On this page
- Departments (1)
-
Text (5)
-
December 16, 1846. . „ thk -Nf)rRrTHETtW...
-
i eolomalattit fmim
-
FRANCE. MiCTUJCnON OP THE BBPTJBLICAN PS...
-
LETTER FROM RICHARD PILLING, [Formerly o...
-
. .. TOTHE PEOPLE OF ENGLAND. . ' ' Lxms...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
December 16, 1846. . „ Thk -Nf)Rrrthettw...
December 16 , 1846 . . „ thk -Nf ) _rRrTHETtW _^ T-A R %
I Eolomalattit Fmim
i _eolomalattit _fmim
France. Mictujcnon Op The Bbptjblican Ps...
FRANCE . _MiCTUJCnON OP THE BBPTJBLICAN _PSESIIJEHT . _^ a-mjFatu , Conner at Borbbavjx -Tha partis ana of tt , ant , and fired npon both partiea . Several lives were r _^ r _^ _fe _* _** " ** * ere - «» nnded . _™ s arf _« arff : _^ _Yu _CTeni ° , * _«¦*«•/*««» in _wrious _SSSSKa the eapital _comtnueti , and even _aog-Mafedafed at various p _ointaunta midnight At eleven ililoeWiitkfte Place _Vendfiae presented a de _* i » crowa
, , _tm-jemposed almost entirely of the lower clan . The _uue Sue St _Hoaore was intercepted in several plaeesbv coupaoupa _MdaMeniblagest in which animated discos _* niM WM were gome on . The _Boulevarda , from the Rne _^ _jJl-ufiFsT f * ? ° j _£ Tard Poissonniere ,- aho rraetfiasd the theatre of like _disousaioM , being _comeeteljetely crowded and with difficulty passable . The oorteorte St Martin and Porte St Denis were as tuna ! eowdowded _. _aawell as tha Boulevard da Temole . Io uub ua latter neighbourhood menacing shonb were _*«**? « P , a » fl » ¦?* " *« Mobile , some detachments wh : which were stationed at the post _'CoMerrato _* - *
, >*• Am Arts et Metiers , * in the Rue St Martin- At ne tue time liege were ealled out _= and showed in * _attl tidesibao _detenained that the crowd became silent and _'ifarefared . Patrols of police officers traversed the _iirakonltiuda during the evening . The Faubourg St _IhrcWu and 1 the Place Maubert were again the _i-eneMoei of disorderly manifestation * . To remove aU _ireteretext of disorder , the Garde Mobile , which had oc ¦ ipiapied tte barrack ofthe Place Maubert bad _era-SKttwh _J he » _£ ? " *• _frfog IM-. _Ptooeeded to _s ie he Rne _Dafoao . The firmness ofthe Garde Mobile _, _tiowtowever . waa saoh as to repress the disorder , and i JveBveral distorters were arrested . The Latin quarter ! rasraa traversed by patrols during tke night Si ST _^* Y . _* -The _ i » Uttg commenced at seven -. _V-Wfe
xnam morniDg ; the weather is beautiful _, and tbere is oao apparent _dispoaiuon to disturb tho peace . The ' _oveuverament has taken e _«„ _-W _* n ~ It i » _^ _tolroScd * * _" _"wWm - _^ _Mokiut Mow 8 . - ; The first day ofthe election i f tf the President of the Republic haa passed off withi mt mt the slightest appearance of disorder . In fact , it _lasrasmnimmoreealm thanthe three or foardayswhich _-rareaded it . The weather was magnificent , and the _tttTteT _^ * hVoU in P _^ numben , but , _-tataukstotfce admirable arrangements for taking f if the pollin * j | sees . The number of voters npon _thihisi occasion will be much greater than at any of the ¦ _Mechons which have taken pl . ee since theetablbh-¦ _nenentof universal , _TOffirage . It was remarked that
_rfrfs *! _" _^ _•*"" _•?¦ T _« " - * _en _*« y . ftBy one half So _o'Sr " _^ _°° theKet " 0 _^ _OToromenades of Pans were crowded with people , but ~ T J _£ election . It was _onlv in the 2 _» _ftf _» P"rte St Martin , and some _Btether p _^ cea , that groape of politicians _as-embled-, mfcrt they were _exxecmglv quiet , and all parties _appear to tave made up their minds calmly to abide _^ e reult . Aa a matter of precaution , however , aa tttfia night advanced , the -j _rou-a were _ft , _^^ by the _SSSnmcipal Gcards , and by parties of troops , and by _eJderea o ' clock the capital was as quiet as upon any onrauary oceasien . _^^ fnm the
T _ _, a _& P"tmeats adjoining the _CCSO'Cal state that the peasants are crowding to the pplices in bands of fifty or 200 together , with flags , sand snouting the names of their favourite _candiddates . In _t 0 ™ of Mae of the principal thoroughfares of _IPana about midnight supplied mrat gratifying proof * cef the tranquillity with which the people areexercis i ing their severeign rkht of _enffraj-e . Precau t faonaiy measures were taken , and patrols of the Na J bonal . Guard and police were occanonally _observllDle . bnt no _teesasity called for their interference . ' One cause of this tranquillity no donbt is , that the : result of the election begins to be regarded by the public in general aa practically decided , and , it is thought , in favoar of Louis Napoleon . ( From the correspondent of the Timet . )
The groups in the streets of Paris on Sunday evening were neither so numerous nor so noisy as those of Saturday ; still they were not _deficiest in orators , who produced a certain degree of excite ment . The subject most diseuss-d in the _groups formed at the Plaoe Yendome , Plica dels _Bonrae , and tho Boulevards , was tbe Organisation of Labour ; and if the language used in the _streets is to be taken as * criterion of the opinions of the work in-rclawe-. . the future President , be he Cavaignac or Louis Napoleon , will have much to do to satisfy them .
Tbe people _expressed great _indienation against ihe _Naftff & ll _Asemblf fee haviag resolved to prolong its emteuca under pretence of preparing certain _orgsnio laws , and if any attack be made on it , tbe people do net appear _d'sposed to defend it . The c-ntinued at tacks of Li . Pheese on General Cavaignac , for having neglectei to adopt precautions to prevent the erection of barricades in the month of June , by which _rsueh bloodshed waa occasioned , appear to have ptodaced considerable eff-ct on the poDutatioa of Paris ; and although General _Cavaigae-j ' _g admirers—and
there wera many such , amongst tbe groups—exerted themselves in the General ' s defence , and were listened to with mueh patience , they failed to produce anv effect In some groups the probability of an approach ing insurrection was openly discussed . A soldier oi the _59 ih Regiment oi the line deolared his opinion that such , an event was _inevitaWe , and _baVinf been _-tsked what side he wonld join , he replied ths , !* bis regiment was determined to act witb the National Gaards , and to be governed by their movements . The Times of Wednesday adds : —
_ The folio wine letter of oar corre « ponaent , dated five o ' clock on Monday evening , has reacted us , tof ether with the second editions of tbe journals _;—* There is _considerably more animation ( perhaps agitation would be a more appropriate term ) visible at this hoar than when I wrote yea at eleven o ' clock this forenoon . Groups are formed everywhere . 'At certain points they are held in observation by _ostrols of National Guards , bat generally speaking they are allowed to hava their cwn way . The steps _leaiing
to the Bourse , snd a good deal of the space in front of it , are covered by people declaiming on all manner of irritating subject * . The le & dim * _. and certainly _mostdisquieting , _rop-cis tha Labour Qaestion . which it ia lamentable to perceive is again the cheval de ba taUle of the _^ Red Men , and is capable of producing much mischief . The Red orators are . however , _comparatively few , fcr the mass of that party if , like the larger portion ofthe troops , kept within doors by order of their chiefs , though ready for every con tineency .
