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TO FEARGUS O'COSNOR, ESQ.
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Mr Mr Isab O'Coxxor ,—You said lately, o...
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TO THOMAS COOPER, THE CHARTIST. Mr Dear ...
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^ ^ AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL.
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VOL. X. NO. m LONDON, SATURDAY, MAKCH .1...
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103 ACHES, 1 EOOD, 30 PERCHES op EXCELLE...
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¦MLJ3W ¦ O'CONiN'KlX'S PLAN FOR DISFRANC...
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Total loss of the Gkkat I.ivkki'Ooi, Stk...
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THIRD • EBITJOjT _,
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HOUSE OF LOlll)S-l*'nw.iT. . March 10:' ...
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CDartts't ]mtdh'gm^
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LONDON. Exti,v:s' RssTOKATioN CoiiMiTTKi...
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KOYATi I-OIATEUUXIC INSTITUTION. Dr. Ihi...
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PlKSIuNatiom.—Ml. 'i 'vv'r.rd, for ii.-a...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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To Feargus O'Cosnor, Esq.
TO _FEARGUS _O'COSNOR , ESQ .
Mr Mr Isab O'Coxxor ,—You Said Lately, O...
Mr Mr Isab O'Coxxor , —You said lately , of a doctrine trine in Morals ( for it was scarcely a political doctrine' trine ) _whchlmaintainea , thatitwas " un-Chartist . Yet I Yet the avwal of that doctrine did not involve a singli single pointer a single line of the Charter . Your decla declaration , however , in last week ' s Star , in my ln _ l humble opinion , _jnwMthat you are not a Chartist . You You had aa open opportunity of proclaiming your _disli dislike to the ballot at the Birmingham Conference ; but but you Total for its being retained in the People ' s
Cha Charter , and vou voted for the whole revised People s Cha Charter . Again and again , have you contended that the the whole Charter was the standard of Chartist ortl orthodoxy : but now you tell the world , in your addre dress to the people of Edinburgh , " you are for the _Pei People ' s Charter , with the exception of ihe ballot ; ant and you are not for that . " Why ? " Because , " say you yoa , " I consider it ah insult to put a mask upon an Loi honestface , and because I would consider it _uniieces sai sary if the electoral "body was so extensive as to de , defy the snares of ihe wily and the " Machinations of th thewealtbv "
Now , why did you vote for retiming in the People ' s C' Charter this "insult" and " mask upon an honest fa face , " if you believed such to be correct definitions of of the ballot , at the tune the Charter was being re ti -vised at Birmingham , at the close of 1 S 42 ? Do von answer ( as I do , with regard to the doctrine oi of not talcing human life even in self-defence ) , that n _reHection has convinced you of your former errar ? 1 Then avow it . It is a maxim of mine , that all who t think , must change their opinions in one way or c other , at one time or other ; and , therefore , I cannot a accuse anv man of either insinceritv or ineonsisteney
v wao changes his opinions from reflection , and avows 1 the change . But I cannot grant that a man has a i rightful title to be esteemed either a sincere or a coni sistent man , who condemns to-day what he voted for i three years ago ; who has very repeatedly proclaimed 1 that he would abide by the whole Charter , and dei dared that he had no confidence in those who would not— -and now , suddenly , avows he is opposed to one of its principal provisions ; and all this without renouncing a political designation which no longer is truly his , or honestly telling the people that , after seriously weighing the matter , he had discerned that he had hitherto been in error .
You told me , lately , that 1 must not , so soon , expect my old pupils to forget their lessons of physical force . Let me remind yon that you must not , so soon , expect your pupils to forget the denunciations you hare levelled against all who forsake the Charter . Yoa will , perhaps , tell me that the ballot is not a principle , and that it is but an expedient . I _xeplr that the vote for every male person of twenty one i 3 not a principle , and that it is also an expedient . Principle would give the vote to women ; bat existing conventional arrangements forbid our advoeacv of _women-suffrage .
I am anwilling to occupy more space in the Star , because I know your Parliamentary matter renders long letters inconvenient just now . 1 only repeat that , in my humble opinion , you are not a Chartist . For if that name does not signify " one who demands that the People ' s Charter be made the law of the land , " whatdoes _itsigoify ? I am , yours affectionately , Thomas _Coorsn , the _Ciuktist . 131 , Bhekfriar _' _s-Tuad , Monday , _} brch _9 . 181 G .
P . S . I cannot help observing—for I have a vivid r emembrance of it—that you fully _amoved when I brought O'Brien and Vincent to the bar of public opinion , at Leicester . You know the old proverb— j " Sauce for goose is sauce forgauder . " As a member j of the _National Charter Association , 1 hold that Ij have a right to question you publicly ou this point * , ' and that you , asa member of its Executive Committee —and , above all , asa public matt whodemandshearty trust and confidence on the part of my order , who _i have ltfflg looked up to you as a leader—have a | bounden duty to perform : that is , to answer mc . j
To Thomas Cooper, The Chartist. Mr Dear ...
TO THOMAS COOPER , THE CHARTIST . Mr Dear Cooper , —I receive your letter with thanks , and publish it with pleasure . Withoutstopping to discuss the niceties of moral and political doctrines , I shall proceed at once to a comparison between our respective regard for public opinionfirst , observing that your letter convinces me that I have achieved one ofthe main objects of my life—I wean such a re . Yisiu _« r , jealous , criticising public
opinion as will watch , detect , and warn public men . For me thi _* school cannot be too vigilant , critical , or severe : indeed , I have more than once ascribed _tiie continuous truckling of public men to the foolish toleration , or too lenient correction , of a first fault ; and ibe'efore I cannot hope to erect a standard by which all save myself shall he measured . Pnbli men must either bow to that public opinion , or take a course adverse to it , and resist its progress . If the latter line was calculated to serve a principle that I
esteemed , and if I thought public opinion wrong , I would hold fast by my convictions , as I often have done , in defiance of what I esteemed error ; but in the other case , where the adoption of an opinion cannot in the slightest degree offend morals , disgrace a principle , or retard its accomplishment , I prefer embracing it . In the one case acquiescence in error would be proof of prostitution ; in the other case , adoption of a harmless and inoffensive opinion , is proof of respect for , and obedience to , the public will .
