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TO THE WORKING MEN OF ENGLAND.
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SNIG'S END. A highly important and full ...
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MR, G. W. WHEELER AND THE HULL LAND MEMB...
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Bolton.—At •^•¦mohthiy "meeting of-the L...
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TO THE CHARTIST BODY. Friends,-*-Joseph ...
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DEATH OF ALEXANDER SHARP, ANOTHER VICTIM...
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BALANCE SHEET OF THE NATIONAL VICTIM COM...
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THE NATIONALVtCTlM COMMITTEE TO THE CHAR...
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THE CHARTIST OEATORS. to Mil. uonoAit'e,...
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. . ANOTHER SHOEMAKERS' SHOW. Wo underst...
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' ¦:' TO THE EDITOR OP THE NORTH ' ER!* ...
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"When a person wishes to salute another ...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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To The Working Men Of England.
TO THE WORKING MEN OF ENGLAND .
\ Fc Fbiesds, * Tfhile Other Journalists...
\ _fc Fbiesds , * Tfhile other journalists pander to the morbid feeling of your class "b y cooking the Zn _£ diabolical murders and the most tragical _rten _es to suit your palate , the "Northern % ar" merely reports them as incidents ofthe £ _^( i does n ot placard the city walls "with _&^«« L _*»* _ _ _„ ,. melan butnevertheleit is
It is choly— , ss , _iyue—that -while many journalists express the dee pest horror atthe committal of the murder , _j w inwardly luxuriate in fhe profit to be derived from the foul deed . 3 ly friends , no man hates murder or cruelty Store than I do , and the means by which I _-ffould put a stop to both is , by the Mr and _zvinitable adjustment of the Labour Question .
• Bow many thousand of your order are there jn _England , who , if they had but a given and short time to _looi into the columns ofa newspaper wonld devote that time to the perusal Jf the Massing tragedy , leaving wholly unnoticed matter vitally bearing upon their interest -And why is this ? Morally , because their traming is bad ; socially , because they act upon the vicious principle , that "What ' s everybody ' s harness is nobody's business . " of orderwbAle
"Sow , tbis is the fault your ; * ihe best proof that I can furnish of my con-• riction that this vice is not inherent in your nature is , tbat I have never lost the hope of er _adicating it by proper instruction . And now _thatfrro Sessions of the present Parliament have passed away , and when it is very _likelv that ire may have a General Election at lie very distant period , let me now call your attention to my anticipations , and from recent events you will say that I am justified in my conclusions .
During the two last Sessions the European revolutions compelled the Peel and Protectionist party to support the Whig Government , as having tiie greatest stake in the country ; they sacrificed all other interests , patronage and all , to what they considered to be necessary for the protection of their property . This constituted _ErsSEii's power in the House while the Gagging Bill—the subserviency of the _jury class—tiie flexibility of the law—the dread of the bludgeon , and fear of transportation or incarceration suppressed the oaf-door _r-ublic opinion . . That , however , eannot be
smothered at an . election ; and within a very recent period , the result of the Reading , Ki dderminster , and other elections , have taught the noble lord that his only chance of continuing in office depends not more upon the purification of rotten boroughs than upon the general enfranchisement of the whole people : audit is for thb reason that I am determined to keep your minds steadily fixed npon the twins-THE HAND and THE CHARTER . The Charter as the political means , and the Land as the social end .
The " Times" is now luxuriating in—nay , gloating over—the fact , that Mr . Dusty , the proprietor of the " Nation , " now repudiates Repeal , and is calling the attention of his countrymen to the Land . The "Illustrated London News "—a very ably conducted paperis also advocating the Land Plan , but for the present repudiates the too minute subdivision of ihe soil , as it has not operated well ia
France . The " Daily News extracts whole columns from the " Nottingham Mercury , " the " Wiltshire Independent , " and other provincial papers , upon the Land Plan generally , recommending the reduction of the amount of land at present heldby farmers , butnot yet arriving at the Labour point of the question—namely , the reduction to that amount which would enable man to live upon the proceeds of his own industry .
The " Nottingham Mercury" tells ns , that whereas farmers cultivating three hundred acres cannot produce three quarters of wheat an acre , farmers cultivating one hundred acres can produce five ; thus making three acres well _c-d-faya"**** _-- ! equal to five acres badly _culti--rated ; but omitting to develope th _^ GREAT FACT , that the chief capital expended in the cultivation of land is Labour , and that upon the Small Farm system alone , by which man works for himself , can this system he truly developed .
Trie _Co-rporatio-a of London is also taking np tie Land Question , -with a view to colonise _Ireland , upon the profession of philanthropy , "but actually npon the principle of speculation and profit . The Free Traders have now discovered that the possession of the Land is the only means hy which people can he put in possession of the vote , hut this is putting the cart before the horse ; they want to enfranchise a sufficient number of dependent slaves to put themselves in possession of political power , of patronage , and of exclusive dominion over the great mass of the working classes .
My friends , as I have been frequently misrepresented , it is not my wish or desire that the " Northern Star" should be made an organ for misrepresenting others , and therefore I desire to explain the misinterpretation of Mr . D * offt hy tho "Times . '' Mr . _Durar . does not repudiate Repeal , but Mr . _Duitt does denounce the professing Repealers , both in and out ofthe House of Commons—that is ,
the professed leaders using popular excitement and energy for the purpose of securing place , pension , _T ) r emolument . He calls them '' lickspittles , " and other appropriate names which I have called them more than once to their faces in the House of Commons , but he neither abandons nor repudiates the principle of Repeal , although wearied and depressed by the deception and rascality of the Repealers .
