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S LETTERS -^SSSg JA 1849., THE NORTHERN ...
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LETTERS WX) TO THE WOJtKING CLASSES. LXX...
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THE mTEBSA i DraI0 Institution on ber 31...
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CHARTIS T CONFERENCE. c, Th «fi e S gate...
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the late' ~ friends of months im-- : - h...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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S Letters -^Sssg Ja 1849., The Northern ...
-S _^ _SSSg _JA 1849 ., THE NORTHERN STAR L-• _^ ¦¦ __ .. ' ' i — _^ _m ¦ _! _¦ ¦ - I _^ I _^ _MMT—^ - — _M _^ _MfMr _^ _" _-- _** _Miafc : _MIIMMIIMtfW _^ _^ 2
Letters Wx) To The Wojtking Classes. Lxx...
LETTERS WX ) TO THE WOJtKING CLASSES . LXX "" r ° « " r _^ "W _?* anda SmaU *« P of ink Fall Falhug-iacedew-upon . a thought , _Produces Ihat _^ _nSS _* * akeS thoasand _^ _Peito _^^ _MUious _, 1 t _^ _^ xsaox _. T . _X"PTtPT >« S -
)} HA _3 HARTIST _BE-ORGAJJISATION . IROTBROTHER _PUOLEIARIANS , T The influence of Chartism , and yonr rre fore for liberty , wfll speedil y be tested by the _rmioivisional Committee just appointed to _inuuratairate the new plan of Chartist Orjranicon . on . ° The ] _'he past few years have witnessed many _asmpfcmpts to organise the working classes for act achievement of their political emanci pau , au , aud as many failures . It is to be honed la all l tt
a . _*_ _ j . j . * _ r _** tt tht the attempt now commencing will meet fch a -h a very different result That , m a great _aasnrasnre , depends on the manner m . which the e eadeeaders " shall perform their part in seeking > _Knlarolar support . it is * is imagined by some persons , that the : xmpdng policy applied to the bourgeoisie , wiU _cag ag the Charter " troops of friends" from rai ranks of those who , ou thc 10 th of April _layeayed then- " physical force" against that _tasunsure ; and who subsequentl y , in the iuryii _, wl _, wreaked their vengeance on the
_unfortuya ws men whose offence consisted in seeking ss O Charter . The said " policy " mayhave ( eadead y made a few converts , and may make a ; r nr more . Bnt it may be doubted that that _i _lolioolicy " will be egually effectual as regards _s i wc working classes . To win one of the shop' _acyacy , yon must " speak him fair and stroke in < n canny . " You must tell him that " the ; _iplople—notwithstanding any reports to the ilralrary—are really very moderate ; willing
go go with moderate reformers as far as they v to , and thankful for any ' modicum' of help eir eir respectable friends may be pleased to _tbrcord ; that the Reduction of Taxes , Separa-> n » n of Church and State , and Abolition of apkp ital 1 ' _auishmsuts , will be the grand fruits f Parliamentary Reform . " Should foreign _tlihlities he touched upou , the converting apostle ayay go the length of declaring " the United tattates Confederation a model tor all nations , id id _Lamakxixe the beau ideal of a
_revolu-Mitniary statesman . " It will he as well to add , latat " although the English working classes avave their faults , thank God , they have - > iJ > ihhig in common with those madmen—thc _teded Republicans of France , aud the _Socialistdemocrats of Germany . " I But the question arises , whether this ' _tf singing-small" method of conducting the JKhartist 3 forementwillbeas efficacious with
hdie masses . It may he strongly doubted that _bdie enthusiasm of the people will ever again ie _» e excited for Parliamentary Reform as it _Was in 1831-32 , or as for tie Charter iu 1839 , ranless they have previously a clear idea ofthe oiocial ameliorations they are likely to obtain > yy moderate , or ultra reform of Parliament . M _* 0 tell them , that through the extension ( more > r » r less ) of the suffrage , they will he ahle to ibhtaui a reduction of Ten "Millions of
Taxes—; the banishment of the lords spiritual from the House of Peers—and the privilege of conserving tithe precious existence ofa Mama _Manxekj — ias hardly likely to so far call up their _enthusiasm as to excite them to energetic action in BBupporiofany scheme of reform which pronruses such results . Be it rememhered too , tthat there cannot he one set of arguments addressed t © the middle-classes , and a set widely different addressed to the workers . If She all-important questions connected with tver table Social Iteform , are ignored in the one icase , they must also be in the other . It will be found impossible to serve two masters , or that which is the same thins—to advocate two
distinct systems , with any permanent advantage to those who might happen for a moment to forget that in politics as in private affairs , in the long ruu , " honesty is the best policy . " It may be said that the working classes have _already _» iven their enthusiastic adhesion to the policy of "Conciliation" and "Union with the Middle Classes . " " Bear witness , " it may be added , " the great meeting at Drury-lane , and the large meetings at Aberdeen and many other places . " _TChe attendance , and conciliatory conduct of a _considerable number of the Chartist body at those
meetings is admitted . The announcement that Mr . O'Coxxor intended to speak at the Drury-lane meeting sufficed , as a matter of course , to attract a large number of Chartists . But let not thc "Reformers" aud their friends "lay the flattering auction to their souls" that their movement has at . all penetrated the ranks of the working classes ; always excepting that ever-active section ofthe Chartists , tiie men who , undiscouraged hy pist disappointments , are constantly ou the watch for any uay sign in the political horizon . The " lieformers" hare held great meetings , but with what _results ? To say nothing- of the ( by no means contemptible number of ) Chartists who have no faith , and put no trust in the Moderate Reformers ; let
tbe non-political masses he questioned , and it will "be soon found how little they care for , or think of the " little Charter . " I venture to assert , that the letters ofthe anonymous " commissioners' * of the Morning Chronicle on the Social Condition of the "Working Classes , hare created reflection and excitement amongst the veritable people , a thousand-fold more than has yet heeu caused hy tte _^ seU-tvuvtt peted agitation of Sir Joshua Walmsley . and his friends . Chartist " leaders" may , from this fact , learn an important lesson , that , whether they attract or re pel the middle classes , tbey can hope to win the masses only by taking up social questions , and showing tbat veritable social reform—not any mere pottering and peddling with taxation—would follow thobtainmeiit ofthe Charter .
