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4 THE NORTHERN STAR ^
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so crorrevraottoeittti
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Mn. Ambrose Tommnson writes as follows:—...
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NATIONAL THANKSGIVING FOR THE CESSATION ...
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I beg to announce to my Nottingham frien...
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THE IOKTHEBI STAR SATURDAY. NOVEMBER 10, 1849.
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COLONIAL MISRULE : CANADIAN ANNEXATION T...
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REDUNDANT POPULATION. "There are too man...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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4 The Northern Star ^
4 THE NORTHERN STAR _^
1 _NOTEMBER 10 , 1849 .
Ad00409
mODOOKS PUBLISHE D AND SOLD LU V by J . _tYATSOX , 3 , Queen ' s _Head-passace Paternoster-row . ' Jus Just published , 2 nd Edition for the Million in 2 l 2 mol 2 mo ., 313 pages , closely printed , price 2 % .. bound nin elm cloth : AMERICA COMPARED WITH EXG" _.. LAXtAXD . The respective Eocial effect * of tbe " _wAmeAmiaiKm and "English systems of Government and LLegiiLegislation , and the Mission of Democracy . Bv R . _VYf . IW . Russell , of Cincinati _, United States , councillor _i'atlaatlavf . Tl This work explains the Institutions and tbe Laws oof tt of the United States—shows the actual condition of sail call classes of the people , - whether natives or _emig graigrants _, and contains an Abstract and Review ofthe iprinprincipal English works on that country . Tt This is an admirable book—Wettty Dispatch . It It contains elaborate matter of practical value . —Spirit
Ad00410
POPULAR POLITICS AND HISTORY . Sowready , and maybe procured of all booksellers and venders of cheap periodicals , price only O . ne Pesst , No . I . of _REYNOLDS'S POLITICAL INSTRUCTOR : Edited bt G . W . M . REYNOLDS , Author of the First and Second Series of 'The Mysteries of London , ' 'TnE Mvstebies ofthe Cocbtof Loxdos , " 'FiosT , ' 'TiieCosul _Islako , " The Bronze Statue , ' he ., ic . ic .
Ad00411
TUE _CHEATEST EDITIOS _EYEK _rOELISHD ) . Trice Is . 6 d ., A new and elegant edition , with Steel _Tlate of the Author , of _PAIHE'S POLITICAL WORKS . Now Ready , a New Edition ol Mr . O'CONNOR'S WORK OK SMALL FARMS Sold by J ; Watson , Queen ' s Head Passage , Paternoster row , London ; a . Heywood , Oldham-strcet , Manchester , and Love and Co ., 5 , Nelson-street , Glasgow . And b \ all Booksellers in _Towa and Country .
Ad00412
CHOLERA . Just published , at top of _Bottle-bauk , Gateshead , Price 3 d ., bypost Cd ., T . BELL'S TREATMENT of CHOLERA J containing all the Prescriptions of the Treatment and Directions , flhe Basis Colchicum . ) The following is a copy of a testimonial advertised by tb . 0 Men of Seaton Delaval Colliery , as a public duty : — 'During a number of weeks we have been visited , to a serious extent with that awful disease Cholera ; and , although in many cases it has proved fatal , we feel assured that it must have been incalculably , mote so but for the valuable powders supplied by Mr . Bell . The effect of this medicine has been truly astonishing ; so much so , that in many cases it has effectually arrested the progress of this virulent disease .
Ad00413
RUPTURES EFFECTUALLY CUilED WITHOUT A TRUSS ! EVERT variety of SINGLE and DOUBLE RUPTURE , however bad and long standing , may be permanently cured by Dr . BARKER'S remedy , which has been established several years , and used with great success by many eminent members ofthe profession , that its efficacy is established beyond a doubt It is easy and painless in use , and applicable to both sexes of all ages . Hundreds of testimonials and trusses have been left behind by persons _cm-ed , as trophies of the immense success of this _remedy , which Dr . Barker will willingly give to any requiring tliem after a trial of it . the remedy is sent post tree on receipt of Cs . in postage stamps , or by post-office order , by Dr . ALFRED BARKER , 108 , Great Uussell-street , Bloomsbury-squnre , London , where he may be consulted daily from W till 1 , mornings ; 4 till S evenings ( Sundays excepted . ) Orders payable at the Bloouisbury Office , and all letters of inquiry must enclose a stamp anil directed envelope for the reply . la
Ad00414
PACfS IS TIIE BACK , GRAVEL , LUMBAGO , ! STRICTURES , DEBILITY , Ac . ONE trial only will prove the value of DE HOOS' celebrated COMPOUND RESAL PILLS , for speedily curing all kinds of pains in the back , stricture , ' diseases ofthe bladder , kidneys , and urinary oigansgenerally , whether resulting from imprudence or otherwise . They have never been known to fail , and may be obtained of all respectable Medicine Vendors . Price Is . lid ., 2 s . 9 d „ and 4 s . Cd ., per box ., or will be sent free oil receipt ot the pr ice in postage stamps , by Dr . Delloos . Full directions enclosed . A considerable saving _eft ' ecttd in taking tlie huger boxes . Authentic Testimonials . —Mr . T . Parry , Ruthin , writes : " Send me a * 2 s . ad . box for a friend ; the one I had has quite cured mc . " —Mr . King , Aylesbury : "They arc a perfect blessing , I have not been so easy for years . " The late Dr . Hope : ' I can strongly recommend your Renal PlUs having tried them in very many instances with most gratifying results , and sincerely hope they will be largely patronised , as they deserve to be . " urin np np nftftS' _CELJiBHATED _WOHK .
