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) jgcMBffilta, 1848. THE NORTHERN STAR. ...
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3UbfttB£*
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WOIflMOlRS OF CITIZEN CAUSSIDIERE, Ex"re...
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THE LABOURER. Edited by Feargus O'Connor...
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FREE TRADE AND ITS SUPPORTERS. TO TBI BD...
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THE CHARTIST ORGANISATION. TO THK JDITOB...
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Nbw Liberal BirmiKOUAM Joubkai. —We unde...
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mitttit&e
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VoitAiR-'a flonw.—Voltaire's house at Fe...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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) Jgcmbffilta, 1848. The Northern Star. ...
) _jgcMBffilta , 1848 . THE NORTHERN STAR . 3
3ubfttb£*
3 UbfttB £ *
Woiflmolrs Of Citizen Caussidiere, Ex"Re...
_WOIflMOlRS OF CITIZEN CAUSSIDIERE , Ex" _refechrefect ot Police and Representative of the Peo ke . lie . London : & Bentley , New Burlington 55 _treet . _jtreet . lit the [ f the retder will turn to page 5 , he will see tbat "Ami 'AW vV _? EVP-S' bis devoted the principal porta of i a of his letter to a review of these autobiographimemi memoirs of the ex-Prefect of the Police of Paris . ( _Citizerji tizeji Caussidiere draws a frightful but faithful _jj-tnre _^^ f the demoralised state of his country under ss _sMi stray of Louis Philippe— ' the Jew of Kings and mt- onr * of Jews . ' 'Every species of crime , ' says ftizen fizen _Caus « dier « » ' cried aloud against the
corpptionption of p rivate morals , and the deterioration of jItioii » uional prosperity under this government of pririi _« , of _« , of selfishness _, and of corruption . ' The The people , wearied of this state of things , com-¦ _entftentfd the agitation for electoral reform . But the 'i'itatoritators were divided into two sections—the real nd thid the sham reformers . Odillon Barrot was the liief aiief of the humbugs , whilst Ledru Rollin was _geneililly r \ lly regarded as the principal leader of tbe _democrats _, fits . Tbe shams desired merely a change of men ¦ -the -the substitution of one set of knaves for another _^ _ithjith jus t as much of so- calle d ' reform' as might lave save served to throw dust in the eyes of the millions Ihe due democrats , on the contrary , desired a change of _usfitusfitutions , andthe substitution of a system founded in job _josti «* for the _ther-adsting system of privilege .
Ht _fiiit first the two parties were united , hut tbey soon artearted romps **** . ' At Lille the Royalists were ihlighliged to retreat before the Republic At Dijon , _Mfhalons , Toulouse , & _c , royalty was completely : ffacffaced at the prospect of political and even of lociaocial reform . ' A At the opening of the following session the re' onrbnn banquets' were honoured by special denunria-IfionHon in tbe * royal speech , ' The majority in each of Ithe the Chambers replied in fulsome addresses , assuring Ittette Fagin of the Tuileries that the glory of hit irwrmame , the blessings of his rufe , and that sacred \ depdeposit , the Charter qf 1830 , could not fail to be I to-transmitted to future generations ! A little month ' _i-mdsnd neither' rule' nor * Charter' had existence , and tsetse name of the royal hypocrite had become a bywoTWord of contempt and scorn .
1 In the debate on Louis Philippe s ' speech'the rigright of public meeting and association was elouuquently defended by Odillon Barrot , Duvergier de HiBanraanevBemusat , Dufaure , Mallevule , Marie , & c . _NtNot twelve months have passed and the world has sa seen these scoundrels trample upon the rights they so so lately defended , and perform acts of atrocious ty tyranny far worse than history will lay to the accc count of Guizot and Duchatel . It is not yet a year it since Lamartine reproached the government for ' j ' placmg the hand of the police on the month ofthe © country . * That was under the Monarchy . Undet t i the Republic Lamartine himself has assisted the enen miesof liberty to stifle public opinio *! by military vi violence .
The projected banquet in the twelfth _arroudissei meat of Paris , brought the question at issue between 1 the Ministry and the Opposition to a crisis . The 1 banquet was forbidden * The Opposition—a few < truly honourable men excepted— -shrunk from taking : up the gauntlet Sung down , by the Ministry aud ; retired from the straggle . But bolder men were now forthcoming . The chiefs of the secret societies _sutamoued their men to
action , and the summons was answered by one and all . On the evening ofthe 21 st of February a meeting of ' a hundred citizens of tried courage and unflinching character' was held at the office of the Beforme . The meeting included Ledra Kollin . Louis Blanc , _D'Alton Shee , Caussidiere , Flocon , Baune , Etienne Arago , Thore , Albert , Lagrange , Delecluze ( then a provincial journalist , now chief editor of the Revolution Democrafigue et Sociale and other'brave conspirators . '
The satins was moit animated . Some contented themselves with an energetic protest against the Ring ' s _mialttera . Others mg « d that immediate preparations should be made to oppose forte by force . Tbe latter _maintained that an insurrectlen wu unavoidable , that one hundred thousand men well affected to the cause would present themselves inthe mornin _^ _in { he patite streets , and that such a splendid opportunity was not to be thrown away . The former feared a defeat , which the government woald deubUess take advantage af , to cnuh by new and _oppressive laws all possibility of meetings being held in future , all liberty of the press and _propagandism , and tbe little tbat still remained of _wHtJe-l right * and means of emancipation . It was ,
however , finally resolved that each man should betshe himself separatssy , and ttilft lit hands in lis pockets , to the Place de Ia Madeleine , to watch the worse of events , and Co gain over public opinion against royalty . In esse of an outbreak , esch member was to repair finsedlately to tha office ofthe _Befcihs , to organise tfae morement with "rigour , and to give it a republican character . That nig ht the popular excitement increased * . The air was impregnated with revolutionary matter . An electric spark of enthusiasm seemed to glow ia the breasts of all' Next day the revolt commenced . Several of the people were billed , including two women , and a number were grievously wounded . The revolt continued on the 23 rd , and that evening
saw the downfall of Guizot and his gang . Guizot' laughed heartily' when threatened with _impeachn-eni on the 22 nd . * Within twenty-four hoars he was shorn of powerand a fugitive 1 A few days subsequently he slunk from France disguised in the dress of _z flunkey ! The retirement of Guizot had satisfied the lourgeoisie , and the population generally abandoned itself to demonstrations cf joy . Tbe insurrection was all hut ended when the dying embers of revolt were re-kindled by the massacre on the Boulevard des _fcpiudHes . The night of the 23 rd was spent in preparations for another and final struggle .
Citizen Caussidiere gives a spirited description ef the erection ofthe barricades on the night of the 23 rd of February . His account of the glorious struggle on the 24 th , does not disclose any new fact of importance ; indeed the accouat is rather imperfect indnnartistic . TJieamdttfdoii is spirited : — On the Place de Sreve _, on the bloody barricades , in tfae uptern streets , from the windows of the houses , there waa one _eroltleg shout of victory : — « Tivs t * . _HtroBuws . ' The following extract gives a vivid picture of the state of Paris immediately after the combat . eirsiiDitae ax —m _rtraxaxea . —arro **«** i » m _* k « or roller .