e There is another point should not be lost sight of , the desirability of bringing into thc Chartist movement new men possessing influence with sections of the people who , hitherto , havebeen impervious to Chartist appeals . I do not mean " respectable , " " right honourable , "and " noble"leaders , although Ishould be very glad to see them if ihey came on acceptable terms . I mean the leaders ot the trades , « in mon of weteht and siauding in the ranks of not
fcduarV It is to be regretted that steps were _Seiuo _- includea number of trades _ddegag or persons by their position representing the trades , in the Metropolitan Conference . . J , ° f _''^ J found , tliree months hence , p _osabte tofindattest one or two such men to sit on the _Cbartiat _isecu tire . Italic it for granted , that there is no _leaainj Chartist but would he glad to take _thejost oi private for that of captain , if impressed with the Sction that the place he _, heretofore occupied couldI be filled by another with advantage to our
common cause . Of course it wonld be—as it always is—necessary to guard against counterfeits . Ihe peop le of this ud every other country , have been too often cursed with thc leadership of speculators in politics , and traffickers in popular credulity ; and , unhappily , the race of political impostors is not yet extinct . I have much p leasure in calling attention to a letter from Mr . S _. Ktbd in this number of tbe Star . It will be seen , that Mr . _Kron proposes to devote his time and labour , two or three evening s each week , for the next two or three months , to t he good _tunrt nf _meetins and conferring with the ill-paid 1 -- - — " 1 /> ollinirs
_id unemployed of tbe s _^^ _^ _^ in tins metropolis , for tne p _«^ - their own acthe lips _rfto _^ _J _SK"" * _** count ofthe causes of their socm utc _^ . _^ _^ own view of the _measuresneces _. ary J . _^ cause a radical amelioration _<* « _J B This « _iimiXBei _iw _^^ . _^^^ to the in , if carried out , forma _^ aluab _^ eq ioneis > , _ labours of the _^ 1 ? co _\ ce _£ ed . least so far as London »«« _S _^ he working men M Mr . Etjn > r mr _^ _tueetmg them , should afford him opportumtws oi _^ * Asth Chronicle ' s _corespondent _comme _^ _^ fields , and as the _weaver of _^ natu _^ _g _^ _gg _sassks _sfts good wishes of v _& $ f . DV PEUP _^ _- December 13 th , lSi 9- _p
The Mtebsa I Drai0 Institution On Ber 31...
THE _mTEBSA DraI 0 _Institution ber 31 st
Chartis T Conference. C, Th «Fi E S Gate...
CHARTIS T _CONFERENCE . _c _, Th _S gate , _i ( a Us _fc 7 _f " _^ hom appeared in the 2 _f _mS _^ _HT Inbled in the S P _^ ™* « f the _TVheat Sheaf Tavern , Hand-court , HighHolb 0 ™ ' ° ? _Monday , evening , December 10 th . * M _^ B _ATfL ° 0 Ck ' on t _° e motion of Messrs . M Gratu and TJime _, Mr . James Grassby was unanimousl y called to the chair . Y v _2 ? _% _? _n , \ Messrs - _Bnaaiw and Anson , Messrs . 1 . dark and Samuel Boonham were appointed joint secretaries . w «« _u _^ a _^ _V- " * tru 3 ted that each delegate _iMWln feel that they had assembledfor the despatch or business _^ and that all their speeches would he precise . Tbe roll having been called , and the several delegates having answered to their names , on the motion of Messrs . Clark and Siaixwood , it I was resolved that the sittings commence at eight o clock precisel y each evening , and close at half-past _^• - _'
Mr . T . Clabk moved that no delegate should occupy more than five minutes in _speaking to a motion , and only to speak once on each question , except the mover , wjo should be allowed ten minutes to open the question , and five minutes to reply . Sir . Anson seconded the motion , which , after a few words from Messrs . Besilt , Uitiso , _O'Cosxon , Beowx , Habsey , and the Chairman , was adopted unanimously . On tbe motion of Messrs . _Clabk and _Aiixvir it was resolved , " That all motions , notices of motion , or amendments , shall be handed to the Chairman in writing . " The SECnETAEt then read a letter from the Manchester Chartists , signed by Mr . Jackson , _delegating Mr . C . Doyle to act on their behalf . M - 0 . Doyle took his seat at tho table accordingly . —A
letter was read from the Chartists of Todmorden , signed by Mr . Perth , which stated that they _^ vere determined to support the movement—Also a letter from "Halifax , sighed hy "Webber , recommending a union of sentiment and action between the democrats of England and Ireland—a movement by petition or memorial to restore the Chartist prisoners and the expatriated victims to their homes and families—and the establishing a firm union of tbe people to cause the Charter to become the taw ofthe land . —A letter was also read from _Xewcostleupon-Tyne , signed J . Hudson , recommending tho distribution of Chartist tracts , and tbe sending out efficient lecturers or missionaries , and requesting that Mr . G . W . M . Reynolds might be sent to tbat district .
Mr . G . "R " . M . _Retxoujs _, on behalf of the Pl'O visional Committee , then read the following pro gramme for tbe discussion ofthe Conference : —
_CONSTITUTION OF THE NATIONAL CHARTER UNION AND RE-ORGANISATION OF THE CHARTIST MOVEMENT . 1 . —The object of those persons who signify their adhesion to the principles and _phros set forth in this document , is to institute a . fcgal , peaceful , and constitutional agitation on behalf of the _1 _'coiile ' s Charter . 2 . —Tlie persons thus uniting their opinions and their moral energies , denominate themselves collectively 'The Natiosm . _Chabtee _TJsiox . " S . —This Association consists of all individuals who take ont cards of membership and subscribe to the fond of the Society . 4 . —The principles to be promulgated by the Association arc those contained in the documents known as tbe People ' s Charter , and which may be thus summed up : —1 . Universal Suffrage ; 2 . Vote by Ballot ; <> . Annual Parliaments ; i . Equal Electoral Districts No Property Qualification ; C . l ' aid Hepreseuiatives . 5 . —The Association is governed by a president , a vice-president , a council , and an executive committee , with a secretary and treasurer _.
e . —Tlie president presides at the council-board , or in his absence , tlie viee-president . 7 . —The council consists of thirty-seven members . 8 . —The president , vice-president , and members of the council are elected annually , and arc all unpaid . 9 . —Tlie executive committee consists of eight members fire receiving salaries for their services , and three unpaid . The three unpaid members are the president , viee-president , and treasurer ,-who are members hy virtue of their oiiices . Tiie five paid members are appointed by the council , but not for any specific term ; they retain office in a niinistei . ' alcapacity so long as they enjoy the confidence of tlie council . 10 . —The council appoints the treasurer . IL—The executive comnuttee appoints the secretary , Who receives a salaiy for his services .