• "In these ciroumstances yoa will be sorry to learn that the occurrence so long foreseen—a conflict between the Gardes Mobiles and troops of the linetook _plscs last Bight , at abont half-past twelve o ' clock , jrut outside the Barrieredu frone , at oae of the ball ro . 'ms as they are called , which for a _conairkrable distance line the road to Vincennes . For some time those parties hare been snarling at each other , bat last night they came to b ' o * m . _Ths Mobiles , beiog tbe minority , at first were beaten . They sought the assistance of their comrades , and returned reinforced , when a battle commenced between them with side arms , in whi ' h two soldiers were killed , and several on either side were wounded . This riot would not taerit particular notice were it aot indicative ef the species of feeling that exists in the corps in question . On the one hand , tbe sol diers are jealous of the superior pay and rations enjoyed by tha Mobiles . The latter , proud of their
achievements in Jane , are perhaps a little _prcsamptaoui ; but whatever the caase , the effects of this quarrel may be seriens . Far the last _twa or three months the Red men have been flattering _the-troops cn _tYcry possible occasion , by eries of ' Vive U lignt' and hava been insolting the Mobiles by caJirjg them ' _Csvaignae _' _a Batcher * . ' Tbere may possibly be another collision to night between the _Ed _& ers and the Mobiles . Should it be serious , the end of the Red men will be attained . The _Mobilef will be _remsved f om Paris , andthe fusion of the _frwpa and the Socialists will became practicable . Thera are efforts in progress t * reconcile the soldiers and the _Mobiios , bat ft is not certain tbat tbey will succeed . At this moment thera are three battalions of-the latter , and gome _balttliors ofthe former , in the great court ofthe Taileries , exercising nnder the same command- Perhaps the experiment will succeed : it was well worth _trjiut _? _-
Oa Mwday eren _' _sg gt * - opt of raan . for fte mist part attired _u operatives , oo _e-ted at the Portes St Annand St Martin , the Place de la Boone , and the Place Vendome . but their demeanour was per _feefly inoffensive . They _discrnsed the merits of the respective candidates for the PresidenoyoftheRe . public , and it would appear from the conversation that the operatives had given their votes to Louis Napo Urn through a hope that he _woofd relieve the existing _dis ( rai , cmd not from any political _xMtm . Tnej complained bitterly that none of toow who lm governed tb , _3 country since the revolution of Feb-• raaxy _bjd fulfilled the promises made to the people before their accession to office , and they appeared to
cling to the name of Napoleon ua plank ef safety to rescue them from utter _destroction . — Times cortet-P Tckdat .-Yesterday the effigj of General C « . _vajgnao was burnt in tha Place da la Barriers da Irene , amidst a large conoonrse of people . The zndignit'f ef being burnt in the ordinary way was not on this occasion thought sufficient ; the mancgen ofthe ceremony , therefore , resorted to the rather angular aggrwationof couaming the representative ofthe nnpopnlar candidate withacartloadpf hisown balloting papers . In the Boulevard Montmarte another cart bad of balloting . _paperr , bearisg the came ef General Cavaignac wu railed and forthwith bora * , amidst tteiioott of tte crowd ; bat oo
France. Mictujcnon Op The Bbptjblican Ps...
farther _disturbance took place . In _theeToning large group * ) _afMrnbte-Hn th ' s _neigHbaaAocd of the _Po _^ ea St Denis and St Martin , bnt they were very ' _ptfifeB _" able acd ultimately -dispersed , - even without the necessity of employing troops . In the Q , t * artiet _s Latin and St _Marceso , everything was perfectly quiet last night . About ten o ' clock last night , a * body of _abaut a thousand of tbat class kn _^ wn as <* amfns de Paris formed ia the Rue _Ruabateaa , aad matched , nnder regular leaders , through tbe boa ' evarts , and by tse Rue de la Pair , till they reached the Place de la Concorde , but they did not succeed in " getting np any commotion . On reaching tho Pisco de la Can ' cords they quietly dispelled .
BXKCnOX OF MOTS NAP KQH . The latest accounts received with regard to the election state , that the number of votes known amount to 1 , 240 . 009 . Of these * 7 S 2 , 000 are for Lonis Napoleon , and 268 , 000 for General Cavaignac _—Kme * of Thursday . The returns from Paris are reported to be as follows : — Prince Lonis Napoleon 131 . 154 votes General Cavaignao 73129 Ledru Rollin 22279 Raspail ... 12 . 658 Lamsrtine ... ...... 3 . In tho _Bantieu ( environs ) of Paria the following
vote * were given—for Prinoe Lonis Napoleon ... ... 26209 General Cavaignao 5 976 Ledra _Rollin ... 2 , 543 Raspail 1 . 058 Lamartine 221 A letter from Lyons , of the 8 th _iaat ., states that General Cavaignac waa hanged in effigy at the Croix-Ronsse , notwithstanding the presence of the police and of the municipal authorities , who were unable to prevent it . The works of the fortifications ol _Lyonshad been suspended in consequence of the agitation which has prevailed in that city for some days past . -
THE RED _BEPOBUC . A Democratic and Socialist ; banquet took place at Condom , on the 27 th . M . Laden Lwoargae , editor of the Etoili d'Aqoitaihs being in the chair . After sitting some hoars , the gaests , at the approach of dusk , promenaded through the to _» H crying , * Vive Ledru Rollin 1 '' Vive Ia Repablique , demccratiqae et sociale ! '' A bas les rentiers et lea _ptoptietaiies V They also sang patriotic airs , and then separated sithout disturbance . The authorities of the town hid been invited to the banquet , but all had declined being _preient .
Several Socialist and ultra Democratio baiqaets have taken place within the past few days in Paris . One of them at which about 1 , 800 persons were present , took place at tbe Salle Valentino . The nominal president wss Raspail , whose bast , _summnded by red drapery , was placed on a pedestal at the head ofthe principal table , but the acting presidents were & I . M . Praudhon , Pierre Leroux , ant Cabeti The usual Socialist toasts were given , and one of them was proposed by M . Felix -Pyat , who had recently a _dnel with M . Prondhon . The aff . ir passed' off quietly , and terminated / with patriotie songs .
