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November 11, 1848. THE NORTHERN STAR. __...
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THE SOBS OF THE LAND. bt sAwon wai—»cib....
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THE LABOURER (edited by Fkabgtjs O'Conko...
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Simmondss Colonial Magazine. November. L...
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TO THE WORKING CLASSES, * ' ffordtai* th...
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MINER'S ASSOCIATION. A grand demonstrati...
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AcoroiNi bt ar Ounibtjs.—An inquest was ...
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Corosbr's Ikquest.—Death of a Prisoneh i...
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•^amtus,
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APatroi of thi Gamb Laws.—The Bishop of ...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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November 11, 1848. The Northern Star. __...
November 11 , 1848 . THE NORTHERN _STAR . ________ 3
:Pa«R_V
: _pa « r _ v
The Sobs Of The Land. Bt Sawon Wai—»Cib....
THE SOBS OF THE LAND . bt sAwon wai—» cib . When Ode bright earth was male , Tho Maker deigned to bleu it ; And Adam with hit _tpada _. Was aetits till aad dress it—With _proolsa that hit toil Shonld briaghaalth , food , aad p _' _tanm * And that the virgin soil Sboald yield him _boandleu tteaiare , Ch—tii Then the IitBl , tit Land , _ravera tha Arcs ( rat boon was gives , Whieh _ttill from year to year , Proclaims it came from heaven . Thea E ' en _' a _bllssfol bowers ( Which Eva had tximan'd with neatness ) Were filled with breath of flowers ,
And ansio a songt of sweetness ; While froU— . ' twas bliss to taste—Hung temptingly above ber . Her fair hand _nlock ' d in haste , A banquet for her lover . Chorus . Then every glen and grove Saw happy creatures wooing—Tha _aweet-volced turtle dove , Pour'd forth bar peaceful cooing Than waa tbe golden age—Had I bat skill te show it—Which gutters in the page Of mas ** a deatbltu poet . Chorus , Ire ¥ athe _*» Adam tailed
Acmu UJe ' a mystic river , Hia _Freehold he entailed , Oa _oO his soma for ever . Aad strict Injunctions left , That they should never barter Hit noble , priceless gtf _s , Secured by Heaven ' s Charter . _Choros . Bat good Stag Adam died , And wicked kings eame after—Who insolent in pride , Tamed Adam's trade to laughter . The ; dozed npon their throaes When hayttms ' _s hoars n « iunny , Frond , worthless , laiy drones , They licked the pots ot boney . Cboras . Some licked the monarch ' *
hands—At this you ne id not wonder , Since ha of all their lands , His brethren meant ta plunder—Men driven frem the field _. Sought refage in the city ; Then spade * wera made to yitld To clubs , Oh wbat a pity ! Chorus . Thos Hands were changed to fees—To aid th * _tffelliBg clamour The smoking furnace rose , Land rang the clanging hammer ; Wrath darken _' d all men ' s brows , Blood aWd from nearest neighbours—And hooka and shares of ploughs Wtre turn'd to spears and sabres . Chorus . At length red carnage ends .
And hush'd the din of battle—The whirling _diiiaflf _lesds Aid to the flying shuttle—The rich have all the soil , AU _pawer by them is wielded . The poor have all tbe toil , Bat little which it yielded . Chorus . Then come lads , heart and band , Oaa effort fir onr Charter , To bring oa back onr land , And make oar foes seek quarter , Stand np , nor crouch like slaves , While robbers lord it o ' er us—Oar patriots from their graves Point victory before as . Chorus . Then flee from smoke and noise ,
Where cheeks grow white and hollow ; Lire * _midct onr rural Joys , And mj health will follow . The spade ' s ear magic wand , Wbich yields at all onr wishes _. Spreads ables at command , With good things heaps oar dishes . Cboras . Let pridi now bend his brow On those who tarn the farrow , Yet worth may drive the plough , And wisdom lead the harrow . When Bonis reaah _' d power and ff—in » When nations be * ged her pardon—Thea _CSncdnnatus cam * , A monarch from his garden . _Chcrui .
Now kinis and nobles Isarn Tha majesty of labour , Hore glory it doth earn Tban e ' er was gained by aabre . Bnt who hath plough asd sps . de Bettered to pristine honour ! The world hath answer made , Tbe great and good O'Connor . Then the man , the maa revere To him all praise be given , Who to the rightful heir , Restores the gift of Heaven . Brldgeton , Glasgow .
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The Labourer (Edited By Fkabgtjs O'Conko...
THE LABOURER ( edited by Fkabgtjs _O'Conkoe , Esq ., M . P . ) November . London : J . Watson , 3 , Queen ' s Head Passage , Paternoster Row . The article which first invites perusal in this month ' s number of the Labourer has for ita subject 'The System of Land Tenure and Agriculture in Guernsey . ' * Over-population'is asserted to be the great evil of the day , and * Emigration' is cried np as the only remedy . If the conntry were ever-populated , doubtless , emigration wonld be the fitting remedy . But to prove over-population it must first be shown that these countries , known ' by the style and title ' Of Great Britain and Ireland , are cultivated to the foil extent of tbeir capabilities , and that
notwithstanding snch cultivation the produce is not sufficient for the sustenance of the population . Nothing of the sort can be shown ; on the contrary , the reverse must be necessarily inferred by a comparison ofthe extent ef papulation of these islands with the population of the neighbouring island of Guernsey . The population of Ireland may he stated at two hundred and twenty-five to a square mile ; that of Great Britain at about two hundred and fifty to the square mile . The population of Guernsey was , in 1841 , eleven hundred and twelve persons to the sqmremile ; and there was then no cry about _< overpopulation' in that island . We believe no such cry is heard at the present time ; and we are confident that the emigration-schemers will not think of attempting to enlist the sympathies of the Guernsey
men . The climate of Guernsey is not superior to that of the South of England , nor the land more fertile ; and , taken altogether , Ireland enjoys to theJuU , as many natural advantages as Guernsey . How is it . then , that more thin a . thousand persons to the square mile can be supported in a high state of comfort in Guernsey , _tvhile of the two hundred and twenty-five to the square mile in Ireland , and the twoihundred and fifty in England , almost one-half are beggars or paupers , and another large portion constantly on the brink of destitution ? How comes
n to pass that , m Guernsey , criminals are almost unknown , and beggars are not to be seen , while , in _Engjand and Ireland , the criminal part of the population is numbered by thousands , andbeggars swarm — every city , town , and hamlet ? The answer is _sapplied by Mr F . Hill , now one of the inspectors of prisons : —¦ ' Guernsey has superior laws , superior ivfUutions , and the state of tilings in Guernsey is tne among the thousand proofs that have been given , that the prosperity and happiness of a people are mnch more dependent on its laws , institutions , and the manner in which its government is carried on , thin on climate and fertility of soil '
___ The writer in the Labourer supplies the following interesting account of
_u * n > temcxs Ann skill _i-axjcs nc er—busby . The system of land tenure , and of cultivation , by ** hieh an island whose productive surface is little more baa 10 , WO acres of orchard , garden , arable , and partare land , ia enabled to support 27 , 600 inhabitants In we state of comfort described by Mr Hill , is totally op-Posed to the dogmas of the political economists . The tenure Is _cqolvaUnt to proprietary in almost every in-Stance . _ThelandbeingndtherreBtednorleosed _. aslnthU oantry . by the cultivator , the estates are minutely
snbwidtd _, and worked principally by the spade . The ** au * e of property partakes of the doable nature of land ™ fl bs a farm , subject to the payment ef annual rsaia , —i as lead held at freehold in perpetuity . A purchase Bay be made by the immediate payment of tha price ¦ freed apon , or by the payment of a put only , and tbe onterslon _afthe remainder into corn rents , to beannntH y paid , or finally by convening the whole of the _Prtte Into acch _reata . In the tiro last cues , where a part of or the whole of the price is Sip-dated for an annual rut , the purchaser is .
