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nVE 14, 1845. m •¦»- " — - CL ^ THE NORT...
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•'And I will war, at least in words, (An...
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THE AMERICAN REFORMERS. Qnr readers will...
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* This writ was abolished (to the regret...
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Wraltme anU lotttmlture*
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FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS. For the Week co...
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From A to B a path is laid down, dividin...
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AN EXAMPLE OF A SMALL FARMER. Here is ri...
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SHEFFIELD. On Wednesday, June 4th, a mee...
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London Corn Exchange, Monday , •'H^^j'ni...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Nve 14, 1845. M •¦»- " — - Cl ^ The Nort...
nVE 14 , 1845 . m •¦» - " — - _CL _^ THE NORTHERN stab ?
Ffcrugn ;$Tobemente
_ffcrugn ; $ tobemente
•'And I Will War, At Least In Words, (An...
• 'And I will war , at least in words , ( And—should my chance so happen—deeds ) , -jfitli aH who war with Thought !" « I _injiik I hear a little "bird , who sings The people by and by will be the _tirronger . _* *' --BrBON
The American Reformers. Qnr Readers Will...
THE AMERICAN REFORMERS . _Qnr readers will find in our first page good news ?" ram America this week . Copies of Young America of •¦ jar loth and 17 th have come to hand , and from the _jrttcf these we have extracted the reportof tne _propjeoings of the New York Convention , held on the 5 fli _tf 3 fayand _snoceeding days . That CoHTenfion was _gjiended by some of theablest and _miM distinguished of Ihe American Reformers—men who , disagreeing on some points , have nevertheless agreed to unite on a common object- *"* * _^ Freedom oj ' thePublie Lands , as _jfeonlytruefoundationof _allsoiM-refoniis . Another great result has been wrought out by this Convengon—men of all parties have agreed that the ballot-• _josis tie medium through which they must strike
domiland monopoly ; that the political rights possessed by the people of tiie states are invaluable as fie means by which they may achieve social justice , the enlightenment of pnblic opinion being all that is -necessary to render the ballot-box of ' 45 more powermi than even the musket of * 76 . Reformers , _Swaalists , Fourierites , and Anti-Renters all seem to have _aitoowledgedthis " great fact- " _-md similar parties in this country and in Ireland might take a lesson from our American friends in . this particular matter . Were this the case ; were the several sections of the movement party in this eonntjy combined under one standard , inscribed "Political Equality the Means , Social Equahty the End , " no power could long oppose the progress and success of the British
move-Fur "file _prowedlMS of the Convention we must Kferour readers to the report . Not a single _tesolu tion that wasadopted bat will , we are sure , meet with their hearty approval . Those resolutions breathe fhe true spirit of "IB ; and 0 , it is our fervent prayer , that the men whose names we publish in tbis day ' s Star as theleadersof that movement , may prove themselves worthy of tlieir sires by completing the work those sires in blood and peril commenced ! It will be seen that the preparatory steps have been taken to carry out the "resolutions agreed to , by organising an Industrial Congress , which will meet in August next , in Albany , Hie capital of the " Empire State . " The necessity of noticing other matters prevents ns commenting further for the present on the
proceedings oi the Convention ; but we hope those proceed ings wfll be publicly read at every Chartist and Land Society meeting throughout the country . The FociaEnrrEs are progressing in America . An asoeiation { community ) has heen in existence at Brook Farm , _i _* L _* _v- « achuserte , for about three years The experiment bids fair to be successful , and is , says Young America , under the direction of intelli gent right-hearted men , wholl y devoted to the cause , and fully impressed with the idea that they shallbe able to solve the grand social problem which now forces itself on the attention ofthe civilised world . The _Asti-Ricviebs continue the war , and will not be " put down , " as witness the following "titbits : " - '
The Sheriff of Cattaraugus county went to eject a man from his home for the benefit ofa landlord , but a few "benevolent Indians appeared and wonld not aUow sneh tax unchristian act . The sheriff went next day with a greater force , but the Indians were then 100 strong , and _jgain said Say ! Ihe Sheriff of Albany having been deputed on an official errand to Schoharie county on the subject of rent , the Indians have reappeaxed in that region . Ah _Ikiibel CosvEsnos has been held at New 'fork . It was attended , it appears , by about fire hundred persons probably about one half of whom were delegates n-picsenting ten states of the "Union . Robert Owes was present , and addressed the meeting . In ihe course of his address he said , — " He
objected _totheassumpnon of the name Infidel to distin guish this or any similar meeting . Thetennwastoo narrow , too negative in its signification . It implied hostility and condemnation . If tins meeting was actuated by the spirit and contemplated the objects which he believed it did , he would prefer the title of " Convention of the Friends of Universal Mental freedom and TJiuimited Charity . '" Bnt _aero-rding to Young America the delegates , after a protracted discussion , resolved to retain tiie name of Infidel , having organised themselves into a body under the title of " The Infidel Association for theProtectionof Mental Liberty . " Young America remarks : — " The spurious and inefficient Christianity of the day has given -rise to this , bold organisation . " No further nartieulars are * riven in the naners before ns .
O ' Co-sseii . A 5 D the _Americass . —The recent offer of O'Connell to furnish Irish troops to tiie British Government for the _acquisition of Oregon on condition of an Irish Parliament in College-green , has called forth a storm of indignation against the worthy mountebank from his heretofore American admirers . The most formidable of all the American Repeal Associations , that of Baltimore , has , in consequence ofhis speech , _dissolved , and transferred its funds to the Hibernia Association , Some of the papers launch out against King I / an in no measured terms ; and , in reply to his anti-slavery diahiocs , bid hini look at home , where his fellow-countrymen , robbed of tiie soil , are reduced to a state of actual slavery , quite as galling as that of the Hack labourers of the _sonQiern states . True , Brother Jonathan !
PROGRESS OF DEMOCRACY IN SWEDEN . We refer the reader to our first page for the report ofthe speech of King Oscib on dosing the session of the Diet ; it is _aTrery different sort of speech to those commonly uttered by _Earopean sovereigns , and stands in noble contrast witii the inanities and " soft sawder "" ' invariably pot into the mouth of our " most gracious Queen . " News from Sweden is se rare that we have _gi-eat difficulty in learning what is going on in ihat noble countiy . It appears , however , that the press has achieved perfect freedom . The periodical press had been subject since 1812 to a particular fcad of censure called " miagnmgsmakt , " or power of suppression . This power of the Government has feeen relinquished by King Oscar . There henceforward is to be tnennial instead of qirino _^ ennia
Parliaments . By a law of tiie 19 th December , 1614 , most of tiie "foraprivilegiata" have been abolished By alawof 23 th November , 1 _& L 4 , several troublesome regulations affecting foreigners traTellingin Sweden havehhewise been abolished . By the law of 21 st ? f .- * reh , 1844 all lotteries in Sweden , as also the sale Cf tickets in foreign _Mterifs . _Jmra been _proMbited The Government has proposed the adopt ion ofa new criminal law , "vastly superior to most monarchical codes . These are _unniistakeable signs of progress A-very faTOurahle account of King Oscab . recently _apjreared in the Spectator , in which ihe writer stated that the King was decidedly opposed to the continuznee ofthe punishment of death , and was only pre vented by his _Q-jinisteR-fOTm proposing its abolition The writer adds the following : —
It is said that he has refused to aUow any money to he ranployed in subsidy to a newspaper in behalf of the Hinistrv ; saying , "No ; let every body write as they please . " We mean nothing but what is rig ht ; and I am persuaded that that Which is right will find defenders in Ihe press without a salary . " He had been heard to say d the remarks of the press on his own measures , " In this they are right ; we have been _mistaken f or , " Here they are wrong ; we will persevere , whatever noise they mate . The measure is good , and the clamonr will subside - fter a _tane . " . . Success to the Swedes , and success to their king , so long as hc abides by , and acts up to fhe sentiments above ascribed to hini ! MARCH OF TIIE NEW REFORMATION .