The " Illustrated London News " while _repudiatins the Small Farm System , upon the principle upon which Land is held in France , appears to have _forgoOen that the amount generally occupied or . owned by a French agriculturist ofthat class is fi-om a quarter of an acre to less than an acre ; and that there is scarcely an instance of one of that class occupying four , three , or two acres . However , the best mode of estimating the value of property is bythe fancy , the hope , or the value that the proprietor attaches to it . And , let me illustrate this for vou . My Uncle , Abthur
O'Co-x-sob , who is now in thc fifty-first year of his bauishment , possesses a very large domain near Fontainblcau ; when I was younger , and before I understood the allotment system , I was walking -with him in the grounds , I saw ! one man going here and another going there : with "basket aud spade—in fact the p lace was [ swarming—and all going to work upon _sepa-^ rate allotments , aud all very small . I asked 1 him what he was doing , and he told me that _s all those small allotments were the property of t those parties . I said , " Why do you not pur-\ " chase them ? * ' He replied , - *¦ I could not name i the price the poorest would take , they are so ? much attached to their allotments . "
I Now if it is an admitted fact , that manufacturers , shopkeepers , and others , have a just I right to put a fancy price upon their goods , _4 and to keep them rather than to sell them according to the market price , they have a I * perfect right to do so ; and the fact of the I French people fixing such enormous prices—or I rather refusing to take any price—for their I Email patches of Land , but establishes , not the I mere individual , but the national value that is w _T _*»**^ _ r _jf * . *•» - _*¦*¦ * _ _ _ attached to the Land
_^ ; -whereas ; as 1 have "frequentl y told you , the great error of our system co _* asists in tbe vulgar error—nay , in toe fanaticism-of attempting to make laws - ? in this day for the government of future a <** es , when men and circumstances will have wholly _^ . changed , and hen the then , generation must legislate for itself . I With these views before me , I have made four acres the _raaximium , and that ' s too _much-|* and ' in after times , when the value of free _^ labour applied to thc land is discovered , when t the population increase 3 and when we Bee
\ Fc Fbiesds, * Tfhile Other Journalists...
the folly of looking to other countries for what we may produce at home , both cheaper and fresher , then four acres will be considered a GIST" faTH \ _^ toapplyawb according to thepresent population to my system , _let as see the effect that the application of merely eight millions of land to the location of LJ ! t ? ° _, h present _Puliation _™ uld have It would locate two million families , or , at fiv-e to a family , ten million people ; but go stdl lower , and if four acres is too small . auot
nve acres each to one million , and you provide free , wholesome and remunerative labour for five millions , at five to a family , upon less than a thirteenth of the Land now lying waste , and those five millions would be better customers than all your colonies for any branch of Trade . By the bye , in talking of the Colonies , _Canada is going , and the Ionian Islands are on the move , and the loss of both would be a Bource of great profit to the country . And , bear in mind , that in mv
_worfc upon Small FaTmB , -written in 18 i 3 , I told you that we should give up those colonies . My friends , you must then keep your minds steadily fixed upon the political means—THE CHARTER—and the social end —THB LAND . And , however those of the well-paid of your order may sneer aad jeer at the dull life of the clod-pole , heed them not , as they will presentl y discover that their condition can he only permanently benefitted by the bettering of your condition , by the destruction of competition in the Labour Market . My friends , let me now call your attention to what ever has been , and to what I have
always told yon would be , the result of a physical revolution . I spent the last week in France , and I did not meet a single man of any class that did not denounce the revolution and abominate the President . The "Times " tells you of the enthusiasm with which he is received at Railway Stations , and at banquets ; casting a shade over the fact , that the crowds at the stations , and the guests at the banquets , are collected and invited by officials , but do not express the sentiments of the people . He is a second Hudson , he is over-head-and-ears
in debt : he revels in every description of dissipation ; he has _complelSly swamped industry by themaintainance of an enormous army ; he has suppressed the expression of public opinion through the press or by public meeting ; and perhaps you are not aware that while the suppression of public meetings led to the overthrow of Louis Philippe , not a public meeting of a dozen persons would now he allowed to assemble in France . I spent a day in _Cahuswith your old and honest friend Thomas _Muepht , of Marylebone . He told me that that part of the town called the Low Town , was exclusively populated by from fifteen hundred to two thousand _Nottingham lace-makers . I told him that I should like to address them . He
laughed heartily , and said : — "Tou do not understand our Republic ; a body of police would _haveyou before you spoke three words /' Then as to Paris , it is wholly _deserted except by soldiers ; and mark the manner in which the Special Co _* _n * stabie Phesidest secures their loyalty . There is a great circus in Paris , capable of holding three or four times as many as Astley ' s . I went there one nig ht and saw it literally crammed with soldiers , all sitting together . There are fifteen compartments , that is , divisions with posts , nine of * these . , _* s _«« i . filled with soldiers , while in the
_oSrarsix"th " ere spr inEEng . _" _^ ' I asked the cause of it , and was told " that the Peesidexi billetted—or gave free admission , to a certain number of soldiers , to every theatre every night . " "But , " I asked 5 'if the manager admitted them free ? " My friend smiled , and said "No . " I asked " if the Pbesident paid ? " Ho smiled , arid said . "No ; the nation . " In a few nights after , I was waHcingpast the same theatre , and saw from two to three thousand soldiers walking towards it and going in . The streets are deserted ; the shops are empty ; gloom is upon every
countenance ; the interference of France in the Roman Republic is denounced by every man ; the Monarchists hope to restore Monarchy by making the Special Constable-President Emperor ; Ms vanity induces him to anticipate the result ; but during the days of Louis Philippe there never was greater tyranny practised , or greater dissatisfaction expressed . So much for the comparatively inexpressive transition from Monarchial to Republican government in France . And now read the following picture oftho probable result of the Hungarian insurrection , as drawn in the "Times" of Thursday : —
AU those conversant witli Hungarian matters foresaw that the difficulty would be , not so much * in subjecting Hungary as in legislating for her after the contest was over . That some decisive steps should immediately be taken is felt by all parties , but what they are to be " is a question more easily put than answered . For a " time Hungary will doubtless be subjected to military government , but how the " transition from , that to a natural state of things is to be effected will form the subject of most serious discussion in a series of Cabinet Councils which are about to be held . The deficiency of tlie last half-year amounts- thus to above 00 , 080 , 000 florins . It is expected tliat the present half-year will show a-still larger deficit , and that ofthe whole year is calculated at 150 , 000 , 000 florins . Tlus s _* j & adds ten per cent to the national debt
In truth , the real and legitimate anticipations of the brave Hungarians will vanish before the bloody and tyrannical power of the autocrat ; an army will be maintained not only to suppress natural discontent at the expense of the nation , but to place the nation in that humiliating position , which , like tho silence of Ireland , will be construed into national satisfaction ; whereas , if the money expended in the brutal shedding of human blood had been applied to its legitimate purposes _^ the bettering thc condition oftho people—Hungary would havo remained the right arm of Austria , instead of Austria becoming the crutch of Russia .
