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V . n - \ -V . o ' THE NORTHERN STAR. De...
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TWENTY-FIFTH EMTlOX. _
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Wbick op A FuKsca Beio ep War—By tte Ire...
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LIVERPOOL ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE.
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Moxdat.—Tne rpectal commission of a-a'w ...
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TO THE MINERS OF NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURH...
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Barow Aldrr30n's Chargb. —Sir: I trust y...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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V . N - \ -V . O ' The Northern Star. De...
V . n - \ -V . o ' THE NORTHERN STAR . December i 6 , 1848 .
Twenty-Fifth Emtlox. _
TWENTY-FIFTH _EMTlOX . _
Ad00210
_llustraled by Twentj . six Anatomical _**&** - _*• — * ~ _Stfifil On Piysic-l . _DiwWe < _torLS . ' _GeWto « _Incapa _^ , and ImpedimertU U _fa _* TWv _£ , _„« orica tepM _? r n _? sILENT FRIEND ; ., * _t !* on ie _emusfion and phydcal decay of _meicid _wor * _" ™ _" _^ _cessiTe _Udolgence , theconsetto _, 5 _^ _HnrMti 0 _ft or ti _^ _ven « -of _^« _non j O d etete __ _^ _^^ i _j . _^ T , t * ? _^ tif _alustrated by twenty-six colour ed _en-^ _^ ° _ X _£ _edltJ of caLs . By Ji . and L . t _^ _rVaCc .. _" . _Br-neerMtreet , _Oxford-street , Lon . _iS . Pa WUhcdby theanthow , snd sold by Str _* nE e , 21 , _fEJSSw _' _««"""* 63 * _wd Sanger , 150 Oxford . _ _£% ?• Sterfe , & _Tichberne-street , _Hajmarket ; and c «« lnn 1 * 6 . Leaeenhall-street , Londoa ; J . and R . ___ tZ _Btfd Co .. _Leithwalk , Edinburgh ; D . _Caapbell , ArS _^ street , Glaigow ; 3 . PriesUy , Lord-ttrcet , nnd T . _jfewton , C & _wsU-street , Kverpool * R . H , Ingram , _^ _et-p laccManche _^ r _
Ad00211
FAMED THROUGHOUT THE 6 L 0 BE . _HOLLOWATS pills . A CASE OP DROPSY . Extract ofa Letter from Mr William _Sardaer , of Hanging Haughton , Sor _taanptonsture , dated September Uth , 1 S _47 . To Professor Holloway . Sir , —I before informed you that my wife had been tapped tires < Mnes for the dropsy , but by the blessing of God npon your pills , and her perseverance in taking them , the water has now been kept off eighteen months by their _Jieana , which is a great mercy , ( Signed ) Wzluau Gasske * .
Wbick Op A Fuksca Beio Ep War—By Tte Ire...
_Wbick op A _FuKsca Beio ep War—By tte Irench T _« 8 el Jose , arrived at Havre from Monte 2 _fe J ?* l t ? _- lf > i \ on th _S * _ * of Oot ' * _•«•«* that the Frenoh bng-of war Pandour had beea lot with almost all handa on board , A few of the crew aucoeeded ia taring themselves . ine crew Rough _jutoR-udt—A yean * girl , _arresfed in _Pfaxiadtfphi * at night urunfc , refused to give ant other nam- * than t _ yx of _ftougb . and Ready' __»_ ante that appellation was committed « a vl % __ t Th «[ Recorderahip of Norwich , an office _whichwaa _weeaUy _vacated a so sudden and horrible a manner by the ) murder of Mr Jermy , haa been Riven ta m _* _rieadernatoftbANorfouiCuxuiiL K _WMr
Ad00212
y _^ _^~ _^ _n _\ - THB . B . BST // - _&*&* Vs . MBD _^ ' This medicine has been _hefere the B _* iti * h ? nhBcj « aly a few years , and perhaps inthe annals of the world was never seen success equal to their progress tkeTirtaes of this Medicine were at _oaee _ackaowteiged « herev « r tried , and _JwremsmeTidation followed recomroenda « on ; nnndredshadso _« ntoackiKiwIed _« thatPA » _sLlire' _^* {| . | J _* wved them , and were loud in theirpraise . _Pf _^ _K ™ f f « tsthatw < rre continually brought before the reuWicat
Liverpool Assize Intelligence.
LIVERPOOL ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE .
Moxdat.—Tne Rpectal Commission Of A-A'W ...
Moxdat . —Tne rpectal commission of a-a ' w for this county commenced here to day before Mr Baron Alderson snd Mr Justice Erie . There were no less _ttun 158 prisoners for trial , sixty . five of whom were oharged with _conspiraey and sedition . Mr Baron Alderson having delivered his charge to the grand jury , proceeded to try the ordinary caeca inthe ca _' eiidar .
[ Before Mr Justice Erie . ] CIKfPinACr AHD SKDITIOK AT LTVKBFOOL . Francis O'Donnell , 29 Joseph Cuddy , 32 , Matthew _Sorrers , 23 . Robert Hopper , 22 , Edward Morpby . 20 Xiroes O'BrioD ; 22 , Martin _Boshiif , ( nut on bail ) , Peter _HetbeetDslauiTe _, ( wt on baii ) , _George Smitb , ( out on bail ) , and J Ames West ( out on bail ) , were charged with conspiracy at Liverpool . There were eleven counts in the indictment . The first count charted the prisoners with _procuring and sending arms to Ireland , to be need is a breach of the peace , and in opposing the execution of the laws , and for tbe purpose of insurrection acd tumulr . The second _csunt charged them with procuring arms , with intent ti send them to Ireland . The third
oouut to aid and assist conspiracy in Ireland generally . The fourth count charged them with au intent to raise insurrection in England , and to arm , and procure arms fer themselves , and cause others to do bo , for the purpose of obstructing the execution of tho laws and the preservation rf ( be peace . Th _? fifth count , to incite ethers to rai 69 insurrection in England , and to aro , aad procure aims , for the purpose of obstructing tie laws . Tbe sixth and seventh counts were similar to some of the prec ding , with some technical difference . The eight count charged the prisoners with inducing persons to form clubs , to create terror and _dishff-clion . The ninth , to form clubs to arm ; the temh , to form illegal clubs ; asd the eleventh to riot Bid Jen war .
