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j0LY il 1646; , - :.:.: : - ;:; : 'X ;: ...
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-foreign ^obements
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«' And ! will war, at least in words,.^j...
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* "Jlerelarions of Bussia in lSiO^" by a...
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LORD ABERDEEN, THE NUNS OF MINSK,
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THE CHOLERA. Ani*s, Jhxe 3. The cholera,...
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THE AF7AlIt3 OF CHILI. (From the Times.)...
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THE AUSTRIAN ARMY. • According to the Au...
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TURKISH ROMANCE OF REAL .LIFE. Know ye t...
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LOSS OF A LIEUTENANT AND FIVE SEAMEN OF ...
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THE FRATERNAL DEMOCRATS.
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.The usual weekly meeting of. this socie...
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Elihu BimniTT. inE Learned Blacksmith —This
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extraordinary man arrived in Liverpool o...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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J0ly Il 1646; , - :.:.: : - ;:; : 'X ;: ...
j 0 LY il 1646 ; _, - :.:.: _- _; : ; 'X ; : . _- .- ..... the _NbRTHfRN s _^ _fe : _^^^"^^^" _^^^ _x . ' .. _u-- ; - _..- ¦„ : ; _.-.,, _* _...-,,,,,... ' :: ; . r ——— ' "" ' _¦^ - » _———^[—^^^^ _¦¦¦¦¦¦ -.. ¦ : : ¦ . ¦ ¦ .. ¦ -.... . _ ¦ - _.-.- . ' .
-Foreign ^Obements
-foreign _^ _obements
«' And ! Will War, At Least In Words,.^J...
« ' And ! will war , at least in words , . _^ j _^ shonldmy chance so happen- _^ deeds , ) _yfitb . all who war with Thought !" -1 flunk I hear a little bird , who sings " The people _* 5 and b ? _" _*& _te _tte strol _« _cv- _"—Btkc jr .
_REYELATIOSS OF RUSSIA . * so . n . We shall confine ourselves this week to the followjD f extracts illustrating the person and character of inK TTKAXT NICHOLAS . XicoUi _? anlovitcli , or _"Nicholas the son of Paul , " according to the universal habit of llussian nomenclatures , is nowis theprimeof life . He is of commanding stature , and presents , not only the most imposing aspect of any living sovereign , bat , as perfect as be is colossal in the pro portions ofhis form , he may really be ranked amongst the handsomest men of Europe . "When the whole ofhis guard , consisting of sixty thousand of the picked men of his empire , is reviewed by liim in the Champ de Mars , the eve ofthe spectator may vsanly wander over its ranks to
find anyone worthy of comparison with him . for figure , for manly "beauty , or for majesty of inien . "When he gives the word of command , tlte deep and sonorous tones of his Yoiceturffl , distinctly audible over the vast plain where an army is manoeuvring , or a crowd looking on , as different from the voices ofhis numerous _commanders as the notes of an organ te thc treble of a child . He is seen , however , to more advantage on feat than on horseback , because , being a stiff and a very timid rider , the chargers he rides in public have always been _"lnane-jed" into the rocking-horse cauter of the pitiable beasts which figure : n the theatrical circus;—so that in the eyes of an Englishman this circumstance qualifies yery materially the admiration his splendid equestrian figure would otherwise excite .
fiicbolashas -uso of late years adopted the habit of Staring around him with an dr of severity , apparently imagining that his sternness of aspect imposes , whereas , like everjthing assumed , it has a contrary . effect , and rather takes away _frotn the awe which his majestic figure ani features cannot fail to _excite . * * * , # The immediate family of the emperor consists ofthe empress , his wife , one surviving brother , the Grand Duke _Michatl , already mentioned , and _siA'aral sons and _daughters . The empress , a Prussian princess , has never played any significant part . A sister of the present King of Prussia , she changed her _relujion from the Lutheran to the Greek communion , to become the wife of _Nicholas , much _sgainst the inclinations of her brother , who is said still to entertain a rooted personal aversion to the _Russian emperor , though polirlcally he has yielded entirely to his influeuce since his accession to the Prussian throne . - ¦
The eldest son of Nicholas , thc Grand Duke Alexander , heir apparent to the throne , is not known in England . He has yet given no _t-vidence of character , beyond that of a mild and tractable disposition . Ofthe imperial princesses , the Grand Duchess " ilarie , " who , like all her family , is handsome , was wisely allowed by the emperor to follow her own choice in the selection of a partner for life , and is married to the Duke of _Lenchtenberg-, a rrjilon of the _Beanharnois and Buonaparte blood . The Grand Dnchess of OJga , _thesecond of ihe emperor ' s danibters , has no rival in beauty _amangst the princesses of " Europe ; and in this instance , flattery , in asserting her to be the loveliest girl in hsr father ' dominions , scarcely outstrips the truth .
The imperial family of Bussia derive their descent from the clerical house of Romanoff ; but their blood has been so repeatedly intermingled with that of Germans , that one might donbt if a angle drop of llussian origin flowed in their veins _.-if the personal appearance of its members did _notricaUtoraindthe handsome Lieutenant _SoltikolTone of the earliest of Catherine ' s favourites , raised by her to the highest ofiice ofthe state . * # * * On the whole . _Nicholas is neither better nor worse than the average of his predecessors , inclusive of the great Tsar who first made Russia European ; but he has done ,
and be bids fair to do , more injury ta mankind than all of them pnt together . "Wiihirai , perhaps , the genius or the boldness to have ever played more than a very subaltern part in many situations of life , he was peculiarly calculated , when _placed by the chances of birth in possession of snch power , and at the head of such a system , to push it io lis extremist ; limits . He possesses , besides his singleness of purpose , precisely the quantum of moral courage , of obstma ? y , and of intellect , to allow him to use the means in his power , ia the most effective manner , to attain this end , and withal the exaggerated self-veneration to _in-luce him to do 59 .
During the nineteen years ef his reign , only seven men have been condemned to death , hut probably more than in all the united reigns alluded to hareia reality perished by the hands of Hie executioner . Men , indeed , are not decapitated , impaled , or hanged np by theribs with hooks , as formerly ; bat whole companies of Polish prisoners are flo- _'ged to death ; the knout and plitt , which tear away in strips the muscles from the bone , have been inflicted npnn thousands and thousands far political offences , who die within a day or two , or perish on the Siberian journey which inevitably follows . So those have been treated who only refused to change the faith of their fathers on an imperial order .