Like many others , I arrived at the Palais Boyal with a musket in ay hand , aad after the Chateau d'Kiu had _ta-fflcarrlsoby assault , I entered _, the Tuileries , _astcundsd at the feeble resistance tbat had been mads by ths defenders of royalty . like others , 1 stopped _bsfow the steps of the throne , and my thoughts wandered to ray _poar brother _, mnrdered at Lyons in . 1834 . Itwas on the steps of the altar of Christ that ha fell , struck by thru cilli , with sixty four bayonet _wooads In bis _boiy ; aad his cor _* rie relinquished as a prey to a maddened soldiery was soon little more than a _tfitue of bloody shreda . * * *
On leaving tae _Tulkxies I proceeded to the office of the Buosjtt _newspaper _, where a great number of _inaurgentewera appointing * government . When those citizens who bad been _nomloa'ed for tba Provisional Power installed" themselves at the Hots ! de Yille , there were still two important orBces which demanded _irame . _« at » att « tlra—the d ! i" _* _etf cm ofthe Post Office . which w _« at once entrusted to _Btlenns Arago ; and the _PrefectareoCPohes . I proposed Baane for the Police department ; he declined . Several other citizens likewise refused . All who were put is norsinatiou declined
_wdififcultatatk . _Piocoa and Bann * thea proposed ae , ia _coojanerioa with Sobrler . At first I would not accept the offer , bat tie entreaties of ths people and the knowledge thst I should hive Sobrler for a eoUesgue , _lruJaasd me at last to accept it , * * I _proceadea to the _Picture , _acsorapanled by Sebrier and Cat-algae , without any accession of self-esteem , bat also without " any mlitrustof myself . _Igave my musket aad toy pistols to Sobrler and _Cahafgne , who had already laid _atlds their arras , and oaly retained my sabre-, whtoh was _fasttnrd round my tody by a rod tub . It wu thes-coca of honour ol my father .
_Asleatewdtho _ptiasApal _c-wit of «» _Peefcciate vrith ay two comrades , all was disotttt aui _etmfatlorj the ground was strewed with helmet- ' , horses * saddles , _¦^ _mllitaiyaccoatrsment * . Aboat 2 , 709 men , Hani etpsl eaards _, and troops ofthe line , had just evacuated he Prefecture . A company of the llth l ! gion aline ppesred in anything like military order . It was tke oSc < rs of this _wmpasy , seconded by Adjutant _Caron and M . Cartsret , who , to avoid a _coiflict , had Induced _feeHanldpalGatrds and tbs lias to withdraw . A great npsiber of dtiams , more or less armed , aud still intoxicated by a success obtained withont the effusion cf blood , were walking ap and down the courts , shouting , _'TivslaUbertei * 'Tire la _Rfpabliqael ' and singing
fee _HaneUigjie hymn . The coupcVcsii was extremely Picture , que ; it had all the effect of the wildest dream 1 Ir { Q . ae « tdtbeeaptaln of the National Guard to call his mea together , and In a short address I announced my _Prorii ! oaaln ( KninatioatothePrefe « ta * aa and exhorted » U fted ' _-iuns present to lend mo their assistance to . _warde the _re-eitablliament of order , and tbe providing _agsimtthe mott urgent demands ofthe moment ; They I * 'inl * sl with enthusiasm that they woald do so , and * % kept their promise with seal and intelligence . 1 _** _aasoended , etillaecampanied by Schrier and Ce > h 5 « o « . to tha apartments of the 8 ecretary . C « wral , _Jhire I _foaad only two _t-ptayis and two _baUifis , who _*** -lre * nsln _* _4 at their posta . _Inausbsreihoveften j
Woiflmolrs Of Citizen Caussidiere, Ex"Re...
had beea ordered to appear in that very room , When —At _rigortras _wrwWows at e _^~ mMpolUic fiSltCjt _thsJtabas _watehfnlnMs of the Secretary . erasral aad ot the Prefect himself wu continually excited by the reports of tte secret polioe . + * It was with such reflections that I took poueulpa of an hotel , from whioh , but a few hours previousl y , a warrant of arrest had beea Issued against me , I placed my sword upon a desk , _Stbrlsr did the sane with his pistols , aad we set to work at ence , _Hereie a report of Cmii * CaosimiKiE's PustThit to thi Fsovt . _siowiL _QuVtamtsitT .
Whilst I was finding my way , as best I cauld , In this labyrinth of aS-irioi _ersry description , Iooly received Indirect intelligence of what ths Provisional Government was dotal In its sittings at ths Hotel de Ville . I thero , fore reielved , on the arming of _ths 26 _ih February , to go and pay them a visit , so as to Inform myself on various subj- cu . I set out , _accempsulsd by a guard of twenty men . I had no time to change my dms _, and bad by my side my sabre with the red knots , a brace ef pistols ia my sash , and my fighting cap . We arrived at tfae batustrade la front of ths Hotel dsTUle , throogh _lnnutnerrable guards and _chaUsngee of ' Qui vies . " and were obliged every moment to give ths pais . word . I _esa eom . pare the eatranoe ofthe Hotel de Title to nothing cite tban a bet-hive . An armed aad _tarsaleat erowd thronged
the steps . Those under the peristyle were on dnty , and _conttnuall y drove back the crowd , which stepped up the staircase . To obtain aa _eatranee , it was necessary to make a regular assault , and bring into play both elbows end shoulders , at the risk of losing a limb or two . I was _obllgad to leave my escort behind and to try and force my way , accompanied by my lieutenant only . Twice I was driven back with lots ; hat , thanks to my -rigorous _tfforts and to my being _reoognised by soma _atrisent , I succeeded , with my lieutenant , in reaching the stalroaie ol the first story . The leader sf tbe escort , whom I bad tsksn In tow , was a sprightly student , who was all bat _stifled in the crush ; The mats of _armtu and unarmed cWxens that _eecaiuraed this confusion were _thire to tea and
hear what wu going oa ; perhaps , also , to claim service at tbe Hotel de Tills . It wu the Tower of Babel on a small seals . If I did not lose one ef my limbs in this rough passage , I tott one of my pistols . To save my amwrpropr * as Prefect , I have always endeavoured to persuade myself thst in the _seufle it fell out of ray belt , bat the fact If , it wu f nttobed oar . I _esosot uy precisely at what moment ; some honest _cttlxtn , doubtless , who bad no arms , was of opinion that I did ust need two , and that , like good brothers , we onght to go shares . I was samet-hat disconcerted at it , as la critical moments like these a man is glad to have his weapons at hand . On the landingplace ofthe first floor I encountered similar obstacles to Impede my progress to the Provisional Government . Ita
orders were so strict , that when one of its _mtmbers pre . seated himself alone , he had equal difficulties to contend sgalntt . The evening before , _Citlxen ledru Rollin had beeu refuted admittance , apd it was with great dlffi . colty that kerejolnsd his colleagues . Although the first floor swarmed with citizens and pnpllsof the Polytechnic School , the crowd was oot so dense as below . In about an hoax I at last reached tha deor . of the council chamber . Iu a loog gallery , through wbich I bad to pass , the printMscf the _JfoHmus were busy printing the decrees which left the council oh amber . A somewhat dig . orderly activity was visible everywhere . Every man sesmsd aware of the necessity of getting throogh his work ts fsit as possible . All the members of the Provisional Govern ment were seated round a large table with tke
indispensable green cloth . General Thiard , Becort , Plottard , and other ciiiztns were also seated at the governmental table . These gentlemen were literally buried alive iu a heap of torn papers , which , inundated tbe floor of tbe room , and reached up tt > an ordinary man ' s waist , A heavy aad eppreuWe atmosphere weighed upon this asiembly . I approaohed a window which nss half open , my sabre under my arm , and awaited the termination of a diicaf sicn that was going on . I thai wss a witness how the affairs ofthe Republican Government were managed . They commenced drawing up a decree , which was toon torn up , the fragments being teat to increase the heap npon the floor , and then ail was commenced over again . Tbe warfare between toe moasrate and democratic _partlei existed there in fall fares . Flocon and _Qarnler Pages
appeared to me tbe two moit doughty champions , the one for energetic , tbe other for the most dilatory measures . I shall net relate word for word all that came to my ears , luthaply I shoald commit aa error of memory . I shsllenlj add , thst a decree was under dlicass ! on , and that it was to be drawn up . It was quite evident that Flocon was dead beat from exertion , and hs soon fell sick / and lost tbat warm enthusiasm which animated bim _durieg the first days ofthe _RsTOIatioD . He has reputedly told me since , that they took a pleasure in working him to death ; and this is much to be regretted , for he might bave been of essential service to the c » u « e ef ths revolution . His opinion ' s will doubtless again carry him fresh Into the litts _, but with the conviction that revolution is only possible with its originators , and that a man can only get on with his own fellows . L ° t him mark well that this advice Is dictated by my head and by my heart .
