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A THE NORTHERN STAR.' Maech , 14, 1846.
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TsZOMziS COOMBS.. TKI* G- aii*&TiST'i? \FbBXS.
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NO'i-lCE.
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The great length at whicli we have repor...
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IRE iNOKTHEKiN STAR. SATURDAY, MARCH 14, IS4C.
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FROST, WILLIAMS, AND JONES. The great le...
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THE POLISH INSURRECTION. Hack to flic st...
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PA 11LIAMENTARY REV]EW. The debate, on t...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
A The Northern Star.' Maech , 14, 1846.
A THE NORTHERN STAR . ' Maech _, 14 , 1846 .
Tszomzis Coombs.. Tki* G- Aii*&Tist'i? \Fbbxs.
_TsZOMziS _COOMBS .. _TKI * G- _aii *& TiST'i ? \ _FbBXS .
Ad00407
( To be had of John Cleave , and all booksellers . ) Just _published , TWO ORATIONS _Afi-tixsr TAKING AWAY HUMAN LIFE . UXDE ll any Circumstances ; md in explanation and defence of the misrepresented doctrine of" "Son ' Resistance .- ' ( Deliv . red in the National Hall , Holborn , on tlie eveninss of February -Jotli and March 4 th . ) Chapman , Brothers , 121 , Newgate-street . THE PURGATORY OF SUICIDES . A Prison Rhyme . In Ten Books . ( One Vol ., 7 s . Cd . ) '' Tlie most w ( _. n . urful _cftbi t of iutclicctnal power produced within the last century . " —Tiie Britannia . " Here we have a genuine poem _springing out of the spirit of the times , aad indeed out « tf the heart , and cxerience of one who has wrestled with and sufiVred in it . It is no oilier thau a poem in ten books , by a Chartist , and who W . _dry sets liis name and liis profession of Chartism on tlie _title-pase . It is plain that he glories in bispolitic . il i . dth more than in liis poetry ; nay , his verse itbutthe Tehicleofthat . faith . "Yet , nevertheless , it is ; vigorous an . ? most efficient vehicle . We must cordially
Ad00408
This day is Published , Foolscap Svo ., Cloth , Price 7 s . Od ., T HE ARISTOCRACY OF ENGLAND ; A History for the People . By John llamiideu , Juu . —Loudon Chapman , Brothers , 121 Newgate-street .
Ad00409
UCLWS PERMANENT MARKING INK . TIIE OMGIXAL , WITHOUT PREPARATION . For writing Initials , Names , or Ciphers , upon Linen , & c , for the purpose of Identity . THIS Composition unites every requisite , and is admitted to he the only article similarly used , the mark of wliich docs notiuu in tlie wash , ., (} which has given satisfaction to every purchaser , it being universally preferred for its lixity and neatness of impression . _Prejiiirtd by the Inventor , John Bond , chemist , 28 , _Long-lane , West Smithfield , and sold by most stationers , < fcc . Price Is . per bottle .
Ad00410
A GOOD FIT WARRANTED . TjBSDELL AXD CO ., Tailors , are now making up a _* J complete Suit of Superfine Black , any size , for £ 3 ; Superfine West of England Black , £ 3 10 s . ; and the very best Superfine Saxony , £ . _- _" , warranted not to spot or change colour . Juvenile Superfine Cloth Suits , 24 s . ; Liveries equally cheap—at the Great Western Emporium , Xos . 1 aud 2 , Oxford-street , Loudon ; the noted house for good blackcloths , and patent made trousers . Gentlemen can choose the colour and quality of cloth from the largest stock in London . The art of cutting taught .
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GOLOSSBTJM . —NOTIUE .-1 _'RICE OF ADMISSION DURING THE HOLIDAYS ' . ! Bay _Exhibition 2 s . Ev' _-mngDo 2 s . Gd . Childrin under Twelve ,. ls _. Stalactite _Cavu-ns Is . extra . 1 _MI E DAY EXHIBITION consists of the "Museum of . Sculpture , Graud Picture of London , Alhambra Conservatories , Gorgeous Gothic Aviary , Classic Hums , Swiss Cottage and _Jlont J'lauc , with Mountain Torrent , Ac Ac . Open from Tui tiil Tour o'Clock , EVENING . —The new aud extraordinary Panorama of _Losnos wi Night , Museum of Sculpture , Conservatories , and Gorgeous Gothic Aviary , ifcc , brilliantly illuminated ; Swiss Cottage , Jlout Blanc , aud Mountain Torrent represented by Moonlight . Open from Seven till a Quarterpast Ten o'Clock .
Ad00412
REDUCTION OF PRICES . THE Trials of tlie Fifty-nine CHARTISTS , published iu Eight Parts , at Seveirpence each , now offered in complete sets , at Oue Shilling per set . The same done up in cloth , with portrait , title , & c , Two Shillings per copy . Portraits , which from time to time have _bsenpresented with the _Abrltou Star , aud latterly sold at One Shilling each , now offered at Threepence each : —Richard Oastler , Robert Emmett , John Frost , John Collins , P . 31 . Mc'Douall , the Rev . J . R . Stephens . View of Monmouth Court House during the Trial of Frost , Williams , and Jones . The First Convention . Letters of F . O'Connor , Esq ., to Daniel O'Connell , Esq . Published at One Shilling e _. ich , offered at Fourpcnce . Pr ice Fourpence , The Employer and Employed . By F . O'Connor , Esq .