"We read with horror , that nnder the long regency of "Biren , twenty thousand individuals were banished to Siberia for political crimes . The Emperor _Nicholas , on the lowest computation , has sent on the same weary journey two hundred and fifty thousand—a quarter of a million of individuals ! Of these , three-fifths had onsndeu politically , in some direct or indirect manner . * * * * "Under all circumstances , after the _suVjugationof Poland , a generous disposition might have contented itself with treating her according to the stern laws of conquest , sot , as Kicholas has done , according to the _sanguinary code which established authority arrogates to itself the right of applying to rebeDion for this was scarcely a rebellion crushed , but a country re-conquered . Regular armies fought regular armies , according to all thc usages
of international _irarfare _; prisoners of war were made , and communications opened between the chiefs of the contending armies . The emperor himself received the delegates ofhis adversaries . "When , however , he proved the strongest in the struggle , and the war was over , those prisoners who hail fought as orave men in the field—who , not _snbnuttiug ta a master , had surrendered , on the Faith of an exchange , and counting on a reciprocity of treatment—were , against tbeir vows and wishes , made to serve their enemy , and drafted into condemned corps , where they were required to take the oath of _allegiance to the emperor . Their condition in these particulars would of itself have been little preferable to that of British convicts ; but their persecutor was not content
with the misery ofa hopeless servitude , a perpetual exile , thus inflicted on them ; they were left the option between taking an oath against their conscience , which would render them participators in their own _degradation , or the most fearful corporal sufferings . On refusing to take the oath , they were condemned to receive a number of lashes which alone would have been a fearful punishment for any offence ; but still per-isting , as they did , one victim after another , each as resolute after as before his martyrdom—as determined iu his refusal when he had seen his comrade expire under the lashas when first called out—was it not an unheard of barbarity to renew this torture at every fresh refusal , till death placed them _beyond the _powir of human crudtv I
This is _noexagger . ited picture , no overstrained account of an occurrence whieh took place far in the interior . ; it is the plain narrative of what occurred , On the termination ofthe Polish war . in the town of _Cronsdadt , not twenty miles from St Petersburg , and precisely the point which holds most uninterrupted communication with western Europe . Several hundred Polish prisoners , employed in working atthe fortifications , were required , and almost unanimously refused , to take the oath . They were then made successively " to rim the gauntlet ; " bnt still in almost every instance tbey persisted in their refusal , with a resolution worthy of admiration in any cause . Time after time tbey were thus carried out from the hospital , still unwavering in their heroism , to undergo the same infliction , till life or all sensation had departed from the mangled mass of _fh-sh , which was consigned to the burial-cart , or to linger for weeks iu a hospital , till relieved by the _tardf kindness of death , or In some few cases to recover in _sereral _' _mcnths , crippled and mained , ta drag on a miserable existence , chained tofellons and
. The commission of these barbarities , perpetrated in view of all the inhabitants of _Crunstadt , lasted many weeks , and could not have taken place without the imperial knowledge—not to say the imperial command . # * * * _Sero could exhaust his animal ferocity only on a few thousand victims , hut might wish in vain that all the Romans had but oue neck . Modern centralization , and its science of administration , have virtually realized this wish for Sicholaj" ; at least , he can reach the necks of the remotest ofhis subjects , and tighten the chain that , under lis predecessors , all were liable to wear , but of which , under his despotism , none escape tbe infliction .
The influence of wealth , of family , of customs , and of privileges , affords no lunger any shelter . Prudent as he is in disposition , being aware that he possesses a power unparalleled , he uses it in a manner unprecedented . Uot only does he hourly trample on both his great vanquished enemies , tbe nobility ofhis empire and the Po lish nation—not only has he uprooted whole races , and succeeded in extirpating the religious creed of millionsbut he seems now bent , both on destroying the nationality and religious faith of the whole of Poland , even , if required , by transplanting its population into Asia . Poliacal _violence
= ma cruelties , the mere extirpation of races er of creeds , wovnulyenolhing _. howtVFar , to the condition to which his own subjects are reduced—comparatively nothing—because races are doomed , according to the law of nature , to perish , and creeds flourish and wither , and being immaterial , spring again from their ashes . But the dull , monotonous , hopeless , aU-pervading oppression to which his _su ' _jjects are reduced , producing the same moral effect on the human mind as the slough of his northern begs on thchuaian frame sinking into it , blinding the eyes , silencing thc tongue , and paralyzing the
* "Jlerelarions Of Bussia In Lsio^" By A...
* "Jlerelarions of Bussia in lSiO _^ " by an English _R-siuMrt . Third edition . London : B . Colburn _, Great _^ _hu-Ibuiougl _; _Su-i . 1 *
* "Jlerelarions Of Bussia In Lsio^" By A...
agglutinated limbs , is infinitely mora terrible—doubly terrible , because it Is a destiny the sufferers must not only endure , but propagate , by foreign conquest ; ahd-by the natural re-production and increase ofpopulation . y '' ' * ' - # ¦ ' ' ¦¦¦ * ¦ ¦* v * There is a . class in England , and a very respectable one , who are for _leavinato Providence all interference which may lead to violence , even against a system they abhor , and who seek meanwhile , ina quiet humble way , to extract some honey from the bitterness of the hemlock and the nightshade . They indulge unwittingly in a sort of moral Schamaism—a form of worship which is pithily expressed in the vulgar tongue by 'holding a candle to the devil . " -yLetus , " think they , " repeat no tales and allow no outcry against this terrible Russian government , and by civility we may coax it into an occasional act of
humanity ;"—and . accordingly , the Emperor Nicholas graciousl y comes forward , and signs the treaty to make the slave trade piracy ; and further , he allows the Bible Societies to circulate their Bibles throughout his empire . These worthy people , who rejoice in the : effects of their prudence , will find , on perusing these volumes , that this very Nicholas will not allow , under the severest pains and penalties , of any conversion within his empire , either of heathen or Christain , except to the Russian church—a church , whose governing synod of bishops all take their orders from the ober-procurator , a layman , lately the Licutehant-Gcneral Count _PratassbfT , a _Tnilifciry officer ,
aid-de-camp to the emperor , and representing him as its chief head . These bishops , too . have' nominal military rank ; thus , first of tiie clergy of the holy synod , stands the title of "Thehumble Seraphin , metropolitan _ofNovogorod and Moscow , full General , and del-orated with til-. ' order of St . Andrew ; " and further . " The Humble Vladimir Archbishop of Kaeau . ' Lieutenant-general , ' decorated with the order of St , Tladimir ; " "thc arch-priest 2 Cirolas 3 Iouzofi * 5 kr , _Major-General ;"—a church proving its enlightenment , not only by retaining the old Julian calendar , which is belied by the annual course ofthe earth , but whose imperial head has ordered its substitution , in the kingdom of Poland , for the Gregorian . '
Missionaries may indeed introduce Bibles in any given quantity ; but let them only venture to attempt to convert , uot a member of the Russian church , ' but a heathen or idolater , to any form of worship but its own , and Siberia stares fhem and thoir proselyte in the face . Parodying the words ofthe Old Testament , the emperor says , "I am the watchful ruler of the church , and conversions are mine . " But although this imperial vicegerent of Heaven wlllnotallow others to labour in the vineyard of souls for any persuasion but his own , it does not thence follow that he will always either do so , or allow it to be done for him .
For instance , he brings up in his cadet schools _theohildrcn taken as hostages , or kidnapped from Cancssiau parents ; he wishes to make Russians of them , nnd then turn ti . em loose amongst tbeir wild relatives , thus hoping to diminish the hatred against " which the Russian arms can make no progress . Now if these youRgmountainecrs were converted to Christianity , " they won'd be all the worse received by parents , who . once half Christians , hare—thanks to Russian aggression—learned to view tliat faith with detestation . Thcie is , therefore , anorJer given ' that they shall be brought np ' as Mussulmans . But here and there , with something of the perrerseness of a wild race , precisely because it is forbidden , or animated by better aspirations , these Caucasian children are anxious to become Christians ; but tlie emperor , the
visible head ofa church based upon the Gospel , wliich _snys , " Suffer litt-e children to come unto me , for theirs is the kingdom of Heaven , " will not allow it—not even to bis Own Greek faith—it would defeat the views of bis policy . And they will further find , that this very Nicholas is the greatest slave proprietor in the world—upwards of twenty millions belonging to his personal domain ; they will find him lending money on thc slaves of his nobles , and every year appropriating thera as unredeemed pledges . But these are white slaves , not black , and he therefore signed the slave treaty . It was a generosity less costly , but not less insulting to tbe . ' abolitionists of England , than it was to the _Polish emigrants , whomhehad deprived of wealth , of home , and of country , the sum of money which , during his recent visit to England , he sent to the committee of the Polish ball .