The movement of the Garman Catholic Church continues to advance , _despite tiircatened andactive _peiwciition . We announced last week that Mettee skb had addressed the representatives of Austria at all the German Courts , enjoining them to do all in their power to discourage the new movement , _tte have now news down to the 16 th of May , from which it appears that the King of Prussia , although _ he has not declared against the new church , yet withholds his _recognition of it , and without _-aim recog nition _ei ! d * _iaaBticirda _^( _maTriage , for _instanee ) which itvolve legal rights are invaUd . This renders the _oesiues
podtior of theRefonnersoneof great harusmp , operating as areal , though unavowed , persecution of the _neVopinions . In some places the meetings of the new sect have been opposed by fanatics . An attack , too , was made on the person of Light , one ot the leaders of themovement , byamob _atB-fflicastel , _* _nappilv he was rescued at a critical , moment . An attanpt has been also made to assassinate _Oxebski , and that person's rehitions are subjected to considerable persecution . The attack on Czerski gave -rise to the false report that Rosge had been assassinated . .
On the other hand , an additionalnumber of Roman Cathoiicpriests have joined the newchurch _iuuw f * _e _ssme Polish priests . The Grand Duchy ot Hesse Darmstadt has declared in favour of the new _i _& nxh , _.-ird amongst the seceders from Rome we _Jjnst specially mention Dr . Besbt _Schbobbb , _. Cat ? ° « c priest , and professor of history in the _umver-*" - _* ¦ of FKibur * - * , a stronghold of the Jesuits ,, who j ™ Joined the tjerman Catholic Church . Such is a _•^• tf _samraary ofthe _erents in relation to the move ¦ fflent down to the 16 th ult . , _^ _,. , We have now to request the attention of our _•^ ers to tiie Mowing extracts from a curious _ari _& _e ' mtheEngtish Ckurchmanof the 5 thinstant : —
_The _eriaKfion of the "Holy Tunic of onr Blessed Saviour /* at Treves , has "been made the occasion of an _acitement as nnprecedentea as it was _uninfected , and * _* inch has now lasted many months , and been attended with very momentous and lamentable consequences . It _•» 8 _«* alled _*{ bruia * aew " "Reformer , *' a " second Luther , " the founder of a new sect , Bonge and the German Catholic (* hurch is the theme that fills every month . From the Baltic to the Alps , in the royal palaces of Dresden or -Berlin , and in the humble cottages of Swiss valleys ; in " ** _5-rcture rooms of Konigsberg or Bonn , and on the
The American Reformers. Qnr Readers Will...
during the last srx months has occupied the _untorsal oT _£ _m _^^^ _' _^ P _^ _efiUedwithpamphlet onthe title-page 0 f which stands Konge ' s name ; _nrinti _shopsare _decoratedirith _Ronge _' s picture ; honest burghers , who pride themselves on being good Protestants and haters of pnestcraft , smoke pipes on which are displayed Rouges features ; writers of dull comedies insert a few _aUuaons or a song in praise of Ronge , and the theatres are shaken with the plaudits of admiring multitudes . At the first glance one would think that there is prevalent a wonderful zeal for religion and doctrinal truth , and _aatmm believe that Honge has powerfully advanced the cause of both . No such thing ; these good people bestow _theirappla-aBeina theatre—they are never seen to give then * prayers in a church—they subscribe towards presenting a silver bowl or goblet to Ronge ; they suffer those of their own confession to live as heathens rather than contribute towards supplying them with the ministrations OF . religion .
What then is the charm ! what is the cause of all this excitement ? It is the triumph of Rationalism . Already m anticipation , do they see the power , which alone during so many years has stemmed the tide of infidelity , the power of the Catholic Church , swept away bythe increasing current ; already do they behold the time , when Ronge and Czerski , and their church , will be thrown aside and forgotten , and Germany will be one in irreligion and _^ difference . _Sor , to a certain extent have they miscalculated ; for , even now has the confession of faith promulgated by Czerski been abandoned for one drawn up , it is said , by Bruno Bauer , the ultra-rationalist author of the " Critique of Vie Gospels ; " even now have hymns been introduced , the compositions of Heine , the infidel leader of the most democratic section of the school called "Young Germany . " # * * *
The schism of Ronge wonld , however , have created but a temporary sensation , had not , by a strange coincidence , another event occurred at the same time ; an event which , although it made less noise in the world , was of much greater real _importaac * , the schism Of fee-ski , the Catholic priest at Schneideraiihl , and the formation by him of a _« German Catholic Church , " independent of the Roman hierarchy . This body already numbers mow than twenty congregations in some of the principal towns in Germany ; some of these congregations count their members by thousands ; they have held a council ; they have put forth confessions of faith ; they have ordained
ministers ; they are eagerly and zealously making converts ; they are encouraged bythe loudly expressed sympathy and the pecuniary aid of their Protestant countrymen ; they have on their side ( with the single _exception ofthe Evangelische Kirchenzeituxig ) the whole Protestant press of Germany . Even Dr . Bretschneider , the most distinguished , after _"JTeander , of German theologians , has warmly espoused their cause . On the other hand they are regarded with distrust , on account of the political principles of their friends , by the Protestantgovernments ; anil they are naturally opposed by the whole power ofthe Roman Chm-ch .
A curious article this truly , to appear in a Protestant paper ; bnt it must be remembered that this professedly Protestant paper is still more avowedly the organ of the Puseyites : and this article will give our readers who may know little or nothing of that _ghosfly sect , a very fair idea of their aims . See how this Puseyite writer mourns over the decline of Romanism in Germany , and the advance ofthe German people in Rationiu knowledge . His admissions of the wide-spreading influence of the newmovement
and hishowlinga at the "triumph of Rationalism " cannot fail to afford tiie friends of free thought no Utile pleasure . Whatis Rationalism ? Theexercise of man ' s reasonin the _^ pursuit of truth . Shall we then deplore ihe triumph of reason , and lamest the downfall of priestly bigotry ? Read the article from the Brighton Herald we append to this , and learn froin that what priests of all sects were in the days before Rationalism was known amongst men . Let priest craft triumph over Rationalism , and a return to those days would be inevitable .
THE CRIMES OP PRIESTS—EXCOMMUNICATION
f from we BnoMon Herald . ) Under the cathedral in the city of Mexico there is buried the great idol which was worshipped by the inhabitants of that country before it was conquered by the Spaniards , Bullock had it disentombed , and a drawing made from it . A more hideous thing was never conceived by the brain of priests so prolific in all that is terrible . It represented the Deity as a huge monster , frith extended jaws eager to devour human victims . Nor was it a mere fictious representation , for 60 , 000 human victims were annually offered up to appease the supposed appetite of the infernal Deity for human blood . Horrid and appalling as this is , it was not more terrible to the most inoffensive people upon earth , the poor priest-ridden Mexicans , than the power and consequences of excommunication have been to the people of Christendom .
