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> THE NORTHERN S^AR f Jmvm - 15 ,.. J84s...
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r 7^ ; ; ; - ; SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. Sh...
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H0RRIBI.E Desiituiiox.—One of the most a...
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THE NORTHERN STAR.-SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 15,1815.
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THE GRAHAM " SETTLEMENTS." In our report...
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NATIONAL PLUNDER. WAR TO THE KJJIFE AGAI...
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. THE "ROYAL LOYAL NATro.X-\\ REPEALERS....
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THE CONFERENCE. DUNCOMBE AND TIIE TR.tDK...
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THE INCOME TAX AND THE " SURPLUS Last ni...
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Co mmx$ & CoiTfspnow
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W. R., Or.Bii.tM.—We are sorry that we c...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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> The Northern S^Ar F Jmvm - 15 ,.. J84s...
> THE NORTHERN S _^ AR f _Jmvm - _,.. J 84 s _>
R 7^ ; ; ; - ; Shipping Intelligence. Sh...
_r 7 _^ ; _; ; - ; SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE . Shipwhech . of Two Amehicax Li-sees , aso Loss OF Lira . —By the packet-ship Stephen "Whitney , -which arrived at Liverpool from New York , in the early part of the week , we are in receipt of intelligence of the total loss of two fine ships , American li ners , the Pennsvlvania , TOO tons burthen , belonging to Liverpool ; and the Dorchester , 400 tons register , also of the same port , which occurred during tne month of December , while on their passage to ana rom England and the United States . _We are sorry to add thatffic wreck of the latter vessel _™ s accompanied with loss of life . _^ _Ti'de lying-to on the l _« n she was struck bv a most terrific sea ; it earned away the three masts " and _riggimr , clearing her declc 01 every boat ; and sweeping tlii _* ee men overboard , eonastm _? of the second mate and two seamen , who , melancholy to say , perished . For days the gale continued , the ship beinu dashed ahout , actual vunmar _nagable , her redder gone , and her hold half lull pf water . The remaining persons on board , forty-hve in all . -were saved by the ship ltoehester .
The Tjwiisfl Uric Dove was lost m the month of January last , while on a voyage from that place to Dominica . She was capsized in " a gale of wind , thc sea sweeping one seaman off the deck _h and drowning two others below ; their names are Godfrey Brown , James Gardner , and Samuel Hogan ; thc rest ofthe ercw were nine days afterwards taken off the wreck by a passing vessel . Four other losses are reported on iheix > oks iutlie eouvseof the -wreck . The schooner Lady Scott , wrecked on the Castle Sands ; the sloop Jane , of Lynn , sunk off SaMeet ; the Ann , of Ipswich , wrecked near Whitby ; and the Napier , of _Newcastle , lost on the coast of " Spain , thc master and one man drowned , and the rest of the crew were saved .
H0rribi.E Desiituiiox.—One Of The Most A...
H 0 RRIBI . E Desiituiiox . —One of the most appalling cases of liuni-ui misery came under thc notice of the police on Wednesday morning last . On that day it was reported at the station of tlic V division , on Chipham-common , that a girl had been found in a dying state in a loft over an old and ruinous cowhouse , in the Wandsworth-road . Several constables , under tlic direction of a sergeant , were sent with a stretcher to convey tliis wretched human being tothe Wandsworth Union . On a heap of filthy litter in the corner of a loft over a cow-house , now * in disuse , and situate at the comer of thc . Albion-road , Wandswpith-road , they found a being with scarce any signs of life , and presenting all the appearances of an exhumed corpse . Her apparel was but a bundle of
rags , and wholly insufficient * to conceal her person , much less protect her from the intense eold Some weak brandy and water was poured with difncnlty through her lips , and the police then proceeded to place her with extreme _eai-e upon the stretcher ; they covered her with horsc-clotllS and sacks , and then conveyed her to the union , hardly daring to hope that she would survive the journey . Jir . and Airs . Tiing , the master and matron of the Wandsworth Union , received the unfortunate creature , and had her instantly conveyed to a warm apartment . " Within live minutes ofher arrival she was undressed and placed between hot blankets . Her clothes , whichswanncd with vennm , wereininiediately burned . An assistant to Dr . Connor , the _surgeon to
ihe union , was in the house at the time , and after examining the young woman , directed arrowroot and diluted--viae to be administered often , but with extreme care and in small quantities , as it was evident that her life hung as it were upon a thread . When this miserable object became partly sensible she was minutely examined , and a more horrible and soulsickening spectacle , perhaps , never before jnei the iiuman sight . She is , it appears , not more than 10 years of age , but she looked SO . Her countenance was as pallid , and the skin as contracted , as that of a corpse . Her back was one mass uf -sores , her frame was frightfully attenuated , and her feet swollen and frost-biticii / seemed to be fast approaching mortification ; but the most appalling sight
was themyriads of vermin that crawled over her person , and even exuded from her mouth . The walls of ihe room were covered with them , and the colour of -die blankets and sheets on tlic bed could not be distinguished . Her head was covered with a mass of living corruption , at least an inch in thickness , and Ita appearance was horrid in the extreme . The nurses , 10 whom the task of cleansing this miserable _ei-caturc was intrusted , werc , for the safety of their own persons , enveloped in sheets whilst they performed the necessary offices . Within a very short space of time nine blankets were placed upon her , and were removed loaded with vermin , and _iinniediatelv burned ; and 10 preserve the health ofthe house , she was obliged 10 be nioved into another room , that tbat into
which she liad been first brought might lie whitewashed and otherwise cleansed of its impurities Bnring the sight the poorcrcature was watched most assiduously by two nurses . Her constant cry , when -sensible , was-for food , which was given her as often as was compatible -with safety . On Thursday morning a hair-dresser was directed to shave her head , and this he accomplished with difficulty , the stench being so horrible that he was repeatedly compelled to relinquish his task . In the course of Wednesday night this wretched being was enabled to converse with Jane Toplis , one ofthe nurses , and she informed her that her name was Mary Loveday , that she was 16 years of age , and the daughter of a _' _gardener in thc Union-road , Larkhall-Line , Ulapham . She said her
father , whohad recently married again , turned her out ofthe house on the ist of December last , and toldher to go and support herself by prostitution , sis he would no longer support her . The lirst night she slept in a sand-pit ; she then went upon the streets _andivandercd about from place to place . At last she came back to the neighbourhood in which she had lived ; she found out the loft already spoken of , and as her clothes had become shabby she lay there all dav and crept out at night , when she picked up what pittance she could . A number of carpenters and bricklayers who were working at some new buildings in the Albionroad , and who knew her father , were aware that she had taken up her abode in the loft , as were a _chaifcutter and a milkman occupying contiguous
premises , but none of these persons attempted to remove her . On the contrary , thev behaved kindly to her , and occasionally gave her fo _' od and _halfpence On Thursday last she became too ill to leave her miserable bed , and from that day nntil Wednesday morning last no food or water passed her lips . On that morning she had some dim knowledge of one of the carpenters , accompanied by a gentleman , coming np to her , and speaking to her , but she was beyond the power of utterance and soon afterwards hecanie insensible . The father , the mother-in-law , and the brother of the nnfortuuate creature visited her on Thursday . Tiie mother-in-law did not seem the least affected , but upbraided the girl for not having gone p ) service . The father and brother are greatly { " "Tiered . The interview between the brother and sister was _peculiarly affecting : he is a soldier , has been absent from , his country seven years , and who
had only just returned home . The father and mother-in-law both assured the master of the union that their daughter might have come home if she had chosen so to do . This of course they will say in self-defence ; but their conduct has evidently been most atrocious , and should the unhappy girl die , murder , cruel , foul , unnatural murder will be too cleaily chargeable to their account . Such hellish brutality brings disgrace on the entire community , and odium npon the very name of Englishmen and Englishwomen . Lynch law is surely too good for such savages . Dr . Connor visited the' wretched girl on Thursday afternoon ; he ordered that the most nutritious food should he given to her , and that she should be kept quiet , but he has no hope of her ultimate recovery , the system being so utterly exhausted , and it is more than probable -flat her feet will ultimately mortify .
