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*! Kqtember .14. 1346. THE NORTHERN STAR...
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ffixtim iHo^meiit^
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^Tiad l TriHvvar . atleastlnworaB,. sLsh...
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XjsiTED STATES AND MEXICO. t i late numb...
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MEXICO. Mexico is washed on one side by ...
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Gun Sawdust.—We have submitted the speci...
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fbttigit Jfate%*nm
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FRANCE. ELECTORAL REFORM MOVEMENT. 'fhei...
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THE LAND FOR THE PEOPLE. " For me, for t...
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«DS>» IRELAND. SPATE OF THE COtJiVTRV. D...
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ber may have a small surpluss of agricul...
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greatei^acilitics.. to pay */<. "' > .^A...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
*! Kqtember .14. 1346. The Northern Star...
_Kqtember . 14 . 1346 . THE NORTHERN STAR . _^
Ffixtim Iho^Meiit^
ffixtim iHo _^ _meiit _^
^Tiad L Trihvvar . Atleastlnworab,. Slsh...
_^ _Tiad l TriHvvar _. _atleastlnworaB , . _sLshonldniy chance so happen—deeds , ) ( _^ _SvvhO rmrwitlijrboug h t !» _Aink I hew a little bird , who sings I _ _^ op le by and by vrillbethe stronger . _"—Btkon .
Xjsited States And Mexico. T I Late Numb...
XjsiTED STATES AND MEXICO . t i late number of Young America we find the _^ picture oi the state of the population of v _j iii _' ) - _* — 1 _•„; business uptown one day this week , 1 _tratT over many parts of the city -wbich tbe last time l Tt them were green fields , but which are now ea compactly with dwelling houses and workshops . c _" rtr er travel in the city except for necessary business InE Lerratio _** , as the sight ofits " _improvernsnts , ' * as 01 _jre called , gives me exactly the same feelings , I _irna . " _« _s are entertained by the inhabitants of a country 106
_S * _» a hr nn eiipmv _' s _tronrrn . Everv new _bniliiimr - « _r _ravageil by an enemy's troops . Every new building _i" _* , _jhe mass seems destined to be tlie living tomb _^ several human beings . If it be a dwelling for one _rT-Tiionable family , there are the upper stories , and the _^ _gj _^ _ocna kitehens for tbe deg raded , despised , and nn _ported " servants , " and tbe spacious apartments for ° i ' nniiv , underworked aristocracy of the money bags , _) _, o 5 ecliil * lr « > or 8 ra ,, _° ' ct" _*< _lren at the farthest , must _f _nteii we change our system ) be occupiers of c . liars a" _*« Tets * Wfl 1 ' s , iew _^ _"W _'* ng be intended for from * _, ° , a dozen families of " tenants . " those who lire n - _jar hoaies teads in the country must imagine ths
__\ x _dkcomiort and privation of these tenants , to saj _otnin ? ofthe weekly , monthly , or quarterly demand for _«* _rent , '' _n-Uich must be met on . penalty of ejection . If * he buiW in ? , e a workshop or a factory , how many must . j jjl it cease essly for tbe bare necessaries of life , ( all 0 tnat S ° ° t 0 * h e landlord to enable him to put up JBore t . 3 ildin <; and-with no hope but tbat tbey may - $ 1 le alkwecl to toil for others ! Such are *" ie rcflec-e lian 5 _wlncli _coutiiraalljr occur to me when _witnessing tb _stopendons labours ofthe _workiugclassesin tiansporling _tBildinjrmat _. 'rials to this city and erecting tbem into massive structures for the enrichment of a few . Iiio lOBgtr wonder at the Egyp tian _Pyramids . If the _WOlk-- , _g classes can ba _persuadtd , in this " enlightened age , " « go on from year to year covering tbis island with solid Hocks of buildings , and heaping up wealth iu them drawn from ev < . ry _corner of tbe earih , living themselves meantime on tbe scantiest fare and in the worst of
_buildings ; while a few who look on with tbtir arms folded quietly pocket all the surplus proceeds , is it to be _wondered at that some thousands of years ago tbe toilers _Trere induced to rear np huge monuments ot their own folly and degradation ? The builders of tbe pyramids , like tbe builders of If ewTork , and tbe producers of its nojrae < " _n-ealtlt , were alike _lacHonJers . and in _tliatsingle word lies the whole secret of tbeir folly , their degradation , ° nd tbtir misery . The writer of the above goes on to remark * that within sixteen years the population of New York has doubled , while the poverty , vice , and misery of the masses have more than quadrupled . It appears from statistical returns tbat , in the year 3 S 43 , there were 82 , 754 paupers in the state of New York , exclusive of the county and city of _JN ew York ; and in ISM the number was increased to 97 , 961 .
In tbe county and city of . New York there were , in li _^ , 37 , 724 paupers , and in _ISH the number was upwards of 5 S _. _000 . "Well may the Editor of Young America sax , "the poverty created by the present svsteiu , unless that system be checked , must render Talne _iess the right of suffrage , in which case our feasted liberty must expire in a convulsion , or be regained by a revolution . " Mr . Madison , _Jorg ago , ottered the following prediction : —'" In future times a treat majority ofthe people will not onlybewith-8 nt landed , but other sort of property . They will either ] combine , under the influence of their common aitnation—in which case the rights of property and the public liberty will not be secure in their handsor , what 13 more probable , tbey will become the tools of opulence and _ambitron ; in which case there will be equal danger on another side . "
The American aristocrats and their _hireling writers no longer hesitate to avow their desire to abolish even the name of political equality , and the outward form and semblance of democratic institutions . Thus one of the _moneymongers' journals advocate a standing army , and another a national debt ; Amongst this " rascal rabble "of body and soul sold writers , in the pay of the mammonocracy , figures James Pennimore Cooper , the novelist , who is writing novels for the purpose of propping up land monopoly . This gentleman particularly denounces the Anti-Renters , asserting that the movement of that party ia only the first step * to a general war upon property ! The remedy suggested by him , is , substantially , "the disfranchisement of those counties whieh resist the operation of law "' "If HO tenant bad a vote" says Cooper , " this question ( Anti-ReDtism ) would never have been raised or dreamt of . "
WhDe for the American working men things are " progressing backwards" at home , their attention 13 arrested by the fever-shoot of ' . 'victory * ' from t ! ie ranks of their countrymen encamped beyond the Pdo Grande . The history of the war in Mexico is the old story of the wolf and the lamb . Jonathan is the strongest , and being so finds reasons as plentiful j as blackberries for ravaging his brother ' s territories with fire and s _^ ord . We do not admire the Mexican i character , and certainly we are not prejudiced against our American kindred , but we mnst say that we cannot discover the justice of the American side of the quarrel . We have before now denounced the British , French and Russian outrages in India , China , Africa , and Circassia , and we shall not hesitate to express our condemnation of similar atrocities though enacted under a Republican flag , and
by the armies ofa kindred democracy . If we sympathise with Akhbar Khan , Abd-el-Kader , and Schamyl-Bey , we must , consistently , sympathise with Santa . Anna ' , If we see him performing acts which _haTejnstIv exalted the above heroes to the rank of Wallace and Tell . We hear much of the bravery and patriotism of the American captnrers of Monterey . "The brave men , " says the Washington Union , " who have fallen heroically in _theirconntry ' s rigldious and victorious battle will live in her grateful remembrance . The fallen have met a death of devoted patriotism and of bigb renown . " We deny that itis either patriotic or righteous for men to invade the territory of a peacefnl neighbour and cause the Woody strife but faintly pictured in the followipg j paraoraph , taken from one ofthe accounts ofthe siege of Monterey : —
The American Volnnteers — Mississippians , Lou-Sianians , Texians , Baltimoreans—with a few regulars —poured into the streets from the east and the west , the north and the south , while the eneir j s own artillery , now in onr hands , vomited forth its deadly fire . Evtry house _seaned a fortification , and the Mexicans protected by door posts , window sills and barricades , picked off our men in detail . Nerer did a Mexican army make greater _tffarts . They stood ont with a ball-dog tenacity that would have done honour to John Ball himself . Uight came , but it brought no cessation of the awful carnage . The number killed and wounded on the side of
the Mexicans is not known ; the number killed on ' the side of the Americans is acknowledged to have 1 been at least five hundred , besides some hundreds * wounded . We must say that , in our hunible opinion , more true glory is attached to the Mexicans who i died fighting in defence of their homes than to the - Americans , although the latter were the victors . 1 Since the battle of Monterey , the American General I has received instructions to quarter the army under ibis command on the emeny . That is , instead of j paying their way through the country , the American s soldiers are to find their subsistence by pillaging the iinhabitants , This is _Xapoleonist policy , very _unworthy , however , a nation of Republicans . An _^ American paper recommen ds tbat every city _opposing the American army should be given to the f names . Sucli hellish doings would bave been scorned lbyWathington .
