On this page
- Departments (1)
-
Text (12)
-
8868 November to i84 g # ¦ . THE NORTHER...
-
RECEIPTS OF THE fI at,0 £ al und company...
-
€tjattist SntrlUaimce
-
Bradford, Yorkshire .—On Sunday, Novembe...
-
Strike of Weavers at Wosdes.—Some months...
-
LETTERS TO THE WORKING CLASSES LXVI. '' ...
-
TIIF, -FRATERNAL DEMOCRATS. The first of...
-
THE METROPOLITAN T-RADES CON-. FERENCE ,...
-
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED TRADES. ¦...
-
PARLIAMENTARY and FINANCIAL REFORM. IO T...
-
Prorogation- of Parliament.—Windsor, Nov...
-
.""""*"" * jB^*"^*"^*"^*W
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Redundant Population. "There Are Too Man...
2 " . £ _?* S _^ 8868 _¦«** the _wretched-^ they endure , i 5 amply justified by _tgractoalcondifion _; _andVbile they may a _^ r _anST ? _* f § ° Ternin S classe * from _** _ar apathy , or interested _^ difference , they _£ _^ _* e hope , cause such a demand for justice
8868 November To I84 G # ¦ . The Norther...
November to _i 84 _g ¦ . THE NORTHERN STAR . 5
Receipts Of The Fi At,0 £ Al Und Company...
RECEIPTS OF THE fI at , 0 _£ und company _Sovemueb 8 , 1849 . ' Sleafo-a .. .. oio tbi . £ s _- _- _Sottiijgham ose _£ _« ore -- - »»« _TOnW ° 0 J * I S . Shore .. .. . 0 0 G Ipsw ich .. ¦ 016 g £ ~ *& _££% » " _- OTAL _- " - »» J « A , „ . "" w » ... ... 0 4 0 _Kr ditto ; :: _» ? Loan ditto ° » 2 Bales y ' 3 M Transfers ' / . _i ° _* 0 2 0 £ 33 12 2 _^• n _?? _* - CDovtE , t . _Ciark , cor . Sec . i _* . M'Grath , Fin . Sec .
EXECUTIVE FUNDBecehrea by W . _Kroa-Sottingwm , p _,.,. j . Sweet _^
DEBT DUE TO THE PRINTER . _mcSttBIb _£ a ? 6 I ChartistS AKodation ' _™' FOR COSTS OF MACNAMARA ' S ACTION . _Hecoved by W _^ _LW-Old _GnanJs , timehouse , per H Bomnson , 6 s . ; Cheltenham , per J . Hemmin , 3 s . 4 d . FOR THE AGITATION OF THE CHARTER Beceived by _W . KIDEB .-W . B . _Clufcer , _Wfllinborougb , 2 s . Cd . ; E . _iUia ; , _lIonnjomh , Is . ; C . Clark , Bristol , Is . Cd . TO EXEMPT PRISONERS FF . OM OAKUM PICKING . Received by W . Rideb . -Mwfield . per B . Pearson . 68 . fc . C , ayonngCIiartist , _Weffincborough , 2 d . 2 d . ; Glasrow ' per b . rauL , 5 s , Greenwich , per Mr . WMteombe , Ss . FOR WIDOWS OF THE LATE MESSRS . WILLIAMS AND SHARP .
Beearedby WBa » Q .-j . Barker , Radford , near _Coven-SX _^ S 5 r _? ? ' _^ * nemmi n > 2 s- Cd . ; Exeter _, per Geoige Carlisle _-Js . Jd . He : dved by & I $ oosW-D . ? ' _* ' A' _£ ' _* mga _. Is . ; Manchester , per Allcock , - & 6 d . ; G . Vf ., Is . ; lire . Heath , Greenwich , as . 2 d ,
FOR WIVES AND FAMILIES OF VICTIMS . BecdTed by W . Bider . —Chartists of Sutton , Mr . Keigh ley , 10 s . ; a Lover of JnstJc _, Sheerness , Is . Gd . ; W . A ., snoemaiker , _WeUingborongh , 2 s . id . ; Lincoln , per J . Badd . _& . ; Sonth Shields Chartists . perW . GilfiUan _, 17 s . ; SotI _tasnam , per J-Sweet , 4 d ; Cheltenham , per J . Hemmin : 2 s . lOd . ; Glasgow , per D . Paiil , Ss . ; JoknBoxley , Merton tuuiiery _, Cd . VICTIM FUND . Beceived by S . _Boosham . —D . M . B . 5 s . ; Manchester , per Allcock , 5 s . ; Mrcdesfield , £ 1 Ms . 2 d ; Wm . George , per Benj . _Jfewlej-, _€ d . ; Crown and Anchor BaH locality . Tier J . Airen , Ss . ; Mr . Eider , £ 2 Te . Cd . * FRATERNAL DEMOCRATS . Green \ rich _, perMr . \ Vbitcombe , Ss .
€Tjattist Sntrluaimce
€ _tjattist SntrlUaimce
Bradford, Yorkshire .—On Sunday, Novembe...
Bradford , Yorkshire . —On Sunday , November 4 th , a quarterly meeting ofthe members took place in the Democratic School-room , Croft-street ; Mr . John Norminton in the chair , when the following persons were elected to serve as conncil-men during the next three months : —William Tempest , Robert Cameron , Xathaniel Frith , James Car " ysle , Annanias KUchin , Join Moore Joseph . AldcrsoB , Joseph Bri ggs ; William Angus , president ; John _Norminton , sub-treasurer ; John Fairer , treasurer ; Edward Smith , financial-secretary ; and Thomas Wilcock , corresponding-secretary . " AU communications to be addressed to Thomas Wilcock , care of Thomas TJmpleby _, news-agent , Manchester-road , Bradford .
_"SoiTiXGHiSL—The Chartist council held its weekly meeting on Sunday last , at the Seven Stars , Barker-gate , when John Skerritt was elected secretary for the next month , and Mr . Wm . Thornton , ofthe Seven Stars , treasurer . The meeting then took up the subject of the printing debt incurred by the Conrent _' on and Assembly ; it was then decided ¦ what snm each locality shonld pay , and the secretary was instructed to inform them of the same , and request them to forward their respective sums to the council , at its next meeting . After transacting other business , the meeting was adjourned to Sunday next , at three o ' clock , at the same place . Bixstox—At an adjourned _mcefhwrof Chartists
and Land Members , held in Hall-street , On Sunday last , the following persons were unanimously elected as President , Secretaryand Treasurer : — Mr . Thomas Davis . Mr . John Jones , and Mr . J "White . Subscriptions were commenced towards paying the debt due to tbe Printer . "We thank our Wolverhampton friends for their kind attention to onr report of last week . We hope to hear from our Oldbury friends , and the other places who _joined in _forming a district when the debt W _? s C _^ ntrac ed _« Wc wish to ask those who stand aloof from us , if it is right that Mr . O'Connor should be the scan-goat for their sins ? All communications to he sent to John . Jones , near the Toll-gate , Wolverhanpton _street . Bilston .
