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UNITED STATES. rtj 5AIWXAI. BKFORJC COSV...
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AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL.
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VOL. VIII, NQ. 396, LONDOmT sATURDAY. JD...
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Craw #»ttnmts*.
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THE TEN HOURS' BILL. 1MPOHIAAT DELEffATE...
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Bi-lSton Miners.— A few days ago an opon...
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Transcript
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United States. Rtj 5aiwxai. Bkforjc Cosv...
UNITED STATES . _rtj 5 AIWXAI . _BKFORJC COSVK _* fTIO *< TOR TUB _fCRPOSE
01 ? _OBHASISIXO AS _DmOSTEUI . COSORBBS . _Ybis Convention met , _pursoaat to the call , at _Cro-M onthenwmin |; oFthe 5 _tb . of May . There _ise _aboutmtfpersons - present as _delegateafrom _^ _red societies . _^ 3 ie meeting was called to order by Alrin E . Bovay , _^ _actary of the _National Reform _Asaociatiou ; and _Iggr theappomfeaent of L . W , Ryckman , as chair _joau , pro tan ., it was resolved that all persons -who _JJ- _jjjfll to take part in the proeeedina * ofthe _Confgntion , misht do 80 opon giving in their names to _^ secretary . _Uea _-as . Evans , Bovay , Pearson , _YTiteOD , and _Allai _jsa were _apoo-uited a committee to Dominate officers _jad pr _ejtareralesfor the Convention . jjessrs . Parke Godwin , Ry . * kman , Bovay , Thorn-Wg h , _&& _-j * _^ _ere appointed a coinmittec to _{^ rtiesolaiio-aa . The Convention then adjourned , to meet at two t _& ., then the wmmittee reported the following gentlemen as officers ofthe Convention : —
J . p . Pearson , of New York , President . L . _V . Byckman , of Brook Farm ; John _Speak-Ban , Philadelphia ; J . _T ) . Thornburgh , _ofPittsburgh ; V . C . Treadwell , of Brooklvn ; _Kansom Smith , of jfew Tork , Tice Presidents . " L . Masquerier , of _Bnshwisk , L . L ; G . W . Robbbis , oi _HoffidaysbuTgh , p . Dr . _dewberry , of New York _, Secretaries . The _noj-oinations were carried nnanimoBsly . Pause _Gonwis , from the eonanittee en resolutions , reported a series of resolutions . Mr . Godwin
sunported the _resomtiona bv a few pertinent , _thon _** rather general remarks . He said that the time had come when men should meet - _^ iher-witn an eye angle to the good of all—not to build op this church cor that creed , bat to establish , a universal church , enhi * aeing all , and having for its object the elevation of _pwr , _fidlen _huma-nity . And , although he might diner " with tiie majority of the persons present , yet all who aspire to a better state , and who strive to meliorate the condition of their fellow men , though differing somewhat in creed , have something in common .
Mr . Allabe 5 , delegate Horn the Anti-Renters of _Df-lavnue comity , was then introduced hy the President . —My fellow citizens , I am a member of the _Equal Rights Society of Middletown and _Roxbuiin Delaware county , and I assure you that tiie democrats oi tiie inland comities sympathise with you in yonr great movement ; and that you may _understand the peculiar views o f tho equal rights men of Delaware , and learn to sympathise with them , it will be my privilege , as their representative here , to explain them to yon , and show in bold relief the grievances tinder which they labour : they are opposed to the present leasing system of this state , for it is a relic ofthe old feudal ages , when the few ground the _oas _-jeste the earth , with the iron heel of oppression ;
it is anti-democratic , for it places the tenantry , who constitute the great body of the population , entirely _% t the mercy of the landlord . For instance , _snuoose jo-Be poor Mow , an honest and industrious tenant , should , after years of -persevering industry , which had doubled the value ofhis farm , be prostrated on a bed of _aekr-es _" , or his land , by the visitation of Prowdace , fail to yield its anneal supply , and he be mt-3 b ! e to meet his rent , what is the consequence ? Why _iae landlord can re-enter , and the poor tenant be stripped of the labour of years , for the improvements q > with the land . This , however , is not the worst _isjttct ofthe case , nor the one of which we most com plain . In Delaware and some other counties , land is heidbv a _tanure differing somewhat from the
ordinary—it is commonly called the one generation lease _, fa these leases are reserved to the proprietors of the Und all mines and mining pri . vilfige 3 , all mill seats _aHdiaaiprrnl- _^ _wMimmaybeuponthesoil ; _consequemlv , if a farmer - who "holds one of these leases is so ¦ unfortunate as to discover npon Mstarmamine of any description , his farm may be riddled through and _throa-A by roads to the mine if it suits the landlord , and the poor tenant has no redress ; another thing , one third of the sale money of the farm _im-? _rsrementa most be given to the landlord—let me aslant . - if a tenant' s lease is unexpired and he Irishes , for instance , to move west , he roar , upon _, written permission , under seal from his landlord , transfer the reniainderof his lease to another , and |
sell to him his improvements , but the _landlord under thc terms of the lease is entitled to onetidrd of the money for sttch _mpwvej-aents . Iwould , however , remark here , that all the leases do not say one-third part , some say one-fourth , one-fifth , and so as . To sum np , the terms are these—twenty bushels of wheat to the _lan-Jlfiird-jraonehundred acres of land , " _tha-ess and egress all mmes _. _urdllseaia _, < fcc _., with _suffideatlandaboutthem ; andone-fiirdofthepurchase monev for the tenant ' s improvements—all to the iandloTd—and for all this the tenant has kind permission to till the soiland breathe the air of heaven . Aad "would - von know tha _a-rg-umeuta thelandisirds give when thev are asked if it is not unjust to crush their fellow men to the earth in this way ? Tou
ought to pav , because you agreed to pay , and because _voumust pay ; this is what they say , and when the Ussec dies , the land reverts to lus lord , the owner . Bat , _feflow-ritizens , thc democracy of old [ Delaware have detennined that the land there shall never rcrertto the landlord withoutconsideration . ( Cheers . ) And for that particular purpose the Delaware Equal Bights Society was founded . I have never bowed the knee to a privileged class of men , and I never wilL The landlords are a privileged class . In _thenratplaccheishisownvntaessm swearingouta TOttodfefaainforrent , and if thepoor-tenant beheves that landlords ought to collect their debts like other people , he has no remedy but to replevin , and thus _"Ita matterafter _lonsdefc _^
, for the first time before a jury , who then decide , perhaps a -vear after the tenant has paid the money _jutegedtobedos , ifthe landlord was warraBtedin ffctraining . They have precedence of all other classes of creditors : for instance , and I will suppose the strongest case—a tenant borrows of a neighbour a sum of money ; thisneighbor , _desirousof assisting his friend , and yet wishing to secure himself ,, takes a mortgage for theamount on the goods and chattels of _theboirower—hehasitrew _-rdedregularly , and thinks heis safe ; but no , inamomen _^ "m th e twinklnig of aa ere , down comes the landlord , like a hawk , with a distrainer for rent in his pocket , _andsweeps all away Again , suppose afenaat borrows of _anemhboiu-isome f _^ _mTn _. »; rnnlMnents touse fora few days ; woe betide
