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¦ Ito-lfr*- 1846. THE, MQjmiRSttt: S T-A...
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- Banfmtpte, &t
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BANKRUPTS. Joseph Fearnlev, Windsor-terr...
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.. — ner on oeuait ot useful and philant...
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GLASGOW. Da.Dosseixy vnnsus the "Greenoc...
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New Zealand.—A parliamentary return, of'-con-
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siderable importance, relative to the af...
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SbttiSii $ittel%ence
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Pukisument of Death in America, — Accord...
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Novel Way op CineuxATiNo News.—The Figar...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Fatal Fall. Fkom A Window. — On Tuesday ...
_jtfE ALLEGED MURDER AT GREENWICH . TBIAL OP THE BICHARDSONS . CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT . —Wednesday . _Jjjjs morning , William Richardson , aged 49 , _desj jjbed as an _astronomer , and Anne Maria Richardson aged 22 , spinster , were placed at the bar ta plead j _^ theindictment foun d against them at the March se ssion , for murder . The indictment alleged that the _prisoners feloniously administered to a male child of tender age , to wit , eight days old , a certain quantity of dea dly poison called arsenic , and that they did thereby kill and murder the said child . The prisoners pleaded not guilty . At ten o ' clock . Lord Chief Justice Dennian and jSr . Baton Alderson entered the Court , and ; the prisoners were then again placed at the bar , and they _fferefgiven to charge ts the Jury . Mr . Bodkin , Air . Huddlestone , and Mr . Clark appeared for the Crown ; Mr . Clarkson and Mr . Ballantine defended the prisoners .
Mr . Bodkin addressed the Jury , and said that bavins heard from the reading of the indictment the nature of the charge that was made against the prisoners , It became Jus duty to detail to them the circumstances upon which tbey would have to decide the awful question of the guilt or innocence of the prisoners at the bar . The case was one almost without parallel . The prisoners not onl y stood in the relative position of father and daughter , charged with the murder of an helpless infant , but that infant , there was no doubt , was their own _ofepring , and the result of an incestuous intercourse between them . He stated this to them because he was aware that it was impossible for them not to have become _acquainted with the fact from other sourcesand as he
, felt that such a circumstance must tend to create "horror in every well-regulated mind , he had to entreat them not te allow tiie prejudice that would thus naturally be created to weigh unfairly against the pr isoners ; bat that in the decision they should eventually come to they would be _gnided _' _solely bj _thtevidence that would be adduced in support of the specific charge now made against them . The Learned Counsel then proceeded to narrate the facts 5 n support of the charge , and the following witnesses were examined : — Charles Pearce deposed , that he is a labourer in the employ of a bricklayer , at Greenwich , and on the 22 nd of January last _* he was engaged in digging for a cesspool in the gai den of the male prisoner ' . -.
honse at Greenwich , and while so engaged found a coffin which , contained the dead body of an infant . John Hiscock , the employer of the last witness , proved that he took charge ofthe coffin and the dead body , aud afterwards handed them over to the police . Mr . Thomas Oak Mitehell deposed , that he is a surgeon at Greenwich , and he hist saw the body ol the deceased en the 23 d of January . The next day lie made a more minute examination , which induced him to remove the contents of the abdomen , with a Tiew to their undergoing a minute chemical examination , and he afterwards , _assisted by another medical gentleman , applied tests to the liquid he so removed , in order to endeavour to ascertain the existence of poison . The results of that examination were not Tery satisfactory to bim , bnt he conjectured the existence of arsenic in ihe stomach , and in
consequence of this the _rem-sMug contents ofthe stomach were given to Dr . Leeson , to undergo further analysis . "Mi . Heinseh , the assistant chemical lecturer at St . Thomas ' s Hospital , proved the receipt of the jar containing the contents of the * stomach ana _psrtionsof the body ot an infant from the last witutss and that he was present and assisted Dr . Leeson in waking certain experiments upon them with a view to ascertain whether any poison existed . The witness gave a minute technical detail of the experiments resorted to by himself and Ilr . Leeson , and expressed an opinion that nothing but arsenic could have produced all the results to which he had alluded , audio , his opinion the quantity discovered vvas four grains and one-tenth , but he could not undertake to say that this was sufficient to have destroyed the life of a child .
Dr . Leeson was next examined . He confirmed the Opinion given hy the last witness , and also stated tbat he had himself made other experiments , -with ihe same object , and the ultimate result was , that he bad no doubt whatever that the body contained arsenic _, and that the _quantity was at least four grains and one-tenth , which , he also said , was quite sufficient to cause the death ofa child . Dr . Leeson went on to say , that if arsenic were administered to an infant , it would probably first cause great pain in the stomach , then a redness and soreness in the throat , and there would also probably be blisters upon the tongue and throat , and the _usualresult ef inflammation iu the stomach , great thirst , & c .
By Mr . Clarkson—Very great care and attention were necessary in the experiments made , with a view io ascertain the existence of poison , and some tests formerly relied npon were now rejected as fallacious . He should not , himself , rely upon auy one individual test , but the result of the whale of his experiments satisfied him to a certainty of the existence of arsenic in this case . Elizabeth Reynolds deposed , that she resided with her husband , m Weston-street , Bermondsey . On tha 12 th of September , the male prisoner came to her house , and engaged the front room on the first floor , saying that it was for bis daughter , who was near her Cdnhnement , and he wished her to be comfortable . On the 11 th he came again , accompanied by his
wife , and on this occasion he said that the name of his daughter was Mrs . Robinson . On the following day the female prisoner was brought to the house by her father and mother , who left her there . On the Wednesday the male prisoner came to the house alone , and at this time his daughter was in bed , and she had "been delivered of a child the same morning . The child appeared to be perfectly healthy , and was fed as children generally are , with rusks ' , and tops and bottoms . On the Wednesday following the day on which it was born , the child first _became unwell The male prisoner bad come to see his daughter about four o ' eleek in the afternoon oi that day , and Up to that time the child appeared quite well , and notto nave any ailment whatever . The prisoner
went up to his daughter ' s room where she was lying in bed , and witness was occasionally in and out of the room-, leaving hini alone with his daughter , and they had tea _together about five o ' clock . Between four and fiTe © Mock witness was out of the room more than half an hour at one time . About eight or nine o'clock the same night , the child was taken with violent screaming . This was about half an hour after the male prisoner had left the house . The child seemed to be in great pain , and screamed till it had no power to scream any longer . It contiBued in this state all night , and a medical gentleman , named Wood , saw it , and he sent some powders for it _^ one of which she administered on the Friday . The mother ofthe female prise ner came to
the house on Friday , and remained until the child died , which was on the next day . During the Thursday the child presented some of the appearances of having the thrush , and after that it remained in a state of stupor until its death . The female prisoner wrote a letter to her father on the "Friday , andthei-extday , after the child was dead , he came to theht . use , and appeared to be verv sorry for the death of the child , and said that he " should take it heme to Greenwich and get it buried , as it would be less expense ; and the same evening he bronght a coffin to the house , and the body was placed in it , and it was then put in a bag , and the two prisoners aud the mother took it away with them . Before the child diedshe to 3 d the male
, prisoner that it would bs better to have the birth registered , and the next day he said it was all right , and he had had it registered , liis daughter asked him in what name ? and he replied , " Theodore Horatio . " The child ' s food was generally kept in a tea-Clip in the same room occupied by the female prisoner . When the prisoners were together they conversed a good deal in the French language . Dr . "Wood deposed , that he saw the child onj'the 25 th , and he observed that the eyes were very much inflamed , as was also tbe mucous membrane of the throat . He considered it was suffering from thrush , and he sent some powders for it . He did not see the child until the day after it was first attacked .