_CHinrERritLE . —A portion of the allottes have formed themselves into a Mutual Improvement rlass . The first monthly meeting was held in the schoolroom , on Saturday evening last , the 3 rd inst . A vote of thanks was passed to E _Stallwood , for a work presented by him to tbe class , _Manchester . —At a meeting of members it was unanimously agreed that a delegate meeting should be held on ' Sunday , the 25 th inst ., in Manchester , to settle affairs connected with the Chartists lately imprisoned in Kirkdale . The Tarious localities of South Lancashire , Yorkshire , and Cheshire , are requested to send delegates . -
Presto * . —A public meeting took place in the Temperance Hall , Preston , on the loth ult ., when a memorial was adopted in favour of a general amnesty for all political offenders . The memorial was sent to Mr . T . Clark , to be placed in the hands of Mr . Cobden , for presentation , and the following letter was received from that gentleman , after he bad waited upon Sir G . Grey : — "London , 31 stof October , lSld . —Sir , —I have left the memorial for the Queen , in behalf of the Chartist prisoners , at the Home Office , and shall be gratified to find that Sir George Grey has recommended her Majesty to remit the remainder of their sentences . I nave reason to believe that lie is considering the merits of each case with a favourable disposition to the side ot mercy , —I am , Sir , your obedient
servant , Richard Cobdes . _—Mr . James Brown . _Fisshurt LocALirr . —The members met on Sunday evening last at the house of Mr . Blake , bread and biscuit baker , No . 5 , Leather-lane , _Ilolborn , Mr . Thomas Dicey in the chair . The following members were elected as council : —Messrs . Alnutt , Nobbs , Leo , Dicey , and Jones . Mr . Alnutt was appointed secretary ; and Mr . Lee treasurer . Williams asd Sharp Testimonial Committee . — The committee held their adjourned meeting at Andertons Hotel , on Monday last , and the execu tive were authorised to call a public meeting as soon as possible , and bring the claims ofthe unfortunate widows prominently before the people of the United Kingdom . Mr . M'Grath , and several other gentlemen , were added to the committee . The mectm _* then adjourned till the first Monday m
_TJficcinbcr _Ckippmoate . —At a meeting of members Mr Kydd announced that 13 s . Sd . had been collected for the Monument , at the Hail of Science . Mr . Kydd received the thanks of the meeting . Several small subscriptions were also banded in . Mr . Brown reported that 3 fcssrs . M'Grath and Dixon would attend as a deputation on Sunday evening , until which time the meeting was adjourned .
Strike Of Weavers At Wosdes.—Some Months...
Strike of Weavers at _Wosdes . —Some months _vo Mr . Richardson , a manufacturer from Alancnekcr , took a mill in this place , and gave his weavers lis . per week for tenting two looms , the _S _wovenbe _^ ng what is technically called-to . hacks , and Orleans . At the same time he told the t ihVthis _reason for "king this price , was to S th m on _thtspoJun ° _tU he filled his mill with
_Richardson , who in - _^^ rmTl wZu 2 ut they did not accede , to to _*™ _% _^ chester . u p the mill , and take the _"mc w - _* t M _£ fiUe other masters are _giving n the _» P 2 s . 3 d . per cut . tbirt ¥ twoy . _vds } ong . _^^ i evenins a public meeting was called by tn _«« tt wh _^ _t _wp thc weavers of wilsucn are _" IS ' _tStfS lfr . Richardson . at * _WJ »« y **; _^ L _» I « That we who are in employ will do eTCt - 7 _Zn-t to support the late hands of Mi . _^ _* T _» n until E get emp loyment else where . " _Eichardson , nn « it « cy e i _^^ _^ _9 4
wuw-- _ _. . has now . mw _umj < . _«»» «•— --
Letters To The Working Classes Lxvi. '' ...
LETTERS TO THE WORKING CLASSES LXVI . '' _mbSSSIsp- anda smaU *« 9 of h _& Falling-like dew—upon a thoucht . _nrnfln ( . # . Thatwhlch makes -iU _«? H 5 ? 3 _^ uuun ' _sraos .
LABOUR'S WRONGS . Bjwther _Proletarians , a . , Evid _« nces d a % multiply around us , thatthe evils of the existing system are bel yond the reach of the peddling politicians and sham " phil anthropists , " who propose to establish a political and social rnillenninm by _abohshrag _afewmfflionsoftaxes , and _diffusing a knmrled ge of the Holy Scriptures . " The very efforts of such " reformers" to promote their schemes , end in making had worse . Miserable tinkers of society , they make two holes while clouting one .
