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R accented for the river A ¦ ¦¦ ,„ ,,46 ...
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JOKtSU iHo fcnnn«0t
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" And I will war, at least ia words, (Ab...
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SWITZERLAND-INSURRECTION IN GENEVA. The ...
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Colonial *m& jfomga foitellfcrence*
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THE WAR IN KAFFIRLAND, The Case of Good ...
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^foreign J $tstdlmw
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—"•¦"'•*—-"...»..,..¦«*' Politics Foruid...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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R Accented For The River A ¦ ¦¦ ,„ ,,46 ...
A ¦ ¦¦ , „ ,, 46 THE NORTHERN STA R , Oc tober 17 , _1-mo . _t __ rr = r _^ c _ sr , _T
Joktsu Iho Fcnnn«0t
_JOKtSU iHo _fcnnn « _0 t
" And I Will War, At Least Ia Words, (Ab...
" And I will war , at least ia words , ( Abo—should my chance so happ n—deeds , J _"WlfllallTrn _» _-tvarwith Th _. u l «< I think I hear a little _Mrd , who sings _Tiepeop lebyandby _^ _n-vtbertro _^ er . -BYKON 1 S FRANCE A NATION OR A DYNASTY ? The Bien Public , of the 4 th instant , published an _article on the Montpensier _marriase , Irani the pen _jtL celebrated poet and deputy , M . _deLamabtise . * .. po we wish , " says H . de Lamaitine , " to bea nation nr do _« C Wish to be a dvn-. sty J We would wish , at pre-« nt to explain as dearly as posrible to onr readers of _S _^ _Saone _and Loire the question of elevated diplomacy _S . vh is acitating tbe public _mina—winch is cau _«™ j _* WHICH ' _¦» _!
_« _° . _,,,. :. _„„ ., l . , aeis to totter—which is inflaming tbe _journals-^ chic dissolving , in fact , the Enalish _alliance—wln- _j , _driving _theextinsuisbed _embt-rs of factions m 5- _^ ,, _^ hlrfi « launching a lew _Pretender amon _^ , CarlUt nMintains of the _Teninsuia _, and wm >; a _^ s rcflu _> _ctag the value -if stork on the Bourse < _- . _re « Is- _» . tuai _th _trawmeter of European tempests—to r „ a _uBusuai _9 r icv _. _-This _qaestion appears trilling , becau _se in appearance it _^ arils the marria _pe of a ymu . g P rince and a vuild . It _jslm-nense _Jn _realiiv , because i ' _. r-v & als an entire policy . \ n _lra- ' Y t , f _ the m , A j - - * g * . who was ct the same _jiiiie a siate * " « ' _inHB'Bf . 1 * _Grange and atrocious punishment _, l _* * _*" - _* of two _m-n united by _snperna-^ ral f « rc "! n 0 na _* _^' _*? O K , siwfs " o * wo bnture . _5 and tw tontwry wills , _c-jnttft . ling with the _samemcmbirs in a
_perpstnal _s- _^ tig _^ t-, condvrau _^ d to endure fatally the interior _aUd _csiirrior combat of these tw * wills—to bate fc & CU ° * « llcr , W repel each other , and to approach eterjisY _« VWi thsnt having tlie power of ever _arreting or of _ieparjTasg _. This punishment _represents to » i « with sufficient accuracy the intestine _struggle which has continue j _since the revolution of July between the two spirit *? which are disputing for empire in our Government oi tiro heads ; we allude to the dynastic spirit aud to the _Einonal spirit , tbe Genius of the _« ld Monarchy and et voang librrty . Such an _image can never represent the mutual connexion between France and her dynasty . The marriage of tbe Duke de Montpensier is , _horever , the s ymptom « f a tendency to this _struggle . 1 st us judge the fact . Tbe journals of a dynastic shade