_^ withstanding our sympathy for the Mexicans . _oour chief concern is for the people of the United f States . Although present wrong and suffering falls tto the share of the Mexicans , we anticipate for tthem good springing out of evil . This war comipetiing the Mexicans , as it does , to fight for their I comes and all that is dear to them , may have the e effect of putting an end to their factions and feuds , limiting the whole people in one mass , inspiring all vwith new vigour and renewed life , rendering the _station sufficiently strong to successfully defend ilitself , thereby compelling peace , and that peace _secured , it may be that the Mexicans will set about _pperfecting their institutions , guided by tbe spirit of «; order , and proceed to the successful prosecution of a
"amission at once peaceful and glorious . On the other ihand , il weakened hy intestine divisions , the _Mexi-¦ _cicans fall beneath the blows of a disciplined and uunited foe , their __ American _masters may , at least , _^ establish something like order and security , and , after aa time , the Mexican people though no longer _independent , may at least enjoy peace and freedom from tithe domination of a restless soldiery and factious _snmilitery chiefs , heretofore the bane of the Republic . Iiln either case , the results of the present _contest _aanust , we think , be beneficial to Mexico . Rut wc aiantici pate very different results for tbe American _PPeoplc "" _National Glorv" is rather an expensive luxury ,
_aas the Americans will ere long discover . It has been « sestimatcd that tbe Mexican war is costing tbe A nieri-• _owon people not less than half a million dollars a day . "WWhat the war will cost if the conquest of Mexico , arand the subjugation ofits people is intended , may be i ccconjectured from the fact , tbat the extermination of a a few hundred "Indians in Florida cost upwards of 4 _^ 0 , 000 , 000 dollars . War costs will compel war _Haiaxes , these 'will be found inadequate , and war-loans munust then be had recourse to ; lastly , the war taxes -QMnsl be kept up eren when peace is established , to papay back the monies borrowed—or , perhaps , as in ibtbis country , to pay _onfc the interest on the _war"O-yMffs .
But this is not the worst . "War-loans and war-Saiaxes will add to the present crew of usurers , tax-? a * atherers , and tax-eaters , who already prettv thickly iwarm . _«* , vhe " model republic" Again a regular
Xjsited States And Mexico. T I Late Numb...
standing ai *! ny every year becoming more formidable mnst be maintained even in time of peace to keep down Mexico , or to keep possession of any of the provinces wrong from- that Republic . As to a cordial union of the Mexican people with the Americans * the idea is mere moonshine ; the Mexicans may be conquered , but will not fraternise—at least in the present generation . Here , then , besides wounded soldiers to be pensioned , commanders to ba rewarded , and the spent war munitions to be replaced ; there will be when a peace comes , a useless and mischievous military force to maintain , at once expensive and dangerous ; a drain upon the pockets ofthe people , and inimicable to tho safety of Republican _jjisiitutinno
It would be easy to enlarge upon these possible evils , bnt enough . We shall be reminded , that we have forgotten the other side of the account . The addition of territory , population ' , and wealth , which the conquests in Mexico will bring to the United States Commonwealth . As regards the wealth , remembering British conquests in Indiaand elsowhere , and _judsing by analogy , we do not anticipate that the people of the Union will have any very large share of the plunder , that may be swept from " the halls ofthe Monte-amis , " or pillaged from the mines ofPotosi . As regards population , we fancy the Union is verv likely to " gain a loss , " if we may take fcr granted the following description of the population of _Xew Mexico , which we take from an American journal , the St . Louis New Era : — The question now ari « es , is New Mexico a part Of the United States , or is it not ? If so , by virtue of what law or treaty did it become so f If Sevr Mexico is to be n
part ofthe United States , what are to be the terms of _admission ? Are tbe numerous tribes of Mestizoes , _mulattees , half Indians , and barbarous Mexicans to be admitted as citizens ofthe United States ? If we are to acquire as citizens all the motley population of Mexico , it will be a most unfortunate acquisition . "Wc before had territory enough ; but by all means we do not need any additions to our country of such a population as tbat of Xew Mexico . The ignorant degraded population of Mexico are not fit materials to form American citizens . Our present p pulation is sufficiently heterogeneous and discordant without any such additions to our stock of citizens . People who have been raired as the slaves of a despotic Government , and in a state of gross _Ipnoranee , are not fit to control the destinies of tbis country . We would consider the addition of a few millions of sneb people to our country as a great national misfortune .
As to the addition of territory , the only classes likely to be benefitted are tbe commercial classes , ( by the seizure of the two harbours on the Pacific ) , and land robbers , jobbers , and schemers , who may get their claws upon unoccupied districts . The robbery of Texas from Mpxico , and the annexation of one half of the Ure _^ on territory , has not benefitted the landless millions of the sreat cities and towns of the Union . In Texas , two or three individuals have become owners owners of tracts of land , some of these tracks equal in size to some ofthe old states of the union ! The Oreaon S ]> ectator already announces that "G . E . rickett sells lots ( of land ) at the Oregon City Hotel . " From this announcement it nmv- be
glear . ed _thatland-robbery and land-jobbery is already the order of the day in the infant state of Oregon . The recent conquests in Mexico are said to have swept into the Union 502 , 236 . 160 acres , but howmany of these acre 3 there fall to the share of the landless paupers of New York ? At this very time , instead of thinning pauperism by removing the landless to tlie public lands , President Polk is offering ten millions of acres of those lands for public sale , of course the ten million of acres will be purchased by greedy speculators , who will become landlords f themselves and their descendants ) for ever , or will , themselves , again sell the lands at usurious ntercst to those who may aspire to _cultivate the soil , and earn the bread of honest industry .