Everybod y must have heard of the " British and Forei gn Bible Society , " established to circulate the "Holy Scriptures " at home and abroad . If cheap gospel could save tho world , certainly we should , soon see the millennium , for it must he confessed that the above-named Society have not slackened in their efforts to bring the Bible home to civilised and savagefrom the dwellers in this modern Babylon to the barbarous tribes of the Pacifie Ocean . It does not , however , appear that improvements ( physical , mental , and moral , ) in the condition of the hnman race have kept pace with the labours ofthe Society . To say nothing of foreign nations—the progressive decline of
Hindoos , Sikhs , American Indians , & c . ;—Opium Wars , Caflre " Wars , & c . ; the spread of European vices , contemporaneously with European rule , among the natives of Asia , Africa , America , & c . ; it may he shown that cheap Bibles , though so wonderfull y diffused at home , as well as abroad , have failed to benefit the great body ofthe people . In some districts religious fanaticism day have been stimulated , and a " pious resignation" to injustice encouraged ; hut , most certainly , the Society ' s efforts have not advanced the general comfort , education , and morality of the proletarian classes . The contrary may be proved , at least in the case of the unfortunate women
employed in the production of the Society ' s cheap Bibles . Cheap with a vengeance are these spiritual bargains . The Society sells a rub y Bible for Is . 6 d ., a pearl Bible for 10 d ., and a diamond Testament for 4 d . —all bound in embossed covers and edges gilded . . I have no knowledge of the prices paid by the Society for printing , stereotyping ,
presswork , & c . The binding is done by contract ; a Miss _"YFatkins , who has a large establishment at Bermondsey , being the contractress . It may he presumed that that lady is distinguished for piety—how else account for her underbidding all competitors in her zeal to aid in the production of cheap Bibles f But Piety loves the partnership of Profit—the two in nnion being so " highly respectable ; " and Miss Watkiss has so worked her contract as
to prove , in her own case , that " godliness is great gain . " It has heen pretended by this " lady , " that the wages paid to her workwomen have averaged _, from 7 s . Cd . to 15 s . weekly ; an untrue representation of the actual facts . For folding and sewing the whole of last year ' s issue of 1 , 107 , 518 copies , the folders earned but 6 s . _lOjtd . a week , on the average ; and the stitchers , 7 s . 3 d . weekly . Even these miserable snms arc often reduced by the unhappy workers heing mulcted in snch fines as the following—If the " sewer" leaves a sheet with the inset down , she is fined 3 d . ; if the inset he not sewed , Is . ; failing to point ont the fact
that the " collator " has left out a sheet , Is . ; if an iuset only , Gd . Should a . " folder " cut up a second sheet before the first is folded , she is fined Is . —sometimes discharged ; or if the sheet be turned down wrong , 3 d . When the " collator " leaves ont a sheet , the fine is Is . ; or puts in a wrong sheet , Is . ; and if not discovered t ill the book is bound , then she is fined the price of the book—the spoiled book itself the contractress keeps ; so that , as she says , the cost may not he raised by raffles and subscriptions . One poor girl , whose earnings amounted to 4 s . for sixty-three hours' work , had to pay Is . —a fourth of the product of her week's labour—for fines levied as above stated . These
fines go into the pocket of the precious " lady " _Watkixs , who , moreover , increases her godly gains by not paying for " pastings , " though elsewhere sewers are paid ( a miserable sum ) for that kind of work . The said pious capitalist also refuses the work-women access to water , except between four and half-past four o ' clock , and then only to hot water , for which each has to pay one penny a week . As sometimes three hundred hands are employed , the holy employer will , at such times pocket twenty-five shillings weekly by the sale of her hot water ; or , making a reasonable deduction for firing , about twenty shillings clear profitthat is four or five times the sum paid to many of the wretched women in her employ for sixty hours' lahour !
Some weeks ago tlie " hands" rebelled , and one hundred and fifty-six struck work , _^" ew hands have heen brought from other parts of England , and from Scotland , who left their homes on the understanding that they were to have from 14 s . to 16 s . weekly ; but they find they cannot earn half that sum , and are , therefore , anxious to return home But those homes many of them will never see again . Inquire for them twelve months hence—not at the firesides of their childhood , but in the streets—the hospitals—the workhouses , and the graves , of this Babel of splendour and misery , revelry and despair . 1
The "MensBookbinders '* Union have nobly thrown the shield of their protection over the _Yvomeu on strike . Meetings , too , have been holden for tic purpose of arousing public sympathy , and also , if possible , to induce the Bible Society to make a trifling addition to the prices of their Bibles and Testaments , and thereby take from the contractress her plea for giving such _labonr-robbing wages . A memorial to that effect was addressed to the Society five or six weeks ago , but has been treated with studied neglect . The Secretary , indeed , has intimated that the Society willnot interfere between Miss Watkixs and her
workpeople . An attempt has also been made to obtain the sympathy of the Bishop of _London , who thus replied to the Committee : — Fulham , September 21 tb , 1 _W 9 . Sib , —I hare to acknowledge the receipt , a short time since , of your letter , respecting tlie hardship said to be occasioned to poor girls employed in _binding the bibles sold bv the British and Foreign Bible Society . 1 will read the pamphlet which you have sent me with due attention ; but I do not see in what way I can assist in remed jing the evil complained of . I am , Sir , your obedient servant , Mr . Joseph Mackey . C . J . _Losno . _v .
Since September the 24 th , not another word —not a shilling—has been received from " his Lordship , " who " docs not see in what way he can assist in remedying the evil complained of ; " that is—translated into plain Englishhe does not care whether the " folders" and " _severs" ofthe " Holy Bible" starve , thieve , or turn prostitutes . What is itto him ? He enjoys the fat of the land , and all his household riot va very wantonness . So it wiU be—and so it . ought to he—until the people , having common sense driven into their heads , shall put an end to the power of such holy cormorants and sacerdotal impostors .
Making every allov / ance for idleness , selfabandonment , and seductions , as causes of prostitution , it is unquestionable that a preponderating per ccntage of the thousands Avho walk the streets of London have been brought to their degraded position by the system of low wa es and labour-robbing returns paid to h onnet-makevs , milliners , dress-makers , staystitchers shirt-makers , waistcoat and trowsers makers , ' && , & c . And new it is revealed to
Letters To The Working Classes Lxvi. '' ...
the public that the folders , stitchers , & c , of the " Holy Scriptures" are subjected to the same treatment , and , as a matter of course , to the same temptations . It is asserted , that this blessed system of cheap Gospel sends every year upwards of a hundred women info the brothels of the metropolis . Thus the British and Foreign Bible Society , while compassing earth and sea to convert " the heathen , " are at the same time dooming their own countrywomen to soul and body-slaying ruin . OhHeaven l that such companions _thou'dst unfold ; And place in every honest hand a whip To lash the rascals naked through the world !"