The Tiihee Misers . —On Thursday afternoon Mr . Baker held an inquest atthe Royal Oak , _Whitechapelrroad , on the body of William Chapman , aged 65 , who lived with his sister ( since deceased ) , a cowkeeder in Rosemary-lane , and who , with another brother , was discovered living in a wretched state of destitution , a -notice of whicli appeared in this journal on the 30 th ult . The deceased was found in a small back apartment , sitting up , _vvith only a coarse rug to cover him , and was moaning piteously . He had not been tobedforfiveyears , neither had his brother , who lived in the same house , and to whom he had the strongest hatred . The place being filthy in the extreme , and
£ he deceased evidently dying , he was removed to the Whitechapel workhouse . He gradually sunk , aud died on Tuesday night , having previously made out lis will , being possessed of about £ -2 , 000 , bequeathing the bnlk of it to the nurse who attended him in the workhouse , and bestowing thc nominal sum of Is . io bis eldest brother , who is still living in the same penurious style , although very wealthy , at his deceased sister ' s daily . The jury returned a verdict of _"Natural death , induced by privation and neglect . " It was staled that the property belonging to these extraordinary characters is situate at Lutterworth , in Leicestershire .
IS _^ CESI TIIE CniLD WlLFULLV BuiXED TO Death bt its Mother _, at Lammoxbv . —Penrith , _Mo-simx , Feb . 10 . —The Coroner for the county of Cumberland , Air . Carrick , having adjourned the in- quest from "Wednesday , Thursday , and Saturday last , for the purpose of adducing further evidence to elucidate this unnatural and horrible case , continued j the inquisition this day at the house of Mr . Warwick , innkeeper , at Lanunonby , on view ofthe body ofthe child , Aim Crosby , aged seven years . The principal _Jacts have already appeared in this paper . A medical j gentleman gave it as his opinion that the child must ; ? l < -t 1 _T /» l * l (»/» l-t _Smlfl . 1 mr-r-, _s _* _i l , n _£ . _* . 1 . — _f . _^ .. _TXl _* . _Zt-t * I have been held down the fire forcewith its
_ on by , iaee downwards , and described the various injuries ] it had sustained . A great manv witnesses were ex- j _aminod , who spoke to the cruel and unnatural treat- 1 ment sustained by the two children in the father ' s absence , and said that the children would have been i undoubtedly starved to death had it not been for the i sympathy of some ofthe neighbours . The jury re- -Sred to consider their verdict , and after about anl iours absence returned into court with a verdict of ' Wilful Murder against Jane Crosby . She was comnatted to Carlisle gaol , and will no doubt take her trial atthe ensuing spring assizes , which tab * place aboutthe latter end of this month . j I i S I |
H0rribi.E Desiituiiox.—One Of The Most A...
_^ ' gkiccxturai . Pkotectio . v . —A number of noblemen , gentlemen , and farmers , representing the agriculturists of the country , waited npon Sir Robert Peel by appointment , on Saturday , and laid before him the present depressed state of the agricultural interest , urging its claim upon the Government for a share in any remission of taxation . Several tenantfarmers addressed Sir Robert Peel , stating , from their own practical knowledge , the existing distress in their own particular districts . The Prime Minister received them with great courtesy and attention . The Duke of Richmond read a letter from the Duke of Buckingham , expressing regret at his unavoidable absence . The following were present _t—The Duke of Richmond , Marquis of Salisbury , Earl of Essex , Earl of March , M . P .,
Sussex , West ; Lord Beaumont , Mr . G .-Bankes , M . P ., Dorsetshire ; Mr . T . W . Bramston , M . P ., Essex , South ; Mr . Darby , M . F _., Sussex , East ; Mr . E . B . Denison , M . P ., Yorkshire West Riding ; Mi ' . Du Pre , M . P ., Buckinghamshire ; Mr . W . Miles , M . P ., Somerset , East ; Mr . Newdigate , M . P ., _Wanvickshh-c , ]\ Mth ; Mr . Stafford O'Brien , M . P ., _Northamptonshire , North ; Mr . Pusey _, M . P _., Berkshire ; Col . Rushbrook , M . P ., Suffolk , West ; Sir John'Trollope , Bart ., M . P ., Lincolnshire , South ; Sir John" TyrcU , Bart ., M . P ., Essex , North ; Mr . Wodohouse , M . P ., Norfolk , East ; Mr . J . J . Allnatt , Berkshire : Mr : 11 . G . Andrews , Somerset ; Mr . R .
