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NR of its members, M. Albert, ouvrier, i...
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• ***"""" CHARTISr SONG.. .. . ' f tssnl...
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semea**
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«r-mlHC ^GES FROM THB *Sch EVOLUTION OP ...
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Reynolds's Political Instructor. Part VI...
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Slutiiic mmu0emtm
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Cmse of *Drubs--ia. j* k Theatbb. — The ...
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:.. .-5- * - ,.-* ¦* ;-ASTLEI'S.' V, .:....
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—----¦-¦-¦-¦-¦«---¦-«¦ MEETING OP PROTEC...
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TO TBE EDITOR OP THE TIMES.; ^v'TffF? su...
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THE NOTTINGHAM GLOVE MAKERS. TO THE FRIE...
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BRITISH COLLEGE OF HEALTH, ¦ . ; NEW-KOA...
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Social WARFAnE.—We read.'in the PatrMa. ...
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An Ambmcan.Notion of Ghosts. -* ' * I wi...
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[. oip pabr oatderlvo herbs-TIIE ONLY BATIONAL REMEDY is'., '-....-, PARR'S LIFE PILLS.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Nr Of Its Members, M. Albert, Ouvrier, I...
NR - May _^ I _* 1850- ' THE 0 THERN STAR . I i
-" -Tt I Ismltv. 5=5—: --7 ' Miiittp. -
- " -TT i _ISmltV . 5 = 5— : --7 ' _Miiittp . _-
• ***"""" Chartisr Song.. .. . ' F Tssnl...
• _***"""" _CHARTISr SONG .. .. . ' f _tssnlES & ? _iCTf 64 IE _*) BT A _-JHAHirSr EBISOKSBi ) . _» m E _^ i _« adfor eoer _^ ° _«***• *• * - _*> _" •?• " _^ rt .. _w « r' thy principles never shall founder , - _^ jS e dastetdly mi _# n » y _tetroy thy _T > est - _^ . _Lw of iratli shall mate despots knock _^ _S arofflidthec _,- _*« _aiBmdag ! _iii !" _**? _tS ! gM » biwa Mi ! el 1 _" __ _J-Sf _^ _-Eraest Jones be in bondage for thee !
_w- _**^ li _^ _t * aeli _^ . » one bana _areiomiDg ; _-flteSH-toave Erin-tby sons shall be free ! old . to * _3 othnatioBS , take _tieed-knares' take *" fa _* " " j ) _jH nd yonr weakness soon , soon shall be _QqrstreDgv 1 flt _* - „ ncta '« 'ht son of Freedom is dawning ; B « S l 0 _Il 0 _OSse ! Saxon and Celt ! O S- *" 0 * * _-te _iast God of Bight is proclaimingi _~ _& J _& , \ jLiall Europe—the whole earth shall _^ _j _Enf _lano- _** _s _^ _jg _^ and bludgeons , ana Specials _dis-^ _^^ dUraveErin-yonr sons shall be free !
Semea**
_semea **
«R-Mlhc ^Ges From Thb *Sch Evolution Op ...
« r-mlHC _^ GES FROM THB * Sch _EVOLUTION OP IB _•^ _oniPY 1848 . By Louis Blanc . Son : Tribune Omce , _Weurngton-street , straiio _. r , „• _raAa a _* o , we noticed No . 1 of this _SSXf _W _tfHt _owA _faA _^ _giS _^ rt _^ _M _^^ onr _^ _ends vrho _werexeaaerB otthe «{ S" in the years immediately preceding •• _iSVolntion . mnstremember _ftedisciissionfi SS which were so ably commented on by _TSafliai located in Pans , now arefagee _ImTcSt . from the banks of the Ehine . _l _^ Sa _S * _^^ BIano _*•*» " fo 1
J ° " " _^ _jjb _siTJOSAL 15 D THE BBF 0 BHE . n _«; ur the superintendence of M . Mswast , a _iite-Jfo _^ of sfiowy talents bnt no _infloence , the _-STcareftlly avoided Socialism . Its whole * S # t he summoned npin a _parent , a _£ _TctaSber , andUniversal SnSage , instead ofa _tt _5 t * o houses , and the electoral census . But _tela & nia l , P _^ y from _ignoran _*** a * 0 * - P _* - _** " _? _fomfear , stood aloof from those great questions at rMe tbe glory and enigma ofthe nineteenth cen-JijY- the complete suppression of hired labour , _^ 3 tie _atolidon of usury ( the privilege of capital , _tebst to be destroyed ) , the establishment ofa tbe ruins
perfect system of universal solidarity on cf competition , and the anhihilation of Proletarian-Em and want ; such are the questions that ths prejs-jnt age must solve cur perish . . ' It _tras different with the Reforme , edited -with _jsoeh vigour and conciseness by "Ferdinand Flocon , _•* - _* » was assisted by Bibeyrolles , a powerful writer , -rifted with a sort of _unpolished-profoseness of _^ _rfethat occasionally glowed with the warmth of _asothern climate . The Reforme represented in its p & ics the opinions of a committee of directors , _smposed ofthe following citizens : —F . -Arago , Deputy ; E . Beaune ; Onpoty ; Etienne Arago ; _Wt Avril ; Ferdinand Flocon ; Guinard ; Joly ,
_Jfepnty ; Ledra Bollin ; A . Lemasson ; Ch . Xes-• ge : Lonis Blanc ; Pascal Dnprat ; Becurt ; V . Srihoelcher ; and Tallier . "Without going to the viole extent of Socialism , the majority of this committee adopted its principles . [ As is proved by j programme , drawn np by Louis Blanc , and given jnihework . ] The dissensions of the Actional and the Reforme , { bough at first kept ont of view , and softened from nitual respect , increased in bitterness -until the Unquet agitation roused party feeling to a state of fawns excitement . The National , seeing that popalar opinion was on the side of the Reform , in its _cesre to engage the support ofthe middle-class , did not hesitate to confound tiie dynastic opposition
t-ith the Bepnblican party , while the Reformemainiained a haughty , distant , and even threatening _attitude towards everything that was not _thor-ragtlj- democratic . Hence arose between these two journals those vehement disputations that jmnetimes amounted to personal invective , and _tompelled the writer to place his pen under the protection of his sword . During these proceedings the revolution broke oil 5 o doubt tiie Reforme party might have made _taeaselies sole masters of the movement , for they hrion their side the faubourgs , the invigorating & ce of pure democratic principles , and all the men Bf _•"¦ _ngin- *! mindstogether with the bold and
enter-, _pmg . Bnt we never can know all that might kve been accomplished nntil the events are passed _, hi February , 1848 , a French Republic was rather la effect of the force of circumstances than of public opinion ; itwas imposed upon us rather as m historical _necesaty than as the will of a _maiorav ; was it prudent , then , for those who equally ¦ _ten-ed the destruction of the throne to be disu-ErSflin the face of their common enemy ? Besides , is National had avast number of supporters in tte provinces whom it would be neither just nor pndent to reject as enemies , and change their support into hostility in the midst of so manydan-£ 35 : and this opinion prevailed .