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FARMING . Just published , a new Edition , neatly done up in cloth , price 2 s . Cd ., on THE MANAGEMENT OF SMALL FARMS . By F . O'Consob , Esq . Manchester : Abel Ilcywoou _, 5 S . Oldham-street . London : J . Watson , St . Paul ' s-alley , Paternostrr-row ; and J . Cleave , Shoe-lane . Aad may be had of all booksellers and agents throughout the country .
Ad00414
EDUCATION . This day is published , demy 12 mo ., cloth , price _Eighteenpt-ncc , THE SEW ETYMOLOGICAL EXPOSITOR , or Pronouncing Spelling Book ; containing a selection of Words commonly used by the best writers , with their pronunciation , derivation , & c . By Wiliiam Hill . Much care and labour has been bestowed upon the above work , so as to make it the very best of its kind . Also , by the same Author , price Is ., the Rational School Grammar . Also , price Is ., the Companion to the Rational School Grammar-Abel Heywood , 58 , Oldham-street , Manchester : London , J . Watson , Paternoster-row ; J , Cleave , Shoe-lune , Fleet-strcet : and all booksellers .
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REMOVAL . J WATSON , BOOKSELLER AND PUBLISHER , announces to his FRIENDS , the PUBLIC , and the TRADE , that his business will , for the future , be carried onat No . S / _QUEEN'S HEAD PASSAGE , PATERNOSTER-ROW , where all orders and communications must he addressed . s . d . Palmer ' s Principles * f Nature , one vol ., Cloth . 2 0 do . do . do . in a wrapper . 1 0 Cooper ' s Holy Scriptures , analyzed 0 S Scripturian ' s Creed . By Citizen Davies 0 2 Letter opening at the Post-office , with some account of the Brothers Bandiera . By J . Mazziei . 0 4 Shelley's Queen M-ib , complete 1 0 ———Masque of Anarchy ... ... ... O 3 Central Physiology and Materialism . By . W . C .
Ad00416
WAR WITH AMERICA . NOW PUBLISHING , in Penny numbers , or Sixpenny Parts , a complete HISTORY OF AMERICA , beautifully illustrated with Plates and Vignette Engravings , from the period of its discovery down to the present time , detailing the number of distinct communities therein , the different views which actuated its founders , and the extent of territory over which it spreads , by J . Frost , A . M . The style in which this history is written is pleasant , graphic , and perspicuous : the author has evidently quoted the best authorities ; and bis _narrative possesses all _tbe-JianiM-ofaromauce , while itrecordstruthsbeyond all suspicion . We cordially approve of the work , and wish it the success wliich it so eminently deserves . — H ' _ceMjt Dispatch . Ths rmbfcllishuients consist of engravings , illustrating the _nrjst important and striking events in American annals , They are at once numerous and striking . — Morning Advertiser .
Ad00417
TO TAILORS . By approbation efllcr Most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria and His Royal Highness Prince Albert . THE LONDON and PARIS FASHIONS for Winter , 1845 and 1 S 4 G , by READ and Co ., 12 , _Hart-street , Bloomsbury-square , London ; _Ih-rger , Holywell-strcet , Strand , London , and may be had of all Book _, sellers wheresoever residing ; a very superb Print , representing tlie most splendid exhibition in Europe , an Interior View of the Colosseum , Regcnt ' _i-. liark , Londeu . This exquisitely executed and beautifully coloured Print will be accompanied with fullsize Dress , Frock _. and Riding Coat Patterns ; also , Patterns ofthe New Fashionable Polka Frock , and Locomotive
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ROYAL _MAUYLEuOXE THBA 111 E . LESSEE , UU . JOHN DOUaLASS . LEGITIMATE Week . Second week of Messrs . Abel and Taylor with their wonderful Dogs . To commence on Monday and Thursday with " Macbeth . " Macbeth , on Monday , Mr . Howard ; Macbeth , on Thursday , Mr . Neville- , Lady Macbeth , Mrs . Campbell . On Tuesday and Saturday with " Richard the Third . " Richard , on Tuesday , Mr . Rayner ; on Saturday , Mr . Howard . On Wednesday and Friday , "Othello . " Othello , on Wednesday , Mr . Bright ; _Iago , Mr . Fariingtoti . On Friday an entire change . To he followed , on Monday and Thursday , hy the " Lucky Dog ; " Mumps . . Mr . T . Lee . On Tuesday and Saturday , " Drawn lor the Militia . " Billy , Mr . T . Lee ; Natty , Mr . W . Phillip . On Wednesday and Friday , the "Omnibus . " Pat Rooitey , Mr . T . Lee ; Tommy Dobbs , Mr . W . Phillips . To conclude every evening wi _< h"Paddington One Hundred Years Ago , " in which Messrs . Abel and Taylor , with their wonderful dogs , will appear . Stage Manager , Mr . Neville . Boxes , 2 s , - Pit , Is . ; Gallery , 6 d .
No'i-Lce.
_NO'i-lCE .
The Great Length At Whicli We Have Repor...
The great length at whicli we have reported the debates in Parliament , and the glorious insurrection in Poland , has reluctantly compelled us to withhold our weekly summary . However , wc could not abridge those matters .