Baker , Essex ; Mr . W . Bennett , Beds ; Mr . Brick-well , Bucks ; Mr . Blandford , Somerset ; Mr . Brown , North Wilts ; Mr . Cramp , Kent ; Mr . I . Clarke , Lincolnshire ; Mr . I . Ellman , Sussex ; Mr . Hilditch , Salop ; Mr . Fisher Dobbs , Essex ; Mr . Hudson , Norfolk ; Mr . S . Jonas , Cambridgeshire ; Mr . S . Mills , South Wilts ; Mr . Afoseley , East Suffolk Mr . Oakley , Herts ; Mi . Pain , Bedfordshire ; Afr . RodweU , West Suffolk ; Mr . G . _Sbackel , Berkshire ; Mr . R . Smith , Rutland ; Mr . Stevenson , Lincolnshire ; Mr . Turner , Devon ; Mr . Wavsop , Huntingdon ; Mr . lYeall , Surrey , Mr . Edward _"IVvatt , West Sussex .
The Northern Star.-Saturday, February 15,1815.
THE NORTHERN STAR .-SATURDAY , FEBRUARY 15 , 1815 .
The Graham " Settlements." In Our Report...
THE GRAHAM " SETTLEMENTS . " In our report ofthe Parliamentary proceedings it will be seen that on Tuesday night Sir James Graham , the Secretary of State for the " Home" Department , moved for leave to bring in a Bill to " alter and amend" the whole existing law of settlement . In doing so , he detailed at considerable length the " alterations" and " amendments" he proposed to make : " alterations" of a sweeping nature , and " amendments" of tremendous import and effect . Of course on sueh an occasion all he could do was to
impart a general notion of his proposed measure as to its leading principles , leaving details for afterconsideration ; but he enunciated enough to enable " the House" and the country to understand the nature of the great revolution in parochial matters that he is seeking io effect ; and it will lie for the former io instruct the latter whether that revolution be at all desirable or necessary , or likely to be submitted to . With great seeming candour has Sir James thrown his measure on " the consideration of thc country , " and expressed an anxious desire that its merits may be fully and carefully examined . In concluding his remarks on the introduction of his Bill he observed : —
I -trish it to he understood that / hare no intention of pressing . tliis measure to a second reading till tftere is time to collect the opinions of persons best informed upon these subjects , and 1 commit the plan to that species of examination with entire confidence as to the merits of the measure . 1 commit it to the favourable consideration of all men of _humanity who have hitherto laboured sedulously to promote the well-being of thc poor ; and especially I commit it to the protection of those whose sense of justice would lead them equally and fairly to distribute a burden intended to sustain sinking humanity , and which ought to be levied on the rich for the defence ofthe poor ; linally , I commit the measure to the consideration of hon . members now present , in the full confidence that it ¦ wiU be found not altogether unworthy of the adoption of the house .
It will , therefore , remain with the country ta sag whether this measure shall pass with the seeming concurrence of the people—or whether it shall be submitted to the test , of extensive and _searcliing examination , to the end that ihe really good and desirable " amendments" it proposes to make may be secured , and the unnecessary and saxoehous "ALTERATIONS" ?» the old and excellent Parochial System of England , with whieh it is proposed to accompany such " amendments , " may be prevented . It is all the more necessary that the people should " speak out" on these matters from thc " candid" and " open" course pursued by their
" Home" Secretary : for , should they not do so , he will be fairly entitled to interpret then' silence and quiescence into acquiescence ; while , should the measure in all its entirety be persisted in by the " strong Government" and the shoeJicking majority of " the House , " in opposition to a the determined and unequivocal public opinion against the dangerous and revolutioxary innovations attempted , the people will he clear of all blame when the injurious consequences overtake the nation , and the responsibility will rest on the right parties . It therefore behoves the people to examine well the newly-proposed scheme , and to " sneak right out" on the subject .
That some alterations are needed in the existing law oi settlement , no one , who has used his eyes , his ears , and Ms judgment on what is daily passing around him , but must have been long since convinced of . The present law of settlement , though perfectly applicable to the existing state of society for whieh it was formed , is totally inadequate now ; and by its operation most gross injustice and perfect cruelty is oftentimes inflicted . When the law was pass . ed , the circumstances affecting those likely to he subjected to its operation were essentially different to those which obtain in our
"improved ' age and tune . Then thc " takes" of land were much more numerous than now , ? , c , they were "held" in much smaller portions , and on sueh conditions as to let them descend from sire , to son , all as if the land had been the family ' s '" own "; and the consequence'was , that there then existed the farfamed stout , sturdy , well-conditioned race of English yeomen , the pride and the glory of the land , instead of the ignorant , conceited , purse-proud , overbearing , stinking Bullfrogs of the present day , who dare not let a labourer come between the wind and their " respectability . " (?) Then the labourer had a
"home" in the house of the farmer , feeding and faring as the rest of the family , instead of heing driven to shelter in hovels by the way-side or the comers of lanes and ( what were once ) commons , starving with his family on seven shillings a , week when fortunate enough to get casual employment , and poaching and stealing to keep him out of the dreaded uxiox-house when employment fails . Then , manufactures were confined to certain districts of the country , where there existed Guilbs and Companies ; the workers in such . trades being incorporated for mutual protection . Then , it was ordained by law
that the sheriffs of counties , with thc aid of the justices of the peace , the mayors , bailiffs , and other head-officers of cities and towns corporate , and sueh discreet and grave persons of the county as they should think meet , should " confer together _respecting the _vlextv or . the scarcity of the time , and other eimimstanecs , and should rate and appoint the wages to be paid for all kinds and descriptions of labour and service , to the end that idleness might he banished , husbandry _advaxcep , and the hired labourer have yielded unto him , both in the time of i * lextv and in the time of scarcity , a convenient proportion of wages . " Then , there existed a power to punish the sordid and the avaricious of thc employers of labour , who should attempt to pay less than thc
! ! ! ! rated and appoixted amount of wages . Then there existed a law which made it imperative on the Overseers of parishes to find employment for those who could not otherwise obtain it : not employment I on a " mount of misery , " alias a stone-heap ; not employment in the filthy and injurious occupation of oakuni-picking ; not employment in grinding stinking rags into " shoddy-wool" by means of a hand-mill in a union-bastile ; not employment in the nice , and sweet , and healthy occupation of bone cr . usnixG , —so appropriate an employment , as Lord Ebeixgtos thinks , for those whom he has the _in-, solcnce to call " paupers" : not employment at any [ of these things ; but employment at then' own occupaj tions , at home , and with means raised by rate from the > owners and occupiers of property . Then the Overseers
The Graham " Settlements." In Our Report...