12 . —The treasurer is _uupaid , as well as the president , vice-president , and members of the council . The salaries oftlic executive committee and secretary are regulated hy tlie council . In other respects the executive committee constitutes the financial as well as the administrative committee . 13 . —All members of tlie association ate entitled to votes ( personally , and not hy proxy ) for the president , vice-president , and council . 14 A card of membership is granted for one year npon payment ofone shilling ; for six montlis upon payment of sixpence ; for three months upon payment of threepence ; aud for one month on payment of one penny . 15 . —As any individual who fails to maintain his payments , ceases to be a member ofthe association , he cannot vote unless his arrears he previously raid np-16 . —The mode of propagating the principles Of the Association shall be by public meetings , hy tlie circula tion of tracts , hy the aid of lecturers , and by other legal means whieh the council may think fit to adopt
17 . —At the public meeting called by , and at the instance of , this Association , the most perfect freedom of speech is recognised ; save and except with regard _tolangauge calculated to cause a breach oi the peace or otherwise violate the laws . IS . —F or the . purpose of tract distribution , the metropolis must be divided into districts , and local systems of district visitation must be established . This plan of district visita tion will likewise he rendered available for the financial interests ofthe association . IS . —Lecturers will be appointed by tlie executive committee , with the concurrence of the council , due regard being had to the character as well as the capacity of tlie agents thus selected . 20 . — The A _' _jmo . _vaz . _Chabieb Vsios has been founded and exists independently of all other institutions whatsoever , whether political , social , or territorial ; and it is hoped tliat itmay becomearallying-poiutfor all democratic sections and popular interests ,
21 . —An ofliee will ie taken to serve as the head-quarters of the association ; and this association will be devoted solely to the business of the institution .
RESOLUTIONS . i . —Thateither thepresent provisional committee be coniinuril ' jii office , or a neiv one appointed , to take measures for the election ofthe council ; and that such election do take place within six weeks irom the present time . 2 . —That the council shall assemble within ten days from the date of its election , and at once proceed to tlie choice of an executive committee and mate the necessary arrangements for the _elecdon of the president and vice-president 3—That an address he issued hy this Conference to the nation , promulgating the new Constitution of tiie Natiokai . Cu-iETEii Umo . v , aud invoking the moral adhesion as well is the pecuniary assistance of those who are favourable to democratic _pnigress . i . —That the National Ciubter Union is established to aid and assist , not to obstruct or mar , the endeavours of all societies whose objects arc to obtain the reformation of all or any abuses in the institutions of the country .
3 Ir . Heysolds said tbe Provisional Committee had devoted several nights to the consideration of this document . It must be remembered that Chartism , as a corporate body , was dead—the spirit only existed , and this was an attempt to resuscitate that , glorious body . ( Dear , hear . ) The election of thc several officers would necessarily create excitement , and do the work , in diffusing the principles of Chartism , of many lecturers . ( Sear , hear . ) lVhen the discussion arrived at that point relative to xncinlers" contributions—monthly , half-yearly , or annual—lie would advise the appointment of a select committee , to take that portion of tho programme into consideration , us lie thought he could show the means of making this uot ouly thovoughls practical but profitable . Such was the programme for their consideration , and whatever the Conference might do with it , he at least thought it wonld give the Provisional Committee credit for the getting it up and submitting it for the consideration of that Conference . ( Loud cheers . )
Mr . _Stauajood moved , " That in deference to the Provisional Committee , as well as to save the time ofthe Conference , each clause should stand as ' moved' and ' seconded , " when read by the Chair-Mr . Bnovrx seconded the motion . Carried unanimously . The first clause was then adopted _ncai . con . On the reading of the second clause , Mr . UrriSG asked , was there now a National Charier Union in existence ? and was answered in thc negative . Mr . Bbsilx said he belonged to the _"National Charter _^ Assomtion , and -wonld look upon it as treason to alter the name . Mr . O _' Coxxor said vast numbers of persons had pledged their clothes and other necessaries to get to J 3 _ii-m " n « 'ham to defend the name , and many had been persecuted and prosecuted under that name . The title was more euphonious , and for these
reasons he was for retaining it . Mr . UmxG moTed , " That the title be ' The _National Charter Association . '" Mr . Lee seconded the amendment . _ Mr . BEXiiEr also expressed his concurrence in it . Mr . Davis agreed roth the proposition , because he thought as there were so many parties now adopting the word "Assoeiation , " it would be better for them to distinguish their society from others of a similar nature . It appeared to him that they -would gain many new converts to the cause , if they changed the name—and those converts would be composed of parties who had hitherto tnem account oi
Kept alooi irom on mu name mc ; had borne , ( Hear . ) Mr . Clark thought an alteration of name at the present time extremely practicable , as the Association was undergoing an entirely new construction , in fact , the Charter Union ofthe future was not to be the Chartist Association of the past , but , being _hn « pd uDon a different foundation , would be inconsistent witb itself if they did not alter tbe name . _^ _* _rf' Towvsesd rose to support the clause as it » V ITp " did so , because tbe old association had _Ascertain things which he need not then mention , _ff _Sni _wal confident , did not meet with the ! S _^ SJ a «« rt _»^ 8 « ri S- _^ r ' ould _sympatny u moveroentunder tbe old name . n 0 i _£ _S _™ opposed ihe spirit of the clause _JiJSSSa 5 « . to retain the name at all
Chartis T Conference. C, Th «Fi E S Gate...
hazards ; and he thought few of the delegates would H ' ic to go back to their constituents , and tell them they had changed the name ofthe Association , because tbey were ashamed of what had been done in 1848 . ( Hear , hear . ) While lie deplored tbe fate of the unfortunate men who became the victims of their own zeal and devotedness to the cause , yet he was proud to say he gloried in the principles which actuated them ic their everyaction . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Bnowx opposed the clause . If he voted for it , he should be ashamed to meet tho poor men who were now suffering for their advocacy of Chartism under the old name , when their time should expire . Mr . Milxe opposed the clause . Mr . Retxolds thought some of tho delegates
were labouring- under a delusion in thinking that by changing the name they would destroy tlie old Association , as thev mercy wanted to consolidate all parties under one general term— " Union . " As to tho insinuation which had been thrown out _respecting their altering the name of the Association with a view of truckling to the middle classes , ho disclaimed any such imputation ; and declared the sole object ofthe Provincial Committee in drawing up the " Constitution" lie had read , was to rouse the latent energies of the people of this _COUBtl'V , and , by altering the name , to meate a fresh feature in the Chartist agitation—a feature wbich , he was sure , would he productive of abundant fruit . ( Ilcar , hear . )
Mr . _IIarsev rose to correct an error which had fallen from one or two of-the preceding speakers , with reference to tho conduct of some of those Chartists who had been conspicuous in ISiS . It was well known that success or failure decided the character of every movement ,- and although those men had failed in gaining the rights which the Chartist body had so much at heart , he could not see that they had thrown any discredit upon the movement . He could not see that there was any treason in altering the name . The Association of late years had been a failure ; he was anxious to abide by the motto of "tho People ' s Charter , and no Surrender , " but he would rather do it under the name ofthe " Charter Union" than that ofthe " _Rational Charter Associition . " ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . Bestely . would not vote against the clause . Mr . O'Coxxor said , if they wished to do things in a business-like manner , they should do as they did in the House of Commons—namely , pass a bill first , ; and name it aftcrwnrds .