who reduce the question to a question purely Ministerial . whilst lhey approve the marriage in the abstract , turn it as much as they can against ihe Ministry , and seek to blame the manner iu which this negotiation was con darted . _Aceordinif to ns . those journals are ia error . The _negotiation , at first slow , secret , patient , then _castuinjr its na ture at the proper _munient , and beeoininc all at onee sudden , unexpected , violent , and _provoking _, like a emp d ' etat , is worthy of the genius of » Machia _* . el or of a Richelieu , if it be cons > _derei in the point of view of the interest ia which it has been conceived . There is no : Wn _? to bi said _asainst . or nothing to be blamed in . _tfccmluct of those ivho invented and perpetrated 11 _kconclusion of this affair , so mysterious and at the same i ? me so theatrical . Cardinal Maiarm could not have
better _entangled or _better unravelled the threads whilst conrealfeg his hand . It is excelU-nt Italian diplomacy . IntSiis point of view th-conduct of the French cabinetis _adoKrsbK Let us , therefore , be jest to its adversaries , let ns applaud when the act is well performed . But let US ucamine it thoroughly , and sec whether the nation oug ht ~ o rejoice at t . is pretended triumph of its diplomat ;; in Spain . According to tfce _European public laiv . the crowns of France and Spain ou _^ ht to be sepirate . This is the entire spirit of the treaty of Utrecht , u hicli terminated tiie war of twelve years called the war of suece _* = ion . This treaty defeated the entire policy of Louie 5 IV . lie had expended his treasures and the blood of France in or . _icr that bis grar . dsoa sh- > n'd reign in Spain , iE order that there should be-no Pyrenees , and that the
brow ef a Bourbon mig ht < sne Cay wear two crowns , _Ufc--CharlcsV . and bis son . The " treaty of Titrecht was an -extraordinary and painful _abdication of thisainbitica <> 1 fie House of Bourbon . It left , it i _* s true , a Bourbon on Ihe throne of _^ _puin , bat on _-condition that Spain and Tranc _« _shoubl renounce for ever the right of incorporating each other into the-same monarchy under -One Royalty . The Bourbons _. 'tlierefore , gainedsometningby the treaty ot Utrecht , but _^ rance nothing . The French monarchy wis condemned not to possess Spain , except on the _condition of -conquering and defending her _cooqnestigaiust all Europe . But we have seen smder Napoleon _, _whosa military genius was fully equal t _* _3 that of _Xaois XIV ., how Spcm is _eonqu-red , and how it if preserved . This was tijploinaiicilly the state of a £ a _« _rs
from 1713 . tbe date of the _ireatias of _JJtrecfct , until 1 S 4 S . the date of -the Duke de Montpeusier ' s _marriage . What signifies , therefore , this marriage , -considered with respect _^ the family ! It signifies that a Prince ofthe House of Bourbon , of France , _espoe-sesa Princess of the House of Bourbon , of Spain- ; in - _tther words , that a cousin-espouses a cousin—neither _mcrcJio : less : —a ihmily affair , useful , agreenble . aud _illustrious _ouboth sides , on which tlie two branches may _congratulate each other , and _fconour themselves for the periry « . f their bl 9 . _id . but nothing more . _Considered in a . _pciut ol view of _pu'hical _eventualities and of the fusion of-the interests and ine _Creiyns—of the war of succession —« f . he treaty of Utrecht—ef tbe _formal and reiterated reuuneia-1 _tions—the marriage i « s perfectlv _iudiflvrent to the mo
nations ; the _Pyrenie « subsist . But have w „ tber _^ i _^ ht to say _tiiat i _= a poHtfeal point of view this union , ami the ideas it rcve _& ls , are-equally indifferent to France' Let _nsiee . _Pirst , dc ** s : _Prance attach to it an aufaitiou * sigaiiieation S snd-t > _au _* he flatter herself tb & t cue day theSpanish monerchy will fall into her hand hytbe right ofa Prince ofthe _dynasty of July , and as _ajswel of the dom-yof ihe Princess he weds ? If the Prance-of Jnlj thought so , she _tvccld be as decrepit as _the-5 _ranee ol 1 T 13 revived . She-could not bave assisted at lier owi : rero _^ utioa _, orshe _lausthaee assisted at it without havin » comprehended the sense . The entire sense of the revolution of ideas , of law , and of fact , which tare be _« n effected in Earepe within a ceutury , may _ba-ccaiprised within those two -lines . " That nations are no longer
