On this page
- Departments (3)
-
Text (14)
-
TILE LAM). v- . TO TO THE WORKING CLASSES.
-
' biesd f unaDS,—'I am bnt thc resuseita...
-
AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL.
-
VOL. YIII. NO. 392. LONDON, SATURDAY, MA...
-
TO THE WORKING CLASSES. Mv Dear FniExns,...
-
fmimx MtMmxit
-
FRANCE. The Foktificatioxs.—The project ...
-
More Fires.—At London, Canada West, Sund...
-
Crafted flftotom-mtss.
-
OBJECTS AXD CONSTITUTION OF TUB SCOTTISH...
-
Bradford.—Strike at Mr. Rand's Mill.—On ...
-
1 «fJi_ tiTanTfli anil in the wealth and...
-
LONDON. Metropolitan District Council.—S...
-
Banking and Paper Money.—Mr. Cobbett say...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Tile Lam). V- . To To The Working Classes.
TILE LAM ) . v- . TO TO THE WORKING CLASSES .
' Biesd F Unads,—'I Am Bnt Thc Resuseita...
' biesd f unaDS , — 'I am bnt thc resuseitator , the renoand n and redecorator of yonr political principles , m the _jni the father , mother , grandfather and grand-• uncV , uncle , aunt , and godfather and godmother of all farmall farm plan as applicable to the regulation of and tt and to the establishment of the value of lai ilie _sjji llie artificial market , by testing its value in tural _tftural market . Always keep those two _consifflsiniionsin view , and never lose sightof them . The t of " % _-of the Land has now become paramount ia
anee jriance ioaH others . The better payment of the - has ) _& has not blunted their appetite for the Land : tkouadtkoug h even yet they understand the subject ni * riim _** rfecfly . nevertheless they are teginiiing to 5 it is it very greedily , and to look anxiously _lowlctoowlcdge WW - _*"• - it is a whole question , ncei need not—indeed cannot—be profitably I nped up _w _*** 1 any ° _*; ner question , because the so _<* _£ a > carries the mind away from the subject _, t _uu % * t mean that the value of the land , as at _prer-oiist fonstituting the -franchise , should not be dis-1 ; Ucil ; but what I mean is , that no oilier subject
_ild _bq-M be mixed np with the practical management mall -mall farms . I mean , that those who consider _esiofce-sion to be nine points of the law , and who bee thee the Land to be national property , should not _nss _-tenss the question of possession and first principles _eflieiteflier . Every man—and 1 am one of those who ieve jeve tliat the Land is national property—must ic tone to Ihe conclusion that the first great step in the _lisatiJL-atiou of that principle is to get possession—that that that 100 , 000 men , for instance , in possession of r or ir or two acres each , wonld be a much better first bttpiBttple army than a million or two millions with-¦ anyt any land at alL Tou will recollect , that , in the
_testitest of our Charter agitation , I contended against foil folly of every speaker laying down to his audience _r-ft _^ ry aung- that the Charter was to do . There were _oy my things propounded which it could not mi , many that it would not do , and many that vol would be unjust to do , and the foreshadow-0 % of those things , impossible , impracticable , 1 uod unjust , created disgust , suspicion , and alarm in r iu * ranks ; 1 shall , therefore , confine myself in this taster to the consideration of the -value of the land : dlsdlshall endeavour to illustrate its value by the _imVioion of practical men . For the last week I have of the in
_ccn _^ _cn _iiu-tructing one very best men this _ftkfttU in the management of land . I have stood over _jcnjcincn for many hours of tbe day , not as hired _iS _^ _Jns stand over slaves , but as an instructor , chcer _$$ communicating the knowledge he possessed to ' ttsfi _& e to whom it may he useful . I made it my _jsf-cf ' mcss to inquire into the condition of all the _i _^^ ljourcrs ; and , without leading them , I arrived at ibe ' _- jbeir opinions with respect to the small farm plan , _fl _jjd J will give you the veriatim conversation tliat _itfitfk . place between me and one of those men , whose a ssk * is Peat . " Peat , would you like to have some
a- _ajjdf" " Yes sir , I would . " " Have yougot any ?" _«• ' * _- _* _Jes sir , about as much as we have planted now . " ft _tfe _mte plantmgpouto _& acmrding to my plan ) . I i _jidsured it , and it was about six perches , or the ¦ teity-seventh part of an acre . " What do you pay i ff nan * land V "I pay £ 5 4 s . a year for that and jfe cottage . " "How long hare yon lived there ?" _"Trcnty-fivc years come Michaelmas . " " Have _waprnd your rent ? " "Yes , sir , I must do that . " "What family have you ? " "A wife and eleven ¦ juldren ; I had thirteen , and there are eight at "home » iih me . " "Now , which would you rather have , the
_jf _/ _usc without the land for £ 4 a-year , or the house aid land for £ 5 4 s . ? ' "Why , lhad rather have the ' jd , tobe sore . I had rather have the land and _imse for £ 5 4 s . a-year , than the house without the ' ¦ pi for £ 3 a-year . The land helps me to pay the _j _ : besides , thc family could all help me a bit atthe jaS . " " Why do you like the land so much ?" " _\^ hy , because lean hare just as I want of my own jknever I want it , and , much , or little , it ' s always ; krc for me , and I have it better than I can buy it " "How do you make manure ? " " I keep apig , and « s-kilie land weU" "Do you sell the pig ? " "No , a ; wily part of it—theliams help to pay the rent , neat thc rest . " " Now , Peat , teD me , which would
_Tianther have , four acres of land and a cottage at a lair rent , a good rent—indeed a huge rent , or get a jand a-week to work for a good master ? " " Oh , * % I'd rather have the land to be sure , because _iben I'd be my own master . " "Do yon think you Ttwilil work as well for yourself as you would for aether master V "Ay , sir , I think so , and better titan I'd work for any master . " " So would I , Peat ; Timid you ever be behind in your rent f' " No , sir , ferJloseitthen . " "Doyouevergetanythingfrom _ '< ari * h to help you with a wife and eleven childhi ? ' " No , sir , not since the union plan turned 3 , lull used sometimes to get three and fourshil-5 k ? a week before . "
. _" M ' _-v that is not the substance , but is the literal , the fflti , the verbatim conversation that passed between _3 , an \ see the conclusion towhich Peat , after _tweniyhe years' trial , liad come . He has the twenty-;« mth part of an acre of ground , and he is satisfied » ia * - £ 2 Is . a year for that amount , and says that _iei-osM not hold his house for three pounds a year in for the land , —that is , he pays at the rate of ~ 5 S . *"• ¦ . per acre for the bit of land that he holds . If ' . **(¦ _* - <¦ to begin to reason upon he feelings of this sum \ _im would laugh at me , so I leave you the conversafwii and Ms rwenty-fiveyears _' _cxnsrienceto think n _* * n ; and also I throw out for your reflection the
'J & tliat onr Land Society proposes to give each _ttt-q-anta good cottage , two acres of land , and some-- % tfl g 0 on _vvjfl _^ for £ g a-year ; being four shillings _**?««¦ less than Peat pays for a cottage and the _^ _aiiy-sej-entk part of one acre . Recollect that _~> a year is little more than threepence a day , and _jat a pint of ale costs threepence . Recollect that _f *" " labourer who works from six to six , and has an sow f or his breakfast and an hour for his dinner , ••" -ns two shillings a day , that he earns nearly three I « nce an hour , and that an hour's labour of each _Vwaipay his rent . And also bear in mind , that * _**" * man who employs him has a profit upon his "Jfr ' s labour after paying him his wages .