The Attorney General ( Sir Jobn Jervis ) , the < U torney G . _ce-al for tbe Coanty Palatke ( Mr Kaowles , Q . C . ) . Mr _welsby ( -pecia _. ly retained ) . Mr Conpten , and Mr Pa » ett , appeared fur tbe Crown ; Mr Pollock and Mr Simon defended O'Donnell , Cuddy , Somers , Hopper , and Murphy . Mr Tindal Atkimoi defended O'Brien ; Mr James , _Biahi'l ; Mr Segar , _JX-iamere _, snd Mr Dearsley and Mr Aspinall , Smith , On behalf of the prisoners _defended by Mr Polleck , _tbelearfied connsel applied for _tberemiBsirn of the fees , on the ground tf their poverty , and of tbe trials being postponed at the last _ateizra against tbe with of tbe prisoners . The Attorney General fer the Count ** Palatine , objected to the application , acd denied that the Crown had etood in the way of tbs cases being tried atthe _lasta-s ' _z-s .
Affidavits in support of tbe statement made by the learned counsel for tbe prisoners were ordered to be prepared . The Attorney General , in _rlating tha case , said that it deserved particular attention from its great importance , and more especially eo from tbe position of the prisoners , who had been the leaders in the late conspiracy , acd not the dopes of others , and upon whom , _Vcerefore _. if they were found guilty , the most severe punishment onght to follow ; The learned gentleman tben proceeded to tay that it would bs proved tbat tbe prisoners had _organised themselves to set fire to Liverpool if the Government would not grant the demands of the Irish , and referred to the appearance in Liverpool of Meagher , now convicted
of high treason . Meetings were held on tbe occasion of his visit to Liverpool , anct clubs formed calied the Emmett and the Mitchel clubs , certainly not names implying a peaceful agitation , for the purpose of assisting the Irish te obtain the Repeal of the Union . He then referred to the _fi-st meeting of the Repealers in Liverpool , in September last , when tho prisoners were present ; and he read from the minute-book at that meeting , of which tke authorities bad obtained _pos-es-ion . Ue also read from the minutes of subsequent meetings , one of whieh was to this effect—Dr Reynolds be requested to write an address to the French , and three cheers given for the French Republio . _Minutea of _sutmtquent _sif etin ° 8 spoke of the necessity of aiming . Somen
said petitioning was of bo use . M'Manus 'aid England was in a state of siege , and that the government did not know at what point the attack would commence . This w » _s * o , for in the early part of this conspiracy the government bad not the meass of knowing how the organisation was going on , or by what secret agency it was moved , h sppeared that M'Manus was continually writing to tbe _disaffected in Ireland , reporting the progress of the _organisation in Liverpool . The learned gentle man went on at considerable length to read from tbe minutes of the different meetings , which disclosed the arrangements made for _procuring arm ' , and the appointment of different sub-committees to cause their _s &' e acd distribution among the people . He
proceeded to describe the oontinued formation of clubs in Liverpool , and read _ex'raofs from the minute _books , some of which referred to the trial of Mitchel , acd described him as tbe champion of the people , and that Ihey would not allow him to be trampled upon ; and resolutions passei that they wonld woald submit to any orders which might be received from Ireland in the event of Mitchei ' s conviction . At another meeting it was resolved that no ore shonld ba considered eligible to serve on tbe e mmittee who could not satisfy tba _mttmbers of the club tbat be wan possessed of arms . Other resolutions and minutes disclosed tbe organisation , andthe manner in which tbe t-wn had been divided into dis _' ricts . The learned gentleman proceeded to state that no one could read the minutes of these
meetings without being struck with what wis intended , and that the constitution itself was in danger . He then said he wonld , in tbe next place , read from tbe speeches of tte prisoner-, one of which , delivered by Someis , was the most outrageous he bad ever yet had te bring before a court of jastice . Amongst other topics , the speaker asked his audience if they were resisted in Liverpool , and a massacre took place , what would they do ? The answer was' Moscow ' . ' Towards the close of bis speech Somers stated that he waa reminded of Warsaw iu _flataes _, andthatif the _government did not grant their
demands , the sky weuld bB reddened with this _Babylon ( Liverpool ) on fire . He then cited extracts from _speeches delivered by Dr Reynolds , who publicly advised the people to get pikes and guns . He also read from speeches of the othe r prisoners at _different meetings , in whieh the _conrictton of John Mitchel was alluded to in the most violent term ? , aud tbe people requested to arm for bis _rescoe In one of tbe speeches tbe speaker ebserved , amongst other things that Lord John _Rus-ell hsd made a tool of an apostate Attorney General , snd that it would give him great pleasure to see Lord John _Rutsell ' _a _hesd on tbe top ofa pike . Tho speaker then stated the prioe
Moxdat.—Tne Rpectal Commission Of A-A'W ...
at wbicb pikes could be had . The learned gentleman _referred to the arrest of eevoral of the prisoners , and to tha pikisand _fire-Rtms found in their possess-on . He mentioned the jourEey ot M'Mauus tb dreland from Liwrptwl , and the report which trot into circulation a lew days alter in Dublin , that Liverpool wasin flame * , and aleotbe report circulated at tbe same time , that the station at Thurles was on fire , and that the military had been _fceateq . There waa a , singula * coincidence in the two reports , which he thought proved it to be the result of a _previoue understanding among the conspirators , in order to distract the attention of government . It waa
immediately followed , as they all knew , by great excitement in the metropolis , and by the apprehension of several persons . The learned gentleman having concluded an address of nearly twe hours , Peter _M'Nally was examined by Mr Knowles , Q . C .: He said he was a policeman , and in Jul ) went to the house of tbe prisoner Murphy , in Peover Street , Liverpool , and made a searob . Murphy wae Bot tbere . In the bouse he found a book . [ One ot the minute books referred to by the Attorney General was here identified by the witness . ] Inspector _Haynes denoted to a gun being taken from the house of tbe prisoner Murphy , and to re ceiving the book spoken to by the last witness .
