On this page
- Adverts (5)
-
Text (8)
-
~- ¦ " _ ' *• * v ' ¦ - ¦ ' -V. v X- - '...
-
Unexpected Interview with hkr Majesty. —...
-
How seldom do we feel, ptrewve, or Ihink...
-
THE RATIONAL MODE OP PERMANENTLY AND PLA...
-
TI1E SANITARY QUESTION AS CONNECTED WITH...
-
The Court of Assizes ofthe Lsere tried a...
-
SMITI1F1ELD AND ITS ENVIRONS. The follow...
-
TUE TEN HOURS ACT. Manchester, Mosdat.—T...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
~- ¦ " _ ' *• * V ' ¦ - ¦ ' -V. V X- - '...
~ - ¦ _" _ ' *• * v ' ¦ - ¦ ' -V . _v X- - ' - w . . -, . , _-, \ x _\ ; M S _. 'RHE NORTHERN STAR . Janpaby 13 , 1849 . i ra TW
Ad00210
_^ m ——— = — , l .,, _* - ¦ ¦ 1- _^ r _.... - _. t A 34 EB _TttRoUStiOUT THE -VLOMI , _HOLLOWAl'S pills . A CASE OF _DRQPST . Extract of a L « tier from Mr William _Gardner , of Hanging _Hac _^ htoa , _Northamptonshire , dated September Uth , mi . To Professor Holloway . So , —1 before i-tformed yoa that my * frifo kadbeen tapped three Vunos for tke drops--, bnt b ; the blessing of God nyon yonr pills , and her perseverance in taking them , the waUr ha * n _«* r been kept off _elgktAen mentis by their _Aeans , which is a great mercy . ( Signed ) WlLLliK G 11 DME 8 .
Ad00211
THE BEST APERIENT ASD ANTIRILIOUS Medicine for General Use is Frampton ' s Pill of Hea'th . which _iffdctually relieves the stomach and bowels by gentle relaxation , without griping or prostration of Strength . They remove head-ache , sickness , dizziness , pains in the chest , & c , are _highly gTattful to trie stoxnacb , promote digestion , create appetite , relieve languor and _depression of _spirits ; while to those ofa full habit and free livers , who are continually 6 u _* Teriog from drow-Einess , hearinefis , and singing in the head and ears , they offer advantages that will not tail to be appreciated . This medicine has for many years received the approval ef the most respectable classes of _soeiety ; and in confirmation ofits efficacy , tbe _following letter has been kindly forwarded to Mr I ' rout , with permission to publish it , and if requisite , to refer auy respectable person to its author : — « To Mr Prout . 229 , Strand , London . * _Eeavitree , Exeter , April 24 , 1 S 14 .
Ad00212
UNDER ROYAL PATRONAGE . PERFECT FREEDOM FROM COUGH , Ja Ten Minntes aiter use , aad a rapid Cure of Asthma and Consumption , and ell Disorders ofthe Breath and Lungs , is insured by DR LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS . The truly _wonderful _pawers of thi * remedy have called forth testimonials from all ranks of society , ia all quarters ofthe world , The Mowing hare beea just re . ceived : —
Ad00213
T _« singers and public speakers they are _invalaabU , as iu _twe hours they remove all hoarseness aad Increase tae power and flexibility of the voice . They have a most pleasant taste . Price ls 1 jd ; 2 s 9 d ; and lis per box ; er sent by post for is Sd , 3 . , or lis 6 d _, by Da Silva _& , Co ., 1 , Bride-lM" ; , Fleet-street , London . « »* Sold by all Medicine Tenders . Bewabe of _lM'TATiO ! is .-TJnprineipled person * tonb . mists aud others ) prepare Counterfeits of tnat _Poplar _remed ,. Da Locock's _Polmohic Wafbbs . ' P _^ hasers aro therefore cautioned not to purchase any' P _«™ _o"'c Jl _^ lcine or 'Wafers' nuless the words DR LoCOCt S Wa-bks' appear in white Lett . rs on a Red Ground on the Government Stamp ouUide _•« _* Box ; Without which all are counterfeits and an Imposition .
Ad00214
TWENTY-FIFTH EDITION . I lustrated by Twenty-six Anatomical Engr « T > ng 8 on Steel . On Physical Di _*^< aK / ieatiOH-, _Generatine hxapacUy , cad Impediments tt _Ma—iaye . new and improved edition , enlarged to 196 pages , price 2 s . 6 a . ; by post , direct from the Establishment , 8 s . 6 a . lo postage stamps _.
Unexpected Interview With Hkr Majesty. —...