Ihe Provisional Government was formed , kt the two sections conld not work together . On Lonis Blanc and flocon first meeting their r _olleagues , ' * Symptoms of uneasiness passed Eke a cload over the countenances of several ; _fe those who were secretly engaged to the Begenej * knew that we brought with us the Bepublic . " Division at once ensued—the _moderates making an ' msirx W STBASGZE THE _BEPCBUC it US BIRTH .
Ibe new government was constituted . Its first ai was a proclamation containing the following wails : — " The Provisional Government , in expressing their approval of the Bepublic , only wait tbe ratification of the people , who will be immediately consulted . " This proclamation—by some _emsidered too bold , by others too timid—had given _iiain the council to stormy debates , and brought opt , clearly and distinctly , the two opposite prin-¦ _" ¦ " _ples that from that time continued to agitate the gcffernment .
Since my exile in London , I have learned that after this proclamation was sent to _thelfimiteur , _tsrbnn members of the majority had resolved to 'fithdraw it—that , having had a secret _consultafim , they made choice , of M . Bixio to carry this kid stroke into effect—that , in consequence , IL _Srio went to the Mmiteur , but the project failed titter Irom tiie refnsal ofthe Mmiteur , or that fears of the consequences caused it to be dropped . "" _lioiifh I have this from an excellent _soarce , J give it wth reserve , and will not warrant it , as I have engaged to assert nothing in this book that I can-Mi prove from my own experience . At any rate , _& attempt would have been dangerous . There _^ _ere ftnr of us in the Provisional Government that _•^ ust have been sent to "Vlncennes— -And then the psqple f - .
The people demanded the ' •' Organisation _<* Labour , " and "Ministry of Progress "—a demand which was violently opposed by _La-^ nme , and the rest of the Moderate majo-• % Ultimately , the conflicting sections a _" 1 " 8 ed on a compromise , and decreed the _for-¦^ on of the celebrated
_-j-j-ubocrg _coionssiox . A-mechanic , perfectly calm and collected , with a _™ * expression of features , advanced , holding a _Pp ? r , and read the petition forthe creation of a _^ strj of labour . I was unable to reply _consci-^ _sousl y _.-withont betraying my colleagues—so iL _feL-i _^ aitine replied . _TShile he spoke , doubt and anxiety were manifest _« tte countenances of the people ' s delegates ; and _jwsing at me as if they read their own ' thoughts in _t j ' _withlirew in silence . lore * np the following decree , published next _~ y ia the Moniteur , with the signatures of all the up . 0 * _•*' _Provisional Government : — _u , _^ _si'lering that a revolution which was made _ftSSP _^ _Ple should be made for them ; iurf •**¦ * _*" _* o put an end to the long and _nn-J-f'Sjfferings of the _workine class ;
w " _^ t'Ie question of labour is one of the highest _^ _itence ; _^ _-ftat there is none higher , or more worthy the _* Jf _™ on of a Kepublican Government ; _* ,. _-titttit is especially the duty of France to study the U ? ' _" resolve a problem that now occupies W ' lt . entitm of aU tLe industrial , classes of to _fl ? ila £ ' h ° ut the least delay , we must see how fi _* _ttul-f t 0 the _^ P _* ' _* legitimate " frwte of _^^ "Provisional Government of the Kepnjblic ' Cnf 0 pannanent committee , which shall be called -ti , X _? Committee for the Working Class , ' _•^ _e _Tj _^ _ediately appointed with the 3 pecal object _^ _denngthese iiiterests . ' _Baiahi p rael " toshow what importance the Provig _^^ _-Jvenanent attaches to the solution of this _K * _K _» to' - ' it nominates one of its members , _Co-m » _% i BSan _- » President ' of the ' Government - _^ _"iittee f the Working Cliss ; ' and anbJher .
«R-Mlhc ^Ges From Thb *Sch Evolution Op ...
of its members , M . Albert , ouvrier , its _Yice-Pre _^ _enti-- _^ ' _^ ' _;^ t _^^ _v _^^^ _^^^ -- * . _. _^ , _^ . v .., . _^ _itaSb _^^ : _^ _:- _*^ Kr _^ ° ;«? _ Bas the aeed been sown ? Tes . _Isnot Socialism , that _tos Marcely heard of before February , the allmr _^ ortant , _^ -prevailing topic of the age ? Ask _France-ask Europe ? What matter ; tten , if the work has survived him , that the individual should nave been basely c _^ _-amniated and proscribed ? The enemies of good owed him at least this honour I The hypocrisy of the majority , in calling into existence the Luxembourg commission / is made strikingly clear in _\ the following passage : — _fif li ii _Tf 111 if i iii i I
treachery ! Instead of granting the ministry of lahour and progress demanded by the people , they proposed to me the presidency of a mere committee of inquiry without a budget or any administrative resources , it was to deprive me of the means of applying to practice the principles which they intended afterwards to declare impracticable ! And when perceiving the snare I gave in my resignation , they implored me to withdraw this resignation , which was certain to excite Paris to revolt , in order to use my concessions against me , and deprive me of the confidence of the people by laying on me a burden under which they hoped I should be
crashed ! The real question , in fact , was to keep the public streets quiet without soldiers , to treat with hunger , and that without a franc ! Albert , whom tbey also , doubtless , hoped to compromise , by offering him the . vice-presidency , joined me in my opposition ; and if we yielded at last , it was , as I before said , for fear of the troubles which might have been caused by our obstinate refusal . As to the rest , unfortunately for the defenders of old society , even supposing they had deprived us ot the hope oi sharing the labours of the harvest , the power of sowing the seed remained to us . That
was the rock on which their false wisdom split ; in -that they were caught In tlieir own snare . To attempt the application of a true principle requires conditions that we were refused ,- but to ensure the future application of it requires only freedom of speech . The Luxembourg tribune is silent , Albert is in prison , and I in exile . Victories of Pyrrhus ! for the work of peaceful organisation gees on . The numerous associations now in operation in Paris are sufficient evidence ofthe unconquerable zeal of the Luxembourg delegates , a <* _reat and noble family that will never perish . The present may be snatched from ns , bnt the future 1
"We most postpone Lonis Blanc ' s complete refutation of the calumny hy which his name has heen linked with the unfortunate Ateliers _Nottonaux and'the bloody days of June . In the meantime , we again recommend this work to all who take an interest in the grand struggle for Bepnblican institutions and the emancipation of labour .