After some further dhcussion . it was agreed by 24 to 20 , that tho question should he settled at once . Mr , Drake was in favour of retaining the old name , lie did not like new-fangled doctrines . Thc Provisonal Committee seemed to have thought that thc change of name would he productive of a good fund which would be placed at the disposal of the Council . He thought no such _thing . In fact , he would stick to the old name as long as he professed Chartist principles . Mr . Hobden would prefer the word " Union " to "Assoeiation , " as the former had always been the watchword of the Charter . He could not see any material difference in the words to create any discussion , and would adwse them to settle the Question at once .
Mr . M'Grath said , he had not heard any one single argument advanced tending to invalidate the clause under discussion . He confessed that he had always preferred the word " Union " to " Association , " as " union " was the rallying cry of all political parties . As to the Committee wishing to truckle to the middle class , and to break up the agitation for the Charter , ho considered such suppositions highly ridiculous , as they ( the Provisional Committee ) had done ail in their power to devise the best means for resuscitating a movement for a long time dead , and for infusing a sound principle of r . ction into the whole of the Chartist proceedings . 31 r . Laxgar would say that , if there were no difference between the two words " Union " and "Association , " why seek to alter it ? ( Hear , hear . ) He would vote against the change . After some further discussion , clause 2 was put , when there appeared for the clause , 11 ; against it , 10 ; majority 5 .
The decision was received with general applause amongst the strangers present . The Chairman then . put thc 3 rd and 4 th clauses , to which no opposition was offered . On the 5 th clause being put , Mr . Collins' moved : — " That no president , or vice-president , be elected , but that the Association be governed hy an Executive Council . " Jlr . Wilkixs seconded it . Jlr . _Buxtlet supported the amendment , as it tended to place the governing power of tho Association upon a strictly democratic principle . ( Hear , hear . ) Jlr . Lee supported the amendment .
Mr . _HARXur would certainly give his vote in fa-Tonr of the amendment of Mr . Collins , because lie detested the system of presidency , and , after the exhibition which the French President , had made , they must all agree with him in his vote against the clause . Mr . O'Coxxor said , he thought thoy would do better to substitute the word chairman for president . Mr . _Revxolds said that the developement of the machinery ofthe organisation would grow out of the articles ofthe progivinime . He thought they should try the plan for twelve months , and then if it did not succeed they could throw it overboard .
Mr . M'Grath said they had heen told that the President of Prance had misconducted himself , and that , therefore , to have a president in tlieir Assoeiation would be impolitic ; but he would direct _fieir attention to the President of America in answer to that , and ask if his conduct had been inconsistent with the democratic principles of the American government ? ( Hear , hear . ) He should adhere to the original clause . Mr . Bnowx could not see any harm in having a president when they had the power to discharge him . Mr . Stallwood supported the amendment , as he thought it would he best to allow the Council to choose their own chairman . Mr . Clark said it required that a responsible person should be placed at the head of all societiesa person capable of wielding the emblem of Ol'dei' , anu of directing it . ( Hear , hear . )
Mr , Allsoi ? supported the proposition ofthe Provisional Committee , The Chairman then put thc amendment , when the numbers were—For the amendment , 17 ; against it , 11 _jj majority against , 0 . Tlie Gth clause , bearing upon thc 5 th , was then annulled . On clause 7 , Mr . O'Coxxor objected to the election ef a Council of thirty-seven men by the people of London , to sit in London , and to transact the business ofthe whole country . It would make a close borough of it . People in the country would not subscribe towards a parliament elected only by the people of London . Besides , the number was too great . They could never get more than . fifteen out of the thirtyseven to attend .
Mr . r , ETXOLDS said , the Provisional Committee had purposely left the mode of election to he decided by the _' Conference . Ho did not think , however , that the country could afford to send up men to London , and keep them there perpetually ; ami for that reason the committee had thought it best to confine the election of delegates to London . Mr . Umxomoved : —" That the number of the Council be reduced to twenty-one . " Mr . Drake seconded the amendment . Mr . Stallwood would observe , with respect to the election of the Counil being confined to London , that if they made it a general election throughout the country they would be pounced upon by government for infringing the law . Ii would be a violation of the Corresponding Act .
Mr . Retxolds said , that if they had thirty-seven in tlieir Council they would have thirty-seven unpaid lecturers , who would work to their utmost , in their various localities , to disseminate the doctrines of Chartism . Mr . Clark , did not think that the country districts would consent to place all their legislative powers in the hands ofthe people of London . Mr . O ' Coxxor reiterated his opinion , that thirtyseven was too great a number . They would say : — " What ' s everybody ' s business is nobody ' s business . " They would get more present out of a Council of twelve than they would out of the number proposed . They must give the people of the country tbe power to vote in tho election of their Council . Such a course would not be a violation of the Correponding Act .
Mr . Aixxdii thought there would not bo much difficulty in getting a Council of thirty-seven together in London , as , in 1813 , they had a Metropolitan Council consisting of a much greater number , and he would say , that he never knew Chartism in London in so prosperous a condition as it was whilo that Council existed . Mr . Dotle said the Manchester people were rather tenacious of their rights , —( hear , hear , )—and having always been so , he did not think they would be more reconciled now than they had been before , to abide hy anything in which they had not a voice . lie could bear witness to the good done by the Metropolitan Council in 1843 , but that good only
extended over London itself ; and , therefore , on behalf of the whole country , he would reject any general Council being formed , in the election of which the peoplo generally could not have a vote . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . Harxet agreed with Mr . O'Connor in the views that gentleman , had expressed upon tho subject . Mr . Drake would like to see as many as a hundred framing a Council ; as he considered that the greater the number of which the Council were composed , the greater number of staunch advocates o ' f the Charter would they have in their ranks . Mr . Davis thought that if they could not get fifty-seven men out of their body in London to meet in London , the chance of their ever obtaining
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ther ultimate ohject was very improbable . ( Hoar , hear . ) Mr . ' Bejtlet supported the clause as it stood . Mr . Towssexd : Let them , at all events , give the matter a trial . Messrs . M'Grath and Pattkxsos followed . Mr . O'Coxxor bogged to assure the members of the Provisional Committee that if they sent the . Constitution" into the country as it stood , they the Committee ) _nould be laughed at . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . Clark moved : —¦ " That the general government be an Executive Council , consisting of seven persons . " Mr . _Dixos seconded the motion . Mr . Heysolds was objecting to the motion of Mr . Clark as being ont of order , when Tbe Chairman said tllflt llillf-past ton o ' clock being thc hour at which they had _agreed to close the debates , tbe Conference stood _adjourned .
