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' : ~' ttTE&wj&. ' ., ***«The directors ...
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A Catechism of Socialism. By M. Louis Bl...
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The Frame-Work Knitters' Advocate. Notti...
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Hiffliic ^usmimtt
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STRAND THEATRE. A dramatic version of th...
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ADDRESS OF THE ASSOCIATIVE TAILORS (Of 3...
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DISTRESSED CONDITION OF JOURNEYMEN TAILO...
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PARLIAMENTARY REFORM. •.« "• Monday even...
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— "¦im*" — BRITISH COLLEGE OP HEALTH, Nb...
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Lion Hunting in Algeria.—M. Jules Gerard...
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The WoRKWo CussEs. -The great political ...
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H*T-nm*-Tnnn -**--r------.T-r »T ...... RUPTURES EFFECTUALLY AND PERMANENTLY CUltED WITHOTJT A TSUBB 11 DR; DE ROOS' * " astonishing success. in the i treatment of every variety of RUPTURE is of t aiung of ins dis
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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N Overall Obstaclesfor He Removed Chases...
March 9 , 1850 . THE NORTHERN STAR , 3 I ri I I t I _iiTiiirtmii
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' : ~' Ttte&Wj&. ' ., ***«The Directors ...
' _~ ' _ttTE _& wj & . ' ., _***« The directors ofExter HaH ha * ring _objectea to the -further use of tho Hall for toepurpose _; of Shahspert Readings , the series announced there by Mr . liieholls _^ fll he given in St Martin ' s HaH , Long Acre . "— Adver Hscaea ti
Ob , Exeter-Hall is a structure rare , Mighty , yet meek withal , Its front _Tonassumiiij * ' , straight , formal , and _square , _Tjnule -within it _^ is spacious , and lofty , and fair z The large-hearted , cold-visaged men who meet there "Well typify Exeter Hall . jfarrow-browed—gloomy—and frowning on all , A most orthodox building Is Exeter Hall . _An d good men meet there on the woes to delate Of _sufiering human kind . To abuse , with a Christian-like , orthodox hate ,
Those vile outcasts whose creeds from their own deviate , To curse an old lady ( who ' s drest as they state , In scarlet ) , with fury blind . Or leaving onr own poor in want and in sin , "For the poor anthropophagi kick * ap a din , Forgetting trhere Charity ought to begin , While "Want at onr doors we find ; But "Wisdom may reason , or Charity call , Tor Bigotry governs at Exeter Hall . Concerts are held there ; but concerts are pure*—Music ( - ran injure none ; And the good men listen with looks demure , And they smile , and are pleased , for they feel
secure , So long as they wordly joys abjure , Laughing , and pleasure , and fiin j _jjasses may grumble , and tenors may bawl , Tar music can ' t desecrate Exeter Hall . Oh 1 the Bard of Avon was England ' s pride , Chief in a _mighty age ; And his magic pen as the poet plied , 3 fatnre ' s own spirit its point wonld guide , While virtue and truth _erer sanctified The genius-insp ired page : But _thesis Exeter _BaH denied , He ' spolluted _bythestaee ; And the » ood * ¦ " * _•*"*" * n 00 t > ana the _£°° d men , _?**• _**" ' TOr _Shakspere would desecrate Exeter Hall . So tiie Hall's still pure : The good men still meet Heretics still to curse : Still storm away with intolerant heat , At the lady who has seven hills for her seat , Still go to concerts by way of a treat ;
They ' re saved from Shakspere's verse . Bigots mav bellow , and singers may squall , But Shakspere is hooted fiom Exeter Hall . Fasauin
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A Catechism Of Socialism. By M. Louis Bl...
A Catechism of Socialism . By M . Louis Blanc . London : Weekly Tribune Office ; and by Cr . _Ackers , Holywell-street , Strand . Tins is _Jfo . II . of a series of " Social "Reform Tracts , " published * b y , or under the sanction o £ the Social "Reform League . The' " Cate-4 * Hsm''' is a translation of Louis Blanc ' s contribution to the Almanack du _Nowceaa Monde for 1850 , and constitutes a most admirable synopsis of the principles common to Socialists in general , and especially of those tangbi "by the great champion of the Organisation of Labour . As the tract entire may be purchased for a penny , we shall quote but one portion , that relating to " CAPITAL , " " CBEDIT , " AXD " MOXET . "
Q .: What is capital ?—A .: It is the totality of the implements of labour . The labourer requires food , clothing , and shelter , and must have tools , materials , & c , to work with . These , together , form what is called capital . Q .: Hoes it not follow from this that without capital there can be no labour ?—A .: Undoubtedly . Q .: Is it not just ; then , that capital should receive a share of the profits under the name of interest , this being only a fair recompense for the services wliich it renders ?—A .: Such are the arguments ofthe advocates of usury , and may be shown to be mere sophistry . It is perfectly truo that labour cannot exist without capital , but interest is paid to the capitalist , not to capital . Now , capital and the capitalists are two perfectly distinct things _, for capital to exist it is not necessary that it should be exclusively possessed by a few individuals to
whom interest must be paid . Suppose an association of labourers , possessing a common capital that _& not belonging to any particular individuals , bnt all the members in common . They wonld work on their capital without paying interest on it to any one , as in this case there wonld he no capitalist , although there would be capital . It is not possible to imagine labour without a labourer , but we can easily conceive of capital without a capitalist . When a labourer dies , bis labour ceases , but when a capitalist dies , his capital survives him . _So similarity , therefore , tSm be established between capital and labour , from which to deduce the justice of any premium termed interest . - _<^ .: What is represented then hy the interest of capital l—A .: It represents the privilege accorded to certain individuals to sit still and see their
fortune increase and reproduce itself , or it represents the price which labourers are censpelled to pay for the permission to work ; or finally , it represents their subjection to a condition which few can successfully struggle against , and none escape . Q .: How do you understand gratuitous credit ? —A .: It consists in supplying the labourers with necessary capital without requiring interest from Mm . Q .: Wonld not this be tbe result of the universal
adoption of association % —A .: Certainly ; for as soon as the labourer can always find admittance to an association possessing a commission capital , of which he is invited to take advantage , the problem is solved ; credit gratis is simply association . % : What is money ?—It is the representative of capital , and the circulating medium of exchange . Q .: Ts a metallic currency necessary in the operation of exchanges ?—A .: Under the present social system it is , but not that in which the socialist contemplates .