Ire Inokthekin Star. Saturday, March 14, Is4c.
IRE iNOKTHEKiN STAR . SATURDAY , MARCH 14 , _IS 4 C .
Frost, Williams, And Jones. The Great Le...
FROST , WILLIAMS , AND JONES . The great length at which we have reported the debate on Mr . _Duncomuh ' s motion would render any extensive commentary unnecessary , iiad not the lawyer members , and a portion of the press , succeeded to a considerable extent in so mystifying the case as to puzzle the biains of ordinary men . Of the debate itself , and the temper in which it was conducted , we shall first speak . Mr . Duncombe , in his opening speech , displayed alt the tact of a pvactiscd advocate , the shrewdness of a senator , and the feelings of a gentleman . The honourable member for Finsbury saw the difficulties with which the case was
surrounded , and the consequent necessity of limiting the debate as much as possible to the humane and merciful portion of tlie subject ; and in this lie succeeded , even beyond our most sanguine expectations . There arc men , it is true , who , with such a theme for oratory and display , would have established a character for eloquence , philanthropy , and patriotism , regardless of the damage that such course might entail upon their clients . Not so with Mr . Duxcombe , however ; for it was manifest that whenever the sudden burst of overfceling was calculated to carry the discussion beyond the limits within which it was necessary to restrain it , its expression was instantly checked ; and all thought of display was merged in public duty , and the interest of those whose cause he had undertaken .
So completely had Mr . _Duxcojihe succeeded in his judicious _opening-speech , that even Ghauam himself was melted into softness , and fettered to the stake of mercy . His speech was just such a speech as should at all times characterise England ' s Ilome Secretory . It was tender , humane , and merciful , and stripped of that repulsive Ministerial caution which sometimes leads ordinary men to look upon Ministers of the Crown as bespoke for their respective offices . Indeed , so far had Sir James _Gimiiam
committed the Crown to the release of the prisoners , that we feel convinced that had the debate closed after his speech , Mr . Duxcomhb would have abstained from dividing the house . The unfortunate member for the city of Edinburgh , however , with that distinguishing characteristic of unsightly men , which puts them out of sort with everything hitman ami divine , seized the opportunity of rending the tether of the Home Secretary , and of expanding the field of discussion commensurate with his own unbounded
antipathy and spleen . He ground his hurdy-gurdy , as is his custom , upon the old tune of Chartist 'tvo'val and Chartist intentions , with a lew variations . He dwelt , with peculiar emphasis , upon the notion of" a plebeian linen-draper establishing himself as President of an _Fnglish republic ; but he forgot the rapid transition ofabriefless pauper barrister , who pleaded in forma pauperis before the electors of Leeds so successfully as to induce them , not only to pay the expenses of his election , but eveu for his board and lodging , whilst lie imposed upon them by professions
of the gigantic performances which must result from his return ; but they have not forgotten that he sold them for £ 10 , 000 a-year ! He also had the audacity to taunt Fhost with his cowardice , buthe forgot that he evacuated the " Invincible , " surrounded by 30 , 000 excited confederates , upon the approach of lliciunD _Oastieb and not more than 200 of the working classes ! He forgot that he scampered off , leaving his supporters to secure their own safety as best they could . This man did the question all the damage that he could .
Mr . D'Isuaeli followed , and did the cause not less damage . Like all men without fixed principles or humanity , the condition of Fkost and his fellows was to him but a _rnUt , through which he saw his own disappointment , his own party , and his own enemies . He merged 'the question in the one consideration of self . The speech of Saint _Haruy I . ngus was not a SOBER reflection of his Christian heart , it was the reflex of his jolly face , more cheering upon the occasion than we have seen it for some time , He spoke rather in favour of the motion , but voted against it .
The speech of Mr . W . uaEV , in reply , was a good speech , au able speech , a telling speech for his clients , and a cutting sarcasm upon the construction of the House . The speech of the Hon . James Wortlev , brother of Lord Wiiarncmffe _, Judge-Advocate and leading counsel for the Chartists who were tried in 1810 at York and Liverpool , was just what Mr . Duxcomise characterised it—" a vindictive , sanguinary , and blood-thirsty speech ; " and , in order to strengthen the position of the Crown , this government hack assured the House , that , upon his conscience , he believed the Newport riots had been the
cause of the outbreaks at Sheffield and Bradford ! Such was the language of the Honourable James _WouitKY in the House of Commons on the 10 th of . March , 1 S 40 . Let ns now see what the . hired declarations of this honourable gentleman were on March the 11 th , 1840 , when defending those very Yorkshire Chartists . The Honourable James Stuart Wortley said , that "he had a perfect right to taunt the Attorney-General with having used _Hariusox , tlte spy , as the means of getting up this outbreak . He reminded tlie learned gentleman that the Solicitor General at Newport defended the principle of
employing spies , but he denied that there was any connection whatever between tub two cases . He unhesitatingly asserted that the government had justified recourse to open violence to change the law , by having resorted to it themselves TO ACCOMPLISH THE REFORM BILL . " Again , in April , 1 SJ 0 , when defending the Chartists at Liverpool , the learned gentleman said , " That there was no doubt of the abstract proposition that Englishmen had a right to the possession of arms for self-defence , and that , if the national compact were really broken , they had a riant to _RESORT TO _STRONG
MEASTJRES . " Now , that ' s strong language for a Minister to have used ; but , perhaps , legal ingenuity may be called to his aid to furnish a case of infraction of compact . Well , the whole of the speech of the learned gentleman at York , as well as that at Liverpool , went to establish the faet , that the COMPACT HAD BEEN BROKEN , not only by the enactment of the llcform Bill , but by the means resorted to by the Ministers of the Crown for carrying the measure . But if that is not sufficient ground , wc state the Poor Law Amendment Act as more than proof that the compact was broken .