The only fault that my friend could find with my -wardship -was , that if his larder had not been weU -Wed 1 should have created afamine ; and now , after 2 _y lew days in the fields , lam better , stronger , and _Appier than I have been for a very long time . The ! _-SEei { . al gratification that I derived from the opera' _snwasthis : you know that in my work upon the aaagement of Small Farms , I speak ofthe difficulty K reducing very stiff clay land to friable mould , but - do not lay it down as an impossibility . The field , " * i-ere vte were working , was two years ago as stiff a _&? as conld be possibly found , and now , bysubsoiling iter trenching ; and _Aeapplication ofa little chalk , _fe whole field is fine enough for mould for _flower-!*«" " . It is as -fine mould as ever I saw . 'there is
- _** , growing in it , wheat sown broadcast , wheat _^• "flindrills , wheat dibbled , and wheat transplanted ; 7 " % , oats , Swedish turnips , potatoes in beds _**& *& whole , potatoes in drills , winter tares , spring f _^ npe , and cabbages . The field contains about - & _aa _^ _aiid a quarter , and I de f y any one man _^ ? % liis own Labour to extract the full amount / - _^' t _ilat it is capable of making ; and , although . • Jb means good land for spade _liusbandry , inviting _^ « laud that if I had a choiee I would select to
" 3 <« nt my livelihood upon , yet I declare , _withsut _J _^ atm ' _s heaiation , that I would rather pay £ 10 a _f _^* ! , - 'J" it and a _^ sm all cottage , than work for the t _f IDasi « " in the world for a pound a week , or £ 52 I _^ _V and I'd live better too , and be more inde-W _^ _^ tonse 'l _* ' _Q'fly _-O 101 * nappy ; and I would _^ » o nan my Jmsier _^ _jjj _^ _^^ _^ _ji _% _& _^ _* ' "** wk when I was able , and as much as I " * - - and Lave the consolation of knowing that
. strok e of work was for my own benefit . If I * - * - 9 ck Vl V *• _aa _^ _jj . _tunc m my own bed , in my own house ; Vj _tajj e . _^ w'sn intruder or domestic tyrant sou ght _-5 _a { j _J " me , I-would endeavonrtoprovemy tu _^ ert J * ant * love of country by summoning my J * defence of their property . . d _^ _nnien _, _ilaf _sUberty . ' When you have that , * ae _9 _* ure _> en 0 Ush - ' loofe for moK > and yon re sure to wouldt * antI _uafing privileges of _^ our own , you j , _w more _conservaii-re nf _thenri-nleixea of others .
_ik _!^^ prataDee _»* at _latfewii-iotliepoasessionof % tan mehi _^ _-i _^ Mt _^ veB _^ ofihenvms _**<• * _^ 1 if- r _* tte b * m m * wholesale market , » tb ?* , reta 3 market : * ™ smtaHequantities , * " _**« _% price . Kow , _mmd that . _Eten if
' Biesd F Unads,—'I Am Bnt Thc Resuseita...
it was possible for each man in his individual capacity to rent the amount of land he desired from the owner of that land , he must pay the retail price to the wholesale dealer ; whereas , when 2000 or more club their pence together , they can buy it at the wholesale price , and retail it in the required allotments at the wholesale price , precisely as you would deal wholesale and retail with any other articlehats , for instance , er spades , or shovels , or even bread or butter . If 1000 men require a certain amount of any of those commodities , they will have the whole retail profit , by _clubbingasufflcient amount to purchase in the wholesale market , when they can
afterwards subdivide or distribute the commodity at the wholesale price . _Isow . think of those things till next week , when I shall follow up the subject in another letter , and let me beg of you to let all that the boobies say about the Land pass in at one ear and outthrongh the other ; for I assure you they know no more of the land , its capabilities , and its applicability to the regulation of wages , than an Irish pig knows of geometiy . In fact , I would place any one of them upon their own mental resources upon ten
acres of land , rent free , and unless , like Nebnchadnezer , they could live upon grass , they'd starve , and wliile they werc starving they'd swear that I was a fool , that the land was a rock , and that you were aH dupes . Keep your mind to the land . The land is yours , and one day . or other you'll hive your share of it ; and the sooner you arrive at a knowledge of its value , the sooner will you be prepared to assert the great principle , that ihb laxd is the _people ' s n ? - _hebizaxce , and that kings , _rmscES , peers , xobles , PRIESTS AXD COMMOSERS , WHO HAVE STOLES IT PSOM
THEM HOLD IT UPON THE TITLE OF POPULAn IGXOEAXCE BATHER THAX UPOX _AXV BIGHT , HEMA . V OR _Mvixe . The natural right is yours . The human usurpation is theirs ; and believe me , that when this question is thoroughly understood , and when the moles begin to grope backwards in the dark—when popular knowledge threatens destruction to oligarchical usurpation—when tyrants see that freemen are in tamest , then all who now repudiate the plan will stamp me as the proponnder _, that I may suffer the penalty that has ever followed those who have
attempted to put the working classes in possession of the land . The dread of the Charter agitation was but a flea-bite compared to this " nip " at the aristocracy ; aud as I was one of the first to suffer for the advocacy of that measure , I shall be prepared to rank amongst the foremost ofthe small farm victims . Don't be deceived—when the question becomes national , Iatonce become the victim . I was thefirst victim to the Poor Laws , tiie first victim to the Charter , the first victim to the libel law , and , with God ' s blessing and ministerial pre f erence , I shall be the first victim to "the land restoration treason . "
Your f aithful friend and servant , FEA-f tSTJS O'COSSOB .