Reynolds's Political Instructor. Part Vi...
Reynolds ' s Political Instructor . Part VI . London : Dicks , Wellington-street , Strand , This Part concludes the Political Instructor We extract the following memoir of
- WTXLLUl _Cm-TAT . "William Cufiay , loved by his own order , who knew him and appreciated his virtues , ridiculed and denounced by a press that knew him not , and had no sympathy with his class , and banished hy a government that fearedhim , has achieved a celebrity that fully entitles him to a place in our Portrait Gallery . He was born in the year 1788 , on board a merchant ship , homeward bound from the Island of St . Kitts , and- is consequently sixtytwo years of age . -Cradled on the vast Atlantic , he became by birth a citizen of the world , a character that , in after life , he well maintained . His father was a slave , born in the Island of St . Kitts ; his grandfather was an African , dragged
from his native valleys in the prime of his manhood . On arriving in England , himself and his parents became free , and during his services in the cause of Democracy , he , tbe stern man , has often shed genuine tears of gratitude for this boon , and declared that the sacrifice of his life and his liberty if needed , was due to the complete emancipation of that nation which had inscribed bis name upon ihe list of freemen , and this burst of generous feeling has been , as events hava proved , no idle boast , nor has it fallen without producing its effect upon the hearts of his fellow toilers . - Soon after his arrrival in England , his father procured a berth as cook on hoard a man-of-war , and GuSav scent the years of his childhood with
his mother at Chatham ; though of a very delicate constitution , he took great delight in all manly exercises . As he advanced toward manhood , he entered the ranks of the proletarians as a journeyman tailor , and was reckoned a superior workman . He was thrice married , but . has left noissue : his only child , a boy , died in his youth . Scrupulously neat in his person , he carried a love of order and regularity even to excess in all his transactions , whether social or political , this characteristic procured him much esteem and adapted him to fill offices which men of greater' talents sought for in vain ; during his whole career , he occupied an active post in the ranks of his own trade , and was never found wanting in any of the
requisites essential to the maintenance of a character for sterling and unflinching integrity . In a letter , written by one who has known him upwards of forty years , he says , " CuSay was a good spirit in a little deformed case . I have known some thousands in the trade , and I never knew a man I would sooner confide in : and I believe this to he the feeling of thousands in the business to this day . It was always his great delight to take young men by the band and instruct them , not only in the trade , but mentally . " He disapproved of the Trades' Union movement in 1834 , and was nearly the last of his society in joining the lodge ; hut ultimately he gave way , and struck with the general body , remaining out till the last , thereby losing a shop where he had worked for many years ; since , winch time he has had but very partial _emnlov . He early saw through the deception of the
. Reform Bill ; and from 1839 " . when thestrnggle for the Charter commenced , untilhis banishment , dedicated his whole energies as a worker to the , task of enfranchising the millions ; in 1840 he was elected as a delegate from "Westminster to the Metropolitan Delegate Council , an office which he ably discharged during the long and energetic existence of that body m 1 S 42 , when the Chartist Executive , with the exception of Morgan Williams , were arrested ; he was elected by acclamation , together with Thomas Martin Wheeler , John George Drew , and James Knight , to supply that vacancy . In 1845 he was appointed one of the auditors of the National Land Company , which office he held until his arrest : he was a member of nearly every Convention which was called into existence during these exciting times , and fulfilled his duties with honour to himself and satisfaction to his constituents . Elected
as one ofthe delegates for Westminster to the -National Convention and Assembly of 1848 , he allowed his enthusiasm to overcome , his usual cooj judgment , and was singled out by the press for ridicule and " vituperation : he bore it unflinchingly , he even seemed ' fo glory in it . As early as 1842 hehad been especially singled out by the limes as a leader of the opposition in London to the Anti-Corn Law League , which facetiously denominated the Chartists as the " Black Man and his Party . ? ' Entrapped by the infernal spy-system into an almost involuntary attendance at the so-called insurrectionary meetings in the autumn of 1848 , he fell a victim ,: but he
shrank not : fight was open to him , but he refused I to avail himself of it , and during his confinement , | hoth prior and after his sentence , his spirits maintained their usual equilibrium ' . ' _^ Notwithstanding the government punishment of transportation for his natural life , it has been intimated that on reaching his destination he will receive a ticket of leave giving him his freedom in the colony . We trust this is a fact ; but whatever may be his after fate , whilst integrity in the midst of poverty , whilst honour in the midst of temptation are admired and venerated , so long will the name of William' Cuffay , a scion of Africa's oppressed race , be preserved from oblivion .
Slutiiic Mmu0emtm
_Slutiiic _mmu 0 _emtm
Cmse Of *Drubs--Ia. J* K Theatbb. — The ...
Cmse of * _Drubs--ia . j * k Theatbb . — The season terminated at this theatre on Saturday night after the performance - of The Beggar ' s Opera , Family Jars , and the spectacle of The Devil ' s Ring . Mr . Anderson delivered an address , in whicb , after slating th ' _it he had been seriously injured in his resources , he proceeded to say ;—'' lhe great difficultyof converting this theatre into a temple of the legitimate drama after the various uses to which it has heen devoted—the opposition I have encountered in the shape of three foreign theatres— -the positive coolness of tbe public press , without one cheering word of encouragement— -all these have combined to bring about what , in one sense , may be called my partial failure . TMr . Andersen appeared-to be very much
affected at -this stage of his address , and made a pause of several moments . ] : A man placed at the head of such an establishment necessarily has a great many enemies as well as friends ; but : I . am happy to say' that the kindness ' of my friends has to . ' _spme extent counterbalenced the "malignity of my enemies . ( Cheers . ) I realiy feel totally inadequate to _erprea my views on this occasion . . Your-kindness , mv friends , has been very great , notwithstanding all these discouraging circumstances ; and though I am at present beaten , I am not by any means discouraged . At Christmas next I shall renew the battle bf the _legitimacy of the national drama , when I hope once more to be favoured with -jourcheering . approbation ; I b _^ _- _^ _cmx _^ _' _^^ AV 4 _^^^ .