"When he was informed of the death of the ehild , he certified the cause of its death to belmarctsmus , or wasting away ofthe vital powers . He did so because the child appeared to him to be indisposed aud to waste away from its birth . Thomas Jones , a labourer , residing at Greenwich , proved that in the month of September he was in the male prisoner ' s employ , and used to work at liis house ou Royal-hill ; and he remembered on a Thursday in that month the prisoner ordered him to dig a hole in the garden , and he did so , and showed it to the prisoner , Tho said it would do very well . On the following Saturday he saw the prisoner come home with a bundle under his arm , but he could not say what was in the bundle .
Mr- " William Sturton deposed tnathe is a surgeon , _tesiding at Greenwich . In June last he attended _Upm the female prisoner , and ascertained that , she was then pregnant . In the month of October he attended upon the male prisoner , who at that time told him Ms daughter Lad had a child and that he was the father . He added , that society would view it as a great moral crime , and he was afraid he should lose his situation . He likewise stated that the child was dead . Cross-examined—He appeared very much depressed , and seemed to be nnder great apprehension of poverty , and said he should die in the work house . , Bv the Court—He was very ill from ulcerated sore throat and fever , and for a day or two his life was m _dauber . His wife Erst informed witness of the feet of the connexion that existed between thc prisoner and bis _daughter , but requested him not to allude
to it to mm . Joshua Edward Kearsey , apprentice to Mr . Riches , a chemist at Greenwich , proved that in August last lie had some _convention with the male _jprnoner about poisons , and he showed him a hottie that contained arsenic . The prisoner said , "Oh , that is arsenic , is it ? Witness said it was . Theprisoner
Fatal Fall. Fkom A Window. — On Tuesday ...
then asked how much it would take to kill any one , and he told him a yery small quantity . About a week after the 12 th of September he saw the _prigoneraga / in the shop of his employer , and he saw Mr . Riches give the prisoner a packet which contained , arsenic , and heat the time saw him write somethingupon the paper . Mr . . Cross , the registrar of births , deaths , and marriages , for the Weston-street . district , proved that there was no entry upon his register either of the birth or death of Theodore Horatio Richardson , and ho never heard of any application to make such an entry .
George Wilson , a police sergeant , deposed that he apprehended the female prisoner on the 23 rd of January , upon the charge of concealing the birth of her child . She then said that she was delivered of a child at Mrs . Reynolds ' s , in Weston-street , Southwark , on the loth of September , and that it died ten days afterwards . He asked her if she had a certificate ofthe death , and she replied she had not , but she believed her father had . He asked her what became ofthe child , and she told him her father took it away with him in a coffin and buried it . She likewise said it was her father ' s own child , and that he was the father of it . She added , tbat she was
present when her father buried it , and that one of his labourers had dug the hole , but she did not think he was aware what it was for , as it was not dug like a grave . She then told him that her father was at Pocklington , in Yorkshire , and be proceeded to that place on the 25 th of January , and apprehended him . He asked to see the warrant , and , on finding that he was merely charged with secretly burying the body with a view to conceal the birth of the child , he said , that could not be . for a medical gentleman and a nurse were engaged , _fle then wished to know whether there was any other charge against him , aud witness told him there was none that he was j aware of . ......
Mr . John Drake Finch , the principal clerk at the Green wich Police Court , produced the statements made by the prisoners while under examination bef » re the magistrate . The different statements were then put in and read . The female prisoner made the following statement : — "I am sorry for what I have done ; my father compelled me to do what I have done—to give way to him , 1 mean ; I mean as to the connection . I knew the object of my being taken to Weston-street to be confined . I will let it pass hy what he has done to me . I went once to Mr . English for protection . I was afraid my father was going to do something to mc . "The male prisoner said . " T wish to speak the truth
however much the awful circumstances are against me . I never wished to conceal the birth or death of the child . I could baTe bad it buried in London for a few shillings much more secretly . My desire was not to have the remains of the child disturbed . In June last my daughter was unwell , and Mr . Sturton was engaged to attend her . I went away , and when 1 returned _I'found she was pregnant , and I withheld any medicine that would tend to procure abortion . There was no concealment . I engaged a nurse and a doctor . On the loth I took my daughter to the apartment I had provided for her , and I returned home . On the 17 th I heard that the child wasborn . I believe I wentupto see my daughter . On the 25 fh
I went to the house to look af ter the' child , and it died on the 27 th , in the morning . I went and got a coffin made , and expressed my anxiety about the child . Every attention was paid to it , andl brought it to Greenwich by the railway . " The male prisoner subsequently made the folio wing additional statement : — " Ihave never done anything to contribute to the decease , or cause the death of the child , and God knows it . My sole care was to preserve the child . I declare before God and this people that I never saw the _ijarticle , or bought any arsenic . The only thing that caused me to bury the child in my own ground , was , that it should not be disturbed . I might have eluded this inquiry . All my children and my wife know that I have ever mourned the death of the child . "
Amelia Richardson was then called and sworn , and in answer to a question put to her by Mr . Clark , she said that she was 17 years of age , and the male prisoner was her father . By Mr . "Ballantine — She remembered the night in which ber father brought home the coffin . It was on Saturday , the 27 th of September . A hole was dug in a corner ef the garden on the following Thursday , and the body was bnried on the Friday night , and witness held a light when it was placed in the hole by her father . ByMr . Huddleston—She could not spealcpositively to the day on which the body was buried . By tie Lord Chief Justice—She was quite sure the hole was dug after the body was brought home . Mr . Clarke said , this was the case for the prosecution .
Mr . Clarkson submitted to theCourt that there was no evidence against the female prisoner to call upon her for a defence . The Lord Chief Justice , after consulting with Mr . Baron Alderson . said he did not think there was any evidence to show that the female prisoner had any share in causing the death of her infant . Mr . Clarkson then addressed the Jury for the defence , contending as he proceeded _. ' that there was not only no distinct proof that the child died of poison at all , but that there was also an absence of anything like direct evidence that the prisoner had ever purchased poison , or that he had administered it to the deeased . The Lord Chief Justice summed up tlie evidence . The Jury retired at a quartarto seven o ' clock , and returned into Court at a quarter past eight , finding a _rerdiet of Not Guilty .
¦ Ito-Lfr*- 1846. The, Mqjmirsttt: S T-A...
¦ _Ito-lfr _* - 1846 . THE , _MQjmiRSttt : _S _T-A E 7
- Banfmtpte, &T
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Bankrupts. Joseph Fearnlev, Windsor-Terr...