The bookbbdressess constitute but a small section of the victims of cant , competition , " commercial enterprise , " and Free Trade , abounding in this metropolis . At the East end of London there are thousands of women working for the slop shops , who after deducting the cost they are put to for " trimmings , " thread , candles , & c , . employed in the performance of their work , find themselves possessed of such snms as 4 s ., 3 s ., 2 s . Gd ., 2 s . 3 d ., and even stilllowersums & s their week ' s income with which , to provide food , pay rent , and—no , not find clothing and other necessaries , for that must be impossible . In vain did poor Hooi ) write his " Song of the Shirt . " The makers
of that garment are paid at this very time such sums as from 6 s . a dozen , the very highestdown to Is . a dozen . Think of any kind of shirtmaking being done for a penny each shirt . ' Let the advocates of cheapness reflect on the following words of an intelligent , moral , and industrious woman—a wife and mother : — "This poor needlework , in my opinion , is the cause ofthe destitution and prostitution about the streets in these parts . So that in a great measure I think the slop trade is the ruin of the young girls that take to it—the prices are not sufficient to keep them , and the consequence is , they fly to the streets to make out their living . "
Probably "his lordship— " the meek and lowly apostle of Fulham—would admit this to be an evil ; but then he would add that he could not see how he could remedy such a state of things . One thing I am persuaded of , that there will be no remedy attempted until priests , profit-mongers , and the rest of the natural enemies of Lahour are driven from the Legislature . It is written in the book of Fate : — From the ranks ofthe Proletarians must come the saviours of Industry . '
Let no one well to do in the world , imagine that the female slop-workers are the only sufferers . The male makers of " Chesterfields , " "fishingcoats , " " paletots , " " monkey-jackets , " " heavers , " " shooting coats , " " sacks , " "Codringtons , " "Trinitycloaks , " *• _surtouts , " "dress coats , " " vests , " " trousers , & c , are subjected to a like system of slavery . When all deductions for "trimmings , " & c , have been made , the men are the possessors of eight shillings , and still lower sums , weekly wages . One remarkable circumstance should be borne in mind , all the workers—men and women — agree ,
that for some years past , whether there has been " bad trade , " or " good trade , " wages , have , year by year , regularly declined . So much for free trade ! The promises of COBDEN and Co ., are being daily falsified , and the predictions of the Chartists are in course of as regular fulfilment . The latter maintained that " cheap bread" would be no cheaper to the workers , inasmuch as wages would be reduced as provisions fell in price . So it has been in the Metropolis ; and if a temporary flush of trade has seemed to give the lie to Chartist prophecies as regards the manufacturing districts , I have only to say " wait a little longer . " The fierce and deadly competition , which every year becomes
more intense between employer and employer —workman and workman , will end in the reducing of ell classes of labourers , and a large number of their present employers , to the level of the wretched slop-workers— unless prevented hy a Social Revolution . Mark the words of one of those poor men , as written down by the agent of the "Morning Chronicle ' . "— "We reall y are the prey of the master , and cannot help ourselves Whatever _hetffersweare obliged to accept , or else go and starve . " The same person added , " I'd sooner be transported than at this work . Why , then , at least , I'd have regular hours for work , and for sleep ; but now I ' m harder worked , and worse fed than a cab horse . "
What can flooding the land with cheap Bibles—what can the reduction ofthe national taxes to five-and-forty or forty millions , annually , do for such men ? If they literally swallowed the Bible , page by page , they wonld still have but eight shillings , or less , weekly , to find them in bodily nourishment , which I imagine they would still need as much as ever , notwithstanding their spiritual food ; and if not merely ten millions , but the entire
taxes were swept away , they would still be the " prey" of the masters . Abolish all taxes , and do nothing for the protection of labour—whatever temporary benefit might be reaped by the workman , his career would still be downwards , until again reduced to the most absolute physical degradation—leaving to the capitalist the entire benefit ofthe " Reform , " The evils of society are social as well as political , and reform , to work any real good , must be the samo .
I observe tbat " the ministers and gentlemen connected with the Congregational Union of England and Wales" have commenced a scries of "Lectures to Working Men . " The first of these discourses was delivered by tbe Itcv . G . Smith , of Poplar , at the Mechanics' Institute , Chancery-lane , on Tuesday evening last ; thc subject of the lecture being " The Advantages now possessed by the Working Classes for Social Advancement . " The Rev . lecturer described the present age as one of "a high state of civilisation , mental dignity , and well-balanced political liberty . " He forgot to add that the benefits of civilisation were monopolised by tlie useless classes , and that tlie balance of
pelitical liberty was all in favour ofthe same classes , and against the wealth-producers . The _lectnrer complimented the working men on their " patient endurance of trouble , and their little envy of those who are exempt from their privations , " That looks very like praising the people for a spirit of dastardly submission to misery and oppression ! In the report before me the Rev . gentleman graciously observes tbat " Labour is no degradation . " He adds : " Nor is it uncompensated . In some cases , no _doubl , it is inadequately rewarded . Bat in a great commercial , competing community , it will usually meet its fair reward . " Here is a preeious " teacher in Israeli" He actually sets forth
competition , one of tbe principle causes of low wages , as a guarantee for Labour ' s fair reward ! Hear him again : " Industry and frugality must be cultivated : tiie Messrs . Chambers have informed us of a working man who contrived to save , between the ages of twenty-one and forty , £ 500—notwithstanding lie had a wife and family—by acting on the simple rulo of spending only two-thirds of his income , whatever it might be . " JVow what will the slop-workersmale and female—say to this " simple rule" by sticking to which for twenty years , they aro told , they may save a sum amounting to half a day ' s income of the Marquis of Westminster ? I will but quote the words of a woman described by the
" Chronicle ' s" agent as scrupulously clean , neat , frugal , and hard-working : — " I ' ve been short—very short , indeed , sir ; in want of thc common necessaries to keep my strength and life together . I don ' t find what I get hy my labour sufficient to keep me . I ' ve no money any where , not a farthing in the house . * * * * For my old age there is nothing but thc workhouse . After six and twenty years hard work I ' ve not a penny to the fore—nothing to depend upon for au hour . If I could have saved I should have been very glad to have done £ 0 . " This woman never had any one but herself to keep . As regards the _woi-k-utcit I have already said sufficient . Even could the cight-shillings-a-wcek
tailors lay by one-thivd of their earnings weekly , they would have to work and save for seventy years before they could accumulate _£ o 00—a Slim , probably , far less than the Earl of _EGUX 1 CA 35 bets on a race-horse at Ascot or _Newmarket . Informing his beavers that the Congregational Union contemplates " no such Utopian plan as an equality of condition , " the rev . gentleman adds : — " The ordainment of society seems to be that a large proportion of mankind shall always be poor . That appears to be inseparable from a hi g h state of civilisation . " Like " predestination" this is a comfortable doctrine for the " elect , " but not so comfortable for the poor outcasts . If the rev , lecturer belonged to the latter section , he would sing
Letters To The Working Classes Lxvi. '' ...