2 _sov , having said so much upon the general question , allow me to say that up to the hour of wriiing now twelve o ' clock on Wednesday , I have received jnst three communications npon the subject of my address to the electors and non-electors of Edinburgh—the one from yourself , which I publish ; the other by deputation from the Chartists of Marylebone ; and the third , a resolution passed by theSomers Townlocality . You must therefore conclude that I act wholly aud entirely upon honest conviction , not at all swayed by any extensively _expressed public cpitdon . Indeed , 1 consider , and always have
considered , perfect unanimity so indispensable to the success of our cause , that I have not _unfrequcntly done violence to my own feelings rather than be the means of creating discord . As , then , you have _thought proper to contrast our present positions With regard to newly accepted notions , and to award yourself the triumph , give me leave , without wishing to tear a single laurel from year wreath , to say that my victory k * greater than yours , "because , while you still persevere in what many consider error , I bow even to your opinion , lest opposition to it should deprive our cause of a single supporter , or arm our
opponents with a single weapon for attack . Our _reioiclng is unmeasured when those hostile to our views -will even listen calmly to our discussion , and it is bounding and overflowing when they confess themselves converts to any portion of our doctrines ; but a 3 " there is more joy in heaven over one sinner that _rcpenteth , than over ninety-and-nine just pe r so n s ¦ who need no repentance , " what will be your joy , what will be the feelings ofthe Chartist body throughout the land , when they find me ready to adopt an opinion which cannot possibly do any injury to our cause , rather than resist it at the risk of doing injury ?
Now , if I saw anything injurious to the cause of Chartism in the ballot , I would still adhere to my conviction—but as it only contains an opinion , which the present is not the proper time to discuss , 1 am ¦ willing to adopt it ; aud when I adopt opinions , I adhere to them until reason corrects them , or until time and circumstances shall of themselves have put them out of date . While I adopt this course , nongive me leave to state my reasons briefly and candidly for having introduced the subject ia mv address to
the eleeiors of Edinburgh—it was because Mr . 11 acaulay und his party profess to merge all liberal principles in the question of the ballot , and because , intending to be his opponent there , I wasresolved upon _facing pure Chartism in contrast with Whig Chartism . This stick , however , you would notallow me to keep , and I do not regret it ; and now , in justification of my past conduct , which you would _arrait'ii upon the subject of the ballot , allow me briefly to re view it , and at the same time to contrast Chartist theory with Chartist practice upon this suljeet .
In discussing the question of the Charter , I have invariably _shesm that five of oar points were based upon ihe old constitution of England , and that the ballot was an offshoot of mere WhLj creation . I
To Thomas Cooper, The Chartist. Mr Dear ...
have heard the _best speakers in the Chartist ranks repudiate the ballot even as an adjunct . At the Sheffield meeting , in 1 S 3 S , when pitted against Mr . Ward upon ihe subject , when he produced the ballotbox I christened it the " iUT-mi '; " and now for the invariable practice . I hold , and I suppose yon hold , that a Ilouse of Commons under the Charter law would be to the people what our Conventions have hitherto been . The object of the Charter is to harmonise the electoral and representative bodies . Well , then , see how Chartist Conventions have invariably dealt with the ballot . I know of no instance where any principle was involved , in which an amendment has not been put and carried against the proposition for a ballot—that the names should be taken down and recorded .
The same does not apply to any other point ofthe Charter , for the five others are , the body , legs , and anus ; you cannot lop off one , fetter , or _crampjt , without injurv to all . Imay admit the necessity of electing the first Chartist Parliament by ballot , although the vigorous and independent manr . er in which the constituencies created by the Reform Bill used their newly created power in comparison with the use they have since made of it , would almost lead one to believe that Englishmen rejoice ia an opportunity of openly manifesting , their neivly achieved power . But of thislieel assured , that many sessions ofa
Chartist Parliament would not pass before the independent electors constitutingalargc majority ofthe constituent body would demand the abrogation of the vote by ballot , and the substitution of open voting ; and for that correction by those who will then have the power , I am ready to wait . When I have move space at my command I shall prove to you irrefutably the enormous power that capital would possess over an impoverished constituency ; a power which I ma » be told Chartist law would destroy , but which I beg to observe might have the inclination , as it would have the power , to preserve the monopoly .
You are not to snppose , although TflL TIME MAY SEEM FAVOURABLE for a controversy that thi 3 has been my first comment upon the ballot ; and now allow me to quote the opinion of the shrewdest men in our ranks . We have frequently , after our meetings , and at other times when assembled _together , discussed the question of the ballot , and the Chartists have invariably declared that they WOULD RATHER BE WITHOUT IT . Again ,
the Marylebone deputation that called upon me yesterday , heard my explanation calmly , and with respect , and one of the three 3 aid , "Well , I would rather be without the baliot ; and I know that some of the best Chartists arc of the same opinion . " You ask roe why I did not oppose it at Birmingham ? What a very foolish question ' . I went to Birmingham to heal _divisions , not to inereae dissension . I seconded Mr ,
Sturge ' s appointment to the chair . I gave tie lead to others in everything . I almost demeaned myself by apologising to Mr . Lovett and hU party for any offence I might have given them . And then , to have cast such an apple of discord amongst ranks that should be united , would not have been treachery , but treason . I can speak of Birmingham , and of my subsequent conduct , with conscious delight . Can you ? But I'll go further : if there was a new Convention to reconsider the Charter , I would vote against the erasure ofthe
ballot , leaving to a Chartist Ilouse of Commons the power to deal with it ; and I think you will at once confess , that my address to the electors of Edinburgh had a right to differ , and very materially , from an address that I may offer to the Chartist public . In my address to the electors of Edinburgh , I was stating the measures that I would vote for , if returned to the class-elected Parliament ; and , without entering into a minute discussion as to the relative necessity ofthe _balht with the present suffrage , and the ballot . with tk- Chartist suffrage , I was bound to tell them what 1 would vote for in a class Parliament ; and in
that Parliament I WOULD NOT VOTE FOR THE BALLOT . I would rote against it ; and if 1 voted tor it , every Chartist in Em-land would curse my name , and denounce me as a traitor . 2 iov , this one fact alo n e shoul d , and would , have been a perfect answer to your letter—tint , in the present House of Commons , 1 woum vote for "Universal Suffrage , Annual Parliaments , Equal Electoral Districts , No Property Qualification , and Payment of
Members ; but I WOULD VOTE AGAINST THE BALLOT . In your postscript you say , that I fully approved of your exposure of O'Brien and Vincent , after the Birmingham Conference . I neither approved nor disapproved , as far as I remember , nor did I disapprove of your denunciation of my > elf ; but , as I have subsequently convinced you , many at Leicester did . But you say , you have a right tu question mc ; and that I have a right to answer "you . " 1 admit it .