My friends , I have told you that in a weekly paper , a letter or an article cannot , as in a daily paper , be confined to one isolated subject—that it is in fact a kind of weekly review and let me now call your attention to a most enlivening fact—it is a " GREAT FACT "—that both the Duke of Buckingham and Disraeli have come out for UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE—and it is a startling fact—a curious fact—an almost irreconcilable fact , thatthe "Dispatch" newspaper is roused to madness hy the FACT . Mv friends , I have not only told you , but I have stated in the House of Commons , that if mn "hnd vour rights I would not care whether
the POPE , the DEVIL , or the _ritfc ,-TENDER was on the throne , because , if any attempted to violate that constitution _Sfaranteed those rights , the . p _ojj _ftrt created could destroy ; and so with regard to _SSversal Suffrage . I « _"y * jj _^ *» carried hy Buckingham and Disraeli , by £ 5 * 1 * Well , or by _Walmslet _, so long as Feargus O'Connor and bs Old Guards j . ao not care >> r of is carried ; and , as 1 otten wfJ _"">* _-, _* agitation and the misery of the 1 _^™ from , and is based upon the f _^ m _^ leaders , who will allow nothing to be done except hy THEMSELVES .
\ Fc Fbiesds, * Tfhile Other Journalists...
Ido not see > the ''¦ Hereford Journal "; often-Ibehevefewdc-butI remember , sometime ago the proceedings ofa meeting _hehigS hshed m that paper , over which a Right Reverend Father in God presided , and at which a practical farmer stated that _' he _™ _uM be afraid to 8 ay what could be m ade of an acre of ground by spade husbandly but that he would estimate it lowly at ¥ ' Wet _Suudavt" _^ ' * W * -if from last " 3 _j "D and taken from the Hereford Journal . " Here it is : — J £ S _^ J _^ _fS _^ r _?* hear «' ' _*« _tevesti-Choodof _IHtaSSte _to ' _™! n ?\ ' V 1 ttene _$ _astate of affairs _ttere anrt , H T _^ . _* J ° " _-S on . Tlie ofthe _™ tch _^ - _*» _*»*¦ _A" _^ er duceatonaiin _* ric _™ i , l _» * r ° _? the north , who werereuuceu to pauperism lastw-nter . havp . wa n _» -,, i , i _w , t _* . ni _.
_oftteffi 0 _~« _*^ - _* - _»* - _«««& some Mr ieav _^ _n _^ JJ he 00 _fl _^ _^ * _* _* - their room . _mr . _reargiuo Connor was at Sniff's Enc last wppIc we 5 « so _* _a o _^ out hi ; Mr _n-r-r _*? * _¥ P more , adistress has been no scbem ™ _/ _- _* i r ver _-F «< M < _"n - y departed . Altogether Zl _mSUlZ allcd "SP _**&* * _«^ . and there _LrtM _& _nZ _^ ° kn « _veo-inits rime niover . _rw _„ _wSltt a"ended to give an account ofhis steward _, ship before the non-eectors of Nottingham , and was " reelected" by acclamation , but such account can Tarcely have been perfect , inasmuch as he never _onrrLnS
tne Land schemes _t—Hereford Journal . Now here is my answer . I was not at Snig ' s End since the Conference . I cannot be at two places at the same time , like Sir Boyle Roach ' s bird . A very few—about six or seven out ofthe hundred and thirty—who did receive the Aid Money , and whose land was cultivated , and who paid rio rent , but hoped to sell the crops and walk off—were distrained by Mr . O'Connor ' s orders , not b y him in person ; and every man who purchases , and does not pay the Company ' s demands , shall be ousted ; and every man who doe 3 not pay his rent shall be ejected , and then the "Dispatch " will probabl y think that the affairs of the Company are placed in the hands of
HONEST TRUSTEES . My friends—look out ! there are breakers a-head ! and if the new reformers repudiate the co-operation of the Duke of Buckingham and Disraeli for the accomplishment of Universal Sufirage , then do you believe , as I shall believe , that they are not sincere in their professions , because , if they were , "MEASURES , NOT MEN , '' would bo then- object . I conclude with the following invitation from the Bromsgrove Estate , which will convince you of the value of the Land Plan , when industry is properly applied : — .
Honoured Sm , —At a full meeting -f the occupants last night , it was unanimously agreed to hvite , when on your intended tour , to make it in your w » y to pay us a visit . Should you comply , we shall fed ourselves greatly honoured , and , we trust , that you withe equally { -ratified bythe . inspection of our happy homes , and improvement upon the Land . On behalf of the otcupants , „ „ Hen-it Geein , Secretary . Great Dodford , Bromsgrove , September 11 th .
In reply , I have only to say , that I shall be most happy to accept the invitation . I should have added to my comment upon the " Hereford Journal "—or rather in leply to a fallacy that appeared in that paper , t & well as inthe "Sun" and other papers—that Idid treat of the Land Plan at Nottingham , although it was wholly apart from the subject upon which ' . the meeting was convenednamely , my dismissal or re-election .