Whilst I wu looking en at this _dee-ree-makingr , Albert joined ma at the window , and said : * _Jfatters don't goon well , here ; 2 look aa if I was one too many , I feel greatly inclined to tender my resignation , ' ' Do nothing of ths sort , * I replied , ' unlets it is neoeisary to recommence the struggle ; The people must have ia this Government representatives selected from their own body ; be firm , and oppose yourself _energetieally to any reactionary _measares . The _psople bave paid with their blood for the right of having their own delegates hare ; they are victorious , year power Is oonitqaeatly great ; _ipeak in the name of tke people , and you will be listened to . ' It wts not from a sease of his own inferiority that Albert wished to retire , bat hs was hurt by the airs of superiority which some of bis colleagues assume 1 towards him , who undervalued the intelligence and practical common seu * e of ear friend . The lore of talk ruled sapreme there ,
Thus chaos still _frevaUed In the street and In the ooaneiL We shall next give an extract from the archives of the secret police . Of course Citizen Caussidiere was curious to learn the names of the villains—the ex-agents and instigators—who affecting to act with the Republicans had constantly sold their secrets to the government . He took measures accordingly , ' as will be seen in the following dramatic account of
a STT CSJUSSI _** _-. I hadtbschristltn and surnames taken of all who applied to servein the secret police . I found the names andthepus-wordsof two hundred sgeata _belesgingte tvery class of society , from the aoble to the galley-slave . All of tbem strengthened their _applicst _' _oas _ty-professing a concern for the public welfare , and _bossted of the !* excellent station In society , or of some position of a nature to obtain for them the public confidence , I bad a list made ef all their names , and it Is In safe keeping . By other means I leant the names of the agents lu ths secret pay of the dlffereat _mioisfcrs , aad ia some _instsne-s I made use of tbose men te procure in . formation of what was going ou iu the higher ranks of society . In tbe midst of these reports , addressed by
different spies ofthe polios , there was one voluminous folio , the dates of whieh weat b-ck'to 1833 . More than onethoo ~ 'and informations signed 'Pierre , ' commtne _. ing from tfae affair af Kay , revealed every act , great or small , relative to the Republican party . The informa . tlcni were exact , everything was passed in review - —the army , _thepress , the secret social ! - * . The chsractir sod _hablis ofthe men _infsnned against were gives with the most perfidious nicety . The miserable being had not spued hk own friends - and ( hois whe rendered him _tttricei were the first _denoanoed . He had succeeded in _irulnustlng himself into the very heart of the secret societies , tad as a member of tke committee , he wss au con -ant of everything that took place . A contributor totheCHmvui and to tbe Refobhc , he was lathe
secret of all the ialenuons of the opposition press , and he sold their _secrsti tt our enemies , Lucira D Jshodde , for we mast speak of him by name , never gataed my sympathies . Bat I was often thrown In his company . I even pasted a _porttan of the days of Fehraary with him . On the 23 rd of February wa had to decide os some cen . teal point of _foturrectiou ; the Cure St Martin , _brasching oat from thence to tie _difiVeat _qyartitrt when our men were placed , was selected . I rememb-r well , thst ia tbe evening he proposed to establish oar _hesd . _qawterson the Place des Chevaliers du Gnat , where we conld have been more easily surrounded and _muiicred . However , to avoid creating _suspio ! on , he agreed to our rendezvous , and wu to meet ns _thers at tfae hoar appelated . On the following dsy at noon I repaired to ths spot ,
_accompsai-d by Albert , Commandant Talll < r , aad other _Repoblicsns , bat we had scarcely left tte Bus Grenetatto entertheRueSt Martin when we were saddtnly fired apon by a detaenment , aad tbe msn at my side fell dead . Oa turning ; round I peroeired another detachment , abont sna handled yards off , whleh alto flrci a volley . The wfatle quarter wts surrounded by the Hani * dpal Guard . Perceiving at onoe that we had been be . _trajod , Albntaud myself _endtavonnd to ' make good oar retreat by the Bat _G-eoetal _, when we taw another _cUvUlou of _Ma-Jctpal Gaards _BdvancingtowsTdstii . Wa hardly had time to nab . down the alley of the Cafe _tfarchettl , which we bad aoarctly entered whEB we heard the balls rattling against ( he door , soon followed by the blows cf the _batt-tads cfthe muskets of the _gasrls . We little thought then , either of as that on the following day we shoald both of us he members of a
new goveremeat . Iu half an honr the Han _' e _' psl Gusrds withdrew , and we were _enahled to jola oar friends . _Delsbodde did not nuke his appearance at the Carre St M « rtia , When ha came oa the following day to make an offer cf bis services te meat the Prefecture , he said that he had taktn a different road , aud that like our . ¦ elves had beea prevented from reaching the appointed epot . He then very cosily took hi » plaee at the desk of tbe { _Secretary-Geaeral _Prfiel , _whohadiLd , . Thos I had gives wele-me to a miserable wretch , who , for tea years , was In the secret pay of ear enemies . Hay , mere he wasin a _position of confidence , which , sooner er later , wonld haveeaabled him to destroy aU traces of his infamy _. Three or four days after tha discovery ofthe folio in q iestien . I identified the hand-writing of Pierre with that of Delahoddt . I was convinced o _> hli guilt at once , when what should _tara up bat the _foH _«» iag letter _bitutifdly s ' gaed , with addrew , date , and all his oaths . '
Woiflmolrs Of Citizen Caussidiere, Ex"Re...