The Labourer (Edited By Fkabgtjs O'Conko...
to all intents andpnrposta , _aaaaueh the proprietor at in tte flr . t ease where tha whole _prScolaoald down in cash , andsolon # ; a » th _* itipalas _* d rents are paid , ha and his _hsirt oan never be disturbed , bat bold tt * land as freehold for aver . To th * forms * proprlttir tt * rents are guaranteed by th * I * nd told , and by ail the othtr real property held at the tint * of sale by the purchaaerfree from snoh _incombranee _, aad tbe rents being transfer . able , aad each property being al way * in demand , money can be raised by their _stia with _umtuh _* -a M as it scald befer * on th * lend itself . That , without th * ntcesiity
of _eultfvatlnr the soil , the original poi > enor enjoys the net Income of his estate _seesred on tbe estate itself , which be can resaate in cast of non-payment , while the purchaser on the das payment of tha tint charged , becomes real and _pvrpttual owner , having an interest in the soil far above that of fanners nnder any other _tsnure . Experience has proved tbat , under this tenure , a rpirit of Industry and economy ia generated , _prode-dog content , eat * , and even wealth , from estates which , in other countries , are hardly thought capable of _afferdfog sustenance to their oocupsn t * .
Landed property ia Oae _»* at »* yU _* ztremelysabdivided . Instead cf th * property in the Island bring held in large mutes , each acre of which It ot insigaincant valae to the owner , it U covered over with clusters ot small estate * of from four to fro acres . There may be some in each parish of twenty <* thirty , bnt these ar * exoep . tions , and _thirty-acre estate * ar * extremely rare and looked apon as being considerable estates . Thia is the result of tha law of _taoettlon in th * island . land by tbat law cannot be devised by will . Th * eldest son takes as his eldership th * boose , and from sixteen to twenty perches of land adjoining it on the paternal or maternal estates , if there bo both—be is alto at liberty to retain the land in a ring fenee ; that Is to iaj , tokeep pottessloa . of all land * to which he may have mcees-. withont crossing the pnttlo road , bat for snch part of
the land as exceeds bis own than , be mutt pay to hli _co-hetra the price put upoa It by the _coaitablts and doaaantarf , or local mart of th * parish in which th * laad la situated . With tha exception of _ont-twentleth part ef the land , which is reserved fer the sons , and ont of whleh ths eldership is taken , the real property is divided two-third * _ameog the sons , one-third among the daughters ; but should thtir relative numbers aire an advantage to tbe daughters , if a third wen allotted to them , they wonld be boand to forego that advantage , and to share equally with the brothers . Ia order to _praveatan unnecessary splitting np of these amall estates _, it It provided thatthe _aldett ton may , if he have tbe nwani , be allowed to pay to eaoh of hit brothers and sisters the value of their ahare of tha property , and then retain possession of the whole himself .
We add an extractor two illustrative of the effects of the Guernsey system , as showB by the quantity and quality of
_agiicci- —bat . nonces . Th * rotation of crops generally observed gives two erops of { wheat ia five years ; the usual _courobeleg _psrsnipt , wheat , barley , clover , and wheat , tbe greater _prednc * of wheat being after parsnips . Tbe average pro . doc * of wheat in England , under thelarge-farm system , is estimated by the best authorities at from _twemy-three to _tmmy-fonr Winchester bushels per acre . In Guernsey , under the _small-fsrm system , a field of exactly two English acres and a half produced one hundred and thirtyfour and a hsli Winchester bushels ; or fifty-four bushel * per acre . It ia well ascertained that other farmers have grown fifty . flva acd sixty bushels an acre ; so that the ordinary . wheat crop may be taken as at
least _dooue that of the large farms of England . The hay crops average three ton * and a half ¦¦ acr _* . They hive been frequently known on the best land and in _fave arable seasons to be fonr tons and tbree-quartsrs . Field roots for cattle are _equallyjirodaoHve . Parsnips are a favourite crop , not only on account of their productircneii , but on account of their utility In fatting stock and its power of rstfstlng' the _injorits of frost . Tha _prodnea per aera , ( hough less than that « f _rnangsl _wottel , It considerably greater than that of the carrot . A good crop in Guernsey Is _oonsiderei _absut twenty-two torn per English acre . Hogs prefer tbit root to all others , and make excellent pork , bat the boiling ofthe root renders the bacon flabby . The animal caa be fattened in six weeks apon this food .
Viewing tbe agricultural system of Guernsey as a whole , tha fertility ofthe soil and tbe weight of the crops cannot be disputed . Let ths production of tbe island _beeotnparad to that of any ten thousand acres kept in one two , or three hands in Great Britain , and the superiority of small farma will be obvioni ; Indepeud . entljof tho-upport oftio tamUiea employed ieoaltiration , in a high state of comfort , the produce tent to market li mnch larger than frem ths _la-gcfarm system of -. bit coua-ry , Tbe Gatrn-ey ten thousand acres keep two thousand five hundred milch cows , which prodace , eae with the other , aU the year round , five pounds of batter per week—thi * at ls . per pound or its vala * in milk , amounts to £ 33 , 000 a year ; five hundred and fifty caws are exported , and aboat that number of fat
cows or oxen are slaughtered . The quantity of vegetables , fruit , poultry , and eggs , brought to market , is prodigious , and at many u 267 , 733 bushels of potatoes were exported in tbe jearl 8 S 9 ; tbe eider of the island is of the best quality , aod several hundred hogsheads ara annually shipped to England . The agricultural pre dace therefore , from snch a amall surface , will be seen to be enormous , and such aa to _lncontestlbly demonstrate tha superiority ofthe tenure by whioh tbe ltnd is held , and the mode in which il is cultivated . At a _consequence of this abundant production , prices are low . Wheat _Ischeaper _in'Goernsey than with as . The ordinary price of good meat it fonrpence per _poond ;
moist sugar from threepence to fonrpence ; potatoes sell for threepence a p ck . A tax of one shilling - a gallon on Imported spirit , Is tha only Indirect tax of any kind whatever . The principal tax is a direct one ; it 1 * a property tax averaging abont sixpence in the pound apon all existing property . Thus a man paje thlt tax nGt only fer his lands and houses , bat for money which he may have io the funds , for money lent on mortgage , < fcc . With the proceeds of this tax tha whole general and local expenses of the government of this island are defrayed , Including the making of reads , the construction of public buildings , asd the support ef two hoipitali in St Peter-Pert , for the maiateaacce of aged , decayed , and S ' ck aad infirm persons .