Charles Parkins , an inspeotor . deposed to finding a musket in the clock caso , and a _pikchead in the cupboard of thesame bouse . Witness also found some papers . [ The papets were here handed to tbe witness , and he identified thera . ] William Ktvel said he lived at No . 6 , Peover Street , in Liverpool . The house No . IC , belonged to him , and the prisoner Edward Murphy was the tenant . By Mr Pollock : Believed that the prisoner had lodgers living with him . Joseph _Banrow , an inspector of police ,
remembered Murphy coming to the police station on the 17 th of July for the gun . He aaid a book and something else had been taken ont of hiB house . He ap plied for both the book and the gun . Prisoner Baid tbe book belonged to a club of which ha was secretary . Withes ? then took him into custody . Oa their way to the main Brioewell , prisoner said he had been in Ireland and returned the day before . John Williams , a _shaper . residing in Liverpool , knew the prisoner Murphy . He was once in witness ' s employ . [ The minute book w » s banded to the witness . ] Could swear to diffc rent words in the book as the handwriting of tbe prisoner .
Will-am Hall called : Was a Liverpool merchant . Theprisoner Martin _Boshill was a clerk in his employ . The entries in tbe book from _psge _» 22 to 35 were principally Bo-hill's handwriting . Pates 45 to 92 _nere aho in hia b & _nlwritirg . Page 144 was a : to principally the prisoner ' s writing . By Mr James : _Boshill continued u clerk in witness's employ up to the present time , Was in Mr M'Kay ' s employment before he came tc _witnes . _-. He was a young man of a very good charaoter . lie was very attentive to business , whether witness was pre sent or absent .
R-. lph Harvey Thompson : WaB formerly a clerk ef Mr Terence Bellew M'Matiu ; . Was so up to the time of _M'Manua _' a leaving Liverpool , whioh was on a Monday night about the end of Jul ? . In page 16 of the book , he saw M'Manus ' 8 haod-tritiug . The 8 _« me handwriting was also in pages , 35 , 49 . and 92 . Knew the prisoner Mnrpby . He wss intimate with M'Manus . They had lodged together . Page 41 in tbe book was in Murphy ' s handwriting , also paces 45 and 67 , aad the signatures in 03 , 106 , and 110 . Know the prisoner Delamere . He was in tha employ ef Teyleure and Copley , coal merchants . He had before that been in the employ of Mr M'M . mu " . Pages 62 and 85 in the book were in his _handwriting Delamere wes in the habit of calling on M'Manus Dr Murphy , Dr Reynolds , and Smitb , were also in the habit of calling .
By Mr Segon : M'Manus is thirty-seven _ytvtt of age . He had been ia business seven or _. ' eight _yeats , Delamere is managing clerk at Tajleure _' _s . Ic was a responsible situation . By Mr Dearsley ; _Latterly South did not visit M'Manns . Mr _Deareley : did not Smith speak in condemnation of _M'ManuB ' aphysical force notions ? The Attorney General objeoted to the question . Thomas Staines knew Dr Reynolds , The witness identified Dr Reynolds ' s handwriting in the minutebooks . Ho aim identified the handwriting in the books ofthe prisoner , Dr O'Donnell , Thomas Fell , a shaper , in Liverpool , _identified some of tbe handwriting in the books as that of Patrick _O'Uanlon . Was acquainted with George Smith . Saw his signatures in pages 33 , 05 , and 83 A file of letters waa here handed to the witness , two of whioh he identified as the prisoner ' s handwriting .
Thomas Horley was in the employ of Turners acd Kiipin , joiners , in Liverpool . O'Brien was also in their employ . The witness swore to hia handwriting in the minute books . The Attorney General for the county palatine then proceeded to read in detail from the minute books found in the possession of the prisoners , and which had been referred to by the Attorney General in his opening address . Amongst the proceedings recorded was a protest against the Irish . Crime and Prevention Act . and a _speech against it by M'Manus and some ofthe prisoner * . Minutes of subsequent meetings deolared war to tbe Morning Chronicle , Times , Post , and the press generally Mr Knowlre was proceeding to read from the _minu'es , which detailed certain acta of Patrick Mnrpby , not now on his trial , when
Mr Pollock objected to tho book being received as evidence of conspiracy as against the prisoner Edward Murpby . H ! _s Lordship ruled that ihe evidence was admissible . Mr Knowles , in continuation from the minute books , read the farther _pioceedings ef the olubs and the _priaeaers , which embraced a moet voluminous account of the organisation effected , their general correspondence , the formation of the clubs , and tbe progress made in arming . Amongst the correspondence which the reading of the minutes disclosed , was that wbicb had taken place between tke various clubs in Liverpool and the Confederates in Dublin , and the suggestions made for a general organisation on the arrest of Martin , Duffy , and the other Irish prisoners . Several of the speakers , declared tbat tbe covenant between the people and the government was broken , and that they were without a
constitution . Letters fonnd in the possession ofthe prisoners were then read by the learned gentleman . One of them recommended that addresses should be sent to tbe people of France from all tbe large towns in England for their encouragement , aud in order to a _' . traotthe attention ofthe Ministers . Charles Alched waa then examined by Mr Crampton . He said he was a newspaper reporter , and on the 31 st of March last reported a speech at the Musio Hall , delivered by the prisoner Somen . The witness then read at length , from his notes , the speech in question . Tbe tenor of it wai to advise the people to arm , and that there were 50 . 000 people in Ireland ready to join them . The witness then deposed to a speech delivered by Dr Reynolds on the 7 th of April .
Simon Harker , a reporter , was next examined by Mr WeUby On the 7 ; h of April he attended a meeting , and heard Somers speak . By Mr Pollock : Would swear that the prisoner was the same person be saw at the _meeting . Examination _continued : The witness read frora his notes of the prisoner ' s speech . The "pi aker said they conld net face bristling bayonets witb sticks . He preferred a pike to a musket . He was no friend to the burning of warehouses . The prisoner , in continuation said , as he saw in imagination Warsaw in flimes before him , he oould tell the merchants of Liverpool , aad ataa the government , that fonr hours would not elapse after a massacre of his countrymen before the sky woald be reddened with the _Bibyloos of England , The witness then deposed to a speech delivered by Dr Reynolds , in which he Btated that he wai about to give up dealing in physic to deal in pike * . He then stated to the meeting the price at which he rould supply them with pikes .
