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ODD FELLOWSHIP
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THE C0M)UC3? OP -f 2J5 BOARD OF DIRECTOR...
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AND MTIOKAL TRADES' JOtWAL, =*"—^" ' U ¦...
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GERMANY. . Agitation is on the increase ...
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THE TEN HOURS BILL. MANCHESTEB, WEDHESDA...
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(tofo{£r $tob*mentsi.
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THE OPERATIVE COTTON-SPIXKBllS AND SELFA...
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Chard Tailors, Somersetshire.—On Tuesday...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Odd Fellowship
ODD FELLOWSHIP
The C0m)Uc3? Op -F 2j5 Board Of Director...
THE C 0 M ) UC 3 ? OP -f _2 J 5 BOARD OF DIRECTORS EXAMINES , _SEGESSITT OP TBE _INSTITUTIONBEING PLACED 02 f A FIRM AND _EftUITABlfi BASIS . ' Below will be found a letter from Mr . Wm . _RaicuraE , i 3 i 8 Corresponding ; Secretary of the Manchester "Unify of Odd Fellows , in reply to some strictures on lis conduct that hate appeared in the pages oi
thisjoumal . That letter we most freely insert . Had Mr . Eatcliffe written sooner , he would have found the asms -readiness . As sooa as his conduct was animadrerted on In our pages , that moment were _ikey open to both _, bin and his friends to set himself right . "We state this at the outset of these _remarka ; _because Mr . Ashdown , in a letter of his we inserted the other week , told a story of some paper charging three _gvxmaz for the insertion of a letter from Mr . _Ratcuefb , denying certain allegations it lad circulated respecting him . Mr . Ashdows did not state what paper it was that had acted in so
scoundrelly a manner ; and we wish it to be tinderstood that such is not our mode of dealing with the parties public duty brings ns in collision with . We also beg to assure Mr . _Raicuffe that , to secure insertion for his letter , it was not necessary for him to order "forty copies of the paper . " -If we had imagined that he did this with any such view , we should hare declined the letter altogether : but as Mr . _Raicliffe truly states , " a great portion of the members of the Manchester Unity are subscribers to fhe Star" : and as it is likel y that he wishes his statement to hare a more extended circulation than out usual one . will give him , we send him the
papers , accompanying Aw statement with these observations : so that those friends he may send to will not only learn his -views to some extent , hut ours also . Of our own knowledge we are able to say that for years it has been a matter o f dissatisfaction and contest in the Manchester Unity of Odd Fellows—the _MONOPOLY of power and Influence and patronage which the members of the Manchester District claimed , and which , by one means and another , tbey -contrived to exercise . Out of the members of that
district alone were all the head officers ofthe society chosen . . None else could be appointed . All the patronage Vias also confined io Manchester ; and ihere is more than reason to believe that favouritism and even worse , in the giving and executing of * ' orders for goods , " prevailed . We know that there were several " set" attempts to break into this state of things , by sending deputies in considerable numbers from other districts to the A . M . C . All this we are fiee to admit ; and to admit likewise that it is possible , nay eren probable , that considerable soremess will be felt by those who were disturbed by the change which opened the Directory to other districts ;
and if Sir . _Katcuffjs was instrumental in bringing about that change , or in looking sharp after the " suppliers of goods , " who had before time been allowed to send in any sort of trash , there is little _doubtbutlhatJie would become an dbjectof "friendship iove , and truth , " to the parties removed from the _Louey-pot . All this we freely grant to Mr . Ratcuffe ; tut still ic does not explain , nor meet , nor settle , tin real questions at issue . It is -very well for Mr . RnciJFFE to show that he has given cause for mortal offence to corrupt tradesmen and intriguing officials ; it isall well , too , for Mr . Ratcuffe to try to carry the war into the enemy ' s camp , and put his supposed
assailants on their defence for what TIIEY did when they had power ; this game is all very well in its way , and when adroitly managed by a clever man , often diverts attention from the real matter of dispute , and sets inquiry on a false scent . Wc say this sort of game is all very well : but it does not satisfy US ! . We do not sec in it any justification _f-jrthe "suspensions" of the Huddersfieid , the Manchester , the Liverpool , and the Eccles districts . We do not see in it any justification of the alleged fact that £ 36 , 55 i have gone into the pockets of men belonging the Order , during the last seven years , who have been at once DIRECTORS and tradesmen , nor do we see in
it any justification of the principle that would allow * of such a proceeding in any society . We do not see in it any justification of the present system of representation in the Order , which , places it in the power of the Executive to pack the A . M . C . with _ifs creatures ; and thus secure the introduction and rejection of such measures as it may have _pre-detormined on , under the guise of popular consent and popular contrail . Wc do not see , we say , in the course Mr . Ratcuffe has taken in his letter any justi fcation for these things : and THESE are to our minds the matters that concern the Odd Fellows at large ; at all events more than whether Mr . Ratcliffe has been evilly-spoken of by parties whom he has afumfleA . To those matters wc intend to devote a
few observations . First as to the suspensions . This is a question of mighty import . If the Directors of the Odd Fellows ' Institution have the power , of their own will and accord , lo " suspend" any member , or lodge , or district , from Hie benefits _tvhich they have purchased , it is a 31 _IOXSTROUS _TYRANNY—a tyranny which the law of thc land ought at once to put down . What a man enter a sick and burial Benefit Society , —and ihe Odd Fellows' confederation , notwithstanding its high sounding name , is little more than this ; a man enter sneh a society : pay to it for twenty or thirty long years , in the hope that when sickness overtakes him , he may haTc the means of sustenance without straitening his friends or having to apply to the
parish ; and in the hope that when death overtakes him , his children or his friends will have the means of interring him decently , and providing suitable mourning for his nearest relatives : a man enter a society sneh as tliis , and pay regularly to it for a long lifetime , - often stinting himseif of ihe very necessaries of life " to pay his lodge , " as thousands have had to do ; a man to do all this for Such an Objeet , —and be subject to be " suspended ?' from the benefits he _uas paid ron , PURCHASED , with his own hard earnings : " suspended" too , at the mere will and pleasure of a Board of Directors ! Talk of injustice or tyranny in the land of the _^ _logals—let them match that if they can ; No matter how your Directors are chosen : no matter whether vonr choice be confined to ihe
Manchester district , or you have the "high privilege" of having one from Bristol : no matter all this , if such a power is given to your Directory , _howtvirdiosen _, it is an _nsEXDUBABLE _xrnA 55 T , and a _fr-ivd on those who have entrusted you with their monies . And then again : if the laws ofthe order confer no such power ; if the Directors are not entrusted with it ; if it be not " in the books , " and they should assume it , and presume to use it , what name shall we desi gnate the act by ? If it would be an UNENDURABLE _TTRANAT even if conferred ly law , what would it be if exercised without law ? Itwotdd ie double distilled DESPOTISM , of thc worst character .