of the Poor were obliged to furnish the unemployed with raw material , land , wool or flax—( cotton was then unknown)—on which to expend their labour : and that , too , without having to break up their home ; with _, out having their " traps " sold by their '' guardians ;" without having to enter the Union-house—to be torn from wife and cliild , and child from parents—to be fed on a "dietary" much below that of prisons , in a place , where , as in the Cirencester case , four ounces of bacon is the only animal food allowed for a whole week- without having to be clothed in a degrading workhouse dress , and _bras-obs with the
mark of poverty . ' ' raw material furnished to them , too , without their having to be insulted with the odious and un-English name of " pauper , " and without being liable to have their after wages " attached" to repay the relief " thus afforded them . Then the workman had a noME : his home was guaranteed to him : his " right to live" on the spot that gave him birth was acknowledged and secured . Ita he was "the first partaker of the fruits ; " and want and privation , or at all events destitution , was to him unknown . Thenhe had no inducement to leave the place-of his nativitv : he had no occasion to wander ; he was
settled xt home ; and the law which provided that if he should indulge a vagabondizing disposition—if he should wander from his home , and become chargeable to those who had not enjoyed the benefit of his labour ; the law which in such case provided that the idle and the wandering should be _"}) asscd" to their own parish , was wise , and just , and applicable to the then circumstances . Now , however , the case is different . The circumstances are changed . What was just then is monstrously unjust now . The Bullfrog system oi " taking" land at will in large heaps has superseded the small farms held on an equitable
and secure tenure ; the labourer has been driven out of the farm-house ; the system of " clearing the estates" of the " ragged rascals" has been all but systematically followed : the labourer has been forced to " migrate" into the manufacturing districts ; agents and offices for his sale and " consignment _^ ' have been appointed and opened : even manufactures themselves are not stationary ; the Guilds and Companies aro all broken up , or exist but in name ; the i'ROtection which the labourer had in a fixed and certain rate of wages , and in the duty of thc Overseer to find him raw material to work at when unemployed , has been repealed , * employment is no where certain ; the worker has been forced to become an animal of prey , not only on other species , but even on
his own ! he is compelled to '' migrate" to those spots where , for the time being , employment at under wage is to be found : and it has not unfrequently happened , that after he has spent his marrow , his strength , and all but life it-self in the manufacturing districts , heaping up princely fortunes for the numerous tribe of nabobs there abounding , the old law of settlement has been brought to ' bear when he was thoroughly "destitute , " and he has been removed from the place where the property ivas that HE HAD CREATED , to another spot , where he had to be kept in a lingering state of misery till death , out of " property " to which he had added no value , because thc grinding system to which he had been subjected had in the outset of life driven him from home . ' Yes ! an alteration in the law of settlement
to adapt it to the present times and present circumstances , is much needed : though it may ' be much doubted , and will , we hope and trust , be stoutly eontended , that to effect sueh needful alteration , it is neither desirable nor needful to break up the ancient and existing divisions of the country , and revolutiokise thc ideas , and feelings , and habits of the people ! The one can be effected without the other : and it reflects no small
amount of discredit on the Peel Ministry that they ahould have measly taken advantage of a generallyacknowledged want , and made it the occasion , under the plausible pretence of satisfying that want , to accomplish a most sinister and base design . Alteration ofthe law of settlement is needed ; that every-day experience demonstrates : and if there could possibly be any doubt on the subject , the monstrous threat of the League manufacturers of Lancashire , to " remove" the thousands upon thousands of worn-out workers in their district , —who have , from the causes above narrated , been forced to " migrate" thither ,
and who have expended their labour for the benefit of the said manufacturers ; could any doubt possibly exist as to thc necessity for an alteration of thc law of settlement , the threat made by the Leaguers to " pass" thousands upon thousands of poor labourers , —whom they had sucked till they were marrowless , —hack to their parishes to be maintained by the landowners , the farmers , and the farm , labourers , — a threat uttered for the monstrous purpose of overawing the legislature , and of forcing from it a measure at once unjust , impolitic , and thoroughly selfish , —and which threat the existing law would enable
them to execute , did not a cowardly fear to brave public odium and disgrace restrain the conceivers of the horrible project ; we say , that could there be a scintilla of doubt as to the necessity of an alteration in this state of the law , it would be instantly set at rest by the bare enunciation of the facts , that such a monstrously unjust proposal has been entertained ; that thousands are hourly , iu danger of being made its Victims ; that the law will allow of their being torn from their present '' homes "—from friends , relatives , families , acquaintances , and associations , and of being sent ina "pass-cart" to spots where allis strange—where feelings , and notions , and habits aro entirely " foreign" to the man so long away ; and that it is not unlikely that thc demon-spirit of
oais and power which first prompted the horrible conception , may arm the uttercrs ot thc threat with " courage" to carry it into execution ! Yes ; a just and wise alteration in this state of the law is much needed , and will be hailed with joy : but it does not follow that therefore we arc to submit to havo England re-parceled out—have all our old home-institutions , and boundaries , and distinctions « pset and destroyed ! Thc one portion of the Home Secretary ' s scheme , if accompanied with just details , the people , to whom he has appealed , may aid him in : the other portion , — the sinister attempt to permanently establish the . Somerset-house tyranny , through the innovating hand of the spoiler , —will , we are sure , be resisted to the uttermost , oven should the result be the " upsetting" of Sir James and his "imperium in inwerio . '"
Before we examine in detail the several " alterations" and " amendmcnts"thatthe Home Minister proposes , —and which we purpose to do at length on another occasion , —we must direct attention to the matter-ot fact as to the condition of the people with which that said Home Minister prefaced his statement ; and duty also calls on us to expose a MONSTROUS LIE which that same Minister was allowed , and wncontradicted too , to utter in the face of Parliament and the people of England . In introducing his subject , according to the reporter for the Times , Sir James GRAnAM said : —
/{ is a melancholy _jact , but still a fact , that no less than _onE-TESin of the whole population of England and Wales deceive belief from the _Pooe-rate in the course of the year . A multitude of no less than 1 , 500 , 000 persons in this country receive relief from the poor-rate . ( Hear . ) _Thcmagnititaeoffhesimalso THUS PAID is very great . I could being that fresh to tour recollectios in various wavs . / might state it thus it would be ho _exaggeration , that since the termination of
the war in 1815 , notwithstanding all that has been said of the neglect of the interests of the poor—notwithstanding all that has been said of the inhumanity of the law ( hear , hear ) , of thc culpable negligence with wliich the wants ofthe poor are regarded by the rich , independently of all private charity and of the benefactions of our chart _, tabic institutions—since i ? ie termination of the war no Jess a sum has been levied froin Hie rate-payers of this _coimtri * than £ 200 , 060 , 000 _Oieav , hear ) , a sum nearly amounting to onefourth of the capital of the national debt .