The speech of Sir Robert Peel was a mere cautious retractation of the merciful hope held out by Sir James Graham , and a Ministerial fencing of the prerogative ofthe Crown . The speech of Lord Jonx Russell was such as , apart from all other considerations , would incline us to regard his accession to office as an assurance of the restoration of Fuost , Williams , and Jokes , and struck us as an open bid made with that very view . Such was the character of the debate , closed by a slashing summary from
Mr . Duncombe . Here he was more unfettered , aud had more extensive ground to go upon , and here he shone as a debater . His appeal to Macauley , why he had not stood up for the prerogative of the Crown in the case of the Canadian rebels , was unanswered and unanswerable ; while his denunciation ol" Mr . Woktlky ' s cold-blooded speech must have been withering to the honourable gentleman . Having _saiikso much upon the debate , we nou- turn fo a consideration ofthe two important points relied upon by the Crown—firstly , the point of law ; secondly , that
ol prerogative . In point of law , said Sir J . Graham , Mr . _"Wobtley , and Sir Roiiert Peel , the parties have but a mere fiction to stand upon , because the only benefit that would have _acei-ued from the timely settlement of the point in their favour would have been a postponement
Frost, Williams, And Jones. The Great Le...
of the trial until the informalities had been corrected . We arc not so much astonished at Sir Robert Peel and Sir James Graham , civilians , being led into this error , as we arc astonished at hearing so monstrous a doctrine propounded by an English barrister . In every case , whether civil or criminal , the whole pleadings up to execution are so many fictions , and execution executed is alone the end oi the law . Now , we will put a case in civil action . Suppose the plaintiff has committed such an irregularity in any one ofthe requisite stages as must be fatal to his cause , we ask whether defendant ' s
counsel would not rely upon such informality as a justifiable reason for diminished activity ? For instance , if the hearing of the case required the production of several witnesses from several parts of the kingdom , would not the informality in the plaintiff ' s proceedings justify defendant's counsel in arresting the attendance of those witnesses ? Now , see the parallel . The trial of Fkost , in whose behalf the point was raised , lasted eight days ; and who will say , that from more than a fiction , it may be fairly presumed that the strong reliance of counsel upon tho reserved point did not lead to less activity than might have
been otherwise used ? In fact , we arc aware that such was the case , and we are aware that the whole case was proceeded with under this conviction ; and , therefore , the only rational conclusion is , even admitting the position of Mr . Wortley , that the men have never yet been . legally tried . But then humanity , upon the part of Mr . Maule , is pleaded as a reason for this informality . It is asserted that the prisoners were rather benefited than injured by the irregularity . Let us see . The fact is , that the indictment furnished for the instruction of the prisoners by the humane Mr . Maule never reached thetu . It
was purchased from the solicitor of one of them by Mr . Powell , the correspondent of the Times , and sewed upon that journal , and not upon the prisoners , This we have from Mr . Powell ' s own lips , who , in presence of the attorney who sold it , said , in a dispute , "You know it ' s false , you know the prisoners never saw the indictment ; you know that I bought it , and paid for it , and there ' s the purse that the money came from ! " Then , with regard to the humane Mr . Maule , he was sworn upon this point ,
although the evidence is carefully withheld , and he swore that he had not given this humane instruction to any of his clerks upon which the point was raised ; when a noble-spirited young fellow , without being sworn , started up and said , " Yes , sir , you gave me orders when you were going away to serve the documents precisely as tliey were served . " This amicus _curirn was met with astern " Sit down , sir ; " and the humane Mr . Maule blushed red as scarlet . Row this fact can be proved on oath .
Upon the whole , then , quite agreeing with the fifteen judges who decided that , if the point had been raised at an earlier period , the result would , have been a new trial , we nevertheless assert that the men have never been tried . What is the reason that the law requires strict compliance with so many nice legal . technicalities in criminal cases ? It is because there is not the same extensive appeal in those cases that there is in mere misdemeanours ; and we shall ever contend , that , if there was a much less Haw than that said to be fatal by six of the ablest judges , the prisoners were entitled to acquittal . We now come to the question of mercy , which is whimsically reserved as the
attribute of tbe Crown . We ask if that course has not been taken in the numerous memorials presented by Sir James Graham ? We ask if the significance of those memorials , and their value , is not construed for her Majesty by the Home Secretary himself ? Well , then , what more legitimate course than to convey the full force of public opinion through the House of Commons to the Home Secretary , and through that functionary to the Crown ? That it has been used in innumerable minor cases is an undeniable factin fact , that it is the rule , and not the exception . Why , then , attempt to make an exception in a case in which 5 , 000 , 000 of petitioners have evinced a deep and intense interest ?