Docs this apply to Mr . Ratcuffe and his coadjutors ? lids is the very question in dispute ; and to this question Mr . Ratcliffe had better apply himself , now that he has somewhat cleared his ground , by retorting ( not disproving ) on personal matters . Let ns take the Huddersfieid case / At the last A _... LC- hut one , a resolution was passed empowering the Board of Directors to call on the different lodges - or certain information . In the course of thc year -he Directors made their " call" —but made it in oilier
_a » a far more extended terms than the resolution itself , _wi and embraced matters which tbe resolution a specif y or seem even to contemplate . This call" the Huddersfieid district declined to comply "" ith . They did this on two grounds : first , that the "solution itself was illegal , inasmuch as there is a _y " _- _^ la which provides that all " propositions " _potions at the A . M . C . shall be circulated in the " T _^ nt lod ges prior to the assembling of the body ;
_*» inasmuch as the resolution that passed was r _^' < % different , and for a far dife ? M Object than 6 proposition" on which it was founded : and , _fwndly , because the "call" itself was not even in _^ ordance with the illegal resolution thus illegally ran led . Now , this , at all events , was tangible _J * "" * . _It wasclearlyamatter of / arf . Eitherthe _^ _w that the Huddersfieid members took was right it was wrong . Whether right or wrong , it is clear ¦ _* _t- _^ _S the stand ihey did , they were con-
The C0m)Uc3? Op -F 2j5 Board Of Director...
tending for the true interests of the Order : for he is a bad member of any societ y who does not resist every illegality , by whomsoever attempted . The toleration of a setting aside of law on one occasion is very soon made a precedes ?—and the society becomes a mass of disorder and lawlessness . If wrong , itis as clear , thattheHuddersfieldmemberscouldhave been set right , lbs facts would be a sufficient answer to them . It is also as clear that , with their conception of the matter , they could not comply with the " call , " nor act otherwise than as they did , until their scruples were satisfied ; and what did Mr . Ratcliffe and his confederates do to meet those scruples ? Did they _reckon with the men who had shewn
such a desire to maintain the laws of the Order intact , and sustain the valued , privileges of lodges and members ? No . They " suspended " them ! They interdicted them from benefits ! They placed in abeyance the _bightb these members had paid for . They denied those rights in every instance where they had power . " Relief on tramp " was one of the rights these men had bought . This was denied . A sentence of " suspension" is equal to a sentence of excommunication , while it is in existence . And this was the answer that Mr . Ratcuffe gave to the Huddersfieid members , because they declined compliance with what they conceived to be an illegal order , founded on an illegal resolution , illegally passed 1
Then take tho Manchester case . The Board of Directors had arranged a new scale of payments , to come into operation in January nest . This step is one that deeply concerns the whole order . It is a change : and a material change too , in the mode of conducting their business . It moreover introduces a new principle into the management of the institution . Hitherto many matters of detail have been left to the lodges themselves , it only being required of them that they conformed to the general laws , and paid their quota of general expenses . Amongst other things , the rate of lodge contributions and lodge benefits were left to be determined on by the parties themselves—it being held tbat each lodge would best know its own requirements , and how to arrange to meet them . The new scale breaks down this
principle of independent action . It provides , that for such and such benefits yon must pay after such and such rates . There is in it the principle of centralisation , in opposition to tho principle of independence of control . It was natural that such a step would excite remark , at the very least . It did more ; and not to be wondered at . It excited mscussiox . Some parties contended that it was a step not at all needed , or at all warranted by the facts of tbe case . Others contended that it would prove to be highly advantageous ; that it would place the Order on a firmer basis than it had hitherto occupied ; that it -would effectually ' prevent those
lamentable failures of lodges from want of means to fulfil their engagements which they had often had to witness ; and others again contended that it was part of a deep laid scheme to get possessed of cENTnAUsiD power , and eventually a control over all the funds of tho society . In tliis state of mind , a meeting of the members ofthe Manchester District was called , to consider the subject . We opine that such a course was perfectly fair . We opine that Mr . Ratcuffe and his coadjutors have not yet goBe the length o f denying to the members of the Order the right of forming ' opinionsforthemselves , _andofexpressingthose opinions too , if they think fit . Surely wc have not
yet got the powers of the Inquisitors of Spain , as weli as the despotic assumptions of the ( once ) Dey of Algiers " cem . rai . ised" in the Order of Odd Fellows ! And yet it is difficult to account for the conduct of Mr . W . Ratcliffe on any other ground . Because this meeting , to discuss a matter which concerned them , was held ; and because five certain individuals attended it , —( all five did not take part —only attended it ); BECAUSE they did this , they were " suspended ' by Mr . Ratcliffe , mutter defiance of the laws of the _ Order , which provide certain modes of TRIAL after due notice to the accused !
But we have not seen the whole of this most monstrous case yet . The five individuals were thus "suspended "—thus deprived of rights and benefits which they had purchased and paid for—and that too without any act of forfeiture or defeasance on their part . In a few days after this most scandalous act , a meeting ofthe Manchester District Committee was held . On that committee there were two of the "suspended" members , who had been appointed before such alleged "suspension" bad taken place . On the " G . M . " —( what high sounding names we have —like children , '' pleased with a rattle , lidded with a straw ! " 1—of the Order objecting to these two
individuals retaining their seats , thc rest of the committee desired to know by what auiliority they had been " suspended ; " and they also desired to have proof of the fact . On this a slip of paper was produced , being merely a note from Mr . _Uatcufse to the Secretary of the District , intimating that such a " suspension" had taken place : but it not being an official document , containing the order of the Board of Directors , sealed with their seal , the committee properly refused to recognise the illegal and monstrous assumption of power on the part of
the Grand—( MONKEY we were going to write , but ) —MASTER we mean , and his colleagues . For this act ; for deciding to abide bylaw ; for setting their face against usurped authority and flagrant injustice , nay , downright BOBBERY —( for these five men were by the sentence of " suspension" without TRIAL , robbed of the benefits they had paid for !)—for thus acting , thc whole of the Manchester district was " suspended" by Wtt . t _. tam _Eatcltffje and his comrades , in the same illegel manner as the Huddersfieid district and the -five attenders at a public meeting were " suspended" !