Notwithstanding these moderate prices , the rent of laad is so high that it will astonish tho Ecglish reader . It must be very inferior indeed if the rent is not two pounds per verges , wbich , as two and a half vergecs are equal to one English statute acre , is at tba rate of _fivapoondt per acre . The best land It much higher , being valued at three pounds to tbree pounds fire shillings per tergee , or nearly three pounds per statute acre . The whole article is well worthy of attentive perusal . The conclusion ofthe story of -The Murdered Trooper , ' a continuation of the series of articles on ' National Literature , ' and the conclusion of the romantic drama of St John ' s Eve , ' constitute the remaining contents of this number .
Simmondss Colonial Magazine. November. L...
_Simmondss Colonial Magazine . November . London : Simmonds and Co ., Barge Yard , Bucklersbury . To the general reader the most inviting articles are those on * The Russian and Japanese Kurile Islands , ' 'Arctic Discovery , ' and a series of 'Letters from the Ottawa River , Canada . ' From an article advocating 'The revival of Cotton Culture in t West Indies' we select the following extract : — A WORD TO ' PHILANTHROPISTS * — HOBBORS OI
BRAZILIAN SLAVERY . By an Inconsistency the most glaring , a contradlo Men the most absurd , the philanthropists of Great Brl tain , while denouncing the atrocities ef tha slave drivers of the _Geotgias , supply those very slave drivers with the mesas , and stimulate the extension of those atrocities by pajing them lfis 8 d ont of every 30 s . they expend upon cotton apparel , and leaving but the miserable pittance of Said for the reward of the free labour of their onn _feUow aubjeota . They murmur at the poor man being allowed to sweeten his cup of sloe-leaf Infusion , miscalled tea , with a few grains of slave-raised sugar , while fey wear the fruits of American tyranay without compunctioD , smeka tbe nasty weed of _Yirgtaia without a blnsb , and decorate tbeir wires and daughters in the
diamonds ef Brazil , without once _reflecting on tbe blood and misery by which they ara procured , or calling to mini that the atrocities ofthe mines far exceed those of the field , and that the slave-grown sugar of Brazil ascends to Heaven with fewer _imprecatlont from _leffer-Ing humanity than the gold won with difficulty from ths bowels of tho earth , or the glittering baubles purchased at a price at which humanity shudders . Of this last , as wtllas ef th * justioe 1 which prevails among slaveowners , take the following eharacteristto example' Senor Geronimo _Paex , director of a Brazilian diamond mine , having reason to suspect a negro of stealing diamonds , ordered ' hia to be ripped open , when a magnificent rote diamond was found in his intettintt . Encouraged by ths success of his first experiment ,
he ordered it to ba tried on tke second , tblrd , and _four-. h suspected negro ; bat , in each east the victim were innocent—so _biikostds will todkd . Tbis result , however did not ch ck Senor Paiz _, who repeated his _atrooioaiaompon two xpbe negroes , bot unsuccessfully , His conduct at last reached the ears ofthe proprietors of tha miae , by whom ha was summoned before the Tribunal of Villa Bella . By tbe jadgment delivered on the 35 th of February , 38 * 6 , we learn that _Pacz was ordered to pay Senores Clfaentes aad Co ., the lessees of th * mines of Brassala , the sam of 2 , 609 piastres , as tb * talue ofthe five negreet of whom ha bad deprived tb * company , by pulling them to death wiibovx an rmiiTT J Ho order waa made for the first negro , ai All deatk was ro » the BBHiriT or tm owHixs . For the cams no proeeedingthadbttntaktn ! { /
the oaly crime , In ths _eyts ofthe slaTe-driving judges , _Bontlste & in the failure to detect proofs of guilt , not in the _de-ecratloa of that which tbe Almi ghty oan alone bestow—a gift estimated by tbem at the mighty valae of some £ 104 8 s id sterliog . Bat will this tale of horror , verified aa tt is by judicial processings , have the effect of diminishing the sal * of Brazilian diamonds in th * British market by a stogie unit ; or _exclod * ont of these glitteriog crystals of charcoal from the jewel boxtt of onr _pWlauthao _jiofairoaes ! Ifearnot ,
To The Working Classes, * ' Ffordtai* Th...
TO THE WORKING CLASSES , * ' _ffordtai * things , aad asmall drop of ink _s _- aUlag—llk * dew—upon a thought , produoes > f bat which makes thousands , perhaps millions , _thtak' Biaow .
« ORGANISATION OF LABOUR . ' THE FRENCH ' CONSTITUTION . ' CAPITULATION OF VIENNA . Brother Pkolbtamans , A considerable _poition of Louis _Blako ' _s reply to _Tbikbs is devoted to a vindication of his scheme of association for the * Organisation of Labour , ' in answer to the sneers and misrepresentations indu l ged in by his _uniorupalous antagonist . In my last letterthrough want of room— -I waa able only te indicate the arguments of Loins Blum : for the same reason !
lean in this letter only give the merest outline of his ' system . ' Under that system the unemployed , or ( according to the infamous phrase of the politioal economists ] ' surplus' population , wonld be formed into associations of artisans and agriculturists , to work for themseises . The necessary workshops or factories for the employment of the town workers , wonld be provided by the government . The agricultural producers would be plaoed on lands belonging to the state . The necessary capital wonld be advanced from the National . Treasury .
In the government of the associations , management would supersede mastershi p . The government wonld take the initiative of superintendence ; bat after a time each association would become a self-governed body . The manufacturing workmen wonld be left to decide for themselves , in each asseoiation , whether they would adopt the present wages system , or that which Loon Bnao favours — equality el reeompenies . Tbe profits would be devoted—one-fourth to the redemption of the capital , one-fourth to support the
rick and aged , one-fourth to be divided amongst the workmen as tbeir share of the profits , and the remaining fourth to form a reserve fond . The union of manufactures with agriculture , formed a valuable part of the scheme ef agricultural association , proposed by tbe _Lnxembonrg _Commissi « n . One-third of the colonists were to be agriculturists ; one-third mechanics , whose labours are necessary to agriculture ; and one-third manufacturing _operatives _. Shopkeepers—those drones ef tha industrial hive—wonld have fonnd no place in those colonies .