I cannot conclude this Letter without putting you in possession of another " GREAT FACT . " There has been a meeting of the new Reform Association .. recentl y held at Greenwich ,-and to which , as representative of the borough , Admiral "Dun-das—one of tho Lords of the Aaion-aKy—was invited . His answer to the Secretary was an apology for his nonattendance , with the assurance that in the next Session a FRIGHTFUL reduction in both Army and " Navy * would _< take place , and a LARGE EXTENSION OF THE
SUFFRAGE WOULD BE GRANTED . Nb \ v , what think you of such" an announcement coming from _ofae of the Lords of the Admiralt y ? Afid . wh y ? ' - Because , if there was a General Election _Jp-jhorrow , the Pro-i tectiorists _woul _^ na _^ efj _^ _fepifendous and overwhelming majority , _as'wulwly- _tj _^ ' countieghi England , but nearly the whole , of _IitelajtSj would elect Protectionist- representatives ; arid Ministers ever base their policy upon expediency instead of principle ; and tho dread of
losing office has convinced Lord John _Russell that the time has arrived when prudent and timely NATIONAL , and not CLASS CONCESSIONS , must be made . So , hurrah for the Charter and the Land ! Happiness , contentment , peace , and prosperity to all ; and may the day arrive , and speedily , when the Press of the country will derive more profit from telling truth than telling lies of the people . Your Faithful and Uncompromising Friend , Feargus O'Connor .
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Snig's End. A Highly Important And Full ...
SNIG'S END . A highly important and full meeting ofthe allottees ofthe above estate was held in the School-room , on Friday evening , August 31 st , for the purpose of considering the best means of forwarding- the true interests ot * the Land Company , and those of the personscomposing the assembly . Mr . John Kinross in the chair . The _Chaibjias said , Messrs . Clark and Doyle would open the questions that were to be discussed , and he hoped each allottee would fearlessly and candidly give his opinion relative to them .
Mr . Dotle entered into tho present position of the Company ' s property upon this estate , and in the course of Ms address showed that many individuals took possession of allotments in open violation of its laws , and that the Directors were necessitated , in vindication of those laws , and fov the upholding of the interests ofthe members generally , with whose money had been purchased thepresent estate , to resort to such measures as would compel those individuals not only to restrict the laws but to comply with their spirit . Hc also impressed upon the allottees that they owed a duty—a solemn duty—to the Company—aud that duty consisted in assisting its officers to ' protect the property , for the safety of which they were held responsible .
Mr . Clark made a powerful and eloquent appeal to the meeting upon the right the Company had to claim their aid in securing , for tho future , a constant adhesion to the laws which wore stamped with the sanction ofthe vast majority of their members , through their representatives , in previous conferences . He also suggested the propriety of forming a committee to carry into effect the views of Mi' .-Doyle and himself , and likewise recommended they should hold frequent meetings , having for their object mutual instruction ; and they might , in time , form a library and reading class in the school , which would prove , mentally and morally , of much advantage to themselves and their offspring .
Messrs . M * Clei . a _}* d , Boswell , Ivinhoss , and Cullingham severally addressed the meeting in effective speeches in support of the preceding speakers . . The following resolutions were duly moved , seconded , and -passed unanimously : — " That this meeting repudiates the opinion enunciated very frequently by many persons , that it is not the intention of the allottees upon this estate , to pay rent for their allotments ; and that this meeting , composed as it is of nearly the whole of the allottees , not only discountenance such opinion or statement , as unfounded in truth , but in order to
prove its utter fallacy , solemnly declare their intention is to -gay the rent' due by them to the Company as soon sis possible , and which they know they are bound to do , by every principlo of honour , _hoiiesty , and common justice . " " That a committee often oi the allottees he appointed , with power , to add to their number , whoso duty it shall be to watch over the general interests of the Company , so- far as their property in this estate is concerned -, and when they trad that it is the intention of any allottee to sell the right to possession of his allotment , without communicat ing
Snig's End. A Highly Important And Full ...
with the Directors _upfoth < j subiect . wift _- - h _* well-founded reasonwor believing that at any allottee is about to leave his allotment , and not paid the rent due by him ( if any ) to the Company , they shall forthwith give notice" to the Directors , of such occurrence for : occurrences . They shall also endeavour to carry into effect with their brother alloie , es the principle , of co-operation , based upon mutual benefit for each and / . al _^ in a . word , they shall exert their best _energiesTib . prove the stability and practicability _^ ' the liana" Plan , as formed- by Mr . O ' Connor .- ' 7 &
" That this mejetiiig-highly approves of the recent steps taken byftlie Directors , in enforcing'the claims of the Company upon those nei-sons who have purchased the right of locationi / roni several ofthe original _aljotecs without complying with tho legitimate demands imposed h _^ _'Rsvrulos and regulations ; and that through the exertions of the committee , just appointed , such illegal and unjust proceedings shall in future be prevented . " A vote of thanks Svas then given to the chairman for his praiseworthy conduct during the evenings business , andthe meeting dispersed .
Ipswich . — At ; the usual weekly meeting of this branch , the _foUoiring resolutions were agreed to : " That in the _cviSfrof-4 . ho money not being forthcoming in time to complete the purchaso of the Mathon estate , that a sufficient amouijt bo drawn from the available capital of the National Land Company to effect that purpose . "
Mr, G. W. Wheeler And The Hull Land Memb...
MR , G . W . WHEELER AND THE HULL LAND MEMBERS . 10 THE * _EDII 0 R OP _lUE _NOUTHEltX STAR . Dear Sir , —May I beg the favour ofthe insertion of a few lines in reply to an article from Hull , respecting the case of myself versus . Pool . I should not have troubled the public with our dispute , but justice demands that their misrepresentations should not bo allowed to pass uncontradicted .. The following is a brief statement of the facts : — -In March , 184 S , I sold to Mr . Pool the _rieht to a location on four acres , drawn the November preceding . I have letters received from him , thanking me'for letting him have it ; even on tho 16 th of October ho still expressed his satisfaction , but asked mo to
make him a present of a coloured portrait of F . O'Connor , Esq ., which I did . Judge then , my surprise , in December , to be applied to to return the money . This was impossible ,-as I had spent that and £ 130 besides , in the purchase and improvement of my allotment at O' Connorville . So far from my refusing to come to any terms with him , I wrote seven letters to him , none of which ho thought proper to answer . I applied to Mr . O'Connor , who kindly wrote to him , and guaranteed that he should be located on Great Dodford , on tho 1 st of last June , but he had not even the courtesy to answer that . "Who was it then who would not come to terms ? . The day after the death of my mother he served mo with a writ , and in consequence of Mr , Chinery's advice , that judgment should go by default , so as not to prejudice the application for tho registration , the consequence to me was , tbat all my property , live and dead stock , and all my aged father ' s srooda warn sold . lA .--. Wno- mo ¦ _n- ' _H _. m . f * _ —0
0 , _....,,. M . _w IUUUVUU II penny , or a penny ' s worth bf anything . But even this did not satisfy the vindictive feelings of Mr . Pool , for proceeding on the plan of " ruin them by expenses , " he brought an action against my father for claiming his own things ; and just when he thought my harvest would be ready , took my body and sent me to gaol , where I may he for over , as I have nothing even to pay the court fees , let alone a lawyer . I sent a detailed account to the Conference , to prove _that those proceedings had cost me £ 53 7 s . Sd . lie has sold all my things , and I have had all my growing crop ' s seized , so that I have , no means at my disposal . These are tho facts , and let the Land members judge , whether if all this happened by following the advice of their solicitor , Mr . Roberts , and to forward tlie registration , I had noJ just ground fov seeking some compensation at their hands . Respectfully yours . ' G . W . _Wubblei _* . Hertford Gaol , September-10 th _*
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Bolton.—At •^•¦Mohthiy "Meeting Of-The L...