• ro _ueum-m u runr sa reuci , 'I have the honour _tonqautadmlisloainto the _admlalitratton yoa direct , I am a native of WlmUle , near _Bsalcgae-sar-Uer _, la ths department of the Pas de Calais , aad sty family Is well known in ths coanty . My father and many of my relations are electors . Since the revolution many of fh « ta _ctfosed ta take a _st-axe in the balloting ; bat procted ' ngi _, in which I bore aprln . eipal part , made thtm ' better appreciate tbe importance of their slerteral righ ' _s , and I doubt not that , in ths coming _eleotisn _, thty will _taakt use of them ln favonr of the candidate who solicits thtir vote , aud who ia every respect is so worthy of » . It wu my _inteutioa , on art-Mag at Paris , to turn my thoughts to literature , and even aow I write occasionally in Li _Passia ; bat the
profits arrislng from my pea being too small , and my wn resources InsuftUtent _, I ftsl myself under thene . _ceislty ot _throwlig up my literary _oarser , or , at any rata , of making it coly a secondary occupation . The department I should prefer , U . IePrefat , _inyouradmtnlitratioa , weald be that of tha secret police . It woald salt my character and my active mini , and the prejudices sgalmtsuch an occupation have ne weight with me ; for I believe that every _profisslon has its morality , aad I do not think W of that of whioh the objeot Is to _eature the truqailiity of the _ooantry , and the citizens cannot be wroagly esteemed by wise men , who only look at tha end and not the means . Like many yonng man , I have beea tha viotim oi that political exaltation wbioh _aoaadVj signalised the first years ot the ; Revolution
of Jaly . In 1832 , 1 was introduoed to the Society of the Droits _deVSemme . Shortly afterwards , I intend tbs atmy as a volunteer ; I entered ths 38 th regiment of the line , and I acquired a certain ceIe * ority by having represented at ths theatre of Solnoni , a play in which tbere were political allailoni , an aot which ' my superior , officers punished very severely , I wu afterwards brought to trial at Lwn , bat I mast protest tbat the political charges brought against me were without foundation . The verdiot of the jary , moreover , proved it . Tbt lort of reputation I acquired from these two _clrcomataucss plaeed me in _cosnexion with tbe principal leaders ofthe _B-pubiicao party ; I was looked apon u allpowerfal lo the regiment , and If . Marrait , of tbs _Tsibdxe , endeavoured , at various times , to persuade me to atttmpt a
_dsmonetration , which he aaid would shake the whela army . I left the army in 1835 , and patstd one year at Pari * studying the law . At tbis period , I was made a member of the SocUU det Families , abont whioh I could give sotae information if _rigulrad . I than retwaei hemt , and it was than thatit itrcck ma that I had too losg allowed myself to be the instrument of men , most of whom were ambitions , or of disappointed expectation * , and the } remamder men who had ran wild and wUhed to induce ) others to follow their exampleaid I _foreiwsre the principles of blood and destruction which once I had the folly to adept . Daily contact with men of ths world , and my own experience , have aince distipatedmany _ofmyyoitbfulilloiioni , and itis be . caaieof this rapid deicent from a belief In appearances that I shall be enabled to shake off from the employment I solicit those prejudices that _turround it . I must _confeis , _Moneieur Ie _Prefet , tbat I look to your kindness for the _lucoeis of my application , and more apon my
ardent _detire to be of service than oa the real claims I have to offer . M . Boutmy , who Is we'd acquainted with me undertook to _preaent you with a sketch Of my life , aa also tossy a few words in my favsar . I trast that he hu dooa so , and tbat the details I have jast _sabmltttdtoyoa , are already Jn part known to you . M . Fracgali Dslesiert , to whom I had the honour to write aoae time back on the _sasjeot of his election , has made Inquiries concerning me which I believe were oot _uafavourable . If you think it advisable , and will deign te take that trouble , it Is la hit power to giro you tbe necessary information . I conclude , Monsieur le Pref _« t _, by asking your pardon for having aaid io much about myself , and by appealing to jour kindness to take my request into consideration . I have the honour to be with respect , _Menaieur Ie Prefet , yoor very humble and very obedient servant , ( Signed ) 'L DstAHoDDi , Roe Ccquenard , 9 . _Patli , 25 th March , 1838 . *
'Imade Monier acquainted with the affair , an old friend of mine , of twenty years * standing-, on whom I coold rely , and whom I afterwardi made _secretary-gsne . rai as a * recompenie for his intelligence and zeal . He wrote to some of the patriots whose names figured in the informations , to meet him at nlBe o ' clock the _foUowtag day at the Luxembourg , and I wrote to Albert , who lent us kis room , not _knowisg fer what it was required . I did not wish Delabodde to be tried at the Prefecture , where the Moritagaards would bave ten him te pieces , if they got wind of what bad occurred , and it would have bean said that wa murdered bim out of a fear ef his diioloiures , He dined at my table , ti did some other secretaries and extra employes . He sat opposite to me , aui I was ceuttraiued to gulp down my
indignation . I coold not have stood this long , and immediately after dinner I told him wa were to meet at Albert s rooms to discuss some serious _buaineBi . We left together , and as we walked along he vaunted hi * ability to fill the office of chief secretary . We arrived at last at Albert ' s rooms where I had taken tare to forward all the proofs of hia guilt . Including Delabodde , there _wereskteenpereotu _preseat . Tbo . sitting at once became solemn ; Grandmeinll took tbe chair , asd I explained tbe object of the meeting . Delahodde , not beiag aware that we had proofs , commenced by remiasiog us of hli _Republican _principle for the last seventeen years . On bringing forward some of bla
reports he still denied hts gailt , and demanded that his handwriting' should be proved . The exasperation of all pruent having reached a climax , they thundered forth proof after proof _agaiast him , aad read the original letter given above . The accused then oonfesied his guilt , and declared that ia a momeat of _daipair he threw himself lnte the arms of the polios ; tbat he made reports , bnt that he was never tt » _Ojentprotooa «« r , or provocating agent , and that be conld not reprosob himself with the arrestof a tingle repabllean . Some ot his formtr ft _' _eude , present at this dramatio scene , « quested him to blow his brains oat . He contented himself with writing the following letter : —
"I declare that aU the resorts signed Pierre were written by me . Ii , DBUMOmt . ' _•« Paris , this Uth Muoh , 1848 . ' ' ' A _proctt-verbol of the moating was made on the spot , and signed by O . _Grandmesnil , Tiphan-, Mooter , _Bogset , _Pilhes , Lecballier , Bergeron , Louchhet , Albert , _Calllaud , Ch . Rouvenat , Mereler , _Causiidiere , and — Cbenu . The _ilguature . of the latter wu scarcely legible , Delahodde was immediately takes te the Prefecture , and from tbencs looked up at the Conciergerie in solitary _cenfiaement , for _baviBg _, after the 2 ltb of February , kept ap a cdrreipendence with the agents of the fallen government A few days afcer I ltfc the Prefecture , he wu set at liberty by an _otdonaance of nen lieu . ' Hs at once left for London , where he attacks the Republio and the Republicans la a little journal . ' Here is an aceount of the manner in which the Provisional Government _responded to the popular demand for the
OSOANUaTIC-l * OV UB 0 C 1 , The people were not satisfied with a simple declaration of the rights of labour , but desired so see it pat into practice Immediately . Tha different trades , with banners bearing for a device , * _Egdltie . _aMi ' ton dt VexpMtation de _VhmmeparVkomms ? ( Ho living upon otber men ' s labour , ) presented themaelvea at tbs Hotel de Tills , f heir delegates , an being _admitted , demanded the _establiahment of a ministry of labeur , tbat Is to say , a ministry of _progreis . The pceple were waiting _bsiow , with muskets la their heads , ia a calm , bat _determlaed attitude . The council entered upoa tbe _diseanienat once . MM . Garaler Pages and Lamartine spoke with extreme violence against the claims ofthe workmen , and cntrcached themaelvea behind e > general
_reierre , leckiag to blink _thtgrut _qafition attune . They maintained thatthe _Proviilenal G » veromeat should carefully avoid solving any qaestion whatsoever , thatit had nether tht right , the duty , car the power to do anything ; that everything wu to be referred to the decisions of the National Assembly , and that their functions ought to be restricted to the simple dalles ot a commie sary of police ; Louis Blase , oa the other hand , contended that it wae their duty to reform theoldeystem with the least possible delay , aud to establish at once the political and social revolution ; tbat the future Assembly would act when it had met , bat that tfae authority with which they had been invested by tbe people confered upon them the constituted power ; that the revolution wu made by and for ths working clatses , and that
their first step shonld be to proclaim the abolition of the proletariat , and to establish the moat Important _mioiitry of the Republic—tbe Ministry of Lfttour , He moreover tendered his resignation if the wishes of the people were not complied with . M . Arago , taming towards his _jouag colleague , addrtued him ss follows : 'Who hu fulfilled the duties of a father towards yoa ? I eatreat yoa , in the name of my white hairs , to renonace this idea ef tbe _organliatlon of labour . Bo not separate yourself from the Proviilonal Government . Bo you with ua all to have our throata cm ! ' Tke people all this time were waiting below stairs for the reply of their diotatori . M . M , Garaler Pages and Karrut bad withdrawn to a corner _efjtkt room , where they concocted together a art of evailva concession , whleh doubtless appeared to them of little consequence . * Imtead of a ministry , '
stld one of them , _« let oa establish a _ccmmisiion of inquiry , which will examine into the question , and _app-ase t & e people . _A-sinlatry implies action—a special commisiion simply preptret materials for the fatare . ' The presidency of this _commiiilon—without power , a budget , or any available means—was offered to Louis Blano , He stoutly refuted it , insisting that attention should be paid to the demands of the people . M . Arago repeated bis prayer over again , and offered himself sa vice-president . M . Marrast rffered a palace ; Louis Blano still refuted ; and the people below grew lm * patient , aod made tbe butt-ends of their _muekets readknd on the pavement . The othtr members interposed ; acd it was finally decided to _eatabUsh a commlssioa ef workmen , to sit in the Palace of the Luxembourg , with Louli Blanc for president , and Albert tbe workman , forvioepresident .