I mnst refer the reader to the work entitled ' Organisation of Labour" ( which may be purchased for a shilling ) , or to the supplement to the Spur or thb Asa of the 28 th nit ., noticed in my last letter , for a roll exposition of Louis _Bur-cl * ' system . ' Aa regards the organisation of working men . in factories and workshops , I can see no reasonable objection to that organisation . At present five or five hundred * _hands' do manage to pass the day together in a workshop or a factory working for the profit of a ttaiter , without quarrelling or fighting ; why , then ,
should they not work together for their own benefit nn at least eqaally _amiosble terms ? Am I answered that anarchy is at present banished from the workshop and factory because the workers are enrbed by a ' matter f' I answer , that the , manager or superintendent would not be less a conservator of order * There is as muoh _regnl-rity in eur national as in our private dockyards ; and our political and benefit societies are—to say the least—quite as well eondnoted by offioers elected by the popnlar voioe , as are associations of millowners , or even the 'High Conrt of Parliament .
Jf it be argued that tbe rale of a master'ia _nowssary to « _Diute the fidelity and industry of eei-tain workmen , wjio otherwise wonld be dishonest or idle , it may . b * r * nswered that ihe law—the , regulations of eaoh allocation adopted for the good of _. all—would be a sufficient proteotion against any such , evil * . Besides , there would be the watchful superintendence ofthe managers . Lastly , and above all , eaob being interested in the general _welfares-each having the interests of a ' master' superadded to his interests as alabonier . no one conld play the part of an idler without provoking the general censure , and ensuring _corwotion at the hands of the whole .
If the government—general and local—ia able to make dockyards , and build . churches , prisons , and _bastiles . it is equally able to errct workshops , faotories , and fitting dwellings for the working cissies . It the government can appropriate , or sanction the appropriation , of land for the benefit of the rich , it can surely do the same for the poor . If the government can draw taxes and raise loans to pay for wars—that is , f or destruction—it can r arely do the same to employ tbe labour ofthe working mee—that is , for the advance of production . If the government can find millions of money with whiob to glut the .. ravenous maws of the tax-eating locusts of the State , surely the means might be found to save the tax-payers from pauperism . In this conntry , at all events , tho means
are ample enough without the imposition of any new tax , or the raising of any sew . loan . The grossly misapplied poor-rates , and the parsons' plundercommonly called tithes—would suffice—if honestly and skilfully admiaiatered—to . gradually , 'but surely , extinguish pauperism . I also think I could put the Chancellor of the Exchequer 'ap' te a few ether sources of revenue for purposes of national regeneration ; I must , however , warn his Chancellorship that , were he to act upon my suggestions , he wonld certainly be assassinated by the tax-eaters and profitmongers , unless , indeed , those worthies stood in awe of the proletarians . The support of ihe masses tbe Chancellor , o f the . Exchequer may at once com * _mand—provided he will straightway commence
a course of operations directly the reverse of those he has hitherto engaged in , taking care to make the universal enfranchisement of the people the basis of his policy . - A great outcry has been raised against Lous _Bunc , on the gronnd that were his scheme of industrial organisation in operation , ' talent ahd industry wonld be allowed no larger share of material advantages than ignorance and sloth . ' It nrghtbe sufficient to answer , tbat so far from desiring to place idleness on an equality with industry , the very objeot Louis Blahc has in view _. is to put an end to the system by whioh the idler is enabled to live npon the labour of the worker . But it will be answered , ' Louis Blakc proposes that the present system of unequal wages
shall be superseded by equal recompenses to all workers . ' A reference to Louis Butte ' s writings will show thathe regards equality of recompenses , however jnst or desirable , as a system whioh the working men themselves are not yet prepared to adopt . But I submit that much might bs said in favour of Louis Blawo ' b theory . One thing is certain , that—as a general rale—under the present system , those who work hardest are tbe worst paid , it will not ba pretended that bricklayer * work as hard as ' bricklayers' labourers , ' nor will it be pretended that tbe latter receive tbe highest pay . The same may be said of attorniesand their clerks—rectors and theit curates . Pharaoh ' s dream _faitbfally prefigured the present state of sooiety—the fat kine devour the lean .
The moat sealons opponent of Louis Blano would be hard put to it to show that talent haa any better chance than industry under the present system . By talent , I mean genuine intellectual superiority , unalloyed by cunning or baseness . Thomas Gray , tbe inventor of the railway system , after lingering through a life of neglect and privations , died a few weeks since in a state of positive distress . On the other hand , Hudsoh , the ' Railway King , ' who possesses not a _apark of the genius of Gray , has acquired , immense wealth , the lord mayorship of York , and a seat in the legislature . Some time since an attempt was made to get up a testimonial to present to poor Gra y , as an expression of publio gratitude for the service he had done the state , in first Bhowing the feasibility of the
railroad system . _JNot one of tbe railway companies could be induced to subscribe even a penny . Now look on the other side ef the picture : some moneyworshipping scoundrel started the idea of ' a testimonial in honour of Gnoses _flunsoa , Esq ., M . P , ' and forthwith twenty thousand pounds were collected . The railway inventor had talent , and he lived and died in misery . The ' railway king' possesses the one needful qualification ior _sncoess---oourjr « ots . craft —and he lives in boundless luxury , and rolls in untold wealth . The man of talent was starving , and a few hundred pounds could not be collected for him . The man of era // laboured under a plethora of wealth , and at his feat hundreds hastened to lay their golden stores ! The apologists of the present system point to men who by their' industry' and ' talents' have exalted _them-elves to the ranks ef the wealthy and the
noble . But I assert , that were the histories of those men investigated , it would be seen tbat nearly the whole have either profited by the industry or talents of others , or owed their first advancement to fortunate accidents , or made themselves the _tosls and toadies of the rioh ; tramplin _; upon their own order —the sons of poverty—but with a ready suppleness ' becking and booing' to the men of property . The man who , in thia age , has acquired wealth or greatness purely by Afi own industry , or tbe force of his genius , unaided by craft , servility , or apostacy , is a phenomenon I shonld much like to see . If suoh a ' human ' exists , and oan be caught and shown 'alive , 'he will be an infinitely greater wonder than thepbotaix , thekrsken , and the great sea serpent wonld be , though all tbree were safely caged together , and exhibited as the' latest , '' newest , ' 'just arrived ' happy family . '
To return to the question of _WBges : lam prepated to maintain tbat if unequal rewards are the most just—if wages sheuld be paid aocording to the kind of labour performed—as Louis Blaxc ' _s opponents contend—then the present system ought to be , ia almost every instance , entirely reversed . At present those who minister to the artificial wants of tbe idlers of sooiety are the best paid , when as these who produce articles of prime necessity are the worn paid . I grant exceptions , but I assert snoh is the rule . If inequality of rewards are the most just , than , I Bay , justice demands that tha useful rather than the ( comparatively ) Tsseleia _werker , shonld be
To The Working Classes, * ' Ffordtai* Th...