Oa Sunday 1 , 400 Socialists , mostly _workingsmiiha found time to m « et at a banquet given at the _Birrier dn Maine . Several well dreuod women sat down to table . A trophy was ereoted at the bottom of tbe hall composed ofthe different implements used by smiths . The walls were hung with _tri-coloured Sags , oa whiob were the following inscriptions : —¦ To the Socialist exiles . ' ' To tbe Socialist _prisonen' 'LouisBlanc . Barbes , Thore . Mazzini , Blum , _tfessenhauser . ' ' Our brothers of Vienna , of Italy _, and of Poland . ' Two letters were read—one from M . Raspail . which proposed in conclusion a toast to the principle of association ; and the second from M . Lonis Blanc , who proposed as a toast 'Toall those who suffer , who love and who hope . ' M . Pierre Leroux then spoke al great length , explaining the principles of association and of Socialism . M . Marc proposed as
a tout * The safety of France ; and M . Marie gave , ' The hope and certainty of triumph '' The latter _, in speaking to the toast , informed the company that one of bis sons was amonest the transported , and that another of them had suffered a long imprisonment . ' I educated tbem for that , ' said the orator , who was loudly cheered . The last toast— ' To the approaching accomplishment ofthe great principle proclaimed by the French revolution , to the general manifestation of religious liberty , and to universal frateroit- '—was tben given , and the company separated , singing patriotic songs . IBS EZPCBUCAS 5 FEBSECUrSS BT THE M _1 SA . KCHI 5 T 8 . The decree of the court of _assizsa at Caen in the affair cf the insurgents of Rouen has been announced to-day . The oonrt has condemned them all to severe and infamous punishment .
The latter end of last week , tbe delegates of the journeymen bakers went to the National Assembly with a petition against the conduct of tbe master bakers ef Paris , who have been of late getting men np from the country , to worft for them , as the area ia Paris _refased to work , except on the conditions prescribed by M . Caussidiere . The petition , which was received by M . Ton , the commisary of police of tbe Assembly , _waylaid on the President's bureau .
GERMANY . _ABDICATION OF THB BUPEROR OP _4 _lTSrRrA , Aceeauts from Vienna ta the 3 rd inst ,, communicate the abdieatien of the Emperor of Austria in favour of his nephew , the Archduke Francis Joseph , eldest son of the Archduke Franois Charles , who has waived his claim to the imperial throne . This important proceeding was announced to the Diet at Kremsier by Prince Schwarzenberg _, and two proclamations were immediately is * uei ; one by the late Emperor , Ferdinand , dated Olmatr _. the 2 ad of
December , in whieh he annonaoes his reasons for abdicating the throne ; the other by the present Emperor , Francis Jsseph _. whieh embodies the principal points stated in the ministerial programme , as giren by Prince _Schwargsnberg . in the Chamber at Kremsier . The news of the ' ate Emperor ' s _abdieatien was received with satisfaction at Vienna , where all was tranquil . Tbe ex-Ea-perorhas fixed upon Prague as his pltce of residence , for which city he quitted O ' _mut z on the day of his abdication . The following are the proclamations alluded to : — ' We , Ferdinand I ., by the Grace of God , Emperor ,
' Wben after the decease of oar father , the fate Emperor ; Francis I ., we succeeded to the throne _, we were deeply sensible of tbe sacred' nature of our office , and prayed to God to assist us . [ Prayed to the devil he _meaes . _] To deal justly and to promote the happiness of the Austrian nation was tbe end and aim of our government . [ How emperors can lie !] The cares and anxieties of government were richly rewarded by the love and gratitude of onr people . [ What an ungrateful monster to cannonade such a people . ! Even oft late , when criminal intrigues _euocteded in disturbing lezal order in Borne parts of our empire , we were _satisfied to find the majority of our subjects persevere in the loyalty they owed to their sovereign . [ More feolsthey ! j _ProefBof affection ,
which comforted our anxious soul , were frequently _givenus from all parts of our empire . Bat the pressure of events , and the immediate want of a _comnrehensive reformation of onr forms of state , and whi'h we , inthe month of Maroh last , endeavoured to meet and promote , have more and more convinced ns , that more youthful powers are needed to complete this grand work . [ The imperial idiot has found some one to pat common sense _langaageinto his month ] After mature deliberation , and convinced of the imperative necessity of this step , we have most solemnly resolved to _resign the imperial cra _** n of Austria . Our brother and legitimate successor ia the government , the Lord Archduke Frauds Charles , who at all times faithfully _assisted us , and decUred , and now declares by
these presents , and by signing his name to this proclamation , that he too resigns the Austrian crown , and tbat he does so in favour of his son and legitimate successor , the Lord Archduke Francis Joseph . Thos freeing all servants ofthe state from their oath of allegiance , we claim their faith and loyalty for their new sovereign . We bid a grateful farewell to oar brave army . Mindful of their oaths , our soldiers were at aU times a balwark against foreign enemies and domestic traitors ; a pattern of fidelity snd per severing and dauntless courage , the safety of threatened monarchy , the pride and glory of oar common country . [ A pattern of butchery-workers , the disgrace and infamy of Austria 1 They will be _equal _' yfiuthral and devoted to the new emperor , Itt freeing tbo various people ot our empire of their duties towards na , we herewith solemnly , and before
the face of the world , transmit all oar duties and rights to our beloved lord and nephew as our legitimate successor , and we recommend our people to the grace and especial protection of God . May Almighty Gad vouchsafe to restore them to domestic peace . [ The hjpecrite 1 ] May be guide the milled biek to their duties , and enlighten thoie that are foolish [ A proper prayer for himself and his family . ] May he re-open the _dried-up fountains of prosperity , and may he bless our country with his richest blessings , _ewghten and strengthen our successor , the Emperor Francis Joseph I ., that he may prosper in his solemn and _ardttoos vocation , for bis own honour , for the glory of our house and for the welfare ef bis people . ' Given in our royal residence of _Olmntz _, this day , the 2 nd December , 1848 , and in the fourteenth year of oar reign . * Fsbdikahd . ' _ScuwAsztSBERO . FaAitcia Cbablsb '
' 'We , Francis Joseph I ., By the grace of . God , Emperor of Austria , & c . * By the resignation of onr beloved ancle , the Emfetor and Kinz Ferdinand I ., in Hungary and Boemia of tbat name the 8 . b , and by tbe resignation of our beloved father , the _Lsrd Archduke Francis Charles , and summoned on the strength of the pragmatic eanction to assume the crown of this empire , proclaim hereby solemnly to onr people the fact of our ascension to the throne under the name of Francis Joseph the First . We are convinced of the necessity and the value of free institutions , and enter with confidence on the path of a prosperous reformation of the monarchy . On the _basisof true libertyon the basil of tfae equality of rights of all oar peoples
France. Mictujcnon Op The Bbptjblican Ps...