Lord Aberdeen, The Nuns Of Minsk,
LORD ABERDEEN , THE NUNS OF MINSK ,
N ICHOLAS , ASD THE RUSSIAN STATE CHURCH . A very able pamphlet hasbeen put into onr bands with the above title , proceeding . from tbe pen of M . V . 0 . Zienklewicz . in whieh , challenging tho statements made by Earl Aberdeen on the 10 th February last , with reference to these subjects , " that the religious persecutions in Russia are not directed against the Roman Catholics , but against the schismatic Greeks ; _adding , that the former , acknowledge the supremacy of the Pope , whilst the latter do not ; aud finally , that tbe accounts of the persecutions
published throughout Europe , are grossly and wickedly _exaggerated . " To disprove these " allegations , the author proceeds at great length to describe historically , the terms Creek , Roman , Russian , Schismatic , and United , as regard tlieir respective Churches , and thc materials the author has made useof have been brought to bear with great felicity npon his arguments . There is not space in a political journal to enter into a polemical controversy upon these points of doctrine and discipline ; but one of the most interesting _passages relating to the case of the persecuted nuns of Musk , we cannot refrain from inserting entire : —
Now , my Lord , why have the _Empsror , M . Bontanieff , and yourself , been at such pains to falsify the narrative ofthe Abbe-s Mieezyslawska f It was not a private document , it was a public deposition , which this Lady , worthy of credit frem her position in life , made before the Commissioners ofhis holiness Fope Gregory XVI ., as tha'e are many documents published by his Holiness . But the Emperor keeps silent . The narration of the Abbess of Minsk is not an isolated fact ; it forms part and parcel of that invariable system of persecution , which the Muscovite Cabinet has carried on without any interruption since the year 1768 until the present moment Let II . Boutanieff come forth , with the known treaties and the solemn engagements ofthe Muscovite Czars of 176 S , 1773 , 1773 , 1793 , 1795 , 1815 , and 1 S 2-5 , in his hand—treaties , each stipulation of which has been impudently broken , and let Europe , in the face of these facts , judge what claims the Muscovite "Ambassadors have for their words , their most solemn asseverations being taken as truth .
And yet , _mj Lord , on the assertion of one of these Muscovite Ambassadors—of M . Boutanieff—an assertion supported by a blunder of one single Paris journal in the first place , and a palpable falsehood in the second , do you , my Lord , on the 10 th of March , 1846 , venture " to congratulate the Ilouse of Lords that the accounts ofthe persecutions were not only exaggerated , but totally false , as , "yon added , "it appears from the note of M . Boutanieff . ' My Lord , do not congratulate the Ilouse of Lords nor yourself too soon . Tou have seen on what flimsy grounds , what futile subterfuge , M . Boutanieff
pronounced bis denial . His Holiness Gregory XVI . and the Catholic world know by this time—they have * as we bave seen , had cause to know—what is the exact value of tbe solemn promises ofthe Emperor and his Ambassadors . A denial ofthe Emperor and his Ambassadors is worth exactly as mnch as one of their promises . No , my Lord Aberdeen , do not congratulate yourself too soon ; the persecutions inflicted on the Nuns of Minsk , on the United Greeks , and the Latin Catholics , will be tried by the free European press . The trial will be long , certainly , but the decision trill be just and di-astrous lo the persecuting governments and their confederates . —M , Advertiser .
The Cholera. Ani*S, Jhxe 3. The Cholera,...
THE CHOLERA . Ani * s , _Jhxe 3 . The cholera , which broke out so suddenly , and unexpectedly on the 6 th ult ., has now almost disappeared . Only a few mild cases appear at intervals , from which the patients mostly recover . This happy and __ favourable change may be attributed to the setting in of the south-west monsoon , with its usual accompanying high winds and increased temperature , the thermometer in most houses ranging as high as 102 in the shade . V 7 e confidently look' forward to the total disappearance of this dreadful epidemic in a very few days . It has been destructive in its effects ; _during the brief period which it raged at Aden 400 inhabitants of the town have fallen victims
—17 European soldiers , 1 Sepoys , and 30 camp followers , natives of India , have also perished . The proportion of recoveries to death is as one of the former to five of the latter . The shipping in the harbour , men-of-war and merchant _vessels , have lost a few men from the same deadly disease . The English bark Brooke , which left Aden on the 21 st ult . in prosecution of her voyage to Moulmcin , put back on the 23 rd , and was observed standing into the harbour about 4 p . m . with her colours half-mast . On anchoring it was ascertained that Captain Thomas Maxwell , the master , had died on the previous day from cholera . Hisremains were buried the same evening at Aden , attended by the masters of the merchant vessels in the harbour .
From accounts received from different places it appears certain that cholera is rapidly spreading through every part of Yemen , accompanied with fearful mortality . From Maciilla and other ports to tbe eastward of Aden the same melancholy accounts have been received . It has reached Mocha , Jidda , Jambo , and almost every other port on the Arabian shore of the Red Sea . I expect to hear by the next steamer of its having reached Suez and other places in Egypt . No intelligence has yet reached Aden of the appearance of the scourge on the Abyssinian coast , I have instituted inquiries , and from all tbat 1 can collect
on the subject , I have every reason to believe thatthe cholera appeared , but not iu so severe a form ( collapse ) , in 1832 and 18 * 3 , and that it travelled by the same route as it is now doing . There is therefore every reason to fear that it is rapidlv approaching _hurope , and that it will soon be observed on the _European side of the Mediteranean , from which it will , 1 fear continue to spread _thnugh every state , and most probably cross the English Channel . It would be well for the public authorities to adopt early and prompt measures to meet the emergency , sho - iid it unfortunately occur , to enable the poor to obtain that immediate assistance which this hor-
The Cholera. Ani*S, Jhxe 3. The Cholera,...
rible disease so urgently requires . Tho Asiatic cholera is by far tbe most formidable disease which has hitherto attacked the human race ; . No rank is free from its attacks . The rich and poor , old and . voting , all have alike become its victims . I believe no quarantine laws , however ; wisely constructed , or however rigorously carried into effect , can stop or delay its onward march . All human barriers are totally useless . It traverses sea and land in its destructive course . It is not contagious , but might perhaps become so where ventilation ; and cleanliness are defective , and numbers labouring under the . same disease are crowded together .- The origin of tlio disease may depend on local eames , and after a time may spread and propagate itself by a vitiated atmosphere . This opinion i 9 entertained by many medical men in thc east , who have so often-seen it under many different circumstances .