_<*» .: Why is a metallic currency the necessary medium of exchange in the present system of society ?—A : Because having an intrinsic value it becomes a security as well as _< a token , as it can be melted down into ingots , and be employed in works of art j it not only represents exchangeable commo--dities , but is actually of equal value to them . It , therefore , becomes a security to those who receive it , and it is the same as if they received the very object of which it is the token or representative . Sow , nothing less than such a security would be satisfactory nnder a system of dissimilar and opposing interests , where fraud necessarily begets distrust .
Q > : Why will a metallic currency he unnecessary inthe new order of things?—A .: Because all the members of an assocation would know one another , and nothing wonld be left to chance or accident . Q .: What sort of money then will he employed in tbenew state of society ?—A .: Paper money . Gold is the money of distrust and individualism ; paper is the currency of mutual trust and association . Q-: Supposing Socialism realised , why would a _Jiaper currency , be preferable io a metallic one ?—A : Because the former , being without real value , would be exactly what a currency ought to be , a simple medium of exchange , while the latter , having an intrinsic value , becomes an object of merchandise , and thus renders the rich complete
masters of exchange operations , which are the life and sonl of trade and industry . Q j .: Is there no danger in the use of a paper currency ?—A : There is certainly , under the present order of things , because the facility of creating w , would induce governments to extend the issue beyond all bounds , which would lower its value and disiorb commercial transactions ; but there would he none in a state where the government really consisted of the best and ablest , and social intercourse was regulated on a systematic basis , in harmony with the laws of nature , as would be the case 3 _t ? . . fraternal associations contemplated hy the { socialists , for in that case any arbitary issue of paper money would be effectually prevented by re gulating it according to the amount of goods in the warehouses .
We very heartily recommend this tract to onr readers , trusting it may circulate to the extent of hundreds of thousands of copies . On the subject it treats of , it is the most admirable wort ever written .
The Frame-Work Knitters' Advocate. Notti...
The Frame-Work Knitters' Advocate . _Nottingham : It . Sutton , Bridlesmith-gate . _^ P- IL of this nsefnl little publication coii-* - "" is reports of meetings , and other matters _^""' oected -with the trade . We extract the ' ( - '• lowing notice . of a , _jKJottinghanishii ' e poet : —
.. HEXitT KI 55 K WHITE . tie was bora on ihe 21 st of August , 17 S 5 . Henry """ as a rhjmir and _asludtnt from his earliest years , j * Jiu during tLe second seven years of boyhood assis-«~| f . _Jis father in the ungentle _callis'g of his craft . 1 h _' s biitine * s , it appears , was not in consonance with '! "s feelings , as we find , that in his fourteenth year he was _apprenticed to a stocking weaver , and _dis''•• ul the idea , as he said , " of _spending seven years " _uu-e _shining and folding cf stockings , he wanted _^ _methi-ig to occupy Ws brain , and he felt , 7 " " - * should be wretched if he continued * - 'n * rer at this trade , or indeed io am * thing except one 01 the learned professions . " Thii idea triumphed
The Frame-Work Knitters' Advocate. Notti...
overall obstacles , for he was removed from his disagreeable _caUingto one in au attorney ' s office , where he applied his leisure hours to _thestudyof languages , and in the course of a few months was not only able to read Horace with tolerable facility , but had made conaderable progress in Greek .- Hishahib of study and application were unremitting . A London maganne , called the Monthly Preceptor , having proposed prize themes , for youth of both sexes , Henry became acandidate , and while only in hia fifteenth year obtained a silver medal , for a translation of Horace : and in the following year , a pair of twelve inch globes , for an imaginary tour from London to Edinburgh . Having made an acquaintance with Mr . Hill , the proprietor of the _MonttdyMn-or , his encouragement induced him to prepare a volume of Foems for the press ; which appeared in 1803 . In his preface to A _«* _a _oTl _«* _knl-iiAlaR _fnM " ** ij _*» -ntfin _ta > t-M _. _ . 3 «* 1 ?_ *¦•
the volume , Henry had stated that the poems were the production of a youth of seventeen , published lor the purpose of facilitating Ms future studies and enabling him " to pursue those inclinations which might one day place him in an honourable station in the scale of society . " This volume was severely criticised , wliich caused much pain and annoyance to the youthful author ; but , fortunately , the volume fell into the hands of Mr . Southey , who encouraged him , and with the aid of other friends enabled Henry to gain admission to the University of Cambridge . This was his ambition and Ws desire . The Rev . Mr . Simeon , of Cambridge , procured * for hima sizarehip at St . John ' s College . This benevolent clergyman further promised , with the aid of a friend , to supply him with £ 30 annually , and his own family and friends were to furnish the remainder , to enable him to through the college . _'
go > Poetry was abandoned for severer studies . He competed for one ofthe University scholarships , and at the end ofthe term was pronounced the first man of his year Twice he distinguished himself inthe following year , being again pronounced first at the great college examination , and also one of the three best theme writers , between whom the examiners could not decide , The college offered him , at their own expeme , a private tator in mathematics , during the long vacation ; and Mr . Catton ( his tutor ) , by procuring for him exhibitions to the amount of £ 66
per annum , enabled him to give np the pecuniary assistance whioh he had received from Mr . Simeon and other friends . This distinction was purchased at the sacrifice of health and life . " Were I . " he said , "to paint tame crowning an undergraduate , after tbe senate-house examination , I would represent him as concealing a death ' s head under the mask of beauty . " He went to London to recruit his shattered nerves and spirits , but ou his return to college - he was so completely ill that no power of medicine could save him : hedied 19 th Oct ., 1806 .
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Strand Theatre. A Dramatic Version Of Th...