to a widel y different tune . If , indeed , a large proportion or poverty was inseparabie . from a high state ° . _- ? _3 _w , _» _* P ' would be justified in crying : - Welcome barbarism—perish civilisation . " But u 5 T at least a large number of them—know the doctrine preached by the Rev . George Smith to he a wicked and abominable falsehood . Poverty is not caused by civilisation , but by the cannibal conspiracy of aristocrats and usurers , priests , lawyers , and military murderers , to defraud the workers of the fruits of tlieir toil , and the reward of their industry . Civilisation must advance , but its blessings must no longer be monopolised by the useless and mischievous classes of the community . It is disgraceful to the millions that they have borne with insult and injustice so long . It appears , tbat at the close of Mr . Smith ' s lecture , the Chairman invited inquiries and . observations from working : men _nresonL when n _floachmaker
rose and complained that thc Lecturer had spoken too favourabl y of the degree of reli gious liberty enjoyed by the people . . Ills observations were replied to , when immediatel y votes of thanks to the Lecturer and Chairman were moved and carried . " ij >? ve ral parties seemed desirous tO Speak On the subject , but the gentlemen on tlie platform appeared impatient to depart ; " and so those who probably desired to correct the Lecturer ' s fallacies , were denied a hearing . If the Congregationalists are wise they will eschew public platforms . The Working Men want not their patronage , and their _sympatiyisas worthless as thc blessing of the priest in tue tabic . If I exCept any portion of the Iter . George Smith ' s lecture from censure , it must be these words—words which to my readers will express a meaning far beyond that which he meant to convey— "It cmmot be too _oftenwgtd upon the working man , that he must _ivork out his own social salvation , ¦ t I / AMI DU PEOTLE . _November 8 th . 1849 .
Tiif, -Fraternal Democrats. The First Of...
TIIF , -FRATERNAL DEMOCRATS . The first of the regular weekly meetings ofthe Committee at their new _pUce of meeting ( in tho secretary s room of ) the Literary Institution , Johnstreet , _Tottenham-court-road , took place on Friday evening , _November 2 nd . John Mihie -was called to the chair . Several new members were enrolled , and a number of subscriptions paid in . It was resolved that five hundred copies of the " Objects , rules , and address" ( published in last Saturday ' s Star ) be printed for circulation . The Committee then adjourned .
The Metropolitan T-Rades Con-. Ference ,...
THE METROPOLITAN T-RADES CON-. FERENCE , Convened by the Metropolitan Trades Delegates , was held at tbe Literary and Scientific Institution , John-street , Fitzroy-square , on Wednesday evening , November 7 th . About forty delegates from the most influential of tbe metropolitan trades were present . Mr . John Seagrave , operative tailor , was called to the chair . Mr . A . Dklafokce ( Secretary , ) read the following list of delegates present , who had pi-educed credentials , and were in addition to those trades who belonged to the Association : —City Society of Bootmakers , White Hart ; West End Society of Tailors ;
London Society oi Cigarmakers ; Red Lion Society of Tailors ; Silk Weavers Society ; Globe Society of Carpenters ; Mr . Rate ' s Society of Carpenters ; Silver Cup Society of Carpenters ; Star and Garter Society of Tailors ; Hand-in-Hand Society of Painters ; St . Martin ' s Society of Tailors ; Operative Society of Rakers ; Angel and Crown Society of Painters ; Progressive Society of Cabinetmakers ; Canadian Land and Railway Association ; Friendly Society of Painters ;; Society of Compositors ; Friendly Society of Carpenters ; Meyer ' s Meeting of Root and Shoemakers ; Society of Carvers and Gilders ; and the members of the metropolitan delegates . The round numbers represented being 17 , 774 .
The CiiAinjfAK , in reply to a question , said , the reason the meeting was not held at the Craven Head was some observations which fell from the magistrates , on an application for a music liconse by the landlord of that house . The report was then road by the secretary , detailing the various matters that havo appeared from time to time in thc Northern Star , and concluded by recommending a " bill" to Parliament , embracing " The fullest Extension of the Sufirage , " " Home Colonics , " and " Locnl Boards of Trade . " Mr . A . Campbell moved the adoption of the report , which was seconded , and carried unanimously . Mr . _Tapperal moved the first resolution as follows . _- — " That this meeting of tbe representatives of tho'London Trades' Delegates are fully convinced
that the industrial , social , and political condition of tho working classes have not kept pace with tbe intellectual and moral improvement of the people . " — Mr . Tapperal said , he thought tbe working- classes had not been so active as they might , although efforts had been made for a century past . Benefit Societies subscribed some five or six millions annually , which showed the po wer of the millions of wealth producers , which power only lacked the proper direction to insure success . Vast sums . of money had been expended in strikes ; he knew societies that had expended from £ 40 , 000 to £ 50 , 000 , but thc men were desirous that this system should ccasefor ever . Some had said their improvement was chronicled by
thc rise of mechanics and literary institutions ; these studded over tho land only made thorn feel more acutely the wrongs under which they laboured , and it was a scandal to them to find that the land would support more than treble the present population , yet so many should be starving . Machinery had come in , and by competing with manual labour had increased the evil , though ho thought machinery would ultimately prove beneficial . He wished to see strikes abolished , and the monies raised put to the employment of the people in Homo colonies . Ho thought emigration was shown to be a delusion , by so many in _tliccolonies being desirous of returning to ' England . Thc great question for the assembled delegates to solve , was the best means of
employing tho unemployed , and he thought the time was favourable for a society which would bring about the desired change . Mr . Bniscii ( Cigar-maker , ) seconded the resolution . He said that the Trades , instead of proceeding had receded—his trade , instead of living , couUl now scarcely exist—yet masters flourished , retired , and kept their carriages , whilst , he contended , a working man should have the means of Laying by n something for times of adversity , instead of being separated from wife and children as they are unfortunately compelled to be at the present time . He cordially seconded the resolution .