Bnt we have not yet seen the worst of it : Bad enough in all conscience the case is already ; almost beyond the possibility of being added to in infamy andshame : butas in the lowest depths of wrong " there is a deeper still " , that deeper plunge the Board of Directors have contrived to take . A number of members in the Liverpool District , astounded at what was going on , alarmed for the existence of the Order , if its rights and privileges depended on such a slender thread , ventured to ask the " Grand MASTER "—( we thought there had been no meaning in the name—but it seems the office-bearer is determined to show that there is !); they ventured to ask the Board on what law they grounded their numerous "suspensions . " For so ASKING Tl IE Y TOO WERE " SUSPENDED" ' . 11 Now , match
that out of Turkey if you can ! In our opinion Mr . Ratcliffe would have been quite as well employed in showing that the Board , of which he is the " busy spirit , " wer justified by law in acting in the strange manner just narrated , as in writing the letter which we publish below . But this point we observe the Board of Directors and their apologists invariably shirk . Never do we find them tackling it . We invite them to it . We invite them to show that they have law for what _Hiey have done . Let us see the law ; and then we will express our opinion both ofit and itsmakers , anddo our best to getit consigned to the place where all such laws should be sent
—the Devil ' s kitchen fire . Again we ask them tc show ns this law ; and , failing that , we invite them to defend and justify this acts ! We offer our columns to them , free of expense . We care not who the champion is ; the " Grand Mokket , " — ( whatever is it that we lave seen that continually suggests that animal to tbe mind , when the title " Grand" is used f 0 , we remember : " a most noble Grand" dressed out in cap and red cloak , and _furtclows , all like the dancing monkeys of the streets ); we say we care not whether the champion be the Cr . M . of the Order , Mr . Ratcuffe , Mr . Ashdown , or Mr . Any-bodyclse . Let any one defend and _jcsmft the acta we have narrated , and we will do our utmost to get ban
The C0m)Uc3? Op -F 2j5 Board Of Director...
the _situation of " _operator with tbe bow-string" to the "grand " -Turk ; for it is clear that England ' s air is not fit for Wm ! This matter we shall return to on another occasion , and show the Odd Fellows _generally what they ought to do to make their institution «*/ e , stable , consistent , democratic , and efficient , throughout all its ramifications , each having his share of properly derived power , and no one having more than his share , with every necessary check upon its exercise , that power may not degenerate into tyranny . We . shall show them that it will be their interest to unite ail in one
bond of true brotherhood ; to act in reference to the past , on the principle of bearing with , and _forbear ing with each other , and of letting " byegones be byegones . " To those who havo been " suspended " we shall endeavour to show reasons why they Bhould not form a new confederation to exist distinct from the old one : for they hare moots and benefits paid for in the old one , which they _longbt not to be deprived of either by tbe acts of others or by inconsiderateness of their own . We will shortly return to the subject ; and shall have something more to say on the clap-trap ofthe following letter .
TO THE EDITOR OV TnE NORTHERN STAB . Sib , —I have of late been much amused with the remarks of several of your correspondents , but more particularly with those of an "Old Odd Fellow , " which have at different times appeared in the columns of the Northern star . I have , therefore , fallen the liberty of addressing you upon thopresent occasion , and found my claim to your notice upon the following grounds : — That a great portion of the membera of the Manchester Unity are subscribers to your paper , and as you have allowed the insertion of anonymous correspondence reflecting upon my private character , it is only justice to myself that you should afford me the privilege of answering aud refuting the charges that have from time to time appeared in your paper , so that from the two statements those who are disinterested will be able to arrive at a proper conclusion .
I have now been officially connected , as secretary , with the Manchester Unity of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows nearly eight years , and , during the whole of that time , although our society numbered upwards of 250 , 000 individuals , no complaint has ever yet been preferred against me , but invariably , when called upon to give an account of my stewardship to those who had appointed me to conduct their affaire , and watch over their interests , resolutions similar to the following have been recorded , and by gentlemen who were appointed upon the most democratic principles to represent tho whole of the members throughout England , Scotland , and Wales : —
"In conclusion , we have to say that , during the arduous duties we have been here called upon to perform , in going through papers , documents , and accounts _, amounting to a sum bordering close upon £ 20 , 000 , we were most ably , and in a gentleman-like manner , assisted through any apparent difficulties by C . S . Ratcliffe , and that his urbanity of manner calls for our unqualified praise and esteem ; and we respectfully beg leave to submit the same through you to the Order in general , with the assurance that the accounts are kept in his usual clear style , which has , at all times so materially lightened the duties of the auditors , and for which the best thanks of the Order arc due to bim . "
Now , during thc time that I have fulfilled the duties of secretary to the society , no less a sum than £ 150 , 000 has passed through my hands , and I leave the members to draw their own conclusions , from the various reports of the auditors , as to the manner iu which thc trust reposed in me has been performed . I can here place myself in a position which very few individuals under similar circumstances can do , viz , that after having paid to the different tradesmen connected with the Order during the last seven years upwards of- £ - ( 0 , 000 , I never in the whole of that time received , either directly or indirectly , in the shape of perquisites or otherwise , the value of one shilling . When the members of the Order at a distance read such statements as these , and find that the duties of secretary have been so satisfactorily performed , no doubt tfiey are at a loss why anonymous
correspondents should be found viHiiying my character , when they have had ( if they had the moral courage to have done so ) so many opportunities of bringing my conduct before those from whom I received my appointment . Now , there is a cause , whicli I shall endeavour to explain ; so that for the future our members may be able to put a proper construction upon the motives of parties . It is well known that , when I was first appointed to thc oflicc of corresponding secretary of the Manchester Unity , I was not a member of the Manchester district ; and , from the date of my appointment up to the present day , a great portion of thc men who were formerly members of the Manchester district , have resorted to the most despicable means to injure me in the estimation of those who have hitherto reposed in me their unbounded confidence , and warmly expressed their admiration at tlie manner in which 1 have invariably performed the duties imposed upon
me . Their hatred to me has arisen from the circumstance of my having exerted myself to remove from the Order that inonopolv , corruption , and systematic plundering which was ' carried on previous to my taking office ; and'because I have been instrumental in , and , to a certain extent , the cause of the removal of tho abuses that existed , thus trampling npon the _pirivi legcs and immunities so long exclusively enjoyed by the members of the Manchester district , they are determined to wreak their vengeance upon me ; and have registered a vow that they will leave no stone unturned until they have accomplished their object , and destroyed that confidence which I have hitherto possessed . The length of time it will take them to accomplish this has yet to he ascertained .