patrimonies or properties which follow _tbeSr possessors . as a _honsa or a field follows the civil proprietor . ; and that no Prince _"r no Princess canbriugasa marriage portion , or bequeath as an inheritance , a people , —a _n _« ti * in , —an empire , or even a _geographical parcel whatever ofa province or a hamlet ! " Man has reconquered _biiBsell ; nations _bsloiii : to _tbeisselvos alone . This is the -satire revolution of i = leas , cf morals , of public law , as well as of _nKtltrn diplomacy . "You might produce to the-Cortes « _. f _Sp-iin , to the _Ftcik > L Ciiambers , or to an European Congress , lOO . OflO articles of a marriage contract or of a will , wiiicli wou . _'dsettle or bequeath Spain as a dowry or as an inb-ritance to Franee , and not one -Spaniard would foBoiv yon . nor _nneSVcncum in draw a snerd to defend his pretended _shcicefn ! _light over the hniuac species ,
and not a diplomatist would reply _othtraific thin by a _sume of pity . Vie are no longer iu theptriod when _l'hilip 1 _^ . placed a kingdom iu the apron of bis caughtcr . " What signifies , therefore , tlie marriage as re _.-ards the gengraphieal and _nsdoual aggrandizement of'France ! _Ruthin- ; or , at most , an idea of another century displaced into the present cmtury . But , although this Union cannot in realily produce any _profitible eventuality , it nm _ueverthtlsss become the pretest for a rivalry amongst Courts . It is a subject of umbrage _betiveea _Cjbiuets , and is an umbrage which they will in crease _designidly _. That is the evil . Bat , see what , _psrhaps , it _signiSss as rejards political influence . Here the question _bccouirs more serious , an < l the mind resumes _alliissraTity in _coas-cerlngit . And first , let us _uisderstind of what _nature is ' . he influence to which we refer . It is tlie influence of _otie family with auotl . er , of one Coon with another more closely conuected by thisa
kinds of unions ? Is it of an influence of one nation with another _u-iited by common interest , by geographical _auolojy _, w _j , v a _ctttwolidation of _independence of librrty , an ! of similar institutions f If you sp < -ak of the _•^ oart influence , no doubt the bringing nearer the two r _< agiuug families for a , moment give some apparent intimacy to the policy of the two Courts . Thiremay be between the _palaces of Aranjucz and Jfeuilly some correspondence and some _rdetlons which may _pencSt-some councils and even some asuendaucy of the Court of the _Tuid-ries ovrr that _of-3 f : _* drid . And remark , that « e speak here only of _honourable an ! _legitimate influence Such as might re exposed t . jthe light of tlie sun . God forbid that we should allude to those secret intrigues , and to those Tiberiau mysteries of the palace , with which the British _Minisk-riil press defiles its pages a _proposcf the Queen of _Spaiif _* m image—of tliis infamous calculation as to the weakness of a husband—of
that plot against the fruitfuIu : ssof a wife and Queenof that crime against youth—sf that _sacrilege against nature ! We ; admit none such- our opposition has 110 need of calumny and dishonour * not what it combats . The mere _topposition of the complicity of the Royal family of France with _sach abject intrigues , is sufficient to cause us te repel suc ' a an hypothesis with disgust . It this family is Itoyal in France by the eminence ofits nature , it is particularly so by its f-imil y virtues « nd its _tn _o-lcsty . which ihe English journals accuse it of having s SuiminiousIy _pro _' aned at _ilidrid . We speak , thtrefore , oulyof an _honourable _iufiu-: iice , and such assendaucy as '» _permitted , > Veil , aIl that is entirely domestic , anu _Kc-lcces no natiosal _advantage . For what _bearing can _^ _E _^ ly relations , _cr the relarionship of Princes , hive on tlie conduct of a nation , or on