Would it not be well for the American people , that _instead of being parties to war and invasion , which means murder and robbery , and violence and crime of every kind , instead of _burthenina themselves with t-wes and the support of a hireling soldiery , and all for that * ' mouthful of moonshine" " national pjnry , " would it not be well that they looked to home affairs , and said to laud-robbers , "Hold , disgorge your Blunder , and render back that which was made for all , and belongs to all , the Land ! " Instead of
robbing the Mexicans of their territory , the Americans _, in our humble opinion , would do well to look after tbeir own property , and , at least , prevent its further plunder by their own fungus aristocracy . _i We denounce the Mexican war not because we envy the Americans their victories , or are jealous of their national progress , but because the war is unjust towards Mexico , and therefore a crime ; because itis also opposed to the be t interests of the American people , and therefore ( as far as they support the war ) , a follje
when the united States Republic becomes really a commonwealth of freemen—when white and black slavery , wages and the whip , shall be no more—when aristocracies of colour , land , and usury , shall be tumbled _^ _anto the mass of equal and happy citizens . then there-will he no need to conquer neighbouring nations , such nations will be but too happy to fraternise with such a people . Was the United States such a Republic , none wonld hail with greater enthusiaism than ourselves , the march of the "starspanpled banner" to universal dominion . _jj-S-Sincethe above article was in type , we have received our file of Young America , which paper of date October 17 th , contains tbe following article ; it will be seen that the Editor of Fount ; America entertains sentiments identical with our own on the Mexican war question : — THE WAR .
Our army ha e fought another battle in Mexico , taking _Moniery after a three days' bloody struggle , the Mexicans securing to themselves an honourable retreat , and a truee of eight weeks . Five hundred of our poor deluded landless slaves "killed and wounded , and perhaps an equal number of Mexican republicans , has been the price of this third disgraceful battle ! Dad tbis massacre placed the class who are made to fight tbe battles for eight dollars a mouth , one step nearer to their right to a home oa tbe soil , I s _' . ould not regret it . Perhaps tbe sight of the widows and orphans , and the thoughts of tbe _mangled _' corpses of our brethren , will aid the
good cause ! Both tbe great parties are answerable for this bloofly and unboly warfare , for tbe representatives of both voted for it ! The blood-stained men in power at Washington have * sent on orders to renew the slaughter without regard to the truce ! Speed the day when no man will take up arms except in defence of a soil upon wbich be bas a foothold ! I have no room for tbe revolting details ofthe Monterey massacre : the war at home has prior claims . The names of the well paid officers who fell are published far and wide . Tbe unpaid victims of the ranks are lumped as usual , undistinguished as when tbey are dumped into the pits .
Mexico. Mexico Is Washed On One Side By ...
MEXICO . Mexico is washed on one side by tho Atlantic , and on the other by the Pacific Ocean . Tho _harboureon the Atlantic are not bad , whilst those on the Pacific are excellent . The Mexican territory exceeds a million of square miles , embracing every variety of climate from the torrid sand to the sweltering valley and the eternal snow . Yet . by far the greatest part is as rich in _vecetation as the few arid districts are in mineral treasures . Uumuofdtsars there is scarcely a plant in the world but would flourish there , and almost every thing does . There are cotton , and sugar , flax and hemp , coffee and tobacco , wheat and maize , vines , potatoes , every kind of timber , from the m hosany to the fir : while the banana ( which
would feed fifty persons to an acre ) , and the maguey ( which can be made into whiskey and paper !) , more peculiar to the soil , seem to render all other products as rather luxuries than necessaries . The population is estimated at rather more than seven millions consisting of 3 . 800 . 000 Red men , 1 , 000 , 000 _n-ixed blood ( Mullatos , Quadroons , & c . ) 1 , 300 , 000 Creoles { or men of pure _European blooil born in America , ) and a few thousand Spaniards . Politically the Creoles are most important , possessing as they do . wealth , intelligence , and tbe inheritance of power . _~ Next to them are the mixed bloods . The Spaniards are paltry in numbers , while the Red men are in a state of extreme poverty , ignorance , and superstition .
The Tokicans are said to have first inhabited Mexico ; to have been driven by the Chichemas , and to have retreated into Gautemala , and there built those cities , and temples , and tombs which have called the thoughts of antiquarians from Egypt to Central Africa . The Aztecs expelled the Chichemas in the twelfth century , founded the city of Mexico in 1325 . covered thecountry with cities and monuments , and formed a broad empire . But it _lOrved to exhaust the people by its taxes , weaken them by its centralization , and debase them by its cannibal superstitutions . They were ill-pre-Cortez whenin 1519 at the
pared to resist Hernando , , head of seven hundred men , that worthy champion of the cross landed on their shores . Bloody contests and scenes of horrible carnage ensued , which resulted in the violent death of the last Mexican emperor Montezuma , and the complete subjugation of tbeMexican people , _, A Vicerov , subject to the examination and censure ofa Council in Mexico and a Board of Control in Madrid , ruled Mexico , reserving her offices for Europeans , subjecting her trade to vexatious _pcnaltics . _and aggrandising a lazy church and a voluptuous army at the expense of industry . { To be continued . )
Gun Sawdust.—We Have Submitted The Speci...
Gun Sawdust . —We have submitted the specimen of gun sawdust sent us by Mr . Turner to experiment : —and , although in our hands both its igniting and explosive powers were less than that of gunpowder , we have no doubt that sawdust or any other kind of vegetable tissue containing lignine , may bo converted into an explosive compound by the agency of nitric acid . —Athewum . Bbei-Root . —Tho beet-root crop in the north of France is affected with contagious disease almost analogous to that of the potato *
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France. Electoral Reform Movement. 'Fhei...
FRANCE . ELECTORAL REFORM MOVEMENT . _'fheift / orme publishes the following "National Petition" fora Reform ofthe Representation , now in the course of signature : —
PETITION FOB _ElECTORAI , REFORM . To the President and Members of the Chamber of Deputies . Gentlemen , —After fifteen year * application and experience , the electoral law of 1831 is condemned . It makes of a right that belongs to all , a privilegea _* function . False in it- ; basis , it does not give in its _resultn the veritable expression of the country ; it does notgiveeven the true expression of the [ nill of the ] privileged electoral body , because the minority of the electors nouiiuati ; the majority of the deputies . The electoral body us it is constituted by law , represents neither the population , nor the wealth , nor the labour , nor the intelligence , nor the services rendered to the eouutry .
Thu law of 1831 bas been an arbitrary regulation of the electoral function , the element of which was borrowed from the laws of the _Restoration , the Charter of Grace emanating from the right-divine . Essentially temporary , and transitory , this law is contrary in its princi ple and its action to the principle of the national sovereignty that makes tho basis of your constitution . In the name of reason and of justice , inthe name of progress , of the rights of the citizens , and of tho honour of France , we come to you to demand the reform [ of this law ] .
Ab 3 Est of _Cahusts . —Seventy Carlist refugees are stated to have gone through Narbonne , on the _nii-lit of the 2 d instant ., with the intention of entering * Spain . Seventeen of them were captured by the French authorities ; most of them were officers . Forty-seven more Carlist refugees have been seized at Passas , who were likewise about to cross the irontier . They were dragged back to Perpi » nan , which town _^ they passed through shouting " Viva Carlos _v X _»
BELGIUM . On Tuesday afternoon , the two Chambers of the Belgian legislature was opened by the King in pi rson , with the usual solemnities . In the " speech , " the King referred to the question of secondary instruction , the revisal of the criminal code . On the present distressed condition of the working classes the " speech" says , " The arrangement * to procure a sufficient supply of food for the country , the numerous works of pub' . ic utility which have been undertaken _, and the sums arising from public and private contributions , have greatly assisted the needy classes during the privations resulting from the failure oftlie potatoe crop in 1 S-15 . The potatoe crops this year are satisfactory ; but the high price of provisions , and , above all , the failure of the rye harvest , claim the serious attention of the chamber , and of the government . "
"The government has devoted its aitention _t- > the management of establishments for the insane ; to pawnbroking institutions [ Monti _de-picte ) and to the formation ol agricultural colonies . Propositions for realising the ameliorations which humanity and the state of society demand will also besubmitted to you . " On Railways " :- — " The adoption of a body of Jaws for the management of this grand national enterprise is now practicable . You will have to discuss various propositions for fixing tbe taritf of prices and determining the general management of the railway . " Some amendment in the organization of the Chambers is projected : — " As the political aspect of the country is tranquil , J may , at the present moment , announce that a project of law will be laid before you for increasing the number ofthe members ofthe two Chambers .