¦ Wl the equality of all . cife ' zJDB , before the law . and ; on \ th >; basis of their equally partaking fn the representation and legislation , the oountry will rise to its ancient grandeur ; it will acquire new strength to resist the storms ef the time—it will be a hall to shelter the tribes of many tongues united nnder the sceptre of our fathers . Jealous of the glory ofthe or . 'wn , and resolved to preteira the monarchy un--Tt tailed , but ready to share put privileges with the representatives of our people , we hope , by the assistance of God and the co-operation of our people , to _suocssd in uniting all the countries and tribes of the _monarchy into one integral state . We have had se . vere trials : tranquillity and order have been disturbed in many parts ofthe empire . A civil war is even now raging in one part of the monarchy . Preparations have been made to restore legal order everywhere . The conquest over rebellion , and the
return of domestio peace , are the first conditions to tha great work whioh we now take in bead . In this we rely _confidently on the _sensible and candid co-operation o > the nation _byUsrepteieaUtiveB- We rely on the Bound sense oi the loyal inhabitants of the country , - whom the new lawB on the abolition of servitude asd imposts have admitted to the full enjoyment of civil rights _. We rely on tbe loyal servants of the state . We expect onr glorious atmy will persevere in their ancient fidelity asd bravery . They will continue to be a pillar to the throne , and a balwark te the country and its free institutions . We shall be happy to reward merit , withont any distinction of birth or station . People of Austria ! It is an awful time in whioh we mount on the throne of our fathers . Great are the dnties of oarofSoe , great is its responsibility . May God protect us . Francis Josbps .
* SonWABZBHBIRG . _'Olmufz Dicem _' er 2 nd , 1848 / In the fourth sitting of the constituent Diet at _Kremiiier , Prince Schwarzenberg read to the members the proclamations we have given above , and the various legal acts by which the sovereignty was abdicated bv the late and transferred to the new Emperbr . He also read a speoial _m-ssago from the new reigning sovereign to tbe _Asvembly , in which he expresses his wish that the constitution may eoon be completed , and exhorts the Diet to proceed vigorously with the task . Also antograph notes from tbe Emperor ; re-appointing the ministers , and adding Baron Culmer ti the Cabinet , hut withont cbarge of a department . At tbe suggestion of the president , tbe members of the Diet rose and gave three cheers for 'the constitutional Emperor Francis Joseph . '
The Emperor Francis Joseph I . is the eldest eon of the Archduke Frauds Charles , only brother of the Emperor . His mother is the Princess Sophia , daughter nf Maximilian , the late King of Bavaria . He was born in 1830 , and is , consequently , eighteen years of aee . [ The names ofthe father and mother are symbols of' re-action' throughout Austria . Will the son be better than his parents ! We doubt it . j The Emperor Franois has confirmed the Ban Jellaehich ia the office of civil and military governor of Croatia .
It is believed that the Emperor will not visit Vienna before the new jear , and that the state of _siegi will continue till that time . It appears that fie Emperor Niohola * has _offered to advance 'the eighty million * , of fl iritis r . quired for the state . _Rumsir asserts that he has made another offer to _Austria ; nothing lees , in faot , than an Empress in the _sh « pe of the Russian prinoess . Tae accounts from Galicia are unsatisfactory . The divisions existing bet seen tho Polish and Ruthenian races are becoming every day more serious , particularly since the government have begun to favour tbe latter . The object in thos setting race against race is precisely the one whioh was held in view with reference to the _Magyars and the _Croatians , and is _composed on the old maxim of ' divide tt impera . ' Tbe _system naw pursued is the more criminal , _inasmuch as the two races have lived oa friendly termB one witb the other during several centuries .
As might have been anticipated , the Servians are beginning to pnt forth troublesome claims in regard to nationality . Recent events bave proved to tbem how greatly dependent the Emperor is on his non-German and non-Magyar subjects for the maintenance of hiB throne . They are , therefore , no longer satisfied with the favours they have received since the commencement of the revolt in Hungary Proper , but they demand an independent ministry and legislative assembly , with a vice-regal government .
THB _BOUDARDUBai CF _tEHBERQ ' . The following extract of a letter , dated Lemberg will be read with interest , though the f sots treated of are _contemporaneous with the siege of Vienna : — 'Ton must bave read acconnts of the bombardment of Lemberg , and I can assure yon tbat there were no grounds whatever for that military execution , since there had been , in fact , no revolution , no rioting at all . On the 1 st of November , in the evening _, a few drunken artillery soldiers insulted some national guardsmen ; a strife ensued , in consequence of which two of the latter were killed . _, But , on a sudden , at about seven o ' clock p . m ., three cannon shots were heard , which came from an Austrian battery established on a hill that commands the oity .
Immediately the lower class ofthe population began to erect barricades ; they were assisted in that work of defence by young men ofthe University , by Jews , & o . This erection of barricades lasted all night , bnt as the first cannon shots were not followed during that time by any other attempt of the military against the city , nothing further waa done by ths citizens till daylight . In the meantime an agreement was mutually entered into by the civil authorities and the military _ooamauder-in-chief , tbat the troops were to be removed from the city , and the barricades taken away . On the 2 nd Nov ., aa the national _guardgrnendisbinded _themselves on the terms ofthe _above-iaentioned agreement , they were fired upon , aBd some of tbem killed on the spot , by the
grenadiers of a Ruthenian battalion stationed on the square ot tbe Holy Ghost . This unfortunate occurrence renewed the apprehensions of the inhabitants . The national guards assembled again , and the barricades were again resorted to . _I-p ' ated shots were levelled at them by the soldier ? , till at ten a . m ., the general fire of the heavy artillery opened against the devoted city . For more than two houra together batteries disposed on the neighbouring hills poured upon us balls and shells of every size , and especially rockets . After more tban two hours' bombardment the city was allowed to capitulate , although it oannot be fairly admitted that it had revolted At all . It is pretty well _knetoi now that this bombardment had bean premeditated and calmly decided npon .
DISSOLUTION OF TBE NATIONAL ASSEMBLYA CONSTITUTION GRANTED BY ROYAL CHARTER . Letters from Berlin to the evening of the 6 th inst ., announce that tbe King had , by the advice of his ministers , dissolved the _Constitaent Assembly , and declared a constitution . It appears in the _Prbussiche Staats Akzeiqbr of the 1 th , whioh contains _bIbo the royal ordonnance for the dissolution of the National Assembly . The main points of the constitution are tbe following : — 'Personal freedom is guaranteed by virtue ofthe Habeas Corpus Act , of Sept . 24 th , 1848 . The domi _cile is inviolate , and death and _canfiaoation of _cropsrty aw _abilishei . Freedom cf religions worahip is
seenred ; the right ef the general eduoation of the people is guaranteed ; every Prussian may freely express his opinions ; freedom of _ the press is conceded without _ceneorthip or pecuniary security ; pablio meetings may be held in houses withont restraint , in the open air by permission of the police ; ( he secrecy of the post is inviolate ; several feudal _privileges are abolished ; the King is not responsible , but his Ministers are ; there are to be two Chambers ; the first competed of 180 members , to be elected by the provincial circle and district _representatives , and to sit for six years ; the second to consist of 350 members , to be elected indirectly by universal suffrage , and directly by electors in the second degree , that is by electors chtsen by general _soavage ; no property Qualification required for either Chamber . '
In another royal decree tha Chamber * are 03 avoked in Berlin on the 26 th ot February n _* xt ; the primary elections to take place on the 22 nd instant , and those in the second degree on the 5 th oiFeb runry . An Income Tax Bill is announced . The prohibition of public assemblages has been extended to meetings of benevolent societies and other unpolitical associations , as in some cases the meetings had been turned to political _purposea . In » p _« M cam . however , the military authorities h _« e granted an exemption . A benefit sooiety of factory werkmen , having waited on General Wrangel for perminion to hold a meeting , he not only gave it , bnt presented the deputation with a sum of money , and wished his name fo be entered as 8 member of it ; but tfae offer waa declined , and the money afterwards
sent back to biro . MOBK IBICES or HIS ' GRACE OF OOP * KIKOSHlF . The _Pbkksiche Shaw At _* zeiGBB , of the 7 tb inst ., has added ao important provision to one ef the clauses of the constitution . It iB stated in that special law that every Prussian thirty years of age , and in full possession of his civic rights , is entitled to vote for the members ofthe First Chamber , provided he pays at least eight tbalers yearly in taxes , or hati Unded property to the amount , at least of 5 . O 0 O tbalers , or a dear income of 500 thalers . Now , there is not one word in the constitution published on ( he night of the 5 th inst . in the Swiis _Anzhgbb respecting tbose peeoniary qualifications , ln fact , one that that
was led to believe oa night general suffrage was conceded , although in an indirect manner ; for the 65 th and 66 . h artie _' es , which relate to the qualification of the member * of the First Chamber , or to the number of electors and electoral distriota for the Second Chamber , are not only silent on that score , but are immediately followed by an article ( consequently the 67 _« h ) in which it is declared tbat every independent Prussian , twenty-four years of age , in possession of aU his oivio rights , and residing during tbe previons six months in his csramune _, has a vote , not the etiehCest allusion being made to a property or i taxation qoalifiotirn . Tbe otber _Special law *' which are to follow bring snch unexpected additions to the constitution , that it hifl tbe ohanoe of pre-
France. Mictujcnon Op The Bbptjblican Ps...