Bolton . —At _•^•¦ mohthiy " meeting of-the Land and Chartist members , on Sunday last , the following persons were elected officers and committee men * . — James Turner , Joha Ainswortli , Thomas Parkinson , -Thomas Brindle ,. James _Vlckers , Robert Moore , president ; Thomas Smith , librarian ; find Peter _. Skcrlton , secretary , to whom all communications arc to bo addressed to 3 , _Hotighton-strect , Bolton . . Bbthsal GBEBN . rrQn Sunday evening last , a meeting was held at the ; Weavpr ' s Arms , Pelhamstre ' et _> forthe pmpQSo of 'raising contributions for tho support of ; tne wives and . families of . tlie political victiins ..... Mr . ' . Cary was * , appointed to the chair .
Mr ; ,. Fidgo read the leading _articles from the _NqrMpi Star , which ¦ weT ' ffilstoned to with great atteiftibn . Mr . M'Grath delivered a short address , after-which a- collection was made in aid of the ' Victims Fund . It was then resolved that tbe meeting at its rising , ' should adjourn till Sunday evening next , at eight o ' clock , then to meet at tlio * "Whittingfcon and Cat , Church Row , to devise measures for the diffusion of democratic principles , and for raising the means of supporting the victims . A vote of thanks having been passed to the chairman the meeting accordingly adjourned . Cripplegate , 28 , Golden-lane .- _^ Tho members of
this locality have held nightly meetings sinco the death of J . Williams , in _Tothiil Fields Prison , for the purpose of arranging tho funeral , and getting up subscriptions for his widow and family . In this they have been assisted by delegates from the Bullet ' s Arms locality , the Tower Hamlets , and other places , and they request those branches in the Metropolis that havo not sent delegates to do so without delay . In consequence of the heavy expenses attending tho burial subscriptions will be received at 28 , Golden-lane ; the overplus will be paid to the wife and * family ofthe deceased , who are in needy circumstances .
To The Chartist Body. Friends,-*-Joseph ...
TO THE CHARTIST BODY . Friends ,- * -Joseph Williams , one of tho five persons , who was confined in the House of Correction Westminster , along with Ernest Jones , haB been released from his punishment and all tlie pains of this life by a fearful disease . He is dead , and horrible to relate , has left a wife and six children to mourn his loss . He ended his days in a prison , and in the companionship of convicted felons . No soothing words of filial love , or connubial affection , were permitted to smooth the writ of tho " convicted Chartist , " on his way to " that bourn from whence no traveller returnoth . " Sharp , another of the " convicted" ones , is at tbis moment lying on a bed of illness , from which , according to a report which has been furnished to us , he is never likely to rise .
You will see from the report of the coroner ' s inquest , that we lost no opportunity ofgotting at tlie real cause of the deatli of Williams ; two eminent professional men were employed by us to attend the inquest . This step was taken in order that tho government and the country might soe , that the poorest Chartist has his friends , and that his death is a matter of moment and regret . Poor Williams declared before his death , " that he was the victim of cold and starvation . He , along with Ernest Jones and Sharp , having recently undergone a punishment of solitary , confinement , upon no other diet than nineteen ounces of- bread , a pint of gruel , and water , daily , for six consecutive days . It was to this treatment that Williams attributed his death . *
Under theso circumstances , we felt it to be our imperative duty , to employ counsel to watch the proceedings at the inquest , and by so doing wo incurred a debt of £ 8 13 s ., which , of course , the Chartist body will willingly discharge . There is also another duty which we owe to our incarcerated friends , and that is to pour in from all parts of the country memorials , praying for an amnesty to all persons at present confined in England for political offences . Let the memorials be written in the most temperate language and , by all means , let care be taken not to employ a singlo word calculated to defeat the object ofthe memorials . Let them be addressed to the Home ( Secretary ; and , where possible , let thc signature of the Mayor , or any other local functionary , be attached . It is highly desirable that the signatures bf members of Parliament be procured , as in many cases they may .
It is the wish of the Committee that all money for the defraval of the legal expenses , be sent to Thomas Clark , at the Land Office , 144 , High Holborn , London . R . Side , B . _NaviJlt , , P . M'Grath , . J . _Arsott , J . Milne , W . Allnutt , T . Buowk , W . Dixon , W . Collins , T . Clabk , S . Boonham , Secretary .
Death Of Alexander Sharp, Another Victim...
DEATH OF ALEXANDER SHARP , ANOTHER VICTIM TO PRISON DJSCIPHNE .
TO THE CHARTISTS . My Friends , —It is my painful duty to aunounceto you that Mr . Sharp , another of the political prisoners , died last night at halfpast nine o ' clock . He , too , is a victim of tlio bread and cold water diet . A coroner ' s inquest is to , be held to-day , and , relying upon your support , it is the intontion to have legal gentlemen present . Thomas Clark . Saturday Morning . P . S . —Should the Inquest close to-day , it is the intention of the Committee to inter both martyrs in one grave to-morrow , when a subscription will be made for the widows .