SWITZERLAND . The Canton of Lucerne having refused to recognise the new Government of Geneva , has provoked a hostile spirit iu the Genevese Council . M . Viridet , a Member of the Grand Couucil , had proposed to withdraw the decn e of the 3 rd October , respecting the league of the seven cantons , and to replace it by another . M . James Fazy , presidentof the provisional government , supported the proposition of M . Viridet , maintained that Geneva should not wait for the opening of the new diet , but should act _conformably to the spirit of her revolution . Such a manifestation was so much the more ui gent in consequence of the refusal of Lucerne to recognise the Genevese government . Such a refusal is unprecedented in Switzerland , but , concluded M . Fazy , since Lucerne , which has effected the counter-revolution ofthe Valais and many others throws down the glove , we will not hesitate to take it up .
The Grand Council of Basle met on the 5 th of November , the galleries were crowded . The propositions of tbe commission for the revision of the constitution were a / most unanimously adopted . ITALY . _Jf _/ he Univers publishes a letter from Rome of the 27 th ult ., containing an account of the visit paid by the Pope , on tbe 20 th , to the Superioress of theBasilians nun of Minsk , Macrina Mieczyslaska . II s Holiness alluded in very significant terms to the atrocious persecution to which the Polish uuns had been subjected by the Russian monster . The occasion of tbe Pope's visit was the feast day of the Polish Saint John Cants .
POLAND . ( From the Reforme of November 6 . ) We extract tbe following news from letters received from Poland : — Some time ago a gang of peasants assaulted in the neighbourhood of Kalish ( the capital of one of the former Pala _. tinates of the kingdom of Poland ) the eastle of M . Sieuiinski , in order to demolish and to pillage it , aud _finally to slaughter all its inhabitants . Happily M , Roman Grabowski _. the chief steward _. having received timely
warning , was enabled toprepareforself-defeB . ee . With the help of all his servants he stoutly resisted the assailants , put them to flight , made a dozen of them prisoners , and having bound them with cords conveyed thtm to the town of Kalish . Theie they underwent an immediate examination , and three of them declared under the _laslt , tbat eigbty out of their number , _having left Gallitia , bad dispersed throughout the kingdom of Poland , in order to propagate among the peasants hatred against their landlords , and to begin again on a different field tbe massacres < f Gallicia .
Who could bave inspired them with such a determination Did it really arise from an implacable hiitred of the peasant against the landowner , from an irresistible thirst of vengeance which nothing could allay ! Ne ; never could the Polish country people so hospitable , so meek , so religious as they are known to , be , have batched of their own accord such sanguninary designs . Whatever M . Guizot may have said of the Gallieian massacres , that regular governments are never guilty of similar deeds , the evil does not arise from tho fi elings of the people , and we are now perfectly well informed tbat Prince Metternieh has been alone its originator , its director , its very soul / They are now sufficiently known , those letters of gratitude with which the noble scion of the _Hapsburg family , the innocent Ferdinand has favoured hia faithful subjects who have so gallantly foug ht in defence ot his threatened throne , and who found a leader in a liberated convict , a Szela _, a wretch , worthy iudeed to be the prop and tho defender of such a government .
Even now all is not at au end in _Gallieia , the general outburst of indignation in the whole of Europe against Viennese statesmen has not produced the smallest effect on their minds . They send military processions through this unhappy province , with the noble mission of shooting on the spot all those whom they meet , when they appear suspicious to tht-ra . Yet has the good emperor resolved to Show himself generous towards the Culprits . It seems even as if , iu Iiis parental care , he had forgotten nothing . lis has deigned to allow the Christian victims , whom he murders to satisfy bis bast * revenge , to enjoy in their last hour the last comforts of
Christ ' s religion . At the very moment when the murderous ball is about to strike the victim ' s brea 3 t , a priest is there , at the victim's side , to administer to him the Holy Sacrament . The good monarch was probably afraid of hearing that the falling martyr had with his dying lips pronounced , of his own accord , the pardon of his executkmecrs _, and by invoking in their favour the clemency rather than the justice of God , had thereby touched the hearts of any of the soldiers ! At Cracow the political prisoners had been till now allowed to reeeive regularly the food which their friends or relation brought them . JI . Harold has recently put a
Stop to this , During two days the prisoners were compelled , by the loathsome quality of the food furnished to them by their gaolers , to send it back untouched . This government , thus , protective as it is to public order , condemns to tbe tortures of _huugtr those very men whom It will be obliged to declara innocent on their trial ; and all because ii . Harold had entered into partnership with a Jew for the supply of food to the prisoners . This is tha only cause of the measure taken and the ordinance issued by him . Go on , powerful monarch ! in the performance of this noble task . The hour of retribution is fast approaching , and you will then be able to display before the eyes of your judges , the nations , the deeds you now are accomplishing with impunity , as so many titles to the gratitude they owe to jou . n _,-, i In translating the above statements , a Polish democratic journal adds the following observations : —
The Reform is right in maintaining that no revengeful , fetlillgB Of their cwn , have incited the assasius of Galli- I cia . Revenge would only have been exercised by peasants on theirown masters , when , on the contrary , it _isnow fully ascertained , that the murders were committed by strangers to those villages whose proprietors were slaughtered , and not by their inhabitants . By these vengeance would have been exercised spontaneously , when now it is altogether put out of question tbat tho assassins did not murder of their own accord , but were incited and directed by convicts liberated and sent amongst tho peasants by the Austrian government . Vengeance at least would bave been exercised on oppressive and inhuman landlords , but never on those who constantly afibrded help to the peasants in distress and alleviation of their burdens , and who had resolved to improve their condition by granting them the property of the soil * yet it
France. Electoral Reform Movement. 'Fhei...
was these precisely whose names were put foremost on tne list of proscription ; _whatever then the Austrian government may assert now , and in spite of all the endeavours of a venal _presB to justify it , the conviction ot _Europe mil remain unshaken , that it was the _fmperia . governmen t who incited , commanded and remunerated with honours _andjBoney the murderers of the Gallieian landowners . We have tlie following from _Konigsberg * . — " A tew nights ago a man was found here _asleep on the step ofa house , he was taken to the guard house , and was on the following morning interrogated . He
stated at first that be wa 3 a Frenchman , but at length confessed that he was a Pole , and havine taken part in the political agitations of bis countrv _" , had been exiled in Siberia , from which with mtiny dangers and privations he had escaped . We arc assured that the president of police of _Konigsber-.-having applied to the Prussian Government to know whether the man should be given up to the Russian authorities , received an answer in the affirmative ; the consequence of which has been the extradition of the unfortunate exile , who has been sent off aeain to Siberia . "
Duciit of Posen . —M . deS— , son of an old Polish general , has been arrested and sont to Posen . Of late he had lived ( he life of a peasant , and married a peasant girl ; a proclamation was found upon him calling upon the peasants to rally round their land- * lords , lor the deliverance of their country .