TUESDAY EVENING . The Conference assembled at eight o'clock precisely . Shortly afterwards , Mr . O'Connor entered , and waa much applauded . The Chairman having taken his scat , called over the names of the delegates , when all of them being present , ' rho Secretary of tiie Conference , ( Mr . Clark , ) read tho minutes of the previous evenings proceedings , which were confirmed . He then proceeded to read two lott ors ho had received—one from
Aberdeen , " expressing the desire of tho _peoj > le of that place to sec a thorough and practical re-organisatwn drawn up by the Conference , and hoped that Mr . 0 Connor and Mr . Reynolds would pay tliem a visit , as soon as possible , in order to _resuscitate the Chartist movement there . " The other letter was from a Wos t Hiding delegate meeting-, held in Bradford , ( Mr . Wilcox ,-chairman , ) " expressive of their desire to abide by , and carry out any _vigorous plan of organisation which the Conference _mie ' it adopt . °
The _Ciuirmax then proceeded to business , and said : The first question they should discuss waa Mr . Utting ' s amendment upon clause 7 , which was : — " That tho _nunjbsr of the Council bo reduced to twenty-one . " Mi ' , dlark _' s motion would come next under discussion . Mr . Clark worn * just read . his motion , which he had altered from v ' he one he proposed tho night previous , to the following : — " That the Council of seven should bo elected by London , and that the Chartists ofthe provinces should 1 ) 0 empowered to send up members if thought fit , " Mr . Dixos seconded it .
Mr . O'CoN _. NORsaid : If they placed the power of returning members of the Executive Committee in the hands of the people in the provinces , they must first pass a resolution that such men should be paid for their services . ( Hear , hear . ) If they neglected to do that , the men of Manchester , Leeds , Newcastle , and other places , would say it was a juggle . Lot them proceed upon tho principle of Universal Suffrage as far as they could , and they would thereby show to the world at large that they understood what thoy were agitating for , and that of
the principle was ono ' sound practicability . ( Hear , hear . 1 Let them not doubt that there would he sufficient funds to support an Executive . For the people would seo the necessity of such a course , in _order to keep timo with the Protectionist humbug movement , and tho Parliamentary ltoform agitation . Ho had , not many years back , spent £ 913 in ono tour , for the purpose 6 f paying an Executive , — ( cheers . )—and ho would do the same again if circumstances required it . Mr . Clark pressed his motion . 1
Mi . Mills would like to seo the district delegate councils in the country , thc same as under the old organisation . Mr . _Milnes did not see why Mr . O'Connor should be expected to go round thc country to spend his money , when past experience had shown them that individual members would not do their duty . ( Hear , hear . ) Ho would move " that the Council consist of 3 paid members . Mr . Brown seconded the motion . Mr . Collins supported it . If thoy had any more than three , he thought too groat a share of payment would fall on Mv , O'Connor ' s shoulders , as it had done before . ( Hear , hear . )
The Chairman said , if the Executive consisted only of three persons , they must at all events confine their services to London . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . _UlTiXO said , if any portion of the Executive Council were to become lecturers , he would like some gentleman to move the following , as he had already ono amendment upon thc subject before the Conference , whicji his seconder was unwilling to withdraw—namely , " That the _Coancil consist of seven members ; those to ho nationally elected , to be paid for their services , whose duty it should be to go to meetings , aud deliver lectures ; the remaining four to bo elected by London , and to act only in London , and not to bo paid for their services . " Mr . Bextlky wonld movo that .
Mr . _O'Cokxor understood that tho object of thc Conference was to create union . He would ask , what would be the feelings of seven men sitting together , of whom three were paid for their services , and four were not ? Thoy would indeed , have a happy family . ( Laughter . ) As self-interest was tho basis of human action , tliey would have a continual hubbub in their council—the whole onus being thrown upon the three paid men . ( Hear , hear . ) No _seconder appearing for Mr . Bentley's motion , it fell to the ground . '
Mr . Drake said , that tho past had taught them n lesson , that the public would not pay for lectures . They wanted 100 lecturers , if thoy could pay them ; but thoy must get the money first , and engage the lecturers afterwards . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . Reynolds said , he thought if the people wished forthe Charter , they could support a Council of five men ; and if Mv . O'Connor , or himself , or any other individual clioosed to net the part of a patriot , it was for that Conference , and the people generally , to applaud him for it , and not to endeavour to prevent the exhibition of true zeal for thc future . ( Hear , hear . )
M " . Stallwood said , ho would just observe , thai now there was no Provisional Committee , that it and its duties bad ceased immediately Us report was made to that Cohfureacc ; and as regarded the questions before them , he Knew it was difficult to please all sections of their own party . The letter read tbat evening from Aberdeen was a good illustration of that : in that letter it was stated , that the Scotch would not be satisfied with an English Conference , or an English Executive , or Secretary ; and suggested that a Scotch Conference should be held , and a Scoth Executive and Secretary be appointed ; and yet , strango as it may appear , thoy had to the late Executive a Scotch Secretary ( Mr . S . Kydd ) , who was not supported by his countrymen ; and what was more inconsistent still was , wiih all this national prejudice they invited a Saxon and an Ivishman to come across tho border , to raise the
agitation for them . As regards the payment of thc members of tlie Executive , he thought this a serious question for their consideration , and past experience did not say much in its behalf ; for his part , should Mr . O ' Connor , or any other person feel _disponed to give any sum of mono } ' in favour of the agitation ho should not be inclined to receive it ungraciously , as he _lielicvcci such things were done with the best intentions ; but , at the same time , he thought it would reflect the greatest disgrace on tlie Chartist body , whoso supiucness rendered anything of the kind necessary . ( Hear , hear . ) He feared the humorous questions before the Conference would perplex it ; for his part , he thought tliree the best number for the Executive ; and he also thought the Council of twenty-one necessary , and highly beneficial , and should vote for both those propositions . After a further discussion of some minutes .