And National Trades' Journal.
AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL .
Vol. Yiii. No. 392. London, Saturday, Ma...
VOL . YIII . NO . 392 . LONDON , SATURDAY , MAY 17 1845 PRICE _"vepence _«* _____ ' _JiiXVJi . v _ _' „ i , _m-ax il , _lO-iU . Five _Shillinus and Sixpence per _OuaiK" _,
To The Working Classes. Mv Dear Fniexns,...
TO THE WORKING CLASSES . Mv Dear FniExns , —I have this week concluded my observations upon the attacks recently made upon me in the National Reformer , and when you reflect on the times we live in , the mind we have to appeal to , and the allegations set forth in the letters of my several opponents , you will not say that I have devoted more space to the subject than its necessity
demanded . One of the principal objects of my life has been to compel those who put themselves prominently forward in any movement , to submit to -vigilant popular control . In the outset of my Chartist career , I promised at all times to submit my conduct to popular investigation , and one of my chief endeavours since , has been to create an enlightened mind for pnblic men to appeal to . I have found great benefit from my resolution , and for this reason—because the working classes , who have known me long , and watched me well , will not condemn me npon the mere fabricated charges of any man .
I never have and I never shall flinch from appearing before a popular tribunal , to whom I shall at all times be willing and ready to submit my conduct . In talking over this subject , there is one fact which must inevitably present itself to every mind : it is this—that each ahd every man who has attacked me , has first abandoned the national movement and then sought some frivolous cause of quarrel with me as a justification for desertion , whereas the true and honourable course for all who differed , whether sh' ghtlv or extensively , with me , would have been to
have remained in the ranks , wher e they could have better combated against error and exposed want of principle . I was always aware that the " poor gentlemen" would abandon the people ' s cause when the Chartist party was unable or unwilling to support them . To a man deprived of the means of livelihood , no matter how he obtained his living , the loss of bread is not borne quietly . I dare say the thief whose intentions are frustrated by the vigilance of a policeman , looks upon the policeman as a great " tyrant" and a " despot . "
In 1837 , about the last time I saw poor Jolm Knight , of Oldham , as good a man as ever lived , he called after me as I was leaving his house , and said , "Eh , Feargus , they'll kill thee , as sure as thou'rt alive . " "Who , " said I . "Why , them London folk—Lovett , Vincent , and them chaps ; they killed Henry ( Hunt ) , and they'll kill thee . " "Why , kill me , John ? " " Why ! because , mun , thou ' rt taking the bread ont of their mouths ; " and I replied , " John , I'll kill them all . " Now , my friends , trace the course of vituperation to which I have been exposed
from that day to the present , and you will find that John was right , and that every attack made upon me , has come from fellows who were too proud to work , and too poor to live without labour . A very trifling circumstance , indeed , is sufficient to make them quarrel with me . A stray sentence , an inadvertent word , a single hasiy expression is easily caught up , and constitutes ample cause of quarrel , while it is remarkable that any difference with Feargus O'Connor is at once the signal for all who have been at daggers drawn to sink all their " minor differences . "
There is one fact which I must now state to the English people . It is this ; my greatest enemies have been those who owe me large sums of money , and especially those who entered upon the news agency business with the intention of " Pcshixg the Northebs Star . " Those gentlemen imagined that they best served their own interests by advocating the Northern Star as long as they were making profit of it , but the moment they were asked for payment , then Feargus O'Connor was a "tyrant , " and the Nortlieni Star was a " rascally paper . " Now I dare say youwillbe astonished tohcar , that , independently of those who have received gifts of money from me ,
there is now due to me by agents , who experimental ized upon the sale of the Star , no less a sum than £ 2000 and upwards ; some of them who are now loudest in abuse of me , owing me between £ 40 and £ 50 each . In this list I do not include a great number o f good honest fellows , who , as agents , actually did spend their profits and mine upon " pushing" the cause of Chartism , and to whom I never have and never shall apply for payment . In fact , I have felt a strong affection for those men , as exceptions to the general rule ; the practice being to abuse rae by sliding scale , those who owe me most abusing me best .
With respect to the revelations of Mosley , Watkins , and Hill , fathered by O'Brien , I make no doubt that every Chartist in England , Scotland , and Wales , wiU exult in the answer that I have given to their fabrications , and will laugh atthe manner in which they have enabled me to " poach" them into a corner . Ashton ' s wife is sick , he says , and he is a poor weaver , and therefore cannot answer » e yet ; why , he had nothing to answer except his own letters . Mosley makes a hodge-podge about 1839 , and 1842 , and Mr . Hobson and the Tewn Council of Leeds , with which I have nothing whatever to do ; and Bill in his comment upon my letter , ' acknow
ledges himself to have attempted to palm a falsehood upon the people under the guise of truth . He says , " I only said that what Ashton wrote was true , and Mr . O'Connor confirms it . " Bnt he does not tell you that what Ashton said was , that he communicated Frost ' s danger to Hill , and that Hill communicated it to me in time to save Frost , and that the impression Ashton ' s letter was intended to convey , and Hill ' s _coufirvnatvon to strengthen , was , that I was put in possession of the secret in time to have communicated with Frost .
Now , although I shall at all times be ready to submit ever } ' act of mine to popular revision , I shall not feel myself justified in ever again taking up so much of the space that belongs to you in travelling over this beaten ground . What I have done was indispensable—it was as necessaiy for the preservation of my own honour as for the succass of your cause , for though I am but an individual , I have vanity enough to believe that my character cannot suffer damage without injuring the cause of the working classes ; and to this fact alone I attribute the machinations of the people ' s enemies . I have now done with this subject . I leave it , and for ever , with this simple observation—that while I am true , I
expect you to be confiding ; while I am honest , I expect you to support me , * and when the foul breath of slander shall have faded before the fresh breeze of public opinion , and when our day of resurrectionwliich , believe me , is at hand—shadl arrive , you will findmewith increased strength , with renewed vigour , and undiminished resolution , prepared once more to brave the dock , the dungeon , or the scaffold , when those in whose service my life has been spent shall will their freedom . I need not tell you that I would not abandon you for worlds , that I would not sell you for anything short of your Charter , and that I will not be a pensioner upon your resources as long as I have God ' s gift—my health , iny strength , and my pride to live upon .
I remain , Your faithful friend and devoted servant , Feargus O'Connor .