Here , then , we have , from the Home Minister's own mouth , the extent of destitution and poverty in this wealthy country ! "one-tenth" of the whole population receive relief from the poor-rates in the course of the year ! Hail ! the " spirit of Lmprovemext ! " Hail ! 0 , hail ! our blessed system of Government ! One in- every ten of our population a " pauper , " as the poor are now insolently termed ! What a credit to those who have ruled us ! What a fact for the Home Minister of Britijin , —the centre of
The Graham " Settlements." In Our Report...
civilisation , and mistress of _i the sea , —to enunciate : Butthefactisso . It can now no longer be gainsaid . We have " authority" for the statement . When the peoplo comp lain -they arc rebuked , and chided , and sneered at , and their complaints impudently denied . The assertion has been as common as an every-day word in the Political Economist's mouth , that the workers were better off now than at any period of British histoiy ; that their wages werc higher—tho amount of necessaries that those wages would purchase was much greater—and that they could get fine broad cloth for the men , and silk and cotton gowns and stockings for the women , much _finm- _-li-id better than the Court and Aristocracy could
obtain for love or money in Elizabeth ' s reign . All this we have had incessantly dinned into us , and much more to the same purport * and now the climax is capped by our Home Minister , telling in the face of the world , that every tenth man woman and child in the country is a " pauper ! " " Wau ' st improvement , Ma ' am , " as Will Cowbett would have exclaimed . We shall see hereafter _whetheu it were so or not in the days when full Protection was enjoyed by every class : before the days of Debt—of grinding taxation— ofthe ever-accursed and curse-seattering paper money—of Peel ' s Bills—of Huskinson ' s and Peel ' s Free-trade Tariffs—of heavy burdens and _lowjtrkes ' The comparison between the two periods we shall shortly institute .
The fact , the great fact , '—a fact greater than the Anti-Corn League ; the " melancholy fact , " Sir James Graham calls it , as tothe extent of " pauperism , " we do not dispute : but we do dispute the MONSTROUS LIE whieh the Minister built on that fact . Whenever an assault on the poor is meditated , the scheme by which it is intended to accomplish the base purpose is sure to he ushered in with a LIE as to the extent of relief afforded to the poor . Before thc Poor Law Amendment Act was introduced , the infamous thumper that , the poor cost £ 8 , 000 , 000 a year was industriously and
systematically circulated ; and now when the last remaining tie of the poor to Fatherland is to be severed ; when thc system of self-Government which has withstood the shock of ages , is to be uprooted ; when the timehonoured divisions and landmarks are to he removed and the country rc-mapped out on the " Wau ' st improvement , ma ' am" principle , as though a conqueror had invaded us , and determined to obliterate from the hearts of thc people all recollection even of former station and greatness : now when this destruction has to be accomplished , to make way for the full development o _* Malthusian Philosophy ; now , to prepare thc public mind for this change , a Minister of State does not hesitate to get up in his place in Parliament , and utter thc ATROCIOUS LIE , that during the last
thirty years the poor have had _taid to them no less a sum than -E 200 , 000 , 000 J ! It is not without purpose thatthesostatcmentsaremade . The £ 8 , 000 , 000 a-year story in 1334 did its work ! The owners of property were alarmed ' THEIR estates were about to be " swallowed up . " It was time to put a stop to the horrible devastation wliich threatened to leave them penniless ; and so the Poor Law Bill was passed ! Assault first , was then committed . Assault second * , is now attempted ; and , therefore , we have a similar preparatory process . Thc fears and alarms of propertymen are again to be evoked , and set in play . The extent of " pauperism" is therefore paraded ; and the ASTOUNDING LIE that - £ 200 , 000 , 000 . in thirty years has been paid lo the poor is uttered by " authority !"
we by no means deny that the sum of £ 200 , 000 , 000 has been "levied from the ratepayers" during the last thirty years . Nay , we freely admit that that sum has even been levied on the pretence that it was for " ihe relief of the poor . " It is not with that statement we quarrel : but with the statement ofthe Minister , that that sum has been PAID to the poor . It is not true . Out of the sums raised ostensibly for "the relief of the _pooi _* " arc paid a host of charges which diminish thc amount paid to the poor in proportion to the amount " raised , " very considerably . There are all the salaried officials of the New Poor Law—the
workhouse masters , matrons , clerks , and schoolmasters ; there are all the hired overseers , and the paid collectors , of rates ; there arc thc salaried chaplains of workhouses , and the clerks to the Boards of Guardians ; there ar e all the lawyers , with their long lists of charges for litigations respecting settlement s ! and one sort of dispute and another : there are all the County-rates , and tho building of prisons , andhouscs of correction , and tread-wheels , and lockups , and court houses , and the erection and maintenance of County hridges ; there are all the expenses of prosecuting misdemeanants , and cf keeping them while in prison
there are all thc salaries of jailors , and turnkeys , and prison-parsons , and hangmen ; there arc all the expenses of Constabulary , parish and rural— -chiefs , inspectors , serjeants , privates and all ; there are nil the County Lunatic Asylums , erecting , maintaining , and sustaining , with all tfiefr tribes of paid officials : there are all these charges , and many more , defrayed out ef tho rate _levied , for the relief of the poor : and it is monstrous—it is stupendously impudent to represent the money " THUS PAID " as money paid tothe poor ! Deduct from thc £ 200 , 000 , 000 what
has been " swallowed up by these things ; and then we shall get atthe veal amount paid to the poor . No doubt that amount will be very considerablewill be greatly too liigh to be consistent with this " watvstly improved" age : but still it will be much below what the alarmists now represent it to be .. If Sir James Graham had had to sail on thc other tack ; if he had had to demonstrate the saving in rates effected by the new law , we should have heard nothing of the £ 200 , 000 , 000 paid to the poor during the last thirty years _.