The Chairman put the propositions as they stood , when there appeared : —For tbe original clause , 0 ; for Mr . Clark's amendment , 12 ; for Mr . Milne ' s , 10 ; for Mr . Utting's , 7 . Mr . Clark moved— " That the whole government of the Assoeiation be vested in the hands of the Executive Committee . " Mr , Davis seconded it . The question was then put , when it was carried by 13 to 5 . Upon clauses 10 aud 11 heing read , it was unanimously agreed " that thc Secretary and Treasurer ofthe Executive Committee should be appointed by that body . " Clause 12 was rendered unnecessary by tho substitution of Mr , Clark ' s proposition in tho place of clause 9 .
Clause 13 was agreed to , without any discussion . Upon clause 14 , * Mr . _O'Cossoa said , he thought ono shilling was too much for man vworking man ( o pay down . ( Hear hear . ) Quick sale and light profit was tho basis of trade ; and for that reason "lie would move— " That the subscriptions for twelve months should be threepence . " Re considered they would then harmonise their proceedings with the condition of the people ; and they would obtain ten times thc number of members . This motion not being seconded , fell to the ground . Mr . Davis thought one shilling quite little enough . Mr . SrALLwoon concurred with Mr . Davis , and
said he had known poor Cuffay and other Chartists in London , who had gone with one meal per day to contribute to the funds of Chartism ; and any man , with the cause at heart , would do the same . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . _Utiino said , the expenses of cards of membership , if granted monthly for one penny , would leave no funds in the hands of the Executive . Mr . Reynoids explained , that if 100 cards were issued iu one month , the profit upon them would be seven shillings . ( Hear , hear . ) Besides , if they issued cards monthly they would be able to prevent any such slur being thrown upon them again , as they experienced in the case of the National Petition of last year . If they issuod 1 , 000 , 000 cards they would know they could get the names and
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addresses of that number of men as bona fide members ofthe Charter Association , to sign a petition which would not be sneered at , as containing tlm names wliich police spies had placed upon their last one , ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . O'Coxxob said , that would he no criterion as to the prosperity of the Society , as ho himself , some six or seven years ago , had left 2 , 000 tickets in Glasgow , 3 , 000 iii Edinburgh , and so on in other places , and lie had never been paid for any of tliem . ( Hear , hear , )
Mr . Bnowx supported tho cLiuso as it stood . v Milne thought it would be well if the ono shilling was paid in advance . He did not like the idea of giving any one the opportunity of speaking at their meetings on payment of a mere penny . His experience told him that there was justice in thc observation , " That tho poor man paid , whilst thc richer looking one skulked by . " He would therefore move— " That thc sum staled be one shilling annually . " Mr . Allnutt seconded tho ameiidment . -
Mr . Davis sai ; l , if they carried that amendment they would exclude every man from voting in the affairs ofthe Association / who might be able to pay ono penny , hut not one shilling . " ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . Dotle thought they could not mend the clause itself . It provided ' for everything , which even the poorest man might wish . It gave an opportunity of paying one shilling , sixpence , or one penny , as circumstances would permit . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . M'Grath opposed tho amendment . If they allowed a man to pay . by instalments , and disfranchised him till he had paid up , it would prove an insurmountable barrier to the increase of tho Association . ( Hear . ) Mv . _IIobwen said , if they intended to agitate the agricultural districts , they must not expect the farmers' labourers to pay one shilling down at once .
lie supported the clause . Mr . Harxet moved— " That a card of membership be granted for one year , upon payment of one shilling . Thc contribution may be paid by installments of not less than ono penny weekly . The member not to receive his card , nor to ho eligible to be a member of the Executive Committee until the contribution is paid in full . " Ho thought much harm had been done by Chartist Lecturers , and others telling the people that thoy were too poor to contribute the necessary funds . ( Hoar , hear . ) He did not wish cards to be merely sold , but members to be enrolled SO hit thoy might be a veritable association _, lie would movo this resolution a 3 an amendment to both the propositions before the Conference .
Mr . Ahxott seconded the amendment of Mr . Harney . Jlr . Milxe withdrew his amendment . The Chairman then put tlie _ouestion , when there were : —For Mr . Harney's amendment , 14 ; for the clause , 12 ; majority 2 . Mr . Clark moved— " That any person paying the shilling by instalments , shall be eligible to vote in the affairs of the Association , during thc time he may be making such payments . " Mr . Davis seconded it . A long discussion took place between Messrs . Muses , _Hooers , Uttixo , Ac , when it was unanimously resolved— " That the motion of Mr . Clark should be incorporated in Mr . Harney ' s amend ment . " Clause 15 was annulled by tho last resolution of the Conference .
Clauses 10 , 17 , and 18 , were agreed to , without discussion . On clause 10 , Mr . _Harnkv said , this clause seemed to be casting reflections upon the character of some lecturers who had formerly been engaged in the movement . Mr . _M'Gbatu said , on the part ofthe Provisional Committee , that no such thought had entered thc mind of any member of that body ; and no insinuation was meant in the clause against any lecturer formerly engaged in the Chartist movement . It was then-agreed that the matter be left to the discretion of thc Executive Committee . On clause 20 , Mr . _Uauskv proposed " that the word ' territorial ' be expunged , " which , being seconded by Mr . Aunoit , was carried . Clause 20 , and last , was then agreed to .
Mr . Clark said , that , owing to the alterations which had been made in the " Constitution" submitted by the Provi & iemtl Committee , it was necessary that somo of their resolutions should bo altered , and they would be submitted to thorn , with such alterations as the Committee might think fit to make on the following night . The Chairman then declared the Conference adjourned .
1 VEDKESDAY _EVESISG . The Conference held its third nights sitting in tho coffee-room of the Literary and Scientific Institution , John-Street , Fifezvoy-squavc , at ei g ht o'clock , the Lodge lioom of tho Wheat Sheaf being engaged . The Chairman having taken his seat , Mr . Clark read the minutes ofthe previous meetings , which having been confirmed , he proceeded to place before them tho resolutions in their altered stat ? , as agreed to hy the Provisional Committee . They had thought it necessary to make the alterations on account of the decisions which the Conference had arrived at with reference to various parts of the " Constitution . " The first resolution read as follows : — " That a Provisional Committee bo now appointed to take measures for the election of an Executive Committee , and that suuh election do take place within three months from tho present time , and that the Committee consist of nine persons .