Citizen Caussidiere was too much of a democrat to suit the _JVaftonaJ clique ; more than once , therefore , an attempt was made to oust him from the Prefecture ; On ene occasion Gamier Pages came to tbe Prefecture accompanied by Recurt , the latter having a government order to supersede Caussidiere . Bnt the two _Nationa ls thought better of it , and retired , leaving Caussidiere undisturbed . In connec
Woiflmolrs Of Citizen Caussidiere, Ex"Re...
tion with this affair , there ii ( he following _ridicnloui anecdote of
_eian-ia nasi . Before leaving , Gamier Pages , perceiving what effect his visit had made , and fearing leit the Moutsgnardi shoald im * ll _« rat , is regarded his democratic views , endeavoured to reinstate himself ia their good opinion , by one of those strange speeches whieh he alone has the happy art of making . 'My son / he said to thin , ' my owa son is a grocer ' s boy la tbe Rae de la Terrerle ; the ion of your mayor a grocer ' s shop-boy 111 w « ate all of ui workmen ; my son is a workman in ths grocery Unit-. ' Here he ' stopped short ; whether tbat htwas too much overcome by emotion to continue bis speech , or whether the emile visible on the _counteaanoea of his audience warned him thathe was on the wrong tack , I do aot know ,. He perceived , however , that It wonld be dangerous to dismiss me at that moment , and he joined Reoart ia solicitations to me to remain in office , I consented , ( To be continued in next Saturday ' s Star . )
The Labourer. Edited By Feargus O'Connor...
THE LABOURER . Edited by Feargus O'Connor , Esq ,, M . P . December . London j J . Watson , 3 , Queen ' s Head Passage , Paternoster Row . Female Slavery in England' is the title of an excellent article on the condition of the "Women ef the Working Classes . The author of the article powerfully exhibits the wretched condition of women in the manufacturing districts , the Veritable slavery of dressmakers aD . d other needle workers , aud the unkindly treatment of those domestic serfs — ' maids of all work . ' From a timely and valuable article on the'Position and Prospects of the National Land Company , ' we quote the following account of the
?& _OSKE _88 CT TBB L & HD TUNCirLE , The principle of the _Natlosal land Company ia to purchase Und la the whole-ale market by maans ofthe united capital of the werking claaics , and to sell it to them again at _oost price la tuch small holdings as may ba salted to their respective wests and m _* am , We have heard mnoh in condemnation of this plan . It haa been derided as visionary , impracticable , and dlihoneat . All the hungry heunda of tht Praia have bean pat on the trail and yelped _oondemBatioa la ohanu . Bat , notwithstanding this angry howl , what do we sae J Why tbat , as in tbe case of every sound prinoiple , other partiea are copying it , and , we will add , parverting It to 'Irish purposes never _coatemplatsd by its ori ginator * . Two illustrations will prove tbis .
It will be remembered that last i « s-l « n a Bill was introduoed called 'The Farmers' _Eitatss ( Ireland ) Bill / re pacsed with comparatively little oppoaitlon in _tithir hoose . We were la the Home oi Lords whea Sari Devon moved Us second reading and explained its objeo ' _s . These were briefly to Incorporate and legalise a company of capitalists to _purohate estates _wholsssls ln Ireland , and then to parcel these estates into small _haldiogs of aot less than thirty acres , to bs sold or let apon _leaio to small capitalist * . His _larashlp dilated it conslderatls length upon the Imraanae beo . efl . ti which suoh a mode of proceeding would oenfer up- > _u Inland , where the creation of saoh a body of amall yeoman was one of the most pressing wants , and _erTered tho only way of laying a sound _fododatlon for its fatare prosperity .
He showed the impossibility of bringing capital aad labour to the saltlvatioa of the neglects ! soil of Ireland , so long as It was looked ap In masses la the hands of negligent , improvident , and insolvent landlords , and vlrldly de _«* rlb _* d the _advantages which _woala _aecwgarily . flaw from a wider diffailon ef the reuse of property among the people at large , ford Beaumont , a orotchetty , hut clever politioal economist , whose head Is fi led with the absurdities of Rtcardo , UacuUoch , aud all tha ether writers _ofcoasease on thst subjeot , Immediately after Lord Devon ' s _npesltlon stood ap and opposed it la tbe strongest maaaer . After prophesying all kinds ef possible and impossible evils as likely to result from tbe measure if it were carried , ha concluded by stating , that It was merely a _-vhoUsala adoption of tha principle of Mr _Fesrgus O'Connor's babhla land Bcb _* a _>» , and on
that ground he should oppose It . His opposition , however , was imffectual . The bill passed both houses , and received the Royal Sanction . So that we may say the legislature and government bave already reeognised aad sanotioaed the essential principle ef ihe Land Company . It la _truB that Lord Devon defended his bill on tbe ground , that by limiting the size of tha farms to thirty aores the possible evils of minute subdivision would be avoided ; and that scich is the borrer of ' over population' in the minds of 'hon . members * aad ' noble lord-, ' If any smaller number of acres had baen proposed tbe bill might have experienced gr-ator opposition ; But the prinoiple applies equally to three acres as to thirty ; and after a smalt capitalist bas purchased thirty acres frora the Farmers' Estate Society , we see nothing to prevent bim from afterwards parcelling ont _thase thirty acres Uto as many smaller allotmants as he pleases .
Bat here was the real difference botween' _MrPeargus O'Connor'a bubble Land _Scbaate . * and tbat Of Lord Devon . Tbe one proposed to give the poor man all the bensfitofpnrohasisg tbe land la the wholesale market , the other to put into the pockets of the capitalists the difference between the first east snd the price at which they afterwards sell the land in tht retail market . Thia last is a praotice so completely ia accordance with our present commercial and asurleaa system—based oa the principle of baying in the cheapest and selling in the dearest market—that , of course , it waa certain on tbat ground alone to secure the support of a legislature , to whom the lore ot Mammon has _ererpowercd all other passions .