Wc shall return to the subject again , because the tone of the debate rather leads us to hope than to despair ; and because there is something due to the Til REE MILLION petitioners who have thus , in less than three weeks , nobly done their duty to their exiled friends . Who will now say that the Chartists are a disorganised bod y ? And with this observation we would conclude , wove it not for the stern necessity impuscd upon us for devoting a word of comment upon the position of her _Majesty ' s Solicitor-General . He was the counsel for Frost , and assured ns ofthe validity of the point ; and yet ,
when the case of his client was re-heard on Tuesday night , he sat as a prostitute , with sealed lips , as far as the interest of his client was concerned , but whispering counsel into the cars of his new masters . We would ask , is the style and character of a gentleman to be thus merged in the official ;? And may not the barrister , in truth , be designated as a prostitute who hires himself for tlte indiscriminate support of right and wrong ? lt was painful to see the heart that was roused to sympathy for the cold-blooded murderer , seared against mercy when pleaded on behalf
of his client and his victim . The honourable gentle man reminds us of tho Irish attorney , who was EMPLOYED for the plaintiff , but CONCERNED for the defendant . We by no means despair of the restoration of our friends , while wo return thanks for the nation to their advocate , who litis so nobly pleaded their cause against such fearful prejudices and odds ; nor can we withhold our thanks from the brave minority who supported him ; while , with God's blessing , the _Moleswoktiis , the _Brothi-uto , \ s , the
Protiieroes , the _Nai'ieus , the Foxes , the _Philupsks , and the _Cuiusties , the worst of all , shall feel the full measure of our vengeance when they dure to present themselves upon the public hustinss . Nor shall the runaways , Cobden and Bright—who skulked out of the House just previous to the division—escape . Our next petition shall be to a new House , signed bylive millions , and accompanied to the door of the House by live hundred thousand , praying for the restoration of the mon , and the enactment of our principles .
The Polish Insurrection. Hack To Flic St...
THE POLISH INSURRECTION . Hack to flic struggle—bullied in the strife , " War—war , " is still the cry— " War even to the knife 1 " . Bykon . Is another part of this paper our readers will find ample details of the desperate struggle now raging in unhappy Poland . Tho reports from that country for sotne time past must have led Our readers to expect this issue of the merciless system to wliich the Voles have been subjected since 1831 . It is now seventy years since Poland was first assailed by her robborneighbours , and despoiled of her uational existence . Iu the course of that time she lias , however , never failed to protest against tke giant wrong of which she is the victim , and " sealed her several protests with
the blood of her children . Repeated insurrections have attested the vitality of Poland , and the unquenchable desire for freedom which stimulates her sons . The insurrection , headed by Kosciusko , had been quelled but a few years when the insurrections of ISO " , 1809 , and 1812 , followed in rapid succession . The glorious , though unfortunate , _insuri'CCtiott of 1830-lili will bo within the recollection of all our readers . The battles fought , the victories won , the superhuman courage of tlie Poles in that contest , exhibited under the most tiying difficulties , need not to be recited here ; that struggle is embalmed in history , and , independent of all other historical associations , would of itself suffice to ensure for Poland an unity ins name .
Whether the present struggle vrill be more successful , or so protracted , it is impossible to foresee ; but when or lion- it may terminate , at the worst the restoration of Poland will not be lost , it will but be delayed . Although wc have occupied several columns of ouv paper with the details of the present insurrection , _s-iving , in fact , all that the German and French journals have furnished us with , wo , nevertheless , feel
The Polish Insurrection. Hack To Flic St...
that-the intelligence given is meagre , unsatisfactory , and ofteti contradictory . A number of the French journals , with every disposition to serve the Polish cause , are , nevertheless , us bad off as ourselves , inasmuch as they , too , have to depend for the most part upon the German papers , which papers being subjected to the censorship , are anything but safe guides when repotting a struggle like tbe present . The following facts arc , however , certain : —1 st . That an extensive " conspiracy" exists throughout Poland , not
confined to any one of the divisions , but embracing the entire country . 2 nd . That the city of Cracow , the ancient capital of Poland , ha 3 been taken possession of , and held by the patriots . 3 rd . That the sympathy of the German people for , and with the revolutionists , is of the most enthusiastic character , and if the Poles can hold out but a very short time—a few weeks , or perhaps days—the Rhine , as well as the Vistula , will be the scene ol revolution .
The courage and devotion of the Revolutionists must command Ihe admiration of Europe . . Men sacrificing their private property—priests stripping the churches of their treasures—the Jews offering their wealth and credit—undisciplined men , armed with scythes , combatting and vanquishing the forces of one of the first military states in the world—women renouncing the natural timidity of their sex , and , sabre in hand , encouraging their fathers , husbands , and brothers , to die for their country and liberty * . these noble sacrifices present a spectacle which must move the hearts and lire the veins of the lovers of liberty in every land _.