The south-west monsoon set in on the 1 st with great force ; but when I say monsoon , you are not f br an instant to suppose thatthe Aden south-west monsoon is the same as an Indian monsoon , accompanied with heavy rains and all the luxuriance of tropical vegetation brought into a state of beauty thereby . Nothing of the kind . About the 1 st of May , the wind , which had blown for seven months from thc north-east , veered round to the south-west , and Slmmshuni , like mnst table mountains , - becomes co vercd with a thin white cloud , which rolls' down its sides with peculiar grandeur , till it reaches the more heated rocks below ; when it-becomes instantly dissipated ; this continues for hours , and has a most singular and pleasing effect . Now commence the heavy gusts * ' of wind , which sometimes continue for eight days with tremendous , violence ) carrying with them clouds of dust of such an impalpable nature as to penetrate into every part of the _hs ' use ; no box or
drawer is proof against its annoying presence , thc thermometer raging as high , for weeks , as 104 in the shade ; everything during this period becomes withered and dried up ; not a green leaf or bird is to be se -n . The kites even forsake their usual haunts and places for procuring food , tino . escape to the hills for a climate more ' congenial ; they return in September , when the excessive heat and fiery atmospheric glare become' moderated ; the glasses on the table frequently fly into pieces , and every article of furniture , which has even stood the hot winds of Guzcrat and the Decean uninjured , becomes warped and split in every direction ; the skin becomes dry , hard , and taut , with incessant thirst ; yet with all this heat the south-west monsoon is considered to be the healthiest , part of the year ! " After a twobrthree years' residence at Aden the strongest European constitution suffers , which occasions many to seek a change on the shores of India , and not unfrcqucntly in Europe .
The Af7alit3 Of Chili. (From The Times.)...
THE AF _7 AlIt 3 OF CHILI . ( From the Times . ) Valparaiso , Saturday , Marcii 11 . 1 We have to congratulate ourselves on having . just escaped the horrors ofa revolution in Chili . ; At the approach of the quinquennial elections of the Municipalities , Senators . Deputies , and President of the Republic , which are about te take place , politics have been running very high throughout the country , but more particularly in Santiago , tho capital . For several months past thc authorities found itnecessary , or _thought it prudent , to restrain tbe ebullition of parly feelings by the imprisonment of several persons who made
themselves , obnoxious by the promulgation of extreme and factions opinions . On Saturday last matters came to a crisis ; late on the night of that day the authorities of Santiago arrested three gentlemen ofthe name of Vicuna ( of one family ) , and two other gentlemen of the names of Dilbao and Perez ,-as- well as nineteen or twenty persons of inferior station , on an accusation of sedition , The _porson said to be ' most implicated is Don Felix Yicunia ( one of the three Vicunias -arrested ) , au inhabitant of _Santiago , and a man of good family . He is nt the head ofthe democracy party arranged in opposition to the Government .
Almost immediately after the arrest of these persons a mu'titude , composed ofthe lower orders , collected in the principal streets , carrying seditious ' placards , charging their rulers with all sorts of crimes , calling for the deposition ofthe President , the overthrow of the established form of government , and inviting the people to join in a revolution . The inscription on their placards were : — '' So necessity for three Powers to form the Government . " " Only Two ( Powers ) necessary , " that is " The Summary Judicial Power ( El Poder Judicial Verbal ) " and " The Legislative Power . " "Down with the Executive—Down with the Executive —Down with the Executive . "
"Down with the Aristocracy" ( " _Ahajarlos Ricos" ) . One of the placards bore a revolutionary figure , lit up in some curious way from behind ,, and it invoked as the future president of the Republic the name of General Freire . After perambulating the streets , calling out for the dismissal of the executive power , & c , and committing snch pranks as are common to allpnpular commotions , a party of thc rabble got into some of the churches and set the bells ringing . At thc same time another party made their way to the house of M . Rengifo . Finding the doors open tbey entered with howling and _cursing , and _desh-ovlne the furniture , printing types , and everything
of use they could lay their hands upon . They then pro . ceeded to the office ofthe Progreso , a Ministerial paper , of which M . Rengifo is editor , and which paper is generally supposed is under the influence of Don Manuel Monte , the Minister for Foreign Affairs . Here they shouted for the i _" 'id ! 's ( _i _* al , a newspaper addressed to the lower orders , hut an armed force arrived in time to prevent their entering the ofiice or doing any further injury . The military , assisted by tbe police , who are always armed wiih swords and mounted on horseback , drove tbe mob before them , made prisoners of about 200 of the common people , and of some twelve or fourteen men of some standing in society .
This tumultuous vising is charged against the Opposition parry headed by Vicunia . Their plan is said to have been to break open the prisons and the carros , which last are iron-bsrred cages on wheels , used as sleeping places for the convicts who are condemned to hard labour On the roads , he . These cages always stand in tho open air , and the male convicts , chained two-and-tivo , are huddled into tbem -without bed and bedding , resembling a menagery of wild beasts more than human habitations ; and most ofthe cut-throats who occupy thim _looli more like demons than men . If they had been let loose they would have made important allies in an insurrection . Fortunately , matters were prevented from foming ' to this pass , and no lives have been lost . Immediately after the occurrence of the scenes just de . scribed , the executive Government , with the consent of the Council of State , passed a decree declaring Santiago in a " state of _seige"for a term of 85 days from Sunday _latt _, the Sth instant .
Martial law is thus established . The place has since remained quite quiet , and great precautions are taken to prevent any further attempt to disturb thc public peace . Contemporaneously with the above decree , another was passed declaring , that notwithstanding tbe state of seize in which the territory comprehended within the province of Santiago was placed , " all constitutional powers , or rights , or liberties , and all laws relating to elections , were to remain in full force and crTpct ; " as well as " all decrees or regulations , practices and electoral acts , in the same form as previously customary . " The decree contains a _further declaration that "the Government will make no alteration in such constitutional powers or rights ( disposiciones ) , laws and decrees , issued in regard to elections and electoral acts ; " thus preserving the law of election intact .
Itis but fair that I should detail the narrative of the Opposition _oif democratic party in exculpation of the charge of rebellion which is brought against them . Don Pedro Felix Vicunia asserts that just before the occurrence of the outbreaks he was privately made aware of the existence and intended publication of an inflammatory and seditious paper , entitled El Pueblo ( " The People" ) , containing invitations of the people to revolt , < te . Immediately after he discovered the existence of this paper he wrote to the Government ( or rather , to the governor of the city , Senor Darro ) , apprising it of the fact , repudiating for himself and his party the sentiments it contained and requesting that measures should he taken to stop its publication . Notwithstanding all this , £ t Pueblo got into circulation Vicunia was arrested as connected with thc publication , and the mob rose , as already detailed .
The enemies of Government assert that it is the Government itself , and more particularly Monte , the Minister for Foreign ArTairB , who caused the publication of El Pueblo , and got up the tumult as a pretext for obtaining a suspension of the constitution , with a view to controul the elections , which will take place within the 85 days comprehended in the degree establishing military law in the province . It would be wrong to give an opinion at present on this point , as a trial will bring out the proof . Yesterday Messrs . Gedoi , Alvarez , Guerrero , Bilbao , _Lazgs , Rayos , aud three more ofthe prisoners , have been taken out ofthe prison to be sent to Valparaiso , to be confined , it is said , on board the Chilian frigate Chili , laid up in the harbour here .