Having thus exposed the MONSTER LIE , which has been enunciated by " authority" to pavafche way for discreditable and unworthy ministerial intentions , we shall , for the present , leave the subject in the hands ofthe reader . Wc shall shortly return to it ; and examine thc several propositions that Sir James Graham makes , for altering in the law of settlement . Wo shall endeavour to ascertain their sufficiency or insufficiency for the end proposed : and point attention to the monstrous proposal by whicli such alterations are accompanied ; the proposal to break up the existing land-marks
of England . We shall show that such proposal or project docs not necessarily , nor ought not , to-form any portion of an attempt to amend the law of settlement . We shall show that every one of thc advantages which the Home Secretary hares ' - to speak of , as likely to accrue from such a step can be secured with thc parish and township divisions just as they arc ; and we shall also show , that the maintenance of our present parochial system is the onlymodewe have of preserving THE VESTRY
the remains ofthe system of self-government , once the pride and boast of Englishmen . We shall show that this attempt of Graham's is intended , and will have the effect , if successful , of annihilating every vestige of parish-right and parish-liberty—placing the whole of the rate-payers of the country in the hands of an irresponsible Secretary of State , three _tinconstitutional Poor Law Commissioners , and at the mercy of the no less unconstitutional and hateful bevies of prowling rural police . Meantime we bid the people awake , and look about them ! The enemy is at their homes
National Plunder. War To The Kjjife Agai...
NATIONAL PLUNDER . WAR TO THE KJJIFE AGAINST THE POOR . We comp lained of the total omission of all questions connected with the interests ofthe working classes in the speech with which her Majesty opened the present session of Parliament : and with an expectation of the advantage that Ministers would take of
" surplus" and temporary " prosperity , " we intimated that to their early speeches , rather than to the Royal prologue , we must look for the people ' s share of both " surplus" and " prosperity . " We had a notion , and as it appeal's not an . unreasonable one , that an attempt would he made to quell all the . angry feelings of classes suspicious ofthe present Prime Minister , by uniting them in one common assault against the working people .
The great knowledge acquired by the working classes upon all questions of political economy , deters the Minister from entering upon measures the results of which are visible at a glance . The power of Capital , the perversion of justice , and the tread-wheel cannot he obscured in thc clauses of a Masters' and Servants' Bill , however enveloped in legal technicalities . There , the naked eye can see the covered aim raised , and ready to strike the moment the law shall have sanctioned the blow . No man can tell , when the foundation is excavated , or the first courses of the building laid , whether it Is Intended as a silent
tomb for the class-made thief , or for a palace wherein royalty is to revel : hut as it rises , the intent is developed . So precisely is it with that finesse to which our present rulers ave obliged to resort . Thc foundation is kid in "humanity , philanthrophy , and kindness for the poor : " but the progress ofthe building developes the intention of tlic architect . Sir James Gn . ui . oi has propounded a new law of settlement to the House of Commons , of which , mystify it as he-may , the real meaning of ihe measure is " war lo the knife" against the last remaining and very dearest and most cherished privilege of the poor man ,
the privilege of at least liaving " something to love . ' Fatherland , to the soldier or the national plunderer , may carry with it . a more extensive meaning than parochial residence : but to the poor man , whose existing condition and future hope is bounded by the landmarks of that parish of whicli he was born an inheritor , fatherland conveys a more limited , but not less enthusiastic idea . " Home , sweet home ; " '' the land of my birth ; " " the home of my fathers ; " "the land where my forefathers dwelt ; " the companions of my youth ; " " the associates of manhood ; " arid " thc cronies of old age ; " one and all carry feelings
of nationality , however circumscribed by the narrow boundaries of parish . The humble spire of the unostentatious parish church ; the face of the old overseer , the parish beadle , and the parish officers , were once sights that the humbler classes loved to look upon , because in them they recognised the simplicity of religion , the protection of [ law , and the right to live . Indeed so stoutly have those cherished bulwarks resisted all the attacks of the damnable New Poor , Law Acts , that our present Home Secretary sees the necessity of levelling them altogether , before he can hope to carry that measure into full effect .
We have now to learn whether the _RiciiMoxns , the _Bl'ckixghams , the Basres ' s , and Youxg England , so loud in their demand for " the rights of labour , " will allow the fast " stake" to be drawn from "tho poor man ' s hedge . " Thc very object ofthe Poor Law Amendment Act was to save the estates of the landlords from the pressure of "pauperism , " by the clearance ofthe rightful proprietors ; and its effect has been to keep society in a state of perpetual social revolution , ready at any moment to take advantage of a favourable opportunity to take vengeance upon their oppressors . The manufacturers were as
ready to receive as the landlords were to disinherit the " surplus" agricultural stock ; and werc it not for the certainty tbat the keen eye of the capitalist will see through the ultimate effect of obtaining settlement by a time , residence , and be thereby led to the anticipation of having one day to support tiieir own victim , we have little doubt that _Guaham _' s codicil io Gre y ' s " legacy to labourers " would be received as . a boon . Independently of thc denationalizing effect that the substitution of Union departments for parochial boundaries must have upon the national character , we see in the
measure the complete frustration of the allotment plan , the small farm system , and even thc most partial return to agricultural pursuits . We see the breaking up of the old family compact . We see the impossibility of realising that better understanding between peer and peasant recommended by Baron Aleerso . _s , and enforced by Mr . D'Ishaeij , as a means of harmonising class with class , and of destroying the present suspicions reciprocally entertained by each . "What ' a mockery then , that the poor can only hope for such protection and defence as that whieh arises from tlio jealousies of those upon whom they may be henceforth quartered for existence !