STRAND THEATRE . A dramatic version of the Vicar of Wakefield was produced here on Monday evening with complete success . The work of adaptation has been done by Mr . Tom Taylor , who has performed his task with much ability , adhering as closely as possible to the language of Goldsmith , and supplying all that was required to render the story effective as a drama The piece is in three acts , each act concluding with a well developed " situation" arising out of the incidents in the original story . The action progresses somewhat _heavily , owing to a superabundance of dialogue , bnt this is a defect which may be easily remedied . The simple-hearted vicar is played by
JUr . _barren , and the character being peculiarly adapted to his genial style of acting , the result is admirable ; indeed the actor realises the true spirit ofthe author , and nothing more laudatory could be said . Mrs . Glover ' s Mrs . Primrose was also a most life-like performance , and it formed a very effective contrast to the character of her husband . Olivia was played by Mrs . Stirling with much true pathos , and a delicacy of sentiment which placed the hook itself most vividly hefore us . Mr . W . Farren , jun ., was the Moses , Mr . Leigh Murray , the Mr . Burchell , and each proved himself to be intimately acquainted with the "internal workings" of the character he represented . On the whole , the p iece was extremely well played , and was most effectively pat upon the stage .
Address Of The Associative Tailors (Of 3...
ADDRESS OF THE ASSOCIATIVE TAILORS ( Of 34 , Castle-street East , London , opposite the Pantheon , ) TO THEIR BROTHER TOILERS OF ALL TRADES . FEtLOwWoRKEns , —Thetime has arrived when the working men of England can help each other , against the many ills and distresses Incident to the lot of those who have nothing but industry and _Ekf'l to give in exchange for the means of life . Enough , too , it might be thought , seeing that _without industry and skill there is no real wealth ; but that is not enough , is evident from the daily increasing poverty of large masses ofthe industrious population of this country . We have reasoned long and thought much , sometimes in sorrow , sometimes in anger , on the anomaly involved in a comparison of the resources
and condition of labour . Those , exhaustless of real good to man—this , wretched , with every day a deeper and a deeper shade of want and suffering . We believe that the cause of this is , that labour has been under the direction of a competitive principle of individual selfishness , which has cheated it of its full reward , and that to secure opposite results it must be organised on a principle of associated effort for the common good . With this view wc have united together , under the designation of "The Working Tailors' Association . " We have extensive and healthy workshops , and business accommodation sufficient to enable us to execute with facility the largest orders ; and we now appeal to you , fellow workers , for your intelligent sympathy , and your hearty support .
We have found that there is . in what are termed the upper ranks of society , a real feeling for the sufferings of labour , which only wants a healthy direction to work mighty effects , and you will be rejoiced to hear tbat it is to kind and generous assistance from thence that we are indebted for the means of thus associating . All true-hearted people will be happy to become our customers , because they see that they are helping us on a right principle to the great duty of helping ourselves . Grateful for this sympathy and assistance , and with high resolve to be worthy of it , we , nevertheless , feel that onr great concern is with you . From you , above all , we expect that steady adherence which results from identity of interest , and conviction of duty . Let us speak
faithfully to you . Here are we , fellow workers , associated for an end common to us and to you—the means of life , and ultimate freedom from the effects of a murderous competition . It is your battle we are fighting , and your custom is the weapon which , in our hands , will enable us on an ever-increasing scale to maintain a successful struggle with an enemy as formidable and aggressive to you , in your separate departments of toil , as to us . Continue this custom to our antagonists , and you will be denying to us personally the means of life , and blast onr glad hopes for the elevation of labour . Will you thus arm unconscientious capitalists against us ? Will you furnish the degrading and horrid slop system with life and sinews lit is but the skeleton of a dreadful iniquity if you hold back—with the profits of yonr custom in its mighty hands , it is a living giant , able to crush everything
which opposes it . Lettherebeno mistake between us on this point . In spite of plate-glass shop , fronts and royal arms , two-thirds at least of the slop-sellers ' custom lie with the working men . In most cases it cannot be otherwise , as well we know . In the fierce struggle for a maintenance , the working man must deal ia the cheapest market . High prices exclude him from the "honourable" tradesman's shop . Justice to his brother workmen is a luxury beyond his reach . But if we offer you our goods at _slopsellers' prices , and from selfish indifference , indolence , servility , you still continue to patronise our tyrants and your foes—fellow workers 1 will you be guiltless ? Shall yon not have to answer to God and man for the good " you have neglected to do- *> for the wrong you have done ? Shall it ever be said , The Working Tailors' Assoeiation failed because the working men did not support it ?
A calm calculation of the elements which compose the profits of trade will satisfy you that you can deal with ns on better terms than those which you are now permitted to make with the _s ' op-seller . We bave all the advantages of being our own capitalists , and have access to the best markets . We constitute in ourselves an undivided mastership , and Brotherhood is its name ; display and luxury , or bankruptcy _, which is worse , have no place among our hopes and fears . We are determined that our work shall , bear a higher impress than the tasker's scrutiny , the impress of good faith and common interest between producer and consumer , aud by reference to our List of Prires _, and an estimate of the cost of cheapness , yon will find that humane princiDles of trade are the best guarantees for a judicious outlaj of your money . We have made allusion to the great aim of associative efforts , and we ask , How long will any trade remain in bondage after the Workin" Tailors Association has
emancipated its principle from the thraldom of individual interests ? The success of our Assofiation . will surely be the signal for all the oppiessed sons of toil to combine for peaceiul and harmonious labour in their respective crafts , and thus a demonstration of the vitality of associative principles in s « will he the first step in a great moral revolution of the trade and industry of England . From the moment that associated labour can deai with-associated labour , progress will be rapid and easr , because a healthy and powerful stimulus will be given to consumption by means of a true , and not of a false , cheapness . For that cheapness alone is true which results from the taking off one or other of the burthens whicli . _heightcn prices , as in the case of customs aiid excise duties ; that cheapness is false , which is made up out . of the maintenance of the workman ; The former really extends the _salei of commodities ; the other must in the long run
Address Of The Associative Tailors (Of 3...