Your question is , "do I say that reflection has Convinced mc of my former error , and that I avow it ? " Mr answer is , that reflection has not convinced me of any error ; but I leave to a Chartist constituency the power of takiug the mask off its own face , if it pleases . Reflection has convinced me of no error , but thought has convinced me that 1 should have addressed my appeal to the electors and nonelectors of Edinburgh , as if I had been addressing a Chartist , and not a class constituency , in order to have prevented the possibility of doubt , hesitation , or discord in onr ranks ; but then I could not have made my appeal to them with reference to the
present constitution of Parliament . Reflection has convinced me that I am right in deferring to public opinion—tliatyou are wrwigin resisting it . Reflection tells me that I ha v e bee n r i ght in denouncing minute discussion on ail the changes that Chartism would effect ; and reflection tells me that the Charter is able to take care of itself . Reflection tells me that the unfettered use of all constitutional appliances must succeed in the accomplishment of the People ' s Charter ; while conviction persuades me that the acceptance of tbe doctrine of resisting tyranny by moral persuasion only , would leave to tyrants a perpetuity of sanguinary oppression and misrule .
My dear Cooper , when you are kind enough to pluck the moat from my eye , do not , I pray you , hope that its _shadow will cover the beam in your own ? Now , I regret exceedingly that you did not put your question nakedly , and unencumbered by _invidiotu contrast—then I should have given you a simple answer to a simple question ; but when you hope to use a passage of mine , wliich you do not appear to have construed fairly , or even sensibly , for the purpose of achieving your own triumph , you must pardon allusion to it in my reply . You say that I am no Chartist : I shall not place our
respective opinions with regard to means that circumstances may render necessary to achieve the Charter in odious contrast , because I am determined not to put a peg in the wall for any man to hang his Chartist cloak upon . But if to spend every hour ofthe day , and every day in the week , in the advocacy of Chartism , be a Chartist ; if to bear with resignation the loss of friends and relatives in honour of Chartism , be to bo a Chartist ; if to sell property for it _? support , be Chartism ; if to bear with a smile the frowns of my class , be Chartism : if to entertain the
conviction that man has not only a right , but that it is ids duty to repel force by force , and that it is as much his duty to rebel against a con-apt House of Commons as against a tyrannical prince , bu Chartism ; if the belief that the autocrat of Russia will surrender to tbe scythes of the Poles what he has refused to the moans , the wails , and the tears of Polish women and children , be Chartism ; if to make a voluntary surrender of an opinion which by chance may injure the cause , be Chartism ; if tu allow others who do not wish to wear a mask to tear that mask
To Thomas Cooper, The Chartist. Mr Dear ...
off their faces , instead of doing it myself , when the bare attempt may do injury , be Chartism ; if to live for it—if to be prepared to go as far as any other roan living for its accomplishment , be Chartism—then I am a Chartist . ' Now , my dear Cooper , mark that I have given you a fuller answer than I need have given ; for it would have been sufficient to remind you that my address set forth what I would vote for in the Ilouse of Commons ; but respect for you , for the people , for Chartism and myself , has induced mc to enter more fully into the subject . I am sure you wi ' ll _tcioicc to
find that it is easier to recall one sheep who had no intention of going astray , than to drive a whole flock through the j ens that you , and I , and others , have taken so much pains to erect . I remain , my dear Cooper , An advocate for Universal Suffrage , Annual Parliaments , Equal Electoral Districts , No Property Qualification , Payment of Members , and the BALLOT , until honest English independence shall see as much safety in open
voting , and more honour in openly giving expression to honest conviction ; and w ith the assurance that you shall never again hear from my lips , or see from my pen , a word upon the subject—that is , I mean a word calculated to create suspicion , doubt , or , what may be worse in your mind , or in the mind of any other man ; and that lam further , my dear Cooper , Your faithful friend and brother Chartist , Feakgus O'Connor .
P . S . —When I meet Mr . Macaulay on the hustings in Edinburgh , before the Scotch peop le , I shall then , I trust , to your satisfaction and theirs , be able to explain the propriety of the passage to which you have taken exception ; but which , however , to satisfy you , I now retract , determined not even to create discussion , which may lead to angry controversy . Again yours , F . O'C .
^ ^ And National Trades' Journal.
AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL .
Vol. X. No. M London, Saturday, Makch .1...
VOL . X . NO . m LONDON , SATURDAY , MAKCH . 14 , 1846 . _,.. ' _•„ .. _„><* - _*« v _«™ c « «•• ~ "I I _—^——^ _^ —— - —' : — " - i . — .. - _~^—— - ¦ - ' - - ¦ - — _.. ' __ — . — __ _ ,. -. i . ¦¦ — i . - ¦— ... - ¦ _, _ ¦¦ -
103 Aches, 1 Eood, 30 Perches Op Excelle...
103 ACHES , 1 EOOD , 30 PERCHES op EXCELLENT LAND PURCHASED FOR THE WORKING CLASSES
WITH THEIR OWN MONEY My Veky _Dbau Fiukxds , — In the very hurried announcement which Mr . Clark was able to make in ihe _Northern Star of last week , by running from the Auction-mart to the Printing-ofKce , it was impossible to convey to you the cheering intelligence which I am now about to develupc to you more fully . It is said " that there is nothing new under the sun * , " but your directors , with your co-operation , have produced a novelty . They have done that which , if followed up as vigorously as it has been commenced , must and will , at no distant period , lead to the thorough emancipation of labour , and to the unfettered possession of political power to defend it . We have purchased
103 ACEES , 1 EOOD , SO I _ ROHES of superior land , within fifteen miles of London , within six miles of the Watford Station , within half a mile of a brick-field , within half a mile of a limekiln , within three miles ofa canal-wharf , where manure is brought for sale , and within a mile and a half of the thriving village of Mill End , within two miles aud a half of Rickmansworth , with a population of between five and six thousand , with an excellent road bounding it , and without one square foot of waste in the entire of tho freehold property .