Not less deserving of out- admiration are the principles proclaimed by the numbers ofthe Provisional Government . Their manifesto _ayr-icaved in . ouv fourth edition of last week , and will be repeated in all our editions this week . The principles set forth in that document are our principles , the principles ol democratic Europe . Poland has been too long cursed with .. class distinctions , tho privileges of caste , the tyranny and shivery of opposite castes . This has been the source of all her evils and calamities . This made her nobles tyrannical , factious , and licentious ;
and her peasants slavish , apathetic , and brutal . But for this radical wrong in the constitution of Polish society , the several partitions of the country by the crowned brigands of Russia , Austria , ami Prussia , would never have been consummated . This caused the failure ofthe insurrection of 1 S 30 . And if the preseut struggle shall end in ruin , we are convinced it will be principally owing to this mournful factthe briitalisatiou of the peasantry , tlie consequence of the system of " privilege" which is not yet extinct in Poland .
Now , the Revolutionists propose to change all this . "Let there be no more privileges . From this moment u'C recognise not any difference . " Here is a declaration of perfeet political liberty . Again : —" Zee us endeavour to establith a community , ivherc each shall enjoy the goods of the earth according to his merit and Ms capacity . The nation shall have the absolute property of tha land , which co-day is only enjoyed by some . " Here is a return to justice—the Land declared _National Property , and each man promised the full fruits of his labour . This is what in the Old World and in the New the enlightened people demand . This is what the working men of Britain are bent upon obtaining . This forms the ever-growing , and yet to be
thentt-ausorbingques'ion in the United States , on the solution of which depends the existence of that great republic . This practical equality , proclaimed and combatted for by France in ' 93 , the Polish patriots now offer as the prize of victory . Lastly , the manifesto appeals to the Polish people to tight only against tyrants and their armed slaves— "for ive fight not against nations , but aqaiiist their oppressors . " Here is the hand of brotherhood held out to all men , without wliich true freedom cannot he achieved or maintained . " Equalitv , Liberty , Fkaterxity , " the old watchword which half a century ago thrilled the hearts of the nations , is again sounded on the banks ofthe Vistula—shall it be sounded in vain ?
What are the chances of success ? In Posen , the insurrection has been paralysed by- the arrest of the leaders . Not less than a thousand nobles , landed proprietors , and others , arc in prison , including some of the men on whom the success of the revolt mainly depended . On the 3 rd , an attempt was made to liberate the prisoners , which was unsuccessful ; but the very attempt shows that the Revolutionists are not crushed even in Posen . The accounts from Gallicia are so obscure and contradictory that , it is difficult to form an opinion of tho state of things there . The German journals represent the towns to be ripe
lor revolt , while , on the other hand , the peasantry are said to be on the side of the Austrian * , or , at lea ? , t , aiding them by a merciless destruction of their masters . At the time we write ( Thursday evening ) the latest news , as derived from tho Universal Prussian Gazette of the " th , announces that Cracow was entered on the 3 rd by tho Russian troops ; but this as yet requires con Urination . It is remarkable that this intelligence gives no particulars ot the entry ofthe Russians—whether they entered with or without opposition ; whether the patriots submitted _themselves prisoners , or whether thev
evacuated the city . If Cracow has been taken , whether forcibly or otherwise , and if also the main body of the patriots have retired without being crushed , it _wilj be but a transfer of the insurrection , likely to lead to its speedy extension . An agent of tho Provisional Government of Cracow arrived in Paris on Monday , and fie stated that the patriots meant not to defend Cracow ; that only one of the three expeditionary columns which left Cracow had been dispersed , that another had established itself on tho
Carpathian mountains , while the third ( erroneously stated to have been defeated by General Benedek ) had entered Yaroslaw ( half way between Cracow and [ jiiubevg ) , und that the peasants of that country were well disposed towards their cause . Letters from Coin-land of the 2-ith ult . state that , in Semogitia ( now the Government of Wilna ) , tranquillity prevailed , but the province was ready for revolt ' . Success iu that direction would be of the utmost importance , because it would facilitate the arrival ot arms and stores .
hut whether victory or defeat shall be the result of this struggle , the people of this country have certain ditties to perform irrespective of all such considerations . Ri » ht is ever right , independent of success or failure . The Polish patriots have right on their side ; and he who aids them not , by every means in his power , is a traitor to the human race . We commend to our readers the eloquent address by the Poles to the Prussian people , which address we know is heartily responded to by our German brothers , and which response they will give evidence of ere long , if this struggle is not immediately brought to an end . The greatest agitation pervades Germany , and it is with difficulty the revolutionary gnirit is held in
check . 1 * ranee , paralysed by the libevtieidal sway of Louis Philippe , at first . Viewed this manifestation of Polish life with apathy—but that apathy exists no longer . A committee of eminent men has been formed to watch over aud aid the insurrection , and all the liberal journals arc devoting their cnei "' ies to influence public opinion in behalf of Poland . " Subscriptions of money are pouring h , ; 1 UHi s 0 uu . is public sympathy awakened , that even the aristocratic Opcra-hous' _. _-. is occupied by armed police b prevent the audience expressing , by their cries , _retard for Poland . What are we doing ? What manifestation has the British people given of their sympathy with Poland ? Hear what is expected of us ' - —
Wc _ilcmnmi , says the Counter Francois , the intervention of the governm ent in favour of Poland , an inimiditite _inti'i-vi-iitiou by anus should it he necessary , for the moment of _sieiiou is come for France aud fov the government . If war alone can save Poland , we wish for war . In such a holy war every chance would be in our favour . We should have all Germany with us , we should have Hungary , Italy , Uoliemia _, and all nations which possess neither independence nor liberty . 'IVs / icmW have England with us , and of this we shall have the proof to-morrow by the English journals , which will spent ' -of the sympathies excited in London by the heroic tjf ' orts of Ihe insurtjeuU of Cnicow . But wliy ( lo wc speak uf war ? If M . _C ' uh ' . ot had the least courage ; if ho were tin : real minister ofthe i evolution of July , Ai . (' limit Wfnild save Poland , and we should not exchange a hall with the oppressors of that noble
The Polish Insurrection. Hack To Flic St...