The anomalous increase of manufactures m its day led to the easy surrender of the poor man ' s rights ; and no doubt the present prospect of " improve _, ment" has led to an attack upon his remaining privileges . At the present moment , there are in Lancashire alone more than one hundred new cotton mills in process of erection , all of immense magnitude ; and , doubtless , a portion of Graham ' s Settlement Bill is intended to facilitate the required importation of agricultural slaves to work them .
lhc great object of manufacturers m the present day is in every possible case to substitute machinery for manual labour ; and if overgrowing fortunes already made are not to be sacrificed , they can only be preserved by equalizing the facilities of production to those possessed by the new mills worked by improved machinery . What then , we ask , is to become either of the present operatives or the , " surplus , " by which their ranks are io he increased ? The policy of the Minister has ever been to divert attention from things substantial to those whicli are
but _gnadowed forth in his measures , but are , nevertheless , sure to be one day realised . Hence he reconciled the landed interest to his tariff in 1841 , by the assurance that there was no competing supply of livestock in the markets of the world to damage their interests . They could not see the calves unbomj that would one day become oxen , and he laughed at those foolish apprehensions wliich are now in course ot realization . On precisely a similar point will the debate upon Sir J . _wres Grmulm ' s plundering bill turn .
Thc ministerial farmers that whistle at Downingstreet , will obey ministerial orders ; while the acquiescence of the manufacturing interest will be insured upon the principle , " Sufficient unto thc day is the evil thereof . " The battle of the manufacturers will be waged against any proposed short acquirement of settlement ; while the landlords , of course , as friends to the "honest labourer , " will contend untitle upon shorter conditions . And then a compromise will be made—after a . few elegies have heon delivered by Youxci England and others , who would serve the poor , if that service could be made
contingent upon more satisfied servility . Then the " plausible Minister" will stop in , as the arbiter between contending factions ; and the rights of the labourer will be equitably distributed , as a boon to contending belligerents . The parochial landmarks will be broken down , and the odious word " union * " will be substituted , to harmonize in-door wretchedness w-ith stalking discontent . All the ties of affection which bound man to liis birth-place will be destroyed—the worst passions of an offended and zealous race will bo let loose ; and in every " rich oppressor" thc " poor oppressed" will see a deadly
enemy . An insult supposed to be offered to a bagman missionary , thirty thousand miles from England , threatened the world with war , and a "strong Ministry " with dissolution : and our rulers at home made their Itoyal mistress congratulate herself and the country on the "increasing loyalty" ofher people ; and the reward is an expected tame submission to the annihilation of their every right ! If Graham ' s uprooting of parish landmarks is not a Masters' and Servants' Bill ; if it is not an anti-trade combination
bill , it is a bill more sweeping in hostility to the labouring classes than any ever proposed , even by the putative father of the measure . Will the people now not arouse ? Will they tamely stand by and witness this measure of outlawry ? The Minister , as we predicted , has calculated on temporary ' * _prosperity'Vand consequent apathy ,- otherwise would he not have dared to ofter such an insult to Englishmen . Time was whcii _/ lie would _haye lost liis head even _, ior the proposal . Time may come when Englishmen will be themselves again .
Now , then , is the time , without distinction of politics or . creed , for every friend of the poor man to unite . Let the people not be taken by surprise _. Let us haye a bold , a manly , and a timely resistance , or let us hear no more of " labour ' s friends , " of the
" stake in the hedge , " or of " the _hbouroK' *„ i .... .- v « wUe _;« society . J O ! for an Oastler in this hour of tribulaf We verily believe that if circumstances had not c '" ' pellea that great and truthful advocate ofthe fish ' of labour to seek in other spheres that _compete !" to which his exertions in behalf of the p 00 r Q ! ? than entitled him , Graham ' s monstrous _mm _\ would never have been made . It is made , howey _* and if the people don ' t exert themselves they _»¦ _' ! find that it will soon become law .
. The "Royal Loyal Natro.X-\\ Repealers....
. THE "ROYAL LOYAL NATro . X- _\\ REPEALERS . " We have often had to advert * to , and chastise , _--v , disgusting , fawning sycophancy and slavering "i ~ r ' loyalty " that lias disgraced most of the _procec-hv _' ' ofthe " Royal Loyal Nations ] Repealers" of Dublin * It gives us delight to be able to record the fact , tinon this point , thc Nation at least—the organ of ti "' " Royal Loyals' _'—is coming to its senses . The iV lowing will lie read with pleasure by the _aianj . !
minded Chartists , not only _fo ; - ihe _truilis _contaii-iii in it respecting the position of tlic poor _creatine decked out in gew-gaws and feathers of whom : r speaks , but for thc evidence it supplies that proof _, sentiments are making way , and are at Icngtii . _tK-irtenunciated by those who only lately licked the fpw and fawned and flattered the " painted idol , " ? so remorselessly unveiled . Our extract is from ; h Nation of Saturday last ; - ~
The Parliament of the empire litis me : —its airav : . _y . gorgeous . '—its language how proud ! It lacked no _pon-. p —it seemed to lack no power . Its chroniclers arc _AA-h at its waving plumes . There was a Queen —Ec _** p : re . dinted with the revolutions of a thousand years . _Arouiv * her were the Ambassadors of every civilised _lut , _^ Around her was a . Council containing the most f ; ur . &' . ; s general and the wiliest politician of her subjects . _Befoiher were the Lords and Commons of the " United Kin * donis "—owners of enormous wealth and venerable tit ' i _^ —empowered to _m-ike laws for East and West Indie ; , Australia , Canada , Ireland , Scotland , and England—~ m posing fifty millions of taxes , maintainors of a boas :, M constitution , of a fplendid army ., and of an unbes- . _^ navy .
What wonder if , while they rustled in broidered s : _^ : ? their throats wore sweUing with pride , and they _< lr . r * l heaven and earth to say tliem nay ? Is this a fabric surely founded—safe from foes or ; - - a pile of clouds , splendid with a setting snn ? The people of Ireland shall put it to the trial . We pass from the outside of this Parliament to '<} . t \ side . This renowned Queen is _powerless . She maki : b a . v _* j roiiBins no law—so appointment . She dare ml t :-. the council-room of her Cabinet . She appeared , in ; iii i _± t trappings , to read a document to wliich she gave no : . sentence . She was buouciit now . * - as a . N _* E « -gj . isr _roiisi ' or the Constitution-, along with the 'irc . u ; . . ek ' s MACE _ANU THE Stat £ _-trumi'j : ti _* r , io do the _« . ;/ . ; , „ the Ministry .