Balance Sheet Of The National Victim Com...
BALANCE SHEET OF THE NATIONAL VICTIM COMMITTEE . From April 5 th , to July 27 th , 1849 . . HECEI _*> -CS . I _ECTBNDIIOW " . £ . s . d . £ s . i * . Cheltenham .. 0 15 0 j Mrs . Ernest Jones 3 0 0 _Bi-amhope .. 0 10 0 > — Fusseli .. 4 0 0 Torquay .. 0 3 0 — Sharp .. 3 C . 0 Stl ' anerasAssocia- —Williams .. 313 6 tion .. .. 0 10 0 — Pro-vten .. 3 0 G Coventry .. 2 16 —Ritchie .. -2 4 C Kidderminster 0 4 9 — Winspere .. 214 0 Wnlsal .. .. 0 3 7 — Conway .. 2 14 0 Sheffield .. 0 10 4 — Abell .. 3 0 0 Belper .. ' .. 0 10 0 —Cuffay .. 2 4 6 NationalBallot 20 0 0 — Bezer .. 3 13 C Green -rich and —Herbert .. 214 0 Deptford .. 0 3 6 — Gurney .. 3 C 0 Halifax .. .. 1 10 0 — Irons .. 4 0 0
Dudley .. 0 13 G — Shaw .. 4 8 0 Tiverton .. 0 9 0 — _Scaddin-- .. 3 0 0 Sheerness .. 0 a 9 —Brewster .. 3 0 0 Hall of Science , —Leach .. 4 0 0 City-road , .. 1 8 3 J —West .. .. 3 6 0 Whittington and -White .. 3 C 0 Cat .. .. 0 4 1 —Bankin .. 3 6 0 Mr . Greenslade 0 7 6 — DonoTan .. 4 0 0 Marvlebcrae .. 017 7 —M'Douall .. 3 4 0 Mr . Kydd .. 18 7 -Cooper- .. 2 li 0 Land Office .. 11 11 1 -Shell .. 2-10 South London — _Bi-yson .. 1 14 0 Hall .. .. 2 17 4 -Lacey .. 4 0 0 Lecture nail , Phil . -Young .. 2 4 6 _pot-street .. 13 6 —Jones .. 3 0 6 Crown and Anchor 110 0 — Pool .. 3 0 G Do . Hall Locality 1 1 G 10 J — Mullins .. 1 14 0 Glohe and Friends 2 1 G 3 — Smyth , _Brad-Hen-nit * Bedford- fowl .. .. 010 0 square .. 0 5 0 — Donaldson .. 0 3 0 Finsbury , a few Mr . Ahell , for
Friends .. 0 3 G flannel .. 0 5 0 Westminster .. 0 13 5 ManchesterCom-Ernest Jones mittee .. 210 0 Locality .. 2 7 6 J Secretary ' s Salary Cripplegate Locality , ( 17 weeks ) .. 2 2 G 2 *" , Golden-lane 3 10 G Stationary , Orders , Mr . Rider .. 39 2 7 |> and Postag * 018 7 Small sums .. 1 17 6 Balance in hand 0 11 0 Totness ., 012 0 £ 10 i \ ld _ l £ 103 19 1 Audited , and found correct . Edmund Stall _* , yood , \ . Via s Jons _M'VEicn , JAu _uitois . John Milne , Treasurer . John Arsoii , Secretary .
The Nationalvtctlm Committee To The Char...
THE NATIONALVtCTlM COMMITTEE TO THE CHARTIST PUBLIC . Brother and -Sister Democrats , - In presenting the above Balance Sheet ( which has been unavoidably delayed ) wo return our grateful and heartfelt _thanlcs to those who have supported tho wives aud families of the Victims to the villainous Whig spy system . ' '
Being fully aware of the pecuniary circumstji _}* a _^ e 3 _jn"wli _^ !* _ffie _* ntf _** Wd ' tis- _^ * _* y _$ _^ r _««*^ i fclJ _^^ now e _* sistin * gf it is with ' extr _&* mV" regret that the state of the funds compel -us again to appeal to you—we trust for the last timefor renewed energy in the cause of _siXffeviug humanity , Our liabilities , at the paltry Sum of three shillings to the wives ; and sixpence to each
child under twelve years of . age , amount to about Six Pounds Ten Shillings per week ; but duringth ' e . last . 'five _ij-eeks half the required sum has not been , received , indeed , on Friday last , one shilling to those witho . ut , ; and one shilling and sixpence to those , with _faniiijes ,. ( offive or six children ) , was all . that could * bo given to subsist on for seven days . Besides the usual recipients , we have had most urgent appeals from Bradford , and elsewhere , that wo should have been most happy to attend to and relievo , hut have not been able for want of funds .
Wc aslc , is not this a most disgraceful position for us , as a groat and influential body , to be placed in—to see those who have nobly struggled for ouv freedom doomed to starvation in cold , gloomy , and horrible dungeons ; [ See the evidence in the caso of poor "Williams . ] and for them to have the sickening heart-burning thought that we allow the wives of their bosoms and their beloved offspring almost to starve , when we ct 7 H , if we will , prevent it ? We call on ' you to wipe oft * this disgrace , and by your responso prove your sincerity . All letters to be addressed to Samuel Boonham , 144 , High Holborn ; and Post-office orders mado payable to him atthe Bloomsbury Tost-office .
Signed oil behalf of the Committee , John Ar _* . _xoTT , Sec , pro . tern 144 , High Holborn , 11 th Sept .
The Chartist Oeators. To Mil. Uonoait'e,...