_f-JnTaud lus poor neighbour's pkragk ; if his _tadlord has an execution agamsthim thatommpotent _lnstrunentcoversaH , andaway they go to * _sflcrinee . Ihe landlords obev pretty feithmlly one conunandment , to multiply andreplenishtheearth _, but they _areentirely oblivious of tiie other—to get their bread by the sweat of their brows . They think the tenantry can keep that _eomm-a-adj-nent for -them . The tenanttj ot Delaware arehonorable men , and they would _notasK ordowhattheyconaderwrong , andyctthen * minus arefiillymade up to abide hy tiie principle of anti-rent thr oaghgood and evil report . Mr . Ricks-jet , of Brook Farm , then _^ dr _eKed tiie oeeting . He said that from a careful mvestigation of die _faenlrifis which God has bestowed upon man ,
and his er aacity for happiness , he had arrived at the conclusion that aH the misery which we see and wafch mav occur , arises solely from obstructions placed between the mate : * ' elements and man . Our _kwsare-ifl _^ _cnlatedtop ' - : aotemonopoly ; they are _oniamal , and consequcaJy unjust . The same _pruidples of monopoly , force and fraud , which _cnaracterisestiieBritiAgovernmentj characterise our own to a great extent . The great evil appears to be that the masses , the productive classes , are in a _thonsand ways taxed and impoverished wimora _auBQuaterepr esentation . _Th-yarenotta _^ _Mit wer _^ direcfly , but bv _accumuhUed _-nacninery and _aMumuiated -capital , -which crush the very form of humanity out 9 f theworkine classes , and it becomes usnow to stand
Bp for the right . We have to organise for a revolution peculiar , in its character , and our means must be peculiar . A plan for an Industrial Congress will be submitted to you in the course ofthe deliberations ofthe Convention , which , I trust , willmeet the views of aU . If onr plans for tiie melioration of man succeed , we will want no custom-house , no navy , no " ¦ ray , nor any sneh thing—all men will be kind , cou rteous , and good , and everything be blessedness toil peace . We would _repe al ! naturalisation laws , ¦ _jjod make the elective franchise depend upon no use-« u industry . He -who could prove that he was use _wfiy employed , might vote , and none othets .
Mr . Evass , the editor of _roun _^ America , men _au-* h « 53 ed the meeting . After saying that , _asiidmost aii came with someimvourite reform , it would be _newaarv , in order to effect anything , fo discuss the _f-awns plans fairlv , and endeavour , _as"n _»« h . aspoffii Me , to meet each other ' s views , and then . decide what _•^ _mto , if any , could be carried to the "ballot-box . , lie _•^ dflutaeifational Reform _Associationnwintained tla thepossession of _fte _puhucdumam by -foe people _^ _"hj ! _Wnsablfitothem-taO }* _dp-H ) i _^^ _•^ dthat to carry out tbis plan of salvation , they " "at elect members of Congress _thoronghlyimpreg-**&¦ wth the doctrine — ilxav 1 nnifVi ¦ i — jt %
. .. _„ _. c . _ " •« _u *> '" _—» _^ .- e . - _*&• • Taws , delegate froni the Social Refona bofte _lY , then addressed the delegates .
. EVEKEfS _SBSSIOa . , . _^ address was delivered by Parke Godwin , onthe sn e _<* of labour . m n . _Meved and carried , that A . _Brisbme ,, L j _W . Ryck _^ . B . Davis , A . G . Kudolph , F . C . Treadwell , _p _' _-t'iaron Kline , be a committeeon an Indnstnal _*| S _" and carried , that Wm . H . Ghanning , Geo . *¦ _ETans , Mr . Moon , G . W . Robbins , Parke _God-^ an dflaniel Foster , be a committee to prepare ¦ _o . Address . A diourned tut nest morning at ten o'clock . - « fiECOSD MX . . . _„* _aa -oj > ftua ! ig _seasajm _vsas Kmsumea in _aesinwry f _^ _fte _**^«* nooB , _* a » President in thediair , the _^• _ngresolutionsirare offered by Mr . Ryckman : — _J _^ t firi » _Conrantitn gratefulr / _, deeply , and e _** _x-seitfy 1 % _^ _ai tothe sablinu molve of the _lowell Convention
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ia favour of the institution of an Industrial _Congnssof the United States , _bfiliering- that every heart that claims a better future for humanity will receive it as we do , as a certain indication that the way is discovered , the hour almost arrived , and the man now filing , who , as thc exponent of ihe sentiment of the American people , shall eradicate the principles of monopoly , force , and fraud from all our political institutions , and establish them upon tho eternal foundation of truth and justice . that we will , to the utmost of onr ability , aid such measures as may be adopted to carry into full effect said resolution of the Lowell Convention , pledging our allegiance toth ed
e proposIndustrial Government , provided that the constitution , under which it shall be organised , shall be universal in its philanthropy , Christian in its morality , and democratic in its policy . After some remarks from Mr . Ryckman in support of the resolutions , they were adopted unanimously , and the Convention adjourned to meet in the evening at half-past seven o ' clock . _. The Convention met accordingly , and the follow ing resolutions reported by Mr . Godwin yesterday after some debate , were adopted : — That we recognise the doctrine of the inherent dignify of man , and his capability of infinite progress , as a fundamental basis of all true efforts at reform .
That the evils which oppress the worldng classes are not somuch the result of individual selfishness or perversity as of the wrong constitution of society , and that it is the highest 'interest as well as the duty of all men to inquire aa to the best means of perfecting tbe social organisation . That the existing form of civilisation has been wrought out by the slow and toilsome labour of an enslaved and degraded race , and that from tbe outset of humanity upon this earth until the present slavery has existed , though constantly changing its form , and that such arc the inevitable tendencies of modern society at this moment that thc many are more and more subjected to the few .
That the _equality of men before society and the State is the theory of the institutions of this country , but that this equality has never yet been realised , and is removing more and more from a condition of realisation , and so long as the masses continue in their existing state of separation , incoherence , and antagonism , there will be no end to the perpetuity of human bondage . That every man , by the fact that he is born into the world , is _eadotrea with certain inalienable rights , among which ase thc-right to life , ana _uuaertne law , "do onto others as ye ivould they should do to you , " to the unrestricted use of his liberty , a right to the use of the material elements necessary to Gie support of life , and a right to the complete and integral development of all hit faculties , physical , intellectual , and moral .
That the right of mankind to the son . is evident from the Scriptures , from the nature of man , from his inability to exist without it , and from the deleterious effects which eighteen centuries of irrong have shown to be the result of societies _vhich do not recognise this right , and that we consider the great failure of governments to provide for the wants of all their citizens to have originated mainly in their neglect to guarantee to the race , generally , their rights to the land . Mr . Bovay then offered a resolution , stating in effect that as National Reformer they would use the pri * o > _ciffai agent of the State , th _? ballot box , as a means of effectinelevation and progress . Mr . Bovay said that the National Reform Association was political in its character , and in order that this association may co-operate with others , it must resort to the ballot box .