Ad00415
RTJPTUKES EFFECTUALLY CURED ¦ _wrrnoDT a truss i—dr . _walter de roos , 1 , Ely-place , Ilolborn-hill , London , still continues to supply the afflicted with his celebrated cure for Single or Double Ruptures , the efficacy of which is now too Well established tO IlCed COmnient It is easy in application , causes no inconvenience , and will be sent free on receipt of 6 s . Cd ., by Post-office order , or Cash . Hundred of Trusses hare been left behind by persons cured , as trophies of his immense success , which he will readily give to those who like to wear them after a trial of this remedy . Hours . —10 till 1 ; and 4 till S—( Sunday eicepfced . ) Rev . 11 . Walcott , IfighamFerrars , writes : — "Hieperson for whom you scut your remedy is quite cured , and you will be good enough to send me two more , for others . " , . Extract from the Medical Cazelte and Times . — ' Fortunately for our country , a remedy for this deplorable evil is at last found , and we bail the time as not far distant , when such a thing as Rupture shall be comparatively unheard of , we hope every person so afflicted will avail _themselves of Dr . l ) c Roos ' s skill . ' A ' . B . —Post Office orders payable at tiie Holborn office . — All letters of enquiry must contain two stamps for prepayment , _« tc .
Ad00416
_BUPTuil lifcS _Jil ' _JbJiUx'UALLl _LUKUU WITHOUT A truss : j—The extraordinary success of Dr . GUTHHEY'S remedy for all varieties of Single and Double Rupture , is without a parallel iu the histovy of medicine . It is easy and painless in use , and applicable to both sexes of all ages . The remedy is sent free bypost on receipt of a post-otSce Order , ( payable at Gray _' s-inn-road office ; , for 6 s ., or cash , by Dr . Henry Guthrie , * G Amptonstrect , Gray ' s-inn-road , London , In every case , however bad , or long standing , a cure is guaranteed . Hundreds of trusses and testimonials , have been left iehind by persons cured by this remedy . . AcmESTic _zvmicre . t . \ 'D ow . vio . vs . " We have witnessed the care of three cases of Hernia bv Dr . Guthrey ' s treatment ; our previous notices of the success of this remedy , leave no doubt of its applicability to every one . "—ifedicul Journal , Xov . 6 , 1819 . _» Ithas succeeded beyond expectation tn the cases I used it for—da you Hunk it advisable to make me « o " e _.-gent for _tiiis locality . ' '—Henry Rhodes , Surgeon , Pl ymouth Consultation free .
Ad00417
LUXURIANT . HAIR , WHISKERS , & o . . O _' _RTNILEiN 'E is the only-Preparation that can really be relied upon for the RESTORATION of the _HAiRin Baldness from any cause , preventing the Hair _SlinToff . streng thening weakhair , < tc ., and the production _^^ _^ _rai « i . « n »» _' _^ tJ » . _- * M *« _7 , , * al in a few _n _* nks with the utmost , certainty . It is an _clega 1 _" ' _? _ip / nted preparation , and sufficient for three months ' use _SnbesentWon receipt of twenty-four postage stamps by Miss _DEAU , W 8 , Great _Russell-street , Moomsburysquare , h A 0 TnEOTre testmomas . Dr Thompsen says : — 'Itis a beautiful preparation , and _rtnonlv one I can recommend ; all the others advertised , _Snt i have seen are disgraceful impositions . I wish It MUU' A «« ' _* ' 5 - . o _jm <) 6 _Ehmt ' Truro , says : ' It has succeeded , after all the ntw _nrenarafionshad failed . ' Professor Ure , on analysing the Crinilene says- : " It is twrfectlv free frora any injurious colouring or other _mTtter and the best stimulant for the hair I have met with The scent is delicate , and very persistent . "
Ad00418
« ALL OUR KNOWLEDGE IS OURSELVES TO MOW . " MISS GEAHAM CONTINUES WITH extraordinary success to delineate persons characters from their handwriting , pointing out gifts , defects , talents , tastes affections , & c . and many other things hitherto unsuspected . . Persons desirous of knowing themselves must address a letter stating sex and age , and enclosing thirteen postage stamps , to Miss Ellen Graham , 6 , Ampton-strcet , Gray ' s Inn Road , London , and they will receive an answer in two days . The thousands of testimonials Sliss & .. has received since she first commenced the practice of GRAphiology three years ago , establishes the accuracy ot her system beyond all doubt .