By Mr Dearsley : When he went to the meeting , he understood tbat the resolutions to be pawed were Chartist resolutions . The meeting was an open one He had no difficulty in gaining admission . Mr Pollock : Were you present when a complaint was made by Dr _Reynolds to the polioe magistrate for havieg _taken possession of certain——The Attorney General : 1 objeot to the question . Mr Pollock contended tbat he had a tight to ask the question , as it was in consequence of arms having been foand iu posses-don of Dr Reynold * , that a charge of conspiracy was sought to be brought home to the prisoner , andthat the authorities had decided that he had a right to have the arms in hia possession . After a conversation between his Lordship , the Mtorney General , and Mr Pollock , _the _' _questioa was allowed to be put .
By Mr Pollock : Remembered Dr Reynolds complaining to Mr _Roshton that the police had taken arms sway from his store . Mr Rushton reprimanded the police . By the Attorney General : Mr _Rushton ' _s observations wereacoempaniedby a warning to Dr _Reynolds . Robert Roche , a reporter , was present at a meeting in Qaeen Square , on the 26 th of March . Mr Doheny was one of the speakers . He said he had been requested to come over to this country . He was then examined to prove speeches delivered on the 55 h of April by Mr Doheny and others . Objections were urged to the receipt of the evidence ; and the witness was directed to stand aside . —Povah , policeman , deposed to the presence of several of the prisoner * .
Mr Roche was recalled , and read Doheny ' s speech , calling npon the _meetirg to arm , to get _rihVs and pikes ; and afterwards a _speeebof Dr Reynolds of a similar charaoter . Witness was also present on the Uth of June at a meeting on the North Share . Hopper , . Somen , and Dr Reynolds were there . _Al'Leaa , the chairman , spoke first ; afterwards Jjnes sooke , and Dr Reynolds followed . The witness read Dr Reynolds ' s speech , which was denunciatory of
Moxdat.—Tne Rpectal Commission Of A-A'W ...
Lord J , Ru 8 sell ' sgovernment , the police , thelawar , d it * officers in general , _anetiir Which the speaker gloried in the defeat of ttw Englis _* j / -troops in India , and called upon the people to iorm _. olubs _* and to arm and organise themselves , sb they were doing in Ireland , where they did net intend to allow a morsel of thoir harvest to leave the land without fighting for it and concluded by stating that be bad been as seditious as be could , and defied the government to touch bim . Witness next lead a speech by Hopper , the oonduct
ono ofthe prisoners , _denouncing of covernrheht towards John Mitchel , and calling npon the meeting ti draw the sword . A _spe-ch bt Somers , _acouairfg the authorities of packing Mitchei ' s jury , and abusing the editor of the Jouiwaz . followed . ... The Attorney General here offered to produce tbe notice in the Albion of the proceedings before Mr Rushton in the case of Dr Reynolds ' s complaint ; but Mr Pollock withdrew the point he had intended to raise upon it .
—Jabez , policeman , attended a meeting on ths 6 th of June , in Circus Street , at which were several of the prisoners , and took notes of the _proceedings , which _consisted ot information as to tbe _fo-mation and arming of the oiube . Was present also at a meeting on tte 14 _' . h of June , at _BeviBgtoa Bush . The chairman wae named Parks , and the meeting was said to have beea called to form clubs . Hopper was _pree-en _* , and asked the meeting to visit his club in Birkenhead . They could defy the government . Ernest Jones was a _' _so present , and spoke in favour of forming clubs . The _witness alto deposed to the proceedings of a meeting in Circus Street , on the 22 c . d of Jane , at whioh Hopper and others were _present , when . violent insurrectionary speeches were delivered- ; and to . those of another meeting on the 7 th Ja > y , in Great Howard Street . This witness said thathe followed M'Manns to Ireland , and gave information at the Castle .
Cross examined by Mr Pollock as te his proficiency in _reporting , nnd how many speeches he reported in a night . _Witness stated that he _wasnot ' Xiroined en any of the cases before the _magistrate . Was present on Cuddy ' s caso , but was not examined . Hia deposition , signed by Mr Rushton , waB handed up to him ; when he explained tbat the depositions were drawn up in the _cleik'a ifh ' _ce _, and sworn before Mr R'js _' iton , but that he wai _never examined in the court . A difference was noticed by Mr Roebuck between the evidence t _* iven by witness as to the proceedings on the 6 th June , ana that stated in his depositions , which he aceount d for by saying that he spoke tbem from memory , the magistrate ' s olerk having b's notes .
Matthew Willcck , policeman , gave evidenoe of tbe _proceedings at the meeting in Circus Street , _wh'ch was very similar to that of tbe preceding witness , and also deposed to the proceedings at some other meetings-, _, Cross-examined by Mr Pollock as io bis practice and mode of reporting —Witness explained that his depositions were taken down in the magistrates ' _clerks ' _-room . His lordship interfered to prevent any inquiry wbioh might tend to throw b _' ame on the' mode of conducting the magisterial _bnsincss in Liverpool . Mr Pollock explained tbac his object was only to show that the prisoners might be damaged by their not having an opportunity of cross-examining tb » _witness * . The Attorney General showed tbat ssme of ihe witnesses had been cross-examined .
Henry Banner ( wbo was very ill ) krows Cuddy , and met Kim on the 22 nd of July , in Church Street , who asked him to cart ft few pikes fir bim . lie went with him to a baok yard , and held a sack , into which Cuddy put two _dozau or more pikes . At first he refused to hava anything to do with him . He went with him , however , by the back streets and along Bjrom Street , into Scotland Road , where both were taken into custody by Inspector Barrel' . _Crose-pxiroined . —Cnddy told tbe inspector that witness was only engaged by him . Mary Williams let tbe Baptist Chapel to Cuddy for f' _-ur nights , two in each week ; and subsequently _sionped theime'iagp , because she raw pikes then . His lordship , it being six o ' clock and a number of witnesses remaining to be examined for the Crown , adj _urced the Court until next morning . Tuesdat .