Mr . _Bsjsbasb , the apostle of Association , was then introduced by tiie President , and spoke nearly as follows : —This is a Convention called to raise the working classes , who now claim a chance beneath God ' s sun to assert their inherent dignity . When a movement is commenced it behoves men to know of - what they are talking , to understand fully the nature of their grievances , and seek for an intelligent mode of reform . What do the labouring classes want ? They want justice eternal , everlasting justice , and nothing else . They desire happiness and intelligence , to emerge from their present degraded state to the position which God has destined they should occupy . What is the error we have to strike down ? False politics and one-sided legislation , that it is ; and that
jaekall , the law , the minister of the error , which is CTOshmg _*& etoinngmulions . ( Cheers . ) With hell ish impiety tiie myrmidons of evil call on God to bless and sanctify—the pale-faced hypocrites ' . —the very means which " they use to knead down the blood and bones of then * fellow-men . There are in the "United States two thousand presses , controlled by commerce , politics , and the law , which have but one object and aim—to deceive the millions ; and it is no wonder that the working men are so blinded to their own good when they receive as gospel _^ day after day , the doctrines and assertions of their bitterest enemies . There is another tiling wliich the toiling masses have to contend with : it is the commercial and industrial feudalism which is forming , and
which will absorb all things—the soil , the workshops , and even the implements of industry . We see this state of things making rapid strides in England , where the mechanic works from fourteen to sixteen hours a-day , locked up in a room where eren thc windows are closed , that , the light of day may not enter . In Lowell we see it , where six thousand girls , the daughters of freemen , are sweating out their fives , that a few rich pious Boston gentlemen may amass fortunes . We see in all this a feudalism like that of the dark ages . Wealth is the god of our day , and its acquisition the chief end of life . All are striving for it ; andinthestrugglesocietyis torn and convulsed—selfish , narrow , and fiendish feelings _engendered—for the motto of all is , " The devil take
the hindmost ; " and , instead ofa heavenly harmony , making it " _aluxury to be , " jarring discoid sows disunion and misery into the hearts of all . _fcow , what is to done ? We must organise to stop the progress of this feudalism , and that is the only true method . Again : free competition , or felge envious rivalry , is another great obstacle of social and political advancement . It separates the _kbouring classes from each other , sets trade against trsde , and pave 3 the way for the utter subversion of every kindly and benevolent feeling . It arrays the _thBUflhed artisan of one laud against the starving operative of another—it prolongs the hours of labour—it cuts down the price of industrial productsand will bring down the working man of our
, own country to the level of the European serf . Monopolised machinery , a terrible engine of oppression , is yet another impediment to progress . It wars with the fearful energy of iron and brass with the bones and sinews of labouring men . The present false and ontrageons system of commerce is the bloodsucker of industry . ( Cheers . ) The merchants are nothing more or less than the vampires extracting from the producing classes at least one half ofthe products of theirlabour . _Conimercealsoadnlteratestbearticlesof consumption—poisons them as they pass through her hands , and by the force of monopoly creates at will plenty or scarcity in the land . The scourgers ofthe world in our day are not kings and pr iests , as in the olden time , but the merchant and the broker to
The fourth great principle with which we have contend is the divorce of labour aud capital * . they are twin brothers , and should be united . Capital is only the accumulated products of past labour , and . the labour ofthe past and present should be brought into co-operation . This unnatural divorce produces , like other evil principles , hatred and sorrow in society , but what does the capitalist care so long as he accumulates the almighty dollar . He will lay deliberate plans to murder his fellow beings with hngcnng tortures , by building dungeons , types of the chris tian ' s hell , where every foul disease is engendered , for them to work in—where life is ground out of humanitv amidst the jar and crash of niachinety And while the capitalist lives in a luxurious palace , most
with everything about liim that can satisfy the ' fastidious taste , the poor operative crawls _' to his unhealthy hovel , after a hard day ' s work , to rest for a few hours his aching head , with nothing to console ! him or make hhn take heart . To him life is a weary load ; and were it not for his pale , sickly wife , and puny , half-famished progeny , he -would long to be where the wicked cease from troubling , and the weary are at rest . But there is _stht another great principle which rears its evil front between the _workmgdassesand-tJuOTredem _ption—itkchsglegishtion . Legislation is in the hands of a privileged few—the merchant , the politician , and the lawyer ; and they combined , control almost every press in the United States . The lawyers- _^ -quibbling , narrow-minded lawyers—are all that is bad . And so much the slaves of precedent ate they , that they carry onsuiuuuu «
out hell , because tne - u _= _«« _™ . .. must take out of their hands the lenslation of the country , and pat it info the hands rf p _*** _" _* _" * _£ dustry . ( Cheers . ) The Boston Pharisees make their hands work fourteen hours a day , and after exacting this , go to church and bless God they are not _asotifermenT Asav _^ -m _theAmcncanwddeffless ferocious as he appears , would not do it . ( t _^ _" _= ;{ _Whenlwasin lK aod saw th | pale , iiorrowful girlhending wearily over her task , I thou ght ] . would rather go to the hell tho Christians tell of than work there . All of what are called the great men ot this country-Clay , Webster , Calhoun , Van Buren , -te . --sunport these toiqnitonsp-rkciples , ! _MdthemuItitu _^ bo _^ own to _-tiie nu ghtoTtheirinteilect . Now , what have we to oppose to these e vflprinciples ? . We _musi oppose to febe competition and envious nvalry _* _* ; o n _^ _onandcombiiationamongtheworkmgclasses Without this there ia no -union —no brot hetttooa among the Ubouring many . The nejjt great pnn-
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ciple which we must array against the progress of error , i 3 union of labour and capital , and the possessiou of the soil and machinery by the working classes . If they are not the masters of it they must be its slaves . If labour and capital ia united , thc industrious class can fix the hours of labour , and demand for it a remunerating price ; but if they are not united , then the working men must be prepared to submit to a tyranny which is more despotic and cruel in its nature than that of the dark ages . The third important principle which should be inculcated into the mind ofthe working classes , is equal chances for , all—for moral , social , and intellectual improvement ; and the _naxt two cardinal doctrines are the rights to , labour and to the soil ; these are the fundamental
rights , because they are the rights of existence . ( Cheers . ) God made the world , and all thatis therein , and no man , or set of men , has a right to monopolise it ; and for men to say and preach that they have a right to hold property is a most gigantic fraud , and it is that which has reduced the working classes to serfdom . The fifth and last great principle is the right of legislation based upon the interests of production The present politics of the day must bedestroyed , and we must rear upon its ruins a beautiful superstructure of ; true , just , and wise _legislation . ( Cheers . ) The question now arises—how can we carry out our objects ? . Thc ballot-box is a primary means , aud then we must . establish presses . The press of this country is almost omnipotent , and we must endeavour to aecure such an influence in it as will enable us to disseminate effectively our principles . The
spheres of agriculture , commerce , and manufactures are open to us ; and we can do much to advance our cause if we use them judiciously to that end . The existing system of politics is the great prostitute of the nineteenth century . My soul is sick with the eternal whine and cant of every-day politicians , and if you wish to succeed in your endeavours you must first of all cut loose from them , and establish for yourselves an Industrial Congress . ( Tremendous applause . ) This Congress ivill have for its object the good of all , the cause of universal justice ; it will also serve as a head , a rallying point for the working classes . It will , in a word , be the living law of the masses . Mr . Brisbane then advised an adjournment of all questions for the disposition of the Industrial Congress when assembled , which wonld reconcile all differences nnd harmonise all discordant views .