senting before % 28 th ., of , February , next , features altogether different ( rotjv those ii ' rioi » , vreMsV Tfc ' e general feeling in Berlin with respect to'the _' _coMtitetion , is one of indifference .
THE FRANKFORT PARLIAMENT . In tbe Assembly on the 7 th inst . Herr _Wesendonk _b-ought forward the following important motion;—* That the National Assembly _drolato ' that the dissolving of the Prussian' _Asssembly and the granting of a constitution are null and void . ' The urgency of the' motion was . admitted , and it was referred to a _committee , with instructions to bring up a speedy raport . Tbe National Assembly passed alse a resolution abolishing capital punishment ( exoept by martial law , and in case , of mutiny at sea ) , the nse of the pillory , and corporal chastisement . TBB _UAKIVR ROBERT BLUM . Bav'ria . —On the 4 th inst . there was a grand torch-light procession at Munich in honour of the late Robert Blnm—not less than 1 . 800 persons bearing toTobes ( including 300 students ) . The greatest order prevailed .
THE "WAR IN HUNGARY . The grand attaok on the _Hunearians had not oommenoed ; bat it was expected that it would be eoon _begnn , An . engagement had already taken place before _Pressburg . The imperial troops sent againBt the Magyars are 150 , 000 strong . It is eaid that Windischgrats had given np the command ef that army to Baron Grubey , and made arrangements to take up his ' residence in Vienna . According to . _aocounts from Siebehburgen _, the important town ' of fjlausenbarg has surrendered to the imperial troops-. A sharp cannonade was heard on the ht inst . near Angern ( some ten miles frem Vienna ) . It ii said tbat the imperial troops were obliged to make a retrograde movement .
The Wibnbb Zeitukg of _Dscember 1 contains the official report from the theatre of war in Transylvania . Lieut . Col . Urban with his large corps had on the 13 h Nov . approached as far as Samoa Ujvar , when he wbb suddenly attaoked by a superior foroe from _KUusenbarg , and was simultaneously _threateued on the flank . The Lieutenant-Colonel , without firing a Bhot , o ? cn pied the strong position to the left of _Samos Ujvar , and there awaited the enemy , who was beaten back and completely worsted , lssing from forty to fifty
( dead ) who were all , however , carried off . One of the leaders also was shot down dead by a ball , but it was not ascertained who he was . The village Ot Zeg , to the left of the main road , which showed hostility to the imperial troops , was severely chastised by a column sent thither . It is asserted that the Magyars who had , some weeks ago , penetrated into a part of Croatia , bave taken tbe capital , Agram , aud defeated tfae imperial troops on the Slyrian frontier . It is not a little remarkable tbat the _imperialists , who , a short time ago , had advanced at far as _Wieselbnrg , have withdrawn to the distriot thia side of Bruck .
ITALY . IHB TOP /* . The Pope refused to gi ou board tho French steamer at Gapta , or to proceed to France . He bad ordered a number of Cardinals to repair to Malta , to he at hand to hold a _coaolave in the event Ot bii demise . Thb Robbeb _Raokkio : — The Nazionui _* , ofthe let instant , _Btates that the extraordiaarv contributions levied on Lombard */ by Marshal Radetzky amounted to 10 . 000 , 000 of _livres . Milan and the province had paid 13 205 174 livres ; the town and pro . vince of Breioia , 6 , 500 , 000 ; ¦ ¦ Lodi and Cremona , 5 , 000 . 000 ; _Pavin , 2000 , 000 ; Bergamo , 2 , 000 . 000 ; Como . 2 , 000 , 000 ; Valtelina , 1800000 ; in all 31 , 505 , 174 . Tbe returns for the provinces of Cremona and Mantna are not known .
Roman States . — -Il _N-zionalts , of tbe 3 rd inst ., _savs : ' TheGovernor af Bologna will not acknowledge tha ministry . He has sent deputies into tbe whole of Romagna to endeavour to form a party , and to compose a provisional government , consisting of _Zucohi , Spado , and Mastai , but , owing to the firm * neig of tho prolegate LovatelH , Perrara has given it * adhesion to the ministry . Ancona has followed its example . Disorder reigns in the city oi Bologna . It is said that the minister Campello ordered all the troops to concentrate themselves at Foligno nnd Cattolica , but that the Swiss commander , Latour , had replied , that the Swiss had made an engagement with tbe Pope , and not with Galetti and Campello , and they would not acknowledge their authority . So far from obeying the orders , tbe commander had matched the Swiss troops to Bologna . _Gavszz ' i hss embarked at Ancona for Venice .
A moro _seriens movement occurred at Ancona on the l » t , wben the people assembled with lond shouts of' VivelaRepuhlique , ' and proclaimed a provisional government in connexion with the _Eiioistry at Rome . Count Gonfalionere is president ; the other members are the Marquis Beninoasa , Laine , Colindri , Tanetti , and Morioi . While this was going on , the sailors of tbe Sardinian fleet in the harbour paraded the streets , uttering seditions cries against their officers , and especially the admiral .
TEE _PO-PS TURNED TRAITOR —¦ ATTEMPTED _CQUNISBRBVOLUTION . The following newa has been received at Paris , dated Rome , Dao . 4 th . A rescript had been received at Rome from the Pope , who was Btill at Gaeta , annulling tbe acts ofthe ministry , and superseding the Chambers by appointing a state commission , invested with supreme authority . Tbe Chamber of Deputies had declared the rescript invalid , and the members of the state _osmmiesion had declined to act . A deputation had been appointed to visit the Pope and invite lum to return to Rome . The city remained tranquil .
Letter From Richard Pilling, [Formerly O...