Ad00419
_W READ _MAZZUSTS MAGNIFICENT MANIFESTO IN DEFENCE OF TIIE ROMAS REPUBLIC !
So Crorrevraottoeittti
so _crorrevraottoeittti
Mn. Ambrose Tommnson Writes As Follows:—...
Mn . Ambrose Tommnson writes as follows : —In the Stab , of October 27 th , you stated that the Kirkdale Scholars had left their Collegiate Establishment without deeming it worth while sending you a line of information about their liberation , jou will , perhaps , think it more curious if we , who have been trained for the by-gone sixteen months in Wakefield College , should also remain silent after our liberation ; I therefore forward a list ofthe names of those of my fellow-sufferers liberated with myself : —Ambrose Tomlinson , John Connor , Francis Vicary , Isaiah Heaton , James Down , William VVinterbnrn , Thomas Fell , Nathaniel Frith , Andrew BeanUlIld , Will . Smith . AU tlie above have served sixteen months , AS for myself I was liberated in good health , but I feel very weak . I am still a Chartist , and firmly believe that it is as possible to annihilate the material universe itself as to cxtinKuish that love of liberty , and hatred of misrule ,
which glows in the bosom of every good man . I have received as good an education in the school of oppression as an unnatural parent could bestow upon me ; and I think . Mr . Editor , that I would be truly ungrateful if I did not give tliem the benefit of what I have been taught . My persecutors snapped all the tics of friendship asunder ; they placed manacles upou my hands , —dragged me from the workshop , —deprived me of all domestic comfort and social converse ; they have robbed mc of sixteen months of my life ; . I have had the insults , the sneering ; and scorn of prison officials , —the jeers of those who were the worst of characters , —but I hopr to live to see , and hasten the day , when I can return some of tlieir compliments . _—Amiiuose _Tomlin-sos . P . S . —If au ' y of my old friends wish to communicate with me they must address for me at Mr . Wray ' s / l _' empcranceHoteliviul Commercial Rooms . Briggatc , Leeds .
Since the above was in typo we learn that fourteen persons have been liberated . Their names , in addition to those given above , are Daniel _Alcoyd _, Edward Power , John Smith , and — Tomkins of Sauulcwoitb . The three last named were bound over to keep the peace for twelve months , themselves in fifty pounds each , and two sureties in tireuty-five ' _ponndg each . On Monday last , a democratic . entertainment was given in the Odd Fellows Hall in honour of their liberation . Mr . tt . _Faiueigh _, Barnstaple . —The Ss . for the Victim Fund was duly received , but too late to be inserted in the list published on the 27 th nit . If jou refer to the list inserted iu the Star , of Saturday last , you will find it acknowledged . It would be too great a tax upon my time and pocket , tc acknowledge every donation by letter . If you had perused the account of receipts in last week ' s paper you would have seen it had not been omitted . Long strings of names are frequently sent along with tho subscriptions—these are not published for two reasons : — Virsf- - — the amount sometimes sent therewith would not
pay for the composition . Secondly : —our sheet must contain other matter hi addition to accounts of monies received . —Wm . _Rioeh . J . Sweet , Nottinghain _. acknowlcdges the receipt of the following sums ( sent herewith ) viz .: —For Victim Fund-Mr . Wild 2 d . ; Mr . Tomlinson 2 d . —For Chartist Executive—Mr . Biirg ' mC . ; Mr . Wild 2 . A . B ., Scouniigburn . —Received . Mr . S . Wiooor , _Addingham . —Six copies have been sent to J . W . since Inst _rcmitfcincc , for which the stamps you enclose will pay . W . J ., Thorpe Hall , —Yes . Mr . J . Mitchell , Jarrow . —Right Mr . J . llKSttiis , 17 , Portland-street . Cheltenham , wishes to know the address of ; George White , late a prisoner in Kirkdale . Mr . T . IIarver , Woodhouse , —Received . Mr . W . HiBLUR , Christ Church . —The Advertisement would be charged 4 s . 6 d ., payment in advance . Keswick . —The letter from the Newcastle Guardian is both
out of date and uot sufficiently explanatory . A brief , clearly-written , and authenticated statement of grievances , if forwarded , shall have insertion . G . Cavil . —Received . Shall be attended to . The late Kiukdale Prisoners . —Thomas Oimesher , Manchester , acknowledges the following sums for the debt contracted for the support of the kite Kirkdale prisoners _.-—Rodmordcn , per It . Barker ( is . Gd . ; Prestwich _, Roodenlane , and _Pilkington , per T . Doodson 12 s , ; for thc families ofthe late Kirkdale prisoners , Preston , per J . Brown 2 s . 9 d . The Monument to the _Memorf of tiie Victims , Williams and SiiABP . ~ Mr . Thomas Brown informes us that the
monument to the memory oi tho above victim s , and also to that of Henry Hansard , who met his death through the brutality of the police , is being built by Mr . Walter Coxe , late of Nottingham , but now of 43 , _SOWard-Street , Go & weU-stveet The following description of tho structure ( ivliieh is in an advanced stage of completion ) may be read with interest by our readers : —Th e monument will be of the best Portland stone , and painted , gratuitously by Messrs . Bolton and Gevravd , of Somers-town . The height will be eight feet , two feet rise at the base with a taper shaft for inscriptions . The neck of the cap will bear emblematical designs , aud the top will be surmounted with a Cap of Liberty .