Unexpected Interview with hkr Majesty . —Among the many visitors to the late cattleshow in London was a Norfolk farmer , who on his retHrn home said , a ' ter I had been to the show , and carefully examined the different animals , and g iven ray meed of praise to their breeders and their feeders , I thought I would devote a spare hour to another exhibition iu tbe same neighbourhood—Madame Tussaud ' s celebrated waxwork . Accordingly I presented myself at the door , and paid my money . On _enuring I was surprised to find myself the only spectator . Undisturbed for gome time , I wandered about , looking with astonishment at the waxen effigies , habited in their gorgeous apparel . In a few minutes some ladies and children arrived , and
standing near to one of the former , I observed , * What ugly , _giim-looking people some of those kings and queens were . ' The lady smiled and answered I perfectly agree with you ; they are . ' My attention was soon arrested by hearing one of " the party , pointing to a figure , mention Lord Nelson , when proud of having been born in the same county with the illustrious sailoi , I could not help exclaiming . * Ah , he was from my neighbourhood ; ' upon which one of the ladies advancing , said to me , ' Then you are from Norfolk ; pray can you tell me anything about poor Mrs Jermy , in whose melancholv fate I
so deeply sympathise ? Have you any information different from what bas appeared in the public papers . " To which I replied , * No , madam ; for 1 bave been some days frora home . ' Scarcely had this conversation ended , when Madame Tussaud entered , and seeing me there asked me how I got in , and if 1 did not know she had forbidden the entrance of any one . I replied , I did not , but having paid my money had walked in as a matter of course . ' Judge of my surprise when she informed me I had had the honour of speaking to none other than the Queen .
Melancholy Shipwreck—We regret to say that letters have been received here with the melancholy intelligence that a large barque , said to belong to Dundee , has been driven ashore on tbe west coast of Sutherland , and that the entire " crew , with the solitary exception of the captain , have been drowned . The survivor is said to have swum for a considerable distance with his son upon his back , but was obliged to leave him to perish , and afterwards clung ( o a reef for fifteen hours , almost in a _ftnte of nudity . When found , he was almost dead . —John o ' Groat ' s Journal .
The Englishman , of Nov . 13 , gives an account of the loss of t e ship Helen , of Bombay , Capt . Biale , which , while on her way dowa the river , was totally lost at Culpee on the 12 th . The ship took a shear , which caused her to turn round with her head do * n the river on a spring ebb tide , with forty-five fathoms of chain out ; from this the vessel damaged her forefoot severely . The commander of the steamer Rattler d-d his utmost to save tbe crew . The following are the lives supposed to be lost : —Two female servants , the captain ' s wife , Mrs Biale , and two Lascars , The Helen is under 700 tens measurement ; she went away drawing nearly twenty-two feet water , and had on board a cargo of nearly double her tonnage . The Rattler went alongside , lo endeavour to take her again in tow , but she rolled so mHch that ' -he attempt was given up .
Calbfoakian Expedition . —A Calefornian expediiion has left Greenock , a number of ' navvies ' accompanying it , armed _« iih a due supply of spades _andsmelting-pots .
How Seldom Do We Feel, Ptrewve, Or Ihink...
How seldom do we feel , _ptrewve , or Ihink ofthe small ocg . Mungsni disease which surround and operate upon « Th ° p T _™ . ments and ' _"' _ercourse with theworldf Grow , * _S ease wMcB mu ! t 6 ub _« i « e a' leu-ftb , _length .- Sr ° Wtb- and ¦• " _«¦««*«¦¦ with our _c _A _on _[ _X _« _on _^ _i _g _m _l _a _0 _ti _'l _' u a a Particular kind of 2 _S -T' , oth of "t & nK to rest and _SSlf _^ Wn _«« 0 n , Wft T y th ™ " « " aHoii of intestinal as first a _rhhni f ; T ° " such we _•' _<••*¦ _' <* recommend assistantf ? _r i _' fBystem * » Bd * _ecMffl y . a . a powerful assistant for the recovery of health , and _e'lcaciou Family Medicine , _Fnmptol / d Pill of I _guMT which his procured the approbation oi persons in ei _^ _sSSontaj
The Rational Mode Op Permanently And Pla...
THE RATIONAL MODE OP PERMANENTLY AND PLACEABLY ADJUSTING THE PRESENT DISORDERED STATE OF EUROPE . Law 19 . — "That under institutions formed in accordance with the principles of the rational system of society , this superior knowledge and tbese superior dispositions may be given to the whole of tlie human race without chance of failure except in case of organic disease . "
REASONS FOR THIS LAW . The institutions of society contribute essentially to form the cbaracters of tbose placed under their influence . It is important therefore tbat they should be all devised to have a consistent and beneficial influence upon young and old ;—devised to give them superior knowledge and to create superior dispositions , not for a class , or sect or party only , but for all in every country . And when based on true princip les , that is , on principles in accordance with the laws of nature , tbey may be devised to have these beneficial influences only , and thus to ensure a continual progress in _knowledge , goodness and happiness in all not afflicted with organic disease . While under the new
circumstances , created under ire rational system , the chance of any being afflicted with organic disease would continually diminish and would rapidly decline through every succeeding generation , until all such defects will cease , and under the overwhelming influence of continued superior circumstances , die their natural death . And while this change shall be in progress , and until this happy period shall arrive , those afflicted with physical , mental or moral disease will be comfortably provided for , and well cared for , so far as their peculiar case will admit , to ensure them the happiness that can be given under their disease . The happiness of all , as far as practicable , being the foundation of all rational religion .