LETTER FROM RICHARD PILLING , [ Formerly of Ashton _* _under-Lyne , now residing in the United States , !
_Stujrasent Falls , Columbia County , State of New York , November 12 th , 1848 . Deab Wifb and Children , —I write to you hoping to find you in good health , as these few iinea leave me at present . I landed on the llth of October , and stopped in New York six days , but could not get _wark . I heard they wanted weavers at thia-place . I left New York City at five o ' clook in the afternoon , and landed at Kindernobk _, at five o'olook on the following morning , which is 130 miles from New York City up the Hudson River , and five milea irom this place . They landed me in a wood by myself , and there was neither man nor house to
be seen . I walked into the wood and found a tavern , and stopped till daylight , and got my breakfast for twenty-fire oeuts _. _^ I had tben ten cents left , It was a wet morning , and the roads very bad . I commenced on the _fallowing _mornisg weaving on fonr looms , twenty-eight inches wide , sixty picks in one inch , thirty-eight yards long , o 2 ' s weft and twist , for lOd . per out . The looms here ran about ninety picks por minute , and the master gives one halfpenny per cut tor picking them . They give s _* U . a _~) teT 8 16 s . per week ; _BVrippers and grin Jew 16 _> . per week ; throstle _Bpinnera and frame tenters 10 j . per week ; dressers from thceehalfncnce to _twopsuce per cat for _dreseinjr . They dress hero with potato _starob . The dressers make the starch them *
¦ elves for nothing . Frame-spinner ? . There are very fdw frame-spinners here—they ' have 2 s . Od . per thousand hanks , for 400 spindles in one mule . Tke factory system is the same all over the world , I believe . We work twelve h _% _urs per day in winter and thirteen in summer . The masters and ovei * Inekers are not such great tyrants here as they are in England . Bat a Ten Hoars Bill is very muoh wanted hereby the operatives , and I believe in a very few years will ba obtained , and would be in a very few months if we bad such good men here ae Mr Hindley _, Mr Oastler , Mr Fieiden , and . Lord Ashley . There is more equality here than in England , for both rioh and poor associate _together . Trade is bad here , and- many thousands are out of work , Hun *
_dreds are returning home , and thousands wonld if tbey had the means . But , in my opinion , there are far mare ways for a working man to get a living here than tbere are ia Eagland , for no trade is lacked np here by trades' unions , as is the case in England . People in the towns are immigrating to the far weBt every year in thousands . The _manufacturers here keep truck shops , by whioh they make a prefi ; ot nearly fifty per cent , by everything they sell . Provisions are lower here than in England—fliur , one dollar per 28 lbs . ; sugar , from 3 d . to i . i . per pound ; treacle , Is . 6 J . per gallon ; tet , from _21 . to 4 * . per pound ; butcher ' s meat , from 2 d . to 4 d . per pound ; batter , 10 J . per pound ; potatoes , ds . per bushel ; Indian meal , 1 * . _gj per 25 ; _bs . ; tobacco , from 81 . to _'tOd . per pound : wooden houses , for _workintrneonlfl
to live to , from thirty to fifty dollars per year ; wood or coal for fire will cost 2 « . 6 d . per week the year round ; Boap , 31 . per pound ; pork , from 2 d . toil _, per pound ; pigs , three months old , frcm 5 j . to 6 _s . m . ' c ' _* * * ° five cent 8 P _* * l UMt '» D _* _ti in tbe far west provisions are much lower , and inthe towns , too , if you bave the ready money . I saw a man buy a quarter ct a cow for _threehalfpence per pound ; cbe ; se , ii , per pound . __ I should wish you to publish a part of this letter in the _AsmoNiAtf , and also send a copy ofit lo George Julian Harney , and request him to give my respects to Mrs Harney , and Mr and Mrs Rider , and Mr and Mrs Gill . Perhaps , if this letter , or a portion of it , were published in the Star , it might be useful . Thomas Mellor is living with me , and working on five looms .
m Dear wife and children , let mo knew how you intend to aot with respeot to coming to this country , and I will begin to prepare . Give my _respeots to Aitken , Taylor , Orme , Brooks , Store ? , Dake , and Bedford , and all my friends and neighbours , May yon be able to bear np against your oppressors . Tiiere MO no police here , nor have I seen a beggar sisee I cane here . So no mora at r resent front yonr affectionate _hufchand and father , Richard _Puune .
. .. Tothe People Of England. . ' ' Lxms...
. .. TOTHE PEOPLE OF ENGLAND . . ' ' _Lxms VII , _Fbluow Coontrimss , — -I have been honoured by several Iriendly communication !* , and the presentation of many publications , conveying information on two important questions mooted by Mr W . Rand , viz ,: The Currency , and An Equal National Poor Rate . The gentlemen who bave thus kindly appreciated my remarks on those subjects have my sincere thanks . I had previously examined some of those pamphlets , the rest Bhall have my attention when time will allow . Oae friend imagines that , ' for prudential reasons , I purposely hold back my opinions on the Currency . ' He mistakes . I cannot give an opinion on a subject I do not comprehend .
I have not been able to discover the nemtary pro portion of currenoy required to represent a given amount of exchangeable wealth . I think that most essential part of tho Currency Question still remains undiscovered _. Until tbat point is settled on fixed and irrefragable prinoiples , I am of opinion that the Currenoy will continue to be a vexed qaestion . In consequence of information received sinoe my last letter was published , I am induced to return to the consideration of the question of an Equal National Poor Rate . The vast importance ofthe subject is my apology . It is needful to bear in mind some of the specified _objeats expected to be gained by thia measure , viz .: ' to put a stop to tho peasantry leaving , or _beinfdriven from their native fields , and accumulating iu large towna . ' Tbat _system being no longer profitable
to the manufacturers , Mr V 7 . Rand pmposes that it hall be abandoned . Again , the removal of those immigrants who are located in the manufacturing districts ( they havipg _become a heavy burden to these who Bome years ago prevailed npon them ' to leave their native fields' ) and their re-settlement in the _agricultural districts , where , on the authority of ' our agricultural _eocuties , ' MrW . Rand believes that agriculture presents a field in whioh to employ every idle labourer in tbe conntry . The lamentable decrease of' the numbers employed in agriculture' since 1811 , will , it is expeoted , cease to exist under an Equal National Pcor Law . ' The result would be , ' Bays Mr W . Rand , ' a largely increased produotion , au inoreased home trade , and a much mora satisfactory state of feeling among the working _clssses . '
It is also asserted , 'The result wonld be a great diminution ofthe aggregate amount [ of the poor rate ] , in consequence of increased employment in the cultivation cf the soil , and , 'Mr W . Rand says , | we Bhould see _contentedness and satisfaction existing among tbose olasses whose unfortunate condition cannot be viewed without anxiety and alarm . ' Mr W . Rand does not fail to impress upon his manufacturing readers the importance of equalising tht poor rates , because ' they are in man ; inBtancei ten times more in tbo pound [ in large towns ! than the average rates in the agricultural parts ofthe kingdom . '
Now , fellow countrymen , it is undeniable that , ii such beneficial results are consequent on the adoption of an Equal National Poor Rate , the present condition of the agricultural districts must be prosperous ; the farmers finding it difficult to obtain labourers , and capital pressing itself for investment in agricultural pursuits ? Else . Mr W . Rand has failed to discover a remedy for the evils he deplores , A few days ago I had occasion to visit a farm house in Surrey . That visit , though transient , furnished me with important information . It afforded me the means of demonstrating to MrW . Raud , thatthe return of the agricultural immigrants from the manufacturing districts to 'their native fields , ' oould
not , nntil agricultural produce is made remuneratory , _unproductive of the agricultural prosperity he anticipates . Itwas a moonlight evening wben I arrived at the railway station . Tie farm house is a mile thence . Oa my way through the shady lanes I met several agricultural labourers—not returning from their work —but bagging and seeking employment I My friend the farmer was absent . Bis farm-bailiff had business at a neighbouring village . I had not been long _crmvemsg with the wife oi the latter ere she was summoned to the outer door ; two unemployed labourers were there seeking for work ; one had been without employment thirteen , the other , seven ; weeks !