XBUD DAT . The Convention met , pursuant to adjournment , at two o ' clock , p . jt , Mr . Ryckman , first Vice President in the chair . After considerable discussion on the subject of an Industrial Congress , the following resolutions were adopted : — That the resolution passed yesterday to appoint a com . mittee of correspondence be reconsidered . That a committee of seven be appointed to carry out the views of the Convention in regard to an Industrial Congress , which committee are instructed to nrgc upon others interested in this movementthe necessity of calling a preliminary Convention , to be held in the city of Albany , August next 1843 , but that , as our object is unanimity , if it is found impracticable to call the Convention then and there , the committee be allowed a discretion to consult with other similarly appointed committees as to the time and place of holding such Convention , and the mode in which it shall be called , and the manner of appointing delegates .
That Messrs . Parke Godwin , George H _, Evans , A . E . Bovay , Sanson Smith , Benjamin j . Ximms , William If . Channing , and Albert Gilbert , be the said committee . That the following gentlemen be requested to correspond and co-operate with the aforesaid committee in executing the views of this Convention , and that they be particularly urged to agitato tbis subject in their various localities in order to excite a general interest , andprocure as large an attendance at the Preliminary Convention as possible : —Parke Godwin , New York City ; A . J . Wright , iiestoii , Mass . ; L . Vf . _Eyckman , Brook Farm , Mass . ; A . Brisbane , _KTcw York City ; Thomas A . _jDevyr , Albany , N . Y . ; John Speakman , Philadelphia , Pa . ; Charles A . Dana , Brook Farm , Mass . ; . T . C , Jackson , Albany , N . Y . ; James Boyle , Northampton , Mass . * , John Mailey , Lynn , Mass . ; Thomas Ahny , Fall River , Mass . ; Vf . S . Wait , Grenville , Bond Co ., 111 . ; J . Vf . Joraleman , Newark , N . J . ; George R . McFarlane , Hollidaysburgh , Pa . ; A . B . Stevenson , Pittsburgh , Pa . ; Francis C . Ereadwell , Brooklyn ,
N . Y . ; Alrin E . Bovay , New York City ; Geo . W . AUen , Columbus , Ohio ; Hugh Garland , Va . ; Arnold Buffum , "New York City ; D . Lee , Buffalo , N . Y . ; Theophilus Fisk , Washington ; A . F . Cunningham , _Viiginia ; John White , Ohio ; John S . Williams , Ohio ; F . Grant , Ohio ; Alonzo M . Watson , Waterfown , N . Y . ; William Scott , Promisewell Community , Pa . ; Gerrit Smith , Peterboro ' , N . Y . ; John D . Wilkins , Louisiana ; Thomas W . Whitley , Kentucky ; J . C . Allahen , Delaware Co ., If . Y . ; Cassius M . Clay , Kentucky . ; John A . Collins , _Skeneatelas , H _* . Y . ; George W . Showard _, Eastern Shore , Md . ; Benjamin White , M . C , Freedom , Me . ; Mr . Gordon , M . C , Delhi , Delaware Co ., K . Y . ; Marshall Pierce , Saco , Maine ; J . Gil-nan , Augusta , Maine ; Warren Dutcher , Vf . Bennington , Vermont ; Iter . Mr . Balch , Rhode Island ; Ellis Smaller , Plainfield , N . J . ; Horace Greeley , "New York City ; OsbornMacdaniel , New York City ; H . B . Schetterly Alphadelphia , Michigan ; Ira Tttlotson , Marshall Calhoun Co ., Michigan . EVEMKO SESSION .
Mr . _Chaxkixo adverted to the present , degraded condition of the working classes . He considered it indicative of a radical defect in the order of things . Here , said he , in this land , where we boast of free institutions—of our democratic principles , we are the veriest slaves . Even the poor slave of the south , down-trodden and degraded as he is , is better off than we of the north . _i 1 r . Channing then went on to say that he considered it the privuege and the duty of man , with all his energy of usefulness te acquire wealth- —that is , to acquire what is really good and useful ; and that as he accumulates wealth , he is healthy , morally and physically . In the increase of wealth is the increase of * health . As a man obtains wealth he also improves his mind . Jn this city there
are men , women _. _' and children _^ who have no chance of getting wealth—no chance of being happy . If they do produce , they see it flying away from themthe drones of society take from them the result of their labour—they have neither honour nor profit . They know that they laboured and toiled ; and when they seek the products of then * industry , it eludes their grasp , vanishing like a dream away . As society is constituted , working men are but weapons , merchanised automatons , in the hands of others . The reason why _so-neare , and some are not wealthy , is owing entirely to the chances not being e < _- _* ual . Take , for instance , aman nurtured in poverty , and he must almost necessarily , from the nature of things , be poor . There are some who cry out " education , education ;"
itis a mocking cry . A man cannot carry his spiritual existence along witli his material ; he cannot educate white he has toiled long days and nights for a bare subsistence . Mr . Channing then proceeded to state that he went with the association , heart and hand , in the distribution of the public lands among the people , and gave his views of what a township should be , if the association should _auceeed in effecting their object . In the first place , everything should be in common—that is to say , belong to the township . The township should partition off the lands , direct how they should be used in regard to the rotation of crops , & e and who should occupy them . The products of common industry to be divided , and given to each person as they were useful , and according to their oioDrain
intelligence , & c . All have an equal cnance - ing a sound , moral , and intellectual education . Every man to have a right to claim , and his ciaim granted to the position in society which he deserves , and for which he is fitted—thc township to make ali transfers , tc , when necessary , with other townships —in short , to be the merchant . Mr . Channing then promised his allegiance to the Industrial Congress when formed , bnt stated that a National Congress would not suffice ; we must have State , Count )' , ana Township Industrial Councils , in addition , wherein every trade should be fully and faithfully represented He advised the trades to organise , and combine their influence , and also have such an arrangement as to know the position which every man , woman , and child , connected with the trades , occupied . He
proceeded to suggest a plan for a labour exchange , and advised a system of mutual assurance and life insurance , which were received very favourably by the audience . Mr . Timms then _. _suggfsted that Mr . Owen , who was present , be invited to address the Convention . Mi " . Evans stated that lie would very gladly listen to Mr . Owen , but Mr . _Cllins , of _Skaneatles , who was present , had been invited toaddresBthe meeting . Mr . C 0 LUK 8 was then called for by the meeting , and in the course ofhis remarks , which were general in their nature , gave his assent , and promised lus support to the National Reform Association . Mr . Owen , amid vociferous cheering , then took the stand , and briefly addressed the meeting . Mr . Evass Mowed , after which the Convention adjourned sine die .