Law 20 . — "Thatin consequence of this superior knowledge , and these superior dispositions , the contemplation of nature will create in every mind feelings too high , sublime , and pure to be expressed in forms or words , for that Incomprehensible Power which acts in and through all nature , everlastingly composing , _decomposing and recomposing the elements of the universe , producing the endless variety of life , mind , and of organised form . "
REASONS FOR THIS LAW Man , during the irrational state in which alone he has hitherto existed , has imngined every kind of crude , absurd , inconsistent and contradictory notion respecting the Cause of Creation and its continuance in ever changing progression . And yet upon this subject be is no further advanced in knowled ge than were his early savage ancestors . He has also devised endless forms and ceremonies the most childish , uncouth , and fantastic , by which the votaries of each profess to intend to glorify , honour and please that Cause of which they have not Ihe slightest knowledge , and to which , by anv thing they can do , by all their utmost
efforts of budy and mind , they cannot effect a particle of good . And for man to imagine that a being like him , an insect upon a planet , itself less than a grain of sand compared with tbe universe , could glorify tbe origin of nature by any of his insect proceedings , is the most irrational and absurd of all irrational conceptions . But in this senseless course has man , even until now , wasted his faculties and substance on fancies entirel y imaginary , and thus has he been made , by the priesthood of the world , an insane mental coward , afraid to look at or investigate facts of the last importance for him to fully understand , because essential to his own permanent happiness and to that of his race .
By a rational education from birth , -superior knowledge , and superior dispositions will be ensured to everyone , and these will create in all , when they contemplate nature , feelings too hig h and too pure to be expressed in forms or words , for that Incomprehensible Power which acts in and through all nature;—a power which , to our conception , is everlastingly composing new forms of existence :
decomposing them , and recomposing others to supply their _places . And thus the elements ofthe universe , by internal laws of attraction and repulsion eternally unite and . separate , creating new forms , which exist for a longer or shorter period , and then returning to their original state are re-formed into new compounds , the object of which changes are yet beyond human knowledge . _^ . _^^—— .
These elements of nature , so far as facts have been discovered , appear to be the eternal elements ofthe Universe , out of which by their o * n internal unchanging laws all things are made to exist , and their varied combinations produce the endless changes of life , mind , and of organised form , What future facts may disclose respecting these , to us , wondrous _powers of nature , no man can foresee or foretell ; but the excited and agitated state of the oivilieed world indicate the probability that the human race is about to enter the confines of rationality , and terminate the irrational state in which it has hitherto existed .
Law 21 . —" " That the practice or worship of the rational religion will therefore consist in promoting , to the utmost extent of our power , the well-being and happiness of every man , woman , and child , without regard to class , sex , party , country , or colour ; and in those _inexpressible feelings of admiration and delight which will arise in all , when made to become intelligent , rational , and happy , by being surrounded from " birth by superior circumstances only . "
REASONS FOR THIS LAW . Men have been hitherto so trained from their birth , in falsehood , mysteries , and all manner of irrational conceptions , whims , and fancies , which they have called religion , that , at first , they will have difficulty in understanding what true or rational _religion is . They do not know yet that religion is to do good ; and that to do the greatest amount of good to the human race , regardless of all petty and local distinctions created by ignorant and prejudiced men , is the very essence of all that is valuable in the only religion that can be true . All else called religion in any part of the world is rank insanity , and proves only the extent to which fundamental errors can
irrationalise the human faculties . How glorious will be that period when none of these insane doctrines of mystery shall be forced into the young mind under the name of religion , and when the new human existence shall be gradually filled from birth with a knowledge of facts only , self-evident deductions from those facts , and with ideas all in harmony with each other and with all nature ! That period is approaching , and , from all the signs of the times , its commencement is near . Falsehood can no longer stand the test of plain , simple , straightforward truth ; the power of brute force , aided by fraud , is gradually
diminishing , and moral force is gradually superseding it , and when moral power shall be based solely on truth , well-designed and consistent in all its parts , then will moral power govern the world , and truth will be for ever triumphant . Then will the insane divisions , now so injurious to all , of every class , sect , sex , party , country , and colour , cease to exist ; man will have charity for man over the world , and there will arise one evident interest between all , that will induce them to become , as they are in reality , one famil y , and to have one Ian guage and one feeling that will ardently desire the excellence and happiness of all .
j The immediate object ofthe rational religion is to create this feeling , and its ultimate result to secure the permanent happiness of the human race . But it is now known , with the certainty of a law of natures that this glorious _chan-re can be effected by no other means than by _^ a new Creation and combination of superior circumstance ? , to educate and govern man and to enable him in the best manner to create and distribute wealth abundantly , for all and far ever .
The Rational Mode Op Permanently And Pla...
Of this new combination , which may be made most simple and easy of execution by experienced practical men , all parties appear to be without knowledge , and for the moment arising from their ignorant prejudices , unwilling to give the attention requisite to enable them to understand their highest permanent good . Yet , as nf themselves they can think only as they have been taught , and of themselves can do no good thing , they cannot be blamed . But those who have been so favoured by some new
combination of circumstances not of their own creation , as to have discovered these all-important truths , and the standard by which to ascertain truth from falsehood , are called upon to discover and make known the means by which mankind sball be induced to abandon falsehood , and to adhere to , and love truth for its own sake , and be enabled to perceive the incalculable difference to all , when surrounded by vicious , injurious , inferior circumstances , and those onlv which are superior from the birth to the death of each , and through the whole business of the life of everv one .