THE CHARTIST OEATORS . to Mil . uonoAit'e , Sir , —I believe that the astounding assertion you mado at thc commencement of your lecture last Sunday night , in tlio Hall of Science , City-road , on your subject of " paid orators , " "that several Chartists * , Ycro in tho pay of tho Tories , to oppose the Corn-law league in their meetings , " has no foundation for truth , and is entirely unworthy of your general good sense as a public teacher . Surely wo do not stand in need of slanderers and vituperators in our own camp of our conduct . Trusting j to your goodness of heart , I wait impatiently for the proof requisite to establish your extraordinary j and uncalled-i' or assertion through this channel , And remain yours faithfully , Dato Cater . P . S . —I wished the same night , at the conclusion of your lecture , to ask you for the requisite proof of your assertion , but was prevented fulfilling tbat duty by tlie hurried dismissal of thc audience by the fiddle-string scrapers . D . C .
. . Another Shoemakers' Show. Wo Underst...
. . _ANOTHER SHOEMAKERS' SHOW . Wo understand that on Monday and Tuesday next tho London Shoemakers intend—as tho phrase now is in higher places—to have another exposition of art , —of their art , —in tho shape of somo ancient and modern boots and shoes . One of thc " antiques " which is to bo scon on thc occasion , beinn * no less a curiosity than a full finished top-boot of the early time of the reign of Elizabeth ; ox-patont vamped dress boots , of tha lightest description , and most modern fashion—tho closor , Mr . Hugh Daly , and the maker , Mr . Daniel Beving , -will make part ofthe exhibition ; as , also , a richly wrought button _bootleg , by Mr . James Saunders , and tie
still-somuch talkod about prize tongue of Mr . Devlin , wliich being closed about twenty-five years ago , will now be rc-exhibited for the satisfaction of those who have not had an opportunity of seeing it before . This " Show" will como off in the near neighbourhood of our own office , at . Mr , Frost's , corner of Ham Yard , Windmill-street ; the charge for admission its it is stated in thc bills , being " but Bixpenco" while tho proceeds are to be appropriated to a " Bonovolent purpose . " The communication of Mr . M- Veigh in our last number , is evidence of the shoemaker generosity in the way it resounds' to such calls , and so , in the present instance , wo doubt not but tbe result will _proye equally satisfactory _.
' ¦:' To The Editor Op The North ' Er!* ...
' ¦ : ' TO THE EDITOR OP THE NORTH ' ER !* 8 _Ti _* R , _Sra , ~ It ; is but a few weeks since tho impos--sibility was _attempted to bii shown ofthe two com . ' , n "f s _wn _^ _iaE _# _m' _^ _--by-tho government to visit ' _^ _WffPWfW 8 _fa'the country under . a _pfeod of se- $ i _^ _yjto ; : * _yrj-fc _object of . thw demonstration of _su-3 _&* m _^ pectots _"; 5 so _tbitt'pi-- lives' of . M . _= iaao * _fs might Rot _be : ; _cai'elesslyLex | i 6 sca ' to- ' s _^ ' _^ _A _mineuS - _dangerr - _^ j _^ ta _y _^ to h _^ frrfa _^ _™ P < - _# _ra _^ he _^ ewe _* r * S _:- _' of _Korthuraherlarid _- ' ana _Diirh- _^ foyci , _^ ; _ins _* n- | - RHhft _*< ni _" - _ta _^^^
solves rchevefl . _n' 0 ifl _^ consequent upon an anticipated visit- ' froni _stftttinspectors . ' .. _*; , ' At a mooting of viewers recentlv held in . the * vt _-v * ¦ ' Il 00 m _- _*** _Newcastle ; at which Professor lhitips attended as the government commissioner tor this district ; Mr .. "W . * ird in tho _obairi-Tiewers present _' -Mr . Armstrong , jun ., _JohnRobstm _, Thoso _& _% i , i _^ ln _^ - ElHot _^ _Edwa-txl Bovd , Thos . Taylor , William Clark , J . . _Joiopy J : E , Huuter JohnTayor _John-Easton _. _^ _WmpUiitCT , Wm _Rarkus T . J . Taylor , E _^ _w _^ ttr _, J . J 0 l _. n , „ , M . H . _Robson , Richard Bookless ,, Thomas Crawford , jun ., Thomas Hall ;— ¦ The following resolution was unanimously agreed to . Proposed by T . J . Taylor , seconded by Thos . ioster : — " That though great precautions are used to prevent accidents , and though tho collieries in Durham and Northumberland are well-known to ho
conducted on approved principles , especially as regard ventilation " , yet this meeting is of opinion that Professor Philips _, uudev the explained circumstances of his appointment , ought to bo furnished with ample facilities for carrying out his proposed inspection of the Durham and _Northumberland collieries ; and this meeting accordingl y pledge themselves , as well collectively as individually , to recommend to their employers to assist in furthering the objects ofthe commissioner , and in communicating to the professor such information as ma *; be required by him with a view to the desirable object of diminishing the number of accidents occurring in mines , so far as tlio same is capable ol _bcinw effected consistently with tho nature of tho miners employment . That in _furtherance of the views of P . Philips as explained tothe meeting , the selected collieries are submitted for inspection —*
1 st . Collieries containing _Piro Damp . Wear District . —Hetton , Haswell , Murton . Tyne District . —Tyne Main , _Willington Bigges Pit , nebburn , Wallsend , Furnace Ventilation . Tyned ; Wear District . —Scaton Deleval , Belmont , ventilated by steam jot . 2 nd . Collieries containing Carbonic Acid Gas . Tyne District . _—Mickley and East Holywell , Hartlepool District , —llcougli Hall ami Thornlev , Tees District . —Black Boy a nd FAdon . Medomley District .--Marloy Hill , Shield Row , and Derwcnt Main . P . Philips having then arranged certain days for the inspection oftho -first-named collieries , tho thanks of the meeting were voted to him , and after
a vote oi thanks to the Chairman , the meeting was brought to a close . Tho number of collieries in this district is about 1 'iO , and many of them have t _* wo , and somo three pits to each colliery , so that there will not bo far short of 300 pits in these two counties . Sow , on the principle propounded by the viewers , that tho inspection of one colliery shall afford a fair criterion ofthe state ofthe ventilation in a locality comprising , say eight collieries , lor tbat is tho proportion which tlio _arrangements mado will allow , tliere being eighteen collieries selected for inspection , and 110 being the number of the collieries . Upon this pi inciple it will he quite unnecessary for thc inspectors to visit more than one pit in a colliery , there being jiist as fair grounds for concluding that that
pit will bo a fair sample of the sack in respect to the other two or threo pits in thc colliery ; or that thc colliery should bo expect d to afford a ti uo index of the ventilation of tho several other collieries in the immediate locality . Hence wc may conclude , that only eighteen pits are likely to be inspected out of 300 and upwards in the district . It is truly lamentable that the health and lives of this industrious class of men should be made the sport of such pigmy arrangements—such despicable : _> d measurod humanity . Tlio last session ofParRiment passed an enactment called the " Passengers Act , " which sets forth in one of its clauses , the following provision — Clause XVI . —Light and Ventilation .