Mr . G ; Read , ( Baker , ) said tbe reasons for the present depressed state of trade were , first , because they had no control or voice in making the laws by which they were governed . Secondly , by the false doctrine of the political economists—Sir Robert Peel amongst the number—who , by his Currency Laws , _luidllone much mischief . A cry of cheapness had been raised , hy which means three times tlie amount of labour was given for less than half the money formerly obtained . He did , indeed , see a strong reason for working men to be represented in the House of Commons . He could not forget the expressions given vent to by the Manchester men , when Lord Robert Gvosvenor submitted his _metion
respecting thc over-worked trade to which he had the misfortune to belong , and which motion was backed by 35 , 000 petitioners ; and men in his tvado worked at least eighteen out of the twenty-four hours—this showed thc necessity for a political , moral , and social change . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . Esserv , ( Tailor " ) said it had been truly observed that their progress was a downward one ; he regretted to say that his trade was an apt illustration—they were getting so bad as almost to exclude hope ; and without meaning any discourtesy to the gentleman ofthe " Fourth Estate" present , the Press , was an opponent—the Times and Chambers ' Journal especially—who assorted things as facts , which were falsehoods , and refused a rejoinder from the working men . Next to these was politicians , andjoar excellence the Manchester School-Richard Cobden in particular—who said , the working man could not answer his Free Trade nostrums ,
whilst he took care they should have no chance of so doing . ( Hear , hear . ) He thought if the working men had an opportunity they would show themselves competent to manage their affairs better than any minister ; and as a proof of the necessity of their so doing , he would instance the case of policemens coats , which formerly cost nine shillings and sixpence for labour alone , they now had more labour in them , and two shillings and sixpence only was given for the work . When this was complained of , the Lords of the Treasury affirmed that all they had to do with the matter was to see that the things were properly done at the least possible cost . Now he ( Mr . Essery ) thought this was bad morality , and would apply equally io stolen goods ., and thesooner a change took ph . ee the better . ( Cheers . ) Resolution carried uiianimouslv .
Mr . A . _Cami-beu . moved the second resolution : — "Tbat it is the opinien of this meeting of Trades Delegates that the fundamental principles put forth as tli _
a state of prosperity and security to all classes of the United Kingdom . " Mr . Campbell said—From the time they had met at the Old Bailey , ho had been making inquiry whether the trades had progressed , and was sorry to answer in the negative—notwithstanding free trade had promised to employ everybody ; but this free trade was nothing but a delusion and a snare , to entrap labour , cheapen goods , and- lessen the price of la hour . Ho contended it was the duty of all mecba nics and labourers to set their faces against such
The Metropolitan T-Rades Con-. Ference ,...
cold-blooded philosophy . The resolution related to the rules of the " National Association for tlie Organisation of Trades . " The declaration prefacing the rules declared tho land " national property " , that the suffrage should be " universal , " that education should be extensive and secular , and that a chang e should take place in our circulating medium , and that local boards of trades , with a Minister of Labour to superintend and represent them in the government or cabinet , should exist . It was contended that this Minister should havo a seat in the House of Commons , so that labour might be represented , at least in a small degree . He recollected Lord John Russell declared that such princip les were dangerous to capital and lahour , and this
ne gave as a reason lor refusing to give power to thc working classes . Tho rules also proclaimed the necessity of a graduated property tax , which no portion of the press , by the by , had' ventured to gainsay . They had men who were called Financial Reformers , and who advocated a reduction- of " ton _milljons _, forgetting that this must cause a disbanding of soldiers , & c , and an increase of unemployed labour . He thought such things would never tend to elevate the masses , and that the theory of taxation was that of taxing property to find employment for labour . He felt assured that the principles of the resolution , if carried out , would tend materially to increase the comforts , happiness , and permanent welfare of the industrious classes .
( Loud cheers . ) Ho thought they should invite the " fourthestate" to discuss those matters in their columns , and permit the trades to reply ; and by a moral and peaceable course , they would proceed onward , until they put their princi ples into practice . ( Cheers . ) Mr . _Isavc _Wilsou , ( Shoemaker , ) in seconding the resolution , said : He thought it contained some highly practical schemes for the improvement of the working classes . Tho land was tbe main thing to be looked to for thc salvation of the working classes . Mr . G . Read said : When their case was brought before parliament , Mr . labouchere said , if they took up the case of tho bakers , they would have the fustain cutters , glass blowers , & e ., & c _.,
and he wanted to know , why not * Was it not better that grievances should be made known , rather than be festering in the dark ? He hopod to see the trades , and working classes generally , unite to carry out their objects . If they wished their _successs , they must unite to obtain it . lie thought it must eventually be seen , that property was no longer secure than the producers of that property were remunerated and protected . Mr . Edward Edwards ( Compositor , ) said : He could not let the opportunity ' pass off without declaring the truth of the principles set forth ; and further , that they never could be carried out uuless they wero pushed before the public , which he thought could never be done until they had an organ of tlieir own ,
morning after morning proclaiming their principles . It was a fact , that they had not an organ in the daily press , and with one exception , none in the weekly press ; fortruoit was , there was only one weekly paper that ever had a leader in favour of the rights of labour . This was then our own fault , for if they only carried out their own principles they might bave organs in both tho daily and weekly press There was not a trade but wanted protection of some sort . If they ever expected to be benefited hy the theory of the Manchester men they would befollowinga "Will of tho wisp , " andif they followed it , depend on it , they would soon find themselves in the pit of perdition ; cheapness meant low wages , hard work , long hours , and small
remuneration . He saw no hope safe in tho establishing a public press of their own , which should bo built up and conducted by themselves . ( Loud cheers . The resolution was carried unanimously . Mr . Bates moved the third resolution ' — " That we , the Delegates of the Metropolitan Trades , being desirous of firmly establishing and extending the " National Association for the Organisation of Trades , " In order to promote the recognition of the principles embodied in the Constitution of that Association by the Legislature , pledge ourselves to do all in out power to secure tho active co-operation of all Trades in the United Kingdom ; and , also , to bring the subject prominently under the consideration of our respective Societies . " Mr .
Bates said he had been connected with this society nearly from its commencement . Trade might be a little brisk in summer time , but there was no hopo of anything like a permanent benefit . Mr . Ferndixasdo ( Weaver , ) said as thoy had adopted thc principles , he thought nothing remained but to join the _association and to impress on the men of their several trades to do the same . Thc principles propounded in this room would be heartily concurred in by the poor weavers of Spitalficlds , who had lost sixteen shillings out of the pound by the Free Trade nostrums of Iluskisson witi Co . He felt sure that the principles advocated to night , wero founded in truth and justice ,
and must ultimately prevail . Could thoso great principles ever ho made known through the Press , as recommended by Mr . Edwards , the whole people would be inoculated , and in their union they would be irresistible . ( Cheers . ) This meeting would give new life and energy to the several trades , and he was pleased it had heen called ; its usefulness was self evident , and its benefits would soon become apparent . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . Gaskor ( Coach Maker , ) said ho felt pleased in supporting the resolution , and hoped each Delegate would press the importance of thc matter on their several trades . Resolution carried unanimously .