There is every reason to believe that General Freire , whose name the rabble made use of , is not at all implicated . This old gentleman is one of the most respectable old men in the country . lie was at one time supreme director , and was a distinguished officer of the revolutionary wars . The President General Bulnes , is , like all the Presidents of the republics of this coantry , a . soldier of fortune . He served , in the earlier part of his life , in the army of observation , which was then always stationed in the south of Chili , to protect the provinces of Conception and
_Valdivia from the incursions of the Araucauian Indians . Here he displayed great bravery . Higher qualities were not called forth by the nature of the service . Some years back he commanded an expedition into Peru against the Peru-Bolivian confedency of General Santa Cruz , in which he was successful . The popularity which he acquired by hit . victory over Santa Cruz , and his marriage with the daughter of General Pinto , himself an ex-President , very materially assisted his elevation to the Presidentship , which he has held for five years ; and to which it is now quite certain he will be re-elected , liis family connexions arc numerous and influential . They form
The Af7alit3 Of Chili. (From The Times.)...
quite a clan . , and his , whole , kith , kin , and kiridreil are in tne service ol tbe state , one way or another . His uncle General Pneto , is Governor of Valparaiso , ' and _OominiinJ d'lnWJeneral "' Marine . ' . He was President for 10 years , anawas _sneceeaed . _byiiis . neplicw : "" ' ' ; - Bulnes ' Government , w'ii ' _icIUs of a _^ Conservative cha _^ ructer , is supported _bytbeHaeendados . or landed ( -entry —the natural aristocracy of the country , by the army , by the most wealthy ' portion of the _trading classes , and indirectly by all the English influence intliqcouiitry , The English are , however , quite indifferent as ' to who reigns , sons peace and quietness are m _.-iliiturned . ' | Tho ,, church is in a rather awkward position' The Government is too _liberal for her , and the Minister , _Moutetlie most active , clever , and useful man in the Govern , ment , baa given the priests some rap ' sbn . tlie knuckles in bygone day ? . He is now conciliating , them , Tliey aro more passive than usual at this ; election . ' ; ' They dread the ascendancy ofthe democrats , for their ' endowments , which are very large , would be endangered ; so ' that they are between two fires . ,
The Austrian Army. • According To The Au...
THE AUSTRIAN ARMY . According to the Austrian Army-List for the present year , the forces of that empire are composed of 59 regiments of regular infantry of the line , 17 regiments of frontier infantry , 20 battalions of grenadiers , 96 companies of chasseurs , and 6 garrison battalions ; the effective force of the infantry on the peace footing is 287 . 000 men . The cavalry consists of 3 T ' regiinente , _.- ' with an effective force of 42 . 709 men ; the special corps have an effective of 66 , 000 men . In reality , however , the total number , of men at present under arms 'is- only about 250 , 000 men . There are in the list of general officers in active service 1 field-marshals , 2 G field-masters . of ordnance and generals of cavalry , 93 _lieutenant-ficld-marslials , and 123 major-genera ' s . ' There are in the Austrian army 10 , 703 officers of-all ' grades ' and arms ; of this number , 6 , 148 belong to the noblesse ;—there- are a . large number of officers who have "been ennobled lor
services performed , or by the mere fact of tlieir promotion . The nobility serve ; by preference in the cavalry , tke staff , or the _en-pneers ; more officers of the citizen rank than-of the noblesse are to befound in the artillery , the marines , anil tlie inlantry regiments . " Gallicia furnishes more private soldier .- * than Italy , but comparatively - fewer officers . The nobility of Bohemia and . Moravia serve less willingly than the German' nobility v j Hungary and Transylvania , although more populated than the other provinces of theeinpire , give a smaller number of officers to the army ... Strong detachments of troops have been directed on Italy from , different points of the Austrian monarchy .. Itisestimated that , there are now 20 . 000 men on the lirioof the , P . o , ready to enter the states of the Church on the firsVsymn'torhs of disturbance , and 50 to 60 , 000 men occupy the towns and entrenched camps of the Loiribar _^ o-Venitian kingdom . " . " * .. ' , _'¦•''*' . ' 5
Turkish Romance Of Real .Life. Know Ye T...
TURKISH ROMANCE OF REAL . LIFE . Know ye the land where the cypress and myrtle , Are emblems of deeds that are done in tlieir clime ; Where the rage of the vulture , the love ofthe turtle ,. Now melt into sorrow , now madden to crime ? ' BlEON . . COXSTAXTIXOPLK . JUNE 18 , 1816 . A few weeks ago a _^ Turkish maiden of high degree , while passing through tlie streets of Galata _, became violently enamoured of a young : Armenian tailor , who , perfectly unconscious of the havoc he was making in the lady's affections , was quietly pursuing his avocations on his shop-board . On her return to the harem , with the vehemence of a spoiled and favoured child , she not only revealed her passion to her parents , but swore by Allah and tho Prophet and the
Sultan s beard , it must be immediately gratified . In short , she adopted the usual expedients , began to cry for thetailov as she had been accustomed to cry for a toy or a sugar plum . The worthy couple , who do not appear , in respect of wisdom to bave had much the advantage of their daughter , were sorely puzzled how to comply with her request , and in the meanwhile , to soothe her passion , she was allowed to repeat h or visits to the spot where her beloved plied his thimble , in the scharshe . The remedy , as miglithave beeu foreseen , only aggravated the disease , and she returned with her heart more wounded , or a greater stitch in her side , if I may so express it , than before . The indulgent sire , finding all sorts of amulets , charms , and medicines ineffectual , at length
determined to call in the tailor himself , as the only doctor likely to succeed . For this purpose he had recourse to a stratagem , and having ordered a suit of clothes at the shop were the youth was employed , directed that thoy should be brought to his house by him . No sooner had the unsuspecting youth crossed the _threshol ! _th-in ho found himself a prisoner in the arms of the Turkish damsel . A courtship in this country is a short and simple affair indeed . The lady and her lover were shut up like two birds in a cage , aud left alone in the harem , The object o f the Turk in taking measures so summary soon _became evident . Upon leaving the harem , the youth was informed that no alternative remained for him but to marry his mistress and turn Mussulman . To tbis the Heroic
tailor replied , that ho was perfectly ready to comply with tbe first part ofthe request , but would never consent to the second . In vain were the terrors of the Mussulman law—which has made it death for a Christian to . havo intercourse with a Mussulman woman—pointed out to him by the Turk ; lie appeared determined to suffer martyrdom for his faith . Such a consummation , on the other hand , was not cxaetly that which was suited to the taste of-the young lady , who not only loudly protested againstit . but declared , rather than thus be separated irom "the _lij-ht of her two eyes , " she herself , i f he would not become a Mussulman , would turn Christian . Here was a fresh source of perplexity to thc paternal heart of old Mustapha Eftendi , and in a few days , finding that
the Armenian did not return , and that his daughter was fully bent on marriage and Christianity ; he , in the simplicity ofhis heart , repaired to the Seraskier Paeha , and having unfolded all his sorrows , demanded to know if it were possible by any means for his daughter to become Christian . Old Khosref . however _, who might easily havo disposed ol the case if he liked , gravely pretended that it was too important to be settled by any body ( nit the Sultan himself . The opportunity , it seems , of giving some embarrassment to Rescind Pacha was too good to he lost , and for this reason was this knotty affair referred to the decision of the Sultan . Tliat decision it is not very difficult to foresee . The Armenian will most certainly not lose his head , nor , for that matter , the maiden either . She will only be locked up .
Loss Of A Lieutenant And Five Seamen Of ...