This case was than resumed , when the following evidence was called on behalf ofthe _prceeoution , Joseph Burrell , police-inspector , deposed , that in July last he stopped a man named Banner , employed by Cuddy , with a bag _containing _thirty-twe pikes iu his possession . Cuddy said the pikes belonged to bim , * tbat be had more of them , and on Tuesday he intended to send 100 of a similar kind to Waterford . On cross-examination he said he did not know that the instruments were boarding pikes . Thomas Hall , a police nffioer , said he knew that Rf _ynelds had a shop in Leeds street for the sale of pikes , knives , and other weapons . Ou the 16 th of
May he was direoted by Cuddy to come intothe shop , where he eaw cutlasses , guns , and pike ? , some of the pikes having handles from eight ta ten feet in length . Dr Reynolds was tbe proprietor of the shop , and _employed Cuddy as sale-map . Witness met Cuddy on tho llth of June , in Hatton Garden , and he said that _Rejnolda had gone to Manchester , as he had two _large orders for the supply of pikes to secret _societies in tbat town . In _onsi-fxamination by Mr P < l ' ook , the witness said be did not report the conversation with Cuddy to his inspector ; but , as he _wbh accidentally present at the _examination before the magistrates , he mentioned the circumstance .
Thomas Dickenson deposed , that last tummer Reynold * brought a number of gun * , pikes , tb ; ., to a stable in the neighbourhood of Pickup Sue it . He seemed to have the control of them , ae he came backwards and forwards . Lawrence Kohoe _, one of tho detective police , said , be went with the laat witness to the place in qaestion , where he foand _thirteen pike-heads , twenty _, thteo _ewirdkoives , twenty-two pike-shafts , and a bayonet . Several of the weapons were produced . In cross examination by Mr Pollock , the witne-a said he hsd beard these sword-knives were used in the West Indies ft r the purpose of cutting down the sugar canea , and that they were Btnt over in large quantities from Liverpool for that purpose , Edward Heywrod , a tool grinder , proved that he had ground pikea and cutlasses for Cuddy , and
the latter once said _jooularlr , in reply to a question as to wbat they were for , that they were to kill people with . ' Joha Slee deposed , that on the 25 th of July last he saw a boy _oarrvinc * a Bword in Hurst Street . He followed him to the house of O'Brien , where he was refused admission , but be broke open the door , and found iu a garret four pikes , three bayonets , and a knife of curious formation , with a hole , in which a shaft was to be introduced . He also found some gunpowder . In cross examination , the witness said that O'Brien told bim the owner ofthe room had goBe on * , and the things found there did not belong to bim . Joseph Aofccn produced a paper of gunpowder , and a box containing seven _packages of baii cart ridge ? , whioh he found in O'Brien ' s house . There were also found 500 percussion caps , forty or fifty balls , and ten _fliats .
William Bond deposed , that in April last he attended a Repeal club room in Hurst Street . Had ° e-n O'Brien there and heard bim speak . Iu one of his addresses he said , ' The government is based on a rotten _basi _" , and we are the boys who can bring it to the ground . The ball lies at your , feet , and it is yonr own fault If you don ' t kick it . ' There were some pikes near bim , in reference to which he remarked , — - 'These are the instruments which frightened the bloody Orange tribe in ' 9 S . ' One person advocated the necessity of peace , bat he was assailed with hisser . At one of the meetings O'Brien held up a pike , and intimated that' it would give him
great pleasure to see Graham's and _Ras-ieli ' _s heads upon Buch instruments as those . ' He added- — ' This is an Irish pike ; _perhapssomeof you have not seen one ;' and pa-sod one through tho room- He said ' pikes were »! ap . up government pills , ' and the price ranged from li 6 d to 2 j 61 eaoh . He added— 1 appeal to you all . _Wit _> you release that murdered man _Mitchal ? Purchase things like these , and use them ; then you will see ayain the ex'le of Erin . ' He wiahed the people to purchase tauskets , saying there were plenty to be has , with bayonets attached , for 12 . 61 each .
Mr Davidson , a cabinet-maker , said he formerly lived in Peover S treet , and his house overlooked that of Murphy . He _stw Murphy on the 2 ln of July with a pike in his hand . Joseph Bites , a _doteotive-polioe 'ffioer , deposed that on the 24 th of July last he went on bwd the Dablin steamer , when he saw M'Manus oome there in tbe company of D-lamere . He left the boat , and at the time thoy were both standing together . Frederiok Slater d -posed to letting a houie in Paradise Street to Mr Savage , from whom ( when he died ) Smythe became one of the executors , and remained in possession till the 28 th of June last . John Trig ? , a clerk , formerly employed at the Confederation rooms , Dublin , proved that two letters shown to him , one from _Boshell and the other from Smythe , wore reoeived by the Confederation , This was the whole of the evidenoe for the prosecution .