Fmimx Mtmmxit
_fmimx _MtMmxit
France. The Foktificatioxs.—The Project ...
FRANCE . The Foktificatioxs . —The project of law relative to the armament of the fortifications of Paris passed the Chamber of Deputies on Friday , by the great majority of 227 to 131 . Notwithstanding this decisive vote , an amendment , moved b y M . Bethmont , to the effect that the cannon to be deposited at Bourges should not be allowed to be removed to Paris except by virtue of a special law , was only rejected by a majority of 21 , and that notwithstanding the guarantee embodied in the bill , that the cannon could only be brought to the capital in case of war , a pretty strong proof of the uneasiness with whicli the opposition look upon the walls they were in such a hurry to raise .
What ' s in the Wind ?—The Revue de Paris states that thc report of the contemplated arrival in Paris of several crowned heads was daily gaining credit . " WeU informed persons have assured ns , " says that paper , "that this congress of constitutional royalties will take place in Paris next July . The illustrious personages who aye to be the guests of the King of thcFrench are the Queen of Great Britain , (!) the young Queen of Spain , the King and the Queen of Naples , and the King of Holland . ' The Duke and Duchess de Nemours will proceed to the coast to
meet her Britannic Majesty , who is to arrive the first ; the Prince de Joinviile will wait on Queen Isabella at the Spanish frontier ; the Duke d'Aumale will accompany his uncle , the King of Naples , frem Marseilles to Paris ; and the Duke de Montpensier will repair to Dunkirk to receive the King of Holland , who is to land in that harbour . The King has ordered several apartments in the Palace of thc Tuileries , together with those formerly occupied by Henry IV . in the Louvre , which have been richly restored and furnished , to be prepared for the reception ofhis august visitors . "
The _Uncoswebablb Arab . —The Paris papers of Sunday are without interest . The late movements of Abd-el-Kader have caused so much concern that , according to the Constitutionnel , the French Government has despatched General Delarue , armed with plenipotentiary powers , to the Emperor of Morocco , with a view of obliging the latter to fulfil that article ofthe treaty of Tangier , by which his Majesty bound himself to undertake the expulsion of Abd-el-Kader from his dominions . Condition of the Labouring Classes . —M . Lcdru Rollin presented to the Chamber of Deputies on Saturday a petition signed by 25 , 000 persons , who prayed that an inquiry be instituted into the condition ofthe labouring classes of France .
The Moniteur announces that Mr , Daniel O'Connor , son of General Arthur O'Connor , had applied to the Keeper of thc Seals for authority to place before his name that of "de Condorcet , " wliich is that of his mother , the only child of the celebrated Condorcet . The Jesuits . —The National states that— " Shortly after the vote of the Chamber of Deputies relative to religious congregations , M . Martin du Nord , the Minister of Justice , had sent for the celebrated preacher Father Ravignan , and endeavoured to reason him into acquiescence in the desire ofthe Assembly , and to prevail upon him to consent to a compromise , which would satisfy the clergy and place his own responsibility under cover . The Minister represented to M . Ravignan , that ' after the decision of thc Chamber hc could no longer wink at the existence of unauthorised religious communities—that
• his - seal for the interests ot the church gave him a right to expect that the clergy would assist him in a position so delicate '—and that he relied on his cooperation to induce the congregation in the Rue des Postesto dissolve itself and join the great body ofthe clergy . M . Ravignan replied to M . Martin , that if , as a Minister , he was obliged to abide by the decisions of the Legislature , the pious cenobites of that community were under obligations to the Holy See , to religion , and to themselves , far more sacred than worldly interests , and that the */ could not acquiesce in any such terms . The discussion becoming warmer by degrees , M . Martin threatened to have recourse to the administrative measures recommended by the Chamber , when Father Ravignan declared to him that 'the Jesuits of the Rue des Postes were determined to wait the result , and yield only to the power of bayonets . '"
Ixsckrection in _Algeria . —A letter from Algiers ofthe 6 th , states that the insurrection is complete in the mountains of the Ouarenserris , and that several of the Arab chiefs who had received appointments from the Governor-General have been sacrificed . It is also stated that nearly 2000 mounted Arabs appeared on the 28 th ult . before Orieansville , and menaced an attack , but withdrew on a sortie being made by the garrison , supported by the cannon of the camp . On the 30 tli , a serious engagement took place in sight of Orieansville , between the hostile Arabs and a French detachment . The Arabs were defeated , with a loss of twenty killed . The French had only two men killed , and six wounded .
SWITZERLAND . Dr . Steiger . —The Ami de la Constitution of Berne announces , that on the 0 th instant the Government of that canton had despatched M . Aubry , a member of the Grand Council , to solicit a pardon for Dr . Steiger , who had been condemned by the criminal tribunal of Lucerne to be executed . The Debats publishes Dr . Steiger ' s address to the tribunal by which he was condemned . In this address the doctor describes liimself as a man led altogether by his feelings and sympathies . He reminds liis judges that headoptedtliemedieal profession from the soledesirc of relievinglmman suffering , wliile it was the daily arriving accounts ofthe hardships of his exiled
coiuitiymen that prompted him to join tliem , and , notwithstanding his position , lie calls upon the Government to revoke their invitation to the Jesuits , or else there can be no peace . The Paris Globe says , it is en abled to state that the life of Dr . Steiger will be spared . The cantons of Uri and Unterwalden are at present quarrelling with Lucerne _abu-. it the money pawl by way of ransom for the _prisoner , of whicli the latter is keeping the lion ' s share . _Si-.-h is the way in which this miserable civil war is terminating . Release of the Prisoners . —The accounts from Switzerland of the 7 tb inst ., state that _allthc prisoners wha are not natives ot Lucerne had been released , and the only captives remaining , 584 in number , belonged to the canton .
Confirmation of ibdb Sentence oiv Du . Stemeb . — Letters from Zurich of the _fthinst . state that the capital sentence pronouneed against Dr . Steiger has been coiifirmed by the Supreme Tribunal of Lucerne . Hislasthope rests in the Grand Council , which alone can pardon him . The Governments of Zurieh and Berne had each sent one of their members to Lucerne to intercede in his favour .
France. The Foktificatioxs.—The Project ...