diminish it , by lessening the ,, power to purchase * throughout the most numerous class of _taecpopolation . _" The fair maintenance of the labourer is __ no burthen upon prices , for itis labour which often gives the article its whole available worth . Nay ,, if these penny-wise and pound-foolish economists would look into" the heart of things , they would find one burthen npon prices , the very result of their senseless competition , and which we claim to remove , —the weight ofthestarvaUon , ofihe disease , of thevice , ofthe crime _, of the operative ! -You will not pay living wages 1 •*• • • •» - ¦_ f 1 _* _— A * tL _ . _* ... A _\~ . — _UM _. T . « r _> n
Look to see your poor-rates increase- ' and your streets swarm with prostitutes and beggars ! Would yoa shut up yonr workhonses ? Count first the cost of police and soldiery , of the gaols and of the hulks ; of a war , perhaps with some distant colony which refuses to receive the overbrimmings of home wickedness ; And mind , that all these things have , sooner or later , to come out of prices , so tbat you do but add to the expense of production on the oho hand what yoa take off on the other . So delusive is the search after cheapness , when divorced from justice and humanity !
But we , on tbe contrary , maintain that to secure to labour all its just reward , is to increase in the same proportion the ability to purchase , and to lessen the weight ' of pauperism and crime . The recoil of our experiment then will move you , and if you rightly estimate its importance , it must be . regarded as the pioneer of a new order of things in which all the advantages of skill , industry , and integrity , will redound to the possessors of those qualities , and yet not all to them alone , for there are no real blessings but those which-are shared by all . " -- - The period , we hope , is not far distant when , by unity of purpose , and enlightened direction , Labour will bid adieu to its foes , and to itsceasless repining , weary life and death struggle of strifes and combinations , and find time to say once more " Glory to
God in the highest , and on earth peace and good will towards men . " But this is not to be done by dreaming ofit , but by working for it heart and soul , day after day , life afterlife , through never so many checks and struggles , disappointments , and , if need be , failures . Work for us , then , as we will work for you . For you we work in every ' sense ; for o ' ur promoters are pledged to devote whatever capital we repay to them to the formation of other associations on the same principle : so that by helping us to pay off our debt , you do but create a fund which may necessarily benefit many a Working Man ' s Association in other trades . Work with us , then , as we even now work with you . In addition to your custom , you may _greatly conduce , to . our success by advertising us . It is
hardly to be believed what enormous sums of money are thus spent under the present system of trade , all of which must often come out of the wages of labour . Neither you nor we have any real interest in -this expenditure , and you can save it to us first , and . to yourselves in the end , by using every opportunity of making known to tho world the existence of " The Working Tailors' Association , " and the objects it has in view . If , therefore , we do not fill , day after day , tho columns of a highly taxed press , nor send monstrous advertising eccentricities to perambulate the streets , be you , every one of you , our walking advertisements . When you meet with friends and companions , tell them what is
being done for the emancipation of labour ; use every seasonable opportunity of drawing attention to our operations : we cannot cast bills into every dwelling , but to many thousands have you access ; we cannot haunt the doors of public meetings to thrust the lure of cheapness into men ' s hands ; but you are the public meetings—give us , then , publicity wherever you go , wherever you are , in every shape , by every means . Tradesmen pay heavy sums for privilege of advertising their business at places of resort , Refreshment Rooms—Clubs , < _tc , you meet at Benefit Societies , Coffee Rooms , Reading Rooms —let it be known that you are interested in our welfare , and a-prospectus of " The Working Tailors'Association" will be welcome at all such
p laces . Our patrons in every home , our advocates in everyplace where men meet , nothing will be able to resist such an application as you can make ofa cherished principle to the every-day concerns of life ; and we believe , that it is only by working for each other thus that the world will be saved from the thousand tyrannies , named and nameless , which now afflict it . And now , a word to the high-paid artisan , though we believe that that class is becoming less numerous each day . You may even yet be only on the skirmishing ground of this great battle of competition , and in confident security that you can hold your own against the world , you may imagine that you are not interested in this experiment . Ah ! this is a great mistake . It is true that the labour
market may still afford you the comforts , and , perhaps , some of the luxuries of life , but it is a market , never thclcss . The reason why you obtain high wagea is , not because you are skilful and industrious , but that there are fewer of you yet than are wantedthe supply does not exceed the demand . If there were ten of you whore there is one , instead of ten skilful and industrious artisans , each as rich as that one , the ten , if all employed , would receive each but a tenth of what the one now gains , or if not employed , still less . The supply exceeding the demand your wages would fall lower , and lower still , the difference passing ever more and more into the hands of capitalists and merchants , flung away to the foreign purchaser , or absorbed by a public whose cupidity is constantly appealed to by those
who trade upon it , until that turning point which we have" endeavoured to point out , at which cheap labour becomes dear labour to the community , and grows dearer and dearer from the moment , by all the enhanced cost of workhouses , brothels , hospitals , prisons , penal colonies—and all tho harsh surgery , the blundering quackery under which suffering society now groans . We have attained to this knowledge through suffering ; why 6 hould you not avail yourselves of our experience , and avoid our suffering ? Save your order ! save , perhaps , your own children , from passing through this dreadful ordeal to the means of cure ! Ilelp us , then , help us , while yet you can . On the part of the Association , Walter Cooper .
Distressed Condition Of Journeymen Tailo...