Cmse Of *Drubs--Ia. J* K Theatbb. — The ...
pany , to tender you our warmest thiiSkrf- 'for tKe kindn « s _^ _oitJiaveiextended . fo us _/ and . linow'bid you most- respectfully farewell . " Mr . Anderson then retired amidst _loiid _applauafs from' all " ¦ parts bf the house ; - ' . ;;;/ ; ; ' ;• " - _•* n' _^ . - . ;• _.= -. f . t . . _ .-. ¦ ¦¦¦
:.. .-5- * - ,.-* ¦* ;-Astlei's.' V, .:....
:.. _.-5- _* - ,.- _* ¦* ; -ASTLEI _' S . ' V , _.:.,:. . . -. * --The grand Easter spectacle : entitled The Four Sons of Aymon , which we . noticed at the time of its production , still continues to be the chief attraction of this theatre ; and the perilous adventures of the brothers , aided , by appropriate scenery > dresses , and decorations , gorgeous processions , and splendid tableaux , deserve a full share of public patronage and support . . In the circle , the-graceful riding of Mr . A . PoweU and Miss Averyas . the Inca and his
, bride , deserves especial notice ; . asalso Mr . _Batty's hi g hly framed palfreys , introduced by Mr . Bridges . Miss , Barrand was ; exceedingly graceful -as "Abundance ; and the daring riding _anf driving of Mr . O . Adams , as the Courier of St . Petersburg , was deservedly applauded , The Wellington Statue ,, represented by Barry , the celebrated clown , and a little mouse pony , elicited roars'of laughter and applause . A laughable farce , called' the Weaver of Lyons , concluded the evening ' s entertainments .
—----¦-¦-¦-¦-¦«---¦-«¦ Meeting Op Protec...
— _---- _¦ _- _¦ _- _¦ _- _¦ _- _¦« _--- _¦ _- «¦ MEETING OP PROTECTIONIST DELEGATES . On Monda y morning at an early hour the delegates deputed hy the various agricultural societies ; throughout the united kingdom to confer with the acting committee of the National Association a ssembled at the the offices of the Association South Sea-house . Some preliminary business having heen disposed ofj the following address waB read and unanimously adopted : — The Acting Committee of the National Association for the Protection of Industry and Capital throughout the British empire to the gentlemen now in London , deputed by the agriculturists in all parts of the united kingdom to confer with the Association on the present critical and alarm * ing position of the agricultural and other important interests of the country .
Gentlemen , —The unprecedented and unequivocal demonstration exhibited by the assemblage in the metropolis of so many hundred individuals of yonr high respectability , position , and influence , delegated by countless thousands throughout the length and breadth of the land to express their deep conviction ; of the ruinous impolicy of tbe system of free imports and the imminent danger of longer continuance iu a course which is rapidly displacing and degrading labour and exhausting and destroying capital , can scarcely fail to produce a powerful effect on tbe public mind , and may not be without its influence even on an infatuated parliament and a weak and obstinate Ministry . It will at least be obvious , tbat the inconvenience and expense attend _, iug your absence from your homes and your local duties would only be encountered under the deepest sense of the overwhelming urgency of the
occasion . We are anxious that the benefit to be derived to the great cause of protection by this meeting shonld not be restricted to a mere demonstration of opinion and of power . We believe that the intercommunication for which this Conference has afforded opportunity cannot fail , to be productive . of the best general results . But in order that your individual zeal and energy may , when you return into your respective counties and localities , be -directed to practical measures , under the guidance of the great principles of combined and disciplined action for the attainment of one common end , we venture respectfully to offer for your consideration and adoption some practical suggestions which we believe you will admit to be of the highest and most pressing importance .
From the tint formation of the association it has been the desire of its committee'to abstain from officiously interfering witb the most perfect freedom of sentiment as to the particular mode in which relief may be best sought from the disaster and ruin brought on all the productive classes of the nation by the rash and cruel system of miscalled free trade . But you are aware that we have always en . deavoured to direct opinion in favour of the principle of Protection , and to embody action in the effort to force a dissolution of Parliament as the indispensable means for obtaining effectual relief of any description . In onr conviction of the propriety of this course we are strengthened and confirmed by all that has recently occurred , and in this opinion we think , after the experience of the present session , yon will coincide .
And now , distressing as it is to perceive the indifference of our representatives to the wrongs and complaints of a suffering people , we are cheered by the unmistakeable evidence continually afforded tbat tbe Ministry totters to'its fall , - and by the prospect tbat the people -will ere long be enabled to choose representatives deserving and possessing their confidence . A dissolution of Parliament cannot now be remote , and may occur much earlier than is generally imagined . If Protection is to triumph , Protectionists must be _^ repared for the struggle a dissolution will bring . ' . The two great points on which preparation is indispensable to success are—close and untiring at . tention to the registration of electors , and a timely _, selection of fit and proper candidates .
For the efficient performance of the first of these requisites we earnestly recommend that on your return to your respective counties you should first , without delay , complete the organisation of your districts , arranging , if possible , forthe ' establishment of a regular central society in each county or division , with district committees in the principal market towns , as suggested in the resolutions of the organisation - committee of this association on the 11 th of February'last . Let each committee , then ,
obtain lists of the registered electors in every parish within the district , together with lists of " persons claiming to be placed on the register , and those to whose continuance thereon notice of objection has been given . Let them , also , carefully ascertain whether there . be any individuals of Sound Protectionist principles not on the register on whose behalf claims for insertion may he made , or any persons of free trade principles onthe list to whose continueamy npon it objection may be taken , and oa whom the necessary notices ought to be served .
The information obtained on these several points should be transmitted by the district committees to the central society of the county or division ; it wili then be necessary for tbat ' central society to appoint an active and discreet professional agent , to arrange all the proceedings in legal - form , and to attend personally the course of . the revising barrister , to promote the claims and objections of wbicb notice may have been given . Lists of the registered electors of counties may be obtained from the clerks of the peace for 6 s ., and the expense of all requisite proceedings , which has : usually been greatly exaggerated , will be found , as compared with the benefits that may be reasonably anticipated , tobe really trifling .