UNITED STATES AND MEXICO . On Saturday the packet-ship Cambridge , and tlie sh'p John Bates , _arrived in the Mersey , bringing papers from New York to the ICth and from Boston to the 23 d ult . The papers by this arrival do not contain any news of _imon-tnnce as regards the war between Mexico and the United States . Santa Anna , who had been General _Commander-in-cliief , arrived at the cipit . il of Mexico on the 15 th , ami was received with the createst enthusiasm . The people were unbounded in their testimonies of attachment to his person , and seemed frantic with joy . On the day previous to his arrival , when at Aljotla , he addressed a letter to _licneral Almonte , the Minister of War . This
document is manly and patriotic . It _b-cathes a spirit nf determined hostility towards the United States , and declares his readiness and anxiety to fulfil his utmost duty in _opposing the enemies of his-country . lie promises to die _fighting , or lead tbeva'iant Mexicans to complete victory . A levy of 80 000 men to recruit the army were ordered . Requisitions were forthwith transmitted to all the principal places in the _Republic , for an immediate furnishing of their respective quotas of men . Piiebla , and the whole of the towns within a circuit of sixty _leacues of the metropolis , are stated to have complied with the requisition with the createst . alacrity . To _lacilitate the arming and equipping this laree body of tro ps , the Government have ordered that duties on all munitions of war shall _ce-se until further notice .
Later _intcllicenfto had been received from the sea t of war . The health of the Amrriean troops was very indifferent ; at the 24 tli of September there were TOO Americans at _Matamnras , three-fourth * ol whom were volunteers , _sickofdysentry _. accompairoil with intestinal ulceration and typhoid fever . The _average number of deaths was five a day .- It is now understood that the invasion of Mexico will be changed . The march from Monterey to ihe city of Mexico is at least 600 miles longer than from Tampion , Alvardo , or Vera Cruz , which latter point affords the nearest and most accessible route . Tbe detachment under General Patterson , strongly reinforced by volnnteers , is to attack Taropico , reduce it , and march forward into the interior towards Mexico .
The Packet-ship Rochester arrived at Liverpool on Wednesday from New York , with papers from that city of one day ' s later date than those received by the Jnsliua Bates . A report had been received in New Turk , stating that another engagement had taken place between the Mexican and American troops , but this report cannot be relied on .
The Land For The People. " For Me, For T...
THE LAND FOR THE PEOPLE . " For me , for thee , for a'l !" Tt is time the monster monopoly of land appropriation was exposed ; itis time that the gigantic robbery perpetrated and maintained by our aristocracy should be unmasked . Thousands and tens of thousands are beginning to see that the usurpation of the soil is th' - great cause oftlie innumerable evils afflicting the people ; still there are , on the other hand , tens of thousands who , blinded by custom , forget tbat the earth was given to mankind for their inheritance , and are content to crawl landless , homeless slaves _, from birth to death—Pariahs in a world whieh , if rightly apportioned , would be a paradise to all ,
instead of , as it is , a purgatory to the immense majority . Towards organising public opinion against the great grievance of the present system , we propose to devote about a column weekly under the above head to selected articles , and _eccasional remarks of our own explaining the evils-of land usurpation , and the right of the people to the soil . We think we could not make a better beginning than by giving some explanation of the much-abused and much misunderstood Agrarian Law of the Romans , and the causes of those popular tumults and _struggles between tho Patrician and Plebeian classes , which
preeeded the downfall of the Roman commonwealth . Widely different , in many respects , as was the state of Romm society to the state of things at present existing in these islands , nevertheless , what follows will show our readers that the monster grievance afflicting the people of this country , the despotism of land-robbers and _moneymonuers , existed in full force in the Roman Republic ; and finally , brought the people of that state to utter slavery , and the Republic itself to irretrievable ruin . Tho following article is a translation by an American author . N . A . Whiting , of _Mai-montel _' _s Preface to Lucan ' s " l'liarsalia" _
CAUSES OF THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN COMMONWEALTH . It was neither the jealousy of l _' ompey , nor the ambition of _Ciasar , whieh destroyed Itomo . It was the pride , the cruelty of the Patricians , It was the fact that intestine wars , from the time of the Gracchi , and Anally , that between Pompey &> _Caisarhad their origin in the senate , and its _dangerous policy and its unjust _domination were the causes of those wars . Home , under the consuls , wan at first an aristocracy . With a senate composed of true citizens , this government would hare had the same advantages that monarchy lias under a just and modurutii _kinj _; . But the ( senators were mere senators . And this body always bad u disposition to abuse and degrade tbe people—to regard Itself ns tVe state , by way of eminence , and to make the multitude the plaything of its policy , and the instrument of its grandeur . In what were
termed the prosperous days of the Republic , the senate entertained three views . The one was that of a small number of men , who were wise , virtuous , and pacifli _* _--and who hud no other ambition than that of zeal for the public . Such as that of the Yalerii—the Servillii Jlenenius _Aurippa—the Cincinnatii—and all those true llomans who , after their victories and tlieil' triumphs , _diiid without leaving enough to pay for their burial . These just , simple , anil medest men , never ceased to represent to the senate that its contempt tor the people was _madiL-ss . That it was by tb * _puojile the state was sustained . That it was to the people it owed the power which it had acquired , nnd the possessions which it enjoyed . That men who were free , brave , and continually in _m-n-s _, not _ceasinj _* - to be conquerors abroad , _would soon be weary of being slaves at home , and that prudence , at least , demanded that the people should be managed with
indulgence . Another opinion was that of the Appii and Goriolnnus , nnd of all the young _l-atriciuns . proud and violent men , who maintained that gentleness was inexpedient , that flattery always rendered the multitude dangerous—that one point would no sooner be yielded than it would be necessary to yield more ; and , in short , that the people were made only to _ot'flty and to suffer . The bulk of tlie senate , more moderate , seemed to occcupy the middle ground _bbtwuen these two opposite parties ; bat , while using expedience , to which ifc was driven by woakiics * , it never yielded to the people except when compelled , and never relaxed , but for the moment , that absolute and tyrannical domination which ut last destroyed the state . If the senate had only rejected excessive , unjust , and
injurious demands , which affected the state , its firmness would have morited the eulogies which it has so often received . But what were the demands of the people ! They demanded that the usury , which destroyed them , should be abolished ;' and that there should be given them for the subsistence of their wives and children , A PORTION OF THE LANDS which they had conquered , and bedewed with their blooil . Behold the unfailing sources of all the commotions which arose iu Rome between the poor and the rich—between the people and tho senate . To feel the full force of the severity of the senate in the constant refusal of these demands , it is necessary to recollect , that during the earlier periods of the history ot
Rome , the frequent incursions of enemies upon the territories ot the Itepublic , nnd the interruption of cultivation by repeated wars , ruined the people , nt . d rendered debtors insolvent . These were delivered , like slaves , to their creditors—were detained in close custody , anil reduced to a state a hundred-fold worse than slavery . And that on the one bond , the people had no other business than war and agriculture ; ( ftat the rich , by Utile and little , made _^ themselves masters of all the Lands if the Republic , and caused them to be cultivated by tbeii slaves , to the exclusion of freemen ,, so that the _pesyle _, even in time of pi-ace , had no resource from labour . Hence tha necessity of employing tbem constaatly in
aims . But war is a state of violence , which demands at least , some relaxation . And _thepsople who went to battle voluntarily , and from a sense of honor- , strongly realized , that they had the right to enjoy in peace the fruit of their victories . They did not suffer without complaining—but they complained without using the swords which they wore , and tho more this virtuous people showed themselves to be patient , moderato aud docile , the more tile 6 enato -were emboldened to oppress them . Tho senate not only closed their ears to remonstrances , but if any Patrician appeared to be moved with compassion lie was I accused of ambition or baso weakness , and they went so far as to refuso such an one the honour of a triumph _aftc" _* . ' the most signal victory , A treatment thus harsh ,
The Land For The People. " For Me, For T...