BANKRUPTS . Joseph Fearnlev , Windsor-terrace , City-road , worsted Stuff manufacturer . _"Sathauiel "Levy , Butcher-row , Aidgate , carcase butcher . John Green , Yarmouth , Norfolk , coal . merchant Charles Cnlledge Barley , Wisbeaeh St . Peter ' s , Cambridgeshire , grocer . Brookes Hugh Bullock , Nicholas-lane , City , wino merchant . Charles "M'Kinnell , _Fenchurch-street , " City , wine merchant Bobert "Hearn , Boddington-grove , Kennington , commission agent . William "Wells anil John Claxton , Victoria-wharf , Bankside , Southwark , coal merchants . Frederick Savery , Hillingdon , Middlesex , baker . Charles Frederick Carne aud
Maurice Telo , Liverpool , merchants . _George Whitfield , Nottingham , lemonade manufacturer . _IUehard Lees , Wolverhampton , Staffordshire , ironmonger . John Andrews , _UuddersSeld , Yorkshire , commission agent . Samuel J 5 rear Sowden , Leeds , share-trokpr . John Bacon , York , carpenter . | William Badger , _ Rotherham , Yorkshire , hoot and shoe maker . Edward linley and . Aaron linley , Sheffield , sheepshcars manufacturers , Thomas Hartley and Robert Ingham " , Jteeds , stock hrokers . Thomas _Refers , Bradford , Yorkshire , surgeon dentist . John Wiimot , lenton _, _Xotthighanisliire , coach proprietor , John _Tage , Walsall , Staffordshire iron dealer . William Fox and James Fox , Manchester , oilmen .
H 1 TIDESDS . June 3 . R . Garland . " _Walham-green , Middlesex , corn chandler , at eleren , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Londou —June JI . J ) . Marks , Houndsditch , pen manufacturer , at one , at the Court of Bankruptcy , London—June 2 . A . H . Chambers , sen ., and A . H , Chambers , jun ., _Jfeir Bond street , Bankers , at two , at the Court of Bankruptcy . London—June 19 , J . Radbone , Alccster , _Warrot-kshjre , broker , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Birmingham—June IC , C . Harrington , Kidderminster , plumber , at eleven , at the Courtof Bankruptcy , _Birmiiigfiani—June lfi , S . Rogers , _llale-hall , Staffordshire , earthenware manufacturer , at eleven , at tlie Court of Bankruptcy , Birmingham .
_CEHTIFICATES . June 3 . J , Scholefield , Cheapside , cutler , at eleven , at tlie Court of Bankruptcy . London—June 3 . W , Kearton , LamhuStreet , Spital-square , cheesem-nger , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , London—June 5 . G . B . Earn , London , ship broker , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , London—June 2 . M . Jones , Theobald's-road , grocer , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , London—June 4 , J . Shirt , Broad-street , Lambeth-butts , grocer , at eleven , at tlie Court of Bankruptcy , London—June 4 . F . Herpent . _SherraTd-streei , Golden-square , warehouseman , at half past twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , London —June 3 . V . Crispin , Bristol , earpenter , at half-past eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Bristol—June 2 . S . Vertue , Liverpool , merchant , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Liverpool—June 5 . G . Williams , Bristol , watchmaker , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Bristol—June 4 . T . and "M . Knight , Bath , upholsterers , at one . at the Court of Bankruptcy , Bristol .
_PABTUEKSHIM DISSOLVED . E . Reed and Co . Liverpool , miUiners—C . L . Brocklebnrst and Co ., Hohnnrth , Yorkshire , linen drapers , as far as regards C . L . Brocklehurst—J . Darby and K . Garland , Wood-street , Cheapside , warehousemen—lt . P . Long and W . IL Job , Limehouse , saw mill owners—T . W . H . Smart and E . C . 31111 , Cramhorne , Dorsetshire , surgeons—W . Simpson and . G . Boyes , York , stockbrokers—F . and J . _Protheroe , Bristol , coopers—T . Iluffam aud 1 ) . Westaway , City-road , tailors—R . and H . J . Bellingham , Strand , chemists—T . H . Hadfield and T . Bailey , Bartonupon-IrwcU , Lancashire , silk dyers—G . Gregory and Co ., Fisherton _Anjrer , Wiltshire , millers—J . Watson and T .
Jackson , Leeds , millers-G . Biogg and l . Samuel , _nuck-Iersbury—J . _Hc-ddin and F . Parkinson , jun ., Leeds , sharehrokcrs—J . Lomax and S . Kay , Hall-fold , Lancashire , cotton spinners—T . Bull and W . Nash , Minories _, provision merchants—G . Jones and J . Walker , Birming ham , ironfounders—J . and II . E . Boucher , Birmingham drapers—E . A . and J . Scwell , Fore-street , Crippiegatc , toy merchants—YV . and J . Wilson , New Bond-street , linen drapers—J . Smith and J . W . Browne , Swindon , Wiltshire , attorneys—G . W . Watkins and G . Gauiulrv , Oxford-street , oil warehousemen—C . Adshead and J . _GoodbanO , Leicester , commission agents—J . Bule nnd Co ., _Glatjgow _. _wiuemia-chauu-Kirkaldyaud Loudon Shipping Company .
SCOTCH _SEQUESTBATIONS . Archibald Couper , jun ., Glasgow , salesman , Mav 18 and June 8 , at twelve , at the office of Mr . Young , ' writer , 8 ' asgow—George Sanderson ; _Colington , Glasgow , baker , May 18 and June 8 , at two , at the chambers of Mr . ltobertson , solicitor , Edinburgh .
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.. — Ner On Oeuait Ot Useful And Philant...
on useful and philanthropic institution took place on Tuesday evening in the Freemasons" Tavern . Unwards " of 300 gentlemen sat down to an excellent and substantial dinner , under the presidency of General Sir De Lacy Evans , M . P , Braced Up . —A western editor , speaking of tbo Oregon question , says— " 11 -we must have a war , _iut us be found erect—in a posture of _defence—oxx \ i at least with our national pantaloons braced up . "
.. — Ner On Oeuait Ot Useful And Philant...
_MATING AT _PLTMOTJTH AGAINST THE IRISH COERCION BILL . M TiJ On Wednesday evening a public meeting called by the Chartiste was held at the Mechanics' _Institute , Princes-square , for the purpose bf petitioning Parliament-against the enactment of the Irish Coercion
Bill . Mr . Simons , amason . was called to the chair . He stated the object for which the meeting had been convened , namely , topetition the Legislature against the enactment of what lie regarded a very cruel and un . just measure with respect to Ireland . The provisions ofthe Coerc ion Bill , to consider which they had met ) were of an arbitrary and tyrannical character ; such as Englishmen ought not to see imposed either upon their Scotch , Welsh , or Irish brethren , It was that they sympathized with their Irish brethren that led to the holding of the meeting . The working men had , notice the
before issuing a calling present meeting , waited upon some ofthe gentry and shopkeepers of " the town to ask them to get up a meeting , for the purpose of opposing the _passing into a Jaw of this iniquitous Bill ; but these parties declining to call such meeting , anil soother parties coming forward to do se , they had felt that there was no alternative but to get up a meeting themselves , or neglect their duty in respect to their brethren across the Channel at a moment when , of all others , tliey were most deserving of sympathy . The chairman made some observations on the bill , and concluded by calling upon Mr . 0 Brien .