| country . Send 50 , 000 men to the Rhine ; , send 59 , 000 men to the foot of the Alps j let your fleet keep tl 16 _passage free across the Black Sea , aad that will be sufficient . Let us not be told of the power of Austria , or of Prussia , or of Russia , tor it is evident they would be at your mercy . Y . iu become atonce tlie arbiters of Europe , aud the present mendacious balance of power iu Europe would be changed for one strongly constituted on the un . perishable principle of our two great _revolutions . Alas ! the English journals , the Courrier Fruneais so confidently looked forward to , would give no sign of 1 _Iritish sympathy with Poland , with the exception of one journal , the Morning Advertiser . The
rest oi the London daily papers either advocate tlte cause of the oppressors of Polaud , or abuse the patriots far what they call their "ill-timed , " "ill-advised , " " unfortunate , " " hopeicss , " & c , struggle . If , then , there has been no manifestation of public opinion ia this country , the people are not so much to blame as those false leaders of public opinion , the journalists , who , instead of creating and guiding , too often kirU or mislead the public mind . There is another party whose silence is inexcusable ; we _speak of the men who have been accustomed to patronise the Polish cause . Where is Lord Dudley Stuart , and his aristocratic friends ? Where isHr . Bowm . no , and
his liberal friends ? Why has there not been a metropolitan demonstration before now ? liven yet shall there not be one ? Excepting the conductors of the press * , we reproach no one ; we ask their sympathy for Poland even yet , at the eleventh hour . The parties we have mimed tire men cf wealth and influence ; and therefore can best take the lead in this suggested manifestatiog of sympathy . But to the people we also appeal . " For our liberty and yours , " was the motto of the Poles , and still is . Workiiii- men of Britain , their
c iu = e is your cause , the cause of univ . rsal freedom and justice . If you cannot give physical aid to your brethren , at least give them the moral aid of your sympathy . If you cannot give pounds , at least givo pence . Money is wanted and will be wanted , end however small the sum given , the giver proves by his gift the sincerity of his sympathy . Let not our French brothers shame us . Let us , too , have our subscription , Who will be the first to give a pound , a shilling , or a penny for Poland ? We are poor , but wc will not be the last .
Wc abhor war , we deplore the fatal necessity i ' o the struggle now deluging Poland with blood , but on the heads of Nicholas and his fellow-tyrants be tec responsibility of the blood now flowing . By the u * robbery of a nation ' s rights—by their savage persecution of a noble people—by their flogging of women and destruction of children—by their war _against thought , and the other hellish means they have employed to establish tyranny in the place of freedom , ignorance in the place of knowledge , misery in the place of happiness , and barbarism in the place of civilisation ; they have provoked , the present struggle , wliich we _Ctirncstly pray may result in the discomfiture of the tyrants and the triumph of their victims . Blood shed in such a cause is well shed ; may it cot be poured in vain !
" Though foul are the drops that oft distil Ou the field of slaughter , blood like this For liberty shed , so holy is , It would not stain the purest rill That sparkles in the . bowers of bliss . O ! if there bu on this earthly sphere , A sight , au ottering hesveu holds dear , 'Tis the last libation liberty draws From the heart that bleeds and breaks in her cause
Pa 11liamentary Rev]Ew. The Debate, On T...