Finally , the rational religion will enable and induce man to create those circumstances only which will produce GOOD to all . while the spurious and false religions of the world , hitherto , have trained all to be imbecile in mind , and to create those circumstances only which produce EVIL to all . This is the change now coming npon the world—man has hitherto existed under irrational und evil circumstances ; he is about to emerge into those only which are rational and good . Robert Owen .
Ti1e Sanitary Question As Connected With...
TI 1 E SANITARY QUESTION AS _CONNECTED WITH EPIDEMIC CHOLERA . A highly inferesting and useful address on the sanitary qaestion , _especially as ii ia connected with _tpidemic cholera , was delivered a few days ago by Mr Gnn ' _riger to a crowded audience in the lecture-hall of St Thomas ' s Hospital . Mr Grainger commenced his address by observing tbat the sanitary question was one of the most important that could popRibly attract the attention cf those who were devoted to the cultivation of medical science . It must bs apparent tn all who bad watched the _progreaa of lata iiquiries , * , that tha grtat _questioi _. _s which concerned the welfare of the human family aa to health and life ivere to be sought fer in the way of prevention rather than of cure ; and the experience of the past justified kim in asserting that
this was oce of the great _niitrciono of medical science , inasmuch as it wa" found that the ravages of the disesses which bad _nffl' . cted mankind had not been oured —had not been stayed by cure , but by prevention . It was quite certain , from watching the pregre . 'B of human civilisation ia the western parts ef the world , that the great diseases which destroyed mankind had been stopped by civilisation , not by medical science ; that was to say , in an enlarged expression ofthe ci rm , diseases the moat destructive had been met by civilisation ratber than by medical means . In illustration of this , it web only necessary to mention the _plaguy which waa formerly tho chit ! pestilence of our own , as of other countries . Tbe plague was as virulent and destructive , and _difiL-uh of
management , atthe present day , aa it was when described by Sydenham . How was it , then , that this country was exempt from it now ? The credit for tbis exemption could not be oitthned by medicine or by medical science ; and it must , he thought , he _confessed that that _destiu'tive disease had been arrested by the _Uf-neral progress of _enlightenment in the western uati itiF , by the better construction af cities ; by more cleanly habit ? , not only amongst the poor , but ihe rich ; and , in lact , by the appliance of all those means which we comprehend in the term ' sanitary measures . ' He would take , as sn illustration of the benefit of sanitary inquiries , some ot the _circumgtances whioh were connected with fever . Was fever a oontagioua disease , dependent , therefore , on human
being * meeting tegether in the intercourse of human society ? Was it a disease generated in the human body and capable of feeing propagated through the ordinary intercourse of life , or did it depend upon some external circumstances _operating on men , but independent of them ? This question of disease being either contagious , or _dependent upon _external circumstance ? , lay at the very botton of all Banitary _improvements , because it wis certain from all experience , that if destructive diseases were contagious and propagated through human b dies , they could never bs eradicated ; for ihey could not put a step to human intercourse . The attempt had been made again and again , and had _invariably failed . Quarantines , cordons sanitaires every possible method of
that nature fyr preventing or interrupting human intercour . e add the spread of disease , had constantly been met with disappointment . The consequence jya _* . that although theso measures were occasionally _applied at the present day , they had beon abandoned almost by oommon consent , by every government in this part of the world . If it c _^ uld bis proved tha ' fevers and cholera were not _contagious and tbat they _depended upon externs ! circumstances , there was a morn hopeful field open ; that _vsas to Bay , if it could be determined what were the cause and ciroumstances whioh were neoess . _iry to the introduction or the _propuaation of these diseases—if they oould be recognised —if they were external , then they might be control _' ed . Whether fever was or was not a contagious
disease , one thing waa granted by all medical men , that it particularly thrived and flourished in certain districts arid localities ; and without at this moment going into the ultimate question whether fever waa or was not _coEUtuous , it wbb an important thing for all great communities of men to know tbat they had in their own hands the means of staying the progress of fever , whatever might be its cause . It was _invariably found with reference is fever—more particularly the continued fever of this country aud the typhoid types of fever—that it prevailed most in those iistricts which combined the greatest amount of badly constructed houses , bad drainage , over crowding and filth ; and that precisely in proportion as theBe causes were removed the curse
of fever was checked and diminished . It bad been found , _without an exception , that wherever sanitary measures were introduced , tyohus fever , continued fever , and scarlet fever diminished . In proportion as a district wis drained and _oleansed would typhus fever and continued fever diminish . The ratio hsd been well calculated . So sooa as any part of a town , oourt , or even a house in a _town , was cleansed the fever would begin to diminish . Thus tbey held a power over _disease by the application of sanitary measure * . The opinions of writers , and particularly of _pbysioians , upon the subjeot were ruled greatly by what they had learned when students in the great medical hospitals where they had been educated . They had bees accustomed to see typhus fever in the