Drawings of the monument may be seen at 2 S . Goldenlane . The charge for building being extremely moderate induced the Criplegate locality to erect this structure to the memory of those victims , in hopes that the undertaking would meet with assistance from the Chartist body generally . Subscriptions can be sent to the Land Office I > cr Mr . Boonham ; Mr . Rider , Star Office ; and to Tho « Brown , secretary , 2 S , Golden-lane , who will be happy to furnish any infrnmation required . Inscriptions _wjjl also be received at _Goldcn-lane , and decided by the committee . Isaac _Wilsos . —The publication of your letter , it appears to us would do no good . The acts Of till ! HOW association will be it- best defence and best recommendation to the trades . John _Peakcev-Wc have no room for your communication The party ought to have been reported to the police commissioners . James Lowe , Dundee . —We had no notice of James Gow ' s death uutil we received your communication , which con tains no dates . Send the day of his death , age , and
_ARErraucAx . -Thcwork is published at 8 s ., or Cs bv Churchill , Princes-street , Soho , London . * _DoscASTEB—At the recent Munici pal _Elections the work ing classes succeeded iu electing Mr . Snowdcn Smith _, waite , butcher , and Mr James Aldred , _ironmonger greatly to thecharginof the nobs and snobs of that fnwii ' Wm . _TAi-L _OB-Onc night , then , >„ ti „ the banns and lod " e in the parish until they are published three times A Chariot , Benrick .-The portraits can be sent bv nost _oreiu _; osed ma bookseller ' s parcel . The cost _ut _' S we mil communicate hy letter if furnish us « Wi your name and address .
Mn. Ambrose Tommnson Writes As Follows:—...
_Z _^ Zm _** s > and WM * AxoM - answer legal questions . tne « hartist public meetings , Ws and Mr . P . J . O'Brien ' s Letter .
National Thanksgiving For The Cessation ...
NATIONAL THANKSGIVING FOR THE CESSATION OF CHOLERA . As Thursday next has been named as a day of rest and _thanksgiving for the cessation ot that scourge , the Choleva-and as we are sot quite certain thatthe ceremony will be performed as it oug ht to he-it is our intention , in our next number , to publish a Borm ot Prayer , to be offered up by the People , asthe means of relieving them from a more awful pestilence .
I Beg To Announce To My Nottingham Frien...
I beg to announce to my Nottingham friends that I have been twice at the Home Office , to present their Memorial for the release of political prisoners , but that Sir Geor e Gre was not in town upon either occasion , nor could any of thc messengers or officials tell me when he would be , so that the del & y has not been my fault . Feargus O'Connor .
- NOTICE . The Papers of several of our Agents are stopped this week . They are stopped because the Agents will not pay : Agents who bave repeatedly promised to pay . Subscribers who are disappointed will know who to blame . The charge for the " Star" is 5 s . 6 d . per Quarter ; any one sending that amount to the Office will have thc paper regularly posted .
The Iokthebi Star Saturday. November 10, 1849.
THE IOKTHEBI STAR SATURDAY . NOVEMBER 10 , 1849 .
Colonial Misrule : Canadian Annexation T...
COLONIAL MISRULE : CANADIAN ANNEXATION TO THE UNITED STATES .