best paid . I say , further , tbat those who follow danfawns or loathsome occupations , ( if such oecupatioi _anpnnessary for the welfare of sooiety , ) should reoeive special rewards . Perhaps some one will ask ¦ ™ e _*^ 1 wo _>* _ldreliih » eoklininer receiving areward for his labour , equal to that whioh I receive for mine ? I answer , were the rewards leversed , were my recompense transferred to the coal miner and bis wages to me , I should still be very Borey toohange places with him ;; not because I shrink from labour , but because I conld not help shrinking from the
labour he pursues . According to my ideas of justice mariners and miners shonld reoeive the very highest material reward * , in return for their most useful and most dangerous labour . Many _loafhseme and many dangerous occupations which might , be _dispensed with , should be altogether superseded . If England had a government worthy of the name , it would take oare that the present fork grinders' of Sheffield should be the last of their calling . No more generations doomed to asthmatic old age at twenty five , and death by or before thirty five , would be devoted to that _murderons employment .
The friends of Louis Blano have an easy task to defend his ideas in opposition to the' damnable doctrines' of the " supporters of the existing system . But can they as easily reply to those who , hating the existing system , look u ; on Louis Blanc ' s plan as , of itself , inadequate to save the working classes from misery ? If a just and paternal government had ruled in Franoe ten years ago , and if that government , in a time of general peaoe and comparative security , hadoarried out Louis Blanc s scheme f Asioeiation , I feel . persuaded that , long ere this , the most beneficial results Would have been seen . Bat _dott that tha unbearable misery of the working classes , eombined with the ' horrible oonipiraoiti of the enemies of Labour , have produced a stato of
anarchy—not to be mastered by artillery , nor remedied by paper ' constitutions '—now Louis Bukc _' s scheme is not sufficiently . radical . Bolder—more sweeping measures—conceptions more thoroughl y revolutionary are necessary to save the state . If the men at the head of the real democrats are not prepared to propose suoh measures , should the opportunity to bring them forward present itself , or if the proletarians of France are not prepared to insist npon suoh measures—then the Revolution of 1848 has been in vain . The whole system of society in France doomB the masses to degradation , despair , and death , and by the fores of law , or the law of force , that system must perish . If cot , woe to the workers ! '
On Saturday , November ith , tbe new French Con * stibium was adopted almost unanimously . The members of the National Assembly shouted' Vive le Republicpie V * Vive la Constitution ! ' I am afraid that too many hypocrites and masked traitors joined io that shout . Before the final vote was taken , the Citizen Faux Put , one of 'the Mountain , ' - made another attempt to embody a declaration in favour of the' Right to Labour . ' His motion wae of _oourse rejected , only 86 voting for it . " 638 recorded their _voteiaf-sinittueobjtct ofthe Revolution of February .
Faux Pr « was treated in the most ruffianly manner by the infamous majority . Constantly interrupted _, he wai almost torn ' from the tribune when , in spite o f the howlings of the aristocrat ! , he dared to vindicate the _insurgents of June , by pronouncing their insurrection ' tbe protest of popular _ntisery . ' The Constitution ( whioh I may take another opportunity of reviewing ) guarantees Universal Suffrage . If it oould guarantee universal common sense , there would be no chance of such another assembly ever pretending to represent ths French people .
Yienna has fallen ! The heroic , tbe gallant democrats of tbe Austrian capital have been overpowered by brute-force . Hundreds have been mowed : down by the tyrant ' s artillery . Hundreds more have been slaughtered by tbeir brutal victor * . Their famine * and homes have been abu-ed and _duolatea by ruffians and pillagers . Proscription , rapine , murder , and crimes I forbear to name , bave made the hapless city a mortal hell—a pandemonium _ofhorrsrs whioh even tbe most powerful pen wonld fail to describe May , red vengeacoe overtake the _desolatots of Vienna ! - ' It will be remembered that the people of Vienna generously and nobly rose on the 6 th of October to prevent the marching of troops againBt the Hungarians . They sucoeeded , and the cowardly emperor , alarmed at this manifestation of popular _nrinoiDle
and courage ; took to his heels . If in that hour the Diet had deprived FsrdijuhD of his crown , and invoked the aid of the German people fer the defence of Vienna , the horrors of the lst . of November and subsequent days would never have been . But the Diet _temporised and all was lost . A defeated tyrant was never yet conciliated , and all but fools must have seen frem the outset that the only objeot of Ferdimaud and his admirers was to gain time . , As long as the mercenary hordes destined to execute the royal _vengeanoe were not collected the tyrant amused the Diet with fair speeohes about his love for his people , _d-o . Even when marching his barbarian hordea against the capital , he professed to do ao with ' a bleeding heart '—the hypocrite ! ' WiNDisoHeRATz _' s out-throats onoe-oolleoted and ieady for aotion , the Royal Cain threw off tbe mask of moderation , and , instead of fair words ahd fine promises
'Cried havoc I acd let slip the dogi of war !' After suffering bombardment for reveral days , tbe oity appears to have been taken by storm on the lst inst . Its gallant defenders were either mowed down by grape _Bhot , or , on being overcome with arms in their hands , were unmercifully put to the sword . The conduct of the , Hungarians , who hiye been represented as all along ' able and willing to Bave tbe oity , bnt did not do so , is as yet unacoountable . At the last moment , a portion of the Hungarian army appear to have made a desperate and vain attempt
to tnrn the tide of war , but their efforts were' top lat ? . ' Fatal words ! Fatal sometimes to kings , but nearly always so to the people , Unhappy nations ! Why will you not learn _wibdom from experience ? Why will you persist in shutting your eyes to the eternal faot , that the royal , aristocratical _, and money-grinding enemies of Labour are your irreconoilable enemies ; enemies who have no belie f in Justioe , no sense of Honour , and no trust but in Force . Why , oh Peoples , when you have those enemies under your feet , why do you not do unto them as they do unto you ? _L'Ami du Pbupi , b . November 9 th , 1848
Miner's Association. A Grand Demonstrati...