disgusted the people , and they seized _t' > e moment whsn the enemy was ut tlie gates ' , and declared that they would not take arras until they received justice . Then the senate would become condescending , and send forth a dictator , or consul with words of peace and _cans-dint promises which they never failed to disavow as scion as the crisis was past . This bad faith produced distrust . The people , weary of _beinj _deceived , paid no further attention to vain promises , and firmly resolved to remain in _subvention no longer , if they dirt not outain redress , Tlio senate bowed , it was driven to this , but now the time was past . Union was destroyed . Confidence lost . And the boon which had it been granted fn ely to tho demand of the people would have made them reverence the senate and regard them as benefactors ~ but when this boon was wrested from the _scmit * by force , the pe » ple saw in it ,
» _prool oftlie weakness o { their tyr _. iitsi . Hence , pl'biitill !! "j- _tln-iradvunt-ige , they demanded magistrates selected _fromi the plebean order , and charg . d with the defence of its rights . The senate , in consequence of ahus'iig its authority , wm obliged to admit the counter authority of tribunes , and henceforrh , the state was divided into two hostile parties . The senate ought to have seen that a people who hail legislative power— who had authority to prevent execution of its decrees , aud who , by the law of Agricola , could bring tho senator ** themselves to trial , that a people who by 260 years of war had l .-arned to maintain the authority of law by / inns , could only be restrained by gentleness and equity . Hot tlio _seuaU" , iu place of using the counsel , which it gave in the sequel io the colleague of the younger Gracchus , of conciliating the people by acts of kindness , wmply consulted its pride , and became more Arrogant .
In a time of scarcity , tho Consuls had procured sup . piles of-rain at a low price The wisest of the 1 _' atrl cums wished th ' 13 tobe sold to this people at ths same rate , but Coriolanu * , irritated because tho people had refused to eHrol themselves , and follow him to battle , pre tended that it was ueccstiry to sell the grain at a liwh price , least t'ie Senate should seem to flutter the muliitudi _* . This opinion prevailed , ar . d the Senate Inst C . _ii'iolanus by following the counsel , which his anger had ciictated . Thepeople were excited , the grain was sold » t its just value , but Coriolanus was banished , and _hiuwili ! nearly overthrew Rome . As soon as it wax seni that the authority of the senate had become oiliou * , the hope of engaging the people to make a king gave birth to an ambition for regal power . —The c < nsul _Cassiu _* .
' 0 conciliate , ns it is _snid , the favour of the _plebians , demanded on their liehnlfth . it tho Senate should ilividr tlie newly conquered lauds and those , which , _though thoy _ueloii' / cd to the Republic , had been usurped by the nobility , The intention of the consul might lure been bad , but his demand was simjly that the people should have bread . Thescinte pretended to accept this law ; but he who proposed it was _coudi-mned ai ' ier his consulate to be thrown from the Tarpeian rock—and this tiecrce was more faithfully executed than the law from which it had originated . This law so well known under tha inline of die AGRARIAN * LAW , was at flr « t eluded by tin * rich ; soon openly _violnt-rd ; and finally entirely neglected . It is easy to understand why the senate was
willing that < i law shoud be trampled upon which c _msiituted tho salvation of the poor—the senate was rich ' Tiie people without resources—without support , because they were betrayed by the tritium s themselves , whom the senate fori'iiptcd—thcpeople who . vetadhu .-cd to : h « Itepublic , whatever effort _mijiht he made to detach ihcm from it ; eould not resolve to break their fetters , but they ware in the unquiet statu ofthe patient who cuan _^ es Iiis position iu the hope of finding one less painful- They demanded new laws , in _thetxpectation that they would be better observed than old ones . They demanded that the lumber of Iribuncs should be augmented . —They uinieil their thoughts again to the Agrarian law , and demanded that it should be _discussed inthe popular assemblies . ( To be concluded in our next number . )
«Ds>» Ireland. Spate Of The Cotjivtrv. D...
« _DS >» IRELAND . SPATE OF THE _COtJiVTRV . Death by Stabvatio * _-. — Tho Cork Reporter publishes a full note of the evidence taken at a coroner ' .-inquest held at Skiberecn , on the body of a man named M'Kennedy , who died of hunger , _althouali it was proved by several witnesses that a _fartnu-lit ' s wages , duo to the wretched man at the time of his decease , were withheld owing to a very inexcusable blunder on the part ofthe subordinates inthe employ oftlie Board of YVorks , it * having transpired that one _iiay-i-Jerk got in mistake , and paid in his district _, the money intended to he paid on the mad on which M'Kennedy died . Evidence upon this point having been given , the report concludes as follows -.
—Coroner—Gentlemen oftlie jury , we have gone minu f . ely into thu consideration of the case before younamely , the death of Dennis M'Kennedy . You have the painful details before you , and it is quite unnecessary for me to add one word in explanation of the evidence . This case , will I trust , prove an infinite service , not alone to this district , but to the country at large , —it will show the Board of Works that men in their employ are starving to whom money is due for their labour ou the public works . The Rev . Mr . _Townseml—Mr , Coroner , floes it appear that the money for payment of poor M'Kenneily ' 3 wages was in the hands of either _pay-clerk at the time of the poor fellow ' s death 1 Coroner . —Jfo , the contrary has been sworn to .
Ciptain Gordon ' s successor . —The money came , but , through some mistake , went to Mr . Notter , and was _expanded by him in payment of his district , when it should have been paid on the Cahara line but these stories , received in gossip , are turned against the Board of Woik 3 . Tho Rev . Mr . Townsend . —Sir , the question here is not about the Board of Works or its officials ; the question here , Sir , is about the death of my fellow-creature . Those accounts , you say , we get in gossip . but , Sir , the contrary is tha fart . We have poor M'Kennedy ' s death and the cause of it sworn to . That evidence proves that our people are dying by the ditch-side for want of payment of their hire . We take no such statements , Sir , on gossip , nor shall we he told by an official that we do . To Mr . Gaynor . —Had Mr . Ross funds for payment of this poor man when he died ? Mr Gaynor . —I believe not , Sir .
The Rev . } Mr . Townsend . —Admirable system ! The money due in the east we have paid in the west . The bourd _. S ' r , should settle between them and their officials , but none under them should starve . As an instance of our present state , I must mention that a few days sinca , a poor countrywoman came to me to sell a pullet—poor little Jirrj ' a pullet , she said , —a present , —the tears starting to her eyes at the thought that she must p « rt with poor Jerrv _' s pullet . But the pullet she should sell , or poor Jerry should starve . She was asked , "If i our _children love this pullet so _nincli , why sell it , —isn ' t yonr husband atii work ? " ' -Yes , but he ' couldn ' t get his hire , and he'd rather starve off the road than on it . " And yet public functionaries ttllt us that such stories as poor M'Keni'oJy's are all gossip .