LOSS OF A LIEUTENANT AND FIVE SEAMEN OF II . M . S . _FLYING FISH , AND THE MURDER OF TWO BRITISH OFFICERS OF H . M . _SURVEYING VESSEL AVON . Flying Fish , EIraina Chica , Bightof Benin , April 18 . On the 13 th , we sailed from Whydah for Cape St . Paul's , leaving at the former place the Hydra steamer . Yesterday morning , about eight o'clock , a strange and _suspieious-looking vessel was seen from the masthead . She was soon discovered to be a felucca , which removed at once all doubts as to her character ; she was eight or nine miles to windward o f us , close hauled . After we had been an hour in chase , the smoke of a steamer was reported , and
proved to be thc French steamer 1 'Australia in chase of the same vessel . The felucca tried to keep away , and run between us and the land , and would , perhaps , have succeeded , bad we not been enabled by our little _diaut-ht of water , to stand very close into the shore . The slaver seeing this , found there was now prospect of escape , for we were prepared to give her shot and shell . They therefore came to the determination of running the craft ashore . She accordingly ran along the edge of the surf , which was greater than I have ever seen it , to pick out the most favourable spot for landing . After half an hour ' s suspense on our part , a dark body was seen on the top ofa mighty wave , and then disappeared for a moment , in thc vale of water . The next we saw of
her , was that she was hard and fast on shore , all her masts , yards , and sails standing , not having carried away anything . As soon as she grounded , the crew got down the long lateen yard , unbent the sail , made a bridge of the former , and escaped on shore , taking the sail and their valuables with them ; immediately , as if by magic , she was surrounded by thousands of the natives , who lost no time in beginning the work of plunder . In order to prevent them , as soon as we got within range , we gave them a few shot , whieh at first dispersed them , but the love of gain overcame their fear . The French steamer also opened fire for the same purpose . Lieutenant St . Leger was sent in the first whaler to take charge of the prize , and endeavour to keep the people off by firing musketry at
them . As soon as wc came to an anchor , Lieutenant Robins , Messrs . Simpson , midshipman , and Williams , gunner , went in the second whaler , and five ki-oomcn In tbejolly boat , to measure the vessel , and ascertain other particulars concerning her . After several efforts the kroomen nianged to get their boat through thc surf to the shore , got on board , measured her , and prepared to come off to the other boats . They had got half the distance , when the boat was swamped . The kroomen , who are like water dogs , managed to save themselves and the boat . Lieutenant Robins , in the secend whaler , in
some unaccountable manner , got into the surf , and a heavy sea came in and broke over the boat , and sunk her—sbe was gone in an instant . Simpson and Williams , with two men , after struggling for some time against the sea , reached the snore more dead than alive . Simpson no sooner landed than he was immediately knocked down by a savage with a blow of a billhook on the temple , depriving him ofall sensation , The black commenced stripping him ; he did not complete his purpose , as some of our Kroomen came to his release . Lieutenant Robins , William Rice , seaman ; William Kent , gunner ' s mate ; Henry flolmes , captain of 1 ' _oi-etop ; aad William Hughes ,
Loss Of A Lieutenant And Five Seamen Of ...
seamen ; the best men in the ' ship , were drowned . Our poor messmate was washed upon the sands and immediately stripped of everything . As soon as this was seen from the ship , the master , who was let * in in charge ofthe Flying Fish , sent the cutter to aid Sti Leger'in "ivih" every assistance , and although within a fcw " boat lengths ofthe victimsof mistaken philanthropy , were riot able to render the least assistance , so great waa the serf . ' One of the Kroomen diished through the sea and managed to rescue the body of Lieutenant Robins and' put it into the jdllybt > at . He and the other then endeavoured once more to get the boat through the serf ; twice they were upset ; and as often washed on shore again—at last they succeeded . ' Robins was 'immediately
brought on board , and although thero were no hopes ' , every means to _restoreAnimation ' were resorted tob ' ut , alns , without su'c 6 ess . Thus have perished five of our well conducted crew ; none ofthe other bodies have been picked _upl'Those who managed to geton shwe safe , set to work" with what strength they hud , to make a raft-of the planks composing the slave deck of the Felucca ; it . is wonderful how ° thoy escaped the sharks . Simpson , _-ind Williams are dohij » very well , and will soon be able to return to their duties . We do not know the name of the slaver ; as we are going to Quitta , we may peahaps hear . She measures ninety-two feet in length , twenty feet beam , and nine , feet depth of hold ; her masts short ; sales and yards , of moderare size ; she is quite new evidently ; it is her first and last trip for any purpose , as she is now Quite a . confused mass of timbers .
By tn-morrow she will have disappeared . This ia thefirst slaver destroyed by , an English 'and French vessels under the new treaty . ' '' " ... _" "; ' Qu _' uta ; April 19 . . To-day we have buried bur bite messmate , Robins , in the Danish fort at this , place . The Governor behaved in the . ni 6 * . t ' attentive manner , _funiiahing us with everything necessary . On the funeral _I'roces ' _sion entering the fort a salute of seven guns was fired as a mark of respect to the deceased . The funeral service was read , by one of the officers . . . \ - ' - ' . ' " . _'; ' April 20 .
• To-day we . have fallen in with the Matilda , a palmoil vessel , she has on board the master , of the Avon , surveying steamer , lie , is invalided . . A ,. most sad accident has happenned on board the . Avon : — Messrs ! Pennington andIVinstanley _, second masters , and assistant-surveyors , were on shore surveying the Ramora river , when they were attacked by the natives and killed for the sake of the instruments . Captain Denham is now . left with onlyoiie assistant to get through ' his work ., ' The Flying Fish was at Lagos on the 28 of April—all well on board .
The Fraternal Democrats.
THE FRATERNAL DEMOCRATS .
.The Usual Weekly Meeting Of. This Socie...
. The usual weekly meeting of . this society took place on . Monday . evening ,. July 6 th , at the White Hart , Drury Lane . Joseph Moll in the chair . The article ' . entitled "Old . Humbug with a new cry , " was read from the A-brtftcrn Star of last Saturday , ' and called forth some comments from Julian Ilarney on the _Syro-Egyptian war the Whigs waged against Ibrahim Pacha and Mehemet Ali , to the injury of every parly save "the Russian despotism . A "leader" from the Times of Monday * last was read , and excited some remarks , in wliich the fallacies of the Thunderer ( in regard to the asserted " advance of religion in England , " (!) and the " _patrioth- _'ii ol the middle class , " (!)) were completely demolished . Some new members were elected , and a considerable number of candidates were , nominated for election .
Julian _Harnex then moved the adoption of an " Address to the Working Classes ot Great Britain and the United States" on the settlement ofthe Oregon question . The " address" had heen prepared by tha . secretaries on the 4 th of July , the anniversary of the Declaration of American Independence , Caul ScHArrER seconded the motion , and briefly addressed the meeting . . David Ross supported the motion . Thc address was unanimously adopted . Julian Harney moved that a copy of the address be forwarded to the Editor of Young America , with a letter of thanks to the National Reformers of New York for the course pursued by th * m in relption to the Oregon question and the Mexican war . Agreed to . _Ern-est Jones was then elected chairman for tlie next meeting , and the proceedings terminated .