The absorption of our Canadian provinces into the great North American Federation , has been regarded by all reflecting persons as an event certain to take place . The only question was as to the time when we might write it down as uti fait accompli , and tbat is likely soon to receive an answer . It - would be going too far to say that the recent legislation of the Imperial Parliament , with reference to the corn laws and commercial tariffs , Avill be the sole cause of the separation of Canada from the mother country , but there can be no doubt it will hasten it . However much Free
Trade may be suited to develope the resources of Canada , if it Avas an independent State , in connexion with thc Transatlantic Federated _"RepviWics , it is wholly destructive to its interests as a dependent colony . The British Parliament , by taking away protection , severed the sole remaining bond Avhich attached the colony to this country ; and the cry for annexation to the United States is raised , not by the Radicals , nor thc French Canadian party , who may have au old antipathy to British and monarchical rulo , but by the Tories—the heretofore ultra loyalists , npon whom tho Home Government mainly dcpoiidcd for the maintenance of our rulo in our North American
dependencies . The document in which the reasons are set forth for the annexation of Canada to the States , is altogether a remarkable ono . Even the " Times , " thc organ of the Colonial Office , was compelled , in its first commentary , to speak of it in the following terms : — * ' It is neither inspired by vindictiveness nor fraught with violence . It is earnest in its tone , but its earnestness partakes of the character of deliberativeness . " And having thus characterised it , the leading journal says that it is entitled to " a patient , aud even respectful attention at
our hands . " Tho whole tone of tho subsequent remarks is in the same key . Instead of bursting into a fit of loyal anger at the idea of a dismemberment of this mighty empire being coolly promulgated by a largo and influential party , the Ministerial organ calmly admits thc propriety of the course pursued by the party which has issued the document , in the abstract , if not in tho concrete . Tlie Annexationists " simply advise separation from England , as they suggest annexation to the United States , from the motives by which communities , not less than individuals , are impelled—motives of self-interest and self-advancement . "
This admission—in connexion with some of the reasons urged by the colonists—is certainly an extremely damaging one for monarchy , and the palliation—if not justification —of the conduct of tlie Annexationists , suggested by the " Timet , " applies , mutatis miltmidis , to large bodies of people at home , who consider themselves quite as ill-used at home by Monarchical Institutions , as tho Canadians do on the other side of the Atlantic . Here , also , comparisons are made between the cheap Government of a Republic and the dear one of a Monarchy . Here the light taxation of the United States is contrasted with the
enormous burdens imposed by a luxurious and splendid Court—the preposterously large Salaries paid to all hi gh State officers and an overgrown War Establishment . On every side we see placemen , pensioners , and "dead-weight " blood-suckers fastened upon the peoplo , and extracting from their toil the means of living in comfort , if not in splendour ; while those whose labours create all the wealth arc treated in the disgraceful and inhuman manner revealed by the correspondents ofthe " Morning Chronicle" in their Letters on "Labour and the Poor "
We very much doubt , however , whether a document embodying thc grievances of thc toiling millions at home , and the reasons wliy they should have a cheap and responsible , instead of a dear and practically irresponsible Government , would he treated with equal deference and respect by the " Times" or its masters . Ernest Jones and his co-patriots are in prison at this moment , for endeavouring to secure for the people such a voice in their own House , as would hav e given at least a chance of securing these , two objects . The Montreal Annexationists are treated with
" patient and respectful attention "—not because they are less rebels against aristocratical domination , and our good old Institutions , " but simpl y because they are wealth y and powerful . Your bull y is always a coward . It is true that , in a subsequent article , thc " Times "—having received further instructions from the Colonial Office—blustered and threatened ; but it only made the matter worse . The craven fears—the empty "bragoudocio—the frantic threats of the second Manifesto , proclaimed still more unmistakcably the real nature of the bull y ; and , as far as the present Cabinet tiro concerned , must have
given every encouragement to the Canadian Annexationists to carry out the policy thev have so boldl y , so firml y , so consistently outlincd . m then- address . For our own part , WC candidl y confers , that we should be very happy to see the whole of our costl y oppressive , and oligarchial colonial system destroyed . In every direction the . same complaints of its tyrannous , mischievous . character
unjust , arc heard . Thc West Inches , Ceylon , Cephalonia , the Capo of Good Hope , Australia , aud New Zealand , echo in one shape or another , the deep discontent of the Canadian colonist . They all foci that they are exiled from the privileges of the home citizen , however few or - unattainable those may he to the great mass of the home _comman-ty . They are _nobodies-without station , voice , or influence iu thc empire of which they form a part . Their comp laints and grievances have no lair hearing from the Imperial Legis-
Colonial Misrule : Canadian Annexation T...
lature , and are only ridiculed or "J _^*^ the officials to whom they are _f _™ f _£ _™ ferred . _Downing-street _sways the r destiny , _andDowning-strletis profoundly _W . _£ the details Ind practical know edge _leqmsvte for governing them aright . _. AMthat-i « JM at is to make them subservient to the aristocratical interest . The colonies are retain _^ because they offer " fresh fields and pasture new" for tho herd of needy nobles and youngei home
sons who cannot be " grazed" at . Swarms of officials , possessingno other eartniy qualification than poverty and " family influence " alight upon them , and devour every green thing . In Jamaica the colonists have turned restive , and demanded that these locusts shall consume less , seeing that protection has lessened the value of property-and Downing-street refuses the demand . Itather than concede , the whole of the Governmental machinery is thrown out of gear , and the colnnists are threatened with anarchy it they
will not submit to extortion . In Cey lon it is the same . At the Cape the colonists and i _, _arl Gre are at arms' length on the subject ot convict importation into the colony-and , indeed , everywhere the signs of disaffection and incipient rebellion are evident .. Now it may suit the interests of those whose position or influence gives them a chance of _obtaining Colonial offices , or commissions in the Army and Navy , to maintain this state ot affairs : but the bonafide peop le of this country have a directly-opposite interest in the matter . Ti , mr have , in reality , to pay thc piper . Jn
order to enable the " ruling class " to maintain their places in the Colonies , we have to keep up many thousand soldiers more than we should otherwise have either the necessity or the excuse for . These soldiers require to be officered , and hence springs a plentiful crop of comets , iientenams , captains , colonels , and generals . One abuse breeds a host of others . The oppression and p lunder ofthe Colonists is carried on by the oppression and plunder of
the taxpayers at home . A just and rational system of Colonial Government would destroy this monstrous system of frand , spoliation , and tyranny . Let each Colony possess such institutions as are required for the free and independent administration of its own internal affairs , and be linked to the Imperial Executive and Legislature _onlybv such tics as are clearly for their mutual advantage . They will then act cordially and harmoniously together , because a free and fair field would then be left open for the action of " the motives by which , " according to the "Times , " " communities , not less than individuals , are impelled—motives of selfinterest and self advancement . "
When the Colonists are allowed to levy their own taxes , and provide for the protection and security of their own property , we shall not need to keep up a large standing army for their defence . When they are unfettered by the iguorance of the Colonial-office , or the restrictions and burdens originating in the sordid rapacity of an all-grasping Oligarchy , they will rapidly develope the varied resources at their command , aud become infinitely better customers to thc English market than they ever can be under the present regime .