m O'Briks , a schoolmaster , and who was at one time secretary to the late Wm . Cobbett , addressed the meeting at considerable length . He contended coercive measures would most inevitably fail in producing any beneficial eftect in Ireland , it had so failed with respect to secret societies and other associations which it had been attempted to put down with a strong arm , but which had increased the more , in spite of the inteference of the law .- ( Hear . ) His experience as an Irishman , and as one who , in travelling through the country with the late Mr , Cobbett for the purpose of inquiring ! into the state of the people , taught him that if this Bill were to pass into a law , it would utterly fail of eifecting any good , but on the contrary , lead to an increase of those very crimes of assassination and murder , against which its _provisions were more particularly directed ; The great evil afflicting Ireland was the mode in whieh the land was managed . The speaker was of opinion
that improved modes of holding land , and improved cultivation , would do more to satisfy the Irish ' people than any mere legislative enactments . As an Irishman , he implored Englishmen to sympathise with his country , and assist his countrymen to resist the imposition of the tyrannical Bill now before Parliament . In the course of his remarks the speaker said , that when he accompanied Mr . Cobbett to Ireland , that gentleman went tbere with the view of collecting in . formation for writinga book , to be entitled " Ireland ' s Woes and Hopes , "' and which he had not completed when he died . Mr . O'Brien concluded by moving , " That this meeting views with feelings of stern disapprobation the attempt . ' made by her Majesty ' s Ministers to pass ] the Coercion Bill for Ireland , as being a flagrant violation ofthe privileges ofthe subject , and as Hot being at all calculated to redress outrages , or to eradicate the injustice of which the people complain . " This being seconded ,
The Rev . Mr . Aldbich , a clergyman of the Established Church , supported it in an eloquent speech , in which the Bill in question was said to be of a nature so tyrannical that it would scarcely be borne with in Poland or Russia . Mr . llonBRisoN moved the adoption of a petition to Parliament . Which was seoonded by Mr . Tremayne / and carried unanimously . Mr . O'Bkien proposed a vote of thanks f o the Chairman , he at the same time begged to return , on the part of his country , his sincere and heartfelt thanks for the deep interest manifested by that meeting in her behalf . The last expression was cheered with loud cries of " We do feel interested for her . " The vote of thanks to the chairman was carried unanimously , after which a working man whose name was not given , bore honorable _testimsny to the patience of the Irish under their afflictions , and showed the utter uselcssness of the means about to be enforced for creating peace amongst them .
Glasgow. Da.Dosseixy Vnnsus The "Greenoc...
GLASGOW . Da . Dosseixy _vnnsus the "Greenock Aevertiser . "—On Tuesday week there was decided hero before the Lord Justice Clerk , and a middle class jury , thelong pendinglibel case of Dr . F . jH . Donnelly , against the Greenock Advertiser . So long back as November , 1843 , the doctor was called on about midnight to visit some dying stranger in an ordinary lodging house , but before the doctor arrived , the man died , and because the usual fee was charged and paid , out comes a paragraph in the Advertiser , describing the occurrence so as to lead the public to believe , that the doctor had with his own hand _pic / ied tke dead man ' s pocket I For several years previously the doctor had submitted to a seriesof malignant attacks from this journal ; and the only _assignable reason for its shameless abuse was . that the doctor was a
native of poor ruined Ireland , and felt for her wrongs . On the appearance of the said paragraph , however , he came to the _resolution of calling the libellers of the Advertiser to an account for their infamous conduct . This he did by bringing them into court , and claimed £ 500 damage ** . In the course of the trial it transpired tbat the parties more immediately connected with the Advertiser were not wholly to blame in getting up the base falsehood , for which its supposed proprietors were about to be . trounced . It appeared that a batch of certain sneaking petty tyrants , who pull the wires behind the screen in the notorious Greenock police office and the anti-chambers connected therewith , concocted the lie , for which , after paying all expences , they must hand the doctor one hundred pounds sterling .
New Zealand.—A Parliamentary Return, Of'-Con-
New Zealand . —A parliamentary return , of _' _-con-
Siderable Importance, Relative To The Af...
siderable importance , relative to the _aftairs ol JNew Zealand , is just delivered . It consists of copies of a correspondence whieh took plaee last autumn , between Lord Stanley and Mr . G . F . Young , chairman ofthe New Zealand Company , respecting an application made by the company for a government loan of £ 150 , 000 , to enable it to carry out the views for whieh it was formed . Lord Stanley agrees to recommend to parliament that it should grant the . New Zealand Company a loan of £ 100 , 000 , subject to certain conditions , and the company , though greatly disappointed at not receiving the full amount for wliich it applied , agrees to accept the preferred £ 100 , 000 on the terms which Lord Stanley , as colonial secretary , proposes . The New Zealand Company feels the strongest conviction , that the Joan it has obtained will go far to restore prosperity to the colony . .
Tiid Garrisox of _Stdxev . —Considerable excite * ment prevailed in this city yesterday morning , by a report that the soldiers of the garrison had refused to obey orders , and had knocked od" duty . The rumour turned out to be partially true . Sonic time ago , a general order was received here , altering the regulations under which the troops are rationed , and discontinuing the allowance of grog . These regulations it was attempted to be put in force yesterday morninff , but the men turned out of their quarters en masse , about half-past eight o'clock , heaving away their bread into the barrack-yard , and refusing to do duty . The gates ofthe barracks were ' closed throughout the day , and his Excellency thc Commander of the Forces " , with his staff , went down at an early hour to endeavour to recall the men to obedience . During the day , however , an arrangement was made , under which the grog allowance was to be continued , and the troops then returned to their former discipline . — Australian Journal , Dec . 2 , 1845 .
Execdiiox at Algiers . —An Arab , named Ali-Bcn-Ameur , condemned to death by the council of war for his complicity in an assassination perpetrated by a band to which lie belonged , expiated his crime on the 23 rd of April , at Blidah . The arrival ofthe culprit the preceding _eveninff , between a double row of Gendarmes , had put the little town in quite a fermentation . Thc next morning an immense crowd assembled in the Bois Sacrc . At 9 o ' clock the condemned was conducted to tlie plaee of execution . He set out from his prison with a bold , swaggering , and almost feverish step , but almost immediately relaxed thc firmness of his behaviour , asd muttered prayers to Allah . Iu face of the mass of French and Arab heads through whicli he passed , as if into a furrow , whicli immediately closed upon him , he appeared especially struck by thc immense concourse of his cobelievers . When the sentence of the
court was read aloud to the multitude , he requested that his body might be transmitted to liis tribe . This last prayer being accepted , he express-id a wish to be executed quickly : he then knelt down , and turning his eyes towards the mountain of Mouzaia , his cradle , he continued to pray until the reverberation ofthe 12 musket shots which WCTD fired to punish tbe assassination of the Zouave Sauvagna . ihe crowd then dispersed in silenco and the corpse ot the guilty Arab was carried to the Mouzaia . On the 24 th Of * April some travellers , who were crossing the Chifia . were astonished t o meet a horseman who carried before him a dead body riddled with balls . Ihey learned , on enquiry , that this was the very Arab whose death wc have been describing , 'f _^ kors eman was his father , and was then carrying the corpse oi his son tO his OWn tribe , in order timt luneral honours might be rendered to it , according to mo Mahometan ceremonials . — Fans print .