seri-° _as J * _3 iitical _traccactioas rtunng the period a wlich we live ? Ask it of Marie Antoinette , _^ _e daughter and the sister of an Emperor *> f _Geimimy _. dying oa the scaffold in Paris without ~ empire stirring in time vi defeud or avenge b < r 3 Ask _-J- _^ ria L _<> mot , the daughter sf an Emperor of Austria , u «> _iroiied by ber own _lathtri Ask Caroline of i _' aplts , who uiadc _peaee oitli she republic which retained _lii-r _-Ssttr in its _dun _» . _*> ns 3 Ask it oj thai family of Portu ; iil , _vbvre the _nucleaad the niece , tbe & tlier and the sister , , l _-e _Irotlier-in-ltiwand the sister-in-law , tear to pieces **¦* throne and llieir honour , whilst « £ ey arc vaiting an _"ITi-nuiiity to deprive taih other of life- * Demand it ol
_* - _**¦» faniii y of Spiiu iisilf -. _rim-h during forty years has _* - * de _* troying ihe monarchy by its domestic s'rife . _Dc-^ _li it of all histories , and of all periods , and of all _^ vnedhea ds : They wil l all reply by the spectacle of the vanity and ingratitude of blood . " Upon the throne , and ab « ut the throne , tb"re are no relations , they an * _^ _Jl-rinrts . " That is true . "Why , therefore , do jou prci to attach suvh a value to family connexion , of whirh - _£ f * _y , Eui . pe _. _ai-l y .-. n-. If know so w-M the _jiaeriJity ? _ ' two things , one ; this marriage is purely domesticaiu j * ncb case you should not present it t _} the nation " IK-KUcal , and make it an act ofthe Government ; or 1015 marriage is political—and implies a system , an _aili-
" And I Will War, At Least Ia Words, (Ab...
ance , a national ambition for France , and in that r _^ JOU ought to submit it to the Chambers and con _* _- _^ _^ nation . Spain , one thoosand times lo s co _^ , mU ) i 0 I 18 , _fian you , did well . Are we _descended low _eHft th ( J gca _, of national governments than Spair- _^ __^ _^ douht more intimate relations with S _; _,,, _^ _undet everJ fo rnlj would and ousht tobe One or the ricm _^ nts of Frent h ascendancy hiibesouth of Europe } hut it was by the affinity ofthe tivo nations , Ivy tha fraternity of the two lib ; rties , by the consolida _tion of their mutual independence _, and of their tw .. constitutions , that France ought to identify herselfn 3 ' _4 unaHy > ana not by tbe affinity of the two families . _vr"h y , therefore , did you not do so when Spain in V __ er extremity extended her arms towards France ? W * e i _tj-nt the eves of the French Cabinet
w . re ¦¦ o , em , _-i _^ _g y _g Queen was marriage . aole . _; a that her sister , endowed with so many expectatio * _Y-cnthed ber l « b year of her age ? A singular co-¦ _' _¦•¦ _jdencc that the existence ofthe Spanish monarchy is _^ Ot perceived until it has a daugh ter to marry ! Strange policy which _abandons Spain ten years to her _calamities , to her depomposition . to ber deluge of civil blood , to her subordination to England , to the terrible oscillations which hy turns overthrew the throne and liberty , and that she _suddcnlv claims her on the day when I Know not what matrimonial eventuality bigins 10 shine in a false lig ht ! At this precise moment , tbe slumbering rolicvof the French Cabinet a _« akes _; its councillors _recover their audacity ; and their prudence deserts tbem ! SistUS Quintus never more resolutely threw away his crutches at the moment when he thought he might seize on the obj . ct of his ambition , than the Council of Ministers cast away the pen which signed , during fifteen years , so many _icts of condescension to England , and so many acts of deference to Europe .