With respect to Canada , this would be especially the case . The British North American provinces would be far more valuable to this j country , in a commercial point of view , if thoy were Free States , than thoy can ever become ' as dependencies , in reality governed by the . Colonial Office . At present they are kept in a state of artificial sterility , poverty , and backwardness . The Canadians complain , and most justly , that under our rule—while on the other side ofthe American border , every sign of mercantile prosperity and natural enterprise is manifest—on their side all is poverty , stagnation , and inertness . On the one side innumerable canals and railways intersect ,
in every direction , a country teeming with agricultural and manufacturing wealth ; while , on the other , extensive forests yet stretch over thousands of square mile 1 of untilled soil—aud " enterprises of great pith and moment " perish in thc very conception for lack Of tlie means to realise them . Annexation would dispel this sluggishness . It would unfetter the thousandfold elements and agencies of industrial and material progress which now slumber undeveloped in these large provinces ; and , by adding to the wealth of the world , promote , at least indirectly , the material comfort of mankind at large . Ono feature of the movement towards this
end , however , we must again advert to . It is indeed a striking manifestation of the moral and mental advance of the age , that such a policy should be deliberately avowed and calmly advocated on the one side , and deliberately and calmly criticised on the other . The time has been when such a declaration would have been answered by an unreasoning and rampant loyalty , and an appeal to the stupid prejudices of an ignorant population . The demand on the part of thc colonists , for the power of managing their own affairs
peaceably , in the way they think best calculated to promote their own prosperity , would have been answered by ouv Government with the threat of war and thc prosecution ofthe traitors who entertained such treasonable , wicked , and felonious intentions . That these provinces will ultimatel y be given up without a struggle , we do not expect \ but the contest , be it wliat it may , and come when it may , will , we confidentl y believe , differ from all preceding struggles involving . such momentous issues . Unconsciously , bnt steadily , tho doctrines of the disciples of peace are making themselves
felt in the government of nations . Men aro beginning to bo ashamed of giving way to tho blind impulses of passion and prejudice ; and recognising thc great tact , that in all _diilerences between nation and nation , Reason aud Justice aro not only better arbiters , but , in thc long run , tho best calculated to promote their mutual interests , this country will not repeat the fatal policy which led to a vain attempt to retain thirteen provinces in subjection , and ended in utter and inglorious defeat , after an immense expenditure of blood and treasure .
Redundant Population. "There Are Too Man...
REDUNDANT POPULATION . "There are too many of us , " was thc compendious solution of all our social evils , by the celebrated Malthus . The worthy divine proved , to the satisfaction of the ruling classes , that , tho poverty , misery , destitution arid-vice , which existed in society , _vas not in the slightest degree attributable to them . God Almighty alone was to blame . He had implanted a law in the human race b y which it multi
plied itself in a geometrical , and not in au arithmetical ratio . Instead of increasing at thc rate of one , two , three , four , &<•„ it did so at the rate of one , two , four , eight , sixteen , thirty-two , and so on . Against the operation of this great law of nature it was in vain to contend by any mere legislative or governmental enactments . God was stronger than man ; and war , hunger , disease , " plague , pestilence , andsudiloiuleatb , " wore , in the course of Providence , tho appointed means by which the " redundant population " was to bo kept within the proper limits .
No wonder the doctrino became suddenly and immensel y popular with those who sat iu high places—with all who toiled not , neither did they spin , and yet who were dail y clothed in purple and iino _liucn _» ft oftcved a complete statistical , philosophical , and religious reply to all complaints . It whitewashed all our political and social institutions , and absolved " i \ o _\>\ _e \ wfls , " "hon . gentlemen , " and other ruling magnates , from all possible responsibility or blame . Was it not blasphemy aud presumption to fi ght against tlie decrees of an all-wise and _over-rulino-Providence ? " ° Of late this vaunted philosoph y has , how-
Redundant Population. "There Are Too Man...