DISTRESSED CONDITION OF JOURNEYMEN TAILORS . On Monday a general meeting of the master tailors resident in the metropolis was held at the Freemasons' Tavern , to adopt measures for the alleviation of the distress under which so large a number of journeymen are at present suffering . Most of the principal firms were represented . Mr . Cartwrignt presided , and Mr . Sprague moved the first resolution , which expressed the deep regret the meeting felt for the great distress and degradation of the journeymen , which it attributed to the practice which prevailed in many establishments of giving outdoor work . In speaking to this resolution the mover stated , that both men aiid women who were employed in the trade were ill paid , and were reduced to the lowest depth of moral and _social degradation . He was not one of those who maintained tliat women
ought notto be allowed to work in the tailoring business . There were at present a great number of women emp loyed , at wages wh ' ch kept them just above starvation point . A woman who worked for a slop shop stated , that sometimes she only got 4 d . for making a waistcoat , sometimes she got as much as 6 d ., 8 d ., orlOd . She could not commonly earn more than 2 s . fid . a week , sometimes by extra work she got from 3 s . Cd . to 4 s . But as a sample , she stated that from September 13 to October 31 , a period of seven weeks , her total receipts were 13 s ., being about Is . 10 id . a week . Turning to the men employed , he found that one poor fellow , whose name was in his possession , was engaged in making coats , one which was riven to him last week had to be stitched and
braided—it cost him three days and a half close labour , and he was to have received 8 * . for it , but it was returned upon his hands because it was not stitched with silk . He had made shooting coats and other garments on still lower terms , and if they were not delivered to the employers at the esact time agreed upon he was fined 3 d . for the first , and 6 d . for each succeeding hour . If he worked eighteen hours a day he could not make more than 12 s . a week , and out of that he bad to pay Is . for trimmings , 6 d . for candles , and 6 d . for coals . Such a sum was insufficient for the support of a respectable man and his family . Another man was making for an employer a coat , which occupied him twenty-six hours , for the paltry sum of 2 s . —not a Id . an hour . Mr . Adeney well
—a gentleman with whom the trade were acquainted— had visited that man , who had a wife and three children to support . He said he had another coat in hand , which would occupy him two whole days to make , for which he was to receive the sum of 3 s . 6 d . Another man was to make a Chesterfield coat , which would employ him three days of eighteen hours each . He was to receive 6 s . for it , but out of that sum he had to pay 6 d . for trimmings , 3 d . for candles , and 9 d . coals ; After reciting several equally fragrant cases , Mr . Sprague proceeded to speak of the sanitary condition of the men so employed . Last week an industrious man and his daughter made five coats , for which they obtained 13 s 9 d ., out of which sum he had paid 4 s . _rei > t , Is . for ' candles _, and 2 s . Id . for trimmings , leaving just 6 s . 8 d .
for the support of the two ; The daughter was twenty years of age . The room in which they worked and slept was about nine feet by eleven ; but , besides the father and daughter / the room had to accommodate two youngmen and oiie voung woman ; and all these persons worked , and ate , and slept in this small apartment . Master tailors and heads of . families were deeply interested in the question . In such confined apartments fever and other diseases were likely to be generated ; and these might be communicated through the work to tlie persons who received it . The resolution , having been seconded by Mr . Swayne , was agreed to ; as also was another , moved by Mr . Stowasser , and seconded by Mr . Adeney , affirming that it was highly important , as a means for the improvement ofthe moral , social , and physical _condiion of the journeymen tailors , that all : workmen
Distressed Condition Of Journeymen Tailo...
should be employed on the premises of the master . The master tailora ' present , individually and collectively , pledged themselves to carry out the remedial measures suggested ; and the , meeting separated , after a vote of thanks to the chairman . RhnnU _T _.. ___ .. 1 * . . a C XI . _~ — * .- « . _«*¦
Parliamentary Reform. •.« "• Monday Even...
PARLIAMENTARY REFORM . . « "• Monday evening , a public meeting was held _at-the School Room , Cowper-street , City-road . 0 . LusiiiNoroN , Esq ., M . P ., took the chair at seven o clock , to consider the subject of Parliamentary and Financial Reform . ih x ° ? HA 1 RMAI ' having explained tho objects oi tne Aational Reform Association , proceeded to congratulate the friends of the movement on the increase of their supporters in parliament , as proved by the division which had taken place in tho House of common s a fow ovonings _ngo . However , their minorities in that house would bo of little service as . long as the peoplo were unrepresented in it .
( Hear , hear . ) None but the aristocracy were represented there fully , and he was not wrong when stated that out of tho numher in that house there weJe ¦* ? composed of military and naval officers ; and their immediate friends . They had besides marquises and earls usque ad nauseam . He did not Object to lords sitting in the house , but he objected to their not being the choice of the people , but " _»* " _**« y . the nominees of the aristocracy . ( Cheers . ) _t-ord John Russell said that the people of England had not sufficientl y indicated their desire to have fu * _*" would ask whether such meetings as those which had taken place at Nottingham , ireeds , Yarmouth , and other places , wero not a sufficient proof of what was the desire ofthe masses
of the people of England . They had discovered _novr useless _? ' _- " _«* b to present petitions to the House ot commons , and they now adopted a more wise P ' ° * mtimating their wishes . It was said that the : labouring classes were not qualified by their knowledge to hold the suffrage , but that he most emphatically contradicted , and he asserted that those classes had lately shown how well fitted they were to hold a voice in the management of their own affairs . Ho was glad to find that those who went further in their claims than the National Reformers had for the time given up their extreme views for the purpose of assisting the association in carrying out an object which was undeniably desirable . Ho himself had voted in the House of Commons in favour of tho Chartistsnot because he
, agreed with them in all their views , but because he was impressed with the belief that they had a right to have their opinions fujly discussed in the Houses of Parliament . He thought that by the course they adopted they had acted in the wisest possible way to secure a general advantage , for they had withdrawn that opposition which they had held to the more moderate opinions of their true friends . ( Cheers . ) He had hopes that when they should have made some progress in reforming the House of Commons , other concessions would he looked for and granted , and the Chartists may not , therefore , despair of having their views ultimately carried out . ( Cheers . ) To return to the question of the qualification ofthe labouring classes to hold a vote , he
would remark that Mr . Fox , the other night , in his admirable speech on secular education , had clearly proved that at present they were fully competent to exercise the right of voting for a member of parliament . No man shonld be taxed without having a voice in the representation ; and he hoped that they would continue to contend for that privilege . It was said by one of the wisest and brightest judges ofthe land that the taxation of any persons without their , consent was nothing more than robbery , and he ( the chairman ) considered . that the people were robbed , inasmuch as they were not fully represented . The chairman concluded by observing that they were completely in the dark as to what were tho reductions which were to be made in the taxation
of the people by the Chancellor of the Exchequer , who proposed to make his financial statement on the 16 th of this month , but he was perfectly sure that nothing would be done in that direction until the taxation was taken off knowledge , for it was that alone which would teach the people to perform their duty , and moderately to assert their rights . Mr . Tindal Atkinson moved thefirst resolution , to the effect , thatthis meeting convinced of tho necessity ofa general agitation ofthe United Kingdom on tho
question of Parliamentary Reform , with a view to an early and universal expression of public opinion on that subject , would record its cordial and emphatic approval of the plan proposed by the council of the National Association for that purpose , and pledge itself to render immediate and efficient co-operation . He in eloquent terms advised the people to throw off the trammels of toryism and whiggism , and to fight their cause until they succeeded in sending to parliament men who would vote for the best interests ofthe community .