The land is such as I assert , without fear of contradiction , may and will , in the course of three years , be _mado equal to the best market-garden in England . Chalk is the principal manure in use in the district , and in every field , within a few yards of the surface , there i 3 chalk . There are upon the land about fourteen acres of wheat , and ten of oats . The parties have till the Sth of May to make out and furnish a satisfactory title , or they may do it before ; and when that is done , cottages—neat cottages , with
suitable offices—not hovels—will be built without delay . The two-acre cottages will consist of three good rooms ; the three-acre cottages of four ; and the four-acre cottages of five . The laud is situated in oue of the most improved and lovely parts of England ; and there is attached to it a common-right of from three to five hundred acres . I am not sure as to the quantity , but it is not under three . The common is excellent land , and of course the occupants wiil derive their respective rights to it without any additional charge .
The directors are more thanpleased with this , their first attempt ; and I may tell you that Mr . Doy le and I traversed every Held , and tried the soil in several places in each field . I will now give you my opinion candidly of the available value of our location . I will suppose , with extra money expended upon the cottage , that the rent of a two-acre farm wili be £ 6 ' per annum , and 1 have not tbe slightest hesitation in asserting that in three years from the time of taking possession , that that location , now fetching
_JE 8 per annum , will then be worth £ 15 —a rent which not an occupant at that time would take for his holding . Now , let me apply this social improvement to our political considerations . I was in the House of Commons last night , to hear tho debate on Mr . Buncombe ' s motion ; and previous to its being discussed , Mr . Williams brought forward a motion withe better education of the Welsh people ; and I beg to submit to you one sentence in Sir James Graham ' s reply : —
I beg , says he , to assure the hon . gentleman that the measures which tlie government are now _engaged in passing for the improvement of the physical condition of the people will of themselves considerably improve their moral condition , because they will THEN BE BETTER ABLE TO ENFORCE THEIR VIEWS _Ul'ON THIS HOUSE AND THE _GOVERNMENT _TUAN THEY AKE NOW . In addition to this purchase , I am about to start , on _Friday morning , to visit 221 acres of excellent freehold land in the neighbourhood of Sheffield and
Doncaster , and if to be had for the value , and with n good title , that too will be the people ' s very shortly . However , we are now so far prepared with a knowledge that good land can be always had for Chartist money , and with funds to carry out our plan , that the directors have decided upon taking the ballot for locations by occupants in No . 1 section , at Carpenters' Hall , Manchester , on Easter Monday , when all who have paid up their shares will be elig ible to
ballot , * and those who are successful , and who may wish to add to the funds allowed for building , will have the opportunity ot giving such directions as they think proper . The directors have taken a suitable office in a respectable street , where thesecretary will henceforth transact the business of the association . In all cases tbe locations will be laid « ut most profitably for the several occupants before they take possession , and each tenement will be enclosed either with a quick hedge or single post and rail .
Let me now take a glance at what may be effected in less titan five years from thisdatc . Long before that period every member of No . 1 section will have been located : and there is no reason on earth why No . 2 section , commencing when No . I is closed , may not overtake No . 1 . They may go ou , when they see the first section , surpassing even my most sanguine _expectations , and may even be located hefore No . 1 : it all depends upon their payments . I should state that-No . I section is _nat yct complete , and that those who pay up their shares in full between iki .- and _faster Monday , will be entitled
103 Aches, 1 Eood, 30 Perches Op Excelle...
to enter the ballot list . Now , I havo no doubt upon my mind , not the slightest , that , before five years from this date , 40 , 000 men will be located upon a hvuiured thousand acres of land , with 40 , 000 good _boilfeand that the petitions of ' _"those-40 ; 0 QQ , if ° _" _ffiP _^ j _^ Mwaui , ivgo . farther ,-, then , thanithey _wouK'ik ' <' _tiuir' >' preai _3 i & t < 'opnditionj - to enforce their
KiMror intention to have a tremendous demonstration _jroph thediiy on which the occupants go to take P _^ jwi $ B « ir tenements ' , both from London and in t _^ north of England ; and I have not the slightest _doub'lupon my mind , that out of those two _demonstrations alone there will be from five to six thousand new ' -members , when they see that tlie plan is not only _practii-able , " but easy of accomplishment . The several secretaries are _no-v earnestly invited to forward'full particulars , as well of the number of paidup members in their several sections , as tho number of new members that have joined , as it will be indispensable that the secretary should be in possession of the exact number of enrolled members ,- in order tbaflic may be enabled to state to the Soeioty the time at which No . 1 closes .
Tht >; price paid for this estate is £ 1 , S 00 , but will be increased something by the purchase of a weekly annuity paid to three old people , of the respective ages of sixty-two , sixty-three , and sixty-seven . The purchase-money for these annuities will fall far short of the value of the common-right , and therefore we should be justified in estimating the price at less than £ l , S 00 ; so that the brawlers will see that hind , good hind , and in the neighbourhood of London , may be purchased at the figure at which I estimated , while it matters not to the Society whether they give £ 50 an acre or £ 10 an acre for lands respectively worth those amounts , except , indeed , that good land
is cheaper at £ 50 than bad land is at £ 20 . In conclusion , I have only to observe , firstly , that one of a society of fifty or a hundred leaving their old habitations , and coming as a resident among those who have entered into the same plan fur their regeneration , and who have identical interests at stako , canno t i m ag ine that they go far from home . Secondly , that the directors have determined upon establishing wholesale marts for manure , coals , and other articles for which the occupants would have to pay a heavy retail price , and that no profit whatever is to accrue to the Society from the retail of those necessaries , but that the purchasers are to have them retail at xhe wholesale price .
The centre room , a Kitchen , of each cottage will be tiled , and will have a kitchen range with oven and boiler ; the other two rooms will be boarded and papered . The cottages will be painted and aired , aud the lauds _suitably laid out , so that the _rt-spcctivooccupants will have nothing to do but to put in their furniture aud go to fork . Where land is purchased , and where there are not suitable roads , the roads will be so constructed that every occupant can go without interruption freni his tenement- to a road leading to the high-road ; aud although the perfect carrying out ol tho plan appears to involve cumbrous details ,
nevertheless , proper industry and application on the part of the directors will , I trust and feel confident , overcome all apparent difficulties , and satisfy those who have reposed confidence in my judgment , that I have neither misled nor deceived them . Anxious for the hour that all our hopes shall be realised , and so many of my fellow creatures shall bo taken out of the house of bondage and placed upon their own independent freeholds , I remain , my friends , Your fiiithful servant , Fkargos O'Connor .
¦Mlj3w ¦ O'Conin'klx's Plan For Disfranc...