Excommunication , like the idol of the Mexicans , has had its day . Both are now entombed ; bnt with this _difierenoe—the idol is , as far as it can be , destroyed ; but the power of excommunication , though not exercised , still crisis in onr laws , and might , under circumstances , not probable , but possible , be revived _. It is with no small satisfaction , therefore , we see that Lord Cottcnham has brought a Bill into the House of Lords , which has been read without opposition , except from the Bench of Bishops , not indeed wholly to abolish the power of excommunication , but to remove it from thc Ecclesiastical Courts , and confer it upon a new , central , and lay court . For such a court to exercise the spiritual power would manifestly be an absurdity , and we therefore conclude that the power of excommunication is to be virtually abolished ; but in such a way as to give as _litth offence as possible to the clergy * aud their lordships on Uie Bishops'Benches ,
The power of excommunication was exercised by thi Roman Catholic church with great vigour during thi " Ages of Faith ; " it was the usual preliminary to handing over some wretched man , woman , or child to the civil power to be burnt to death ! and was the prelude to the sacrifice of hundreds of thousands of human victims . But there is not a church in existence , or that ever had existence , but wonld hare acted precisely as the church of Rome did under similar circumstances . John Knox , the author of tlio Scotch Presbyterian church , openly claimed this awful power , lnhii own _history (" page 133 ) he says , " ye may perchance contemn an despise thc excommunication of the ( _Presbyteria-a ! this rt formed !) church now , by God ' s mighty power erecte among us , ass thing of no force ; but doubt we notlun , hut that our church and the true ministers of the sum have the saw * power which our master Jesus Chris granted to the Apostles . "
"It is not possible , " says tbe Edinburgh Renew ( " Or . Civil and ReUgious Libert }"! , "for the most bigotteii Catholic to inculcate more distinctly tbe complete extir nation of the opinions and worship of the Protestants than John Knox inculented , as a most sacred duty incura bent on the Civil Government iu the first instance , and , i * the Civil Government be r < miss . on the people ( whoa Knox himself called a " rascal multitude" ) , to extirpntt completely the opinions and worship ofthe Catholirs , an . even to mai ; a <* re the Catholics , man , woman , and child !" We here see the same priestly , arrogant , cruel , anc ' reckless eagerness for blood in this founder of the Scottig }< church as animated the clergy of the Catholic church in the "Ages of Faith . " Cranmer was the Knox of the English church .
"Everybody knows , " says the Edinburgh Bctitw ( th » words of which _weprtfer to our own ) , " that the warrant for the execution ( of Joanna Bocher ) was extorted frou . the young and reluctant Prince ( Edward "VI . ) by the urgent _remonstranci'S of Cranwtr , the Protestant Primate : who , by a just retribution , suffered himself « J a heretic , in the _snect eding aj _* v . " How has the poet ' s line , " The mercy I to others show , that mercy show to me , " been fiTgotttn by priests ! _«* Grotius and La _***! ner . Locke and Newton , those great and pious men , who are au honour to human nature and the most illustrious advocates of Christianitj _' , would have been adjudged by the first reformers , as well as by Catholics , —by Cranmer and Knox as well as by Bonner and Beaton , —to be worthy of death in thepresent world ; and of everlasting misery in the world to come . Thc -martyrdoms of Servetus ( by the Calvinists ) , and of Joanua Bocher in England , are notable instances of the religious freedom which prevailed in the pure and prisiitiec state of the Protestant churches . "—E dinburgh Bevicw . _|
And in all cases of persecution and death the victims were first excommunicated and then burnt under the writ de herttico eoxnburexulo . * Thus , in consequence of a letter of Innocent Till ., 80 , 000 women aud children wcre burnt to death in afew years as witchee , in which acts the hands of Protestants were as deeply imbrued as Catholics . Thus , so long as churches were sanctioned in their sanguinary objects by the State , were one portion of mankind permitted to sacrifice another , and all , as they pretended , for the glory of God ! In point of number the victims to intolerance in Christendom may perhaps fall short of the victims of intolerance in Pagan Mexico , and perhaps not ; but in both cases wc see a tyrannical priesthood , the scourge of
mankind . "Excommunication , under our mild reformed church , savs _Blackstone ( vol . 3 , page 101 ) , "is two-fold—the less and the greater . " The less excludes the accused party from the sacraments : a right which every congregation possesses and ought to possess . Aud here the power ought to begin and end . But the law , to use the _mUd language of Tory Blackstone , " _compasaonately - steps in to the aid of ecclesiastical jurisdiction , and _hbxdbj lends a hand toan . otherwise tottering authority ; and then we are told that a person cannot 1 stbe
excommunicated by our _toler-int church , heard as a witness in court _; 2 nd , cannot serve on juries ; 3 rd , cannot bring an action , either real or personal _^ to recover lauds or money due to Urn ; 4 ft , * _*»•"«*» doesnotacknowledge his _feult within forty days , he may he imprisoned till reconciled to the church ( that is , for ever ) . Blackstone passes very lightly over these fnghtftl laws stUl on the statute-book . An excommunicated person is put out of the protection of the law , and was " accursed , " and may be deprived of every civil right , such as being guardiantrusteeSueSue
, , , The form of exconmuni- * ationmakes one's blood curdle with horror and indignation . We give one , as a specimen of the priestly art of cursing ( the whole may be fonnd in a work in everybody's hands , Sterne ' s Tristram Shandy , with Uncle Toby's ejaculations on the reading thereof ) . An excommunication was published in the "Ages of Faith" "by every parishpnest in his holy vestments ( we quote Henry ' s History of England ) , with "bells tolling , _andcandles lighted , before the congregation , in the mother tongue , on Christmas , Easter ,
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Pentecost , and Allballows day . That these excommuni cations might make the greater impression on tender cob . _Sf _Porous natures , the , contained the most horrible _rnfernal curses that could be devised - - "Let them be accursed eating and drinking ; walking and sitting ; __ speaking and holding their peace ; waking and sleeping , rowing and riding ; laughing and weeping ; in the house and in the field ; bn water and on laud , in all places . Cursed be they in their heads and in their thoughts ; their . eyes and their ears ; their tongues and tbeirhps ; their teeth and their throats ; tlieir shoulders and their breasts ; their feet and their legs * * # Let them remain accursedfrom the bottom of the foot to the crown of the head , unless they bethink themselves and come to satisfaction ; and just as this candle is deprived of its present light , so let them be deprived of their souls in hell . Many of the " curses" arc too horrid and indecent to be repeated .
"Butwhy , "it maybe asked , "rake up these things now ? " To remind Governments and people from what they have escaped ; to guard them against ever permitting the ¦ civil law to aid priests and churches in their aspirations for power , which , in their hands , is always accompanied by tyranny and cruelty ; and to express our gratification that the power to excommunicate is , by Lord Cottenham ' s Bill , to be taken from thc clergy in England for ever .
* This Writ Was Abolished (To The Regret...
* This writ was abolished ( to the regret of the clergy ) , by 29 Car . 2 , but the abolition was not extended to America till after the war of Independence .
Wraltme Anu Lotttmlture*
_Wraltme anU _lotttmlture *
Field-Garden Operations. For The Week Co...
FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS . For the Week commencing Monday , June llth , 1844 . [ Extracted _^ om a Dual of Aetwl _Qncratfons On _Svea _* a - _* aMarinsontheestatesofMrc . Davies Gilbert , near Eastbourne , in Sussex ; and on several model farms on the estates of the Earl of Dartmouth at Slaithwaite , in Yorkshire , published by Mr . Nowell , of Farnley Tyas , near Huddersfield . in order to guide other possessors of field gardens , by showing them what labours ought to be undertaken ou their own lands . The farms selected as models are—First Two school farms at Willingdon and Eastdean , of
five acres eaeh , conducted by G . Cruttenden and John Harris . Second . Two private farms , of five or six acres : one worked hy Jesse Piper , the other by John Dumbrell—the former at Eastdean , the latter at Jevington—all of them within a few miles of Eastbourne . Third . An industrial school farm at Slaithwaite . Fourth . Severalprivatemodelfaraw near the _saineplace . _Theconsecutiveoperationsinthesereports will enable the curious reader to compare the climate and agricultural value of the south with the north of England . The Duet is aided by _"Notesand Observations " from the pen of Mr . Nowell , calculated for the time and season , which we subjoin .
"The culture of the ground is thy happiest state , O man ! Envy not the possession of gold , silver , or fine raiment . Their joys may not be so great as thine : for these joys lead unto sloth , and a life of slothfulness is prone to vanity and imaginings of eviL " Note . —Me school farms are cultivated by boys , whs in return for three hours' teaching in the morning , give three hours of their labour in the afternoon for the master ' s benefit , ivhieh renders the schools _selesupporting . We believe that at Farnly Tyas sixsevenths of the produce of the school farm will be assignedtothe boys , and 6 _m-seventhtotiieniaxter , who will receive the usual school fees , help the boys to cultivate their land , and teach thtxn , in addition to reading , writing , dec , to convert their produce into bacon , by attending to pig-keeping , which at Christmat may be divided , after paying rent and levy amongst them in proportion to iheir services , axid bemadethusindirectl y to reach their parents in a way the most grateful to their feelings , !
8 CB 8 EX . _Mosdax—IRKi ' _noiioii School . Boys sowing white tur nips where the mangel wurzel missed . Eastdean Sclwol . Boys mowing clover for hay , digging between ana earthing potatoes , and hipping off the blossoms . Piper . Hoeing potatoes . Dumbrell Cutting up tare stubble to put in the pig-ground . Tuesday — WiUingdon School . Boys sowing white turnips as yesterday . Eastdean School . Boys hoeing forward turnips , transplanting some , and preparing ground for cabbage . Piper . Driving mould to the mixen . DumbreU . Digging up tare ground , and planting cabbages . Wedsespay—Willingdon School . Boys hoeing among the potatoes . Eastdean School ! Boys emptying pails , planting cabbages , and pouring tank liquid around them . Piper . _Emptying the tank liquid
on the mixen . Dumlrcll . Hoeing potatoes , and digging rye grass . # _Thubbdav—FiHi ' _iiodoii-ScfiooJ . Boys digging for white turnips . Eastdean . School . Boys turning clover , hoeing mangel wurzel and potatoes , and picking blossom . Piper . Digging up tare ground , and pouring all the liquid I can get upon it . DumbreU Hoeing potatoes , and digging up rye grass . Fnu > AY— Willingdon School . Boys hoeing and weeding carrots . Eastdean School . Boys carrying clover hay , digging between the carrot rows , and picking weeds . Piper . Digging tare ground , and sowing turnips . Dumbrell . Cutting up tare stubble , _stackinghay . Saiurdat— Wtilingdon School . Boys hoeing and weeding carroU . Eastdean School . Boys thatching the hay-rick , cleaning out pails and p iggery . Piper _Hoeinepotatoes . DumbreU . Digging up rye
grass-YORKSHIRE . Operations during the week . Slaithwaite School . Boys preparing r / o and tare stubble , planting 1300 cabbages , digging , breaking clods , gathering roots . C . Varley weeding and toeing potatoes , emptying tank , applying liquid to cabbages , emptying privy pails . _COW-FESWNO . Willingdon School . Cows stall-fed on clover . _Piixr's . Cows _Btall-fed on clover and lucerne , doing well . DunbreU ' s . Two oowa stall-fed with tares . Slaithwaite School . Cows stall-fed with tares and rye . C . Parley ' s fed en mown grass .
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS . The Cottage _Comtorier , or Cow . —The most valuable breed for cottagers is perhaps . the Scotch or Insh . They are more hardy than the higher breeds of cattle , and let it be the end , aim , and hope of the cottager to get one of these valuable creatures if he can . Their milk is rich , and yields a quantity of capital cream : neither are they dry so long as the arger breeds , wluch makes them valuable to a poor man . When onoe you do become possessed of one of these best _eifts , use her kindly , keep her warm , and well littered with fern or straw . Give her good seasoned and well salted food , —as much water as she likes to drink , —and often use the currycomb .
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From A To B A Path Is Laid Down, Dividin...
From A to B a path is laid down , dividing the plots , by which _manureis wheeled from the yard , and more easily applied to the right or left beds , both under the same crop . In this plan the same crop returns once in seven years . For instance , take the p lot No . 1 , which suppose cropped with oats or barley the present year ; then the second or next year it will be cropped wiwi clover , the third year with autumn potatos , and , when they come off , with a stolen or double crop that vear . The fourth year's cron will be winter potatos ,
* & e . ; after the seventh year the crop will agaui be followed by oats , Ac . Or , take another example . In the fourth division , winter potatos will be followed by tares and a stolen or second crop , then by winter potatos the sixth year . Thus , according to Mr . _Blacker ' s design , on a two-acre farm , supposing the bouse , offices , Ac ., and garden to occupy one rood , the field-gardener will have one road of grain , one rood of turnips , three roods of potatos , one rood of tares . <> ne rood of clover , two roods of stolen crop , viz ., rape after tares , and stubble turnips after early potatos .
TABLE . _AVtritiuc power ef wtriows substances , _dedtwed / r 0 m experiment . _, l » . s * * - _* Good Meadow Hay 100 worth 3 8 Good Clover Hay 90 " 3 3 Green Clover . 475 •« 5 8 Wheat Straw 450 " W § Barley Straw 300 " 3 7 Oat Straw 300 " 63 PeaStraw 125 " 1 § New Potatos 200 " 5 « Old Potatos .. 400 " 10 0 Carrots 275 " 6 0 Turnips , 500 ' * * * Cabbage 280 " 3 « Peas and Beans 40 " 3 0 Wheat 40 " * J Barley ..... 55 " 6 0
From A To B A Path Is Laid Down, Dividin...
; Oats ...... m „ 3 9 _, Indian Corn 65 " 4 7 Vetch Hay 40 " 12 Oil Cake . , i > # t 30 " 2 4 . Examples : — Thus clover , _OOfos ., wliich costs 3 s . 3 d ., _VL 1 ? }\ _susteuring power , used as cattle food , to lOOBs . of hay , which costs 3 s . 8 d . Again , oil cake , 301 bs ., worth 2 s . 4 d ., is equal to _lOOIbs . of hay , worth 3 s . 8 d ., and so on , . _UXIO-V Op ; TUB F . ICT 0 _RT AND _FlELD GARDEN * . — Aleltham Mills arc situate in one of those romantic glens near the Appenmc chain of hills , in the west of Yorkshire . There Messrs . Brook have extensive cotton and silk mills . They find themselves at the
head of . a great family of workmen , and feel that " property iws its duties as well as its rights . " Already a church and school are reared for the benefit of their people . They are chaste in design and ornaments of the neighbourhood . There is another ornament—an appendage to the factories , in an Industrial Farm ot a few acres , where the unemployed workmen are occasionally occupied in the pursuits of field gardening . We hope , ere long , to see the little hands of children employed in such pursuits , learning to gain their daily bread from the soil , while they receive _ui the school , during part ofthe day , a share of learning . If the surplus labour of the factory be applied in this manner to adorn that glen , it may be made even more beautiful than it was left by nature .