MINER'S ASSOCIATION . A grand demonstration of the Aspul , and Black _, rod Colliers was held on Monday , November 6 th The procession , beaded by a band o f music , started from the Green Barn Lodge , at nine o ' olock in the morning , and proceeded to meet their brethren at the Rid Lion Lodge . The procession having been formed , prooeeded to the plaoe of meetim ? , calling at the Three Crowns and Blaok Horse Lodges . At this place the miners of the _Waggon and HorseB _Lodte , Adlington , were waiting to join the ranks ; the procession then moved ' to the lodge at the _Cuck Tavern , where the distriot officers and delegates
were _assunbled . Ihey then proceeded to the lodge held at Mr Pilkington ' s , and also to _Aspnl Mow , calling at the various lodges on the Moor , and baok again to the plaoe of meeting . A miner was unanimously elected chairman . The meeting was addressed by H . Dennett , D . Swallow , J . Parkinson , and otber friends . At the conclusion it was unanimously resolved to send in a _statement for an advance of wages—that is , the prices of 1846 and ' 47 . A vote of thanks was given to the chairman and tbe speakers for their eervioes . After giving three times three , and three oheers more for theunioB , tbe men returned to their various lodge rooms , preceded by the band .
What are the miners of the Tyne , Wear , and Tees dotal- ? Are they not coming to the rescue ? During the paBt week , ' meetings have been held at Ringley , Bury , Bolton , Wigan , Ao . A _oounty meeting of Miners will be held at the Bowling Green Inn , Halshaw Moor , near Bolton , on Monday , November 13 th , to commence at eleven o ' clock' _preoisely . The statements to be sent in to the masters tor an advanoe of wages will then be prepared .
Acoroini Bt Ar Ounibtjs.—An Inquest Was ...
_AcoroiNi bt ar Ounibtjs . —An inquest was held on Tuesday before Mr Mills , at the Builders' ArmB , Compton Street , Burton Crescent , on the body of J . Lock , aged 63 , a carpenter , who was knocked down by as omnibus , the property of Mr Bennett , Chehea , ' while coming np Whitcomb Street at a speed of between six and seven miles an hour , by wbioh his right leg was fractured . In a few daya _dissease of the chest manifested itself , ot which he died on the 27 th of October . The witnesses said that the driver might have prevented tho accident if he had only stopped a minute , and that omnibusiea went up Whitcomb Street in a reckless and dangerous mannor . _—Deoeased ' s son observed . that the inhabitants informed him that they were every day in danger of tbeir lives by the omnibuam—The Coroner remarked that it was a great thoroughfare , and that bethought the Commissioners of Woods and Forests should have taken steps to have widened tbe street
—Verdiot , ' That the deceased died from a disease of the chest ; that the jury are of opinion that the street in whioh the said acoident happened is a dangerous and unsafe thoroughfare for omnibwses , which daily pass therein , and that we recommend that some means should be adopted to prevent _omnibusses and other vehicles from travelling along that street as they are at present _acoustomed to do . ' - Mr Mills suggested tothe inhabitants living in the atreet , then in the inquest room to memorialise tbe _Commissionera of Police for them to place a policeman there on duty , fur tha purpose el obeoking tbe speed ofthe omnibusiea . _Ekiqbation . —On Monday night , tbe Britannia , of 600 top , left the London Docks with a large number of emigrants , English , French , German , and Irish , for Australia . There ia almost a fleet of vessels lying off the jetty and in tte basin , preparing to _liefer that colony .
Acoroini Bt Ar Ounibtjs.—An Inquest Was ...
PRESENT AND FUTURE STATE OF EUROPE . PaitVIIL THE NEW STATE " oi EUROPE AND OF _ZIX & T " S 0 CIE tY ° g
Reasons for a European Federation : — _1 . It is the interest of each individual to be a member of the strongest and beat government-a government based on truth , and con . _sistent in principle and practice . 2 _. To have a Code of Laws just in principle , and simple and easy of application to practice . 3 . To be unrestricted b y Custom Houses and passports , and to have direct and light taxation .
4 . To be well trained , educated , employed , and placed . 5 . To be so instructed that each may be his own priest , lawyer , physician , and soldier ¦ in order tbat each may be the most independent of others that social arrangements can be made to admit . 6 . That each individual should be gradually removed into social arrangements that would combine the advantages of the present cities , towns , and isolated residences , without any of their innumerable evils and inconveniences .
7 , That each individual should be so instructed and placed , as to be made competent to take part—at the proper age—in the government ofthe social arrangements—local and general—of which he is a member . __ 8 . That standing armies and national ecclesiastical establishments should be gradually superseded ; but that the individuals at present supported by them , as they have been so trained and placed by society , should be
amply provided for . 9 . That the _repulsiye principle which is the cause of competition , contests , and wars , should be openly abandoned by all nations and superseded by the attractive principle , which will create universal peace , un on , charity , and love , among all those who are now opposed to each other over the world , * opposed by language , religion , and other national prejudices .
10 . That the greatest amount of valuable wealth , compatible with the health and rational enjoyment ofthe producers , should _beannnall y created , and justly distributed . _11 . That it is , in fact , the interest of every one , that old society , which is opposed to the right cultivation of the human faculties and to the happiness of all , should be now peaceably superseded by new society , which will secure the happiness of all ; which change , by wise arrangements , may be accomplished without evil to any : and thus all inferior circumstances in every department of life , may be gradually superseded , and replaced by those only which are superior .
This knowledge of what is for the immediate and permanent interest and happiness of all , will form a solid and eternal foundation for a general rational Government , Constitution , and Code of Laws , for Europe and the world , when federatively united ; or , for each existing state separately , while unwisely isolated , and opposed in interest and feelings to its neighbours .
CONSTITUTION AND CODE OF LAWS FOR ; EUROPE , WHEN FEDERATIVELY UNITED UNDER ONE GOVERNMENT ; OR FOR EACH SEPARATE GOVERNMENT , UNTIL THAT UNION SHALL HAVE BEEN PEACEABLY EFFEOTED .
PRELIMINARY . Europe has hitherto been divided—owing to the very crude and inexperienced state of the hnman understanding—into { nations speaking different _languagesrhaving different interests , and . trained under different governments , in opposing feelings and strong national prejudices . These are circumstances vicious and most unfavourable for every inhabitant of Europe ; and it is , therefore , the interest , of all , from the highest to the lowest , to terminate , as speedily as practicable , this most irrational state of affairs , in which all are grievous sufferers .
Were Europe under one government , composed of well devised independent states , federatively united , and each independent state scientifically constructed to perform , in the best . manner , ail the substantial business of life , and to ensure from birth , by a good practical education , the well-doing and happiness of each individual , ALL THE INHABITANTS OF EUROPE WOULD BE IMMENSE GAINERS , and the world would be induced—by witnessing their individual and social progress and happiness—to imitate the example .
Under the supposition that the now opposing nations of Europe will acquire dufficient common sense to discover that their prosperity , peaee , and happiness , can proceed only from union ; and that union can be attained only when society shall be based on fundamental truths , instead of , as heretofore , on fundamental falsehoods , a Government , Constitution , and Code of Laws will be required , formed ia accordance with those truths .