_Mt-etiso at Southampton _aohnst _Deatu PuxisiiisnMESis— On Saturday a public meeting wns held at the Victoria-rooms , for the purpose of petitioning the _LegL-latureto adopt such measures aa in their ¦ wisdom they may consider necessary for thc immediate and total abolition of punishment by death . The proceedings throughout were most enthusiastic and unanimous , and not a single dissentient voice being heard amid the numerous assemblage that was _present ,
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' _^** _VrfWV' _^/ _1 / y , » -j . - ! ' - . .. _™*' _r-+ _** i + _* _+ _^ _+ _^ _+ _^^^^ , _^^ _+ _„ , _^ _SMj > _,, _* . , , . _^' _+ _ff _*„ ,. ¦ THE OREGON QUESTION . IMPORTANT . NE WS FROM THE UNITED
STATES . Liverpool , Tuesday , May 12 , — Important _account from Washington to the 21 st ult ., and from New York to the 23 rd inclusive , have been received this day by the packet ship Llrerpool , Captain Eklrioge . '• . ' _* ¦ - "We learn by these advices that the Oregon notice passed by the Senate had been amended by the House of _Representatives . The amended form was rejected by the Senate' then insisted' upon by the house , and , ultimately , committees of conference were appointed by the two houses to compromise thc dispute . The members of tbe Senate Committee were Messsrs . Bericn , Hay ward , aiid Cbrwin , _* those of the House Messr 3 . Ingersoll , Owen' and Hiiliard .
House op Representatives , Aram 17 . —The house proceeded to the consideration ofthe Senate resolutions of notice respecting the termination of thejoint convention respecting the Oregon territorv , and Mr . ltobert Dale Owen , of Indiana ( a son " of Robert Owen , tlie Socialist ) , moved two amendments to the Senate resolutions , which had been agreed upon at a caucus of the democratic members held last evening , The alterations proposed by these amendments are as follow * . —In the first resolution , at the close of it , after the word " earnestly , " strike out the words " and immediately directed to renewed efforts for the amicable settlement , " and insert "directed to tbe importance ofa speedy adjustment , " In thc
second resolution , after the words " That the President of the United States be , " strike out " and he is hereby authorised at his discretion , " and insert " authorised and requested . " Mr . Owen having offered these amendments , moved the previous question , which being sustained , cut off all debate , and brought the house at once to yote on the adoption of the amendments , which were carried by a vote of 99 Yeas to 87 Noes , so that a change of seven votes only would have reversed the decision . The resolutions , as thus amended , wore adopted by 144 = Yeas , 41 Noes . On tlie first vote there were 30 members absent ; on the second , 37 . The resolutions , with the phraseology used by tlie Senate , and the amendments ofthe house , in parallel columns , are as follows ;—
"Resolved , & c . —That by the Convention concluded the 20 th day of October , 1818 , between tho United States of America and ihe King Of the Unitvd Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , for the period of ten years , aud afterwards indefinitely extended and continued in force by another Convention of the same parties , concluded the 6 th day of August , in the _yrar of our Lord 1827 , itwas agreed that any country that may be claimed by either party on the north-west coast of America , westward of the Stony-or Kocky mountains , no w commonly called the Oregon territory , should , together with its harbours , bays , and creeks , and the navigation of all rivers within the same , be ' free and open * to the vessels , citizens , and subjects of tha two Powers , but without prpjuilico ta any claim which either of the parties might hare to any part ofthe said country ; and with this
further provision , in the second article of the said Convention of the 6 _tU of August , 1827 , that either party might abrogate and annul the said Convention , on _giring notice of tirelve months to the other . contracting parly;—that it has now become desirable that the respective claims of the United States and Great Britain should bo definitively settled and that said territory may no longer than need be remain subject to the evil consequences of the divided allegiance of its American and British population , and of the confusion and conflict of national jurisdictions , daugerous to be cherished peace and good understanding of the two countries ,, and , therefore that steps be taken for the abrogation of the said Convention of the 6 th of August , 1 S 27 , in the mode prescribed in its second article , and that the attention of the Government of both countries may be the more
earnestly ( Senate "Resolution . ) , ( _iloosE Amendment . ) and immediately directed : directed to th _» importance to renewed efforts for the of a speedy adjustment of amicable settlement of all all their differences and their differences and - dis- disputes in _respi-ct to said putes in respect to said tir- territory _, ritory . "And be it further re . "Sec , 2 , And be it fursolved , that the President _tlier resolved , that thc Preof the United States be , and sident of the United States he is hereby authorised , at be authorised and requested his discretion , to give to tlie to give to the British Go-British Government tbe no- vernment the notice rttice required by its said quired by its said second second article for the ab- - article for the abrogation of rogation of the said Con " , the said Convention of the vention of the Gth of August , Cth of August , 1 S 27 . " 1827 . "
Washington , Arnii- 20 th .- ~ The Senate has to-day refused to concur in the amendments ofthe House of Representatives to their resolutions respecting the 12 months notice . The vote was 22 in favour of concurring in the amendments and 29 against . Unless , therefore , the house recede from its amendments , no notice will be given this session of Congress . April 21 . —Mr . Allen moved that the Senate recede from its disajireementto the amendments ofthe ilouse of Representatives , but the Senate refused by avoteofol to 20 . On the IStb ult . the Oregon Occupation Bill passed the ilouse of Representatives ; Ayes , 103 ; Nays , 4 G .
Tue CnARGES against Mr . Webster arc reported to have fallen into universal discredit . On the 20 tii ult . a message was received from the President , in the house , in response to the resolution calling for the accounts of the disbursement of the secret . service fund , which Mr . Webster was accused of having appropriated in part to his own use , and in part applied to improper purposes . The President refused to send the accounts' vouchers , and replied that by a law of 1810 this fund had been used by the President , upon his certificate only , without any account or statement of the object ; that the amount used
during Mr . Webster ' s administration of the State " Department was only 5 , 169 dollars : that . he could send President Tyler ' s certificates , upon whicli the money was drawn , but that they ; would furnish no means whatever of judging of the propriety of tlie expenditure , or even of its objects . In a case of impeachment a committee . could examine the-confidential papers , but the executive would not , upon any light occasion , allow tiiem . to be published , for it would destroy tlie object of the fund , lie had not yet used any of the fund , but should not hesitate to do it . it * occasion required . No President would use thc fund except in extreme cases .
Mr . Ingersoll then alleged that Mr Webster proposed a special mission to settle the Oregon question and make a commercial treaty . Mr . Webster had denied tbis , and Mr . Adams , being appealed to declared as chairman at the time of the Committee on Foreign Ailairs , that Mr . _Ingersoll ' s allegations were uttirly untruo and unfounded . _Sumous Riots took place at Brooklyn on the 20 th ult-, . and following days , in consequence of the Irish labourers having struck for an advance of wages . The nten assembled ' in large numbers , and the military had to be called out , and were , according to the last advices , actively engaged in quelling thc disturbances .
Pukisument Of Death In America, — Accord...
_Pukisument of Death in America , — According to the last received New York papers , Mr . Titus of that City , had just reported , from the proper committee , a bill to abolish capital _punishment , lt is as follows :
" AN ACT 10 ABOLISH _CAHTAT . rUKISIIMBNT . " Thepeople of the State of New York , represented in Senate and Assembly , do enact as follows : — " 1 . The punishment of death is hereby abolished , and in lieu thereof , any person convicted of any crime which , by the laws of the State now in force , is punishable with death , shall be confined in the State Prison , in solitude , and at hard labour , for the period of his or her natural life . " 2 . This Act shall _ta"ke effect on the first day of January next . _ [ The Bill is a pattern for brevity : somewhat different therein from some of our Acts , ]
MR . _WOCKnAGENIKDEWECMTNIGENSTORBE _}' felldoWll stairs the other day , aud broke his name into three pieces .- _^ Boston Post . —And we think it was very cruel in you to put such a name together again . —N . Y . Com . Adv—We didn't ; it was regularly set and splintered by an eminent practitioner , who declared it to be a most beautiful case of compound fracture . — Boston Post .