_hospi'a _' _s , and hsd witnessed nurses , students , and physicians attacked by it . But it should be recollected that those nurses , student * , and p hysicians had been immersed , aa it were , in the disease , in the very atmosphere which was the cause of typhus fever , anl exposed to the pestilential exhalations of tha discharges of typhus patients , which were known to bo very off -naive . But supposing the fever patients had not b « 11 placed in those homitals—guoposing they had bten carried to an isolated spot , a hill dis trict , for instance , and assistance given te them there , then they would ba able to see whether the physicians , students , and nurses in attendance upon them in a pure atmosphere would be actually affected by contagion . That experiment had , however , yet
to be performed . lie had consulted a vast number of eminent physicians in England , and he had been unable to find one who believed in infection or contagion in ty phu 3 fever . His own conviction was that there was no proof whatever of continued or typhus fever being , in any oircumstances , _contagious . Typhus fever , scarlatina , aud cholera were not produced by two causes , for they never saw in rmtare the same specific result produced by two _different causes . Seeing , then , that in proportion as sanitary measures were carried out in towns , streets , and houses , fever diminished , bo he believed , if sanitary measures were universally introduced and completed , we should hear _Uttla of such a thing aa typhus fever . In oonsequenct of the filth and over crowding of
human beings into habitations which were unfit for tbe residence of man , in the most unhealthy districts of England , it appeared , that of 100 000 _pereona born 50 GOO would die under the age ot five years . Those districts were Liverpool and _Manchester . Naw , this question of disease did not touch that of food . It wis eertain that the inhabitants of Manchester and Liverpoo ) , taking thera by thousands , consumed a _larger portion of animal food , and were better warmed than the people living in the oountry . It wa 3 not a question of food , then . It was something especially relating to the aggregations of men- { It was not poverty . And the same thing would be apparent in regard to eholera . Turn to one sf the _hea'fchiest counties in England , Surrey ; and whea they _asw that
of 100 , Q 00 persons born in that county , only 20 , 000 would die at the age of five , was there not great cause for inquiry presented in thia fact ? Whereas one half or more of those who were born in the _pestilential centres cf our manufactures perished under the age of five , and only _onc-fifth died in an agricultural district ; was it not enough to stir up all the mental powers that could influence and direct human sooiety ? Tlie _tables from which ho had cited this told eome very terrible things . It bad been found , for instance , with reference to Liverpool , that the average at which the gentry died was forty-three yeare , or it was four or five years ago ; and that among the mechanics and operatives the average age at whioh they died wan fifteen , sixteen , or seventeen years ; the operative lost , therefore , twenty-eight years of human existence . Was that a state of things
Ti1e Sanitary Question As Connected With...
that oould be satisfactory in an enlightened community , and iu & Ghristiau laad ? Then it was to ba observed that in those very distriota where the greatest amount ef mortality prevailed , the human race had _mostinoreased-a thing that was most unexpected . It had been proved by the very mathematics of oiviliMdflOciety , _Btatistics , that where the average age at death was low , tbe increase of population waa great , a result _which oould not have been foreseen but by faots tbat were not to ba controverted . In those districts where , in const quenoo of habits of
recklessness and indifference to all tha * constitutes the greatness of human nature , and the ara hy engendered by sickness , _sufferin- * , and want , it was found that human life was so muoh _curtailed us to individuals , it increased ns to the species . If" therefore , they would _diaitiMi the amouat of ' mortalitv tbey would diminish that ic crease of population which to some persons _nresented eo fearful an aspect in tha hi-tory of our timeB . but which _nsed not present that aspect if men would rightly understand the appliances under tbeir control , because they knew that the land ol
thia _cooetry might be made capable of producing a _quadruple or quintuple the amount of food necessary for ita present inhabitants , and that by tbe application of science . He would proceed in the next place ? 0 make a few observations with reference to the disease whioh at present ( showed ittelf fearfully in some parts of the country , lightly as ii mi _^ ht be _supposed in others , bat significantly In all . There had come forth from the east a disease which seemed at first to obey no recognised or known laws , capricious to appearance in its visitations , presenting ex _ceptions which could not then bo _explained , and yet , when viewed , not in its exceptional points , but upon the basis of facts and statistics , came directly within
known laws of dieea * . _et—nay , obeyed especially tho laws of that disease with which wu were so well ac _quaiated—namely , fever . It _fullowed the same habitat , attacked tne same classes , and affected the same nee Out of 23 . 000 persons attacked by cholera in St _Petersburg , 17 , 000 were between the ages of eighteen and forty . That he mentioned upon tbe authority of his esteemed friend Dr Southwood Smith , and it showed that the disease affected the most valuable members of society , and that , to use the wo'ds of that admirable p _hilanthropist of all taxes _rtatsff . ot the country , the heaiwrt is the fever Ux' This disease did , however obey certain _definite lawsand one of the most important facts
, _aith reference to it had been deterwiced by the Metropolitan Sanitary Commissioners—namely , that the seat of fever was _theseat of cholera . It obeyed many of the known laws of _eptdamics , though there were exceptional cases ; and the rational _wirac for eTery medioal man to pursue , was first of all to ascertain what was the great indication of its multitudinous attacks , and then take the excep _t ional e ° _s & s , one by one , and examine thsm by themselves . If » n opinion were of value , he might mention that one of the best writers on the . _'uhjeet , Dr Rhomber _** , pro . fessor of clinical medioine , had stated to bim ( Mr _ftrainger ) that the cholera obeyed the laws of epidemic , and not of contagious dissases . The town ot