. SWEDEN . We give , as follows , from the Stockholm journals , the speech of the King of Sweden oa closing the Diet * -- _t " Gentlemen , when you arrived at this Diet 1 greeted you with an entire confidence in your patriotic intentions and your attachment to me and ™ f family . It is with the same sentiments , the cordiality of which has been increased by gratitude , that I to-day bid you farewell , restoring you to your private occupations , whieh have for so long a time given way to the duties of the public good . Several reso-
United States. Rtj 5aiwxai. Bkforjc Cosv...
lutions of _Mmerwr importance have been adopted during the time tiat we haye laboured together for the glory ahd _happinoss of our beloved country . I yohr conscientious deliberations have not always succeeded in -conciliating opposing opinions , we ought not to lose sight of the fact , that rarely has an assembly of the States , restricted to the same duration of tune ,, enibraced questions so grave in themselves , and possessing so strong an influence on all the relations of social right . The complicated aflairs that you ' have had to examine scarcely allowed a complete r otation to be given to all ; but what the present has ' refused us , will , with the aid ofthe Almighty , be soon effected m _thtffuture . Whilst each of you is going to fulfil in your private circle the duties which _Providunce has confided te youI shall devote all my
, solicitude to the ameliorations which our social condition may demand , in the firm coimctLou , that when I shall convoke you again you will continue on your side to proceed in the path leading to the public good , and which , in order to be the means o f producing a calm and enli ghtened improvement , ought also to be marked by union and mutual confidence . The question of a modification of the representative system has given birth to serious discussions . The importance ahd gravity of the matter explain satisfactorily the difficulty of conciliating opinions . divided , not as . to the necessity , but as to the nature , of the change . In order to resolve , ih the interest of the country , this grand problem , it becomes necessary to make reciprocal concessions . The States General , I am perBna'ded , will be able to discover , in
ths patriotism with which they are animated , the means of satisfying the wishes of the nation in this respect . Jin the course ofthe session I presented you with a bill for a new penal code , and another relative to prisons . Although you have not had time to complete a profound examination of these matters in detail you have , however , adopted principles ofa penal system _. uniting to the severity wldeh public safety demands the consideration which the elevated precepts of religion and humanity call for in favour ofthe dignity of man . You have by this decision laid the basis ofthe ulterior labour which you will liave to discuss at your _nev _^ coming together , and on which I shall then present to you a new _proposition . In placing before you tho budget of receipts and expenses , I thought it my duty , gentlemen , to call your attention
to the necessity ol employing the means that could be disposed of in grants for public instruction , science , and the fine arts , for regularising- our system of def ence , and executing public works to further agriculture and manufactures . Your decisions prove in a satisfactory manner how you have appreciated tho constant object of my solicitude—the glory and prosperity of my country . I have been informed of your deliberations to guarantee the solidity ofthe national bank , and the maintenance of the value of the monetary tokens of the kingdom . I shall follow with all the attention that the gravity of the subject merits tho results of your measures in this respect . The successive augmentation o f the indirect revenues of the state , testifying an extension in tho commercial movement and a progressive improvement in the interior , has enabled the present Diet to effect a reduction in the personal taxes . By employing these unforeseen resources in favour of _nriuuny instruction , you have again proved your zeal tor all that can
contribute to tho progress of enlightenment and morality . At the opening of this session , I informed you , gentlemen , of the resolution which I had come to , iu concert with a neighbouring monarch and ally , not to pay any longer the annual tribute wliich for upwards of a century the kingdoms at present united had given for the protection of their commerce and their navigation , to one of the states on tho northern coast of Africa . Negotiations entered in for this object , and which have found a powerful support in thc friendly mediation of England and France , have just been crowned with success . An arrangement ivith the Emperor of Morocco concluded on the 5 th of last April , by plenipotentiaries reciprocally appointed for thc purpose , has established , from the date of the convention being signed , the abolition o f that annuity . In virtue of paragraph 109 of tho constitution , " I declare your present session closed . In imploring the Divine goodness to pour over our country his heavenly blessing , I renew to you , gentlemen , the assurance of all my Royal benevolence .
And National Trades' Journal.
AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL .
Vol. Viii, Nq. 396, Londomt Saturday. Jd...
VOL . VIII , _NQ . 396 , _LONDOmT _sATURDAY _. _JDN-R U : xtw r * .. _* _«™™«« ., — _va- ' _^ _x , _« vj . 1 Aj _l _* , _y _lOW , mre Shmmn » and _Hixurnrv ner O _. n _^
Craw #»Ttnmts*.
Craw _# » ttnmts _* .
The Ten Hours' Bill. 1mpohiaat Deleffate...
THE TEN HOURS' BILL . 1 _MPOHIAAT _DELEffATE MEETISO . ( From a Correspondent . ) On Sunday last a numerous meeting of delegates from the various manufaeturingdistricts of Lancashire and Yorkshire was held at tho York Hotel , in Todmorden , to promote the passing of the Ten Hours' Bill . Todmorden was selected on account of its central situation , being about equal distance from the factory districts of both counties . There were thirty-one delegates present from the towns of Manchester , Bury , Bolton , Chorley , Preston , Oldham , Lees , Rochdale , Chowbent , _Astleybridge , Todmorden , Leeds , Bradford , Huddersfield , Keighley , Dewsbury , & c , & c . Several other towns were represented by letter . Mv . Samuel Haworth , cotton-spinner , of
Bolton , was unanimously called on to preside . The Chairman , in opening the proceedings , expressed his regret that the operatives were compelled by circumstances , over which they had no control , to hold their meetings on Sundays . Hc did not think it would be necessaiy to call on each delegate to lay before the meeting the sentiments ofthe operatives in the various localities . There was no difference of opinion amongst them ; but , at the same time , he thought it would be desirable for the delegates from the Central Short-time Committees of Lancashire and Yorkshire to give a brief account o f the position of the question , and the progress it had made since they last met , It would also be necessary for the meeting seriously to consider
whether it was advisable for them to ask Lord Ashley to bring the question forward this session . For liis own part he thought not . Mr . Paul Hargraves , the delegate from the Lancashire Committee , then entered into a detail of theii proceedings , from which it appeared that since the opening o f the present session they had collected a considerable sum of _monej from the operatives , which they had expended m circulating publications explaining the progress which was making , more especially in reference to those masters in Preston , Bolton , and other places , who had adopted the system of working eleven hours a day instead of twelve , without any diminution of their _waees . theprofits of the masters , or the quantity
of work produced , whilst the quality was much improved . The opposition to the Ten Hours' Bill in Lancashire was every day becoming less violent , and he hoped the day was not distant when he and his colleagues would be joined by tllD manufacturers to carry the measure to a , successful termination , and thereby be relieved from the arduous duties which the advocacy of thc question involved . He was authorised to state that it was the unanimous opinion of the committee that thc introduction of the bill into Parliament this session was , from the very first day of the opening , surrounded with so many difficulties , that there was no prospect of bringing" it forward with any chance of success . . Mr , Pitman , from the Bradford Committee ,
thought thc measure should have been introduced in the present session , and hoped Lord Ashley would not fail to bring the measure before Parliament in some hapeB this year . The delegate from Huddersfield was glad to have it in his power to report that four firms in that neighbourhood had adopted the eleven hours' system with success . In some instances the hands werc getting two shillings a week more for eleven hours than they had been for working twelve . The firms to whicli he alluded were Messrs . Starkey and Co ., Brooks , Avmettago , and Brooks . Those four firms employed more than three-fourths oftho whole ofthe factory hands about Huddersfield . They werc now receiving the support of all classes of people , and , above all , the clergy of all denominations ; and many _ofjthe manufacturers were also favourable to ten hours a day . Mi-. Joseph Gregory , of Bolton , said , there was but one opinion among the operatives of that town . They were fully persuaded that , owing
to the state of the house on the Irish questions and railways , there was no chance of anything being done this session ; they were , therefore , promoting the measure by agitation at home , and not without effect . One of the largest firms in Bolton had commenced working eleven hours , and at a festival given to the hands the other night by the master , Mr . Knowles , that gentleman stated thathe was perfectly satisfied "with the new arrangement , ana would continue to carry it out , and even go to a further limitation ; and as to Lord Ashley , they believed he had made many sacrifices in the cause , and was the only man in the House of Commons who could and would work tiie question with a prospect of success . The delegate from Preston reported , that since Mr . Gardner had commenced working short hours , several other large mills had followed the example with equal success . The Rochdale delegate would be glad if he could afford such information as had been given from other places . He worked for a firm which ran their mill thirteen and a half and fourteen hours a day , thereby setting the spirit of tha Act » t defiance .