The jury returned the following verdict : — " That the said Dennis M'Kennedy , on the " - Mill day of October , in the year aforesaid , at C . ihara road , in the county aforesaid , died of starvotion _, owing to the gross negligcr . ee of the Board of Works . " In the meantime , while such melancholy _scenes-is the foregoing are being enacted , the supplies of food are becoming daily cheaper and more abundant . There was a further decline in the price of wheat at the Dublin Corn Exchange to day , and the meat markets arc gradually receding to tht . _-ir average rates . Larse quantities of Indian corn , too , are fast pouring into our southern ports , the effects of which are already perceptible in the reduction of pvicc * Tiie Cork Constitution , of Tuesday , thus reports _progress : —
Since our publication of Tuesday four vessels have come in . The cargo of one of them was sold to the Cork Relief Committee at £ 14 17 s . ( M . a ton . Another cargo oftlie finest quality , ' rom Viana , in the north of Portugal , is oit _' ered at £ 13 . The same description of corn _brought last week £ 16 , and some sold as hie ;'! as £ 10 10 s . The Cork Reporter of the same date adds : — Wc are extremely happy in being enabled to record the gratifying fact , that there are umv iu harbour seven vessels heavily laden with lmlia . ii corn from ihe Mediterranean . The cargo of one ship has been purchased bv the Relief Committee , of another by Messrs . Goold and M'Naniivra , one by Mr . Morgan , and one by tl . o Messrs . II » c _* kett , of _Miuolctori , anoiliev vessel received orders to proceed to Waterford , where her cargo was purchased .
DISTUKSS IN TUB COUNTY OP ANTRIM . According to the current testimony of journals ot all shades of politics , tlie pressure of distress is more severely felt in Antrim than pari its unacquainted with the district would be likely to give credence to . A meeting of landed proprietors , headed by the Marquis ot" Donegal , was to be held ac Bally ment on Monday , — To take into consideration , ami decide upon some general , and as far as practicable , uniform plan , fur instituting , when required , throughout the several baronies , suuli class of works as shall allwtl fair and rea . sonable emplo'msnt to the destitute working population . The step , however , is far from being deemed satisfactory by the- tenantry on several of the gtvat properties in tho country , and ,, accordingly , a committed ul" tenants hits addressed a cireuhvr to the _landlordsol Antrim , from which we take the following : —
You Unite an undoubted right to your rents , as aplaiu matter of justice botucen mail and man ; and our duty to pay yo . u the full amount of our contract admits of no question . Such being the fact , we candidly admit thai , under all ordinary circumstances , you are entitled to enforce payment in full of all rent nnd arrears of rent due by your tenants ; but it is now our painful duty to remind you that we have arrived at a period of universal distress , distress which , so far as we know , is without a precedent in our country ' s history ; and we
BC 5 to _inUmiitc thai , as our present condition is not only deeply distressing , but altogether new , we require to be treatod by you as a principle of indulgent liberality , corresponding with our _uuvol and perilous position . You know that we , in common with others , havo tern mysteriously . visited by a great national calamity , which has entirely and at once extinguished the greater portion of our agricultural produce ; and which , in its ultimate consequences , threatens to involve us iu ruin . I " a word , our potatoes are gone—our oats have fallen far ihort of our expectations ; and while some o ! our num-
Ber May Have A Small Surpluss Of Agricul...
ber may have a small _surpluss of agricultural produce to dispose of , many of us must purchase largely , in a dear market , for family , consumption , in addition to tho entire produce of our holdings . ¦ Vou also know that our trade _consisting chiefly in the manufacture of linen , continues in a state of deep depression indeed ; and we heg to inform you , that although pork and butter sell fretdy at _remunt-i-atiiii ; ' prices at present , we cannot realize their advantages , as formerl y ; our usual food for sninc being irrecoverably lost , and the dietary changes rendered necessarv iii our families , by the _alismce of the potatoe , oM ' ge u . s to _.- . pprop _iafca much larger portion of the produce of our row * to household purposes than hereto : ore . _TlK'se are _fujts-which admit neither of concealment nor modification ; „ : idrf _> o do they _„„ t _hidicite , with alarmV „„ uiMinctucss , our present iiinbiliiv to navrnit 1
Landlords of Antrim ! wil . you-cat * vnu , in * he fact of all these facts , compel us to sell our cows , or part with the on '} ' portion ofbrKnd which r . nv . ins _{' . „• _thc support of mil- familii'S , in order to satisfy our claims ? Justice , we know , would sanction your doing so ; hut _nu-rcy forbids it to bo dime ; fur , if thus bereft of our little nil , we ii ] ig i it . _'ib . indoii our fai ins , breakup _housi-kceping . and wander we know not where . * * Let us , » s yonr _teimn's . make a prompt effort to pay one-half of th . _i gale o ' the rent now due ; and do you , as our huirl lords " freely _forgivi _.- " the _rwnaiudtr ! We say freely forgive , for wc arc justly averse , under existing citc ' umstanees , to the accumulation of a (' ebt in 'In * _tlmpe of arrears , which , while we have no _propctt of paying it , is only calculated to cramp our _onelgies , and sink ul into inter _dciuumlcncy .
_Moreover , as our prospects for the ensuing season , loth wiih regard to soid , aud the modi ! of cultivation to be adopted , are altogether dark r . _nd itiscuuriignig . we re _.-pcotfuUy big to _snggist thnt the saui ' - ' , or-j similar set of gencrou _* _. compromise , be _repivti-d , provided—as is hut too uiident—that a continuance or _incn-ase of the present distress shall render the repetition neces .-ary ; and let ull thi * ho done on the _liUliiset _underii ' . _'uiilli'g , shut if it please God to again restore the potiuob'to healthful cultivation amongst us , ov so soon as any substitute is ay he found which , in the use ot" it , will _n-iso the cultivation of bind to its former _rvinuiivnuive _v-tluu , we will graetfully resume thu payment of rent ua formerlv :
COSn _. ICT liKTWEBN TIIK TOUCH AND WIUTEROYS . The following _appears inthe Limiviek Chronicle : — Iletwecn eight and nine o ' clock on _Wednesday nigtit , an armed party of twelve men , with their _iaees _blackem d , attacked tho dwilling of John Viper , at "" " -curt , wihin two miles of Ii-itliuealu , in S" « rcli of arms , when live of t / ieiu inter *! ' / , anri succeeded in earning off n gun . Prom this they proceeded to thu _rrsiiWiice of -Mr . _Jjiimis Condon , adjoining the same _townluml , where they deniarded _admittance at the back-Hour , but were ivl ' _usfd , that gentleman informing them from one of the windows that he had no fire-arms , at the same time add ng , if lhcy did not believe his word , to _ro to the fmnt duor , and he would allow them to satisfy t ' leu _.-seh _' es . Tln *> , however , _declined the _invitatioti , and relired from _be'ol'e the house , having first cautioned Mr . Condon a"a ' n _« t i ! e-
niandiiu rents from hi * tenantry , uivK-r pain of death . They did not so far when they were observed by a small _pariy of police then on _jatrol , consisting of four ine * . , vix . constable Alfred , sub-constable : * Kairne , _She-hnn , and Laurensou , who followed them _irto * s the fii Ids , calling on them in tbe usual way t « stand and surrender . The _Hiing pei-empt . _rily refused , telling the p-. Iiu
high wall , and again fired , when a seconded man was observed to mil from the top manifestly wounded , as the stones were besmeared with blood , which was also discernible along the grass . It being a moonlight night , the police did not lose sight of tho party , whom they _Cliasttd into a haggard , were several sticks of corn were piled , behind which the Whituboys took refuge , but tha police , nothing daunted , _inurct-pted _t « o of ihe Whiteboys , with whom they had a desperate combat , while the rest of the f _< Hows fled in contusion , and the _polico eventually overcame the two , tvilfl itere Illllde prisoners after much difficulty , and handcuffed . Upon seal ell , both were found armed with guns , and one of tl . om had a very fine military sword attached to his girdle , and which has since _bueu identified by Mr . Gtorue Massy , of Greaves , as his properly , and which was taken from that _ireiitleman's _residi-nte about a _nsonth since . The
_Uockites were brought into _Rathkeale Imdewcll , same night , without being allowed to remove the disguise from their features . One of them received a _bajontt wound in the breast during the _struggle with the police , but tha other sustained little injury . Tho names of the parties are John Sheehy , a blacksmith , from _Askl'lltOII , and James O'Donnell , a farmer ' s son . NiXt _iiiorn _' ng tha , iolice searched , convenient to the scene of action , and foun : * t two guns , which the rest of the party left behind _, in their precipitate retreat . While ill tho bliduwoll . Oil Thursday night , one of the prisoners attempted to commit suicide by cutting his throat with a piece of window _gluss .