An Example Of A Small Farmer. Here Is Ri...
AN EXAMPLE OF A SMALL FARMER . Here is right good sense ; and we entreat our friends in the cjQntry to think over it , and act on it : — " Well , not a penny had I on this earth , but seven and sixpence , the price of one bonneen ; nothing on my back but one shufte of clothes , barring the bundle I had on my stick ; but blessed be God , I was not beholden for all that * his reverence , Mr . Montgomery , gave _w a character uuder his hand , and ivith that to produce , r got work in the county Kildare , where there ' s a power of knowledge entirely .
« Mr . Fitzgerald was not a rale estated gentleman his self , but he managed the estate for the head of his family , and 1 soon found that all agents are not alike , it ' s no lie to say that he has ' ent his match ; what I saw in his place was a rale curiosity ; such draining , and crops , and cattle , and manuring ; the weeds quite as scarce as the ha-pence in my pocket ; and I had ' ent , when I first began in bis service , one , fatthing left except what was gone mtra-yel ling expenses . " Ten-pence a day was my rcg'lar wages , the master allowed no holidays , and had work for foul weather as well as fair . I was rather handy ; and the mistress gave me odd jobs of the evenings , after 1 had done wid the master—basket-making and other nic-nncs , always paying me very exact either to the hour or for the job , so that I could count on my airnings ; but what set me up entirely , was leave to sleep in the offices , for "Mr . "Fitzgerald soon perceived that I was ' ent one for keeping company , and that I made no acquaintance out of the place .
" One half of my wages kept mc in food , and I soon got a few decent rags on ray back ; then come the time for saving my wages , and och!—how thankful 1 was that our master did ' ent keep holidays , especially when I came to put jny savings into the bank ; mostly , ten shillings a month , s * that at tbe year ' s end I had nearly six pounds . Mr . Fitzgerald ' s farm was a picture ; I never see'd the like for regulation and cleanliness . M y heart riz when I looked at the comfort and plenty , and what could be made out of land . Its then I longed for as mueh as one rood to myself ; to be watching the seeds growing after my hand , and to try if I eould ' ent do something . Well , at long and last , I took courage and spoke to tbe master , for he had no more pride nor a child ; and , sure enough , he ietg me have an acre . A prouder boy was ' ent in Kildare , and that ' s a big word , thau myself that same night , especially when I sat down alone wid my luck , the rushlight , and the sallies , working in the loft at mistress ' s baskets , and thinking of the marcy and goodness that followed me , undeserving as I was of the same .
. " The bit of a field was poor enough , but I had it for twenty shillings , cess and _renr-charge included ; and , being fuQ of hillocks and hollows , wid plenty of stoues on the surface , was no bad practice for a young boginner . I set a small boy to gather the stones by task-work ; and on the twenty-fifth day of March , afore day in the morning-, just sixteen months after laving home , 1 put my first spade into my own bit of land , and dug at a drain till the labourer ' s bell rang at the master ' s ; for ye may believe was ' ent going to quit his employment , no not for one week in the year . My little farm had a wet bottom , and draining is expensive in point of time , but there ' s nothing pays so well as well-made drains : some calls them French ; but supposing they are , its bad to be above learning , even from one ' s enemies , as I ' ve often observed when I came to know something _.
"As the evenings grew longer , my work got on lively , I hired a small diligent boy to help me in after-hours ; and by the middle o April we had covered in some of the drains and was putting in my first potatoes . The land was rale ould pasture ; and by laying out a trifle on manure I had an early and plentiful crop , for the seeds were of the best , and they were kept as clane as the mistress ' s flower-beds . By the end of September my field was a picture to look at , as flat as your hand , and ready for wheat ; the master , God bless him , lent me his beautiful plough and lovely harrow , for I'll do the quality that justice , Master Furlong , they are noways discouraging , especially wid young beginners , and where they see an inclination to industry .
" The half-acre of wheat brought me eight pounds clear profit ; the rood of early potatoes four , and the other rood , which I kept for seed , was valued at fire , so yer ivill see that in thc course of one year I had substance to the worth of Beventeon pounds , not counting the Straw nor the clover coming on , nor a pretty decent Show Of rape put in after the early potatoes . I mostly working with Mr . Fitzgerald at my regular wageB , except the few days I was putting in my little crops , or digging out the garden , and that was mostly done after hours , Thc early morning and the evenings , for eight months in the year , with a little gossoon at _thi-ee-peuce a-day , kept thc ground clear and gathered manure : it ' s a waste of time , above all things , that brings poverty . I have now nearly six years' experience as a labouring man and a small farmer , and know to a farthing the value of fifteen minutes . "
"Signs on ye , Martin , " responded the mistress ofthe house with ready approbation ; " why that onc acre of ground and the usage you gave it , was no less than a bank at command . " " The beat of all banks , ma am ( replied Martin ) , more safe and profitable , paying interest with honesty three times a year , and increasing in wealth the more that ' s drew from it . The clover shouldering the wheat , and the turnips runuing after the early potatoes , not forgetting the lucerne distancing all . " "Youlive convenient to the Curragh ( observed Furlong ) ; who knows but the luck blows in that quarter V "By no _trs-ns _, Master Furlong , it ' s _nuithur a gambling nor a horse-racing spec , that I'm advocating ; but the rotation farm , and the system , the clean crops , the drain ing , and , above all , the manure heap . When I threshed out the wheat and had plenty of straw , my next gain was a springer for _* ed in calf . "
" Heaven save us 1 ( cried Mrs . Furlong ) a springing cow widoutone rood of pasture ; why , man alive , where did she graze ? or was she kept up like a coach-horse _**" "You're not far out there , Mistress Furlong ; cleanliness and comfort are as wholesome for cattle as for Christians ; I saw plain enough how well the master ' s cows throve with good usage , and was resolved not to be behind hand ; a small shed was easily built up in the corner ofthe field , and a little bit of a straw-yard . And what wid the rape , and the small potatoes , and the cabbages , and 8 omecabbages thatedgcdthepotatoe-ridge , withatrifle of "bought hay , the cratur didn't starve . I had a small patch of lucerne , too , which cuts over and over , so that between the green food and the warm lodgiug _, she came on surprising ; her manure soon cleared the cost of the hay . Och , how my heart riz , when I milked my own cow , rubbed her down like a horse , and led her to tho water . She was in poor condition when I bought her , but of a good breed , and becanie in no time the greatest beauty in the place . "
Michael looked at Rosy , she smiled _; his heart riz toothey both thought of "Norab , and Martin went on . " It ' s the greatest of waste , Mister Furlong , to pasture a milch cow ; no one would believe it that hadn ' t tried the two ways , but its waste of all kinds which ruins the country ; all sorts of food is as wholesome fresh cut , as eat off the field ; and clover especially is much better after some hours . Then to see that same growing again and again , instead of beiDg trampled down and run over afew shillings' worth of Gypsum , if thrown on overnight when the dew ' s on the grass , or a prospect of a shower , will bring on a second crop most surprising ; but 1 havn't come yet to guano , which is the wonderfulest of all . However , they say that our own druggists at home can make manure equal to any sorts of animals , and if