The Ten Hours' Bill. 1mpohiaat Deleffate...
He hoped tho Lancashire Central Short-time Committee would adopt some means to prevent sucli 1 cruelties as they were perpetrating . I Mr . James Mills said tliat he had been more than fourteen years in the cause , and he congratulated the meeting . on the steady and improved state of feeling which prevailed on the subject . The meetings were now conducted with such intelligence and moderation , as would before long insure success . He had not verv latterly attended thc meetings ou the question , and therefore he was not capable of judging of the improved tone of the friends of the measure : indeed , ho never attended a meeting in which he hoard so much good reasoning and common sense , advanced . The delegate from Keighley was of the same opinion , and looked upon that fact as the best security
of ultimate and speedy success . Many other interesting statements were made as to the progress the question was making , after wluch the resolutions were unanimously adopted to thc following effect : — "This meeting of dclegatestakes the present opportunity of again expressing , on behalf of the operatives of Lancashire and Yorkshire , their unalterable dcterhiihation never to relax in their efforts , until the Ten Hours' Bill is carried through Parliament , and that , they will , from the present tunc , redouble their exertions preparatory to another struggle in tho next session of Parliament , to bring it tea successful termination . —That each district be urgently requested toiorward without delay the whole of the petitions now iri course of signature ; either to the central committees of Yorkshire ahd Lancashire , or to our friends
in Parliament , for presentation this session . —That , in the opinion of this meeting , the course adopted by Lord Ashley tliis session was , under all the circumstances ,, the best and wisest , and believe that much has been gained by the course adopted , seeing that the business ofthe house would not in our opinion admit of afair trialof the question with any prospect of success . That wehail , as one ofthe bast omens of future success , the support which the cause of our wives aud children received last session , and also in the fact , that the Ten Hours' Bill was supportedb y four-fifths ofthe members of the manufacturing districts . That a petition from this meeting be forwarded to Parliament , signed by the chairman , on behalf of the delegates . —That this meeting of delegates cannot separate without once more expressing its . unabated
conlidence in the zeal and sound judgment of Lord Ashley in conducting this measure through Parliament . —That every day ' s experience confirms our previous opinions that he is , of all other _membcis of Parliament of whom we havo any knowledge , thc most efficient advocate we can have , and that he be most respectfully requested to continue his effort on our behalf , and that wo believe we are but expressing thc unanimous sentiments of our constituents in stating that we rely with implicit confidence on his zeal and ability to bring the question to a successful issue , and we once more pledge ourselves never to relax in our exertions until our efforts and his labours are crowned with success . —That we most sincerely
express our thanks to the editors o f tho Herald , Times , Post , Standard , Northern Star , and of all other papers who so disinterestedly supported us , and that the morning papers bo respectfully requested to notice the presentation of our petitions now in the hands of our friend in Parliament . " Thanks were also voted to Mr . Fielden , M . P ., Mr . John Wood , Mr . William Walker , of Bradford , and other friends in and out of Parliament ; as also to those _niillowners in Lancashire and Yorkshire who had voluntarily adopted the eloven hours ' system ; also to thc chairman and the central committees of Lancashire and Yorkshire ; after which thc delegates separated , many of them having to travel from thirty to upwards of fifty miles to their homes .