Novel Way Op Cineuxatino News.—The Figar...
Novel Way op CineuxATiNo News . —The Figaro of Berlin , says a German journal , not wishing to get into trouble by the publication of a piece of scandal , lately inserted the following notice : — "A terrible piece of news for M . , director of —— , is now in circulation . As wc cannot publish it without danger to ourselves , anil as the public ought however to be informed of its purport , we have given orders to our porter to relate in all its details the said intelligence to whatever persons may think fit to make inquiries . We pledge ourselves that the details arc all corroct . " This article not having received the authorisation ol the censorship , the journal lias been cited before the Criminal Tribunal . Tho person alluded tohowevcr had been already dismissed from ollice .
The Ice op the Neva broke up on the , _nis _* ht of thc 10 th ult . and in the afternoon ofthe ll . th had become so far cleared away , that the governor of tho fortress of St . Peterebiirgh crossed tho rivei * in a boat under a salvo of artillery , announcing tliat the navigation was again open . The river has this season been impassable for _' only 117 days , being not more than 14 days longer than the Shortest period within the last ! 127 years .
Novel Way Op Cineuxatino News.—The Figar...
AMERICAN WORKING-MEN'S . MX ) VEJVt : ENT . „ EMANCIPATION OF LABOUR AND THE V LAND . We have reeeived copies of Young America , to the 11 th of April _inclusive , each number . contaiiiinja cheering reports of the progress of the" Agrarian movement . In the " Anti-Rent Region , " ihe principles , of the New York reformers are malting _ereat progress . In Pennsylvania the movement progresses admirably . A daily journal , entitled the Daily -tys patch , published at Pittsburgh , having a circulation ot 3000 , has declared for the freedom of the public
lanus . in i'liiladelplua an Agrarian paper is about lo be established . In Indiana the movement is gaining ground . Among other places ( in Indiana ) an Agrarian society has been established at New Harmony . During the first two weeks of April , meetings were of nightly occurrence in New York , and an entire column of Young America is each week devoted to announce acts of " Forthcoming Meetings . " We recently announced that Mr . Ransom _Sst / th had declined the _hot-our of nomination for the mayorship of New York , on a second solicitation he was , however , induced to accept the call of the reformers .
At the meeting of the Assoeiation on the 1 st of April , amongst several new members enrolled was a Mi * . Join * Goiton Smith , an ex-member of the legislature of Connecticut , and a former governor of that _atatc . Young America of April 4 tli contains the iirsf- of the "No Vote ! ; No Musket ! " letters addressed' by Feargus O'Connor , Esq . to the British Chait \ 3 ts , accompanied with the following excellent editorial remarks : —
HO LAND ; NO EIFEE I It is lucky that we hnve soino men in Congress who * : a , * i keep up with the intslligsncc of the age and the _progress of common sense , and who therefore can see that it is too late in this _country for ambitious men to acquire power by compelling landless men to lose their limbs or tlieir lives in fighting for landlords , War , the game of I _? ing _» and _tjrants , could be playud as long as there wns one man in a nation to assart thut the working people were not bom to he landless slaves ; but the game is now up Thc free soil doctrine is spreading with almost telcgrahic speed in Europe and America ; and what impudent demncoirue hereafter will have tho face t & ask men who
_fciioio they are robbed of their _denrest right , tr _> fight the battles of tlieir plunderers ? Let tliose who would fan the flames of war for the benefit of laud thieves beware of the vengeance of those who see freedom _aliead , should they be the means of despoiling the glorious prospect . Mr . Benton is not one of these . Again ho has raised his voice for peace . Again he has shown , and thut by new evidence , that according to the humbug laws and treaties of nations up to this tinio acknowledged by the two governments , an adjustment of the Oregon dispute ought to he settled on the 4 ! Hh parallel . In this he has evinced true courage which it would be well for his opponents to imitate by abandoning their bravadoes .
By an article on the lust page to-day , it will be seen that the masses of England have raised the cry of "No Vote , no Musket 1 " The first thing the pimple of England would do with the vote it * they got it , wcmUi be to vote theinselves a farm- on their own soil . Therefore the _inierpretolton of their present rallying cry is ,. " No Land , no Musket ! " and that , our own war dogs . may rest assured , would bo the cry of the landless here if they should succeed in their designs . Land-lords hereafter may fight their own battles , and the landless will not he idle while they are carrying on their game . Passing over for the present a mass of interesting matter , articles , addresses , letters , reso ' ufcior _. s , & c ., some of which we may hereafter extract , we proceed at once to state something of the
GREAT MEETING IN THE PARK AT NEW YORK OF MANY THOUSANDS OF _LACKbANDBUS DETER . MINED 'CO HAVE THE LAND . This most important meeting took place on Thursday , April ' 9 th , and will long be remembered as the first great demonstration of the American _peo--lein support of a true Republic . We give Young Amer ica ' s account of this important gathering : —
MASS . MEETING FOR A _FKiSE _. SOn _* ,, Never was I so much at a loss for words as now , in desiring to notice appropriately the great meeting in tlio park on Thursday , in favour of a lauded democracy . To say that the meeting was a highly interesting and important one , tvould be doing small justice to the _subject : to aver that a peaceful meeting pregnant with consequences , so important and beneficial to the human race , was never before held since the dawn uf Civilisation , I think would not exceed the truth . \ Yliat took _Illacc in Italy , when the people of that country wore
eudeavouruig to regain their foutholtl upou the earth , it is impossible to tell ; for when we see our own movements and doctrines so misrepresented here under our own eyes , it is easy to conceive , through aid of the clue _.-. _fibi-ded us hy the " romiince of history , " that the Free * 3 oil principle was as well understood , and as clearly enunciated , by the Plebeians of Rome as hy the National Reformers of New York . Since those days , however , if there ever has been so large a meeting , in any country , as that held in the P _.-, rU on Thursday , for the express purpose of placing the rights uf a people on the only secure and eternal basis of a Free Soil , history is entirely silent us to the event .
It was not , however , the numbers present at this meet _, ing , so much as the distinctive character of the assent _, blage _, and the fact that the people present came on pur . pose to consider tbe subject of a landed _democracy , thai gave it importance . The object of tlte meeting was dis . tiuctly stated in the Mammoth handbills , GOO of which were posted in all parts of the city , and in advertisements in most of the city papers , and the result was a convocation of the most intelligent and thoughtful of the useful classes of this overgrown metropolis . At half-past four the meeting was called to order hy Henry Beeny , who nominated the President . Benjamin Perkins nominated a Vise President for each ward , and William Arbuthnot npminated Secretaries . Tho following officers were chosen on the respective motions : — PaESiDENT—JOHN _COMMEUFOllD . ' Vice-Presidents .
1 . William Green . 10 . Henry "Drelier . -i , John W . Keyeser . 11 . George Arnold , 3 . William Howe . 12 . George Wiudt . i . Charles B . Burton . 13 . Israel Peck . 5 . Samuel Webster , 14 . Andrew Potter . G , Daniel Oakley . ID . William Mann . 7 . S .-linuel M . _Jiint'S . 10 . Daniel _Dilancy . 8 . Jonas'R . Uruer . 17 . Williaiii Marston . 9 . David Marsh . IS . John-Do La Montanye . _Si-caATAiuEs—Gilbert Vale , jun ., Robert Trousdale , Nicholas Tallman , Ilarman Kroel . The President stated tho object of the meeting , and then called upon Mr . Ryeknmn _, who gave his views more at length , and very much to ( lie purpose , . The Fnsident then _annouuet-d that Mr . Evans , from the Committee of the Katioiml Reform Association , would '" read an address and resolutions , which he ( lid as follows ;—ADDRESS .