We observed some time sinoe , that at a meeting ef the Society ia Ireland , Lord Devon gave a cheering acoonat ofthe progress of this movement , and repeated bla anticipations aa to the _banefita it would confer upon Ireland . We find another example , Bearer home , of the adoption and practical application of the principle of the National Lend Company . Tbe committee of the Birmingham Freehold Laad Society have jast issued their report for tbe past year , This society is formed for ths purpose of giving ceonty votts to its members , ia the same way as the _Anrt-Corn Law League did , and hy means ef which thoy swamped the genuine freeholders of several counties by an irruption of voters from distant or neighbouring towns , manufactured expressly for tbe purpose . We give from a free trade aad ' politioal economy ' paper ( he follo * _vlujr abstract of the report ior the past vear : —
1 The Central _Soeloly at Birmingham now numbers 991 members , who own 1 , 442 shares , and subscribe nearly £ 500 a month . They have beea Instrumental ia forming six independent societies , containing 1 , 117 members , ln tbe neighbouring towns ; that at Coventry , containing 294 members , 3 « 0 shares ; Dudley , 118 members , 189 abates ; Stourbridge , 110 members , 145 shares ; Wor . ceiter , 103 members , HO shares ; Wolverhampton , 412 members , 522 _shsres j Stafford , SO member- , 91 _-Wes . Daring the last five months the Birmingham Society has allotted to its members 195 lots of freehold land , situated ia South Staffordshire , Theee lots coat £ 3 , 700 , aad were allotted to the members at ao average cost of £ 19 fer each lot , which will-be repaid in less than five years ,
at le . 61 , per week , Tbe committee have _cowuodertbeir notice the purchase of two eatates , oae ef wbicb , if obtained , will qualify about 40 O members for the northern division of _Warwiobshire , a number teffioient to raise the minority of last eleotion to a majority .. The committee state the secret of the ' r _ancceja in _iffectlng cheap purchases for their members te be this : —they bay the land wholesale , and sell It retail at the wholesale price , The _Aati-Corn Law League bought their qualifications for member * individually , at a price , exclusive of deeds , of from £ 50 to £ 70 . Tlie difference la _effeoted by baying £ 8 , QQQ or Gi , W ) worth of land at onoe , letting thereby twice er three times ss mush land la proportion far the meaey , as by baying £ 20 worth at a time . ' Tbe Editor _ooatloues : —
'Accordingto the present prospect , the Central Society at Birmingham , standing , as it does , on the borders of three counties , will , with tbs aid of the neighbouring towns , be able to seeute three divisions of oounties , What , for instance , need prevent Birmingham and Coventry winning' North Warwick ! ' and' East Worcester ' and' Sooth Stafford' ara as easy of attainment . These ate tha political advantages ; hut _aurely In addition to these , the training of ao many industrious men ia the earnest habit of saving for so good an object , is in itself a resale of great importance . '
Now , waving altogether for the moment , the political qaestion involved ia the attempt of Birmingham aad Coventry to swamp the county constituencies ot' North War-tick , ' 'East Worcester / aud 'South Stafford , ' let ns jast notice how the Politioal Economists and Free Traders can laad the principle of tbe National Land Company when it is made subservient to their purposes . Perbapa it would be impossible in a shorter apace , or ia more perspicuous and forcible terms , to _dtfiua that principle aid practically Illustrate Ha operation and benefits , tban in the _extract ws bave just given : —* Tbe secret of tbe success of thia society in making cheap parebates for Its mtmbers is this : —they buy the land wholesale , and sell it retail at the wholesale price . ' The result la , that theraembera get tbeir allotments at £ 19 , whereat the
Anti-Cora Law League , whioh purchased fadMdt «* % , paid from £ 60 to £ 70 , exclusive of deeds . 'Ths dlf . ference , continues the amiable commentator , Ms effected by buying £ 1 , 000 or £ l , CO _0 worth of land , at onoe , getting thereb y twice or three times sb much land In proportion for tbe money as bujiag £ 20 worth at a Urns , ' How , we * j . u » It to the werking daises of this empire , whether , after this emphatic adoption ofthe prloolple of the National Land Oompany by the legislature for the benefit of tbe capitalists , and by the middle class's for the purpose _* f still further extending the political _infla-( nse of that class , and making it _domiuaut alike over peer and peasant , landlord and labourer—we ask them , whether tbey are prepared to aee this great principle
perverted into a new weapon of offence and aggression in tha bands of the ruling classes , and not use _itaaat first intended by Mr O'Connor f We have seen many institutions eitab . _ished for the benefit of tbe labouring classes lapse into the . hands cf thos * above them , dn consequence of tho apathy and division cf tbose for whom they were originally framed ; but wo can scarcely conceive it possible that after wbat haa been achieved for the sons of industry by the application of this principle , aad . tbis unreserved and open adoption of it by the very class who wera formerly loudest in ita condemnation , tbat it oan occur ln this case . The _labostlsg class most see that those who live upon thtir toll , feel tbat at last tbey have ' hit
The Labourer. Edited By Feargus O'Connor...
the right Bail apon tbe heal . ' At last the day of d «* _Uveraaot from the house of bondage hat dawned for the long eppreiied slaves of capital and maohinery ; and the fear tf the oppressor is , lest they really do arise In their moral , pecuniary , and _aatooiated might , and escape for ever from tht poverty aud misery te which they have hitherto been doomed from Infancy as a _olssi . To all _futnrt _mliripriientstioni ofthe principles and plans of tbe National Laad Company , and of the integrity of its managers , a _triumphaat answer is fun-lined by these faots :-. _tfa 9 honeity with which it is managed has been vouched by a _Parlitmeatary Committee ; Its prinolplo has beea formally adopted by tbe _ltglilature , and gone forth aa law , stamped with the fiat of tke sovereign La Seine deveut ; ' the middle classes have adopted It , as usual , for the promotion of thoir own selfish pur . P l * . v iV bBmlfDlorDm « n <* _^ ver combined , by which the Labourers may _ralie a new social arid politioal system ,
They have , we must repeat in _conolailon , no _ewsuie for not availing themselves of the powers thus _effored , Everything that coald be dene to give _confilence , to in . sure itabUUy , _* and to dispense Justice tvenhanded hai beeu doae . To the working men _| of this empire must be left tbe task of lifting . up tho veil that rests npon the future , and of _dto'diBg ' whetberjIhey will . 'bequeath to posterity a heritage of toil , destitution , and Blavery , or a glorious birthright of political , soda ! , aad iadaitrlal indepoBdencs and freedom , A continuation of the series of articles on ' National Literature , ' and a well-written summary of 'The foreign events ofthe month , ' constitute the remaining contents of this very superior number of the' _iafioMrer . *
Free Trade And Its Supporters. To Tbi Bd...
FREE TRADE AND ITS SUPPORTERS . TO TBI BDIT 0 B OF TBE N 0 BIB 8 BK STAB . Sir—Eight years ago I witnessed a monster loaf attached to ft long pole paraded aboat the streets of this city ( Bristol ) , asd upon that oooasion I heard frequent ejaculations of delight and thanksgiving _esoape from the lips of _oredulous bystanders , who imagined tbat tbe ' good old times' were shortly to become realised . The principal showman upon that occasion , knowing _tbeseoretspringsof vulgar human feeling , touched it in the most ; sensitive part—the stomach ! And many famished stomachs , sir , yearned after that passing mountain of dougb , and would have given worlds for a mouthful of It ; but ah ! it was not made tobe eaten !