Previous to the year 1840 At the present tune any the members of the Man- memberof the Order , _whercchester district enjoyed the eve / he may reside , has the exclusive privilege of sup- privilege of sending in _csplying the Order with goods , tiraatcs for goods , and on reference to the quarterly reports , it will be found thai the estimates from members residing in Leeds , Oldham , North Shields , Edinburgh , Glasgow , Belfast , and other
places , have been accepted . That the privilege of dis- The estimates are now tributing the estimates was submitted to a disinterested vested in the directors , ivho tribunal , appointed from were self-elected from a- amongst the deputies who mongst the members of the attend tlie A , JL C , and Manchester district . who decide upon the same to the bust of their judgment , without any reference as to where the party estimates may reside .
That , previous to tbeyenr Since tho year 1814 the 1 S 44 , the whole of thedirec- directors have been elected tors were appointed from from the members in tbe amongst the members of different districts , and _inthcManchester district , and stead of Manchester inonoif a party were a P . G . it polising the whole , they was considered sufficient , have been fairly distributed and he was at once elected , throughout the unity , and without any reference to his talent and ability have been character or abilities . their passports to office . Previous to the year 1844 The general funds of the the wJiole of the funds of the Order are now invested in Order were vested in the trustees from Manchester , members of the Mnuchester ' Stockport , London , andBh _* . district . mingham ; and if this had not been the case , now that Manchester has seceded , what would have become of those funds ?
For the above-named alterations I have incurred deadly hatred , but more particularly for my having detected twelve of the past officers and members of the Manchester district in attempting to defraud tlie Order , by sending in goods of an inferior description to those for which they contracted : and the consequence has been that those individuals have been tor ever prevented from supplying the Order with any more goods , and , being defeated , baffled _^ and disgraced in their attempts to plunder the Society , then rage knows no bounds . Hence their determined hostility to the humble individual who only performed the duty imposed upon him by the members of the Order at large , and for which he has received their unanimous thanks .
I now come to a portion of your correspondent ' s letter , wherein he states that I " was at Newton races , with a roll of notes , betting with every one around me . " I would not have noticed such " an unmitigated lie , " had it not been that by ray Silence the Yeracity of Mr . Ashdown might have been impeached by those who bave not the honour ol his acquaintance . I , therefore , place myself in Mr . Ashdown ' s position , and beg leave to inform the " Old Odd Fellow" that I was at Newton races ; but as for having at any time a roll of noteB in my hand , or betting with every one around me , I can only say that it is another of those gross falsehoods , which , in his own neighbourhood , it is well known he is so perfect in . Yes , the " Old Odd Fellow "is well _knOTTO , and were he only to put his name to his cor-
The C0m)Uc3? Op -F 2j5 Board Of Director...
respondence , his own personal acquaintance would _imtnediately declare that he was unworthy of v * elief . . Now , _relsftive to my being at Newton races—w _' . _as-it a crime ? If so , I am afraid the " Old Odd _Fellot _f " is very often guilty of the same offence when his means will afford . I do not denv being at Newton races , and by the resolution of the Bradford A . M . C . am not prevented from attending such places if I think proper . If betting on horse racing be a crime , it is most -singular that the very individuals who condemn it , are those who practise it the most ; for it is well known that more than one half of those who were formerly members of the Manchester district are gamblers on horse racing . The "Old Odd _Jteltow says I was at Liverpool , and appeals to Mr . Dickinson . ; There is no occasion to appeal to Mr . _Pickins
on _*; Why not at once have referred to Mr . Ktf . oerts , the pseudo G . M . of those who have been suspended in the Manchester district , who was at Liverpool races . By-the-bye , it is somewhat singular that the first bet I ever had on a horse race was made at the instigation of Mr . Hardy , the pseudo secretary to the " National Independent Odd Fellows '' in _^ Manchester . Now , these individuals can with impunity attend any race they like , and swagger and befits they think proper , but if an humble individual like myself is only seen passing a place at the time the races are held , the dogs are unloosed , and all the . abusive language they are master of is heaped upon him . In conclusion , I have ooe word for the "Old Odd Fellow ' _'—tfawe who live _% tt glass houses should not throw stone ) . Instead , for thc future , of attempting
to traduce my character , it weald be much better if he would explain to the Order the reason why the G . M , and Board of Directors ( who at the time were appointed exclusively from the Manchester district ) unanimously passed ' a resolution thai he should be kicked out of the directory ; and also the circumstances under which I detected him defrauding the Order . These explanations would be information for the members , and might serve asa beacon and warning to all , that" honesty is the best policy . " Trusting you wili excuse this lengthy epistle , I remain your obedient servant , William _Ratclifptb , Corresponding Secretary to the Manchester Unity of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows . 8 . Aytoun-street , Manchester .
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And Mtiokal Trades' Jotwal, =*"—^" ' U ¦...
AND MTIOKAL TRADES' JOtWAL , _= * _" _—^ " ' U ¦ U " , " I ' ll I II - - __ _ - _ _-J- _ . ' . _!¦¦ - ' _ *' VOL . VIII . NO . 409 . LONDON , SATURDAY , SEPTEMBER 13 , 1545 . _^ _£ _?? _1 _/^ _SS 5 _^
/Aitta Gntetttattitt*
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Germany. . Agitation Is On The Increase ...