Later News . —Ihe Presse of Wednesday publishes accounts from Zurich and Berne of the 10 th inst . The success obtained by the Conservative party in the elections of St . Gall had been balanced by the triumph of the Radicals in those of Thurgovia , so that the respective positions of the two parties in the Diet continue unchanged . The German troops which lined the Rhenish frontier and the Voralberg still formed , to the north and east of the Swiss territory , a cordon of about sixty leagues in extent , the principal points of which were'Loerrach , Constance , _Lhnlau , and Bregentz . This last town maintained a strong Austrian garrison , which was in communication with that of Inspruck . The Government of Berne had superseded , in his post of Professor of Law , M . _Wiihelm Snell , the soul ofthe ultra-Radical party .
UNITED STATES . Liverpool , Wednesday . —The Royal mail steamship Caledonia , Captain Lott , arrived in the Mersey on Tuesday , a little before midnight , bringing New York advices to the 30 th ult . j and late accounts from Canada , Washington , Mexico , & c , and a large number of passengers , one of whom is the Hon . A . Smith , _Charge d'Affaires of Texas , whose mission , according to the New York Herald , is , " to see what new conditions they may procure for Texas , provided she remain independent , and refuse annexation to this country . " The Oregon . —The papers received abound in comments upon the Oregon declarations . The Polk papers are all for war ; out this insanity is anything but generally shared . The semi-official Washington
Globe calls upon the President to adhere to the spirit and even the letter of his inaugural address , and says , " it is our solemn conviction that we shall soon again be called on to take up arms against our former and oxily Stdvmary . " _, The Richmond Inquirer , the avowed and - acknowledged organ of Mr . Polk , has the following : — "Whilst we would most earnestly deprecate a war with England _^—of ivhieh we see no prospect—we would not recede an inch from our national rights . If Oregon be ours , let us maintain it at all costs . Let , however , no rash proceedings mark the course of our Government . Let a wise , prudeut , dignified , and enlightened policy be pursued . Let all fair and honourable measures he resorted to , which , while they will maintain our rights , will settle the controversy to thc satisfaction of both nations , if it be possible .
As a specimen of the arguments on the " other side , " we quote the following from the New York Courier and Enquirer , in reply to the Globe : — This , so far as it goes , certainly indicated a disposition , on the part ofthe dominant party , to insist upon onr whole claim to Oregon , even at the hazard of war . We do not believe any such action will be sustained by the people . The question is pre-eminently one for arbitration . If our claim is not just , we oughtnot to insist npon it . Great Britain lias heretofore offered to submit it to such arbitration under the most liberal conditions . This proffer of peace was rejected , with more emphasis
than , dignity , by our government . Should it be renewed , we have no hesitation iu saying that it should be at once accepted . "We shall run no risk of losing anything to which we have a right ; and when rights are conflicting , mutual concessions—concessions whicli a neutral party would deem just— should reconcile them . If we should be pluuged , by madness or folly , into war with England or with the world , we should do all in our power to insure its vigorous prosecution and successful issue ; but we trust the country will not become eugaged in such a contest , without having exhausted all honourable efforts for the preservation of peace .
The New York Coxximexxial _Advex'tiser of thc 30 th ult . publishes a rumour-That the result of the President ' s deliberations with his cabinet on the Oregon question was a determination to follow the example of the British Government on the Maine boundary affair , and send a special minister to London . Even the minister has heen named—Mr . Van Buren—and we have heard also , in this connection , the nameofanothev distinguished leader in the Democratic party . The Commercial does not know whether to believe tliis or not ; but , if anything , leans in its favour , notwithstanding that it had " not been able to trace it to an authentic source . " The _BoiraiY Theatre in New York has been again totally destroyed by fire .
MEXICO . The Annexation Question . —The papers of the city of Mexico and of Vera Cruz continue to be occupied almost exclusively with the subject of annexation . The official paper , El Diario del Gobierno , of the 3 rd inst ., announces that it is in possession of certain movements on the part of the Government of a warlike character , whicli it is constrained to withhold from the public , as secresy is the soul of military operations ; but expresses a hope that the speedy and successful issue of these operations will soon relieve the public cariosity in regard to them . The New York Journal of Commerce publishes the following important extract of a letter from the city of Mexico , dated the 28 th of March : — "The
Government has issued orders for the defence o f the ports , fortresses , & c , arid it is acknowledged that if Texas does not comply with their last request , war will be openly declared . " And the New Orleans Bulletin again says — "A letter from a respectable source in Vera Cruz , under date ofthe 2 nd inst ., says , that an act had passed to a second reading in the Mexican Congress , making it high treason for any person to propose a recognition of the independence of Texas , or the peaceable possession of that countiy by the United States . A majority of the members , it is further stated , are in favour of active hostilities against Texas , in order to provoke a war and throw the onus of it on the United States . "
Mr . Shannon , the American Minister , had retired to Tacubaya , and was expected to take his departure for the United States in a few days . Awful Earthquake . —The Vera Cruzano , of the 12 th of April , contains the account of an awful earthquake , which desolated the city of Mexico on the 7 th of April . At the moment we write , says the Sligo of the 8 th , the inhabitants ofthe capital of the republic are still under the influence ofthe horrors excited by the earthquake of yesterday , the disastrous effects of which we are still imperfectly acquainted with . Yesterday , at fifty-two minutes past three , p . m ., the oscillations began , slight at first and then stronger . The direction of the motion appeared to be north and south . It lasted about t _; vo minutes . _T * fhe shocks
were terrible , nothing like them was ever experienced before , and the condition of thc buildings too surely proves the absence of all exaggeration . We were fey chance upon the great square at the time , and we witnessed a s pectacle not easily forgotten . In an instant the multitude , but a moment previous tranquil and listless , were on their knees , praying to the Almighty , and counting with anxiety the shocks which _tlu-eatened to convert the most beautiful city in the new world into a vast mass of ruins . The chains surrounding the portico were violently agitated ; the flags of the pavement yawned open , the trees bent frightfully , the buildings and lofty edifices oscillated to and fro , * the immense arrow which crowns the summit of the cathedral vibrated with astonishing
rapidity ; at fifty-six minutes . past three the movement had ceased . It is impossible yet to ascertain the extent of destruction . Not a house or a door but bears the marks of this terrible calamity . Many of them are cracked and greatly injured , others are tottering , and others entirely fallen ; San Lorenzo , La Misericordia , Tompeate , Zapo , and Victoria streets , and the Grand-street , have particularly suffered . The aqueducts were broken in several places . The hospital o f Saint Lazarus is in ruins , and thc churches of San Lorenzo and San Ferdinand greatly injured . The magnificent chapel of St . Tcrasa no longer exists . At the first shock the cupola , a
building of astonishing strength and great beauty , fell , and was soon followed by the vault beneath the tabernacle , and the tabernacle itself . Fortunately all those in a church so much frequented succeeded in escaping . At eight o'clock last evening seventeen persons had been taken from the ruins of other buildings and carried to the hospital . At three quarters past six , and a quarter past seven , two more shocks were felt . They were , however , slight , and occasioned nothing but a temporary renewal of terror . The authorities did everything that zeal and humanity could suggest to carry help to the victims , and restore the aqueducts which furnish water to the city .