The Committee of the NATIONAL REFORM ASSOCIAT 10 N beg leave to report to their _fellow-citizeiis—Tliat in their opinions a highly important crisis has arrived in the history of our government , a crisis fraught with the most serious consequences to the welfare ofthe people of the present and future generations . The glorious revolution of ' 7 (> developed new truths in the science of civilized government and asserted for the people rights never before ( so far as history informs us ) asserted under such favourable auspices , as to popular iutcllnrence , territory , and other circumstances . But some most essential rights so asserted are yet only in prospect . Therefore tlio revolution is not completed . Wc huvo thrown oft * foreign rulers , hut have retained foreign systems . "We have assumed the right to govern
ourselves , but we have not yet governed justly . Wo have declared an equality of sights , but we hare not practised upon the declaration . Strange though it may seem , it is 110 less true than strange , tliat we have mistaken Slavery for Freedom . Let it now nnd henceforth be proclaimed to thc world , that thero ean be no freedom where any aiiin is coerced by any sort of force or necessity to labour for another ; that to be free , a man must have a sovereign _and inalienable right to soil enough to subsist upon . "We assert , then , the EQUAL ItlGHT OF MAN TO THE SOIL , and DEMAND its restoration to tho people . "We ask that all the people may possess equal rights , in practice as well as theory , in order that all may have the best possible opportunity for the pursuit of hap . piness . Wo demand a free soil for a free people .
In all nations where a monopoly of the soil has existed , no matter what the form of government , the mass of the people have been held in slavish dependence hy the few . Seventy years experience has shown us that a government , never so republican in other respects , is powerless to secure freedom to a people amoitg whom a . Monopoly of the soil is tolerated . " We might refer to the islands of Guernsey and Jersey , tO _TvTQl | to Norway , to Spain , and to franco , fox-evidence that the nearer thc approach to an _eoual right to the Boil among a people , the better and more independent is the condition of that people ; and io Russia nnd to England for evidence , on the other baud , that the _iewer hands the laild IS SH the more wretched is the condition of the labouring classes . But we need not ieave onr 0 W _11 country for testimony on this subject . Tho monstrous , the glaring anomaly here stares us in the face through _, out our land , that the condition of the working people becomes move and more depressed in _c-xaot ratio with the
progress of invention , improvement , and the means of production . In Oregon , for instance , with the least of those advantages , labour is best paid , because there the people ( at present ) havo the land ; while in New York , where industrial improvements has been earned to the greatest extent , here the workers aro most depressed , because the greatest proportion Of tlio people are landless . Thus the plain and simple solution ofthe tlillieulty which has prevented some of our politicians from fulfilling their promises and realising their expectations when they would , and others , perhaps , from doing what they could ,
is LAND MONOPOLY . In various ages aud nations the Right to the Soil has been asserted by wise men ; hut generally when the people became powerless through a monopoly of gradual growth . Lycurgus partially established the principle iu Greece : the _Cjracchl made an un & ucessM utUmpt to
Novel Way Op Cineuxatino News.—The Figar...
establish it in Rome ; Sp : S « ice asserted it , in England fl t Faine aud others in France ; J ' _ffersf-n and Skidmore mini America . : There is more or _les- " of S ° V * ** 'hut _thestst . neiihave done and _n-i'ltienfor'i » oSoiL ' and il iv _° ! , ldldl bo strange if we eould not profit 1 ' i . V e , _* d improve ¦ _upoiwn their hbours . Never , _pu-haps , was there _fc" ° K ¦ "" "P _* _Ppurtunify of pca «« ably restoring the Soil to th * _Fi-vple asisi now exists in this infant Republic . Sever , iu fact ,- w \ isis there so good an opportunity for establishing Ihe IlKPOIU . Lie , for a _Rtpublie can no more exist with ft . La-. deiH Aristocracy than a Monarchy can exht without <>»<• ' Letot the ItightofSi . il be _uswteU , then , till the whole--worjdd shall be regenerated by tHe _all-saving principle _. If any one principle can- regenerate a world , it 18 _Sikfe t ofa Free Soil . It is the _downfall of " Despotism . It _;»* insure basis for a Republic . It solves ths great _sociaii _* problem , how to make _individ-aal coinciiUnt wilh a _na--, _--tional _prosperity . Ours , then ,-be the glory of establish- - ing a Landed _Domoci-iiry _,
Here follow quotations front si number of ( locu- - ments showing the progress of i _' _l'eo Soil principles 8 from-1829 to tJic present time . TliC « e q « r > t _,- ' & iofts , ' , extending over two columns of Yovvg America , _iv-mld 1 occupy moro room thar , we hnvo u > s \ n \ _n-r . Ai ' lev i < _^ ivini ; these quotations the " Address" _proceed and 1 concludes as follows : — Thus the Free Soil doctrine is a _prosfjessive _principle : a living and growing fact : and the measures necessary _, - to Us final triumph are simple , pi' _.-iciiun ' , and well defined ,, « Stop selling , the Public Lauds , let the < _= tnte and the _uatfotlii _lis-nit the amount ofthe land that any one may hence- " forth acquire , secure the inviolability of the Uomest _. ' _-auV ¦ - and the work is done : you have established ihc Ki _.-pub'ic _* ' ¦ on tho _uniinpresnnble bas ' _3 of a _LAii'DHV ) DKM _00- ¦ RACY .
Well had it been tor thcRcpubltc if our Legislators hadlistened to the first call on this subject ; well had they ' even Installed _nhen Jackson spoke . The State-of yew York might have been spared the d _.-n _k-.-ht uhaptev of- tioir _* history . The nation might now have iieeii more surely unimpregnable to-thc world , and instead of the chance of fighting tor _Oregon , the _COSTf-VErTf might have been ours without striking a blow . Let us delay no longer ' the establishment ofa Landed Democracy . _^ We will scfser no longer _tictay . Already the land 1 _stUled , tho workships are lilled , the mines urn wrought ; .
and the ships are navigated by I _. _A-XDLKSS MEN , who-I have scarcely a chance of escape from servitude , aud whose _children must inevitably be what the ehiUri n of - labour in Eiisluwl iuonow ! Alrer . dy is the agricultural _, population _seatSei-ed and the nK _> eii ! i & ie . ' , _U'roii'di'd in cities ' that capital may monopolize thc rondw and suddle theproducers with > $ unts ; Disre _^ _ar'iiiitf the warning voice of a Jeilerson . iw havo * ' become piled np- in large cities as in Europe , " andgone " to eating oiv- another as they do there , " Our duty to onr child * ' ! ' !) _euif-9 aloud for _liG- . formation . We must put an end to the-Landed Aristae- racy and save thc Republic ,
The present system enables the rich to-absorb the proceeds of labour _tlii-oa ; _. _-li rt-nts and _tni'rtiiiiaes . Let eaeh family have one _nonicsit-nd -mil no snort-, and let all tho surplus land beheld by the _people-1-hr tho < _e coming of age , _Xo longer then will there he ittits or mortgages . Under our present system the workers hr . ve but to receive with one hand lrom _an-employtir und p _^ y over with the other to a landlord . Let them be tlviiv own employers and their own landlords , awl save a double t : _>\ -, Under the system we propose , _employingt _' armers would secure freeholds fur all their chUilreii _, which- not one in ten of them can do now ; wages farmers would _lw enabled to set up for themselves on their nun _freeiioiils as soon as they could procure the necessary stock mid materials :
mechanics would get out ot tho cities instead of crowding into them ) til ! all culd have their freeholds both in aud out ; men who work underground in the mines- would have belter p _« y oi _> thoy would stay upon the surface ; seamen would have better pay , Lett , r treatment , and better accommodations , or ihey would stay on shore- no h . iwer would men enter a Navy or Army to be ordered about _byofiietr ? not of their o « n _choosing ; and the rich , who now squander the proceeds of others'" labour , though deprived of some of their lu . _vut'i _' s , would ii ; id it a greater luxury to con-uvne the product's of their own labour , and would find tlieir advantage in the general weal , and in the security of a _competenei-, instead of the chance-of _sup-. _i-fluiiiw . A LANDED DEMOCRACY then , now and for ever !