Mr . _SniLLiBEEii seconded the resolution , which was carried unanimously . Sir J . Walmsley here presented himself to the meeting , and was received with loud cheers . He stated that he had just come irom the House of Commons , where he had been engaged in voting for a Reform Bill-for Ireland— ( cheers)—and then proceeded to _proposs the second resolution—namely , that the meeting earnestly recommends to the friends of Parliamentary Reform throughout Great Britain and the colonies to furnish prompt and efficient assistance to the council of the National Association , by the holding of meetings , the passing of resolutions , the formation of committees , the employment of local agents , and tho contributing of funds' He
then alluded to the verdict which was given against them in tho Ilouse of Commons , and said that it was the duty of the people to satisfy that house that they were determined on having their great measure of reform passed . It had already been his good fortune to witness various meetings in all parts of the country , andthey were all unanimous oh this important question . ( Hear , hear . ) He pointed out to them how they should work so as to enable them to compel the House of Commons to listen to their demands , and promised them that he would not cease night or day to agitate thequestion until National and Parliamentary Reform was granted , and expressed a hope that three years would not have elapsed before their grand object would be attained .
Mr . Weir seconded the resolution , which was carried . Mr . A . Walker proposed the third resolution to the effect that this meeting regards with feelings of heartfelt satisfaction the proposition of holding a national conference in London during the month of April next , and calls on the friends of the mover ment in all _paria of the country tb assist the council by selecting earnest reformers to represent them at that important meeting . This having been also carried , and the usual vote of thanks to the chairman having been responded to , tho meeting , which was very numerously attended , separated .
— "¦Im*" — British College Op Health, Nb...
— " ¦ im * " — BRITISH COLLEGE OP HEALTH , Nbw-Road , London . . TO THE FINANCIAL & SOCIAL REFORMERS THROUGHOUT GREAT BRITAIN . Fellow-Countrvmen , —Prove , as most easily you can , how doctors have for ages cheated the people on the question of their health , and all the reforms that you demand must follow , and that , too , in quick succession . The dishonesty of the medical body can be most easily established . We are , Fellow Countrymen , Yours , in the cause of Salutary Reforms , The Mrmdsbs or thb BBmsn Colleoe op March 6 th , 1850 . Health .
Lion Hunting In Algeria.—M. Jules Gerard...
Lion Hunting in Algeria . —M . Jules Gerard , the sub-lieutenant in the Spahis , who has gained such great celebrity as a lion-killer in Africa , writes from Constanline , that he went to the hills of Serazer , in the district of Segnia , where he had been told that lions might be found . Havinir discovered that the lions wero in a clump of trees surrounded by rocks , he placed himself on an adjacent rock , and presently saw two lions among the trees . The animals appeared greatly irritated at having been disturbed , and one of tliem frequently issnedfrom thc trees as if to reconnoitre . At length M . Gerard sent away all the Arabs who had accompanied him except one , and loaded his rifles . Presently the two lions came forth , oneabout fifty steps in advance . On seeing M . Gerard the first lion
rushed towards him , and leaped on the lower part of the rock , looking at him fixedly . The animal having turned towards his companion , M . Gerard fired and hit him on tho shoulder . Tho lion fell with a fierce howl , _hors de combat . Tho other lion then rushed to tho attack with tail extended , and roaring furiously . Gerard shot him in the shoulder . The lion gave a tremendous spring , and alighcd on the very rock on which Gerard was . Tho brave man calmly took a second rifle from the Arab by his side , aimed at tho animal ' s temple , and killed him on tho spot . A coup de grace was given to the other lion , and , as Gerard said , '' the job was done . " Including these two , Gerard has killed altogether seventeen lions . — Galignani's Messenger .
Sunday Labour in Post-offices . —The West India mail , . which arrived at Southampton on Saturday at midnight , was receivod at tho General Post-office on Sunday morning , and , owing to the present arrangements for expediting letters through London , the mail was sorted and tho letters delivered in tho North of England on Monday morning at the same timo that tho West India letters were delivered in London . Thus the London merchants had no undue advantago over tho provincial ones . The arrangements for sorting letters in railway carriages on Saturday nights and after midnights on Sundays are fast completing , by wliich the Sunday labour in the General Post-offico will bo dispensed with—Dailii Neivs .
During 1849 , deposits of Californian gold to tho extent of 6 , 000 , 000 dollars ( about £ 1 , 260 , 000 sterling ) were placed in tho mint of Philadelphia .
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The Workwo Cusses. -The Great Political ...
The _WoRKWo CussEs . -The great political and _soqial _problm of the time is furnfshed _ny the condition and attitude of the working classes . Here is the hidden rock which . calls for the most consummate pilotage . The immense and constantly increasing numerical force of these classes—the general _abjectness of thoir physical and mental condition-- ; the intelligence and talent displayed by what may be termed their aristocracy—the growing sense of their degradation , and the growing willingness to ascribe that degradation to social and political causes , not to the eternal ordination of nature ; all point to danger present , and danger for the future , if prompt and efficient remedies be not found for whatever of evil may lurk in these gloomy portents . —The Revolution of France . We mat set it down as aii axiom , tbat young ladies cannot know everybody ' s names , when it is utterly impossible for them to know what their own may be a twelvemonth hence !
Thk tobacco grown in New South Wales has hitherto been considered of inferior quality ; but the colonial manufacturers have lately improved the method of preparing the leaves , and now hope to exclude American tobacco from colonial use , and even to export Australian tobacco to England . A Treasury warrant has appeared in the Gazette , which orders that in future a uniform rate of fourpence shall be charged on all letters not exceeding half an ounce in weight , and posted in this country for Belgium , or on such letters sent from Belgium to this country , or to any of the British colonies .