ever , rather declined in public estimation , _fts strongest advocates—those blessed with the most , unblushing effrontery and the greatest hardihood of assertion—have been unabl e to withstand the accumulating evidence 0 f * its fundamental falsehood . So far from _increasing geometrically since it was first propounded the population in this country has scarcel y j n ! creased in an arithmetical ratio aud \> y _\\„ Reg istrar-General ' s quarterl y return , just published , it appears tbat there is a decided decrease . This will , we presume , be good news for the few who still have faith hi i _\ lQ Malthusian creed . How far it is matter of _General rejoicing is another question . In tw
words of the Registrar , " The population of England has suffered , died , aud decre ased during the quarter , ta <\ degree of which there is no examp le in thc present century . '' _Jhis statement is explained by the fact , that tho ' deaths exceed the registered births b y ft _;^ and _* in addition it is stated , on the authorit of the Emigration Commissioners , that the emigrants during the quarter , from London , Plymouth , and Liverpool alone , amounted to forty-six thousand ji ' ve hundred and fifty-eight ; so that "England , " says the Registrar , " has now less inhabitants by many thousands than were within its shores at Midsummer . ' '
When the treatment which "England " gives her industrious children is considered , it is no wonder that they should either die off , or fly from her shores . It would almost seem as if the Malthusians in power had _abandoned the exoteric exposition of their philosophy , in order that they may the more effectually increase its exoteric influence . Morbific agencies , of the most baneful and widely-diffused description , are suffered to exist unchecked , in all the great hives of industry ; and the consequence is , that thc people drop like rotten sheep , or , appalled by the fearful fate of friends and neighbours , gird up their loins and flee from the doomed land , which is cursed by the tyranny of a Mammon-worshipping Oligarchy .
• The liegistrar-General gives a striking idea of the manner in which human hives are destroyed , in order that sordid and monopolising capitalists may receive a large per ccntage , in the following passage : — A disease in which thc patient is restless , anxious , convulsed , and death-stricken the moment he shrinks from the sig ht of water , was formerly of common occurrence in London . No death from that cause has been recorded in tlie last five summers . Yet hydrophobia is inevitably fatal , and medicine is of no more avail when its symptoms are revealed than it is in cholera ; but the wise course of removing-its causes lias been tried , and bids fair to create-a permanent blank in thc London nosology . The cause of typhus , of influenza , of cholvra , and of tlie like diseases
will not loujf , we may hope , remain in undisturbed possession ofthe earth and air of this city . Hydrophobia disappears when the dogs which are liable to become mad or to be bitten every summer are removed by police regulations , so will the other zymotic diseases give way when that putrid , decaying , noisome atmosphere exhaled by churchyards , slaughter-houses , the tanks of dirty water companies , cesspools , sevrevs , crowded dwellings , is purified and dissipated _. The sewers and cesspools now under our houses will inflict more pains and destroy more lives than ten thousand mad dogs let loose in the streets . They may as _certainly be removed ; and yet it is to be feared that many years will elapse before anything ; effectual is done , or any such satisfactory result can be recorded as the extinction of another disease in this great city .
1 hat removable and preventive causes , oi death are allowed to exercise their pestilential influences to the greatest extent b y the capitalists , who profit most largely by thc leading manufactures and industrial processes ofthe nation , is proved by every part of thc Report . The mortality , with few exceptions has been heaviest in the towns and districts which are devoted to trade and commerce . _2 \ _" o matter what may ho their natural advantages in respect of site , we find them entirel y neutralised by tho utter absence of those sanitary arrangements which are indispensable to the preservation of health . Wc do not know a more
beautifully situated town in England than Huddersficld—or a district possessing iu itself more of tho natural elements of health than that part of the IVest Riding in which it is situated immediately around it . Yet , even in that town , we find thc advantages of its site destroyed by such l ' acts as the subjoined , stilted by the Registrar of that town ;—The fearful pestilence made its appearance on ( II ) ' £ _* (?• rated part ofthe district , containing about fifteen or sixteen labourers' dwellings , situated on a hill-sidewithout
, drainage , their refuse thrown on the surface , _pettics with open cesspools , and exposed to the malaria arising from a dirty fish-pond , which has not been cleaned out for thirty years , full of slime nnd aquatic vegetables ; the water for the last few months has been drawn off , and the slimy deposit and decaying vegetable matter left exposed on the surface to the action ofthe sun and atmosphere . This pond presents about 1 , 500 square feet of evaporating surface , and is situated within 150 or 200 yards of the dwellings on tho hill-side , where the cholera has been most intense ; every house in this district has been infected , and for two davs before the cholera thc _irind Mew directly from the poiid into the dwellings .