And bc it enactci ! _, that for the purposo of ensuring a proper supply of light and ah * in every " Passenger ' s Ship , " thc passengers shall at all times during the voyage , ( weather pennitfing , ) havo free access to and from the between decks by thc hole of each hatchway , situate over he" space appropriated to the use of sueh passengers ; provided nlivays that if the _m-i ' _ii hatchway be not nlways ono of those hatchways appropriate- ! to tlie use of passengers , or if the natural supply _oi'i'ghtand air through the same be in any liiahnei * unduly impeded , it sliall he lawful tor the emigration officer nt tlie port ofcIe _»** nnce , - to rtir # ct L _---aeh-, _ctl ) O i ' . p * _wtofr _^^ _totha-bet . veendcclwasthe circumstance ! of the case ' may in _ti-Ie j _* iQgn \ erit of . 6 jich officer appear _toiegi ' iire _, and ia case of non-compliance with any such direcHoh / the owner
sliall he liable to a penalty not exceeding * £ 50 ; nor leas torn £ _-2 D . Supposing fifty passenger ships ready to sai \ from Liverpool , and that the emigration office- ; called together tho captains of each ship , or vice versa ; and having arranged with them that ho should only visit fivo vessels , and leave them to point out thc particular ones , ho naming , or fixing tho dates of such examination , and be prepared to certify that the whole Hoot would be in the same state and condition as those ho had examined , would there not he somo noise about it ? Or should tho inspector of railways have the audacity ! to signify tuat several lines wero perfect , while ho had but examined a particular one , the Press would teem with censuro and roprehension at the conduct oftho
officer , and call loudly for his dismissal . Alas ! tho poor miner cannot have acts of Parliament to provide light and air , nor a commissioner to examine his place of work before he descends tho dreary mine . And although a daily sacrifice is made upon * tho altar of neglect while coroners inquests proclaim their verdicts of " Accidental death . "—while our friends Duncombe and others , make attempt after attempt , to induce the legislature to afford a liko protection to the miner , yet is the minister deaf to entreaty , to persuasion , and the dictates of humanity—specially pleading thc necessity of more investigation—more experience . And that in despite of a sacrifice of nearly four hundred lives during the first six months ofthe year 1 _S-19 _, and sinco tho
closo of parliament fifty moro at Aberdare in Wiles , twelve in Staffordshire , and nine at _TYisliaw hi Scotland , with several individual cases of loss of life in these two counties . Yet they crave more time and more experience , while the very channel for affording this necessary knowledge is curtailed ; by tuo arrangements come to by the viewers , whose only object is to prevent a general inspection of tlieir collieries . There must be something rotteji in the " state of Denmark , " when so many oftho chief officers could be gathered together , and ia so snug a way , that nothing was known of it until all was over . "Why were not thc parties present who may bo set down as plaintiffs' m tlio case ? The miners lmo been appealing to tho government—have been
petitioning tlie legislature—urging the want of proper care and . management on " the part , of tho viewers , and , after a lengthened period , they are assured that their case shall be investigated . Commissioners are appointed and sent down to the very spot- —a court is opened , and no one allowed to bo present but the commissioners and the defendants , two of thc principal of whom make an oration characteristic ol _thc-h * assiduous attention to these matters—of their great zeal to provide the complainiug parties with all that science and . art can _: dduco as remedies—and that they are at all times desirous of the fullest investigation—and giving a proof of their sincerity by selecting eighteen pits , or collieries for inspection ' , out of one hundred and
forty which are in tlie district , and concluding with a resolution , that they will urge upon their emp loyers the necessity of affording every facility for _investit-ation . But why , I _again-ask , were not the p laintiffs' tliere also ? surely " they were entitled to liave been present . And it ' would havo redounded much to the honour of the commissioners had some parties been allowed to appear in tho meeting on behalf of the miners who had , most assuvcdly , a great interest at ' _stalic , their very lives depending upon the issue , nnd the comfort or misery of their wives and families , being all bound up in that great question . Verily they . must look out ; they must see quito plain that thc wealth of tho employer can command the judge on thc bench , and by procuring an interview with the very parties whose , conduct is arraigned , and asking a ' dvice and counsel from those who arc implicated , thus affording them every ~
opportunity of exonerating thcniselvesto the great prejudice ofthe cause , on the issue of which , as before stated ,-depends tho health nnd lives of many thousands of ouv fellow creatures . It is to bc expected that thc miners of theso two counties will exert themselves to counteract . the certain tendency of this arrangement on tho part of the viewers , by steadily going to work , and procuring details of the state of ventilation in each colliery , and , indeed , in each pit ; for are we not well aware that ' the present system ( extolled as it is by its ' authors ) engenders anything but uniformity : that in particular p its , the greatest possible difference prevails ? and are we not aware also , that the inspector : will go with the viewer , and the viewer will take , him to the best pits , and also to the best part of . the pit '*? Ilcncc _, Ictus be up , aud prepare ouv defince , for the cards are now turned , aad if wo sleep our doom is sealed . Yours , A'c . M _, 'Jude .
"When A Person Wishes To Salute Another ...
"When a person wishes to salute another in Thibet he uncovers his head , puts out his tongue , aud scratches his right ear .
.K ¦ L ¦¦¦' .• ¦ •::*¦ « ¦¦ .:.. V( L ¦ ...
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 15, 1849, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_15091849/page/1/
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