that be the case any poor man can farm a bit of land , or turn his hand to a small garden , without'the expense ofa cow ; supposing he ' s a turn for industry ; but it ' s idleness and loss of time which keeps down the generality . Ifthe day comes on wet , and a man laves off work , he walks into the house and sits down by the fire , or shrinks away to the forge to talk to the svavh ; till the place gets so throng they can't Mow the bellows , while many a job is wanting at home , which the rain woldn't hinder at all . The walls of the barn moulding with dirt , or thc cowhouse unpaved , the hens roosting about , and losing their eggs for want of a bit of a hen-house ; or the fox taking the turkeys because there is a hole in tbe door , or the Tats eating tine young _flMlis , when a few slates WOUld secure them , or a bit of board would secure the whole clutch . "
"Ye say nothing but what's true ( returned Furlong ) , but how can poor creatures help their misfortunes ? Now there ' s Judy Goss lost seven young geese , and if sixpence could buy her-the compliment of slates , she couldn't , I ' ll answer , compass that same . " " I can't believe it , Mister Furlong , begging your pardon . Wouldn't the price of one barrel of potatoes fix up a tidy place for the poultry ; and how many stones and _balH-stones doeB Judy or the likes of her sell to buy tea _S It ' s not the want of a sixpence betimes , or the manes of raising It , but it ' s the untidiness and the want of forethought , Didn't the sow eat up ohicken after chicken from her floor , as she told ns , and aU bwase she went on the same way , throwing them their food on the open yard or the kitchen floor ? Now where was the sty , or tho pig-trough 1 or where was her son , letting all go to loss ?" " "Larry Goas is after what wont come to much good , I fear ( observed old Furlong ) . He ' s not going the way to pay his own rent , or keep the roof over his mother ' s head , oii _^ i _dlhurhis time , and keeping company himself and
his whole family , working-days and holidays , at home and abroad . But go on wid your story , wc have not come to the wife yet . They say in these parts that she is _' cnt the worst of yer luck , and that she brought ye a fortune . " " I had fifteen pounds from her father , sure enough , but the money wasn't what I thought most of when choosing a companion ; for many a woman wastes more than she brings . It was what I saw of her conduct tbat settled my mind , her quiet behaviour , and stay-at-home ways . What she gathered herself was more than her fortunea good feather bed , a box full of clothes , two quilted quilts , two wheelR , aud twelve dozen of yarn . Now there ' s few girls that mightn ' t have tiie like , if they kept to the house and minded their work . But I didn't think of a wife till I had a place to keep her . From less to more , the master increased iny Uttle holding ; I got a tidy farm of four
acres , and a snug cabin , and an enclosed yard ; we are in it tliese two year last Lady-day , and keep three dairy cows . For there ' s no better hand for butter than Ellen ; she gets the head of the market for her cools , and a shilling a pound from private families for what she sells fresh , when the quality is in "Dublin . Av course I no longer work out by the day , except when Mr . Fitzgerald is hurried , or tbe like . Of winter ' s nights I still make baskets for the mistress ; neyther man nor boy should be above earning an houest penny , and thc wages of industry are sweet . Our cows are well fed , and as I keep them constantly in the straw-yard , they take time and trouble , tut it is time well spent to good profit , for they are
making manure all the summer , never without plenty of bedding and plenty of food—clover , mangel-wurzel , and turnips in turn—for since this stuff called guano was brought from foreign parts , no man need be without his complement of turnips , and I ' ve seen enough now not to _bedespising trials . You'll be surprised to hear that we skim ouv cramc , not sweet , like some , bnt after three males . There ' s greater profit of butter , and the bottoms of the crocks is more nourishing for man and haste than buttermilk . We have three pigs fattening for bacon—n breeding SOW of the first quality , and poultry , av course . Plenty to eat for every cratur , ourselves , the ass . and the two ' prentice children . "
Most of Martin ' s hearers bad heard his tale before but itwas no lesB interesting , and Michael , full of admiration , felt all his energies at work again . Not quite six years and six months . '—beginning as a daily labourer , without a shilling to the fore , laying by money out of his wages—and now a farmer . Keeping a dairy ; possessed of three cows , two calves , apprentice boy and girl , pigs and poultry ; yet all was accounted for , oil brought about b y the personal diligence , economy , and observation of one man . By making tbe most of every hour—by learning from those who had knowledge to teach—by abstaining from liquor—from combinations —meetings—and unprofitable company .
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Sheffield. On Wednesday, June 4th, A Mee...
SHEFFIELD . On Wednesday , June 4 th , a meeting was held in the Democratic Reading-room , Fig-tree-lane , to take into consideration the propriety of forming a branch of thc Chartist Co-operative Land Society ; Mr . Carthage was called to the chair . The rules having been read , the following resolution was unanimously agreed to : — " That we form a branch ofthe Chartist Co-operative Land Society forthwith . " Thirteen paid an instalment _. on their shares directly ; and from the enthusiasm manifested since the meeting , it is fully expected that by thc next meeting we shall number about forty . The Mowing persons were elected as a committee : —Henry Fryer , Charles Lievsley , Aaron Birkinshaw , George Goddard , George Gallemore ; Thomas Briggs , treasurer ; _GoergeCavill , sub-secretary . It was afterwards arranged that the meetings should be held every Wednesday night at eight o ' celok .
LANCASHIRE . Meeting op the South Lancashire Deputies . — A -meeting of deputies from the various localities of South Lancashire in connection with the National Charter Association , was held on Sunday last , in the large anti-room of the Carpenters' Hall , Garret-road , Manchester , to consider the best mode of again arousing the energies of the Charfets in this division of the county . The meeting was well attended , there being delegates from all the principal towns in South Lancashire present , all of whom manifested an earnest desire that thc Charter agitation should assume that vigorous and determined character it formerly possessed in this part of the country . On the motion of Mr . W . Bell , seconded by Mr . A . Hirst , "Mi * . John
Murray was called on to preside . He opened the meeting in a brief speech , in which he pointed out the importance of the business which had called tliem together ; and hoped that their deliberations would be conducted with calmness and good feeling , and eventually be the means of restoring South Lancashire to its former proud place in the agitation for universal justice . The meeting was then addressed by Messrs . Bell , Donovan Rankin , Hirst , Leach , Clark , Doyle , Roberts , Dixon , Hamer , and other gentlemen . After which the following resolutions were passed unanimously : — " That we , the Chartists of South Lancashire , act strictly in accordance with the plan of organisation . " " That we recommend the re-establishment of the South Lancashire Local Lecturer's Plan . Likewise the formation of
Registration and Election Committees throughout this district . " " That the South Lancashire secretary be instructed to write to the Executive , to allow Messrs . Doyle and Clark to lecture in this district for some time . " "That we recommend to the different localities in South Lancashire to consider the Land plan laid down by the late Convention , so tliat each delegate may be able to report at the next delegate meeting , to beheld at neywoodon the last Sunday in June . " " That there be a committee appointed to report on thc propriety of getting out a local journal , and give in tlieir report at the Heywood meeting . " The thanks of the meeting were then given to the chairman , and the deputies separated , each determined to renew their exertions , in order to make the Charter a legislative enactment .