GERMANY . . Agitation is on the increase throughout Prussia , turn-outs and disturbances are now of almost daily occurrence . A letter from Berlin of the 80 th ult ., states that reports were in circulation of disturbances having taken place at Konigsberg , in which the townspeople had the advantage ; but it does not appear what was the cause of the disturbance . The Manheim Gazette states that , in the afternoon of August 29 , the public tranquillity was disturbed In a strange way at Heidelberg . Some individuals suddenly collected on the Ludwigs Platz , and , placing themselves near the Museum , fired several shots . They then withdrew as quickly as they had come , and when the police arrived every one had disappeared . The Universal German Gazette states that a
meeting of the Protestant Friends was to have taken place on the premises ofthe German Resource , on the evening of August 27 , aiid some hundreds of persons presented themselves , when the police prevented their entering , declaring that meetings of the Friends of Light were forbidden . The persons who had assembled then repaired to a garden , and several speeches were delivered . A member proposed the separation of the old Protestant Church , and its accession to the German Catholic movement , but this proposal was not generally approved of . It was agreed to address the proposal to the King direct , with an open declaration . A committee of seven members was appointed to draw up the declaration . The meeting broke up at eight o'clock in perfect order . The Cologne Gazette contains a letter from
Brunswick , of the 3 rd inst ., which states that , tor the three preceding evenings serious quarrels had arisen between the soldiers of the guard and some of the working classes of tho town , particularly the journeymen shoemakers . Some dispute having arisen , it appears , at first between a workman and a soldier , the latter drew hisside-arms on his adversary _. The crowd resented this attack , and thc quarrel became general . A number of persons were wounded on both sides , but only one case was known in which a mortal injury liad been received , TJie police interfered but slightly thc two first evenings ; but on the third , when the disturbances became serious , they obtained the assistance of a body of troops , and stopped all further quarrel . The town was iu a state of great agitation when thc post left .
From Leipsic we have information to the date of the 1 st inst . The town enjoys tranquillity in appearance , but there is considerable agitation in the public mind . Some apprehensions exist that disturbances may break out on September 4 th , the anniversary of the festival of the constitution . The commission of _mquivy ia pursuing its _iGSfiavclsfie , but it is not yet known who gave orders to the troops to fire on the people . The report of the commission is looked for with some impatience . The circular of the Minister of the Interior , on popular assemblies , ha 3 excited much discontent . It was at Stolzenfcls that the King of Prussia agreed with the German Princes on tlie representations of Prince Mettei'Jljcll , that energetic measures ought to he taken against innovators and political assemblies , as tolerating them longer might be attended with dangerous
consequences . Thus far our information is derived from the London daily papers ; very questionable sources of information in all that concerns the march of free principles , and the struggles of the proletarian order for their social and political rights . The London daily papers inform this country something of the agitations on religious questions , and occasionally give publicity to the complaints of the Prussian middle class at their being choused out of the long promised constitution by their pious King' but beyond this our daily papers are " dumb does . " They give us no information of that mighty working men ' s movement , which having for its object the destruction of class tyranny and social mastership , as well as the overthrow of political privilege , inscribes on its banners— " Democracy , Communism . " Of this
party growing in strength as fast as intelligence advances , and destined to ultimately ( and soon we hope ) change the entire existing order of things in Germany , _wehesir nothing from our " best possible public instructors . " To supply , then , the information which so much concerns the class for whom the Northern Star exists , we have made arrangements with a trustworthy and zealous German patriot to provide for tliis paper a faithful account of passing events , together with true and correct expositions of the principles and aims of tho several political parties in Germany , more especially tho party of the only true reformers—the Democratic Communists . The first of our correspondent's letters we here give ; our readers will find in it much valuable information as to the state of things in Saxony , Prussia , and Germany generally .
THE LATE BUTCHERY AT LEIPSIC—THE _GEKMAN WORKING MEN'S MOVEMENT . ( From our own Correspondent . ) The massacre at Leipsic , which JOU commented on in your last number , and of whicli you gave a more detailed account some weeks ago , is continuing to occupy the attention of thc German papers . This massacre , — surpassed in infamy by that of Peterloo only , —is by far the most viilanous act of scoundrelism that military despotism ever devised in this country . When the people were shouting , "Rongefor ever ! down with popery !" Prince Jolm of Saxony , who , by-the-bye , is another of our many rhyming and book-writing princes , having published a very bad translation of the Italian poet Dante ' s «• Hell ; " this " hellish" translator tried to add military glory to his literary fame by planning a most dastardly
campaign against the unarmed masses , lie ordered the battalion of rifles , called in by the authorities , to divide into _several detaebments and to block up the passages to the hotel in which bis literary " royal highness" had taken up his quarters . The soldiers obeyed , and pressed the people by enclosing them in a narrow circle , and advancing upon them into the gateway of the hotel ; and from this unavoidable entering of thc people into the sacred gateway of thc royal residence , brought on by the military acting under Prince John's orders ; from this very circumstance tho pretest was taken to fire upon the people ; by this very circumstance the firing has been tried to be justified by tbe Government papers t Nor is this all ; the people were taken between tlie several detachments , and the plan of his royal highness was executed
by a cross fire upon the defenceless masses ; wherever they turned , they met with a repeated volley from the rifles , arid had not the soldiers , more humane than Prince John , fired mostly over the heads of the people , the slaughter would have been terrible . The indignation created by this piece of scoundrelism is general ; the most loyal subjects , the warmest supporters of the pre . sent order of things shave in it , and pronounce their utter disgust at such proceedings . The affair wUl do a great deal of good in Saxony , a part of Germany that before all others , has always evinced an inclination for talkin _? , and where action was sadly wanted . The Saxons , with their little constitutional government , their talking houses of parliament , their liberal deputies , liberal and enlightened pargons , _& c , wero , in Northern Germany , the
Germany. . Agitation Is On The Increase ...