But the other point to which we have alluded is scarcely second in importance . When a dissolution takes plaice the general election will , without doubt _. immediately follow ; and if individuals , possessing every qualification for the office of the representatives , are then first called on to come forward as candidates , in necessary doubt as tothe cbances of success the more prudent will shrink from encountering tbe certainty of expense for an object of uncertain attainment , while those of the highest and best feelings will not expose themselves
to the probability of ( what they would consider ) the humiliation of defeat , Nor without previous concert can it be expected that the support of an extensive and scattered body of voters can be concentrated in favour of any individual hastily brought forward , and probably in opposition to the previous views and wishes of many whose assistance is of the highest importance . Hence it may occur , as it bas frequently done , that , throug'i the principles of the constituency are the same , apathy , or division' is exhibited , and the election is lost . ' To obviate these evils we propose to you : —
¦ That as soon . as possible after your return to your respective localities a meeting , should be convened by each central society at the most convenient place within the county or division , which should be attended by the chairman and deputy-chairman of all committees within . the same , arid to which should tie invited all such leading individuals favourable to Protection as may be considered likely to take interest ih an election and to influence ' its results . At this meeting some fit' and proper person or person s ;
wnether the sitting member or members or _otherwise ; ' ia whose favour it may be _suppoised- tbe ' _- _' sup _; port of the electors might be publicly united , should be agreed on ; ' Application 6 hould then be made to such individual to ' allow himself to be announc ed as a candidate at the earliest opportunity , provided such :. arequisition ; should be presented . _to-huni . as would : afford , a reasonable assurance pf success j . and on his consent , subject to , snch . condition , _acquisition to the following effect ' should be drawn no , and
—----¦-¦-¦-¦-¦«---¦-«¦ Meeting Op Protec...
_•«^? _S _^^ dStfict- _$ m fi § ir & for them to ttonto ev _eryBritlshlEtl _* , _^ _titionoftheVoduce _SltT _^^ _* ; Un « 8 triotedcoinpe _caMdate for the _reSntS _ftisM _™® _" _^^ . ' ?* fa parliament , _wheneveri by _^ _rtQ _^ _fcrt- J _7 _T * £ _$ siott vacancy may occnr therefe . _SK £ _w » <* _¦?¦*«"•*•• ¦ •» . ftvent ; oW _consents _nrt ou ? _teiiS ! : 8 elve ! ' in the juu tue _at
. _»»«» .. •» _jeapossmia expense "" _, By thoresnlt of tbis appeal . to th _^^ _on-atituencies after : it has been- act _vely worked vZ _i-f r '< _^ dto _-t a _^^ _babflibes o success ; and we " are full > _SeSded She _mLt _"I" ! _T , P 0 _^* - _* _^ tS nt ing _. the most valuable class of men to stand _forward as candidates , t will in many , instances avert aTn && 'tin * _? orehand ; to ° « _w- _« SS Sit ?? _' casM where the Lealmay nty _, the attempt will have been valuable ; -for having ! L _« _Z _7 ' ° "r friend 8 wil be spared tbe anxiety taffffli ? " 1 nSe , ess 8 trug 8 _& Each requisrT _? _rulvi " a ? eryCa 6 e be asure 'oter ; and the £ ntaS r _* DUed ffHh con 8 tanl'y _increasing whih Si ? , _? e m ° ment 0 f actioa shall arrive , for orepted _^ hen _^ us assured , you wi ! l be thoroughly
h » _3 _nSi 0 Bly iac ° _ocl"aion add that , though we _StvSfiri _^ - Su _^ e 8 tlons nominally to the On behalf of the acting committee , South _ZTh FH r EDERl mber 8 in attendance , the Tavero , where the business ofthe day proceeded . '
To Tbe Editor Op The Times.; ^V'Tfff? Su...
TO TBE EDITOR OP THE TIMES . ; _^ _v'TffF ? su rP ri 8 e . I observe my name among the list of delegates said to be on the platform at _SSffW'ft ' _?* ti 0 a ? _^ eiatlTflrtht Protection of Industry and Capital " hold ve * . terdav at the Crown a / d Anchor . ; I bVg to inform you _tnat the nearest I was to tho platform wasS other extremity of the Ball ; and let me add ! that I am in no way connected with the » Association " . calling the meeting , and merely attended as . a spectator . lam sure you will correcta mistake for which your reporter may not be responsible . ¦ " I am , dear sir , yours , & c , _„"« ,., _Samcki , M . Ktdd . 31 , Winchester-street , Pentonville , May 8 th , 1830 .
The Nottingham Glove Makers. To The Frie...