Of that diplomatic circle some were there as oliscrvir _. enemies , some as indifferent neutrals : all allied liL .-. « . strikes—none fond , none trustful of England . That Ministry is a committee of _cvm-iromi . 'u :. _; :, leaders nave always been beaten in polities . Tliey ¦ _«; _-r beaten by the Irish on Emancipation—they were U ; . _.:-. r hy the English on Reform . Whig folly and Whig traitor ; gave tliem office , and another chance in 1 S 41 ; thtj _m-.- ; _- to law with _Ireland , and _ivere beaten again , _Tlnj !; -. ¦ /) _I'ccp office by renouncing tlioir principles—rash , _ln-tV ,-. _sirm—divided , yet not liberal—without ono man of _goc . k _^ —without one man who has not deserted , —thev , n .-- _... . theless , are THE RULERS of Queen and country . The Parliament—the' Parliament of sueh _im ; _v :. ' .- > _lio-. ver and responsibility—wc have judged it already .
That formal QuzE . Nread to that wweited _Parth-..: n the resolutions of the Ministry , and the _Parliament \ ir . \ . _-iimously approved of them . Let us trust that thc foregoing is from _rus ji _;' .. _ji ; of the _inen ofthe Nation ; and that we shall no r , _'orbe nauseated with the rank hypocrisy of " nine f ; .- ;>! mm for onr beautiful young Queen . "
The Conference. Duncombe And Tiie Tr.Tdk...
THE CONFERENCE . DUNCOMBE AND TIIE TR . _tDKE . It has been the luck , whether good or evil , of : h ? Working Glasses to have many friends who were prolific in theory , but niggard in practice : many who have counselled ihem , as to what ought to be dor .-:, but few who have lent a helping hand in execution . Not so with him to whom Labour's sons now look with a surpassing interest . If Du . _vcoMnr . reesramends the Working Classes to a course of actios calculated to serve their cause , lie is not the can to _flincli on the day of trial . On the contrary , w
ever find him the boldest of tho bold , going even be yond the most sanguine anticipations entertained Sy his friends , and at all times evincing an amount of research upon subjects on which , without disparagement , ignorance would be pardonable , but to which he brings to bear commendable diligence in aid of ? comprehensive understanding . Under these _circaiisstances we have peculiar pleasure in directing attention to the report of the preliminary meeting of fe London Trades , by which it will be seen that Mr . _Duxcomue has . in the most honourable mannor . con .
sented to preside over the forthcoming Trades ' Conference . . _^ Every man of common sense will & once sec , arcwithstanding Mr . _Dracfrw-s claim of exemption from that office irj- - , { . ne SCOve Of _iguQVauCC of tad « business , _tfcafj he s mi on y a f ] ¦ _^ _^ m _^ t _peiSlffi to " be appointed , but that , inlaet , heis _- _'femostfitani proper person : and for tliis simple reason . As Mr . Duxcomre is to be the Parliamentary organ of the body of Trades , there is no school in which lie conld so well learn that lesson wliich is indispensable to the discharge of _thedutiessubsequentlydevclvingonkii'i .
Itis evident , from the masterly manner in which Mr , Duxcomre instructed liimself , in a very short time , on the Miners' question , the Masters aud Servant *) Bill , and the Ten Hours Bill , that he possesses the facukj of concentration in a high degree . Mr . _Dc-.-comss might read till he became grey with old age , or . the several subjects written in connection with the Trades , and yet appear as a child in debate ; whereas , the first . and practical oral knowledge acquired from the lips of the Trades Delegates will put him in passession of the corn , without imposing the tax of winnowing upon him .
Moreover , Mr . _Duxcombe has proved his fitness : ' ! the office of President , by the knowledge he has J . * - played on points of order in an assembly governed by most intricate rules ; a circumstance _^ _-cil we learn from the very adroit mannor in which he has instructed the Speaker of the House of Cemnora in his duty upon more occasions than one , The Trades are now fairl y afloat with a pilot that has ti . o judgment to guide , and the courage to stand or . the last plank ofthe vessel , should danger threaten . We trust that the " crew" are as fully prepared and _determined to do their work as Mr . _Dunx'OMbp . is to _« o his . If thoy be , salvation to the producing _mus ? _- _* is near at hand .
The Income Tax And The " Surplus Last Ni...
THE INCOME TAX AND THE " _SURPLUS Last night Sir Robert Peei . made what fie <& S his " financialstatement : " that is , he condescende _d to tell us how long he proposes to keep on the _Bicar Tax , and how lie intends to dispose of his " surplus . " In another part of this sheet will be found anarap _k report of his " statement . " Wc shall examine it in detail next week . Meantime we congratulate thc i _* oon on the " boon " i » prospect for them . The auction-duty is to be _whoily repealed ; and their few " traps , " when seized on or rent , will realize some [ shilling or half-crown more for the heartless landlord when he _putstljpso "tops *' " up to the hammer ! The duty on glass is also to he repealed , in order that the well-fed , _well-housedag ricultural labourers may have double-windows ! Sugar is also to he made _ljd . a pound " cheaper . " And all this . it the expense of the incomes of the _riea-Have not the poor cause to be grateful to taosr " governors ?"
Co Mmx$ & Coitfspnow
Co mmx $ & _CoiTfspnow
W. R., Or.Bii.Tm.—We Are Sorry That We C...
W . R ., Or . Bii . tM . —We are sorry that we cannot adup _^ as suggestion for the main portion of our impression . _^ - > however , impossible . By the time the market in question is over , two hundred miles from us , a great portion ° . the second , edition is printed , and ready for post- * our third edition , or in the one that arrives in _*•* country on Sunday morning , we shall in future s _^~ -- " Wakefield market news . . l ( _. The South _Lancashire Secretary would feel _obiig _* _--to the sub-secretaries of thc following places if ' » _£ would send him their several addresses—viz ., _^" _ri " ton , Stal ybvidge , Ashton-under-Lyne , Hy de , _Duki--field , Bolton , Ratcliffe-bridge , and Jfilnrow . Adt _^ - ';;' post-paid , to Mr . Richard Radford , Xo . 8 , Vilat-stre . ' . Wileome-street , Hulme _, Manchester . _^ All commu-vicatons for the Chartists of _^ _- _^ _.. _L _' _gj must , for the future , he addressed to Mr . « ' ' Smith , envc of Mr , James Leach , No . _« , 0 _^ - " ™"'
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 15, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_15021845/page/4/
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