Man is a _straige animal , ur , and yet he is a lever one ; and , stranger still , the more evil he displays the more clever he is considered , whilst the moment he assumes to bo virtuous he is looked upon with suspicion , and ib generally persecuted witbout meroy . The evil man grasps all he can , by force or fraud , and endeavours to conserve it , heedless of tho misery he creates—the virtuous msn either seeks to retain hia lawful rights or property , or to re-possess himself of them , and this is his orime , as measured by the present standard of society . His weapons ef . defence against aggression , however varied in theur nature , ate sure to-be objectionable to his _opponent ; if be uses reason it is scoffed at and oalled folly ; if he declaims he is called a" demagogue' and is' gagged '; if he alludes to his brawny limbs beimr wasted by
hunger , he is told he is making allusion to physical force , and then he is * coerced '; and if he in the least winee under the yoke , or very naturally tries to cast it off bis neck , he meets the fate of a convict , and death . and mutilation of bis body is awarded as » _puuishment for his pretensions : tbus is he treated , and , shame to say , the exeoutioners of these atrocities are to be found in tbe ranks of those who paraded the large loaves , and deluded the people with promises of _< Cheap Bread , High Wages , and Plenty to do . ' Well , then , tbe _Loaii'to have failed , and Free Trade _hasbeeome a by-word , to express a state of national misery ; the large loaf has never been out into yet , and _thousaads who were deluded by that false ory aro now numbered amongst the dead , the victims of credulity and starvation . * The men who thus
deceived the people pretend to be their friends , and whilst doing so conspire to persecute them to the death . Just look at the Janus-faced hypocrites _prodaoing a' four point Charter , ' and at the ssme time parading the streets as special constables , and sitting in the jury boxes of the conntry to conviot men for the honest expression of opinion . Foiled upon all hands , defeated by their own weapons , they wage a war of fierce hatred against every man who is bold enough to expose their chicanery , bnt' chiefly againBt Mr O ' _Coanor is their malice concentrated : him , they would exterminate if they dared , but lacking the power , they lavish their filthy abuse upen the man aad tbe principles which he advocates . Take the mask tfftbese men , asd wbat are tbey ? Chartists , Radioals . or Philanthropists ? neither one nor
the other , but a set of profit-mongers on the one hand , who live upon the labour ofthe poor , and a few drivelling aristocrats who are too poer to be classed with their more wealthy fraternity , and too rich to become honest advocates of the people , but yet are mean enough , when it suits their interests , to solioit the vote and _itfluence of the humble individuals whom they affect to despise . One of the latter etas ia a Member of Parliament for Bristol * and he is familiarly ealled a' Radical ! ' Ecce Homo J A _Rtdical I Why Hume and his Radicals had , as Mr O'Connor says , ' a four-legged animal to ride upon , ' bat oh ** Radical has only one—and any goose ean stand upon one leg sb well aa tbe Hon . F . H . F . Berkeley . The BaWot ia his leg political , snd he fancies v-itb . this tump he ean tread upon tbs toes of hi ? neighbours
with impunity . Mr Berkeley likens Mr O'Connor and Chartism to ' Jack Cade and ruffianism . ' The Phartists he denominates as bull-dogs and filthy wretches , and in this strain be lavishes his vituperation and slander on them—but it must be remembered that'Mr Berkeley delivered himself of these elegant expressions at a Crown and Anchor 'gazs ' e and swill ' meeting , and nnder a ptculiar degree of exoitement , The Bristol Mercury does not inform ua whether the hon . gentleman had been washing down his 1 green fat' with potations of small beer- or Madeira , or how many bottles of Champagne he had broached —but , judging from the length of his reported address and the Bty Ie of his diction , it may be fairly presumed that he had arrived at that happy Btate in which he felt the caceeth . es loquendi irresistible , and in pity to him I will draw a veil over many little political
matters which might ba very instructive if written , bat would oot be quite so edifying . Mr Berkeley is simply a' Berkeley ' . ' one of the * happy family * of the Berkeleys , and as such we will leave him to his _oogitations , and perhaps when he cools he will become wiser . I am _rejeiced , sir , that Charteh is Hot _Dbad ! nor frightened either , and 1 have hopes tbat ere long the' wretches * who denounce and persecute its honest defenders , will be compelled to -acknowledge its influence , aod submit to it as the arbiter of their deatiny—a consummation to be obtained by the exercise of reason , perseverance , and energy . Let us unite , then , snd work together , and let our motto be , aa of old , ' The Charter and No Surrender 1 ' I am , Sir , in the oause of Might against Right , Your moat obedient servant , W . H . Cinnorr .
The Chartist Organisation. To Thk Jditob...
THE CHARTIST ORGANISATION . TO THK JDITOB 07 THE _NOBTHJBK STAB . Sir , —The Yarmouth branoh o ! the National Chartist Association feel it their duty to return their sincere and heartfelt thanks for the able , praiseworthy , and energetic manner in whieh the _Execu tive bave eefc abont efisotiug a new organisation , and may their labour bo orowned with success , is , and should be , the response of every good and _sterlisg _denucrat . Let' the Charter and no surrender' be the watchword , until tbat document bectmes the law of the land ; We , the Chartists of tbis town , will raise tho standard in thia locality , ahd give to you all the support in our power , and we atk in return tbe assistance we merit , so that the truths of political liberty may thine forth in dazzling brightness , and drive our class-made enemies into the ranks of true democracy . On behalf of the Yarmouth Chartists , C . W . HaRBison , secretary .
Nbw Liberal Birmikouam Joubkai. —We Unde...
Nbw Liberal _BirmiKOUAM Joubkai . —We understand that a new Birmingham paper is about to appear under the . management of Mr George _Diirson , and other gentlemen of his shade of Liberalism , It is to be entitled tbe Birmingham Mercurt . ' Demo * crsey , ' say the editors in their prospectus , ' tbey lore ; for a true ttemooraoy they will strive * . with _Novalis , they believe that * the Christian religion is the root of alt democracy : ' with Carlyle , that democracy is inevitable : printing , ' says the latter , '
which comes necessarily out of writing , I say often , iB _touivalont to democracy ; invent writing , democracy is inevitable . ' We are further told that tbe Msrcorv . ' will advocate Extension of the Suffrage to aU men of full age , and tbe other measures needed to secure full representation aod pure election . ' Wa foresee that the new paper » not likely to be deep enough in tht colour for onr taste ; bat we expeot to find it ably conducted , and we hope to see it supersede the rotten Whig Journal , the mere existence of which is a disgrace to Radical Birmingham .
A _Cohstant Lovbr —An old townsman , reduced in circumstances , hss recently become a man of wealth . In his youthful days he formed an attachment with a lady , whe , owing to circumstances not within our knowledge , became the wae of aa American emigrant . They prospered in Worldly pursuits , and he many years afterwards died , leaving her in possession of his property . _Meanwhileour townsman _bmrneMiooesaivaiy the husband of tno ladies , both of whom died . The faot of his being a widower reaching the ears of his transatlantic first _le-ve , she commissioned a friend oomjog to England to deliver him a lettor , stating her circumstances , and expressing a desire that he Bhould a third time be bound in the- bonds of matrimony . The widower replied to a letter , and by return of packet received front the widow a ohecqueto defray the expenses of his voyage to America , whither he at onoe departed ; and his son , new living at Brighton , has just received a letter , stating that the widower and widow have become fc : _* »&} aad * ffifo ,-. _Brifffoe » Game ,
Mitttit&E
_mitttit & e
Voitair-'A Flonw.—Voltaire's House At Fe...
_VoitAiR- ' a _flonw . —Voltaire ' s house at Ferney has just been sold . Marmont and Senlt are the only survivors of Napoleon ' s marshals , . The Egyptian government have issued an order forbidding women to wit at funerals , or to _tescrt to the burial grounds . , _r . , „ A large labnrnam tree is at present in full bloom at Mr « Porter's , _Labumam Lodge , county Wexford . Robbery . —Patrick Jordan , a Roscommon cattle dealer , was robbed of £ 328 the Other day after landing from England . _ Immbssb _}* ia . —An innkeeper living near Cookeaton , Yorkshire , possesses a pig eighteen . months old , wbioh already weighs 8821 _bs . A Wbwe Jackdaw --A milk-white jackdaw has lately beon seen in the neighbourhood of the Cheddw _oliffi _) , in Somersetshire .
The Bankrupt Middlb Cuss . —During the _paBfi year 800 London bakers bave been reduced to a state of insolvency . _PbhaityIopa _Bribs . —A Liverpool Bbipmatat has been fined £ 50 for offering a bribe to a custom * house officer . _Apjeciness or Spirit . —Nothing shows greater abjeotness ef spirit than a haughty demeanour * _, _tswards inferiors . A Bbight Lad . —There is a boy in Salem so bright that his mother has to look at bim through a piece of smoked _glass _.-ifett- York Paper . _Dbuoouatio _Womsn . —The ladies are very busy throughout France in organising democratic and social banquets en their own account . The eminent Sculptor _Lude / ig von Schwanthaler expired on the Uth instant at Munich , in his 47 th
year . England ' s _StrsM op Chariiy . —We are told by the advertisements that' TheAsyJnm fer Distressed Sewers is always open . ' The asylum surely must ba the Thames . Thb Cholrra . —The coldness of the weather haa * delivered Hamburg from cholera . The mortality has entirely ceased . We begin to lore people when they let us look into their hearts , and their hoarte are worth looking into . Music—If you wonld like a tune or two at dinner tell your wife she is not so _haadsime as the lady across the way _.