MONTE VIDEO AND BUENOS AYRES . The War . —Tne following is an extract of a letter from Monte Video , dated the 17 th of February , 1815 , received per packet on Saturday last : — "On the morning of thc llth instant two of Brown ' s vessels commenced throwing shot into the city . After firing about forty or fifty , doing a great deal of damage , they sheared off . One of the schooners belonging to this place went out and fought them both , and drove them off . After fighting about an hour she hauled one of them twice . I was on the house top all the
time , and the balls flew over my head . Some came very near . Two or three people were killed , and others wounded . By what we hear from Buenos Ayres we may expect to be bombarded very shortly . If thatbe the case , we shall all have to leave , but I do not believe they can do it . We hare fourteen or fifteen vessels of war , small and large , belonging to this Government , and , I tliink , with these and the forts , which aH have furaaceB to make red hot shot , Brown will not be able to stand them . "—Liverpool _AVritn ,
France. The Foktificatioxs.—The Project ...
Later News . —By the Faunette , a French vessel , which has arrived at St . Maloes , we have received accounts from Monte Video to the Sth of March . The following are the principal events whicli they mention : —General Rivera was moving southward at the head of the main army of the Banda Oriental . It was believed that his first move would be on Maldonado _, but that lie would advance from there upon Monte Video . A Brazilian paper gives the following news of his movement , as liaving been received by
way of Rio Grande : — " General Rivera broke up his camp at the end of last month , and marched towards the centre of the Oriental State , inclining towards Sebollati . " The House of Representatives of Corrientes had constituted itsolf a Congress of the Argentine Republic , and had named General Paz Commander-in-Chief of the army and director of the war against General Rosas . He had issued an energetic p roclamation to his troops , and at the date of the last accoounts had entered the province of Entre Rios . General Lopez , at thc head of another body of troops , had passed thc Parana at Goya , and was marching on the city of Santa Fe .
BRAZIL . Conclusion of the War in Rio Grande . _—Braziluui papers have been received to the 23 vd of March , the contents of which are more than usually interesting . The civil war in the province of Rio Grande do Sul , which had wasted the resources of Brazil for the last nine years , was at an end . David Canateao , the leader of the insurgents ( who has probably been bought over by Baron Caxias ) , had issued a proclamation to that effect , in which he states that " a foreign power" ( no doubt Buenos Ayres )
"threatens the integrity oi the Brazilian cmpu _* e , and says that "Rio Grande shall never be made the theatre of its iuiquities , " and that he and his _supporter will _sacrifice their party objects for the good of the empire . The event , however produesd , is of great importance , as jt gives the Brazilian Government the entire command of its f orces in the present critical position of affaire in the River Plate . The pacification of Rio Grande was to be celebrated with a solemn Te Deum and great rejoicings at Rio on the 23 rd of March .
ITALY . More Trouble . —The Cologne Gazette of May 9 th , contains a correspondence from Italy , in wliich it is stated that it is generally reported that a new expedition against Sicily , Naples , or the Papal States , will be shortly undertaken by the Italian refugees . The authorities are on their guard . The correspondent adds that the reports are not devoid of foundation . [ We hope that the Italian patriots will be or . their guard too . —Ed . N . S . ] The Bloody Despotism or the Pope . — More Murders . —We take the following from the Morning Herald of yesterday ( Friday ) : —Marseilles , May 10 . —The following is a copy of a letter received this morning from Italy . *— "Florence , May 7 . The greatest tranquillity reigns throughout Tuscany ;
unfortunately it is not the same in the Papal states ; there the agitators continue to conspire , and it will require all the vigilance and energy of the government to prevent another insurrection . The disaffected—and they are in great numbers—arc far from being intimidated by the recent military condemnations ; they hold frequent secret meetings , and during the night post on the church doors the most seditious proclamations . The police is most active , and in many parts of the Pope ' s dominions a military commission holds permanent sittings . Within the last fortnight the following condemnations have been pronounced , and the unfortunate beings executed : two at Ravenna , one at Faenza , two at Urbino , and two at Macerata . The people complain that the military commissioners observe no legal tonus , and oner no security to an innocent accused .
More Fires.—At London, Canada West, Sund...
More Fires . —At London , Canada West , Sunday week , about noon , a fire broke out in Robinson Hotel , and raged with great fury , burning down four squares and a part of three others , destroying buildings which covered thirty acres of ground . One half the town has been destroyed , causing the greatest distress . No lives were lost . The ARlwaukte Sentinel estimates the loss by the fire at that place at 90 , 000 dollars , and the insurance at 40 , 000 dollars . —New York Sun , April 26 . , ,. Burking in _Philadeiphia . —The Philadelphia Post of yesterday contains the following : — "From
all appearance a system of burking is now __ being carried on in our city , wliich is unparalleled in the history of this or any other country . A few days ago wevecovded the sudden disappearance of Mr . Wildash , from Wayne Co ., and now are called upon to state another case ofa similar nature . Mr . Jolm T . Kirk , who came to this city , from Wilmington , on business , on Saturday evening , a week since left the house of Win . A . Ginder , in Southwark , to go to Jenks's foundry , in Kensington , and since then has never been heard of . lie was known to have about 700 dollars , with him . —Bad .
Crafted Flftotom-Mtss.
_Crafted _flftotom-mtss .
Objects Axd Constitution Of Tub Scottish...
OBJECTS AXD CONSTITUTION OF TUB SCOTTISH GENERAL TRADES UNION . _PHEAMDLE . yellow _"Wovkmen , —¦ "Sour every energy has hitherto been ahray 3 required to defend your interests ; anil at no time more particularly than thc present has your position demanded an increase of those exertions . Competition , unless cheeked by the united voices of the working classes , will reduce your present small comforts to a miserable subsistence . At a late meeting of upwards of forty Delegates , from various trades , it was unanimously agreed to form a Scottish General _Tsades _Uiwo . v . A Committee was appointed to draw up its constitution . That Committee liaving laid the following Rules before the Delegates , it was unanimously agreed to print and circulate the _« i . tt is hoped that every Trade , Shop , and Factory , in and round Glasgow , will send a Delegate , and that every Trade in Scotland will join in one grand moral phalanx , and defend the rights of their Order .