¦ MLJ 3 W ¦ _O'CONiN'KlX'S PLAN FOR DISFRANCHISING THE 1 _'WLT SHILLING FREEHOLDERS RAISING THE QUAL 1 FICATON' TU TEN POUNUS , "PENSIONING ! THE IRISH CATHOLIC CLERGY . AND ABOLISHING THE SPIRITUAL _AH'fUOKIT 3 f OF THE POPi * IN lllELAND . "London , March 7 , 1 S 23 . "Sib , —I deem it a duty 1 owe to my respected brethren ofthe Catholic A _& oei-ition , to statu totiicm the following fact-, and to mix wild my statement some advice which is certainly honest in intention : —
" F . rst , —The bill for the suppression of the association will be read a third tune this day . It cannot get the Royal assent for some days , and it will nut he in force or operation for ten days alter it receives the Royal assent , 1 hope I shall be in Ireland within that period to assist iu such an _ari-ani _* eiiieiu as may be most suited to the dignity and the interest ofthe Catholic body , without being in any , even the _slightest degree inconsistent with that dutiful am ! ready obedience which we have always paid , and in every fortune will pay to the law of tlie land . Obedience to the law is our first duty , our nest is the peaceable and loyal pursuit , brail the constitutional channels left open for us , of that emancipation which would not be the victory of party , but would be the means of consolidating the empire , by making the people of Ireland part and parcel of the common strength of the Great British nation .
" Secondly , —I am able to state that the cause of religious liberty , which we advocate , is certainly gaining ground in this country . Much of the opposition to us I was in the habit of attributing to bigotry , and to an old dislike of the Irish . Since I came litre I am convinced 1 was in error , ami that there is'but little of bigotry _remaiiiiwif , and still less of an anti-Irish feeling . No ! the opposition to us . _-itpreseut , such as it is , is occasioned solely by an ignorance of the merits of our claims , and by the _jmindice treated by Orange calumniators , 1 have
perceived that it is quite _suiliciont to give au Englishman accurate iiifenuatiou on the subject of the oppressions under whicli we labour , and the extent ot the relief which we seek , to convert him from opposition into a steady and warm friend . The examinations before the committee of both houses in this way have done a great deal of good , and our cause is winning on tue English mind by its native merits in that friendly mode whicli is most desirable for the purpose of consolidating both countries in that cordial manner -which would increase the weidth and strength of both .
"Thirdly , —I have the happiness fo atatq my conviction that the Emancipation Bill will pass this session . I may be too sanguine , but that id my opinion . Wk CAN JiKVEll BE TOO GlIA'm'UL TO SlK FltANClS Burdktt for the manner in which he introduced the measure , and for tho unwearied exertions he has made , and is making , iu our CiUlSC , Mr , Plllllkfctt , also , I am bound to say , and I say it willingly—Mr . Plunkett litis shown himself most hearty and sincere and indefatigable in this business . I cannot bo deceived on this point . 1 can pledne mvself to the people of Ireland , that Mr . Plunkett " is doing all that man can do , and more , perhaps , than any other man but himself could do , to cabby this mi , u
" I < ourthly , —1 have further the great gratification to state that it has been _i-eumitteu to mb to draw tjik notion draft 01 " nils 1 _UJ . L _. in which I . im engaged , and _ho-so to havo it ready on Wednesday next . "Fifthly , —That this bill , if it shall , as 1 do mnMLY iiori : and _kxi-kct , pass into a law , will put Catholics and Protestants on a level as to civil rights —excepting the succession to the Throne in the present Protestant family , wliich no person amongst us ever desired to sec altered , and in which , as at present limited , wo heartily coneui ' : and execpt the offices of Lord Chancellor of England and . Ireland .
"Sixthly , —There is nothing sought for , or desired , in the way of security , isoossistkst with the doctrine or discipline of our Church . This pun of the business is taken up in away full of kindness and good sense . It is felt that to give an Emanci pation ' _llilt which , instead of _cosciliati . yo , would increase irritation anil jealousy , would bi _> mere folly ; and , therefore , the securitivs . sought for arc sought for in their proper place , naun-ly , t _' iic . _u'i-i-otionati' _giutiiude op the imsii _r-Koi'M- _- . and in such iiiTangomei't as will make ( he nomination of our Prelates essentially domestic and national , without trenching upon the canonical rights of the Catholic Ciiuiich . The allegiance of our dignitaries , which was never doubted , will thus be placed within the view of the law , but _nothiui ; at all of a veto or _vctoUtical arrangement is _soutiht for or desired . Those who are supporting the bill , at both sides ol * tho house , aro
¦Mlj3w ¦ O'Conin'klx's Plan For Disfranc...
combined in putting it forward in the most cordial and _satisfactory way I „ s ] im-t , _kmaxoipation , iv thus obtained , will bo just what all liberal Protestants , as Well ilS ourselves , have desired , namdu-ui conditional _mancipation . _> M' Seventhly , —It is proposed to make a provision by tho Bill , for the Catholic _Cli-hoy ; such a provision as would give them the means of doin" acts ol charity , instead of being almost under tlie necessity of obtaining it . But it is not intended by such
pro vision to alter or _alfectthe existing-jurisdiction of the Catholic prelates in Ireland ; neither is there any now oath required , or anything but what the must conscientious Catholic can desire . In short , if we are now emancipated , we shall he so in the true spirit of British generosity , and in a way to make every Catholic in Ireland pour out blessings upon his Pro ' - testant _fcllow-sulijecfs . I do indeed think that a new era is arriving last , when religious dissensions will cease with religious _distiblities .
Eighthly , —It has been _suggested for some time past , by many members of Parliament connected with the government , that the u _' _mive franchise in counties , but not in cities , should be raised from 40 s . to £ 5 ; or £ 10 . It is not to be raised in cities , because m- cities the corporations can make pour freemen , and therefore the counteracting qualification will be left Jaw ; besides , in cities , there are none of those overwhelming largo laiulcd proprietors , who can » wke a host of poor freeholders , and traffic upon them , as if _t / tci _) -tucrc actual slaws . The quantity of _pkujuiiy
nn < l cki . uk produced _iii counties b y the phhsbxt system is enormous ; and tho preponderating inlluonco whicli the 40 s . freeholders _j-ivo to great landholders over the resident intellect and honesty of a countv , is quite frightful . For my own part , / really think that raising the qualification to £ o , or £ 10 , _vioald add to the Catholic influence in Ireland ; hut , however that may Ira , it is not necessary to be in any haste to form an opinion on this subject , as before uny measure of this kind ia adopted , full time will he _ijiveii for doliberation , and for consulting the sound sense of the Irish people _.