Mr . Revxolds seconded tho resolution , which was carried unanimously . Mr . Clark then moved tho second resolution , as follows : — " That an address he issued by this Conference to tho nation , promulgating the new Constitution of thc National Charter Association , and invoking tho moral adhesion , as well as the pecuniary assistance , of those who arc favourable to democratic progress . " Mr . Dovli ; seconded it , and on being put , it was carried unanimously : — " On the -motion of Mr . O'Connor , seconded by Mr . John Arnott , Messrs . Reynolds , Clark , and Doyle , were appointed to prepare an address to the people of Great Britain . " Mr . Clark then moved tho third resolution , as follows : — " That the _Rational Charter Association
will aid and assist the endeavours of all societies whoso objects arc to obtain the reformation of all , or any abuses , in tho institutions of the country . " He thought this would bind tbem not to prevent , hy any influence they might possess , the endeavours of any society which had for its object the enfranchisement of thc _wevking _ciassos . ( Hear , hear . ) Mv . _IIextley seconded the resolution . Mr . Urn . _vG would not like to see the Chartists obstructing thc progress of any other Association , but ho would _liko " _" to see tho following addition made to thc resolution -. — " That the National Charter Association , in refraining from obstructing any Association having for their ' object any portion of the principles of thc People ' s Charter , do not act with them as a mere auxiliary . "
Mr . O _Coxxort said , if he thought the resolution submitted to them any such thing as Mr . Utting was anxious to guard the Association against , he should certainly oppose it . ( Hear , hear . ) Suppose that they added -. — " That , \ fhi \ c the _National Charter Association are determined not to abandon any portion of thc People ' s Charter , thoy are determined to assist any society having for its object any portion of the principlesof the cause . " ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . Dotle said , ho had express instructions upon that point from his constituents at Manchester , expressing their desire to work with the
Financial anil Parliamentary Reformers ; hut they would not consent to a junction with any Association which did not embrace the whole of the People ' s Charter . He dissented entirely from these instructions ; believing as he aid that hy throwing any obstacle in the way of thc Reform League they would but he obstructing tho cause which they had at heart . ( Hear . ) Though he was a Chartist to the back-bone , yet he thought it would be inconsistent in him to oppose any system whieh would give the vote to between four and five millions of those who were at present disenfranchised . ( Hear , hear . )
Mr . Clark thou read the resolution , ns amended by Mr . O'Connor . Mr . Harney would not oppose the resolution . He was anxious that the Chartist body should not obstruct any meetings called for the purpose of promoting the adoption of any part of the Charter ; but he would oppose the plan adopted hy somo of the leaders ot the Chartist movement , namely—of going to tho Parliamentary Reform meetings , and announcing themselves as the representatives of the Chartist body , and proclaiming the junction ofthe hitter body with the middle classes . ( Hear . ) George Thompson had himself spoken of the lack of principle in Cobden . He would vote for the resolution , but not upon false grounds , as it was one thing to refrain from obstructing a movement , and another to go to meetings , and proclaim the
marriage of Chartism with that movement . ( Hear . ) Mr . O'Connor thought it his duty to answer Mr . narney . "When he had gone to Reform League _meetings , it had been his habit to tell them that though willing to assist them in getting their portion of political reform , he would never abandon the movement of Chartism till he had secured for the whole people a free , full , and fair representation in the House of Commons . Jle had attended six of their meetings , and tbat was the principle he had enunciated at each . Besides , had not Lord Nugent admitted the whole of the People ' s Charter at Drury Lane Theatre ? ( Hear , hear . ) Had not Thompson , Pearson , and others , at the head of the Reform League , voted for the whole Charter when he introduced it in the House oi Commons ? If ho had not Totedfor Mr . Hume ' s _n i iifp . be should
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have stood alone in the House , as he generally did but he should altrays go forthe future with any body of men whom he thought were sincere in their desire to benefit the working classes . Ho would go with them to gain what they wanted , and then he would never rest till he had obtained the whole of the Charter . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Towssesd said , that tho greatest possible amount of good would result from their attending the parliamentary meetings . He was present at one at Hackney , when lie proposed an addenda to their resolution—and tbat addenda was tho "No Property Qualification " clause ofthe Charter . It was agreed to , ; . nd lie had since learned that the League had taken that point of tiie Charter in addition to those they foriiier / y advocated . ( Cheers . ) lie had groat faith in the good that might be effected by Chanist loaders attending these meetings , and ho would vote for the resolution of Mr . Clark .
Mr . llEYxoi . ns replied to Air . Harney , that he knew of no instance in which any leader of the Chartists had gone to Reform meetings representing himself as Horn tho Chartist body __ offering their co-operation to the Reform Association . He himself , however , was not only a member of tho Association , but he had paid ten guineas for the present year , and ten guineas in advance for the next year , in order to enable him to become a member of their Council . Re had introduced into that Council the points of the Charter , which tbey ( the Council ) did not recognise . Ho had forced them to append another poinf — No Property Qualification for
Members of Parliament—to their bill of rights , and he would agitate in . the Council , and at their publis meetings , till he made them adopt the whole of the principles contained in tho People ' s Charter . ( Cheers . ) He would accept for the present , the modicum of Reform offered them by the Reform League , as it was the stepping-stone to tho accomplishment of all that the working classes of this country wished for . ( Hoar , hear . ) He thought it necessary the leaders of the Chartist movement should go to tho meetings of the League to instruct tho middle classes as to what the real principles of Chartism were .