The Truck System . — The following case , which occurred a few days ago , at the Bolton Court of Requests , deserves some attention , from its exposing a system which there is good reason to believe is much more extensively acted upon than is generally imagined . We derive the _pavtitulavs from a Manchester paper : — " William Loinax , jun ., obtained an an execution against James Darbishire , green grocer , on April , and on last Saturday week a seizure was made under it ot certain articles wliich Mary Ann Darbishire , his daughter , appeared to claim as her property From her statement it appeared that her father was sold up about eight months ago , and that her aunt had given her a bed , and she had bought other articles herself , Duringthehearing of thc caso Sarah Roberts , an interesting young woman ,
apparcntly about twenty years of age , was called , and stated that shelet the house toDarbishire ' _s daughter . The following colloquy then took place : —Judge : Did you let the house to the claimant ? Yes . —Are you the landlady of the house ? I take it with my work . —Whom do you work for ? Mr . Cullen , cotton spinner . —How much do you pay a week for it ? Three shillings and a penny . —What do you let it for ? Two sliillings . —And do you lose the remainder ? Yes . —How much do you get a week ? Twelve shillings , —The Judge : That's __ one way of making a property . — ( Several voices in the court here shouted out , 'That ' s common enough i Bolton . ' )—The . Judge : That ' s a great shame —( A _' voice : ' They all do it . ' ) Judge : I never heard a j more disgraceful case in my ufe . " From this , it
wonld appear that Mr . Cullen , of Bolton , who , we understand , is an advocate for , and a professor of , liberal principles , can , nevertheless , condescend tobe a party to transactions of a nature which honest and conscientious men of every shade of opinion must heartily condemn . We have always considered that the best method of forwarding principle was by example , —particularly when the parties concerned were placed in such positions , as , from their prominency , to bo rendered obnoxious tothe _observa tion and criticism of the public . As a magistrate , sitting upon the bench , and dispensing equal justice to all applicants , there can be no doubt but the experience and sagacity of Mr . Cullen must render his services exceedingly valuable to the inhabitants of Bolton ; and there can be as little doubt that liis
appointment , from his literary acquirements , has added dignity to the bench on which he occasionally presides . These things will have more than justified , m the eyes ofhis fellow-townsmen , the parties who recommended _« im to the important office he holds ; the exertions of those parties will indeed have secured the gratitude ofthe borough of Bolton . It is truly lamentable , then , to see that , for the paltry consideration of a few shillings per week , the _tradeumanshould so far predominate over the justice , as to induce forgetfulness both of equity and the spirit ofthe law , and be thus the mean 3 of drawing down , in a public court , the severe censure of the presiding judge , who felt compelled to characterize the transaction as " the most disgraceful he had ever heard of , " From the statement we have cited , it appears that this
gentleman is not thc only person _in'Bolton whose conduct , in this repect , merits the indignation and contempt of every right-thinking man . The offence charged against Mr . Cullen is said to be a common one in that borough . For the honour of the town- * for the respect wo wonld fain feel for our neighbours , wc hope this is not the f act ; but , ifthe statement be accurate , then we ought not to feel surprised that the government , with such faets in evidence before them , feel justified in the interference they exercise between millowners andfactory workpeople . If those whooughtto he tiie natural guardians of thepeople , whoseindustry makes them " merchant princes , ' thus _shiunelessly and sordidly oppress the poor , whoso protectors the law supposes them'to be , can wc wonder at the discontent so often expt eased by the operative ; or that ,
in this particular , he feels the yoke too heavy for him ? The case before us derives its cliicf interest from its relation to other similar cases . Sarah Roberts , an "interesting , " and , as it appears , a single yodhg woman , most likely living withher parents , receives , for her labour in Mr . CuBen ' s mill , twelve shillings per week ; but , as one of the conditions of this employment , she is compelled to take a house , wliich she does not want , at something more than a fourth of her earnings—a rental , indeed , of £ 8 Os . 4 d . per annum . Under tliis bargain the master gains everything , and the employed is nearly certain to be a loser . In all probability , during , at least , part of the time of servitude , the tenement taken will be empty , and the consequence instantly is , that the wages ot the employed are reduced upwards of twenty-five per cent . ; or as , in the present case , the party may sublet the dwelling , at a loss to himself , and with every chance of getting a tenant who may break tho windows , damage the " valuable property , and quit
without rememb ' ering the arrears of rent . let in nis said to be " common enough" in Bolton , Such houses , built with the design of being let upon compulsion , are scarcely likely to be constructed upon the very best principles , or with the most scrupulous regard to the comfort and convenience of the people intended to live in them . Persons convicted of crime are sent _toprisonjand penitentiaries , for punishment and improvement , and every attention is paid , j during their incarceration , to their cleanliness and I orderly habits , not only to maintain the health of the body , but to bnprovothat of the mind * , persons convicted of poverty , at Bolton , are condemned to have their wages lessened , their liberties abridged , and their persons to suffer oppression , if , by their industiy , they endeavour to " live honest in the sight of all men , " unless they submit to have that industry mulcted of a quarter of its honourable earnings . Should they refuse to succumb to such abject degradation and servility , they may starve , or be driven , through poverty and want of employment , at timos ,
The Ten Hours' Bill. 1mpohiaat Deleffate...
to do that which their mind would revolt agabst Has the magistrate , whofjecase we are considenng , ever reflected that the bondage which he imposes upon his wo kpeople may force the highest and noblest minded among them-and , consequently ; those who , under judicious treatment , would be the most valuable members of society—into dishonm practices , and lead to an abandonment of those virtuous principles , the loss ot whicli , especially in females , _produces results which arc appalling OTen to the imagination ? SU 1 ' _" _* J' Me . Horner will not omit all notice of so eurious afeature as this , in the arrangement _, between factory owners and the hands employed by them , in his next report to Parliament , His -exposure ofthe system would be a sufficient _rebukcjfo
deter anyothev " Cotton Lord" _fremseclung to _avw * himself , fbr the sake of a trifle of lucre , of so mere *** naiy a sonrce of profit—one so fraught in every way witli mischief to the worldly condition and prospects , the independence , and the moral _> elfare of those who are subjected to its operation . We do not complain of mill-owner" ** for erecting cottages . In many cases , I indeed , itis absolutely necessary that they should do _| so for the comfort and convenience of their work- - i people ; hut then , the letting of such places should invariably be a matter of option , as- well with the tenant as tho landlord . Each should be free to make a bargain , or to decline it , according to his own pleasure and inclination . Coercion in sueh a case is the _woist species of tvjimny—a sort of truck _dealina _* ,
which is as disreputable to the strong , and . disadvantageous to the weak , as that of paying wages , in goods instead of money . The workman has as clear a r ight to the free controul and disposition of the whole of the wages obtained in return for his or her labour , as the manufacturer can have to thc disposal of the money which he obtains in exchange for the goods which have been produced from his capital ahd machinery . —Preston Chronicle . Duncombe Tkstimoniai . —Aspccial gencralmeeting of the Central Committee was held on Wednesday evening , June llth , atthe Parthenium , 12 , St . Martin's-lane , Mr . James Grassby , Carpenter , in the chair , when the following sums were received : _^ -Per Mr . Nicholson , Engineer , 3 s . ; Mr . D . W . Kuffy , 10 s . ; on bcliaii' of Mr . Burrows , of Cogceshnu , Mr . ni . « ,. _iAn _-if-r- n . _ 1 -c . i a n . it : _«„ j ~ oj-. _uuoiica ituu Eiuwutu is