Frankfort _on-the-Maine bad bad a remarkable exemption from oholera _thouj-h it might besaid to have been completely encircled by it , and id constant intercourse with the cholera distrusts . So with tbs kingdom of Hanover ; the only plac * there which had been visited by cholera was the town of _Lutein bur * ; and it had been attacked in 1832 , in 1834 , in 183 ? , and now again in 1848 . Lunenburg was situ ated on the railway—it had a station , and was irconstant intercourse with the country around ; ye > this plaee waa seised especially , and the disease had pot extended beyond it ! This indicated an epidemic disease , epidemio in that place ; bin nothing like contation . Again , one side of a street had been visited by oholera . whilst the other side was ex
empted , ADd at _Gluokstadt , on the Elbe , it had b « ea known to visit the same room at successive periods , whilst all the other houses in the _neighbourhood escaped . In almost every locality visited by the cholera—though there were _exceptions , but a multitude of cases led to the same conclusion—there were stagnant and pestilential ditches in the neigh baurhood . It was entirely a _question of locality , and the distriota it ravaged wero foul , illcleansed , exhaling pestilential vapours into the air , noxious to tho smell acd disgusting to the Bight , and overcrowded with human beings Thfy had probably been startled by the returns of cholera cases at Glasgow . But why was Glasgow thus specially attacked ? First of all , clearly on ao-0 mnt of the habite of the people ; for he believed
there was more dram-drinking practised in that town tban , perhaps , in any other town in Europe . Further it had aa enormously _overcrowded and miserable population . For several years past there had been brought into the wretched parts of Glasgow , already surcharged with inhabitants , about 10 . 0 CO unfortunate Irish , and that without an additional house or reom having been built for their reception . These were facts which thould ting frora on « end of the land to the other ; these were facts which ought to be preached from every pulpit ; so that the condition of the poor might be everywhere made known ; for what else could happen but moral _degradation rtli _gioua desecration , and physical * uffariDg , in thc midst of such a community as this ? It had been found
that tbe rich could not escape the penalty , that a great number of the highest ranks in Glasgow had fallen victims to thedisease ; that the best squares in the city had been visited by it , and Glasgow was now like ' the City of the Plague . ' It was a striking fact , as stunting the beneficial results of eanitary improvements , that the great fire at Hamburgh destroyed the meat , unhealthy part of the town-that in which eholera and fever had previously made the greatest ravages ; but the new buildings had been _constructed on sanitary principles , and tbe result _was that the epidemic of 1848 had scarcely made any advances in the newly-built _portion of the city . In fact ninetenths of the cholera had been _eradicated from that
part of Hamburgh . Mr Grainger then described what are most generally the premonitory symptoms of Cho ' era , enumerating among these , _diarrrwi , great anxiety , restless sleep , incubus , and uneasy sensations about the legs indicating cramp . When a communi'y was about to be attacked , it was inva riably found that there waa a great outbreak and an immense disturbance in the alimentary canals , an uaeasine _s and rumbling of tbe bowels , sometimes diarrl * e _* . and sometimes costivecess . When a whole population was _seized with diarrbssi , it was certainly dependant upon the eame causes as cholera , and it must be considered pathologically as cholera . There was no doubt that the whole of Europe was at _tSis
moment under the influence of the cause of cholera , whatever that might be . The premonitory symptoms be had mentioned were the curable Btage of the disease ; but there was no cure for it when it got to it - _osmplete Btate—that of collapse . The _bset results which had been attained by the German pathologists , particularly those of Berlin , was that the first attack or influence in cholera was upon the blood ; that the first impression was aerial , acting upon the blood , and thus the blood became poisoned . _Piofeaaor Simon had atated that there was a great
want of bile ; but he ( Mr Graiheer ) had in his pos - session a gall bladder which was quite distended with gall , so that that could not be ihe case . lie moat _, earnestly hoped , then , that the attention of the pathologists would be direoted to the great question of prevention rather than of cure , and particularly to the enlightment of the public mind upon the subject ; for it must ba confessed that there was at present a lamentable amount of ignorance prevailing amongst all classes respecting it . At this moment it waa a fixed belief of the Irish in Scotland that the
medical men of Glasgow wero banded together to got rid of them by poison . They even refused to go iato the hospitals , because they said they wora to be taken tbere to be _poisoned . And now , when the munifieent hand of charity was extended to them , and sixty medical men had been appointed , at _lan-e salaries , to search out thedisease and treat it on the spot , these benighted beings eomplamed ' because wo would not go in _' o the hospital to be poisoned , they have sent these medical men to poison u _» in our own houses . ' There were great duties which it was incumbent upon the rich that they should performbb
, they would answer for it at the judgment day ; and the time had now arrived when they must _notBhrick from those duties , remembering that ; their wealth waa _entraated to them as stewards of God ' a mercy . And be congiatulated all who were interested in the great question of sanitary reform , that upwards of ninety towns in England had spontaneously requested th » t the provisions of the general act for improving the sanitary condition of the country should b _9 _appliedtothem—acirc-im 8 tanc 8 which , of itself he conceived to be rich with future promise . ( Mr Grainger tben concluded his lecture amidst unani . _mousapplauBe . )
The Court Of Assizes Ofthe Lsere Tried A...