"Ninthly , —It is intended to give the Emancipation Bill a first reading in about a week , and then to have it printed for circulation in _England anil Ireland ; and we shall " have full time to deliberate on all its clauses . The second reading will be after Easter . I wish I did possess any influenco in the Catholic Association . I wish I deserved the confidonee of my beloved countrymen . If I did , 1 would use it just to this extent—to implore that neither the association collectively , nor , if possible , any hutiuidw . d belonging to it , would uivu any opinion urox -run chasor of the KLKcrm : _i-kanciiise until the bill wasprinted , or until my arriyiil _iimoni'St YOU . Indeed I mean to carry with me the printed " bill , iif ' tci its first reading . I know something , I think , ol human nature ; and if 1 can jiulue from the symjitomsof tha _titiYJs , emancipation is certainly atliand .
I have made a great sacrifice in coming here : that sacrifice continues . I wish it were _tt-it times as great . I do not boast of it ; but I have been amply compensated in the strom , ' belief that the deputation has done good , 'f he gentlemen who com pose it , and especially our chairman , _Loul Killeon _, deserve , 1 think , eternal praise . There is one other cheering circumstance . 1 perceive a kind and general feeling amongst the Irish members who hitherto opposed its so vi ' iilcutlv . Believe me , they are worthier aad better men than our passions allowed us to think . I see the beginning of better days ; of mutual oblivion of the past ; of mutual affection , and real and permanent conciliation tor cite future . I _Iioi'e I may
sav" ' Erin , oh ! Erin , th y winter is past , " And the hope that liv'd _throtyli thee shall blossom at last . "' '"I have tho honour to he , sir , " Your most faithful servant , "D . _'SIKL _O'COXSKLL . " To the Chairman ofthe _C-uboJw -Association . " There now , fellow-countrymen--ejected tenantry of Ireland—poor outcast wanderers in Great Britain ! read that letter , and learn how you were driven from the hind of your birth . You can see now
who it was that laid the plan , and drew up the Bill for your _destruction , under the canting , hypocritical pretence tliatyou were all _peijura-s , and that he would help to save your souls by effecting your temporal ruin . Was them ever such an audacious letter , as that which you have just read , punned by mortnl man 1 Read tlie eighth statement in that diabolical letter , aud ask yourselves would you accept , even now , of a 40 s . f ' ranehi-e , in Ireland , from one of these "great landholders , " always bearing in mind that the ifli . freeho 'dcr * had houses , gardens , n few acres of land , and leases for throe lives , or th ' _rfy-ona yearn . Bear in mind , that when Mr . O'Connelldroit * up this Bill , of which he boasts so much , for your destruction , that there were in Ireland about 400 . 000 40 s .
_fivcholdei-s , which , upon a low average , would havo at the very least five in family , besides a few relations or friend ? , who were not immediately of the family of the ills , freeholder ; and that those together amount ill the whole to 2 , 400 , 000 souls , ihc whole of whom were turned adrift upon the wide world between 1829 ami 1331 , in pursuance of the plan proposed to Parliament by " . Sir . _O'Coniu-ll , in March 182-5 . This is what he called tho " Disfranchising wing , " and that wing was carried into effect with a vengeance . He swore in his evidence , before schct committees of both llousesof I ' .-ti '/ tiimeilt , t _' _iilt till ! Catholic 40 s . freeholders in Leinstcr , Monster , and _'Coiiwittglit were periurers , ami should therefore be disfranchised : but that the Protestant ami
_Pi-cshvterian 40 s . freeholders of Ulster were not perjurers . This is a heavy charge . Will he deny it ? No , he dare not , _b-.-cause that evidence has been printed by authority of the House of Commons . The " Clerical wing , " as Mr . O'Connell called it , lias not passed yet , but lie will get it pas . \ ed into law i f he can . The unhappy division _iWu ' eli ho lias created amongst the Irish Catholic clergy and hierarchy is the forerunner of that bill or " wing . " Mark how slyly he lays the plan for the payment of the Catholic clergy by the Crown— "That that payment , or provision , would _, _givj them the means of doing acts of charity , instead of being alwwvst under the necessity of obtaining it . " _iVoc a word about tlte corrupting iuduence of a State provision . The dovil
himself never pleaded more cunningly to cause the fall of man , than this patriot pleaded to corrupt tlte Catholic Clergy of " Ireland . . And he would have succeeded in making this atrocious " clerical wing" a part ofthe Emancipation Bill ns well as the disfranchising wing , had not the Almighty raised tip our vencnited Archbishop Doctor Murray , and tho late Doctov Doyle , bishop of tvildiwe , avid oilier prc \ ates to oppose and defeat him . It was at a _mi-eting in the parish of Saint Audeons , in this city , that the Reverend Mr . Purcell said , in the presence of Mr . O'Connell , and in opposition to his infamous proposition for a State provision for th * .- Catholic clergy - . — " May that ri p / it lianit of mine wither and fall down powerless by my side the day it is contaminated b y a _Ileyuiw Donmn . "
Do not forget , but bear in mind , that you have been told over and over again , by the man who now addresses you , that a bill to pay the Catholic clergy on the plan drawn up by Mr , O'Connell in Alarcli . _ISi-ti _, will become lasv , after , perhaps , a sham opposition to it by its projector ; and bear in mind also , that Mr . O'Coniiell has no more idea , hope , prospect , or intention of repealing the Union , than 1 have of carry ing his threat into execution by bringing 5 l ) 0 , tW Irishmen to England , to help a tyrannical government to cut the throats of my estevmed Chartist brethren . _Path-ck . _O'llmou-g . Dublin , March 0 , 1 S 1 C .
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Total Loss Of The Gkkat I.Ivkki'ooi, Stk...
Total loss of the Gkkat I . _ivkki'Ooi _, _Stkameu . — Intelligence has reached London ol " the total lo _.-s ol "The Great _Liverpool" Peninsular ami Oiieutnl steamer , which look place on the _'J-lUi uf February off Cnpe _l- 'inirterre , by gettiu-- on sho-ifs , at four iu tho morning . Tlte _caiasit'oplie _i » n \»* _u's t » havu _bu-n wholly tile result of accident . It is said that im bbmc whatever attaches to _Captaiis _M'Leod , the commander . Only three lives wore lost , although it is stated there were about one huuilrctl and fifty souls on board . Mrs . Archer , from Bombay , a Miss Morris , aged seven , and an Indian female servant , verc the three who nevished by tho swamping of the ho / it , while attempting to csuapc . Sevonty-ninc of the passengers and twenly-ono of the crew hav ,: arrived at Southampton by the Pacini , whii .-Ji also hail a narrow escape of being wrecked oh Oporto .