representatives of moderate Libera ))* ™ , of German Whiggcry ; aud yet , with all that , greater slaves of the King of Prussia than the Prussians themscfrct . ' . _. Whatever the Prussian Government resolved , the Saxon ministry had to execute ; nay , of fate , tho Prussian Government did not evtn take the trouble to apply to the Saxon ministry , but direct to the Saxon inferior _authors ties , as if they were not Saxon , hut their oirn employees ! Saxony is governed in Berlin , not in Dresden -, and with j all their talking and boasting , the Saxons know * ery well that the leaden hand of Prussia presses * hard enough upon them . To all this talkingarid ; boasting , to all tliis self-conceit and contentment which would make the Saxons a peculiar nation opposed to ' the Prussian , & c , this Leipsic massacre will put an end . The' Saxons must gee , now , that they are -under the _« ame military rule a » all other Germans , and that , with alltbsir constitution , liberal laws , liberal censorship , and liberal _Aing ' sspeeches , martial _laiv is the only one that has any practical
existence in their little country . And there is another thing to aid this Leipsic affair in spreading the spirit of rebellion in Saxony notwithstanding all the talking o'f the Saxon Liberals , the great majority of the Saxon people are only beginning to talk ; Saxony is a manufacturing country , and among her linen-weavers , framenorkknitters , cotton-spinners , _pillow-lace-msxer * , coal and metal miners , there has been , from time immemorial , aft appalling amount of distress . ' The proletarian movement , which , from tha Silesian riots , _thfewttttcY _*? * battle nt it is called , in May , 1844 , has » pread all over 6 f « nnany , has not left Saxony untouched . There have bean ; move _, _ments at several places among the railway consWUeting workmen , and also among the calico-printers some time ago , and it is more than likely , though positive _evidence Cannot nOIV he given , that communism is making _itsprogress there as well as everywhere else , among the wor-k . ing people ; and if the workers of Saxony enter the field , they are sur * not to be satisfied with talking , like thenemployers , the liberal" bourgeois . "
Let me direct your attention somewhat more to the working class _HfOTcment in Germany , _trt your paper of last weeh ( you predict a glorious revolution , —not such a one as that of 3 G 88 * _. —to this counSry . In this you are perfectly tight—I only would beg to correct , « _ar rather to more clearly define your exprcssiorH that it i » the youth of Germany that wiU bring about such a chamge . This youth is not to be loo _& ed for among the middle classes . It is from the very heart of our working people that revolutionary action in Germany will _commence . It i « true , there are among our middle classes a cons & farable number of Republicans and even Communists , and young men too , who , if a general o » tbreak occurred now ; would be very useful in the movement but these met * are " bourgeois , " profit-mongers , manufacturers by
_precession ; and who will guarantee us that they will-not be demoralised by their trade , by their social position ,-which forces them to live upon the toil of other people ,- to- grow fat by being tbe leeches , tho " _ezploiteurs" of the Working classes . And if they remain proletarians in mind-, though bourgeois in profession , their number will be infinitely small in comparison with the real number of tbe _dliddle-clnss men , who stick to the existing order of things through interest , and care for nothing but tlie _aUin / j of their purses . Fortunately , we do not count on the middle classes at all . The movement of the proleta . rians has developed itself with such astonishing rapidity , tbat in another year or two we shall be able to muster a glorious array of working Democrats and Communists—for in this country Democracy and
Communism aro , as far as the working classes are concerned , quite synonymous . The Silesian weavers , in 1844 , gave the signal ; the Bohemian and Saxon calico-printers and railway constructors ; tho Berlin calico-printers ; and , indeed , the manufacturing classes of almost all parts of Germany , responded by turn-outs and partial riots ; the latter of which were almost always produced by the laws prohibiting combinations . The movement is now almost general throughout the country , and goes on quietly , but steadily , whilst the middle classes spend tlieir time with _agitating for " Constitutions , " " Liberty of the press , " "Protective Duties , " "German Catholicity , " and "Protestant Church Keform . " All these middle-class movements , although not Without some merit , do not touch the working classes at all , who have a movement of their own—a knifc-and-fork
movement . Iu my next letter more on tins subject
SPAIN . Isabella and her abominable mother , with a retinue of courtiers , including that polished savage , Narvacz , are starring il amongst' the Navarcsc , whero their loyal admirers are gratifying them with the brutal but appropriate amusement of bull fights . Tho Carlist organ , the £ _speran- _* a , and the Pvogvesista journal , the Espectador , intimate that the "holy alliance" of Isabella with tlie son of Don Carlos , is now certain . The Madrid journals , including the Moderado papers , are making a dead set at the present Ministry , and seem bent on accomplishing its overthrow , fhe patriotism of these journalists is , however , " very questionable ; or rather there is no micstion at all that in now _ouDOsinc : thc r 7 arva . cz
Ministry they are actuated by no better motives than are the blood-thirsty scoundrels they declaim agaiust . The Captain-General of Catalonia , Manuel De Breton , has published a proclamation of a more tyrannical character than anything ever before attempted by the agents ofthe present brutal Government . In tin ' s proclamation the retention of every description of arms , including hnive 3 and walkingsticks , is strictly forbidden under pain of " severe punishment . " All whose means of living are unknown , are to be punished as " vagrants . " Smugglers are threatened with severe punishment . Even tfiose who live by their daily labour arc to be punished as
vaerants if found frequenting low _COffee-houSCS , taverns , wine-cellars , billiard-rooms , and publichouses . And lastly , all those who conspire against the Government of her Majesty , the constitution of the State , and the existing laws , shall , on the full proof of their crime , bo shot . But vain aro these Draco-like enactments . They -will fail to stifle tlie spirit of freedom in Catalonia . On the 2 nd instant it was reported in Barcelona that Brigadier-General Ametllev aud some other Pvogvcsisia chiefs had escaped from the depot in France , and wereexpected to present themselves in thc mountain districts , raising the standard of revolt .
_IlirORTAXT FROM AlADniD . LONDON , h _EIDAT . A Madrid letter , written at midni g ht on the 5 th , and received by express , appears in the Journal des Debats . It says : — " An attempt at insurrection was made this evening at ten o ' clock , but was promptly put down by the troops . Only one officer was killed . " The correspondent adds no further details . At Malaga an obstinate resistance to the new tributary system was in preparation .
SWITZERLAND . Thc majority cf thc Council of State of Berne having displayed an anti-liberal policy which has given alarm to the minority , the latter have appealed to tho Great Council , on the ground that the majority have deviated from the policy of 1831 . The Groat Council has been convoked for the 10 th instant , to take the question into consideration . The Jesuits axd the luxe op IVurtembeug . — A letter from Priburg ofthe 5 th , in the Frankfurter Journal , states that two shots were fired at Meran , in thc Tyrol , at the King of "VVurtemberg , but fortunately without hitting him . Tlie _Garlsruhe Gazette makes mention of a report of the same kind . The Jesuits are considered , it says , as the authors of this attack , in consequence of thc King ' s having spoken , when in Switzerland , openly against the influence of tliat society . Ifis language to Siegwart Mullcr , the head of thc Jesuit party at Lucerne , produced a great sensation ,
GREECE . Athens , August 10 . —Coletti having now all his own way , things assume in tliat country gradually the appearance of former days , that is to say , as they were under the Turkish rule—despotism in tlie Government , and eowasilly ferocity in the governed ; in fact , the old Janissary system ot Constantinople , if you only change the name to that of Policari . The robbers who exercise their trade on shore with _impunity , try to do the same at sea , in consequence of which the Austrian man-of-war steamer Vulcano , the French Rubis , and two small Greek cutters , have been sent to the Pineus in pursuit of them .