ADDRESS OP THE FRATERNAL DEMOCRATS ASSEMBLING IN LONDON TO TIIE WORKING CLASSES 01 ? GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES . " All men are brethren 1 " Friends and brothers , —On the fourth of March lastfour months past—we addressed to you a lengthy and earnest ' appeal on the then hostile attitude of the two nations , occasioned by the unsettled state ofthe Oregon question . " ¦ In that " appeal" we protested against _tke ' then threatened ' ¦ war" between the two countries , and endeavoured to show the barbarity , inhumanity , and folly ofa physical contest , and the ruinouB consequences to both nations , which could not fail to result from such a struggle . Happily our fears have been _dispelled , Slid OU 1 ' best hopes realised , by the amicable adjustment of tbe differenccs between thc two governments .
It is our pleasing task to congratulate you on the peaceful and honourable settlement of "the Oregon question" —a settlement which testifies to the progress of those principles of international justice and universal brotherhood , which it is the object of our organisation to promote and extend . Working men of the United States , —Itis with pain we accompany these congratulations with a notice ofthe war now raging between jou and the people of Mexico . We will not too closely scrutinise the merits of the question at issue between the two Republics ; but we may ot least be permitted to doubt the necessity for this contest , when we find it condemned by bodies ot your own countrymen . The National Reformers of New York have , in a series of resolutions , denounced this
war as unjust to Mexico , and disgraceful to th & United States . The people of Massachusetts , or at least that portion of them who are devoted to the Anti-Slavery Cause—forming , we believe , the majority of the people of that State—have gone further , and denounced this war as " a war for the extension of slaver *"— pledged themselves not to support the war—asserted that there is an end to tbe constitution of tbe United States—and , finally , have summoned the people of that state to take the initiative in establishing a new compact , " which shall be a union of freemen , and freemen only . " __ With these facts before us we must at least question the justice of your cause in this unhappy war . As to its policy , there can be no doubt that it is a policy exceedingly shortsighted and anti-republican .
In our former address we endeavoured to show what would be the evils which would neeessarily result to you from a war with Great Britain . "We were then speaking of a great and mighty war—a war which would have shook the world . Of couvRe , equally serious results are not likely to flow from the "little war" with Mexico , but some of those remits will undoubtedly be seen , In the first place , the Uutted-States '" regular army " —that pre-eminent curse of modern nations—is to be doubled ; fifty thousand volunteers are to be enrolled and provided for ; and your government is empowered to greatly increase the navy , At tbe _commtnepment of ihe war your President had ten millions of dollars at his disposal , to meet the cost of the contc » t ; but if the war continues for even a short time , he will require five , perhaps ten , times that sum .
Increase of taxation , the derangement of trade and commerce , with the loss of life , and the usual horrors of war;—all these are but minor evils compared with those against which we warned you in our former addresB : — " Increase of territory will bring with it a permanent increase of your navy and " standing army , " an increase of naval and military officers , an inerei \ s « of taxgatherers , and other locusts , who , having a disrelish for honest labour , will strive to permanently quarter themselves upon you—first by prolonging the war , and afterwards by voting the continuance of " war establishments" in time of pence , to retain your force-won possessions . The result cannot fail to be the corruption of public morals , and the ultimate destruction of your Republican institutions . "
Already some of these evils are seen . Your military men already assume a position inimical to the safety of the republic . Thus you have seen General Scott intriguing for his own nomination as the future President , instead of attending to bis military duties . On the other hand , you have seen General Gaines issue an edict for raising , not merely the militia , but a regular army of twelve thousand men , without a vote of Congress , without the warrant of the President , without any warrant indeed save the General ' s own idea of thc necessity of raising the force . A monstrous stretch of power , which , no matter what may have been the intentions of the , General , no matter bow honourable and patriotic his motives , waB nevertheless practical treason to your institutions , and must excite thc anxious fears ofall who wish well to your republic .
Much as we abhor slavery , and strongly as we question the justice Of your course towards Mexico , still we should regard the division of your republic as suggested by the Massachusetts " abolitionists" to 'be one of the greatest calamities that could befall the human race . Besides the Massachusetts " abolitionist * " only see half the evil . In their own state , and throughout the ' free " _states , a system of slavery exists , practically destructivg ofthe theoretical equality guaranteed by your institution ! j the slavery we allude to is tho " slavery of wages , " a system which has already reduced the " free-born "
men of your order almost to a level with the degraded state of the industrious orders of Europe . The land , which should be the property of the state , is becoming rapidly monopolised by private landlords , speculators , and traffickers , while the working class , hived up in huge cities , are competing with each other for a bare subsist . ence , the prey of the profitoeracy who , with their brother plunderers of the landlord class ; are fast acquiring nil the substantialities of aristocracy , and even now rival in luxury , arrogance , and tyranny the Molochs of rank and money in the old world . To give mere personal liberty to the _fllsve of the South , without at the same time gua-
.The Usual Weekly Meeting Of. This Socie...
— ¦ — _^ _-- ~ 9 W ranteeih g him the means ' of subsistence by endowing liimn with a portion ofthe soil , would be conferring upon liimn only a nominal emancipation ., On the other hund ex-:-penence has proved that . tho « equality " . which gives menu \ ote 5 but leaves them the social slaves of wealth , and i _ubjected to the demoralising influences of great cities is s but an illusory _equality , _, , Tliis _, ast scctiou of wovkcM _, are . however , not altogether ; helpless ; they have f , an- - _chises , the proper _werc-iso of which would save tbftm ;; * _M"Sffll _' _? mCU ° f An _* eriC _** ' fiUffer fron * ' « - _*< _ito » winch afflict _European society , you hHvein a rcat _„*„ . . sure yourselves to blame for own misfortunes . _.- ¦
People 01 the United . States , i „ addressing you on , 4 , U , day-the anniversary of the immortal Declaration of In- . dependence , which your heroic fathers sealed with _tIJeir blood , we shall best perform our duty not by an indiseri . . minate use of . complimentary epithets , but by _reminding ; you . of the duties which you owe to . yourselves anil to > mankind . We shall do so in the briefest terms b y again _i quoting from our former address , — plain truths will hear ' reiteration : - . .... ,. ; c " Working men , ofr ; America , ypu arc , or should be , tha i pioneers of freedom ; such was the mission bequeathed I
to ' youby _WisuiNGTOW and his great brother patriots _. That mission you will best fulfil by perfecting your _inati . tutions—by abolishing the slavery of white and blackwages and . the whip—by . driving- , from your _legielaturei landlords , usurers , lawyers , soldiers , and other id ten and swindlers ; by making tile veritable people , tho _wealth-produetrs , really " sovereign , " and thus establish . ing a real , instead of a nominal , Republic . War will not aid . but will prevent you accomplishing these reforms . Achieve these reforms , and every where - the people will demand your institutions , and your triumph will be evia . plcte . " :
Working men of . Great Britain and America , in concluding , this address , . we desire to offer a few words on a proposition lately advancedarid much insisted on by the " _Mends-of peace . " Wc allude to the proposition , ' for holding a Cor . gtvsB of Nations , to wliich Congress shall be _referred all national disputes for amicable adjustment . This idea , excellent in the abstract , would , we fearl bo found exceedingly objectionable in the present state of tho world , Under present circumstances , such a _Congrcss—at least " so far as Europe was concerned—would be a Congress not of nations ,: but of governments , which goyernments . do not represent the rights and interests of the nations tln > y rule over . Such Congress it is to ba feared would be _anti-progressive and anti-democratic a new "Holy Alliance ! ' with whichit would be impossible for tho , United States to co-operate . . .