OBJECTS . First . —The object of this Society shall he to create a better understanding -among all the Trades of Scotland ; to cement , in one common bond of union , the interests ofthe Working Men , and to protect them against the many encroachments made upon them . The Society has heen brought into existence for the purpose of defending Labour against the aggression of interested Capitalists , and to place in a safe position the rights of the Working Millions . Second . —To regulate the Hours of Labour equalise , as far as possible , the Wages ; and prevent contemplated Strikes , by doing all we can to bring to a mutual understanding the Employer and Employed ; to improve the condition of Ihe Working Classes morally , mentally , and physically ; to erect Halls where all the Trades can transact their general business in puhlic and committee meetings _-Jandto establish Reading Rooms and Libraries .
RULES . I . That this Society shall he governed by an Executive chosen by the whole Society . II , —That every Trade , Shop , and Factory appoint Delegates in proportion to the number of If embers joined ; these Delegates to meet monthly . The Delegates to be appointed at a General Meeting called for the purpose , by those who have joined the Union . III . —That a Circular he published monthly , to report the general business of the Union . That the Executive have power to call a meeting of the whole Society in any emergency . IV . —That no Strike * an take place without a General Meeting being held by the United Trades , and sanctioned by the same . V . —That a Levy be made upon each member to meet any emergency .
VI . —That no Levy can be made unless sanctioned by a general meeting of the Union . VII . —Thatthe weekly instalment be One Penny . VIII . —That the employment of surplus hands forms a prominent feature in the objects of this Union .
Bradford.—Strike At Mr. Rand's Mill.—On ...
Bradford . —Strike at Mr . Rand ' s Mill . —On Monday , a public meeting of the Woolcombers was held near the Temperance Hall , Mv . Raistrick in the chair . The meeting was addressed by Messrs . White , Mullen , Roberts , Flynn , and others . A resolution was proposed by Mr . Robert Mullen , to the effect that the names of all the Woolcombers should be obtained , and handed to the committee , who would print the names of those who had not contributed to thc funds of the Association , and call on them to do so . Such a placard wouldt enable and thus the
the collectors to call on those persons , Protective Society would increase in numbers , me Woolcombers in the employ of Mr . Rand were to come out ; several had already delivered m their combs , and in a few days every maili in thojnu would be on strike . Already had Mr . Rand oftcied an advance on two sorts of wool , but such ani advance could not be accepted unless he _emended it to ah the sorts combed by his order . Mr White « horW the men to be firm . Symptoms of weakness had been _e-ihibitcd by Rand , and he trusted that the men 52 fiL Let every man in the Association _SfisS and bri « _mth him fai thesociety 111 _thTcombers in his _neighbourhood who were not enrolled , and let those who were members advance as much money as lies in their power , and byte means a fund Yfould be _rwaed , and a union formed ,
on such a basis as would defy all - fluence of their oppressors . Each man conld also inform tho committee of nil thc combers m ms _imme- _ _iliat- ; locality , and thus spare the committee a vast deal of troulile . Lest there might be too many irons _, in the fire , it was advisable to postpone the carrying . out of the building of a Hall for the present , and confine themselves exclusively to the moans of conquering tyrannical employers . A vote of thanks was tendered to the chairman , and the meeting separated .
_Bium-oni ) Weavers . —On Tuesday a mooting of the Power-loom Weavers washeld in the Temperance Rooms , Victoria-buildings , to hear thc report of the committee , appointed on Good Friday , to organise thc Wenvws in Bradford mil surround" *? _villagps . Mr . Harrisoii was called to the chair , and called on Mr . Flynn , who read the following report : — " Powerloom Weavers , —Your committee , appointed on Good 1-iiday , at a pnblic meeting of your body , to organise a Protective Society for the improvement of your wages , beg to submit a brief summary of their proceedings to the present time . Our labours were commenced under very unfavourable circumstances . You were a disunited body , unaccustomed to business habits , and strongly prejudiced against Unions , arising out of the defects of former associations ;
therefore , the obstacles that presented themselves at first sight appeared insurmountable . In the late dispute between the Weavers in the employ of Mr . Trimble and his overlooker , Mr . Fawsett _" ; the resistance offered to ihe tyrannical attempts of those gentlemen , althoughsoinewh . it expensive , has fully established your _' charactcr for consistency and courage , and lias been instrumental in increasing your numbers . We have organised the town , and commenced our labours in thc county districts—Great . ttid Little Horton , Ledget Green , and Bowling Back-ianc , are now included in our divisional list . The general
prospects of the society are encouraging . The number of members are above 800 , and the gross receipts from the conuuencement to the present are £ 12 , expenditure above £ 6 , the balance in the treasurer ' s hands £ 3 8 s . 2 ld . In conclusion we thank you icr the confidence reposed in ns , and beg to impress on you thc importance of your position , and call on you for increased " " exertion , confident that perseverance will crown your struggle with a fair day ' s wage for a fair day ' s work . " A code of laws was passed by the meeting , and a secretary elected . The committee was re-elected , and three added to their number . Mr . Rodwell was elected treasurer .
Ddncombe Testimonial . —Cestral _Cosmittse op Tbad . es , -fcc—Parthenium , ft , St . Martin ' s-lane , Wednesday evening , May the 14 th ; Mr . J . Grassby , Carpenter , in the chair . —The following sums were received : —Per Mr . C . Willis and friends , Rochester , 3 s . 6 d . ; . Mr . Bowman , per D . Gover , jun ., 2 s . Cd . ; profits of Soiree held at White Conduit House , £ 3 Us . 10 d . ; Mr . J . W . Parker , Tailor , 2 s . Gd . ; per Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., being sums received through the Northern Star since its location in London , £ 24 9 s . id . ; Peterborough , per E . Scholey , the Shoemakers , 13 s . 0 d ., other friends of T . S . Duncombe , 17 s . Cd . * , Abergavenny , per Mr . T . C . Ingram , first contribution , £ 17 s . 9 d . ; Alnwick , Northumberland , per Mr . G . Pike , jun ., _secondconti'ibutien , £ l 7 s Coventry Local Committee , per Mr . J . Butler , £ 5 ; Bath , per Mr . S . Furze , the balance , Ls . 3 d .: Bolton
Carpenters' Society , per Mr . T . Halsall , ' Js . ; the Chartists of Merthyr Tydvil , second contribution , per Mr . W . _Devfis , £ 1 15 s . M . ; Dorking , Surrey , Local Committee , per Mr . T . Upfold , £ 2 : Hebden Bridge , per Mr . W . Jackson , £ 1 4 s . 2 d . ; Tiverton Loeal Committee , per Mr . W . Rowcliffe _, £ 10 ; Block-printers of Merton , Surrey , per Mr . Bale , £ 5 . The committee earnestly request all officers of Local and District Committees , and all other persons holding monies or books , to transmit the same without delay to the general secretary , Mr . J . Syme , or to the general treasurer , R . Norman , Esq .. without delay , as ( the committee have resolved to finally close on the 4 th day of June next , when a balance sheet will be issued , and all particulars stated for the information of thc subscribers . The Central Committee will continue to meet every Wednesday evening till that period , from half-past eight until halfpast ten , at the Parthenium Club-room , 72 , St . Martin ' s-lane .