At Merthyr Tydvil we have a repetition of the same disgraceful story , only upon a larger scale . The district itself is naturall y healthy , yet is described as " one of the great Cholera Works among the hills" : — Death ( continues the report ) is always busy here ; bnt iu the last quarter l , _S "< 3 Uvea were destroyedviz ., 41 in _Gellisaer ; _OST in Loner _Jfertiivr Tv ' dvil ; 1 . 023 iu Upper Mevthyv Tydvil ; nnd 32 D in " Abel-dare The population of the district was _Bl _. lSl in 1831 , and 5 _i , S ( Vf > iii 1841 ; the mortality , therefore , was about il per cent . —higher than in some of the worst districts o "" London . The most populous parts of Merthyr Tydvil are well situated on sloping ground , a very small portion being
on a level . Merthyr church is 500 feet above the docks at Carditl ' , Pen-y-Dran higher , and Dowlais about 400 feet above Merthyr . Hence ( says Sir H . T , tic la Heche ) ( he situation of Merthyr is open , airy , and well exposed . Such is the situation by nature ; the evidence collected bv tho Health of Towns ' commissioners shows what it b _.-ts * becn made by thc men and thc _ivon masters . From the poorer inhabitants , who constitute tile IlUtSS Of the population j throwing all slops and refuge into the nearest open gutter before their houses , from the impeded courses of such channels , and the scarcity of privies , some parts ofthe town are complete networks of filth emitting noxious exhalations . During the rapid increase , of this town , no attention seems to have been paid to its drainage ! There aro
no regulations for draining thc town ; the surface water is i retained ; there are stagnant pools and ditches _comiwous ! to the dwellings . There are no dust bins , no scavengers , , the liquid refuse is allowed to remaiu on the surface , or r thrown into thc water-courses , which are cleansed l >> - the j rain only . The main street—uot the courts _illltl _illleVS —• - are occasionally cleansed by the tump-ike trust comlnis- _- sioncrs ; some of the town _icfuse is carried to waste parts s of the town , and the beds of the rivers Taffe aud Morbus ; , aud after a Ions : drought the stench is almost intolerable iu n many places . 'Hie houses of small but respectable trades-speople are unprovided with privies . The interior of many of Df the houses is cleanly and well kept ; the Dowlais Company _ty undertake to carry itwav ihe ashes of the inhabitants of of
Dowlais iitthcratcofld . per week foreaehhousc . The towns 18 tire chiefly supplied with water hy pumps and wells ; the lie supply is scanty , and as most of the wells are fed by snr-irface waters , it may be doubted if they can be free from , 11 , 1 mixture with impurities derived from the house . refnscisc soaking into the ground in all directions . Thc _jnostost wretched part of Dowlais is ' the Cellars , ' ( l collection of of small houses in a depression between the Hue of road , _al , a cinder heap , and the river Tafte . An open , stinking , _andind i nearly stagnant gutter , into winch the house refuse is as ; as : usual Hung , moves slowly before the doors . The indiflereiicciicc with which Ufe is _saeriticetl and lost in the lniniiiL' _districtsicts ; is inconceivable . The following is thc Registrar ' s brief notciotc on 10-2 deaths from cholera , 5 i from an explosion , Sio fronton : all causes , in a population of 0 . ;! _- . ' 2 ( iu _UHl , ;— ' _Umlwrtwi i l l
ydv < , Abevdiwe—Deaths , 325 . Deaths verv considerab _' lwb _' _h < ibove the average , owing chieflv to two _causes—namelvu-lv _in-ovalcnce of cholera and accident {?) , 162 of the _foriiie . _'ine : ¦ _: anil _<>!) of the lattcr—5 _' . ' were killed at one time bv a dread-cad I nil explosion , ot five-damp in a coalpit , ' The _' uiincisoiso ) Merth yr lydvu sleep , it is said , with gunpowder snde : iide _; their beds ; tliey walk in filth y streets through a poisonouinou ; air to their work , and breathe an explosive mixture timleindc e grouud . Such is the life , such the death of an order of me : me : who supply England with coal and iron . Contrast tint thi . i mortality from evident causes —to a great extent nt in moyabe-w ult thc fact , that of all the criminal popnlalidalio } ol _Liigland only twelve were hanged in 1818 , after wir wi i nesscs had been heard , learned counsel had pleaded , iuri _. juri . i . had returned verdicts _ofguilty , judges had pronounced will w _:: tenee oi death . l
_Tlioreisoiilyoiiepartofthisstatemcuttowhk-.-hk-L _- wo have to object . - —that which attributes tls ± 1 : 1 : horrible state of things it discloses to " tb'tll men ; " the " iron masters" arc clearl y _tly tl 1 only parties to blame . They bave sole aiidujilivi : controlled power ill theV g ion ; the mi nun arc _oWigwl to live in such houses as are _j _» n nrr vided for them—they have neither the meaiiiea '!' nor the opportunity of procuring _betti-r , V , bb are , like their brother workmen , evervwi . ewi . e . e _di-peiulcnt on the capitalist for dwellings , au , aim ot
course , the latter never lose sijrht of lof '' " main chance . " If they can get fifteen pn \\ cent for au inferior house , destitute of all _dccidccci provision forclcaiilinoss and health , why shot shorn they trouble themselves further ? thc " _possiiossi-i lity is , that a superior class of buiklitiildhii would not yield such an interest , and it dit _dd not matter in tho sli ghtest to them , hi , hh many are murdered iu the process of _coincoiniv gold out of thc sweat and toil of thc thc bourers . Wc are glad to find such facts as thcsithcscsc official documents ; they prove that the oi'Ye cry' )
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 10, 1849, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_10111849/page/4/
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