Third • Ebitjojt _,
THIRD _EBITJOjT __ ,
House Of Lolll)S-L*'Nw.It. . March 10:' ...
HOUSE OF LOlll ) S-l _*' _nw . iT . . March 10 : ' - THE IRISH COERCION _BIl _. L ' v- . _; Was read a tuird time and passed ; several other bills _wpiv »' nnvaidcd a stage , and the house adjouriiBa atsix o ' clock . HOl'SE OF _OOMMOKS-Fbidat _, Mams 13 . PEVElt lis I It ELAND . S ' iv ' Jamrs Giuium applied lor leave to bring in a bill toanihorise the establishment of fever hospitals in Ireland . One piovisiuu of the measure was to constitute a board " of health , consisting of not more
tlwn five members , who should sit in Dublin . It was also proposed to invest the Lnvd _liieuieu-uit with _, power to appoint , tit t ! _-e ptib ' . ie expense , medical ollicers to the various Poor Law Unions . His K : < - cellency would also be empowered to require the different boards of guardians to provide hinHhigs " , with , medical and other comforts , for the sick in their respective districts , out of rates to bo imposed for that ouroose . The operation of the bill was to continue until September , _1847 though tho Lord Lieutenant would have a discretionary power to suspend , it necessary , its force before the period tor its regular determination . _iieieiiiiiiiii ' > uii . ... . i
After a somewhat lengthy discussion , leave was given to bring in the bill . ENGLISH POOR LAW . On the motion of Sir _Jamks _GiuiIani , leave was "iven to bring a bill to amend the existing 1 onr Laws of _lingland , by giving persons a right to clmm parochial relief after ' five years' industrial residence . . THE CUSTOMS ACT . Mr . Grke . _vu then brought up the report of the committee ofthe whole house on the Customs' Acts . On the question that the first resolution should be read a second time , Mr . Si'ooskr . rose to move as an amendment that if , be _l-f-aii a second time that dav six months . Ill UU _ITiHl ii _acuunii HI 1 ID viKlb _unj OJA _IJIUUIU _?
, Mr . _'Nrwdkuatb seconded the amendment , but after an observation from _SirCr . Cleric , Mr . Spooner consented to withdraw his amendment , and it was withdraw accordingly . Several items were then read and passed . On che item being read , which proposed to reduce tha _pruseiit duty on butter mid oheese one half , Mr . Giiooas moved as an amendment , time it be omitted altogether from the tariff . The house divided , when there appeared—For _tlteamcrftiment ,. i Ill Forthe item 213 Majority - . —102 Mr . Spooxbr proposed that the items of " buttons " and ¦ ' nipper" be erased , but as ho did not divide the house _the-v were agreed to .
Sir il . ' llAi . Foiu > moved that the item " cotton hose" he erased . After some discussion , the- committee divided , when there _appearedl- ' or the motion ..... _IW ) Against it 102 Majority .... ' —5 _^ 3 It was arranged that the other items in the tariff should lie considered on Monday , and the second reading of the Corn Importation Bill on Tuesday next . The other orders of the day were then disposed of , and the house adjourned .
Cdartts't ]Mtdh'gm^
_CDartts't ] mtdh ' _gm _^
London. Exti,V:S' Rsstokation Coiimittki...
LONDON . _Exti _, v : s' _RssTOKATioN CoiiMiTTKii —This _liody met . pursuant to adjournment , at the Parthenium , 72 , St . _Martin ' _s-lane , on Weiine . < d « y eveniiiy , March ti : e 11 th , Mr . A . lluiiuibell in the Jhair . Mr . T . Chirk reported the result of Mr . _Duncoinbu ' s motion In tliu _limine of Commons , on the previous evening . On the motion of Mr . Clark , a vote of thanks _wj « _uti-Attimous ' . y awarded to Mr . Duncombe and tha thirty-two honourable members who supported hint on that occasion . On the motion of Mr . Stallwood , a similar vote was unanimously given to the editors of those papers who _« . 'iV _~ e the assistance of their powerful pens on behalf of the unfortunate Newport convicts . On th ; motion of Mr . M'Grath , the th tuks ofthe committee were g iven to Mr . Ingram , of _Alier-iitveriuv _, for obtaining " the _si-rimmi-us of the
majority m the jury who cimvicteil Frost and his coin patriots , to a petition , _prajiii" the mercy ofthe Crown to tliose unfortunate men . A Urn * discussion then ensued as to die future stops that the emr-, _-ilittee should recoiiiwiend to be taken , in whicli Messrs . Siallwond , _llo-ii-rs , Wheeler , Tucker , _Siiiiusoii _. T . Clark , _Culf-iy , _Cotiglilin , Doyle , and M'Grath took part * , and a luntimi made by Mr . _Stallwond . having been negatived , Mr . T . M . _Vi'ln . cler moved that _-isub-c- _'inmitteo of three bs appointed to prepare an addro * s to tho country on the su ' _-ject , and that such sub-eommittce shall report to the general committee on " iVedne _> d _,-iy next . The ni < _-tion was carried _mianiinuiisly . _Mc-ms . _M'Gratii , Doyle , and Wheeler were unanimously chosen tin- , _snb-t-. _ouimittee , and the meeting aiijmirni d until Wednesday ?• veiling next , March the _ISt ' a , at the Parthenium , 72 . St . Martin ' s-lane .