Mr Segar then addressed the jury on behalf of Delamere .- He referred more particularly to the good charaoter of the prisoner , and thought he was not a person likely to sympathise with those who advocated tbe carrying nut of their objects by other than peaceable find lawful means . Air James made an appeal on behalf of his client , Boshell . He read several extracts from ths book ef the association whioh had been produced , in order to show that the leading objects whieh the prisonera sought to obtain were legitimate subjects for discussion . He admitted that it flammatory language had been used by Dr Reynolds and other persons , but there was no evidence ta show that Boshell _oaunteuanoed any of his unlawful and dangerous proceedings . Under all the circumstances , and taking into consideration the good charaoter the prisoner had received from his employer , he thought thejury would be justified in his acquittal . Mr Dearsley addressed tbe jury for Smythe ,
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and contended that , though strong and exciting language had been used , _> and arms spoken of . there was no intention toB « ke use of them . He conceived there was nogroundfor coming to the co 3 o ! urioH that a conspiracy existed amongst tbe prisoners of the formidable and dangerous character which had been spoken of . Mr J Pollook defended , all the other prisoners exoept O'Brien , and , in a humorous speech , took a review of the evidenoe as it affeoted his clients . Ue contended that _though tho _prisoners had been found io the possession of arms , the rserefact of such a state of things did not constitute an illegal act . Every _Englishman had a right to have arms if he chose , so long as _thay were not used for an unlawful
purpoee , and there was no evidence to show that a resort to physical force was ever . intended . Everything had been done openly and publicly—there was no _reservation—the police and the reporters were admitted , nnd if anything illegal had baen going forward it was not likely such a course would have been pursued . A great deal bad bean Baid as to Dr Reynolds , who had fled to America , and whatever the intentions of that person might be , there is no reason why others should be visited with punishment on account ef his intemperate language . Tne learned Attorney General had alluded to Dr Reynolds as _having exhibited cowardice , in the hour of danger ; it might _, however , be the case , that Dr Reynolds oculd not stand his learned friend ' s eloquence , _though he
might be able to oppose himself against a regiment of soldiers ; and in so doing he ( Mr Pollook ) oould not but entertain a respeot for the good sense be had exhibited in not meeting tbe fire which would have assailed bim had he been present that day . He concluded hia address by calling on the jury to acquit his clients , who had not committed any aot that waa oppoied to the laws of their country . Mr H . T . Atkinson followed as council for O'Brien , and oalled for his acquittal on the ground that there was no evidence showing he was a party to any conspiracy suoh as that charged against the prisoners . Some applause followed the delivery of the addresses for the defence , which was speedily suppre _^ ecd by his Lordship , who intimated that there should be no such exhibitions in a court of justice .
Witnesses were called to the good characters of Delamere . Smythe , and O'Brien . The Attorney General then replied on the whole case , and snid , that if the _olassio coldness of former days , which his learned friend ( Mr Atkinson ) had la . mented had not accompanied tbe proceedings against the defendants , had accompanied it , hia ( Mr Atkinson s ) client would have found himself in a very different position ; for instead of being placed in that dock as a defendant on a oharge of misdemeanour , tho classic coldness of former days would have plaoed him on bis trial for high treason . Anybody bad a right to advocate Chartism or Repeal ; but it waa a strange time to advocate the Repeal of tbe 'Union wben England , having sufficient burdens of
her own , hsd generously relieved tbe _si'ter country by taking upon herself a burden of £ 12 , 000 , 000 of money . Were the defendants poor ?—No . Smythe , O'Donaell , _Dalamerr , snd Boshell were in good circumstances . Not suffering themselves , they assembled together these who were smarting under real grievances , and became leaders for the sake of popularity . It was denied by the counsel for any of the defendants that a dangerous conspiracy existed . Meagher came from Ireland in 1817 ; and in 1818 . when tbe French Revelution broke out , clubs were formed , and meetings held from time to time , and the minute book iu evidence proved the meetings . In February these meetings took a different character—the Chartist * and Confederates blended together in order to exoito terror and alarm in tbe
government , so that they might obtain , by force , what they oould not obtain by argument . They little knew the mettle of the men who formed the government . Liverpool was divided into distriota ; clubs wero formed , railed the Emmett , Mitchel , Felon , and Sarsficld clubs ; Dictor Reynolds abandoned his profession of a surgeon , and entered into what he called the ' ironmongery business' for the sale of pikes , muskets , and cutlasses , and the defendant Somers proclaimed at a meeting of 35 , 000 men , that if those men suffered who were in Dublin , the ' dying throes of the martyrs would be consoled by seeing the skies of heaven reddened by the btaze of the _Babylons of _England . ' The learned Attorney General then went through the evidence , applying it to the _defendants , as it affected each . After whieh the Court adjourned until the next
morning . THE MURDER AT ASHTON . A true bill was found by the grand jury against Jos . _Radcliff- * for tbe wilful murder ef James Bright , one of the ( fiicer 8 _--f the Ashton police force . The offence was alleged to have been committed during the recent Chartist riots in the town of Ashton . A true bill was also found against five other persons charged in the indiotment along with Radcliffe , for aiding and abetting . The Attorney General made an application to bave the case fixed , when his Lordship consented to take it on Thursday morning . The Attorney General intimated that at present it was his intention to proceed againBt Radcliffe , Constantino , and _Tassiker only for the murder , and untU the issue of tbat trial he would not be prepared to say what course he would par-tie witb regard to the other prisoners .
Mr Foiock _, who had bees engaged to defend tie prisoner Radcliffe . subsequently applied for a postponeBient of the trial , as he believed Sergeant Wilkics was retained for some of the other prisoner-. His Lordship said , tbat aa an arrangement had been made with the Attorney General he was in a position of _Bime difficulty . If he agreed with ithe might retard the business of the assizes whereas , if he objected , he might very likely be hekt up as the hard-hearted judge , as he had been in tbe London newspapers during the last few days , because he would not _depart from tbe ordinary course , by allowin ; the prisoner on his trial the use of a table and chair . He could not , however , grant the application . The case must come on in the order aa fixed . _Wbdsesdat .
This morning , at nine o ' clock , hia lordship proceeded to sum up to tbe jury . His lordship Baid , that there were eleven counts in theindiotment , the general effeot of which was , that tho prisoners bad conspired together to prevent tbe execution of the law iB Ireland , and to assist and aid tumult and insurrection there , and to procure arms to send there for tbat purpose ; and also tbat they conspired to raise tumults and breaches *> f the peaoe to prevcat the execution of the laws in England . If a number of _perooas conspire _together to effect an act criminal in ituelf , that is no doubt an illegal aot . Whether the defendant * ' intentions were to procure a repeal of the Union and for the Charter , or whether their iutenthns were against repeal and against the
Charter , was perfectly immaterial . The charge wae _coospiraoy , and evidence is not very often to be procured of tbe parties being heard or seen to conspire , but il they are shown to have pursued a line of conduct which , in the estimation of the jury , leads them ( the jury ) to tho conclusion that the parties indicted endeavoured to bring about a oommon purpose , that was sufficient evidence _toestabli-h the _conspiracy . The main facta in this oase were the speeches made by the defendants , or others in their company , of an inflammatory nature to large bodies of _peDple , which speeches wero adopted hy them , they at the time they were uttered not saying
_anything in opposition . Another branch of the evidenc * was the minute book of the society to wbich a large majority of the defendants _belonged , showing the course tbat went oo , the cr _^ _anisition ef tbo society , and tbe procuration of arm * . As soon as thejury were _satisfied tbat a conspiracy exi * ted , the aot of any one of the conspirators was the _t-ct of all , and thi speeches that might ba proved _againit one , would ba evidence against all . Did such a conspiracy as described iu the indictment exist ? His lordship then went through the whole of the evidence , as it applied to each of tha prisonera ; and having done so , left the case to thejury ; his lordship '*) gumming up having occupied two hours and a half .