Thk Fife Herald celebrates the connubial constancy and courage of St . Andrew ' s hen . Her liege lord quarrelled on the streets with a rival cock , and , as with other . biped bodies , a duel must repair their wrongs . At it they went , and furiously they fought , until the lady , fearing that widowhood would be her fate , flew upon the antagonist of her spouse , beat him bravely off , nnd strutted away with her mate , chuckling over her victory . A description of theft has of late been practised in Glasgow , and which entails heavy pecuniary loss upon the proprietors of cabs , omnibuses , & c . It consists of stealing the cushions of these vehicles for the sake of the hair with whioh they are stuffed . To show the extent to which this offence is perpetvated , it may be mentioned that it was stated in court by one of the cab proprietors in a recent prosecution that his loss on this account , during the last nine months , had not been less than £ 900 .
The Difference between a Tradesman in the Year 1750 and 1850 : —
1750 . Man , busy in his shop ; Wife , brewing malt and hop ; Girl , scorning not the mop ; Boy , active , not a fop ; Bills paid , and fortute made . 1850 . Man , at his country seat ; Wife , plum'd andjewell'd en suite ; Miss , aping the elite ; Boy , on his hunter fleet ; Claims unmet , and the Gazette .
Hbnrt thb Fourth of France . —When Henry was entreated to take more care of his person than he had done , and not to go so often alone or illattended , he answered , " Fear ought never to find admission into a royal breast . The man who dreads death will make no attempt upon me : the man who despises life will always be master of mine , though I were encompassed with a host of guards . I recommend myself to God when I rise , and when I lie down ; I am in his hands ; and , after all , the terror of my life is such , as to leave mo no just cause for distrust ; it belongs only to tyrants to live in perpetual terror . " True friendship is a delicate union of like minds , that exalts tho human nature . .
Cobbett . —Without the Border blood and minstrel spirit of Scott , he had much of his soundness , geniality , and broad strength . Morbidity was a word he did not recognise as English . Mawkish sentimentalism , in all its shapes , he abhorred ; and cant found in him an inexorable foe . Hence we account for his celebrated criticisms on Shakspeare and Milton . In his heart , perhaps , he appreciated both , but was indignant at the false and wholly conventional admiration paid them by tho multitude . Or , even granting that his taste was bad , and that , from native inaptitude , he could not feel the more delicate and spiritual duties of either poet ,
was he not better to avow it openly than to wear " a foolish face of praise , " and pretend to what he had not ? In his nonsense of abuse there is something infinitely more racy and refreshing than in others' nonsense of commendation . We prefer him making a foot-ball of the " Paradise Lost , " and kicking it with all his might—impotently indeed , and to the damage of nothing but his own toesthan to see it shining in illustrated editions in the libraries of those whose simpering imbecilities of affected enthusiasm convince you that they have neither understood nor really read it . Much as we admire Shakespeare and Milton , we are not disposed to sacrifice Cobbett as a whole burnt-offerin < r at
their shrine . —Gilfillan . More Candour than Courtesy . — A formal fashionable visitor thus addressed a little girl : 'How are you , my dear ? " "Very well , I thank you , " she replied . The visitor then added , " Now , my dear , you should ask mo how I am . " The child simply and honestly replied , " I don ' t want to know . " Robert Tannock , who in youth was a bedfellow and companion of Robert Burns , died lately , in the 89 th year of his age . Noble Reply . —John Locke , the philosopher , was persecuted by the court of Charles II . for opposition to popery and arbitrary power . When James II .
offered him pardon , he replied , that --he had no occasion for a pardon , not having been guilty of any crime . " In one of the angles of Dartmouth church-yard , Devonshire , is a large tomb , on the stone of which is the following strange inscription : —" ¦ Thomas Goldsmith , who died in 1714 . He commanded the Snap-dragon , a privateer belonging to this port , in the reign of Queen Anne ; in which vessel ho turned pirate , and amassed much riches . " And under the above are the following lines : — " Men that are virtuous serve the Lord , And the devil's by his friends adored ; And as they merit get a place Amidst the blcss'd or hellish race .
Pray , then , ye learned clergy show , Where can this brute , Tom Goldsmith , go , Whose life was one continued evil , Striving to cheat God , man , and devil !" Daniel Lambert died at Stamford on thc 21 st of June , 1809 , having arrived in that town on the previous day , from Huntingdon , for the purpose of exhibiting himself to the curious at tne races . He was thirty-nine years of age ; his height was 5 feet 11 inches ; 3 yards 4 inches round the body ; 1 yard 1 inch round the leg ; his weight , a few days before his death , was found to be , by the Caledonian balance , 52 st . 111 b . ( 141 b . to thc stone ) . His coffin measured 6 feet 4 inches long , 4 feet 4 inches wide , 2 feet 4 inches deep , and contained 112 superficial
feet of elm * , it was built upon two axletrees and four clog wheels , and upon these his remains were drawn to St . Martin ' s burial ground ( in the church of which is a splendid monument to the memory of the Lord Treasurer Burleigh ) . The grave was dug with a gradual sloping for many yards , and upwards of twenty men were employed in depositing tho coffin in its resting place . Lambert was a native of Leicester , and was for some time keeper of tho gaol in that town . A tombstone marks the spot where his remains are deposited , erected at tho expense of some of his friends in his native town , but a recent visitor to the churchyard says , that if tho humble appearance of the grave was seen by some of Lambert's townspeople , he thinks they
would be induced to raise a fund for a gravestone worthy of the spot which contains tho remains of that extraordinary man . During his lifo ho cultivated the esteem of all who knew him ; and to show how he was respected by the magistracy of Leicester , on his retiring from the situation of gaoler , they voted him an annuity of £ 50 without any solicitation . He first exhibited himself for profit in Piccadilly . Youth is a glorious , invention . While tho girls chase the hours , and you chase the girls , tho months seem to dance away " with down upon their feet . " What a pity summer is so short!—beforo you know it , lovers become deacons , and romps , grandmothers .