Mr . Birsck moved the adjournment of the mooting until Wednesday evening next , November 14 th , at eight o ' clock , to discuss thc Bill for promoting employment . Mr . Leslie seconded the motion . After some _disc-ussion in which Messrs . Campbell , Edwards , Goddard , Essery , and others took part , the adjournment was carried unanimously .
National Association Of United Trades. ¦...
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED TRADES . ¦ Established 1345 . Thc winter campaign of tho above association bas commenced under the most favourable circumstances . Its former successes are remembered in the various localities ; where they were achieved and as far as appearances indicate , an active agitation is alone wanted to restore this , thc most successful , and thc only rational _iitttetriaZ movement of modern ! times , to a position of greater importance than any similar movement has ever yet attained . The Central Committee have sent their two colleagues—Messrs . Green and Robson—on a tour of agitation . Mr . Greeu has been for some weeks in thc Midland Counties—making Birmingham the centre of his operations , and his reports convoy the most cheering accounts of the enthusiastic feeling
with which he has been greeted , wherever he has declared his important mission . In many cases it appears like thc welcome given to ono loug i _> bsenv , and whose re-appenrauco was a thing rather to be desired than expected . . The dreary winter of dangers and vicissitudes which thc Labour Interests of this country are but now emerging from , it was feared , had been fatal to the fond hopes which had been created by the first promulgation of the novel and important princip les upon which this Association—known'in many parts of the country as thc ' Duncombk U > _-ion "—was established . Amidst the wreck of so many similar instilulions—it having successfully _wcatliercd the storm—speaks _trumpottongued in favour of thc accuracy of its principles ;
hence , whenever our colleagues present themseives , they meet with the warmest congratulations . Mr . Green has attended thronged meetings at Kidderminster , Bridgnorth , Stourport , Daventry , Northampton , Long Buckby , Ac . ; in each and every of which places , the _livlicst interest was evinced , and in most , committees arc formed for tho purpose of organising the locality . While engaged ill his lecture at Bridgnorth to an attentive audience , composed of a large number of tbe middle classes of the town , a messenger arrived from Kidderminster , requesting his immediate return to tbat town , to use his influence with a manufacturer whoso men—to the number of eighty , had'struck work thc previous day . Mr . Green at first doubted how far
he would be warranted in interfering on behalf of thc men , who wero not members ofthe Association , he , however , rightly judged that should he prove successful , the effect produced could not fail in proving advantageous to his cause , and if he failed , still he would at least prove thc readiness of the National Association to assist even those whose prejudices or apathy kept out of tho ranks . After the termination of ' this meeting Mr . Green with the messenger as his guide , proceeded to retrace his steps to Kiddevrainstcv _, about sixteen miies . They reached the halfway-house time enough to save a bed for the night , and finally arrived , u Kidderminster at ten next morning . He immediately paid a visit to the employer who readily enough "ranted him an interview of near two hours duration , as thc friend ofthe men , _wlii-jh terminated , if not iu every point as triumphantly as the men could
have desired , still much move advantageous than the most sanguine amongst them _eonlu have expected ; that it was unanimously voted tli : it they diould resume work , and the wannest thanks awarded to Mr . Green for his generous mid gratuitous services , with three lusty cheers in favour of thc _National Association of United Trades , and a unanimous vote of the whole firm , to the number of 150 , joining forthwith . After attending several other important meetings in Kidderminster , Stourport , & c ., Mr . Green proceeded to Devcntry , to investigate thc particulars of a case of reduction of one penny per pair upon womens' boots , which had been offered to the shoe-makers of that _toivn . Upon Mr . Green's arrival in Daventry he repaired at once to the manufacturer , who upon his introducing _liis business received him in the most courteous manner , nnd proceeded to justify thc offered reduction by the old worn-out ' plea , that to furnish em-
National Association Of United Trades. ¦...
ployment for his hauda was one ou cltiel oi ms objects . Re stated that he had the otter to supply a large shop in Oxford-street witb their ladies work , provided be would offer them at the same price as was charged by tho cast-end metropolitan manufacturer , by whom tho party was at present supplied ; and this , he said , would not bo done except the men would submit to tho proposed , and as he called it , very small reduction , which would he amply compensated by an increased amount of employment . Mr . Green combattcd the arguments advanced successfully , and it was eventually arranged that Mr . B . should attend a meeting of the shop ' s bauds aud the Committee . The meeting took place , when the merits of the case was with perfect good feeling discussed in all its hearings , when Mr . . Green being appealed to for his opinion , explained the reasons which compelled him to decide in favour of thc men . The employer finding from the firm
and decided position taken by Mr . Green that it would be useless to contend , finally yielded , to the great satisfaction of all parties concerned—not perhaps even excepting the manufacturer himself , who , in a long conference he held with Mr . Green afterwards , expressed himself in the most friendly manner , and requested to be furnished with a copy of the rules , & c , containing those principles upon which it appeared he was expected to bo governed in his futuro transactions with his men . His request was complied with , and thus was an end put to an affair that might have produced much inconvenience to the employer , and great pecuniary sacrifice to the men . One of the _firsffruits of this little victory is , that the women of Daventry , closers and binders , who in that locality form a most important element , have resolved to join thc National Association , having had such a remarkable proof of the value of such an Association .
In a subsequent report , Mr . GiiEKxdrawsa fearful picture of the horrible state of competition existing through the whole of the shoe districts of Xortbampton . In one place , ho says , he s iw a man working upon a pair of bluchers , tens , clumped , polished round sole and heel , blacked and polished bottoms , and the roan finding his own hemp , ifcc ., and the price paid for these was two shillings per pair ; and Mr . Green adds , " lam sure tliey take him and his boy a day to make . " In another passage , he describes having fallen-in with a Jew dealer , who in conversation told him that ho took an order for twenty-five dozen of bluchers , at 3 s . 2 d . per pair , which ho could get done in fire days ,
and that he had got many a pair made for Is . per pair . In another part , Mr . Green found Wellington boots , Cor something called by that name , ) made for Is . Gd . per pair , and says , "It is surprising how good the articles are turned out of hand . " This is indeed , as Mr . Green firmly describes it , a shocking state of things , and calls imperatively upon the active operation of every good and humane man to put an end to . Arc those amongst thc boasted blessings of reformed tariffs and cheap food ? Of what advantage to the poor shoe maker of North * hampton _, is cheap food , if with every reduction in the price of his loaf , his labour is to be reduced two or threefold ? Where then are we to look for
a remedy to this crying evil ? Alone to union . Not that narrow , scliish _, starveling nondescript usually ' yclept nnion , but something formed upon the basis oi universality ; for who is there amongst us who is not remotely concerned in this fearful and wide-spreading evil ? It is preposterous to suppose , that local union is in this case equal to tho emergency . Let the powerful and intelligent shoemakers of London , look to it , for it concerns them most nearly bad as the
wages of thcEast-end notoriously are , there is , it appears , " a lower depth still , " for even a Jew lias left the purlieus of Petticoat-lane , where the slaughter-houses ofthe trade are . ' so plentiful , to find that " lower-depth of low priced wretchedness in the provinces . " Wc invite , therefore , tho shoemakers of England , to aid us in agitating for a , _couxrr list , be it red , black , white , or yellow ; we care not for tho colour , provided it is at least something above this beggarly pauper ' s pv ice . William Pekl _, Secretary . November 7 th , 1849 .