SE 30 LETI 033 . Resolved , —That with the facts staring them in thc face of gradually detrca .-ii'g means amour the pi wincing classes , in _proportion to the _increase of tin- powers oi production through their own ingenuity , it is disgraceful to legislators that they have not discovered a remedy for a wrong so palpable . Resolved , —That where _tlurt ; are large prisons and poor houses In a country that has t ' eitii . _e laud uncultivated , they are an evidence of misgoverniuviit _. Resolved , —That if all men have an ' nalieiialile right io lite , liberty , and tho pursuit _;<; f happiness , as We firmly _bolicvu they have , it must bs that they iin . w- an Inalienable right to use the earth , without which life cannot be sustained , liberty preserved , or happiness enjoyed ! therefore no man , or set of men , ought to be allowed to monopolize hereafter more ofthe soil than could be possessed by every citizen who desired it .
Resolved , —That the land of the world belongs to-the people of the world , and that no govivnu _. ent has u right to do anything with the land but to secure it for the equal use of its citizens ; therefore , not another acre of the public lauds of tlie United States might to he > old or appropriated to any other use whatever than the _sustenauce of freeholders . Resolved , —That here ifter we will consider all legislators who uphold land monopoly or neglect to use :: Ii their powers to abolish it as robbers far inure culpable than plunderers of moveable property . Resolved , —That as laud traffic is productive of destitution , misery , und crime , we must hereafter re _^ j _, rd any man who buys hind for any other purpose than his own or his _lismi'y ' s cultivation as a ianc _* -ste ; :. ' er .
. Resolved , —That land monopoly is thcgreatist |< r , litica evil that exists iu any civilized couiitiy ; that therefore the people of each country ought to limit the amount of land to be held by individuals , aud that it is tins duty of " the United States to set an example to the nations . He-solved , —That it is the proper business o'f government to _secure and protect the natural rights of the people ; .-md as the right to the soil is the right of whieh the largest portion of the people arc now deprived , it should be the first business of tlie coming Constitutional Convention of New York to secure that i _ig-lit , so far , at _letvit , as it may he done by preventing any future _m-jnopoly . Resolved , —That the homestead of every family ought to be exempt from all liability for debt ( _-: s in Georgia aud Texas ) , anil _transferable only to a landless person . Resolved , —That we regard the working _lilun of t _' . lG world as our brethren , and their idle and luxurious taskmasters as our enemies .
Resolved , —That we abominate that game of . tyrants called war , and ihat befc _. re any citizen is called upon to tight he ought to be put in _possession of ft homestead for his family . Resolved , —That would foreign powers send tbeir la : tllords here to fight for Oregon , or for any other _purpose , WC might be _disposed to endeavour to rid the world of thoir loathe sonic presence ; but should they force ti . eir _laclilumLi-s here we _uould receive them us friends und invite them to take homesteads among us . Resolved , —That in view of the rapidly augmentingpauperism _ai _. d . crime consequent _nj-on our overstocked wages slave market , ivu consider thi- _govci'inneni < 4 this city intimately connected with the _i- ' ree Soil movement , and will therefore vote for Ransom Smith and James Maxwell , men _pledged to the principle , for Major and Alms House Commissioner , and for the Free Soil candidates for Charter Olliuers .
Resolved , —That we will use every tllort to elect pledged Free Soil de-legates to the Constitutional _d-iivention . Resolved , —That Thomas IL Benton , of the Ssnate of the United States , and Robert Smith , Ii . V , Ilerriek , Felix McCoumll , and Andrew _tlohit _^ on , of the House of . Representatives , are entitled to the respectful consideration of the landless and all liberal nun , for their efforts _, towards a Free Soil . While tho address was heing read the audience listened with the Utmost _attention , though many in the _outskirts , must have heard it imperfectly . Thc address and resolutions were put coUeciively and were adopted by a . unanimous and universal shout of Aye ; not even a whisper of dissent being heavd ou the negative .
The President then read and _olVei-ed a series of resobu . tions prepared by himself , _deura- ; : iing a wa ; uhout Oregon and approving of the conduct ofthe _congresymen , who have endeavoured to _uvM-tit ; _bU'in- ; off very neatly "Gen . _Wawkotoinawko _, " the Senatorial _aiid man and . culogizer of " France , its court and king ; " and _condemn-, ing the conduct of the Coventor and nit-nibers of tho Legislature from this city iu thecaso of Mike W ' ai .-h . _On : these resolutions lie made a long and e . \ _-i-, ; yeiit speech , at , the close of whieh the resolutions , which _wi-re » auil in themselves ( though covered iu part by trie resolutions ofthe committee , ) were put und carried , hut : > rc _ncctssariiy excluded by our limited _spj-ee , ; is w- « l as much othermutter rel-Uii iK more _innnediat-: lj _toi- _ie objects ofthe meeting ,
At this time tbe audience had besaw : so large ,, that it was thought best , to have a spiak- _'s at each end of the large platform prepared for ihc « _i'a-: ion _; and _«> a con-. siderable portion of thc _auiliimv-a _wi-vo oj _Cn-nnav . w i S in , oneof themspokein _thelan _^ _uu _p't-oi' that pe . \ .. le . Soon the audience became too laig _.- . sv . en for two speakers and a third commenced on thc 0 ' , _^ Uylj steps , ami irom this time till near thc close of -, Ue meeting a _s-uwi-Rsion Ot _gpeaki'i's was " Kept up in _U ) U three positions , vn h _division of the audience _alfcsj _. nately rending the air with shouts of applause , as th * Free Soil prospect , in i : s vari ous aspects , was opetiec ; to them .
The speakers , during the afternoon and evening were tho PresiiWt , _Jletsvs . Ji , yeUm : ni , O'Comiur , Kiiege , Bronson , _Trautwoln . _Rsnid , Evan . - , Drcher . Arnrld , Gould , _Mannings Kiles , "Merrill , Closer , ' / uegner , _a-sd perhaps others not rooollcctcil . Our reporter has notes of several of Ihe speeches , which I shall endeavour to give an abstract of next week , hut with no hope « f doingjustice to the truthful and _elocuiimt appeals made on this occasion , Tho pnper containing the promised abstract of tho speeches has not yet reached England . Hurrah for the Agrarian _Demccrats ! _Kine times nine i ' OV the i brave New "Y orkers !
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 16, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_16051846/page/7/
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