TnE wines of Stuttgard aro noted for thoir bad acrid quality . There is a proverbial saying there of two of the sourest of them—to wit , that the one is like a cat going down your throat ; and the other the same cat being drawn back again by the tail . A Gentleman wno had gained a handsome fortune by unremitting industry , was once accosted with , " I say , John , why don't you have a coat of arms on your carriage ? "—• ' Oh ! " said tho gentleman , " I want no coat of arms ; when I first came into L—— , I wore a coat without arms . " " Mr . S— -, is your customer B amanto be trusted ? "— " I know of none more so : he is to be trusted for over ; ho never pays . "
A Pugilistic Parson . —A clergyman in Devonshire , remarkable for _nothing but liis wit , and a life perfectly inconsistent with his j . rofcssion , particularly the practise of pugilism , one Sunday , after divine service , had a . quarrel with some of his parishioners in a public house , in consequence of which a severe battle ensued , and though he had several to encounter with , yet the parson gained a complete victory . Tlio next Sunday his antagonists ' appeared .. at cnurch with black eyes , and other marks of tho parson ' s prowess , who ' -- 'to- ' mortify them tho more , preached on theso words of Nehemiali , xiii ., 25 : — " And I contended with them , and cursed thein , and smote certain of them , ' and plucked off their hair , and made them swear by God . " I
H*T-Nm*-Tnnn -**--R------.T-R »T ...... Ruptures Effectually And Permanently Culted Withotjt A Tsubb 11 Dr; De Roos' * " Astonishing Success. In The I Treatment Of Every Variety Of Rupture Is Of T Aiung Of Ins Dis
H * T-nm * -Tnnn - ** --r------. _T-r _» _T ...... RUPTURES EFFECTUALLY AND PERMANENTLY CUltED _WITHOTJT A TSUBB 11 DR ; DE ROOS ' * " astonishing success . in the _i treatment of every variety of RUPTURE is of t aiung of ins dis
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ample proof ne um emcacy ; - covery , which must era long entirely banish a complaint iitherto so prevalent ; "All persons so afllicted should , _wlth-nit delay , write , or pay a visit to Dr . r > B R . _wi _, 0 may be consulted daily from 10 till 1 ; and * _ttiil 8 . —( Sundays excepted . ) ¦! . This remedy is perfectly free from danger , pam , _w-inconrenience , may be used without confine-cent , - is applicable to male and female , of any age , and willbp sent free , with full instructions , & c ., & c ., _rendering failure impossible , on receipt of 6 s . Cd . in cash , or by Post . Office orders , ayaWe at the irolborn office , ¦ . il A great number of Trusses huve been left . behind by persons cures ' , ns trophies of the immense ' success of this remedy , which _ivin be readily given to any ohe reqv . irin * t them after one trial ofit . i ¦ _'< '' V Letters of inquiry should contain two postage stamps . Address , Walter Do Roof . 1 , Ely-place , . _Jlofborn-hill ,
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„ TT „ mT A _B ° 0 _N TO THE AFFLIOTE'i _) _> ! R Fr £ l _£ ? , RS EFFECTUALLY AND ,. _PERMANENTLY CURED WITHOUT A TRUSS !! 17 VERY SUFFERER FROM RUL'TURE Xli ( Single or Double , and of every variety ) ' is ' earnostly invitadto write , or pay Dr . BARKER a _visitj-aS in every case he guarantees them a pcrfeet cure . ' . During : an extensive practice his remedy has'been en . tircly successful , as tho hundreds of testimonials he has received from patient ? , and many eminent _imekber * of the medical profession , amply prove . It is ' appfcable to both- sexes , old and young ; easy and painless in use , and most certain in effect . " " '• ' ¦ ' | The remedy is sent post-free on receipt ofiGs . by postoffice order , or . cash , by Dr . ALFRED BARKER , 108 , Great _RUssell-street , Bloomsbury-square , London , where he may be consulted daily from 10 till 1 , mornings ; 4 till 8 evenings ( Sundays excepted . ) Pest-Office orders must be made payable at the Blooms bury Post-office . ¦¦ '
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_fiN THE PREVENTION , CURE , AND \ J General character of SYPIIILTJ 3 , STBICTDHBS , Affections of the PROSTRATE GLAND , VEN . EPEAL and SCORBUTIC ERUPTIONS of the face and body . Mercurial excitement , die , followed by _umild , _suciessful and expedU tious mode of treatment . : ' ¦¦¦ ' '/' _? Thirty-first edition , '" _] . _? , _*• 'j ; Illustrated bv Tvrenty-Six _Anatomical _-Bnguaitogs on . Steel . New and improved Edition , e _** dargeft , to' 196 pages , just published , pries 2 b , 6 d j or by pos _^ _jUi-ect from the Establishment , Ss . Gd . in postage stamps .,,, ' ..:-" THE SILENT FRIEND , " a Medical WptK pn "fenereal and Syphilitic Diseases , Secondary Spmptoms , _Gonorrhoea . & c „ with a PRESCRIPTION FOR THEIR PREVENTION ; nhjsical exhaustion , and decav ofthe frame , frointhe effects
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IMMENSE SUCCESS OF THE NEW REMEDY , W 7 «' cA has never yet failed . —A cure effected or the money returned , DR . WALTER DE ROOS , 1 , Ely-place , _Ilolboi-n-hill , London , from many years experience at the various Hospitals in London and on tb continent , is enabled to treat , with the utmost certainty * f cure , every variety uf disease arising from solitary _habita _, delusive , iSc , & c , excesses , infection , such a gonorrhoea , gleet , stricture , syphilis , in all their varieties andstages _^ - which , biving to neglect or improper treatment , invariably end in gravel , rheumatism , indigestion , sextual debility , skin discuses , pains in the kidneys , back and loins , deliciency ( if natural strength , and _linoUy an agonising death . The lamentable neglect of these diseases by medical men in general is well known , and their attempts to cure by tho use of those daugerous medicines — mercury , copaiba , eubebs , < _5-c . —have produced the most distressing results .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 9, 1850, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_09031850/page/3/
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