CIRCASSIA . - Letters from Taganrog , of August 10 th , announce that Prince Woronzoff _, after his expedition on Dargo , had resolved to adopt a new kind of warfare—that of burning the forest which serves as a shelter to the Circassians . Upwards of fifty waggons , laden with turoentine , yesin _, and other inflammable matters , had left _Tasanroz for Stavropol .
Germany. . Agitation Is On The Increase ...
same time about 1 , 100 petitions' itt favour of the T «§ Hours Bill had been sent to metuDefs of . Parliament for presentation . ¦' .- '' The whole of " the accounts were unanimously , adopted * after which tha ordinary business of the committee wai proceeded with . The Chaibmis , amongst other matters , called the attention ofthe committee to a correspondence which bad recently taken place between them and Mr . Henry Ashworth , of Turton , who , ho said , was the _recoguiaad representative of the masters . Tot some time past tha committee had indulged a hope that a satisfactory settlement ofthe question could be effected in the next session of Parliament , withont much opposition , believing tliat a very large number of millowners were now favourable to the principle of short time . With this view , the secretary was instructed to write to Mr . Ash worth , in accordance with a previous resolution , nnd on the 27 th of August the following note was sent off : —
Sm , —I am requested by the Ceirtral Short Time Committee to ask you to convene a meeting of tha _toaster manufacturers of Lancashire to meet a deputation' from tins and the district short time committees , for fhe _^ arpose of agreeing , if possible , on the draught of a bilHo reduce the hours of working to ten hours a day . Should you" consent to call such a meeting , the - committee -wiU feel obliged by your giving them at least ten- nays' notice , to _enaije them to communicate with the ( Kjfricts , V _^ I nm , Sir , your obedient scrvai _?? , _**• V ILGkeei _. ' , Secretary . Now , fhfar letter the committee thought not only respectful but _c-entjiliaWy ; and they Were , _? and stilt' are , _prepured to meet their , employers to discuss , and _impossible settle , tiie'WiDle ' question , and thereby put an ertffto an agitation _-n-jS & _lt-is riot only disagreeable to _theiflSelVM and those _wnorn they _represent , but a tax . upon' _Hheir energies whicii' aright be cfevofed to other puiffUsesv Jtsdge ,. then , of _.-tSieir surprise on the receipt of thcTolr lowing note _from-Hv .. Ash worth : — \
• . _T-urto-n ,. S mo . 28 , 1845 :-To Jt ' i Green , Secrs _& ry of tlie Central _tfhort Time CoiAZr " * . mittee . 1 have : thy note of yesterday requesting fi » to _cc-wano '" a meeting ofthe master manufacturers" Of _i-mcashire to meet a _denotation from the Short Ti 3 io' ConSmittees , for " the purpose of agreeing , if possible , upon tlie draught of a bill to rcdnec the hours of _vrorking to ten'Hosts a day . I suppose I may take it foT" granted tli _.-iif _tlios application has proJ 8 ed « l from a meeting to _csnsi'de * the subject . Should * this be the case , pi ay I _rerjuesfctliit those will favour nie with thc names or those who Were _present , and the localities which they had" been _calt-sd upon , to represent f I » m , _respectfniry . _JIsnbt AsnVfoMn .
The e * _ttraordin _«* _y character of th _^ t note -was-swell as to cause tlte committee tocloie all further correspondence with Mr . Ash-worthy because they believed tliat ) he no longer represented the'feelings or wishes ofthe flwrtttfao _. turers ; and , _therefors , tho secretary _-rfrdte to 050 * ' as [ fellows : — " lied Lion Inn > Sept . lj _Ufihv " Sir , —Your Mter of She 28 th ult . reached-. me in- duo coarse , and I _aai _requested by the committee _tt _» acftnowledge its receipt . The question you ask is of so extra ' oraiw nary a character thatfivcfeel the _correspondence- _hettf-etons you ' and us must cow be closed . The committee . thoughts that the merits of the question were sufficient to v / arrant _" _- them * in soliciting such- a- _tfteoting . They _ueiire ' -jnc " t 6 > say , that not-withstanding- your refusal to call tlie meeti _" ilie :, they will ba glad _^ of you * - support in the next _setf _' siba ' of _Parliament . " I _anh-shyyoo-r obedient sarvantj "II . _GiieenSecretary . "
, Had 1 th Ashworfh been a-stronger to the existence of the committee , possibly there might have _been- _' some grounds for asking such a'question : but Mr . Ashwortb . was not _ignotant either of th ' e _existence ofthe committee , or ofthe members who composed il , their names having from time to time appeared _ih-thc- Manchester and . ' other newspapers ; moreover , he had during the last session of Parliament beenin correspondence with them and their representatives in London . _T-hess things considered , ' the committee paused before they handed a list of thoif names over to llri _Aehworth- Tlicy had not forgotten the use that was made of _thenaincs of some persons oy Mr . John Bright last year , _wha-ncrerlad been members of the central committee . It was well known that on many former occasions parties had been discharged from their situations for acting on the Short Time Committee ,
and also that Mr . _Ashworth had frequently discharged his own men for taking part in such matters , _TllO ch & i *< _-iv > an then named several persons who bad been discharged from Mr . _Ashworth ' s mills for voting in such matters , and amongst others tho case of five men who were discharged in September ; 1813 , for having attended a meeting called by the spinners of Bolton . With those facts before the committee ; lie thought they were perfectly justified In closing-the correspondence with Mr . _Ashwortli , lest some of its members- should fall victims to such men as Mr , Ashwcrth . He begged , however , to say , that taking the masters as- a whole , they had nothing to fear from the publication ef their names ; but inasmuch as there might still-he a few such masters as Mr . Ashworth left , they refused to comply with such a request , which , if granted , he could not see what good purpose it would serve .
The Committee then entered on a consideration of tho propriety of taking offices , and appointing a permanent secretary to conduct the agitation during the forthcoming year . No resolution on thc subject was adopted , and the question was adjourned for a week .