Limkrick . Nov . _Y- —On Thursday eveinnir an attack was made hy an armed party " on the house of Mr . George Meal ! , of Raheeii , near Thortificld _, steward to Sir Richard BotiVkc . Between six and seven o clock on that evening , while Mr . ami Mrs . Meall , _toother with a youm * lady , teacher at -Sir Richard Boiirkc ' s school at Thornlield , were sitting at tea , a man with his face blackened and armed with a -run , forced his way into the back kitchen , and telling the servant girl to hold down lu r head or he weuld blow her brains out , passed on into the parlour and desired the inmates to do the same . Mr . M . did so , and the man asked him where his firearms were * . The lady was then ordered to leave the room , which she did , imploring the fellow not to murder Mr . Meall . To this he replied that all he _want-. d was fire-arms . Mr . Meall directed him
where to find a sum on the top ofa press in the kitchwi _, and the Terry proceeded thither , after which he fired a shot _through the window . Uu broke a considerable quantity of plate-ware , av-. d the sashes arid { -hiss ofthe kitchen and parlour windows . After a little time , he returned to the parlour nnd went to the drawer where Mr . Meall kept his money and pulled it out . Not finding what Ins _wnnUnl , he _a'ked Mr Meall for a little chanue . Mr . Meall oave him his purse , containing : about ten shillings , on which the robber departed . Outside lie joined his _comn-des , four or five in number , who were all armed . Sir 11 . Bourke has exerted himself with the _greatest humanity towards the poor of bis district _, lie lias opened a soup kitchen at his own expense
where the hungry arc fed . and has a female school where sixty girls arc taught , twelve ofthe most destitute of whom are clothed , lie is about clo . thin » a few more of them this winter . If such hum .-itiencts do not bogut _t-ratitude , the character of our people _nut- _* t be open to the most aggravated censure . A party of Terries attacked tho house ofa man named Denis O'Neill , residing at Rathfolaml . Newmarket , on Thursday night . The family of the farmer , rscn and women , made a noWe resistance . They beat the assailants off , pursued them , ami actually challenged them to a stand-up fiulit , the father and eldest son _ptiucipally taking up the attacls _, but the ruffian midnight walkers showed the while feather and scampered off ,
On the samo night , a party ot armed men . snppo _> ef ! to be tho same , went to the house of -Patrick Liddy , at Sheppcrton , and beat the inmates . Two hoUv . es _liclonniiii * to two men named llalliman and O'Brien , near Quin , were also broken open , and the peojile residing iu them beaten . _co" ; : iti of cov . K . Cork , Nov . 7 . —Tuassmissios or I nth an Mkal . — This morning seventy tons _^ f Indian imal for the Relief Committee of Castle Island , _importi-il from . _Liverpool , passed through the City . _uiiiirduiMiy an escort of the 1 st Dragoons and 07 : li _Ri' _-iiiiU't-it , which was "ranted by the autlioiities i >» tiie information of the ltev . Mr . Herbert , who _di-imsed tllilt _, from the excited state ot the country , inconsequence of the prevailing distr . _> s , ! . e _npprt-heuiled the provision would not be s _» if e . _l _wiivtiy to _y-a-s through without an escort —CorA- _Reporter .
GAhWAY . —VlOLKSCK _TOWARO . S t ' . _Vl-. _KSKKIIS . — I her © are at present upwards «> f 3 , 01-0 of ihe poor of Galway at labour on the several works carry ing * m i » this district . The returns of last . _Saturday show * d that there were upon that day 2900 _eniilnu' _*! , and en Tuesday last Mr . Clements eimaavil to _pri-vide by _rester-iiiy for the employment of , * c > 0 « r ( ii'O more . Tlie relief of so many is a _s-irat bessim . _' . but we regret to say that Si'H wore treblcv ) it would not meet the necessities of tho _pei-Mii _*! ' lahouiiiiL' _|'* oor . Some _outrages have taken _placo here within 1 lis * ia » t week against the overseers and _a-i _e-A . » r < iJ t ' _nx f _* _i-l _* - lic works _whiitb are going forward in this _ili <* rricC . Mr . William Clarke was very severely handled last ween . Oil tbe _Pnlthill-roiid , »»« l had his eyes _Uackoned ; and on Wednesday lu _> t _Blr _, l ! o *> _siu-k , the Mrerseerof the works at Fort _I _' _iio . was likewise
assailed , and which caused the _muk * t _ei-e to bo suspended , throwing _abrvat SO unlortniMte persons out of employment . This is a lamentable-state of _thidii i S . Besides , Mr . Clements , tho eounc . v surveyor , lias tiecu mobbed in h _* u house , _suul at _Icii'iih compelled to seek the _j-holter of the police . The profile are starving , aiiilciMiscqucnlly prepared for *»»>>• mischief ; but wc much fear that they are _insti-iated , in some instance !* , to these outrages by parties nut in need , but who urge them on for some purpose of their own . —Gidwav Vindictor . Gai .-w . vy _Reui-v _boMMnTBB . —At a nieetmu ot the Galway Relief Committee on . Friday , it was slated thatthcleadcrof _amobwho attacked the house ot Mr . _CUucnts . county surveyor , on Monday , because
he had been refused work , had £ 25 in his poMf » ion when taken by the police . . A member ot the committee stated that a certain landlord issued tickets to the comfortable tenants on hia estate , but retused them to t he unfortunate undertenants : Ins object beinjr to afford the former him his rent . Rodiibrt of Flook . — laden with flour , the properly of this town , were . attacked
Greatei^Acilitics.. To Pay */<. "' > .^A...
greatei _^ acilitics .. to pay _*/< . "' > . _^ AUf _^ .. „ BALt _^^^—Thrce c _^ _ta _^ f . Mr . D _^ > V /) kefidk 1 i net _« _fieu _^ i _\ uagher : . an'l f greater _laciiiiic'i . io pa * ALtts / s _-Jj oB . _*—Three' carta -J ; _H'ly _^ f . Mr .-D _^ _Wakefitild _. v " id B _» _fee > iilB ' a | iiagb . « rafiii _^ ± _l % : "\ s _^ % :, im ML ' -: ' . _{^ - ' , v . - " M _t-3 _A-v _" ¦ '* ' ..- -, \ _" . S \ ?;( v 3 ' _^ _- _.- . V _.-U . V . " v _>* ' _- ' ¦ ¦ ' ) ¦ *
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 14, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_14111846/page/7/
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