PA 11 _LIAMENTARY REV ] EW . The debate , on the motions of Messrs . _Exwall and Giiristik _, with _vcfei-ci ' ce to the Andover Union , tad tiie conduct of the Poor Law Commissioner !* , scarce ! ' ' falls within the retrospect of the week . There were , however , some circumstances connected with it , w'aich , taken in connection with the brief notice we C 0 ' . " . ! . l only give in our postscript last wee ' . * , will warrant a few additional remarks . At the time _theinq-: hy took place into the mingled tissue of cruelty rsA lust which spread disgust and indignation througkat't the country , we were of opinion that h would _inllk-t
the most deadly blow on this infernal law which kid ever previously been aimed at it . Tiie result l _^ s justified our expectations . Disgraceful as were til revelations made during the inquiry at Andover , under Mr . _Pakkeii , the political turpitude disclosed on the part oi * tlte men in office far exceeds it . The Cerberus of Somerset House stands not only _convicted of systematic and relentless warfare against honest poverty , but of meanness the must distrusting , falsehood the most infamous . The conduct of tee Official Administrators of this exquisite specimen of modern legislature _woal-i have been bad in the superlative degree , had Sir James Giuii . _'M not been in
existence , and Secretary at the _Ilonio Oflice . We ail recollect Punch ' s apt and striking- picture of " Peri ' s little Dirty Hot , " in whicli the right _hotiourctie baronet ' s penchant for dabbling in tiie sewers was so graphically p „ urtraycd . He has quite a genius lev dirt , and contrives "in tiie luwe . _* . c depth to liiul it deeper still . " In tlie debate on this subject all the peculiarities of the Guaii . \ m idiosyncrasy were _brosglit into full play , lie _bagan by trying to stop tke eiscussion altogether , by _snetTJ «» - at the matter as a mere " workhouse '' squabble in the south of _Mv . ilaml , " _finilpatheticallylaniwiting "thatsomp . cuoi * the prec . ous time of the House should Ue wasted" on such a trivial subject ; and _ihen proceeded to explain
and _jie-tify , in his pecuiiar style—admitting here , qualifying there , ami insinuating in the other placeuntil he thought his usual point was gained , that U mystifying the Douse , and raising a cloud of da _» : under cover of which he might escape . Upon _tuk occasion , however , lie had tu deal with p ; , ities wiw were not to be thrown _oll'the scent . Tu Mr . Chris . ' : ; especially we arc indebted for the re-produciivn ia Parliament of a , " peep behind the scenes , " given by the dismissed Assistant Commissioner P . \ B !\ i : _* ii which is of a most edifying description . Words woi : ' tl only weaken this account of a rehearsal at lite _lioiao Oliiee , prejiavatory to au appearance Oil till ) floor 0 St . Stephen ' s , in reply to some ugly question or other . It is taken from tiie speech of Mr . Christie : —
lie would rend to the house a memorandum of the co _.-svernation which tool" place between _Jlr . Parker and _:-: > _'J . Graham , when the former called at the Home-office _ty desire of Sir James . Mr . Parker assured l : irn ( iir . Christie ) that the memorandum to which he referred wi substantially correct , that it was made imuu _dh-. tcly _ai _:-. r the conversation closed , ami that his recollection _lwJ not since thtn _lurnisheU him with auv aiWin ., ual _particulars whicli could in any respect te consider ,., material : — After _aJreniaff to tho facts disclosed in the _depositions , _fc , r James observed- ' 1 VC £ tllt , aill „ ie no .. ; vi Commons that the commissioners cannot _pix-reut the boards ot _pusmw from employing the inmates of wo . _k-^«^ bo «« r ™ Wng ; l WBi ri Blllin wwtosMi
"Mr , _Fai'luT _.- —I think uot ; I havo no doubt _whatever that the commissioners possess authority te issue regulations b y which such labour may be put ou « propel footing . "Sir Jav . _h-c . —Is that so ? Are you sure you are right ? ' - Mr . Pavl _' er . —I am very _contidentin my opinion . 'Sir Edmund Head , one ot the Poor Law Coiuii'i- *
s . oners , was announced , and Sir j aiues Gni | iam : td Oi . l ., 1 What he had said in tl , e Uouseori ; 01 „ mo „ sre > pee _:-uig the powers of hoards ol _guurdiaxs to uiuplov the i » - iimte . of worthowcj in Lui . cciuvlm _,- „ _,,, ¦•; _,., _, < i ! r . _lili-Uer says he thinks the commissioners have power to coutroul this kind of labour . " * ' Sir Kdmund . —I think we car , do so , but"Sir James . —I do not like tiiis kind of _euspiovnicnt in workhouses ; we shall have s _„ _- « e _emiiouwleu _uUtuvU-tincti about it .
" Sir Edmund . — I .-nil sorry to hear vou sav so . "Sir Jame « .-Tc _« ; this ca > e _wilf l , Mwk . uutrai ! c toi- . he i .. - . i e * for the ncNt six mouths ; hll vou have not connteuauced this _HMcriptioi . offcuW , have vou -I _^ ir Ed . mmd .-Ko , hut v . e have » k discouraged it . Mr . 1 _tukvr , _hauir _- iug !> ir Edmund a _coj _' v of the commissioners' order mmtiin ;; _wajtaicvs and Mich casual paupers to break a certain quantitv of bones before leavuur the _Amlovcr woiltl . ousf , in return an- a night ' s _loi _' _-SiiiS and food , said In the cast- of mendicants , such labour has been directed _i-y an order or i 1 : j _coimnis-S _. onors , upon ; ht _entitieat-j ot tlie sur _^ _reoi : ttiut it was innocuous . " " Sir dames ( _cil-iu . _-. ' the paper from Sir Ecamnd ) _, ' '»" that so ?—uiiv it makes ihe case _ivorsiv
"Sir Edmund observed , that he _regrettrd that Sir James _enio- _'taiaed such an opinion , and that he did » ut think such iabuur could be abandoned without g iving otiV-iicc to boards of guardians . " Sir- James . —Now , wi , ; , t am 1 to tell the horse a ! 'Uut tiiis business ? It _ictK neeer do !•> vnulKC Mr . /' _"ir-vi'l'V _''' port aud tha _ditiosllious . J ; ivU ( e ' . { _jwi refc . _i' . ( _iriU . s _« u- l will begin by udveitiu ;; to _bouc-citl > iiiugi ! i _norl'liouS _"* 5 ' then go on to say that 1 lost in . lime in i : i . iuiuuiiic . ii ' ,, '> with Ihc _wiuiiiisiioiA-rs , who '' crV _^ with _tculicd that no ' u
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 14, 1846, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_14031846/page/4/
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