The good housewife informed me— Not an hour passed without suoh applications . What is to beoome of the poor creatures thia winter , ' she exclaimed , ' I do not know ! ' She continued— Master is followed about by tbe poor labourers begging fcr work wherever he goes . lie has no heart to refuse , and very often Bends them to be employed by my husband when there is nothing for them to do . But , ' tbe wife continued , ' my husband says , 'he will Boon tire ; prices are eo low . and crops so bad . ' ' Enough to make any one tire 1 ' I rejoined . On the return of the bailiff , I learned tbat ' in contequence of the kind disposition of his master , he had generally more labourers on his farm than he could profitably employ . ' On my return , I _walked with my friend the farmer to the station . On the way he was besieged by labourers asking for work .
In tbat district vast numbers are out of work . Many farmers aro abandoning corn for milk , the uucertainty of remunerating prices being the reason assigned . This ohange will cause still less employment for the labourers , I have not heard of any _agricultural district where _labourers are fully employed , ' A surplus population' is still the cry , proving how futile are the schemes of migration and emigration ; establishing tbe fact tbat the return of the immigrants from the manufacturing districts to 'their native fields' will not produce the benefits anticipated and promised by Mr W . Rand . And why ? Because , in agricultural pursuits , tbe prices are not remunerating , and farmers , like manufacturers ,
cannot employ labourers , and prosper , when there is ' no margin for profits at all , ' when they cannot' get prime oost for anjthing . ' They wither under the _obilling worship of the god called ' cheapness , ' which is set np in England * by the manufacturers . ' As in the manufacturing district * , so in the agri cultural districts— ' Real prosperity consists in all being employed , and _eellisg tbe products of industry for more than they oost . ' Those words are from the pen of Mr W . Rand . Is he prepared thus to administer to the agriculturists ? Then must he eschew everv deema of that school whose master's
nomination he seoonded at the last eleotion fo ; the Weat Riding of Yorkshire 1 Why is there a superabundance of labourers in the agricultural districts ? Why do the numbers em ployed in agriculture diminish ? Why do we not grow all the agricultural produce required for the people ? Not beoause we have not room , nor yet quality of soil . Solely because tbe manufacturers with _havsitso ! They think foreign produce cheaper , and foreign trade more profitable than those of home ! and , through him whose election Mr W . Rand promoted , they have persuaded our Legislature to adopt that' great and serious delusion . '
When the manufacturers will cease to depresB agricultute , they may entertain the Boheme of getting rid of the _immigtauts _, who then , instead oi' eating up' their betrayers , may once mora become their best customers . I do not apologise for deferring the consideration of Mr W . Rind's third remedy . The information gleaned in the farm _hoase is apposite , and will , I am sure , materially aid us in forming a proper estimate of Mr W . Rand ' s seoond remedy . It is necessary that tbat gentleman should explain bow or by what proocBS au equal national poor rate will enable the _farrrew to give employment' to every idle labourer in the country . '
Mr W . Rind has given the sanction of his name and talents to the promotion of those objects ; he has used his influence to establish _ihoae principles which have obtained an unhappy noto iety for Mr Riohard Cobden , and have _caussd ' England te set up a god called ' _cheapness / to which ' everything in the shape of industry is to be sacrificed . ' He now _ieols thb destrnotire nature of that idol ' s worship , and would fain release himself from its unbearable pressure ! It IB not enough that he nominates certain modes of escape from his _self-Mioted torture ; it is also required ot Attn to demonstrate how his proposed measures will relievo other * , and insure tbeir prosperity . . k It is neither wise nor safe to try more experiments nn tha _nations a nf a anfTirint * nflfinle—to make play
things of a betrayed and famished peasantry 1 At such a time as tbis—from such a man we expect rea _* sens unanswerable- ' demonstration strong as Holy Writ , ' that what he now proposes will assuredly produce _thepromited results , and issue in the prosperity of the people . Mr W . R _* . nd tells us , on the authority of ' our agricultural societies , ' that' _agriouHure presents a field in which to emp loy every idle labourer in the country _; ' on tha testimony of « _manyof the most influential and eminent speakers at their meetings , ' he informs us that' our agricultural produce might be doubled with advantage . ' On his own authority he _communioales ' the fact , that the land of this
countr y is capable , nnder just oultivation , of a vastly increased production . ' 1 believe all these statements . For the reasons I have given , I do not believe that an equal national poor-rate will enable the agriculturists to bring a single additional acre into cultivation—or , to improve the culture of an acre—or , to give employment to one additional labourer—or , ts grow one more ear of corn ! It is for Mr W . Rand to expose my ignorance , and explain the workings of his promised remedy ! I remain , Englishmen , The true friend of native industry , in field , _couatiug-uouse , shop , ship , or mill . Fulham , Middlesex . Richard Oa't * , er _. P . S . —In my lut letter , paragraph 3 rd , line 1 st , for 'argument / read , ' agreement . '—R . O ,
. .. Tothe People Of England. . ' ' Lxms...
THE : REPRESENTATION OF _Till _^ _, ' _-.- WEST ! RIDING . ¦ _' / . ' ,- _-.. The nomination of the candidates for the seat in the House of Commons rendered vacant by the sue * cession of Lord Morpeth to the peerage took place on Monday , at Wakefield . The hustings were erected in front of the Courthouse , and were shortly before eleven o ' clock occupied by the friends of the respective candidates . Mr E . Denison , on reaching the hustings , was received with three rounds of cheers . Sir C . Eardley ' s indisposition did not permit him to be present , and he was represented by Mr Bright , who was greeted with loud plaudits by his lriends . Mr Kydd ( the Chartist candidate ) was also attended by a numerous body of Chartists wbo cheered him
lustily-About eleven o ' clock the Under Sheriff , Mr Gray , opened the proceedings , by stating in a short speech , the object for which the meeting was assembled . The usual formal preliminaries having been gone through , Mr J . Hamertok rose to propose the nomination of Sir C . Eardley , amidst cheers and disapprobation , and Mr F . _Carbtjtt , of Leeds , in seconding the nomination , was received with cheers and groans , Both the speakers avowed themselves in favour of tbe ballot , and an extension of the suffrage . Mr E . _LAscEtLus , who was received with mingled cheers and hooting , proposed the nomination of Mr E . Denison .