Here M . do Laniartine proceeds to review the _forel' _-n policy of the French sovernment durins the ' nst fifteen years . lie avows that he approves of all the acts of moderation of the French government excent _, two : — ' The shameful and minous concealment of Francein lS _39 andinlS 40 , in the eastern question ; an - the non-intervention in Spain in 1836 to 1 S 39 when theeounter-revolutiou , anarcliy , and a military dictatorship were _causing the destruction , under our hand , ofthe liberty of a nation , and the nationality of a people whom we are bound to assist . " lie next
returns to the main question and laughs at the idea of an universal monarchy by marriage . " It is no _longer a time for family compacts , it is a time for compacts am oncstnations . ' _^ lie shows that France could not apprehend an English , Austrian , Prussian , or Russian _marriage alliance with the Spanish throne ; and that for her own interests Fr . ince had _besthavesupported tire selection of some of those German non-entities [ like Queen Victoria ' s Prince Albert ! " wno are dest ined to ascend thrones without reigning there . " fie thus concludes : — j
To _defenl the ' eause of Spanish independence and prosperity against all the world and agaiust ourselves—to defend and protect ber constitutional liberty—to ally ourselves by ideas , by _gratuitous services , by a conformity of maritime interests , by an armed patronage , and , if necessary , to marry the two nations , and not the two thrjnes— that would have been a grand policy , that would have been true diplomacy , that would have ' been the nuptual benediction of a common revolution and of an indivisible liberty ; Wcenterinto quite another road . It will lead tbe country and the dynasty where God only knows . We riave no pretensions to the sad gift of prophecy ; we -confine ourselves to conjecture . And , now , suppose thai _Enirlanfl , _accustoms durin : fifteen years to so much obsequisness and humility from our Ministcrs , feels herself profoundly humiliated in a much more
importantmatter by a diplomatic lege' -de-moin , which between ourselves _subj . cts her "rather to the ridicule of the observing European diplomatists — suppose Ihst the acerbity of _herresenttnent is batching in secret negotiations , and is _prepiring revenge in Spain and clsewherr ; suppose that she effects _thc-cseape of a son of Bon Carlos , and - procures bim a loan _5 n _Lon- ' oh in order to pay a fifth civil war in thePemB £ ala ; suppose thatsbeperniits Espartcro to return , like Coriolanns _. in the midst _< 'f _' e mutinous soldiery ; suppose that the G ° _v-. rnment of the -Queen should m _:. ks a further attack < s * a The -Constitution and the revolution of S pain , _-. nd declare ; against what has been 'accomplished : _causi-ag the'Sovernment in fact to be _ceunter-revoliitiosary : ; -suppose "that this Government fall , and flies for a 'third "time , and summons yea in the name of yoEr marriage , of
your family intimacy , of yonr honour , and yoUr-preten--sion to the throne , to support and restore it at Madrid ; suppose that Austria and Russia maintain _-Tldfc 'Carlos there ; suppose that _= England supports the Radical , suppose that the nation abhors the Queai and those who surround her , suppose that Europe dffiea you to interfere amid such confusion , and makes your intervention a e « i ! . * belli , what will you do ! Will you not go ! Tou 'hall act as co _^ _vas-fis _, and be _dishonoured' ! _^ _W-ill you go ? Tou will co , in the name and with tlie arms of revolutionary France , to restore absolute power _3- _^ _-the Government ofthe courtier and the priest * and tlie counter revolution in _Sj-ahi . Shall you _trhsaphf -V oar triumph would be a _cntr-idiction of jour r . ntureand ef your principles , and win * convert you into the maiataintrs of the old system , ana the alguazils of the Spanish monarchy .