Glasgow _Sawvers . —A dispute has taken place betwixt the operative Sawyers of Glasgow and their employers on a question of wages , in consequence of which about 200 of the workmen are at present idle . —Glasgotv National . The Shields Stonemasons . —The Stonemasons of North and South Shields are on the eve of striking for an advance of wages . Their demand is £ 1 to £ 1 4 s . per week . —Morning Herald . _Lancashire ; Miners . —The next general delegate meeting of Liincasliire Miners will be held at the sign of the Queen Anno , Dean Church , on Monday next , May 19 th ; chair to be taken at eleven o ' clock in the forenoon . A public meeting will also be held on the same day , and at the same place , which will be addressed by W . P . Roberts , Esq ., and other gentlemen . The levy for the fortnight , including general contribution , is ls . 8 d . per member . ******* f _> _f-* _- * _+-- _* _- _~^^^^~ _+ r * * r ********
1 «Fji_ Titantfli Anil In The Wealth And...
1 « _fJi _ _tiTanTfli anil in the wealth and in
London. Metropolitan District Council.—S...
LONDON . Metropolitan District Council . —Sunday , May llth ; Mr . J . Simpson in the chair . —The report of the address committee was brought up , and the address was unanimously adopted . The following resolution , on the motion of Mr . J . F . Linden and Mr . Arnott , was unanimously adopted : — " That this council having read the letters from Messrs . J . B . O'Brien , W . Hill , and other correspondents of the National Reformer , regard with disgust the attempts so insidiously made to destroy the democratic movement . They are further of opinion that such attempts at _disunion are disgraeelul to these professing the principles of Chartism . " The council then adjourned .
White _ Horse , St . Mary Street , Whitechapel . —A public meeting was held here on Sunday evening , to hem * anjaddress from Mr . Clark , ofthe Executive ; Mr . Shaw was unanimously called to the chair . Mr . Chirk delivered a masterly address on the plans recently laid down by the Convention . After the lecture considerable local business was transacted , and Mr . Knowles was nominated as sub-secretary , in the room of Mr . Shepherd resigned . Several members were enrolled . Somers Tows . —On Sunday evening last a public meeting was held at Mr . Duddridge ' s rooms , No . 18 ,
Tonbridge-street , New-road . Mr . Wm . Johnson was called to the chair . Mr . John Arnott was duly elected to act in conjunction with the Executive on the Registration and Election Committee , and Mr . John Hornby on thc Exile Restoration Committee .- — Mr . Laurie moved and Mr . Arnott seconded— " That this meeting take into their consideration the propriety of forming a district branch ofthe Co-operative Land Society . " An animated discussion ensued , in which Messrs . Bird , Gardener , Edwards , Page , and Hornby took part ; the discussion was ultimately adjourned .
HALIFAX . West Riding Delegate Meeting . —This meeting _, was held according to notice on Sunday last , in the Working Man ' s Hall , Halifax ; the following places were represented : —Bradford , Hebden Bridge , Halifax , Lower Warley , Little Town , and Dewsbury ; Mr . B . Rushton was _appointed to preside . The minutes of the previous meeting werc read over and confirmed . A letter was read from Keighly , enclosing a money order for 7 s ., and another from Mr . Doyle , detailing the proceedings of the Convention ; after which the following sums were handed in for tlic Executive : — Bradford , 6 s . Id . ; Little Town , Is . Oil . ; Dewsbury , Is . 8 d . ; Lower Warley , Is . lOd . ; Hebden Bridge , 8 s . 0 id . The following resolutions were unanimously agreed to : — " That the thanks of the delegates present be given to Messrs . O'Connor and Doyle for the faithful and efficient manner in which tliey discharged uieir uuhcs oi _ivcsi oi
as representatives we _ruuing York in the late Convention ; and we hereby testify our approval of their conduct . " '' " That this meeting views with indignation the conduct of certain parties who once figured in the Chartist ranks , but who now are moving earth and hell , and would not hesitate even to destroy the Chartist movement altogether , if by that means they could accomplish their base ebjeet , the destruction of Mi * . O' Connor . This meeting cannot separate without according to that gentleman our best thanks for his past conduct in the cause of the people , and our confidence in him as long as he pursues the same straightforward . course he has hitherUfdonc . " After arranging for holding camp meetings during the summer months , of which due notice will appear in the Star , and the transaction o f other business , the meeting adjourned to the second Sunday in June .
Banking And Paper Money.—Mr. Cobbett Say...
Banking and Paper Money . —Mr . Cobbett says : — " When I dined at Richard Potter ' s , Tom Potter took me aside and asked my opinion relative to a Joint Stock Banking Company , at Manchester , which he and others had an intention of setting up . I very frankly told him that my opinion was , that no really honest man would hare anything to do with such a matter ; that the * accommodation' to persons in business , which he professed to look upon as its good , was , in fact , a very great evil ; that it supplied the parties with false means of trading , and gave the parties borrowing from them the means of p lundering them , * that it was a combination of rich men to prey upon those distresses which their false issues first served to create ; that , in fact , they would lend nothing , and , by the means of pretended loans of money , would get men ' s goods away at half price ; that it was a calling at war with every principle of morality and religion ; that at best it was usury , and that , in fact , it was usury and robbery combined ; that it must tend to make the rich more richer , the poor more poor , and to add to the dangers of the country and the miseries of the people ; that , in the end , the monstrous system must blow up , and that justice would have taken its departure from the earth if the parties who had grown rich by such villany were not compelled to disgorge . _"—Reqister , _U 2 nd September , 1832 .
-
-
Citation
-
Northern Star (1837-1852), May 17, 1845, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_17051845/page/1/
-