; . As regards " war " , we are notofthose who , cry " pi- ti at any . cost !" . . We . too ardently admire the American heroes of ! 76 to adopt so inane a creed . We fear ithe time has not yet arrived for " permanent and universal peace . " There are nations so tightly fettered _th-i ' twa can see no prospect of their chains being broken without tlie aid ; of tbe sword .. Poland and Italy are _strikinjr examples of this state , of things . Our doctrine is , tl . at not only are nations , justified . in releasiug _. _theon-jlves frpm slavery and misery ' / by any means , " but also , that it is the duty of a strong , people . to aid a weaker . Did not a cowardly , and selfish , yet stupid policy guide tho councils of the . C . _iurts of St . _JiHncs _' and the Tuilltricsor was nation alright and national justice enthroned In Great Britain aud Prance , the tyrants of Eastern and Southern Europe would be < made to comprehend this doctrine . ¦
While the friends of man set their faces against wars arising out of mere national disputes , not involving tho existence and freedom of nations , let them be \ iary that they do not fall into the error of peacefully acquiescing in " things as they are" and thus strengthen the oppressor , and consign the oppressed to _despair , When the nations are free ; when the people of Great Britain have acquired those rights which will assuredly be theirs ; . when Frenchmen shall reap the fruits oi tbeir fifty . years of heroic sacrifice , by putting an end to bourgeoise rule and establishing the veritable sovereignty
of the people ; when thirty-five millions of Germans shall form a people free and indivisible ; when Italy shall be emancipated ; when Poland shall be Poland once moro ; when millions of fettered _Slavons shall burst , thtir chains ; when Greece shall regain her ancien limits and more than ber ancient freedom ; when Spain shall Ve redeemed ; when , in short , Europe shall be what Europe must aud wilt be , _tften a Congress of Nations will be tha crowning glory of European progress , Tlien may the representatives of free nations , assembling _alteroatiiy in the old and in the new world , unite the interests of both , and then may war finally ceaso and peace permanently
rei _^ n . In the meantime mueh may . be done towards promoting both objects of our mission—freedom and peace—by the friendg of progress iu all nations communicating and co -0 _'iearting with each other . So that if wars do come , they shall be wars unavoidable and indispensable , in defence of the sacred rights of man , and not wars to gratify the brutal instincts of kingly rapacity or national vanity . . Working men of Great Britain and America , _woikinj men ofall countries , freedom and justice , and uhimaMj peace and happiness , are before you if you will ' . earn to
repudiate national antipathies and national prejudices . You may do for yourselves what governments will not do for you : — " Rise I form yourselves the Holiest Alliance , Nations join heart and band !" Josr . j > u Moil , ( native ol ' Germany , ) Ckairw . n . G . Julian Harney ( nativeof Great Britain ) , * ] Carl Schapper ( native of Germany ) , 8 Jean A . Michelot ( native of France ) , 1 _« Pets a Holm ( native of Scandinavia ) , ¦ [ £ A , _JfEHtTH ( native of Hungnrv * , , _•*! Henri Hubert ( nativeof Switzerland ) , J July 4 th , 1816 .
Elihu Bimnitt. Ine Learned Blacksmith —This
Elihu _BimniTT . _inE Learned Blacksmith —This
Extraordinary Man Arrived In Liverpool O...
extraordinary man arrived in Liverpool on . * j uiiday morning by thc Ilibernia , from the United States , and reached Manchester on Monday evening la t . "We . understand that he intends spending about a fortnight in Manchester . As the _fsme of thi * extra * ordinary exemplar of "the pursuit of knowledge under difficulties" may not have reached all our readers , wc may mention timt he was born in Connecticut , in 1811 , of humble but respectable parents ; attended the district school for some months yearly , until the age of 16 , when , his father dying , he was apprenticed to a blacksmith ; at which trade he worked until he was 23 ; and , after trying , for a year or two , teaching and other professions , wliich did
not suit his health , he returned to his anvil , at which he Still labours , when at home , devoting all his _leisure _houi's to literary pursuits . "By dint of hard labour , he has become a proficient in the most difficult languages of Asia , and in many of those languages of Europe whieh are now nearly disused and obsolete ; among them are Gaelic , Welsh , Celtic , Saxon , Gothic , Icelandic , Russian , Sclavonic , Armenian , Chaldaic , Syriac , Arabic , Ethiopic , Sancrit , and Tamul ! It was stated , in a public _meeting , in 1838 , by Governor Everett , that Mv . Burritt by that time , by his unaided industry alone , had made himself acquainted with fifty languages . Mr . Burritt shows no disposition ( o relax from his labours . Ue usually devotes eight hours to labour , eight hours to
study , and eight hours to physical indulgence and repose , * and , by pursuing this course , he enjoys tho advantages—vainly coveted by many literary menthose connected with ' sound mind in a healthy body . ' Nor does he confine liis labourg to tho mere _aoouisu tion of literary wealth , —he also diffuses with a liberal hand . He has written may valuable articles for periodicals of high standing ; he has delivered many lectures which _liaye been replete with interest and valuable information ; he has heen repeatedly listened to by large and highly respectable audiences in New York , Philadelphia , and other places , with edification and delight . " Mr . Burritt is now only 35 years of age , and he is visiting- _England partly to recruit his strength , and partly to see the English
people with his own eyes , and to judge for himself as to their character as developed at home . He is tall , thin , and of good address ; and no one , for his external appearance , would guess him to he a blacksmith . He has a fine intellectual countenance , bright speaking eyes , animated features , and a broad expansive forehead . There is none of that remarkable fulness in the eye which phrenologists usually assign to the organ of language when developed in an extra * _, ordinary degree ; and he is net by any means a fluent speaker , Elihu Burritt is chiefly known in thia country as the great advocate of peace principles ia the United States , anil he is continually publishing small printed slips called " Olive leaves , " which are printed in incredible quantities , and reprinted in
about 300 American newspapers . But he is also a most earnest and thorough free-trader , regarding commercial freedom as the great messenger and bono of peace amongst nations . He mentioned the other evening having ' received from a friend in tbe far-west a letter descriptive of the abundance of the crops there . Corn was growing in profusion up to the threshold of the door , yet the inhabitants of that district were so miserably clad , that they had hardly shoes to their feet ; and if they wanted to purchase as muck calico as could be obtained in Manchester for a shilling or two , they must carry a load of com
a distance of seventy miles , in order to obtain a little clothing . He avowed his strong conviction that the United States grew bread-stuffs enough to supply the whole of the demand of this country . He expresses himself mueh pleased with England , and with English hospitality , so far as lie \ m seen the one and enjoyed the other ; and was very much struck with what he regarded as the dense population ot the country , as seen on the line of railway between Liverpool and Manchester , although this tract of country is generally regarded as sparely peopled , owing to the mosses and other causes . — Manchester Guardian ,
TUB _BiHMiffOiiAM Railway . —On Sunday _evenin | last , between 1 and 8 o ' clock , an accident ol a iuosi frightful description , and which , it is expecteci , wil _terminate fatally occurred on t _^ above line to a young man , * named Arthur Lee , clerk , " » " _£ « _£ ploy of the company . There was a train runnmgm k the Camden-town station while _gWfgJ was _forthwith conveyed to the University College _, where he still remains ia a dangerous condition . -
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 11, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_11071846/page/7/
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