Parliamentary And Financial Reform. Io T...
PARLIAMENTARY and FINANCIAL REFORM . IO THE EDITOR OP THE XORTIIEIi . V STAR . Sir—I have noticed in last week ' s Star an article extracted from the North British Mail , The Mail , it would seem , has raised an objection to the emp loyment of George Thompson , Esq ., M . P ., as a lecturer in thc causo of Parliamentary and Financial Reform , and this because he has frequently , in the course of his life , mounted tho " platform" in behalf of the people . Observing this rather whimsical objection , I was agreeably surprised to find thc Mail giving Mr . Thompson so much justice as to admit him to be " a very clever may , and one of thc most eloquent orators of the day , " * and also , "that he is as honest and sincere as he is eloquent and clever . " Now this was just the very description of the man
we solicited the Metropolitan Association to send among us , and we were exceedingly well pleased when it was known Mr . Thompson was to form one of thc party . Acting at that time as secretary ( as I do still ) , I have an opportunity of knowing that the visit of Sir Joshua Walmslcy , Messrs . Thompson and O'Connor , has given thc highest satisfaction to all classes . Wo can draw no invidious distinctions as none are deserved ; hut we know that thc visit of Mr . O'Connor , who travelled at his own expense , —as did other two gentlemen not of tho deputation _, —will be fraught with the happiest consequences in bringing about a cordial union of tho middle i ml working classes . We abominate and detest _thosa sham Radicals who , while they pretend to be true
friends to the progress of reform , sow at thc same time the seeds of discord ; such characters are everywhere to be met with , and are far from being absent in Aberdeen . But we all know them , from their being Ion" engaged in their dirty vocation of dealing in slander . Respecting Mr . O'Connor ' s character as a public man , we have thc highest esteem , and we kuow bo will be joyfully received in Aberdeen by many thousands of the people . He was so received when he came with thc deputation , and thc A _' ortA . " . fin ' ti ' sft Mail would do well to correct thc error it has been led into . Is thc editor of the North British Mail certain one of thc editors of an . Aberdeen paper did not supply him with the strictures which he bus
published upon George Thompson and leargus O'Connor ? We hope not ; hut some people take the liberty to think they were so supplied . Respecting Mr . O'Connor ' s Land Scheme , the Parliamentary and Financial Reformers have nothing to do—tbat affair is a private transaction between Mr . O'Connor and some few thousands of the people . When thc members of the Land Company make good their promises to Mr . O'Connor , we will then join with the North British Mail in denouncing Mr . O' Connor , if be shall fail to fulfil bis ; bnt we must be excused when we say , that thc Lund Company , as a body , appear to have broken faith with Mr . O'Connor , by keeping back the funds which ought to have been paid , and which would _llilVC OH *
abled lum to execute all he ever promised to do . Tho editor of the North British Mail will not say be can print his paper without types , and yet he denounces Mr . O'Connor for not purchasing land , and settling people thereon , without money . The cases are exactly parallel ; hence , the editor of the Mail must be an idiot , otherwise he must have discovered this . Is is extremely mortifying to Mr . 0 ' Connor ' s friends , to hear him constantly taunted about the failure of his favourite scheme of settling the people on thc land . Certainly the members , as a body , arc lost to every particle of _Jionoiir , when they would stand aloof with their purse and allow this ; for they must know , without money he can do nothing . Writing letters and passing votes of entire confidence _inliim , are extremely cheering ; but these aro all deception—nay , rank delusion—if no money is forthcoming . This has been practised ioilg cilOllffh ! and , although Mr . O'Connor stands in
no need ot my advice , 1 think he would do well to shake himself clear of a company which has broken faith with him . It has led him into a snare by false promises ; for he could settle the people upon the land , by virtue of thc existing law , if the subscribers would supply him with tho funds . This fact is admitted by every one , as none can doubt the right of thc purchaser of an estate to grant leases in perpetuity . Wc therefore exonerate Mr , O'Connor , and entirely acquit him of what the North British Mail has attached to his character . Thc people are to blame if there be a failure , and not Mr . O'Connor ; and we think the paid-up members of the Land Company know this to be true , for they , too , have been deceived by their faithless brethren . Sir , these few remarks I hold myself responsible for as an individual , and will support them—if need be—by farther argument . Iu tite meantime I remain , respectfully yours , Aberdeen . Jons Smart .
Prorogation- Of Parliament.—Windsor, Nov...
Prorogation- of Parliament . —Windsor , November 6 tu . —It is this day ordered by hcv Majesty b Council that the Parliament , which stands prorogued to Tuesday , the 22 nd day of November instant , be further prorogued to _Wi-dnes'lny , the 16 th day of January next . _AcciuiiNT to a Female Equestrian . —A _depbrali . _' o , if not fatal , accident has just happened to _Aladlle . Tournniro , wliobo graceful acts of equestrianism a few months since , at il . _l- rnncoui ' s
cirque , at Dniry-lanc , will be remembered by tho public . She wis engaged atNordkocping , _Swedwi _, on tho 22 nd ult ., -when suddenly theliorse she was riding took fright , and became unmanageable not being able to maintain her position . "VJdll . _Tournan-o vra _» _thrown -with great force against the balustrade which separates the circus from the pit . She was found to have rtceivod two serioua wounds on the head and a severe contusion oa the right shoulder . AU possible attention _waa bestowed on her , but , unfortunately , her life is still in danger .
.""""*"" * Jb^*"^*"^*"^*W
. """"*"" * _jB _^* " _^* " _^* " _^* W
-
-
Citation
-
Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 10, 1849, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_10111849/page/5/
-