_THE _NOTTINGHAM GLOVE MAKERS . TO THE FRIENDS OF LABOUR'S RIGHTS . A great proportion of the population of Nottinghamshire , Derbyshire , and Leicestershire , are engaged in the manufacture of shirts , drawers , hose , gloves , & e ., and are known as framework-knitters . It is generally known that these people have been subject to seasons ' of great depression , and the infliction of serious and almost innumerable impositions of such magnitude that it was next to impossible for tho workmen to subdue them ; but seeing a favourable opportunity about '" eighteen months ago , the various branches came to a determination to unite for the purpose of bettering their condition . Amongst the foremost were the glovemakers , who , with great expense , and still greater
exertions , extended their union wherever tbey found gloves makine ; they effected a regulation of prices , and things have gone on prosperously , the system operating beneficially for . all honest parties connected with the business . But there are a certain class of men in connexion with it , called middle-men , who have created , within the last few weeks , a confusion unprecedented in the annals of the trade . It is the duty of these persons to bring material from the manufacturer and deliver it to the workman , and when worked up to take it back , for which they receive from Is . 3 d . to ls . 6 d . per frame , and there are some of them holding as many as ninety frames ; but if we take the number at sixty , and the profit at ls . 3 d . ; we find that these
middle-men . would receive £ 3 15 a . per vreek from tho earnings ofthe poor workmen , whose average earnings ; when employed , is 9 si . 9 d . per week , according to a printed statement just issued by the middle-men . But . perhaps it may be advisable to show the way in which deductions are made from the workmen ' s wages : we will suppose them to be making what are called No . CO thread gloves , which are 2 s . 8 d . per dozen pairs , the warehouse price ; of these a man would make six dozens per week , which would amount to 10 s . ; from this he would have to pay for stitching , 4 s . * , winding , 6 d . j frame rent and middle-men ' s profit , 2 s . Gd . ; framestanding' needles ; fire , candle , & o ., ' would amount to nearly Is . more , which makes 8 s . ; and this deducted from the first price f 16 s . ) , leaves 8 s . dear for the workman at the end of the week ; while the middle-man ( or , as he is called in some parts of
England , the huckster of work , ) would receive for a . less amount of labour £ 3 15 s . Ifthereisany loss by material'in'this "branch" it'falls-upon the workman , as all he receives is weighed to him , and he must return'the same weight / or pay for it , although waste in the workmanship is unavoidable . Again , the workman must pay his rent and charges even if he does no work , and there are instances of recent occurrence where they have been , paid for the time men were ill in bed ; for instance , —one man was-ill three weeks , and on resuming work , he had 9 s . deducted from his earnings to pay rent and charges for the time he had been sick ; another was ill' mno weeks , and though thc owner of the frame did not claim the rent , the middle-man took 17 s . as his charges for doing nothing ! regardless of the destitute condition ofthe workman's family : many such cases could be mentioned . ' But tbe avarice of
these middle-men ib not yet satisfied , and they are united to impose still greater charges upon tbe workmen , and also to break our union . But the meii are not willing to submit to such iniquitous proceedings , and , in consequence , there are now at least 1 , 700 glove makers out of work , tho greater part of them having been forced out by the middlemen , because thev were ainxious to assist thoso who first struck work to resist the payment of such enormous charges ; the workmen have no other resource , as did they work , the charges would be deducted whether they were willing or not ; and now some portion who have been forced out by the middle-men , are told ' 'they will be allowed to resume work , providing they will agree not to assist-their
suffering brethren ; hut they scorn to go to work on such degrading terms , and Knowing they have justice on their side ,-are content to wait the issue , not doubting that truth will out at last , and those who have misrepresented their case , and dono them wrong , will be confounded . The middle-men have talked of settling the matter by arbitration , and the men would gladly do so on just principles . Beforo any hands wero out they offered an unconditional arbitration ; this , ' the middle-men would not agree to , hut would arbitrate oh one point , and oii others be silent , and only this on condition that the workmen would rescind some of their resolutions ; but , of course , they would not do so , and their only hope is to starve them into oompliance , and to effect this they would descend to the most despicable acts , either to prevent the men from gaining any other
employment , or from obtaining assistance in any way . We are therefore induced to appeal to all who would assist in this desperate struggle ,- —it is for the very life of the union ,- —it is for the protection of prices , —it is for the means of elevating ourselves to our proper state in society _. —it is to save ourselves from being trampled upon , and brought into a more degraded ' position than we havo ever before been . Fellow working-men , •— brother unionists , —labour ' s _fdns _,- —will you help us ? We mustwini—we dare ' notlose thisstruggle , if we do all hope is gone . We , are determined to struggle peacefully through , —will you uot make our passage a little smoother ? If we-go . down , all around us must follow , as we-are the strongest and . most firmly united ; -All favours or assistance directed to the General Secretary , Samuel Blackwell , Bulwell , Nottinghamshire , will be duly acknowledged .- |
British College Of Health, ¦ . ; New-Koa...
BRITISH COLLEGE OF HEALTH , ¦ . ; NEW-KOAD , LOHDON , . _, TO THE FINANCIAL & SOCIAL REFORMERS THROUGHOUT GREAT BRITAIN . ¦ _' '" FEiiow-Cou , NTRTMB . \ ,--Provo , as most _easily you can , how the doctors tor ages cheated , tho people on the question oi their health , and : all tho reforms that you demand must follow , and that ,, too , 'in quick _sttewssion . The dishonesty of the medical body oan be most easily established . . ' * '" . ! We are , Fellow-Countrymen , ' Yours in tho cause oi Salutary Reforms / ¦'¦' ¦ TnE Members of * the British : College , April 11 th , 1850 .. _;* .- ;• . -of Health .
Social Warfane.—We Read.'In The Patrma. ...
Social WARFAnE . —We read . 'in the PatrMa . few days since : — " The following is an-act of spirit and po litical ' courage , which we cannot but applaud . The proprietors ofthe Magazins de Villes de Franco employ eighty shopmen ; seventy-eight of them who had voted for the Socialist candidate havo recoived their dismissal by the following letter . —'• Paris , April 29 . —Sir , —The electoral question lias become in our eyes a " struggle , tho result pf . . which will bo either the salvation . or the _" loss of society . Any employe who , ' by his vote contributes to the ruin of the country in ' general- and of trade " in ' ¦ ¦ particular , is henceforth'hostile to ' us ; and , - ' consequently ; :, wd cannot retain him .: Such , is tho _. motive . which has determined us to inform you that , from this moment you cea » e to form part of our _estaMiahmehi ' . ' •"""'"' .: - _;';* _1 n '? _.- " < Ak . _;; ' . _v-X [ _.- ?¦ ¦ ' _i-xdir . ' A . _.-. X
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An Ambmcan.Notion Of Ghosts. -* ' * I Wi...