_CONVlCrlON OP TUK PRISONERS . Tha jury retired for about an hour , when they returned bringing in a verdict of guilty _against all the defendants , with the exception of Peter Herbert Delamore , whom the ; arqiit ed . Mr Pollock , on behalf of the defendants , Murphy , O'Donnell , Hopper , Cuddy , and _Sjmere , then moved in arrest of judgment , lie con * ended that the indictment was bad , inasmuch as this being a charge of _miademeanoursomeof the counts amounted to charges
of high treason ; and it ' . fas a rule of law that a charge of felony and a charge which only amounted to a misdemeanour could not be joined together in tbe same indiotment . . Thejury were Bworn in a different manner in the one case from tho other , and besides , in oaaeaof treason , the prisoners we'e entitled to a copy of the indictment , which was not the oase in misdemeanour . It waa also a misjoinder of offences The eleventh count charged a conspiracy to levy war witb arms , &; . ; and he ( Mr Pollock ) _contended that that count _amounted to a _charge of high treason _.
Mr Simon , Mr Dearsley , and Mr Aspinall followed the same line of argument for their respective clients . Mr Justice Erla overruled the objeotion . and said he was bound to oonsider whether the counts contained charges of misdemeanour . He thought that the indictment was not vitiated , although overt aots oi high treason were alleged , The charge of conspiracy being the essential part in the indiotment , he did not think that the rest need be proved .
t j i . HK 8 BNT"Ji > cm . His Lordship then proceeded to pass Eentence upon the prisoner-. , and aaid that they had been con . vtotedof a crime oi great magnitude _Counael had _Sofbu'fhe , h _^ _J _»» Sf t . S _sav that 1 tb ? " _" ° « ther " ' althon _K _« Mt say tnat in the case of same of the nrisonera if amounted very nearly to high immm Thev _Lrf Stve J _2 SI _. Y f the _^ Worsfc _toBoription would flavebeooraerife , _e-pecially as murder r-, h fin , h . _*
i ; j 2 tS , » f _** ' « f « ome of them . There _harf _oaS lde I able d ! ff _« enoe between them , for some \ -i _pfe al _^ _7 i 0 le _? _^ e to lSge mob . hadnDrtafr . „ _l _them"tlDgB ' whUe others -if them nM not taken bo _oonspicuous a part . Upon Matthew
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Somers , Frami * O'D nnell , Robert Hopper , act ? _George _tfmythe . they having spoken and presided at * ome of the meetings , tbe sentence would be t ' a & t thoy be imprisoned and kept to hard labour , _( h the county gad of the county of _Lanosster , for two years ; at the end of that time to fin i _-uretiea to keen the peace for two years longer ; and _eao ' i to ba bound himself in £ 100 , and two sureties of £ 25 each . Upm Ma * tin Boshell ( who hadnevtr attended the meetings I _-nl Joseph Cuddy , the- sentence was , that tbe > y be _imprison ; d , with hard labour , in _thegiol at Kirkdale for one _yesr , and enter into their own _recogni-unces in £ 100 each for one year . The sentence upon James O'Brien was six months'hard labour ia the gaol of Kirkdale . And upon Edward Mnrpby tha _senteoce was , that he be imprisoned aud kept to hard labour fer tbree months , having been already imprisoned since the last assizes , whea he requested to he tried .
Delimere wag liberated at once . Smythe said—I am a man in business , and it haa not been muoh improved in consequence of thi * _prosecutinn . I wish , therefore , to know if I may correspond witb my wife in matters of business ? Mr Justice E-le—I cannot give you an answer to that application . By the Jaws of this conntry the _internal regulations of a gaol are vested in the resident authorities . a O'Brien , _aidressing his lordship , aaid*—I am sure , sir , I shall not be able to stand eix months of the Rao ) .
Mr _Atkincon—He haa beeu in delicate health , my lord , from the confinement he has already _snffereoT nt Kirkdale , and bis application is , that his place of _imprisonment may ba _chang'd to Lancaster Castle . Mr Justice Erie—Well , there iB no reason why thit should not be done . The prisoners were then removed from the dock . Murder or the Ashton _Policsmam . —In this casa Mr Pollock made a further application to the court ; tn have the trial postponed for an additional day , oa the ground that the prisonera were desirous to havo the services of Mr Sergeant Wilkins _, ' and it would be
impraotioable for that learned gentleman to be _brought here before Friday morning . —Tbe Attorney General ( Sir J Jervis ) acquiesced in the application , but remarked that he hoped that meetings simitar to the one held on the previous night , which was aa exceedingly violent one , would not be the result of the delay . Suoh matters immediately oame to his knowledga , and he wa $ in duty bound to take _copnisance of them . —His Lordship expressed a hope that those out of doors , professing to ba friends of the pri-Boners , would not damage th _^ ir cause by holding such _, meetings ponding the ttiil . —The trial waa then fixed for Friday morning ,
To The Miners Of Northumberland And Durh...