_Toii'Eii _IJaKLKTS . —At thy weehly meeting of _the-WTnuuH-ton and Cat _luvnlity of me Nat tonal Charter _Association , it _wasrcsoivi-d unanimously , "That the money _sinVeribed for the meeting tu li » . held at the Crown and Anchor _asain _.-ti the enrolment of the militia , he transferred to the iiestoratimi _Commitu-e for the return of Frost , Williams , and Jones ; anil that wo shall las . _propm-t-il to as _.-Ut . tin- Anti-Militia C ' _onimitti-e when required , " A deputation _, from the Broad-silk llaud / ooiii _IVcavcis' Union was received tu -jive in their report , a deputation having _pieviutislv waited on the above body concern im ; the gettittg up a petition in behalf of Frost , Williams _,, and Jones . The report ran thus : —That the Union of the silk trade could not _-im-dc lo our _rcipu-st , ir . viii" - to thu shortness of I ' _timi-.. and aiso the
_milltiplteity ol business _n'Si-ei-ting _ilio new tanfis , hut , iu the event of _a-iencral trades * _meeting , or a boroilgli iiit'fting , they would do all in their _imwer t » assist . —A Jong discussion then nrust : respecting certain parties who mice were in the _Cu-trtUt ranks , but now holding onieo in the union of tin : . silk trade , on the part they are takitnj with the I'mieccimiiscs , A vote of thanks to tht ; _ilepuiation fur the country was _j-iven : when it was moved by J . _Hiiu-twurtli , seconded by Mr , Mills : — " That this meeting do not _roeOQ . _iiUe Messrs . Shcrwu'd and Gale , vt > w a . » _itaiing tho country y / j tin- - -hit ! of tlie _rriiU'etlonisw . us hones ; , and consistent _Uhari ' _Ns . " Canied unanimously . Messrs . Haines and Davis were appointed auditors of the quarterly account of the nsswuiation . _Tli-j nomination of the '•' . - _•¦ ciiiivu was left over till _iit-xt Sunday evening , when a _--wicral meeting will be held , and a lecture iri _.-x-u by Mr . Do . vie .
M . _MtYi . Kiie . NK . — A meeting was held on Thursday _evt-nimr , March thu 12 _* h , at : h « A . _sM-nibly iiotmis , Circus-street , New-road , tocon .-ideriu _.-wthe removal of _proteefirn duties would : _du-et the _iutesvsjts of the working classes , A deputation from a liody calling tiiemselviM "The Operative l ' rntection to Native Industry Society" attended _t- > explain the objects of tho iuwtiii » . Mr . Williams , known formerly as " tue Chartist Baker , " was appointed chairman , and made a long rambling speech , but failed to convince his hearers that any other princinlis hut those he furmeny advocated , would protect the _wm-kiii _£ _elates from th « tyranny ofthe League or the _lamllwds . _Sivevai " _O-m-i-ativo -IW . _i etinnists "
next addressed the _meeting iu a similar strain ; after which , Mr , Parker _, _-nlilrrssi-d tlie _nn-iting . recommending the Clwvler as the bi st prut eetion they could idler tho working classes . Mr . Large then moved , seconded b y Mr . Goodwin , the I ' _. llo _- ving resolution : — "That in the opinion id ' this meeting , thu Protectionists and the t ' roo _tinders are equally opposed to the lights and _iiiteiv _.-. t . s of tli <; _ivm-lung classes and are consequently unworthy of thvir support ; this meeting , therefore , pled ges itself to aid neither faction , . but unite t « protect _themsoWes from the _domimition of both by _agitatiu- ; for the six points of political reform , as embodied jn the People ' s Charter . " The resolution was carried , although the chairman used even * exertion to defeat it .
Koyati I-Oiateuuxic Institution. Dr. Ihi...
KOYATi _I-OIATEUUXIC INSTITUTION . Dr . _IhiehnlVncr has been lecturing oil Astronomy in the theatre of the above establishment . His lviniults on the Ciiperiiiciiu Sjstcin , aided by cll _' ectivt- ili : i » _i-iiins , showed tlw . _iH-wrreetne .-s of the opinions ot' _Ptulriny anil 'I ' _vclio on this science . This _i-leini-ntiiry lecture , totally divested of the trammels of seieuiitic . technicalities , was well adapted to tin- , capacity « t' all _eliissis . His opinion tliat a man versed in . u _. _tronnmy , _,-tn . t _iirufi-Ksiiig to ' an atheist , nuwt \> c a nuulinnn , was cv ' _nlcllti . V most sati . st ' _ietory to tlie audhiiee . These lecture * will he continued iluving Lent . The learned Dr . was aecompaiib d _diiiing liis lecture by Dr . H ' nllis , musical director to tlds iu . tiiuticii , on a pcrfealy new and exirnordiiinrr musical iu . stiuuient , called the " Meloitian , " _inventi-ili » v Mr Cruris , a native of Dublin . The singular volume ami power of so _siiuitt audytwt » _Mc-. _minstrument iwiteil tin- sti _ecst
surprise amongst all who heard it . Its dimensions aro only _eighteen by twenty-twi , inches mill four Uf tivo inches deep , hciiiK no _inr-jer than a huln . _s' hfiring dole ; and when unclasped it presents two _cliiiiiihcrs to view . Oni ! is opened by a spring out of view , thu _mber is freed by _piv-sMMg on the chamber . On the t ,. p of the chamber _ai-tt ivory studs , in the order ,. _f _pia _/ _iofiu'ic ) _.- e , -s , ui _.-. ' i iltu llats aad sharps above , ami it lias the extent ' of four _ncunv . _s , from I * in the bass to !• ' in alt iu the _nvblo . In the act of _perforining , the motion of the » vi >! -, ! _-y tve-s . _iiur .. » ; lio _i-haii-ber . keeps up r , _eou'iuunu _. _Stl niu ' ei wind ol ) tile \ _'ibf _.-it « . | _-- _' , an _. l i „ this p ., ! -,-,, it . _iiiJ _- _.-r ., jYoi _. _-i _poriill . Iu hand _in-ti'ii" _I'iiis , an . l by _tb » iiiscielioii < . _( uk . ; _. ti _eunieipi ' iHuic . _'s ctV . c . ts fvum tliosiri ' t pas < _nue .- to the sti t . ng choral _eiiuets of tile or . an . It is _Ix-st adapted tov church music , inn , iVom it- ; nnkkuess of tvueh , rapid pni-s « _-, v > can likewise- be pci'invmcd .
Plksiunatiom.—Ml. 'I 'Vv'r.Rd, For Ii.-A...
PlKSIuNatiom . —Ml . 'i 'vv ' r . rd _, for _ii _.-any years . 1 milg ' _su-att : »| . iho Oliicf _I _' lViri ! Court , -ii l ' _loiv-.-it ' eut . h i . s resigned hi * i _. _'iii-e , ai . il In * . - _vesunaiio- ! has been _t' _-coptcil . Ai ; -. . _Ih-. _'tty , of the _L'Uiilie'h Police Court , has jjsw ) appointed ty succeed Mm .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 14, 1846, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_14031846/page/1/
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