The Address of tiie Deputies to the Chartists of South Lancashire . Brother Democrats , —Our object in addressing yot _* at this time is to call your serious consideration anu attention to the resolutions and suggestions we have made during ouv deliberations ; and likewise to consider the resolutions adopted by the late Convention , and wMchyouvExecutive _Councilarc endeavouring ttcarry out to the utmost . These are measures which wi feel confident , if you assist the Executive in _carrying them out , will finally achieve for you a deciaivc victory over your oppressors , and hasten the day of universal redemption . We particularly recommend to your consideration the immediate formation of Registration and Election Committees , in order to 1 *
prepared to give the factions battle at the forthcon--Mg general election . Noio is the time to prepare 1 machinery , so that nothiug may be wanting when . % is needed . We trust , therefore , you will not neglect this important duty . We would also impress upon you the importance ofthe Land plan propounded by tl e Convention , which plan places it within the reach ol all who are willing to make the effort to become possessors of the soil , and at once emancipate themselves from the fangs of the cruel aristocracy and tyrant millocracy , who have fattened on tlieir sweat and toil . Tin ' s , brother Chartists , is worth making an effort to attain . Wo would also _siiggvst for yew consideration the propriety of publishing a cheap local journal , or'tract , embodying moral , political _.
and scienti & c essays , aud oilier _productions , which would be the means of disseminating amongst the people the true and genuine principles ol ' _demucraoj and morality ; and-thereby teach them , and lcaa thoir minds to a proper sense of their position in society : thus enabling them to know the value of liberty , that once having it , they may know how to make use of and keep it . Wo particuhvrly request that this will meet with your serious consideration , and that you will instruct yom * delegates to the next county meeting , to ba held at Heywood , oh the last Sunday of this month , to take this question up in a considerate manner , and give it tlieir best attention . In conclusion , brethren , wc entreat you , by your love of freedom—by those ties which bind
you to fatherland—by your anxiety for the happiness , comfort , and contentment of your wives and little ones , to arouse from that culpable apathy whicli has too long enshrouded you . Awake from your slumbers ! and , by actively carrying into practice the plans laid down by the late Convention , prove to the world you are determined to be free . We are sorry to say it—but it is a great truth—that the people of this country have contented themselves by talking about freedom , without taking any practical step towards obtaining it . It is equally true that former Conventions have met—have deliberated —have brought out plans : but , alas 1 it grieves us to gay the people have neglected to do tfieir part , namely , to carry them into practice . Let , however , " bygones be by-gones , " and let tho time that is past more than suffice wherein our backwardness to amend our social and political condition has been so apparent . ot
Arouse , then , and embrace the golden opportunity working out your own . salvation , by at once , and without delay , adopting the Land and other plans laid down by your own Parliament for thc amelioration of your condition . We trust that this , our appeal will not he made in vain ; but that all who profess to be Chartists will do theu- duty to the country , theu * families , themselves , and mankind universally , _lhis , brethren , is thc sincere desire and earnest prayer ot yours , in the bonds of Democracy ( on behalf of thc deputies assembled ) , Jons _Murrat , _Riciuiu _) Radford , WiUiam Dixos . Manchester , June 9 th , 1845 , Lecture . —A lecture was delivered in the Carpenters' Hall , Garret-road , on Sunday evening last , by Mr . A . Hurst , of Oldham . The audience was large , respectable , and attentive . The thanks of the meeting were given to the lecturer at the close of his
discourse . KIDDERMINSTER . On Monday Evening a meeting was held at Mr . George Holloway ' s , Nag ' s Head , Kidderminster , for the purpose of forming a branch ofthe National Land Society , when a number of -members enrolled their names , and tbe entrance money was paid of eleven shares ,
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London Corn Exchange, Monday , •'H^^J'Ni...
London Corn Exchange , Monday , _'H _^^ _j'ni _?^* arrivals of wheat and flour coastwise we 1 _"WlvS moderate during the past week , and thos . _^ o ( f Mney , '' oats , beans , and peas scanty . From _Scotti-am' _^ jjBW ' hundred quarters of barley and one small Wi of ' _oslft were received , but of the latter article a _ftittqnta & came to hand from Ireland . From abroad the _*'* _fee « i _^ te of grain wcre to a fair extent . At this moraing'B market there was a small show of wheat by _lanai ' carriage samples , from the neighbouring coufitieai-Of barley thcte'was very _littleAip , nor were the fraih arrivals of oats by any means '' large , whilst _oFbeixni 1 and peas there were lew offering . During the _lattef ' part ol'tiie past week the temperature was _M'fcr the advanced period of the' vear , but wc have ' sine *' increased heat . Atthe _^ _commenerinejit of bWfuAeM * fine fresh wheat was held verv "firmly this morning ' at ' rather above the rates of Monday last , audfe thft best qualities full prices were paid ; subseauontlvthe ' *
sale became more difficult / but buyers werennaWe'to ' purchase at lower terms . Duty-paid'foreign wheat met with very little attention ; holders refrained , however , from pressing business ; arid the few parcels which changed hands brought about former terms . In bond a cargo of fine _Danttic was taken by a miller at 42 s . per qy . Flour was held firmly , and many of the millers continue to quote the nominal * top price 45 s . per sack . Barley , though but little inquiredfor , was certainly not cheaper , indeed superior qualities 1 ( whether of English or foreign growth ) could _scarcely be bought on as easy terms as on this day se ' nnight . Malt was likewise held very firmly at late rates . ' The recently established advance on oats was not onlv maintained , but in some instances a further small improvement was realised for really sweet fresh corn . " Beans were sought after , and commanded fully as much money . Peas wcre about Is . per qv . dear . * *** . In seed there was very little _doinsr , and quotations remained nominallv unaltered .
CURRENT PRICES OF GRAIN , PER IMPERIAL QUARTER—British . e c I Wheat , Esse * , Si Kent , new & old vol 13 i 9 * Wmt « 80 56 Norfolk and Lincoln . ... Uo 4 * 48 Ditto 49 02 SoitUum . and Scotch white W 48 "Fine 49 53 Irish red old 0 0 Red _^ 3 46 Whito 47 48 Rje Old 30 31 Mew 28 M Brank 34 26 Barley Grinding .. 24 26 Distil . 27 80 Malt . 30 83 Malt Brown .... 52 64 Pale 55 59 Ware 60 62 L' _' . ' . _* i : * 9 Ticks eld Si new 34 37 Harrow 86 39 Pigeon 40 42 l'eas Grey 35 38 Maple : _* 7 38 White 88 8 » Oats Lincolns is Yorkshire 1 ' eed 22 24 Poland 24 2 ? Scotch Angus 23 25 Potato 2 « 29 ' Irish Whito 20 24 Black 21 22 Per 2801 b . net . s s \ Per 2801 b . net . e Town-made Flour ... 42 44 | Kerfolk . "• Stockton 83 84 Essex and Kent . ... 3 D 36 J Irish 35 36
Free . Bend * Foreign . s _u -5 Wheat , _Dantwe , Kojiigxbin-g _, Ac 63 57 38 42 Marks , Mecklenburg 61 52 33 St Danish , Ifolstein , and _Friei-luud red 43 45 28 _M Russian , Hard 44 4 « Soft ... 44 44 28 28 Italian , Red . . 47 48 _T \ bite . . . 51 S 2 32 86 Spanish , Hard . 40 48 Soft .... 48 62 81 34 _Rje , Baltic , Dried , ... 28 30 Unrtrioa . . 28 30 22 2 * Bailey , Grinding . 24 2 C Malting . . 28 82 19 24 Beans , Ticks . . 34 35 _Egjntian . 34 35 27 30 reus , "White . . 37 39 Maple . . 36 37 28 M Oats , Dutch , Brew aud Thick 24 2 fi ' 20 22 Russian feed 31 22 1510 Danish , Friesland feed 21 23 15 17 Flour , per barrel , 24 26 19 21
Losnos SMiinnELD Cattle Market , Monday , June 9 . —Since this day se ' nnight the imports of foreign stock for this market have been again extensive , they having comprised 111 oxen and _cows _^ 41 sheep , and 7 calves , all from Rotterdam , per the ' Ucean _, Batavier , and Columbine steamers . Generally speaking , tliese importations have proved extremely good in quality , though the sheep and car ? ea do' not come up to the expectation of the butchers . To-day wo had on offer 49 head of beasts , the whole , of whicn found ready buyers at a considerable improvement in their quotations . At theoutDorts about 200 beasts and thirty sheep have been imported from Holland The arrivals of beasts fresh up from our own grazing districts being very limited for the time of year , and tho attendance of both town and country buyers numerous , we have to report a < very brisk demand for beef , at anadvance in the quotations obtained on Monday last of from 4 d . to 6 d . per 81 b . i some ofthe primest Scots producing as much as < 5 _s . per 81 b ..