hi -unruly , _uumua , . ou ., yuir . Mr . S . Buck , Knaresborough , lis . 2 d . * , Mansfield local coHimittee , per the Rev . W . Liuwood , £ 2 " 1 * 0 * 3 * . '; Huddersfield loeal committee ( second subscription ) , Scr Mr . Bushworth , £ 1 5 s . 6 d . * , Mottram , in Lonendale , per Mr . R . Wild , l's . ; the Woolcombers of Bradford , Yorkshire , per Mr . J . Moore , £ 3 5 s . Sd . ; Mr . J . Grassby iiiM , dod in 33 . id . on behalf of Mr . Millgrovc , the subscription or si few _Onrucniwa of No . 13 F . S . O . C . ; Mr . T . M . Wheeler handed in £ 17 s . lOd . from Mr . G . W . Wheeler , the subscription of the Reading local _committee ; also 5 s . from Mr . Mills , and Cd . from Mr . Baglcy , and 19 s . 4 d . as acknowledged to be received by him in the Star of last week under the head of " Funds received by the General Secretary of the National Charter Association ; " per Mr . Wm . Cuffay ( fourth payment ) , 2 s . Cd . ; per Mr . Wild , Carpenter , Dim Ilorao ,
Borough , 15 s . 5 d . On thc motion of- Messrs . Stallwood and T . Barratt , it was unanimously resolved , " That this Committee keep open , their accounts until Wednesday , July ICth next ensuing , in order te give time to thc committee of collectors to get iu the books now in the hands of those who have neglected the calls previously made , aud that the secretary forward the above resolution to the secretary of all local committees , with a request that they will transmit all cash raised on behalf of the Testimonial now in tlieir hands to the General Secretary , Mr . 3 . Syme , or to the General Treasurer , R . Norman , Esq ., immediately , and that the members of this committee are especially requested to attend on Wednesday evening . July 10 th , to resolve . on what the _Tcstimoiual shall be . "
TnE London Cokbwainbrs an » - M « . Thomas Cooper . —The manifestation of the London Cordwaincrs in favour of this political sufferer , and very extraordinary man , which is to take place on Monday evening next in tlic Hall in 'lurnagain-laiie _, ia expected to bo in many ways of a most gratifying character—the lowness ofthe charge for admission being only sixpence , placing it hi the power of almost every individual ofthe trauo , and of their friends as well , to be present ; and where wiE be the combined attractions of music , song , and dance in abundance —not to mention the intellectual treat of hearing Mr . Cooper deliver his sentiments in the thoroughly efficient manner which it is known he can do , on an occasion ( personally considered ) of so much interest
and novelty to himself , and of credit to thc profession concerned . ' Mr . Cooper , during his long and trying incarceration within the walls of a prison , has , like many others of tho great men who have been doomed to similar suffering , employed thc bitter leisure which that severe ordeal permitted in the composition of two or three literary works of importance—one of which , a poem , written in what is called the Spencerian stanza ( a form of verse which Lord Byron has rendered 30 well known by that glowing and glorious out-pouring ofhis magnificent genius , Childc Harold ) , is a sort of Dante production , wherein the muse of the author in a series of powerfully conceived and ably executed fictions , has summoned before the " mind ' s eve" the many _creat suivits of antiquity whom the
stern realities " of this existence drove to an untimely acquaintance with the " land of shadows , " as also some of the distinguished sucides of more modem periods ; nor yet has ho . forgotten those nameless martyrs iothe " world ' s wrong , " tho records of whose awful exit makes tho most staple article of almost _evory newspaper ! The production opens with a highly-wrought versified repetition of the famous speech which Mi * . Cooper delivered to the assembled thousands in the Potteries—that speech which led to liis own incarceration—and thus , by thismostsimple but yet very powerful contrivance , giving an Intense identity to the whole superstructure of the work . The difficulties which Mr . Cooper has experienced since his present arrival in London , in seeking to get
this production placed before the public , can only be faintly understood by those who have been compelled to dance a similar routine of attendance on great names and purse-proud publishers . Such a poem , as may well be expected , is neither the one to command the ready approbation of the mentally enslaved , nor the sinister calculations of the mere merchant in bookmaking , and therefore ho has not as yet been successful . Maugre , however , all this , the poem will be printed , and then the public will be enabled to judge for itself . Thc production is of such extent that it will make a goodly sized volume . Sir , —Thc Cooper committee , which sat last night , wished me to send you some little notice of the anair which is to come off next Monday . Yours , very
respectfully , James _Dmrn _. Lancashire Miners . —The next general delegate meeting of Lancashire Miners will beheld on Monday next , June 16 th , at thc sign of the King William , Platt-bridge , near Wigan ; chair to be taken at eleven o'clock in the forenoon . A public meeting will also be held on the same day , which will be addressed by W . P . Roberts , Esq ., and several other gentlemen , The levy f or thc fortnight , including : general contribution , is Is . 8 d . per member . TO THE _NaiLMAEEHS OF GREAT _BniTAIK . —Fcl- low Workmen , —Tho Nailmakers of _Stirlingshira a for the last ten years have been in a very low and d depressed & tate , tlieir wages being very small , indeed d not adequate to keep body and soul together ; but it knowing that a rise had taken place through the ie country , they appealed to their employers in this is county for an advance , which thoy at once , with St St
very few honourable exceptions , refused . The con- nsequencc was that a strike took place , and tliis is the he eighth " * ffeek Of tho turn-out . An appeal wa 8 made ide to several places in Scotland , which was nobly re- responded to , but the duration of the strike has been : en so long that we are under the necessity of repeating ing that appeal . We have strong hopes of succeeding in ; in our righteous struggle if our brethren in England ind will hut lend us their aid . We have not been back- ckward in former times in giving our aid to others , as as some of them know . There are upwards of 200 men nert out , and thoy are Ann and determined , but thc ma-majority of them have families , and help is [ needed . If If ' any of our brethren should feel inclined ( as we hopeiiope 1 they will ) to aid us , they must keep in mind thatthat ; they are struggling for themselves at the same timetime 2 they are lending us a helping hand . If we fail _iau in 3 this struggle , others will suffer as well as us . We Wes therefore , hope an appeal will not be in vain . In . Ii 1 tho name ofthe Strike Committee , James _Jesjunssjuns 3 St . Minions , by Stirling .
Bi-Lston Miners.— A Few Days Ago An Opon...
_Bi-lSton Miners . — A few days ago an _opon-aion-au meeting of the Miners of this district took placeplace e which was presided over by Mr . Joseph Linney , whf , whl addressed a powerful discourse to the assembled coied col ii liers The meeting was also addressed by Mr . Enx . Ens r bletou and Mr . Ramsay , from Ne _^ _castle-upon-Tyni-Tyni u whoso excellent speeches were most heartily _veepondtpondt it to . The Ensuing National Trades Co » fere-soe . _-e-soe . -. At a meeting of the Society of Saddlers held at tl at tltl Red Lion , Long Acre , on Monday evening , July tJuly if 0 th , it was resolved , on the motion of Mr , M'Greg ( _"Greg _(*( that a delegate be sent from this body to the ensui ensuii Conference , and that such delegate be elected at fed at 11 next meeting on Monday , June 23 rd .
BAn ; mKT . —Another Distkessino Coamit Ac ? _it Ac c dent occurred here on Wednesday , June 10 th , 10 th , , ono o ' clock , p . m ., in Mr . _Mucklewater's New _P-Jcw PF at the Oaks Colliery , by which three young men wnen *«< had just attained their majority were snatteredtteredd atoms , and three others dreadfully burnt . Thon Thonu Parker , Worsburgh Common * SamuelWhitely , Coely , Coo yard , Shamble-street ; Joseph Sydey , PeashiPeashini killed . The names of those yet alive are , —J « e , —J < J < Littlewood , wife and one child , Spedduig ' _s-fdng ' _s-fcfc Richard Hodgson , wife and two children , Peaci Pcacici hill ; Willoughby Thicket , wife and one child , Phild , PP hill . The pit in which this accident occurred isirred _isls yards below the surface .
BuRNtEv , _—AChartistcamp-meetingwill behcll _behcic on Marsden Heights , on Sunday , the 15 th _iusftb . inaW one o ' clock in the afternoon . The following g _^ ing urn men are expected to address the meeting _•—Mig : —Mm Holland , Place , Williams , and Gray , of _Burof _Bunr Tagg and Barker , of Bacup ; and Mooney , of ( ey , of ((
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 14, 1845, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_14061845/page/1/
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