_ScnsTiiuti for Buiibr . —A man down East had invented yellow spectacles , for making lard look like butter . They ara a great expense , if worn while eating . Thb _BASKScrT _So . uiRHARCHr . _—Twenty-aix hunting establishments have been given np in the south of Ireland , owing to the poverty of tbeir owners .- — Wexford Independent , _Dusluno ik Paris . —Three duels have recently been fought between members of the French National Assembly , arising out of party disputes . Ono frasty morning last week seventy larks wera destroyed by the electric vires on the Whitehaven
Junction Railway , Ancibki Ubns , —Some workmen , in digging foe gravel , near _Colobester , the other day , discovered over twenty urns filled with _oinsrated bones and earth , and near them a small tomb . We ( Daily News ) could point to one ohurch not many miles from Guildhall , London , iu whieh thera are as many as five lecturers appointed , who preach to congregations varying in number from five to thirteen . Thi _STHTsu . —Sixty-four Irish _eonvicte were sent over last week to Portsmouth to be employ od at hard labour on the breakwater constructing at Portland roads .
Ths Poor Rate . —The poor rate in the parish ol Dundee haa been fixed for the ensuing year at £ 9 , 000 . The assessment is levied on means and substance . _Necbsbabt _QmlificatiosB . —To Write a good hand , wear a good coat , and keep a good charaoter * are the three great requisites for a young man who has hie own way to make in tha world . _Evioibd Tsnants . — -In the distriot of _Castle-con > _nell , a bouse belonging to Sir Riohard de Burghs , from whioh tenants had been previously evicted , was burned down on Friday night . In the days of the' good old Poor Law , ' there wai a riot in Windsor workhouse , beoause the governoe wonld not allow the female paupers to wear their jewels . Railways . —Throughout all British America thera da not exist twenty miles of railway—inthe United States , next door to it , there are some 8 000 .
TraHsmKG ihb Alps . —A continental engineer , Man , has got a machine for tunnelling the Alps . He calculates on piercing _MontiCenisin three years —working on both sides . Nbw Yobs —There aro said to be annually mora diseases of the eye in the city of New York alone , than are to be fonnd all over Europe- This is aitri _» butable to the climate . Singular Death .-A few days ago , a Mrs Moody , of Ramsey , Isle of Man , died of the pricking of her tongue by an eel bone , while at dinner , whieh caused mortification .
Flatibrt . —An ezquiaite instance of flattery is related of a maid of honour in Franoe , who , home asked by the Qaeen what o ' clook It was , anBwered , ' What your Majesty pleases . ' Emimukon . —The latest American papers mention that , within two days , 6 , 300 European emigrants landed in New York , where so great a number never before arrived within so short a time . Heirs of Paul Jones . —The heirs ef Paul Jones ' , the pirate rover , who died iu Paris in 1792 , are called upon to present their claim as such to 50 , 000-dollars , a grant of the American congress , in testimony of their first commodore . Sooldiko Wrvis . —Scolding is the pepper of matrimony . The ladies are the pepper boxes .
A little scolding , now aad then , Is relished by tbe bast of men . Beggars hot Choosirs . —A beggar boy _nfJtde application to a farmer ' s wife in Scotland for relief , and was refused , on the ground . that she' had no copper ;' to which the urcnin very accommodatingly responded , ' I tak' siller , mem . ' _Fihst Leva . —The conversation at Holland Housa turned upon first love- Tom Moore compared it to a potato , ' because it shoots from the eyes . ' ' Or rather , ' exclaimed Byron , ' beoause it becomes tha _lessbyjjarMio . ' 'A couple of Belgian giants , ' says the Cincisnati Gi / be , * are now in the city for the purpose of exhibition . They are so long that it takes two days to exhibit them . ' ; . Sooth _Shiblos . —The large _marine-ensrine building and iron-ship building works of Mr T . D . Marshall stopped on Saturday . The liabilities are above £ 21000 , and it is expeoted the estate will divide 10 _j . in the pound .
Awful Sudden Death—On Tuesday week last . as a respectable farmer ' s wife , named _Prendcrgast was standing in a baker ' s shop in Lismore , snd in tha act of tying up seme bread , she dropped quite dead , without uttering a word , or without having previously complained of any illness . _Passinobrs' Railwat _Luaoion .-It was _late ' y decided in the Bath County Court that , by a _by-law of the , Great Western Railway , allowed by the judge , any passenger ' s luggage must bo hooked and paid for to entitle him to charge the company with its Ion . A SucGem ' _a Epitaph . —A sailor engaged in the contraband trade , having been shot by an exciseman , his epitaph was thus written : — Here I lies ,
KiltbytheX , rs !* Charge _pf au AuEmcAN _Junoi' . —Mr Sheriff , bring tbem men here I This is the temple of libfrtj—the sanctuary ct justioe— -aod it shall not be prefaced by the cracking of nuts and the eating of gingerbread . Tbe royal banks of Berlin and Breslau have teen depositing their reserves of gold and silver bullion ia the fortress of Magdeburg where they will bs in greater Bafety in case bf a surprise . The removals were made by sight trainB on the Berlin and Cologne Railway . M , Cave , the eminent Frn > cu engineer , announces that he has ascertained tbat a number of small cafe blocks , thrown into steam boilers , has the effeot oi completely preventing incruB ' a'ion , and that it ia quite sufficient to renew them about twice a fortmeat .
It is remarkable that the Frenoh , with all their supposed passionate love of liberty , never utter a word of complaint _agabst their conscription _Bvstem , their police espionage , or their law of pauper ' sthree of the moat grinding engines of tyranny that can be conceived . _Ratbxbalb Fair . — -Rathkeale fair was held on _Moaday week , but few beasts exchanged owners , atd at low prices . Mr Sullivan bought ten frcm Mr Keating at £ 15 ; Mr Connel ' y _bought fifteen froth Mr P . Keating , asd ten frem Mr M . _Keatiogat j _611 . He had also bought fifty frora Mr James Shine , at hu large farm near Rathkeale , at £ 12 12 s each .
Sheep and horses were in demand ; good mutton could be bought at _fonrpenoe per lb . A _SccosatFci . Warming . —A oountiy gardener , who had threatened thievish boyB with' spring _budb , ' and ' man-traps , ' in vain , at length tried— 'Whoever ia found trespassing in this erobard shall be _spacifim tattd ! ' and was _miccesaful . None of the urchins would run the riek of learning what it waa to be _spaoitloated ! Vbrt Good . —Thecdore Hook enoe dined with Mr Hatchet . * Ab _, my dear follow , ' said his host depreoatingly , ' I am sorry to say , yoa will cot get _to-dey such a dinner as our friend Tom Moore gave ur / 'Certainly not , ' replied Hook , frem a Hatchet one can expect nothing but a ohop . '
lK 0 RBA _* it op National _Expbndiiurk . —In twelve years , during which we have continued to enjoy uninterrupted peace , tho expenditure haa increased nearly £ 10 _. 50 O , 000-an increase of £ 4000000 _havin g taken place in the last three years alone ; that be * 7 600 , 000 saved _twenty years ago have again been swallowed up , with au addition of £ 3 , 000 _, 0 * JO _bmbl _^ _IlefwtnrfsAlmm _^ _form , !
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 9, 1848, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_09121848/page/3/
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