though tbe more general figures ranged froni 4 r . 8 d . to 4 s . lOd . Although there were some well made up animals , a decided falling offin weight was observable , Froni Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex , and Cambridgeshire , we received 1200 shorthorns , Scots , and homebreds ; from the northern , western , and midland counties , 300 Hcrcfords , Devons , shorthorns , Ac . ; from othor . parts of England , 300 01 various breeds ; and from Soot _, land , 490 homed and polled Scots . For the time of year we had an unusually short supply of sheep offering , there being , as was the case List week _. _nearfy thirteen thousand head less exhibited than was the case at the corresponding market day in 1844 . As mi g ht , therefore , be expected , the mutton trade wag brisk , at fully last weeks currencies . Lambs , 161 of which came to hand from thc Isle of Wight , wero in short supply , and steady inquiry , at extreme quotations . Calves , though in fair supply , moved off freely , and late rate 3 were well supported . in pigs a full average amount of business was atrain transacted .
By the quantities 01 8 ! b ,, sinking the offal . 8 . d * . i , i , Inferior coarse _bea-. _t'i . . . . 12 3 8 SocondquaUty .... 3 10 4 S Pihne _Jarga oxen .... 4446 Prime Scots , « fcc 4 8 4 10 Coarse inferior sheep . . . : > ' 8 4 0 Second quality .... 4 2 4 4 "Prime coarse _woolled ... 4 6 4 8 Prime _Southdon-n , , . 1 10 6 0 lambs 0 0 6 0 targe coarse calves .... 3 ID 4 *• Prime . small ,.,,. 4860 Suckling calves , each , . . 18 0 30 0 Large hogs ..... 3 0 8 8 Neat small porkers . . . 3 10 4 2 Quarter-old store pigs , each . , If , 0 26 0-HBAD OF CATTLE OK SAM . ( From the Books oftho Clerk ofthe Market . ) Beasts , 2 , 835- Sheep and Lamhs , 23 , 590-Calvc _** , 164—Pigs , SOD .
York Oorm Marrst , June 6 . —There is only a moderate display of samples at this day ' s market .: Freak , wheat is in' fair demand , at last week ' s prices , but chambered _sawples are dull sale . No barley offering . Oats scarce , but no alteration in their value ; the same may be said of beans . _Leeps Corn Market , Tuesdat , Jbse 10 . —Our arrivals are moderate , and thc supplies now coming forward do not seem likely to exceed tbe wants Of tho trade . Wheat Is In better demand this morning , and mst week ' s prices are firmly maintained , in some _instances rather exceeded . The _maltin- * season being very nearly over , little barley is required ; in its value there is no change . Oats , shelling , and beans , are in very fair request at full prices . Wc have now a much warmer temperature , and vegetation will bo rapidly promoted by it .
_> _Leeus Cloth Markets . —Business lias been bf a more active character than for many weeks past . The stocks arc coiu * arativelyflow—in fact , lower than is usually the case at this season . Thc month of May is always considered a dull month—but the _dnllncrs is passing away , and , judging from the transactions atthe Cloth-halls ; and we may also say at the warehouses , a brisk trade appears to be commencing , pavticularlv in goods of a fine and middle quality . There is also a good trade in fancy _cloakings and shawls . _LivEurooL Cork Market , Monday , 3 une 9 . —We ' have this week a good arrival of Irish sack flour , but of other frco produce or manufacture tlio arrivals ' arc small . Thc chief import from abroad is upwards *' of TOOO quarters of Baltic red wheat . There has : "* been no change in the scale of duties this week . The ' weather , upon the whole , has been much more
_ia-.-vouralile , and thc country around us has greatly im _* _- " proved in appearance within the last ten days . Aj few cargoes of bonded wheat have changed hands ' during the week , at 4 s 7 d to 4 s 8 d per JOlbs for lioBtock and Stettin , but thc business generally has been . - * ofa limited kind . Thc millers aud dealers have , bought cautiously of free wheat , and have been ' ablf ] to supply themselves at a small reduction in prices " , " good samples of Irish rod have been sold at 6 s 4 d to * Cs 7 d per 701 bs , and 6 s 9 d may be considered a full " value for the choicest :. Saok flour has met a mode * - ' rate demand , and the value has declined tJd to Is per 2801 bs . Oats and oatmeal have each coinmanqed fully last Tuesday ' s rates , bnt there has _been-ft' 6 _particular extent of business in either article . Beans have brought an advance of Cd to ls per quarter . Barley , Indian corn , and peas continue _muolf ' the 1 same as last quoted . ' ! ¦'• •
Manchester Corn _Mauket , Saturday , MAt _*|; i-. During the week , the weather having been df _. ai _**! exceedingly favourable character , tlio demand 'fb _"""*' - 8 our relapsed into a state of inactivity : in the abBenc _^ . " however , of any anxiety amongst holders tb prtflt _!* sales , prices have undergone no material charige . In either oats or oatmeal but little _liasbeon passing , affi former rates were with difficulty realized for the _Ux \\ M article . There wag an extremel y limited inqpiry for wheat at our market this morning , and on inferior runs a decline of Id . _per" 701 bs . mustbenoted . Flour movedoff very slowly ; but in the quotations of this day se nnight no change can be made . Oats , were likewise in moderate request only , without alteration in value . For oatmeal the demand was trifling , and the turn of prices in favour of the buyer . Beans excited very little attention , but were not ' ehcap _' er . " ° _MAKcnssTEB , _Tois & iY June 10 . ~ Thcre has be _^ rf a good demand for yarn , and former prices h ' iJv § been maintained with an advance' in _sohiemstatice ' , _- _* _*' Piece goods steady in price and fair demand . ¦¦••'
_Bkdau ! FoErw « _Hx Fair , Jur a . 10—We _W'i good supply of both beasts and ,. sheep at _thu-dajft market . Beef rather heavy-, while mutton * oiau > temediteprice . Beef 6 _sCdtofcperstrowi ; mu _|^ Maiton Cobn MarSet , June 7 _.-We tarn ' a moderate _rapply of all kinds of grain offering _tothk day'amaxket . Wheat 1 b per qr . lower- _rXand ditto , 50 b to 64 s per qr . of 40 stones Barkv 2 _"fa to 31 a per 8 hfc . Oate , lifd to llHp ? r stone . *
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 14, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_14061845/page/7/
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