The Court of Assizes ofthe _Lsere tried a few _davs ago a mm named _Roughest , livbeat Colombier , or tbe murder of his wife On the 2 G . b of February laat they left home for Lyons , and since that time nothing whatever ha 3 been _aeen of the woman , nor has any trace of her having actually been murdered been discovered . But the prisoner could or woSd not give any _accouutat alias to what had been ™ of her , and all the statements ho did make _Tre _Ktii V _^ li * - 1 Th _* _^ _ordingfy _decS _& „ 'i _^ _Wlth « tei \ nat , nB _' _-tcumstances , and the _"asrc _? to 20 yesr 8 ' hard iabor at the
Smiti1f1eld And Its Environs. The Follow...
SMITI 1 F 1 ELD AND ITS ENVIRONS . The following interesting document has been plaoed in our hands , written by one of the inhabitants of Greenhill ' a Rents , near Smithfield ; anc as it throws * some light upon the state of the slaughterhouses in the neighbourhood of Smithfield , and their awfully filthy condition , it shall be given verbatim et literatim ¦ — TO THB _QENTLBMEN COMStlSSIONEBS Of THE BOAED Of ?
HEALTH , « , tbe _respectful Inhabitants of _Greenbili ' _s Rents , ' Smithfield Burg , bave taken iho liberty of applying to Yju , and humbly beg for yoor kind Assistance In Our behalf—Of which la In respect of the dreadful Nuisance-Of tbe shucking Stench that Arieei from the Slaughter Houseiand _Saeds where ihey keep A great q iantit- of Cutle of All D . _'ocriptlons . Those Shid * and Premises are held by Mr P » rl _« of the Ram Inn , Smithfield . An 4 tbey are situated at the B _» ck part of t _** e Ram Inn Yard , Of which is withia A Very _Siort distance from Out House * . < J 3 _ntIernen . On the Level with our Kitchens ie where tbey ke . p a Quantify of Pu'locks , And level _witft the Parlours they keep a Q _tantlty of Pigs is Calves , And Level with our Fir «( floor _thi-y keep a Quantity of Sheep . And the Distance of tbese Sheds to tho B _* ck of Same of Our _Heuses thoy are within Six Inches O' eaeb _eiher—hai Underneath all of tbese sheds there is _ _large Cavity , of which they _Slaughter a QiantUy of Pigs , Both ou Sundays as well As Oher Days . And what
with the Foundation of Our Houses being De « cayed By the Rata burrowing ; between , Aal the Drcadfal St « nch tb & t arises from Those Sheds and _Slaughter house * , Together fr _«> m . tha Noise from the C _tUic , We Cannot keep our Ap . rtments lot _Ionjr Together . For Our Lodgers Ccmpialn and tell us that tbey csnnofc Sleep for tbe Noise Of tbe _Blasts . And _likewise tha Shocking Stench that Arises from tbose sheds and Premises , tbe D ctor Says It is Enough to Cause a Fever . Gentlemen , in tbe next [ dace , there is at thn Back part of the Third House from the Corner of Greenhill ' a It ats , A Very lar _^ e Slaughter bouse , where thiy Kilt a great quantity Of Bullocks , And th ? _Qiantlty of Blood ond Filth That the _» _Wouh down Ihe Drain it mm Into ihe Water _Ctosote btlonging to the Inhabitants of the _Adjuising Houses tf Greenhlll ' s _R-nta _, And caused such a drcadfal Stench that we are Obligated to Hare onr Street Doors And Windows Op ' . n before we can get any , ' & o , , be , ' This paper has fourteen signatures attached to It .
' Well m * . y the ponr _conplalo _, and gladly avail them « selves of an opportunity of making their sorrows known . ' Tbia artless , but faithful picture of tho horrors wa would fain see banished from our city , t lis , with pain * fat _tru'b , wh * it a more clastic _compennR' . ion wonld fail _adequately to describe . The bullocks on a level wltb and _« ithin six inches of the kitchens ; tbe parlours In . vMei by the calves and p _' _gs ; and the bed-rooms lac vadelb ; sheep , and all this piled upon a filthy under * ground pig slaughter-house . No wonder the poor lodgers should refuse to live in _suc > i a p _* st-bou * e , or that the filth and stench should be deomed by the medical men as likely to produce f . ver . '— ( From John Bull's Patu phltt on the Horrors of _Smiihjie'd )
Tue Ten Hours Act. Manchester, Mosdat.—T...