TO THE MINERS OF NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM . Fellow-Men . —In the late memorable and lengthened struggle , viz . tbe strike in J 844 , 1 , with many other people , was called upon to assist you , and I can only say tbat I did so to the utmost of ray power , which amounted upon the whole to a _considerable sum of money ; the delegates at each meeting guaranteeing to see roe paid when the strike ended . The strike ended different than what waa anticipated , and I am yet unpaid , hence the necessity of the present appeal for you to take the matter up , and by your numbers and small subscriptions , re-pay me the amount lent at that time .
Fellow-men , —Having waited until this time with a full assurance thai the organisation of the miners wou'd again be effected , and thereby establish a proper channel for the collection of the debt due to me and others , but from present appearances there is but s ight hopes of any effective organisation being broHght round , therefore I am constrained to appeal to you to take sueh steps as have been recommended by the vaiious parties to whom I have applied for advice and counsel in this matter . A short time ago I visited th ? following collieries
to ascertain the opinion of tbe leading men on eacb colliery , as follows ; viz .. Seghill , Old Craralington Seaton Dalevel , West Cramlington , and Bedlington . The above parties , who were more or less conversant of the affairs , have agreed that each raan on the several collieries contribute sixpence ; and that after the lapse of three months some person from each colliery shall meet at Newcastle and ascertain the amount subscribed and strike a fair balance , and _iia surplus , to determine the proper application of such surplus , and if a deficiency , to devise the best method of making up the same .
Fellow-men , —The above is a plain statement of facts , and the books can be shown for proof of the same , and they have been looked over by several parties of the above-named collieries ; therefore I feel conscious that you as a body of men ( for whose _advantage the money was lent , ) will not see me wrecked upon the stormy ocean of truth and justice , wben so small a sum as sixpence per man will amply suffice to reimburse me for all my out-goings and the money expended on your account . Fellow-men , —Although I hardly expect any
material objections to the payment of so small a sum , for so just a purpose , yet in so great a multitude we must expect strange men ; and as it will almost be impossible for me to attend each colliery to give an explanation personally , hence 1 am bound to rely upon those friends on each colliery , conversant with the affair , to do me the favour of exerting themselves on my behalf , and to endeavour to collect from all disposed to g ive the specified sum of sixpence each man , and to bring or forward ihe same tc me , at the sign of the Cock , Head of the Side , Newcastleupon-Tvne .
In conclusion , I beg to state , that as the money was cheerfully lent I anticipate a cheerful compliance with the re-payment of the same ; and although the ohject for which you _struggled was not obtained , yet had all parties who got a livelihood from your earnings lent as much as [ did , and bad as cheerfully assisted you in your time of need , perhaps the issue of that struggle would have been different , and you might have baen spared the many sacrifices so nobly made upon tbe unpopular altar of truth and justice . The books , which any man may view , -will show an amount lent of upwards of £ 100 ;* and should this appeal prove effectual and a considerable surplus remain , then a proper coramif . ee shall be called , who shall dispose of the same to the best of theie judgment ,
It may be proper here to intimate , tbat some individuals who cheerfully worked night and day to serve your cause , and who did all that men could do to keep alive that spirit of union which alone cart bring salvation to the miners , that these men who were engaged by the delegates , after the strike ended , are minus their wages to a considerable amount ; therefore , the more general the subscription , the greater chance there will be to pay these individuals , who arc fairly entitled to the same , they being engaged as local lecturers by the delegate meeting . Yours , & c , M . Jude . * £ G 0 , of ibis -. m . unt was borrowed and interest has been paid thereon up to this tltne . Money received ,. S . > aton D «! _evt _) , _£ 15 ; . 8 d . , Bedlington anJ Ne _* herton „ £ _2 0 ,. Gd . *
Barow Aldrr30n'S Chargb. —Sir: I Trust Y...
Barow Aldrr 30 n ' s Chargb . —Sir : I trust yoa Will allow me to enter ray protest iu your columns against the charge 4 Mr Baron Alderson to the grand jury of Cheshire , delivered at tbe special _commissiou now Bitting . As if country gentlemen were nob already bigoted and prejudiced enough against _Chartwta and _D-mocrats , Mr Baroa Alderson treats them to a lecturo upon thj present state of Europe , its causes and consequences , and ' holds out' ( in the words of the report ) , ' the present convulsions of foreign state * a « a warning to the disaffected . ' Now , sir , what business has a judge with the eveuta _nasaini * in
foreign countries ? What business haa he to warn the disaffected ? If he _ttlks iu this way with re _' erence to the cases earning before the grand jury , he _prejudges them . It without reference to them , he merely wastes time . Let a judge merely mind his own business , which u to expound the hw aa it is , and leavo _polfcieal lectures to those whose proper bu _. _ine-ss it ib to criticise or to defend the law , aB their conyictione may lead tbem . I have heard in my ( iaie a tair quantity of judicial balderdash indicted _upsa grand and petty juries . I dare say you , in your vocation , have heard Btillmore ; and I am _aureyou « iil agree with me , that it ia a glowing and crying nui-8 anet > .-i am . Sir , your very obedient servant , ri'BLic . 'LA . —P . S . I hope you will duly animadvert Bpon the _refnBal of the game judge to _allorr the unrortunate _p-woner a table upon which to taki notes _, the judge no doubt considered him-elf hound
_bvnrecedeat , but such cruel relics of the old barbarity towards prisoners ought to be dene away with _.-Corresponde nt of Daily Paper . Dbmh if a _Notsn _Characikr _.-Ou Wednesday an inquest was held on the body of _I'homaa Jones , aged forty . nine years , who had been for _aeveralyeara past known by the cognomen of * The Ship-maker of _tow ? r Hill . The deoeased was a negro , and , about fourteen years Bince , both his legs were am putated in the London Hospital . He obtained bii livelih ood by cutting ships and _full-rigged schooners out of pieces of wood , and ho was always to be seen sitting upon the stones on Tower Hill , from morning til night , employed at that work . A number of email vessels were always exposed for sale , and the smad
sum he obtained for suoh entirely supported him and his negro wife . He died ou Friday last , at bis lodgings m Blue Anohor Yard , without having oeen _aeenlby a medical gentleman , and his death is supposed to have been caused by an attack of the Asiatic cholera . Verdiot , ' Natural death . '
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 16, 1848, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_16121848/page/2/
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