To form an intelligent , united , virtuous , prosperous and happy state of society for Europe , arrangements must be scientifically combined to create and distribute wealth , in the best manner , and in abundance for all ; to form , from birth , a good and intelligent character for all ; to well and temperately exercise , through life , the physical and mental powers , faculties , and propensities of all ; to well govern these
arrangements locally , and to unite them federatively in one common interest , under one general government . To effect this happy change for the world , all the innumerable vicious , injurious , and inferior external circumstances , created by a system based on falsehood , and which now pervade society , must be superseded by those circumstances only which are virtuous , beneficial , and superior , in every department of life .
This new combination of circumstances may now be formed for Europe , at much less tban one-tenth of its present labour and capital ; and the whole thus locally re-organised and federatively united , may be governed far better and with much more ease and efficiency , than London , Paris , Vienna , or any other city or town , is now governed , or ever can be , under the false principle on which alone the world has been hitherto governed . With this view a Constitution and Code of Laws , devised and recommended for the future government of Europe , and the world , with the reasons for each law , shall be given in future numbers . Robert Owen . London , November 7 th , 1848 .
Corosbr's Ikquest.—Death Of A Prisoneh I...
Corosbr _' s Ikquest . —Death of a Prisoneh in Nbvoaxk . —Ob Friday night week , an inquest was hold at Newgate , on the body of JohR Bull , aged twenty eix , a prisoner , who died from the alleged grief and exoitement consequent on his confinement therein . Mr Cope , the Governorof tho Prison , stated that the deceased , who had been a printer , was re oeived thereon the lOthof _Auguat , 1847 , _bavins baen convicted at the September sessions for obtaining a bill of exchange under false pretences . He was sentenced to two _yeats' imprisonment . Although his friends were allowed to visit him , the _cirouroBtanoa of his incarceration deeply _affeoted his mind . _, He appeared remorseful , and suffered great mental de . _pression . Mr M'Murdo , tho surgeon , said that the disease of Bull was aggravated , if not induocd by the _oor-finement , and he had sent a certificate to the Homo Office , to the effeot tbat a relapse would be _latnl if it occurred while ho waa confined . A verdict of ' Natural death ' was rcoorded .
_ _ SuiciDKrROMGBiBP . -On Saturday last , an inquest was held on the body ot Thomas Gadd , _aned eighteen , of Blaokfriara Road . John Gadd , a brother of the deceased , stated that a young lady , to whom the deceased waB very muoh attached , died on Msnd _* y wei k , and since then he had been absorbed in grief . On Wednesday he came to _witne-s with his Bible , tl'k handkerchiefs , _ahirt studs , & o , and said he should not want them any more . Upon asking him what he meant , he replied , ' Don't a * k we any mor _** . He had no donbt he had _destroyed himself , and this through the loss of the lady he had so strong an at * baohmMtfoti _Vardiot , Temporary insanity . '
•^Amtus,
_•^ _amtus ,
Apatroi Of Thi Gamb Laws.—The Bishop Of ...
APatroi of thi Gamb Laws . —The Bishop of Ripon keeps * gamekeeper . ¦ _Spomino _Dmm-Noless _thanaaty-mneof ths Torkabire Slate Parsons have taken ont licence * t » ¦ hoot ! These men aim at being of good report . Since October . 1844 , Bank of England Stock haa fallen from 203 to 183 , and console from 104 to 841 _IlDDBBM _' l BHTMB , BUT ' _lIS TbOB . —Why IS » wig like a Whig ? Because it ia a false attachment to thecrown . _« , _„« .- __ _Pbisosbrs m Irbland . —Thera are 12 , 328 prisoners in tbe several jails throughout Ireland , - ; ¦ ,
Pauperism . —The workhouse of Kilrush . is at present filled to the utmost . The nnmber of inmates exceeds 1 . 400 . There are over 1000 paupers in tha Killarney _warehouse , 156 having been admitted last Monday week . Flax is now admitted doty tree in England . Tht quantity imported haa largely inciea _*« d _. A Chinese proverb cays , 'A lie has no legs and it oannot stand ; but it has wings , and can fly far and wide ' The funds of the Wesleyan Missionary Society ol England are not only exhausted , bat the trustees am £ 10 , 000 in debt . Te Djtkct Fraud in Tba , —Professor Reid ef New York , Bay * , that fraudulently oolonred green te * may be easily deteoted by putting a amall quantity of it in a glass of cold water , letting it remain for a _^ fesr minntes .
Number of Eu-croes i » _Ibsubd . —• The . total number of eleotora registered for counties , cities , and borcaehs in Ireland , on tbe l * t of February , 1849 . w &* . 108 . 139 , showing a decrease of 16 . 109 compared with the lst of _Ftbraary . 183 } . A Goon _Abswbb — What shall I do . ' said a liquor seller , to a temperance lecturer , 'if 1 quit selling rum ? ' 'Go into the peorhouse , ' laid the , ' leetnrer , ' and be supported there , and let the poor yoa have made paupers come out . ' Bzwabb ra » Tbuptatio ** —Several drapers of Liverpool have been fined £ 1 eaeh and costs for exposing goods at their shop doors , thereby tempting persona totbeft . A Spi . —The name of the policeman and quondam correspondent of the _Natios , who first proposed the escape of Mr Duffy , and then betrayed him . il Hutchinson .
Ttn _GovntntaNt and ran _Tutur-nut _Tsusya . — Itis stated that the government intend to deal with the general question of turnpike trusts in the next session of parliament , and are endeavouring to obtain information to enable them to _doao with effect . Murder , —A bailiff , named Donohne , who was left in charge of corn distrained for rent , was murdered on Tuesday , at Monj ? ert , county Limerick . Fbkatji _Dimocbats . —Demaoratie clubs of women nave been _established at Cologne aod _Breslau , for tbe _purpose bf _diseasing the condition of the workwomen of all kinds . _ExBisit Hah Fanatics . — Sir C . E . Bradley , Bart .. Mr Piumptre , and . a few more ofthe Exeter
Hall fanatics , are making preparations to convert the Pope and all his Italian subjects to Protestantism . Diaths from _Starvatioji . —A few days ago a poor man named Kiely died of hunger , on hia way to tno _Newcastle workhouse , Limerick . " A poor woman named Meehao fell dead on the steps of Jems-street Hospital , Dublin , into whieh she hid just before that been refused admission . Strbbt _Swsbpkrs —The street sweeping machine * have been abandoned in Manchester , and tbe old practice of cleansing the streets resorted to . No donbt owing to the quantity of Free Trade living machines on hand .