Mr . Collins thought , as Mr . Reynold ' s was a member ofthe council of tlio Reform League , ho should agitate for the abolition of thc i _.-amense premium , in order that working men might get on that council . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . Reynold ' s had laboured to that effect ever since he had been on the council , and he should continue to do so . ( Hoar hoar . ) Mr . Davis said , he had been invited to attend one of the meetings of tho Reform Associationthe first meeting called by that body in the Tower Hamlets . lie attended and addressed that meeting , and ho was sure he represented the Chartists of the tower Hamlets upon that occasion , ' when ho avowed his intention to take tho modicum of
reform offered first , and then to work firmly and laboriously for the interest of the Charter afterwards . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . _Pattexsox agreed with Mr . narney . He would not obstruct the meetings of the Association , but he would not co-operate with them . Men had gone to tho meetings of the Reform League , and represented themselves as from tho Chartist Association , deputed to make a junction between the two bodies . After a few words from Mr . Brows in favour of attending tho League meetings ,
Mr . _Peakcev moved , and Mr . Laxoor seconded , tho following amendment , on thc resolution of the Provisional Committee , under discussion : — " That the Conference discountenance all opposition at the meetings of the Reform League , ov any other body of men seeking any portion of political reform , so long as thc Chartists were allowed a fair and impartial hearing . " Mr . Stallwood thought great good had been dODC by Chartist leaders attending thc meetings of tho Parliamentary Reform . Association . He was ono of
several persons who had had an interview with Sir Joshua _waltnesley , after that gentleman had held a meeting at Hammersmith , when he declared to him ( Mr . Stallwood ) " That'ho was a whole hog Chartist himself ; but that there were so many prejudices to be conquered in tho minds of the middle classes , that the best thing they could do , was to get a portion of' points' first , and go for thc rest afterwards . " Mr . _Allxutt could bear witness to thc good done at the Sadler's IVoNs meeting :, by thc attendance of Messrs . Clark and M'Grath , and tho attendance at the League meeting in Finsbury had converted many of tho middle classes to the cnuse of Chartism . In fact , one gentleman who attended that meeting had since sent £ 1 to tho Victim Fund , and other
snms varying from 10 s . downwards , for other Chartist purposes . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . Habney begeed to be understood , that lie did not object to Chartist leaders going to thc meetings of : he Reform League ; but that ho did deny tho right of any man to go and say he represented the Chartist body , and that his mission was to unite tho two parties . { Hear , hear . ) Mr . Drake had no faith in the promises of the middlo classes . If thoy looked to the past , they would find an instance of their treachery atthe timo of tlieir agitation for the Reform Bill . They had been deceived by them then , and he would not give them an opportunity of deceiving them ( the Chartists ) again . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . M'Grath conceived that an immense amount
of good would be done to the cause of Chartism , by Chartists co-operating with thc middle classes for their modicum of reform . ( Hear , hear ) . Tho middle classes wero all electors , and ho thought , therefore , that no deception was to he feared on tho part of the members composing that class , when they were in full _possession of that franchise which , he thought , they sought conscientiously to confer upon the working class . ( Hear , hear ) . The middle class composed the House of Commons , anil it was therefore to that class they ( tho Chartists ) must look for thc enfranchisement of themselves . ( Cheers ) . He was opposed to class denunciation ; and cared not
whether he joined with a cotton lord , or any other man , so long as the cud sought was the enfranchisement of the people . Mv . Clabk . rose for thc purpose of disabusing the minds of that Conference against what had been said by Mr . Harney , with respect to leaders of the Chartist Association , representing the members of that Association at the meetings of the Reform League . Ho really thought it unfair tliat such insinuations should be thrown out . He took them to himself . He had not the most remote wish to take the gentlemen who had introduced this matter , in his own peculiar way , as his model .
Mr . O'Connor said , he had taken it to himself as well ; but really ho did think that Mr . Harney had not cast reflexions upon any individual member of the Association . He thought it very true that " When a cap into a crowd is thrown _. The man who wears it claims it for his own . " ( Laughter . ) Mr . Clark would take the matter to himself . He had attended Reform meetings , and he had done more—he had become a member of the Reform . Asssociation . ( Hear , hear . ) Rut at their meetings he had always _waiut-Awed th _« _iivwmess awl dignity of the Chartist body , by granting Chartist co-operation with them , , uid " dem _.-iridiiig in return their co-operation with thc Chartists , finally to obtain tho whole six points of the People's Charter . ( Cheers . ) More good had been done to Chartism by Mr . O'Connor ' s attendance at the Princess ' s Theatre luectiu ? than would have accrued from his
attendance at forty ordinary Chartist _meetimjss ( Hear , hear . ) It wasguod to obtain any portion of . tlieir rights , as a guarantee for the accomplishment of the rest . Why it was well known , that inEirmingham alone , by the repeal of the rate-paying clauses 10 , 000 persons had been added to the municipal registry of that town ; and if thc Reform League gained their objects they would enfranchise from four to five millions of the people of this country . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . Harney said , the only thing ho objected to was this—men went to Reform meetings _jind married Chartism and Parliamentary Reform , without the sanction of the Chartist body . ( Ucav , \\< _twt . )
Mr . O'Coxxon said , ho went to Norwich , Brighton , Aberdeen , and to the Princess ' s Iheatre , and Drury-lane Theatre , and ho was _ouito sure that when lie said he represented the Chartist body at all those places , he was speaking the whole trath . ( Hear , hear . ) He appeared . it _lirigbton in the character ofthe Dukeu $ York , when lie was Bishop ol Osnaburgh , and his intention was to solemnise a marriage between the two classes . ( Laughter and cheers . ) Mr . Harney protested against the marriage . After some further discussion the original resolution was put and carried , only three hands beingheld up for the amendment .
Mr . Clark then proposed the fourth _rssolution of Provisional Committee , which was : — " ¦ That tho Conference do agree that an address be issued to the Irish people , approving of their _cffoi 4 s to achieve nationality , and _equality of political rights . " He said , he hail accompanied Mr . O'Connor to Ireland on tho occasion of tbe ' ' Alliance "" Co-ferenco ia Dublin , and he was surprised to seo the good spirii which evinced itself in that _Confwjauce _to-wurus Mr . O' Connor . Ho was most enthusiastically received ; and he understood , that at tho present time there was a Democratic Committeo , _consisting < . f about ono hundred stern young _Dwaocrats of Dublin , from whom an invitation hadfoeen received by Mr . O ' Connor io go to Ireland ,, and explain tho principles of Chartism there , as they were _desirous of forming a junction with tbe English Chartists . ( Hear , hear . ) The Irish people wished , not only a Repeal ofthe Union , but a representation of their interests in the British . Parliament
Mr . O Conxou rose to second tho nbwo _resolu-^ ?\ - He h _™ B 6 ea invite _* _l t 0 Mend Dublin Conference by one of the old Chartism , who had lately suffered nine pnsonment for having had concealed in ( Conth . vedtotlieBthpgge _. J ; :
The Late' ~ Friends Of Months Im-- : - H...
the late' ~ friends of months im-- - _hiihoujk- * J - " > T _^ fJ : ; .. ' _V' _^ _- ' i _'' \ i _-- •¦ V ! i' _-v ,- ; r . c \ _'W o the late' . " - > . riends of ' r \ v lontba infrs- ' - ' _^ - ' _-Vy _\ . A . *" iiiioti _^ , _^ ., _>^) \ ) 'V : r _^ , _!^^ u _^ i \ - \ : _^ % ) JLJ \ - _> _C _^ _;? _iLma iMrm
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 15, 1849, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_15121849/page/5/
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