The Ten Hours Bill. Manchesteb, Wedhesda...
THE TEN HOURS BILL . _MANCHESTEB , _WEDHESDAT . Last night another meeting ofthe Lancashire Central Short Time Committee was held at the Bed lion Inn , _London-road , in this town . The chairman of the committee ( Mr . P . Hargravcs ) presided as usual . There were twelve members of the committee present . The Chairman in opening the proceedings ordered the secretary to read the accounts to the committee , from which it appeared that during the last six months £ 15314 s , 6 d . had been collectedfrom factory workers alone , £ 122 of which had been expended , leaving a balance of £ 3114 s . 6 d . in the hands ofthe trea surers . The whole of the expenses were incurred in propagating the opinions ofthe committee , not ona shilling having been paid for salaries to agents , & c . In the course of the present year the report stated that upwards of 80 , 000 tracts and circulars had been distributed amongst members of Parliament , clergymen , master manufacturer ! , _& c , In the
(Tofo{£R $Tob*Mentsi.
( _tofo { £ r _$ tob * mentsi .
The Operative Cotton-Spixkblls And Selfa...
THE OPERATIVE _COTTON-SPIXKBllS AND _SELFACTTISG- _MBLR _TVOIUvEHS 01 * . S COTLAND TO X 11 E 1 K EJU'LOYBUS . Gentlemen , —In our address to you , -dated 9 th August , soliciting an advance of wages , we were impressed with the idea , from the preseut state of trade , that you would at once have acceded to the request therein specified , more especially when we consider its moderation , and compare the prices paid in England with those in Scot _, laud . In the circular of your secretary , it is stated you aro paying somewhat higher than the Laneashiro masters are doing , and that wo have no claim upon you for an advance of wages ; but in order to _mcet-tlie views of tbO operatives , you consent to give live percent ., and that an equivalent bo given to piecers , which equivalent would give , in the majority of cases , the very handsome sum of from lid . to 3 d . per week—a sum nhi ' . 'h rather exceeds our generosity to offer them .
The _following comparison will show -whether tne iinglisli or Scotch masters pay highest . From the list ot prices paid at present in Bolton ( which list is being generally adopted throughout England ) , the result is , as compared with the prices paid in Scotland on a given quantity of yarn , from the same number of spindles , and ns compared with the price paid in former years , wheit yams were no higher , or not so high , us they arc at present * . — raid for Snim ' mg on 252 Spindles _hiGlasww-ForlOolbs _lDOlbs lOOlbs of 04 s . oi'lOOs . _OiloiS . From I 82 D to 183 & - - £ 17 1 £ 2 14 2 £ 5 8 i
Paid in 1337 - - -112 3 3- 4 G C 80 Present rate in Glasgow - 1 3 11 2 . 7 . 10 4 15 8 Kate asked - - -150 2 10 0 500 Paid at present in _SoltOll ( England ) - . -181 2 18 4 5 G 3 On 330 Spindles . From 1825 to-183 G - - 1 7 1 2 _1-t 2 5 8 4 Paid in 1837 - - - 1123 3-4 6- 0 8 0 Present rate in Glasgow- 1 0 _G'J 2 11 4 2 2 Hate asked - - - 1 3 11 2 7 . 10 4 15 8 Paid at present in Bolton ( England ) - - -178 2 _17 5 i 548
On 480 Spindles . Prom 1825 to 1930 - -171 2 H 2 584 = Paid in 1 S 37 - - -112 3 34 G 080 Present rate in Glasgow - 0 IS 4 1 . 1 G 8 3 13 4 = Hate asked - - -10 10 218 434 : Paid at present in Bolton- 18 4 285 483 if the above statement is incorrect , wc must admit that we have no know ledge of figures—a plea to which w aro unwilling to plead guilty—and , if correct , your statement ofpaying _higher Miustnecussarjly fall to theground . We must confess that we were completely taken by surprise at thc answer returned to our memorial—an answer which cannot raise in us a very high , opinion of your generosity , when wo consider the present high prit- _'f / S of yarns , and the depreciated price of the raw material , as compared with any former period .
Il ' tho following extract , whicli we take from the / Jan . Chester Advertiser , be true , wo are certainly justified in taking up our present position : — " There is a total absence of stock in the mtinufoctutcvs"bauds , live spinners are also working to order , and the profits m'C great _. One mill in the neighbourhood is clearing OXE THOUSAND POUNDS per week on a single article . In several of the districts , the masters have advanced the wages of their hands * , and we hope and expect , now that trade is so good , that it will be done generally , for it is no exaggeration to say , that more money is making by cottonspinning than vvas ever before known . "
At an adjourned meeting of delegates which took placein tbe Trades' Hall , Paisley , on Saturday , the 30 th inst .,, your answers to our memorial having been reported , the following resolutions were unanimously adopted : — - " That from the present state of trade , it is the opinion _, of this meeting that we are perfectly justified in perse- _, vering in our demand , and that we will not iwccpt of any : compromise . And " that we again memorialise our enu ploycrs , requesting their answer by Friday , the 8 th of September , in order that this meeting , which stands adjourned to Saturday , the Cth , may finally decide on what measures may bo necessary to insure compliance with our request , if not previously conceded . " And " that tiii 3 memorial be advertised in thc Herald and Argus newspapers . " By order and on behalf of the operative cotton spinners and self-acting mule workers of Scotland , Crichton Toon , Chairman . Trades' Hall , Paisley , August 30 th , 1845 .
Chard Tailors, Somersetshire.—On Tuesday...
Chard Tailors , Somersetshire . —On Tuesday , September 9 th , we were favoured with a visit from . Mr . O . Maunder , agent for the United Tailors' Protection Society , who addressed ns on the principles and constitution of the society : after which he gava us a most interesting account of the success attending his endeavours since hi 8 return from the patriotici islanders of Jersey . At thc close of the address tho following resolution was unanimously adopted by tUe meeting : — "That in the opinion of this meeting , the principles and constitution of the Tailors' Protection ; Society , as now explained , ' are eminently calculated to secure the prosperity of the tailoring trade ; we therefore determine to form a section of the union " A vote of thanks having been given to Mr . _Miunder i aud the chairman , the meeting broke u _* -. .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 13, 1845, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_13091845/page/1/
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