An Ambmcan . Notion of Ghosts . - * ' * I wi 8 V T w _??! a _&\ } _w » _Lt _\&™ V' ' _saidbnebf ' the _B'hoys _' _theiother night , as he sat _soliloquisihe _itfth ' _o cold . '"They , goes _' whenever _' they _plei _^ oflSi ' Thev don't owenobddy nothing ,- 'and that ' s a'cb ' nifo ' rt . ' . Whoever-heard tell of ' a . man who had a bill against' a ghost'' -nobody , They never has tobuy hats ; and victuals ,: andliquori : nor . has to saw wood atid irun arrants , as I do . Their skirts never . gets dirty , nor their trousers ont at the knees , as I ever heerd tell on . / Ghosts is the only independent people 1 knows on : ' I really" wish ' I was one , blame me if I don ' t . "
The Teetotaller Outwitted . —The late , Dr . Ohanning was one day paying toll ,-when he perceived a notice of gin-tobacco , rum , < fcc ; , on aboard which bore' a strong resemblance to a gravestone . "I am glad to see , " said the doctor , to . the girl who received the toll , "/ that you have been burying these things . ! ' "And if he had . " , said the girl , ' *' - ! don't doubt you would have gone chief mourner . " ' Truth . —Truth , whether in or . ' out of fashion , is the measure of knowledge , and the business of the understanding ; whatsoever is besides tbat , however authorised by consent , or recommended by rarity , is nothing but ignorance , or something worse . . Bulls . —A bull—which must by no means be past over in the recapitulation of the family of wit and
humour—a bull is exactly the counterpart of a witicism ,: for a wit discovers real relations that are not apparent , bulls admit apparent relations that are , not real . The pleasure arising from bulls proceeds from ' our surprise at suddenly discovering two things to be dissimilar in which a resemblance might have been suspected . The same doctrine will apply to wit and bulls in action . Practical wit discovers connexion or relation between actions , in which duller understandings discover none ; and practical . bulla originate from an apparent relation between two actions which more correct understandings immediately perceive to have none at all ; In the late rebellion in Ireland , the rebels , who had conceived a high degree of indignation _aeainat some
great ; banker , passed a resolution that they would burn his notes ; which they accordingly did , with great assiduity ; forgetting , * that in burning his notes they were destroying his debts , and that for every note which went into the flames , a correspondent value went into the banker ' s pocket . A gentleman _^ in speaking of a-nobleman ' s wife , of great rank and fortune , lamented very much that she had no children ; A' medical gentleman who was present observed , that to have no children was a great misfortune , but he thought he had remarked it was hereditary in some families . . Take any instance , of this branch of the ridiculous , and you will always find an apparent relation of ideas leading to a complete inconsistency . — Sidney Smith . ' .
Why is ah unwelcome visitor like a shady tree ? We are glad when he leaves . Wnt is a beggar unlike a baker ?—Because one needs his bread before he raises it , and theother raises it before he kneads it . The Present State of the Drama according to Mr . Russell , one of the ' speakers at the late Shakspere festival is evidenced by a bill which he saw at Derby the other day , " bearing' " Ten years of a transport's life , " " The felon mother , " " Horrible murders ! " "Blue fire , " To finish with the dismal swamp . " As the same gentleman entered a town in Derbyshire , where he was announced to read "Lear , " and , " As you like it , " one of the inhabitants said to another , " _Shakespere ' s _coroin- ? to-¦
day . " " Hast thee seen him ? _' " * was the rejoinder . " What is he liko _•*"; _'•* ' Why , " replied sharp eye , , " a man in a blue coat with a book under his arm . ' . ' We have it on the authority of a venerable lady , who formerly kept a boarding school at Stratford , that Shakespere was very little thought of till Leamington became a ' watering place . Tom Dibdin had a cottage near , Box-hill , to which , aftor his theatrical labours , he was delighted to retire . One stormy night , after Mr . and Mrs . Dibdin had gone to bed some time , Mrs . D ,, being kept awake by the violence of the weather , ' aroused her husband , exclaiming , " Tom , Tom , get up !" " What for ? " said he . " Don't you hear how very bad the _. wind-is ? " ''Is it ? " replied Dibdin , half asleep , though he could hot help punniner i " Put a
peppermint lozenge out ofthe window , my dear , it is the best thing in the world for the wind . " A common-councilman ' s lady , paying her daughter a visit at school , and inquiring what progress she had made in her education , the governess answered , "' Pretty good , madam , miss is very attentive ; if she wants anything , it is capacity ; but for that deficiency you know you must not blame her . " "No , madam , " replied the mother , " but I blamo you for not having , mentioned it before . Her father , thank God , can afford his daughter a capacity ; j arid I beg she may have one immediately , cost what ; ijt may . "' . " ; _Bot , whydon'tyou go to school ?"— " Bekase , sir , daddy ' s " afraid "if "I learns every thing now , I _shan'thave anything to learn When I comes to go to . the ' cademy . " . " . . ' " _' ¦ . . ' _'' '
Nobodi likes to' meddle with a woman whose disposition contains the essence of lightening , vitro ) , . cream of tartar , and hartshorn ; who manufactures words by the * mile , and measures their meaning in a thimble . Alexander the Great , seeing Diogenes looking attentively at : a large collection of . human . bones _piled ' ono upon another , asked tho philosopher what he was looking for ? " " -Iam searching , " said Diogenes , " for the bones" of your 'father , but I cannot distinguish : them from those of his slaves . " . Mr . Emerson is reported to have perpetrated the following in one of his New York lectures . Speaking of the improvements of the age , ho said— " Gravitation is made to pull to some purpose , and tho sea , no longer allowed to welter in lazy magnificence , is used for the objects of industry , and made to pay for its salt . "
The , Poser Posed . —In a jolly company , each one was to ask a question ; if it was answered , he paid a forfoit ; or if he could hot answer it himself , he paid a forfeit . . Pat ' s question was— " How the little fround-squirrel digs his' hole without showing any irt about the entrance . 1 " , When they all gave lip , Pat said , . . '• _"' Sure , do you see , he bogins at the other end of the hole . " One of the rest exclaimed , " But how does he got thereV ' _- _^ "Ah ! " said Pat , " that ' s your question—can you answer it yourself ?" The following question is said to have created tremendous . excitement before the Hardscrable Debating Institution : " What is the difference between there being conscience enough in all women , and women cnoughin all conscience 1 " After three weeks' discussion , the president decided " there was a difference ; but wherein it consisted he was quite uncertain . " An Ingenious Suicide . —Sir William Hankford