TUE TEN HOURS ACT . Manchester , Mosdat . —The recent adverse _dfr cision of the magistrates of this district-, in reference lo the working of relays , and the general adoption of that system by the masters , has caused the factory hands of tbis city to take measures to protect tha Factory Acts , On Saturday night a meeting of up _« wards of seventy delegates from the several mills was held ai the Woodman ' s Hut Tavern , Great An * -oats . Mr Charles Hindley , M . P . for Ashton , attended the meeting . The chair was occupied by Mr Duv , an operative *' who brifcllf stated the _oljects of the meeting , and then called upon Mr Hindley to address the dele * gates . Mr Chabi . es IIindlet , MP ., then came forward . '
and observed that it was exceedingly desirable that ? they Ehould have a distinct notion of what they wera about . The history of the Factory Act , was known to them ail . They Bhould mt di-guise from them * selves that thev had a strong _conviction that the passing of the Tun _H-rars Aet would have thetffecfc of preventing the un willing toil ofa great many mala adults . At the Bame time he was not prepared to ex * pect it would have been possible to secure such an amount of adult male _labour as _tow-rk more thaa ten hoars per day . But , wbat was the result ? They had a great many adult males employed fourteen hours and fifteen hours per day . ( Hear , hoar . ) Against this the act afforded no protection ; and ha
candidly admitted that , if either Lord Ashley , Mb Fielding , or himself were to go to the House ot CommoDB , and ask it to pass an act to protect adult males in factories , he would be laughed at . He should be told it was an invasion of the right ftf an Englishman t <\ prevent a man from working as Jong ; as he pleased * Under the prosperous circumstances in which trads waa likely to be , this practice would very probably extend to a greater degree than at present . ( Hear , hear . ) He told them , with pain and anxiety , he was afraid , as fara 3 a few masters were concerned , i £ the factory hands did not take steps for their own protection , that the net , instead of being an advantage would entail more labour upon them than ever ther
had before . ( Hear , hear ) For if those decisions which had recently taken place in the magisterial courts .-. llowinf * . the relays 11 females and young persons were to be _considtred a true interpretation o £ the law , the adnlt maleB would have to work the whole time of the relays . ( Hi ar , hear . ) Therefore , if it waa allowed ti begin with adult females and young persons at half-past five o'clock in the _n-ornipp , the adult males must be there , and when the * closed at _half-pai-t eight in tho evening with the second relay , the adult males should be there alsoperhaps , even until nine o ' clock—for they did no 6 suppose that it was the intention of the masters to employ relays of adult males . ( Hear , hear , ) Tuifl
was not at all necessary for their purposes ; but what tbey intended was to get the adult males to work the whole of the time , and to make their labour effestive by joining it to the relay system . ( IIev » l The question now divided itself into two parts : the first was , the obs ? _mnoo of the law itself , whieh waa in many instances most fhgrantlv violated ; and _Becindly , the qaestion was , whether the adult males should not take a position for themselves , and asoer _* . tarn whether by common consent they could not form a _un-on which Bhould determine that the adult malea of Manchester and its vicinity would not work more than ten hours a day . ( Applause . ) He ( Mr Hindt I u great ma J ° rity ° * the masters * though they might be anxious to make
the most of tbeir capital , were not un willing t ) work tea hours ft day , provided that they knew that their competitors in business were compelled to do the _same—( hear hear)—but let him put it to them , a * Englishmen ! whether it was right to force one mater to work tea h 8 _urs a aay , and to leave another master to work fifteen hours a day ? ( Cries of ' No , no . ') If one master was cot upon the aame footing with another _, it was impossible for him to maintain his ground ( Hear , hear . ) Ofthe two masters which wmld they wish to see maintain his ground-the humane master , willing to work ten hours a day , or the master who . trampling on all the righte and feelings of humanity , was _determined to Bcrew out of flash and blood the last
penny ? ( Cries of * The ten hiura mister . ' ) He ( Mr Hindley ) wanted thi ' to support those masters , to say- tothe world that whateverwas done for one should be done lor all . ( Hear , bear . ) Why not be just to Mr A . as well as to Mr B t-and if Mr B . was to work fifteen hours , then every other master , n _Marches er should work fifteen hours also . ( Hear , hear . ) Let hem say this under the direction of men with authority and i _„ fl -ence , and they would not say , t » va , „ . ( Hear , hear . ) As far as he ( Mt Hindley ) could ascertain , there was a universal fcSf _inginlavour of the Ton _Uours 8 y 8 ; em TlXrVS \ _ori : tit _« l ™ th 9 a _- 8 UraUC * _^ tbi whV _^ S present that the operatives ef Manchester and its vicinity were in favour ot ten hours day
a . Mr Johkson then read the subjoined ' resolution _, agreed te at a meeting of deleg . _ites from tbTvHS _millo in Manchester and Salford :- « Th at we , tha operative cotton _spiuuersof Manchester , _Saltord and their vicinities , in Ecner-4 meeting assembled Jo hereby _declare our approval ofthe _prinoipTesof the Ten Hours Act , and eur unalterable determination _CE iSSS ? w unfil fluch *—* SS Mr Hisdlby —If thia was the feeling ofthe crest body of the people of Manchester , it » £ , right Sat that feeling should be carried into _effact ; and if hi were convincedI that the great mass of the people were sn _riwidcd \ - in fn „„„ - _ t n .. m _-.- _* _v _f _w _l" «» were so _detidedlin favour of tho _t
y Ten Ho „™ a- _* he would not be afraid to say that at the end of tea hours evsrj man should button bia ooat and walk on ? of the mil . ( _Chiers ) This n _JJinn _. i , Tj ?' taken up by the _middleilasTei 5 ? _SSa-S o _?&*& ment being altered they were _compelled _tZiriSfe those whom overwork bad rand *™* * m . « _ki- * port themselves . ( Hear !) At 7 «« pS _? i _* i _I _^ B _T _^ _£ mW
wmia ' . iOH of factory ioS _wlL ™ , . ' ° "i lha Ten [ lour , AM . A IfZVliL l ,. _" , _' _*"'"" ¥ aothori . bg tho commil l _/« f !;! i , . _«< opai . » 4 , _O-Z _^ Smmt _rnm -S _^ ' ~ _~
-
-
Citation
-
Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 13, 1849, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_13011849/page/2/
-