Mr John Rand , of Wheatley Hill , seconded the nomination of Mr Denison . Mr Isaac Ironsides , of Sheffield , on rising to nominate Mr Samuel Kydd , as a fit and proper person to represent tbe Riding in Parliament , was received with the most enthusiastic cheers of the Chartists , who occupied a favourable position in irontofthe hustings . He referred to the revolutions on the continent , and asked—what had the governing classes of this country dore since these events to meet the wants of tbe people ? Nothing * He begged their pardon—they bad spent money wrung from the people , to _foment conspiracies ( hissing ); and then ; when the conspiracies were
ripe , they seized on the conspirators . Eternal disgrace on thera for such acts . ( Groans . ) He had pledged himself , when Mr _Filzwiiliam came forward , if no one else came he would propose a candidate . But Charles withdrew . ( Laughter . ) Since then , a union of Conservatives and Conservative-Whiggthe first time he had heard of this _hjbrirl animal —( laughter)—met , and proposed Mr _Dcmis-on . He had attended carefully to that honourable gentleman ' s addresses . The conclusion he bad come to was , that he would alter nothing ( Mr Denison j < I never said so ) . Not in so many words , but when he ( Mr Ironsides ) asked him what measures he would propose to ameliorate the condition of the
people , he said , * With great respect I answer , I don ' t know . ' ( Cries of ' Do you know ? _' ) He was not on his trial , but he would try to do it . In the first place he would get quit of Ireland—be would restore its nationality , and then the Irish intelligence would provide tor the miserable creatures who now crowded the labour market of England . He would next restore the nationality of Scotland . He would cut away from royalty all its costly barbaric splendour . He would restore the property of the Church to its original uses — he would disband the army . There was no necessity for an army in a kingdom—it should be on the frontier , if anywhere . He would reduce the navy to something like useful
proportions he would abolish the accursed game laws ; he would have in every parish and township boards of administration to _provide for the profit * able employment of the people , composed of thft best men that could be got together . He would re » store to every man the right of Magna Charts of which he had been unjustly deprived—that _eveiy man who paid taxes should have a voice in their distribution . His opponents could not answer the question how they were to deal with the la « bouring millions , and a ? be believed Mr Kydd could answer the question he begged leave to nominate him as a fit and proper candidate . ( Loud cheers . )
Mr Bro ? k , of Huddersfield , seconded the norm
nation . Mr Bright tben presented himself to address the meeting on behalf of Sir C . Eardley . He said , that he bad been requested to read to the meeting a brief address from Sir C . Eardley , who was prevented from being present by illness . Mr Bright then read the paper , which commenced with an apology for the absence of Sir C . Eardley , and a vindication of his political career . It then recapi * tulated Ms principles , the first of which was the Ballot . Then the country requires the abolition of all small constituencies , where great men could dictate to the electors even with the Ballot . It requires the substitution of larger districts , I will not say
absolutely equal districts , at the same time I mu « t say there are gigantic districts wbich might be advantageously divided , if long purses are not to carry the day , and candidates are to be killed with fatigue . ( Laughter . ) Then , why have one law of qualification for members in Scotland , and another in England ? Surely a candidate who is good enough for the e eelor 8 , is good enough for the house , and a man with a little stake is as likely to be honest as a man witb a great stake . ( Cheers . ) Then , as to the duration of Parliament , the Whigs teok away our Triennial Parliament—that is ( said the right honourable gentleman ) the Whigs of 140 years ago , not the Whigs ofthe present day ; and if the Whigs
will not restore them , we must recover tbem without them . And now I come to the Suffrage . The people are not fairly represented , andthe people will never be satisfied till they are fairly represented . The knowledge and intelligence of tbe people has rapidly increased of late years , and tbe Suffrage ought to be extended so as to make Parliament a fair reflection of intelligent public opinion . I believe the municipal franchise applied to Parliament would do this—meaning , of course , the Municipal : Suffrage for boroughs—and something analogous for ' counties . But in this matter I shall try to act with i
the Reform party . If we can beat the _TorieB , old : I and new , with the Municipal Franchise , I think it t will be best . But , if something wider is required , , in order to rally public opinion , I tell you frankly r that I prefer Household Suffrage to standing still . I . To my apprehension , Household Suffrage would be e somewhat too far for a first step * , but to stand stitttt in the midst of revolutionised Europe would be ie dangerous to the peace and integrity of the empire , e . ( Cheers . ) I desire a thorough revision of our na- ' itional expenditure , but I fear we shall never obtain in it till Parliament is reformed . Such a Parliament it
will command the confidence of Ireland—not by ie- 1-pealing the Union , but by making it real—not by ly bribing the priests , but by doing equal justice tb all . il . By this means our army will be diminished ; but ut who dare hope for a thorough reduction of out ut army , and of auy otber department , under the pre-e sent system ? Reform will develope Free Trade , le . Colonial interests will then no longer be able to force ee you to consume dear sugar . The repeal of the be Navigation Laws may , perhaps , be gained at _once-e ; but it will . then be certain . Again , our whole county ity system will be likely to be revised . I ask—and Id I ask it as a landowner deeply interested inthe reply— . *— . why are payers of rates to elect those who _expended them in towns and not in counties ? Again , we we
should have some chance of repealing the Game . me Laws and abolishing Church Rates—( hear , _hear)—)—« i with a reformed Parliament—those two fertile tile I sources of parochial crime and parochial _quarrels _/ _els . The one is not more prejudicial to morality than thethei other is to religion . And now I am brought to ato ai subject which I mention last , though I feel it mostaostl —most because there is nothing for wbichbichi we need Parliamentary reform more thaahani to prevent statesmen making a tool of religion . ion .. You will never prevent this on Tory principl _«^ l « _, You are only insulting a Catholic if yon refuse himhimi your money for his faith , while you demand his h _\«! money for your own . Gentlemen , we must eitheitheii pay all or none . And I say , both as a citizen and and ) as a Protestant , let us pay none . Nay , I contend , atd , ati a mere bearer of the Christian name , —I think if I tt !)
were a sincere Roman Catholic I should feel it as't au much as I do now ,- * that it is treason to the verj verjj idea of religion to make a plaything of Christianity nity to tell the Catholic that his faith is on a level witt wittt heresy and the Protestant that his faith is on a leve levee with Popery . Such a course is equivalent to a _nationationaa profession of infidelity ( ' Oh 1 ob ! ' ) , and to such mch 11 course I will not be a party . —The address _concludedudeci by assuring the electors , that if elected , he ( Sir CSir CC Eardly ) , would be a faithful advocate of their liberaiberaa opinions , and tbe guardian of their local _inferestsrestss Mr Bright tben _continu-d to say , ( hat by thby thb permission of the _TJuder-Sheriff he would address Iress i : few words to the meeting on behalf of Sir ( Sir (( Eardley , and just such as he might have _espressetresseei bad he been present . Mr Bright proceeded amidamidd hisses and cheers to address the meeting . He nHe rn garded tbat vast meeting as a jury assembled to ti to Wi
-
-
Citation
-
Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 16, 1848, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_16121848/page/7/
-