had been a well conducted mari , but he was of a melancholy temperament , and he became tired of life , notwithstanding the high position which he occupied and the respect iri ' which he was held . Ho wished to " shuffle off this mortal coil , " but ho was afraid to commit suicide in any vulgar way , at the time when a verdict of feld de ' se always followed such an act , and tho body oftho supposed delinquent was buried in a cross roa , d _, with a stake thrust through it . Ho at last resorted to this hovel expedient , by which he
hoped ' not only that tho forfeiture of ' his goods would be saved , but that his family would escape _tho-anguish and the' shame arising from the belief that ho had fallen by his own hand . Several of his deer having been stolen , he gave strict orders to his keeper to shoot any person he met within or hear the park at night who would ; not stand when challenged . ' 'Ho . then iri the'dark night threw himself in the . kccper ' s way , and ' refused to ' stand when challenged , was shot dead on the spot . —Campbell ' s Chief Justices ' of England . ' / ' * _'" _ ¦ ¦' _ : ' ' . _
National -Education . —I have ever observed it to have been the office ' of a wise patriot , among the greatest affairs of the state , to take caro of the common wealth- Of learning . For schools , they are the seminaries of state * and . nothing is worthier the study of a statesman , than that part ofthe republic which , wo call the advancement of . letters .-Ben Jonson , . _''•'• Ai * awkward man attempting to carve a goose , droppod it upon the floor . " There now , " exclaimed the wife ' ' " we ' ve lost our dinner , " " Oh no , my dear , " answered he , "it ' s safe enough ; I ' vo got my foot on it . " ' . ' _r . _RAPiDiTXOF _Electricitv . —Professor Wheatstono has come to the conclusion that electricity travels quicker than light . One hundred and ninety-two thousand miles lh ' asecondis the velocity of light ; but the electrioity which passes through our wire will travel two hundred and eighty-eight thousand miles in a second . Through a wire like this , it would
go round the earth twelve times m a second , or six tiihes while a tiian takesa single step . ' A man passes _foiir feet in a second ; a race-horso forty ; a haro eighty-eight ; the ' strorigestwirid . s eighty-two ; sound 1 , 038 ; ' a twonty : fOur ; pounder from tho cannons mouth ' 1 , 300 ; but here we get . 288 , 00 i 3 mite in the sa ' mo ' peviod of time , This ¦ power we cannot merely _exbito , but , give its strength , and causo it ' to pass through' bodies at a _nibst / extraordinary rate , and detect all its varied phenomena , in . all" the forni 3 of apparatiisbefore iis . We can take account of its sm ? _llest portion , can estimate the amount and strength of a certain-quantity , and _"disposo of itherc and there with _a-. vpndbrful exactness . It is ' neither too swift tobeguiiled _. _'hor ' tob . subtle ' tb escape , but is delivered over into our hands , _fosethcr with the grosser power , of nature , for otU _' _comJoi't , advancement , and elevation ; . , ' : ' : ' ¦ " I ' m -sitting on the style , Mary , " as the lover said when ho seated himself . on a bonnet of the latest Paris fashion .-.. ¦ '' . ' . '"'
¦ _Mesmsric Influence . —We have received from a correspondent the followingvery extraordinary circumstances respecting the arrival , at , Peterhead , on the 3 rd instant ; of the Hamilton : Ross , whaler , eai _* ly intheseasoni beyond any former , precedent _^ _^ he has made the voyage out andun , m two . montlis and three _^ _daysi bein ? the quick eat evenmade ,: and brings 153 _tuns'Of blubber . . •* This remarkable event was _dis < \ ! '' ; . ' ' :... ' j _,.:: _\\ . J ; ::. '; - ' ' ' :- 1 " _liiji ; - '' _* ' _' - "• : •"¦ '
An Ambmcan.Notion Of Ghosts. -* ' * I Wi...
tinctly and positively announced by a boy under mesmerio influence iri Peterhead v . IIe stated lately ; inthe presence of a large audience , that the Hamilton Ross would be the first vessel to arrive , on the Sth of May , with 14 , 000 . seals . ( about 150 tuns ) . The boy was asked _whathesawon boardthe Hamilton Ross at the time he was speaking , and replied , that he saw the captainand doctor in the cabin hanging oyer the mate , who bad got his'hand hurt , a circumstance which proves to have been true at the exact date mentioned . At the same time the boy stated that _•^ _Jolnr Franklin was quite well , but looking thin , ? _k -. IS" i return safe _- ' Owe correspondent adds , tnat * tne above mentioned _circomstances have thrown the inhabitants of _Peterhiiad into a state of great excitement .-Morning . Chronicle ¦
[. Oip Pabr Oatderlvo Herbs-Tiie Only Bational Remedy Is'., '-....-, Parr's Life Pills.
[ . oip pabr _oatderlvo herbs-TIIE ONLY BATIONAL REMEDY is ' ., ' _-....-, PARR'S LIFE PILLS .
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The Advantages derived from taking _Pabr's Lira Puis ar * j 1 st —Long Life and Happiness . 2 nd . —Sound and Refreshing Sleep . 3 rd . — Good Appetite . ith . —Energy of Mind and Clearness of Perception . 6 th . —General Good Healtli and Comfort . Uth . —They are found , after giving them a fair trial for a few weeks , to possess the most Astonishing and Invigorating . Froperties . - To have produced a medicine so benign and mild in its operation and effects , and yet so effectual in searching out and curing disease of however long standing , exhibits on the part of Old Parr deep research and a thorough knowledge of his subject .
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fiN PREVENTION , OUEE , AND _yJ General character of SYPHILUS , STRICTURES . Affections of the PROSTRATE GLAND , VENEREAL ani SCORBUTIC ERUPTIONS of the face and body , Mercurial excitement , ic , followed by a mild , successful and ezpedi * tious mode of treatment . ¦¦¦ ; ! Thirty-first edition , Illustrated by Twenty-Six Anatomical Engravings OB . Steel . New and improved Edition , enlarged to 196 pages , just published , prict 2 s . Gd ; or by post , direct from _th-j Establishment , ' 3 s . Cd . In postage stamps . " THE SILENT FRIEND , " a Medical Work on Venereal and Syphilitic Diseases , Secondary Spmptoms , _Gonorrhtea , < fcc , with a PRESCRIPTION FOR THEIR _PREVENTION ;
Ad00323
OIONG THE MAN Y DISCOVERIES Ia' th ' at . cbaracterisc the present age , none have contributed so much to the comfort and caso of the community , nor conferred such a boon upon suffering humanity , ' a 3 tho important discovery of Blair ' s Gout and ¦ Rheumatic Pills , the efficacy of wliich lias been tested by the approval and recommendation of many of the greatest men of our _dalv . They are effective for KMit and rheumatism mall its various forms , including seiat : ca , lumbago , painsi in the head and face , frequently treated as toothache , Ac . They require neither confinement nor attention of any kind , and invariably prevent the disease attacking the stomach , ffi _rSr'W vital part : in testimony of which Mi * . Bhke' Kinescliffc , Northamptonshire , _writestwelve ? ears ago I became afllicted with rheumatic cout 1 _procured the best advice possible , but without dcrivino- benefit and the doctors r-commended , me to go to the Stamford Infiminr _) _-, where I continued twelve weeks , _Ziinff . it without obtaining any benefit , and aU my hope
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 11, 1850, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_11051850/page/3/
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