ExXBAORDINART DtSCOVBBT . — The Tessa St- » states that a _ttillioD mummies havo been _discovoMfl on the environs of Duranaogo , Mexico . They are ia Slitting portnre , but bare tbe aame wrappings , bands and ornaments as the Egyptians . A Youthful Pair . — Ths _Nos-ronc . _Chbobicob states , that a' Mra _Gilbert and a Mr Holmes residing near Ely , muster between them 212 years , the lady being 102 , the gentleman 110 , aad that both can wait a mile better tban a person half a _esntnry behind them .
How io Offbr a Rbwahd . —Ab Irish officer lost a parcel of silk _etockingBj and sent a _bsllman about to offer a reward for them , whioh waa ao small that ft friend observed he conld not expect to recover thea . 'Ah ! ' _eaya _^ Paddy , 'Ibave _adrevtiaed them u _wotated ones . ' A Lboal Poiw . —There is a report current that Mr Holmes , the eminent lawyer , haa stated thatthe government have not it in their power to transport for high treason , as the extreme penalty or pardon must be the result . : A Closer . —A country _snrgeon , who was bald , waa visiting at a friend ' s house , whose servant wore a wig ; After bantering him _aconsiderable time , the
dootor said , - * Yen see how bald I am , and jetl _donx wear a wig V To which the servant replied , ' True , Sir , but an empty bam requires no thatch , How KANT Poor Famiubs would it havb _Rs * _- > libvbd ? — Private letters , which talk of Irish famine , mention two and twenty guineas as the sun given for ab « in the Dablin theatre , at- one si Jenny Lind _' s performances _. Our lives are spent either in doing nothing at aH , or in doing nothing to the purpose , or in doing nothing that we ought to do . We are always complaining that our daya are few , and acting as though there would be no end of them . —Seneca .
What hbxt f—Mr Dent , the _eminentebronomotes raaker , has got the contract for making the great clock for the Victoria tower of thB Hoose of Parliament . Price £ 1 , 600 . It is to strike the hours oa a bell from ei «* ht to ten tons weight , chime the quirtars on eight bells , and show time on four ditto thirty feet in diameter .. ' ! " The Population of Sweden _ameonts tq about 3 , 500 , 000 B & nls , and has only three paupers in every 400 persons , while in Norway they reckon five out of every 100 ; in Denmark , 4 ; in Wortembnrg 5 ; in Switzerland , 10 ; in Italy , 13 ; in France , 15 ; ami inthe British _IslandB collectively , 17 ; although in _England separately there are only ten .
Rustic Eloqubnob . —A farmers labourer , speaking of the hard toil , the email pay , and consequent bad living of the men engaged in thrashing _alosf the winter , brought his description of their Buffer ings to a climax thus : — ' They work till the * - aro as thin aa hurdles , as weak as water , and < till they tremble like a leaf . ' Thi Butohbb and Mb Fox —When Mr Fox wai canvassing Westminster , he called on a butcher , ua St James ' s Market to _aelioit hia vote . The knight of the cleaver thus answered the candidate for his vote and interest . ' Sir , I admire your head , but damn vour heart ! ' To whioh Mr Fox replied , ' Sir , I admire your candour , but damn yonr manners V Importation of Potatobs . —The importation nf potatoes into England is of a _magoilnde qoite _aurpriaing . In two days there wero landed in London , from Belgium and Franoe _alose , upwards of three thousand tons ! This was independent of importations from other parts of Europe .
Irish Insolvents . —The Doblu _GaaBtiBf of Tuesday evening last , contains a list of 132 insolvents for the counties of Donegal , Tyrone , Entiskillen , _Queen ' s County , Kilkenny , Limerick , Tipperary * Waterford , and Wioklow _, of which no leSB _thanft are set down as 'farmers . ' Economical Hair Wash —Take one ounce of borax , half an ounce of camphor ; powder these ingre dients fine and dissolve them in one quart ot boiling « ater ; when cool the solution will be ready lor nse . Damp the hair frequently . This wash not oaly effectually cieanees and beautifies , bnt strengthens the hair and prevents early baldness .
Lend ub a Hundred . —Phil was inclined for s trip to the Springs , and called upon hia friend , ' Hal , my dear boy , I ' m off for the Capes , and I find this morning I am a trifle short—lend me a hundred , will you V Hal , after a pause , whiob apparently included a mental examination of hia financial arrangements : ' Well , Phil , to tell you the truth , ! do not feel disposed—at present—to make—any permanent investments . ' * - ' Important to Soitobs m thb Shall Dans Cobrt . —Mr Bullock , in a esse heard in the City of London Small _D'bts Court , a few days ago , held that a defendant was not bonnd to be in attendance wiles _aub [ coned to give evidenoe as a witness ; his honour was so strongly of opinion on thiB point , that ho refused to adjourn the case for an application to the court above .
Thb Wrok _6 Sow bv thb Ear . —An amusing incident occurred some time since at the City Clerk ' s Office , Boston . A stout Irishman came in at the eame time with an enormous d _*> g , and Baid to Mr _M'Cleary . who was at his desk , 'May it plate your honour , I wast a license . ' Mr M'Cleary quietly wrote ont the _lioensp , and handed it to tbe man . 'And how much am I te pay V 'Twodollars ! ' Two dollars ! ' A friend of mine ( tot one hero ody a day or two ago for fifty cents' ' It must be a mistake , ' replied Mr M'Cleary ; ' I have been here a great many years , and never issued a dogj license under tw _) dollars ! ' ' Dog ! ' cried the Irishman ; ' . ban ;* the doc *! I never saw the baste before , I want toget married !*
_Emiobatio-i io America . —Tha following is a statement ofthe number of emigrants whioh arrrived at New York in the present year , from January to Sep . tember _. inclusive :-From Ireland , 72 , 896 ; Germany , 40 731 : England , 17 . 223 ; Scotland , 4 , 974 ; Franoe , 2 . 007 ; Holland , 1371 ; Switserland , 1 , 248-, Norway , 1 , 206 ; Wales , 899 ; Weat Indies , 835 s Spain , 225 ; Italy , 241 ; Sweden , 113 ; Poland , « 8 ; Denmark , 33 ; Portugal , 35 ; South America , 21 ; Russia , 11 ; Mexico , 7 ; Belgium , i ; China , 1—Total , 143 , 642 . The above list _showa strikingly the supereminent miery of Ireland ; for emigration is * decisive teat of dissatisfaction and destitution .
Celtic Labour ahd a Colour tot ma . —The SoottiA Celt will , in all probability , finally become extinek I know not how it oan be otherwise . Grease and _sb-atp pay so mnoh better than Celtic labour , than non- _* t _> d-nt landlord would for a moment he-ntate whicktt o _^ oose . A colony of wild pigs upon any Highlaral estate , would ba a muoh more _p-riteM * i & _vtrtMef « han ft colony of Celtic men , —X > r _JBior ( Mtdim Tim . )
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 11, 1848, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_11111848/page/3/
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