- ? ha J ] yo u fail" ? You will have-expended your gold , and shed the _bloed of the French nation . to _maintain the consequences of a pT 7 ely private interest . The family on the throne will _hr . ve carried with fe the nation , without its knowledge am . _against its will , into its causes , itsbumliation . and its _disaster . This is' £ xacHy _ what we dread in this affair , r .-fainily war , imposed upon-a-T . ati < oi b y a marriage of _privato convenience , —a war . of succession without the _pi'ssrtility ofthe advantage of'the succession—a dowry of European mistrust and jealousy * The peace and _existing alliances ofthe country sacrificed to a posthumous dream of 1713 : the ascendency of the worn out House of Bourbon substituting itself , in _imaginaeisn , for tho perm - nent ascendency ef France imperishable and revived by its _r'volution . _'And if we regarded the other pointsof _European policy in Europe and in Aria , how many other
complications would we not discover , where the concealed hand of England may envenom the spirit of Cabinets against the ambitious 3 ; epot " sm ofthe French Cabioet . and change the _CAmtratuhitions ofthe Tuileries into bitterness , conflicts , and _bloodT _Itoyer Collard _, of sagacious memory , observed 20 years sir . ee , that * ' democracy-is overflowing . " Is it necessary to besosagacious _. to exclaim _atpresent , when wesee what is passing , at home—abroad —> in the Council—in the _Chambers ; _-in the Cabinets , and amongst the diplomatists of France , " the spirit of the dynssty is carrying us with it 3 " The nation abdicates , _engages itself and loses itself , with iis liberty and its policy , in an interest ill _understood , and in a narrow and false family policy ! What conclusion do we draw from this ?—that the nation and ibe dynasty are radically incompatible ? that wc must separate them with violence -cne from the other , if
we do _nofe-wish that one should absorb the other , and that both should _parish smothered in a mortal embrace ? _JFol we are aware of the extreme difficulty , but we do not declare the sinister impossibilities of the co-existence of the hereditary monarchy with the sovereign na . tionality , and with the national poliey of France . But if this _co-ezistence , which the _revolution of July resolved to try once more , is possible in iffect _. as we expect it is , for the repose of _nitions , it is possible only on one condition , which is . that the family and dynastic spirit should vanish and disappear completely in _vresence of the _national spirit and interests crowned by the revolution or that the national spirit and interests should vanish , di . sappe . ir , and become subordinate to familyideas and ambition ; there will otherwise be no peace .
Hut for who are you in this affair , as-well as in all other affairs which _recard France t And which of the two interests dc you wish to see sacrificed ? Is it that of France ? Do you congratulate the Cabinet of the Tuileries on having married the son of the King ? Is it that of the dynasty ? Be afflicted , then , and be uneasy with us . The Cabinet of the Tuileries has abandoned the alliances ofthe revolution—engaged France—risked peace—sowed rivalries—encouraged <* lvil war in Spaincollected clouds on the Continent—darkened the future prospect—drawn the diplomatic sword—not for a cause , but for a dowTy of difficulties . This dowry will press as heavily on the C binet ofthe Tuileries as on the country , and tbe entire affair is characterized by-us in two words —an unfortunate temerity and a giddy deception .
Switzerland-Insurrection In Geneva. The ...
SWITZERLAND-INSURRECTION IN GENEVA . The Council of State of the Canton of Geneva having had to pronounce for or against tbe dissolution of thesereu Catholic cantons voted against that league , but in making reservations and stipulating certain _conditiocs , con sidered by it as a . guarantee for the maintenance of peace . The vote excited a strong discontent amongst the movement party , and popular meeting ; were convoked to protest _against it . Proclamations were even published , _calling tie people to arms , and animated groups began to circulate in the quarter St . Gervais . A first assembly was held on Saturday , the 3 rd inst ., in the Place du Temple , and five - hundred citizens protested against the
decision of the Grand Council . They convoked _tfce people to a meeting for the next day , and it took _plaee in the church of St . Gervais , 2 , 000 persons _bsii _)» present . M . James _Fazy read a protest _a-jainst the _decl-ion ofthe Grand Council , by which the vote is declared _unconstitutional , and as such not binding and null until the Confederation on its constitutional value . This was adopted by a show of hands , and M . James Fazv himself _desisted twenty-live persons to form part of a constitutional committee _charged to make direct representations to tlie Vorort . The _agitations having assumed a very grave appearance , the partisans of the government
placed themselves on Monday at its orders , out at the same hour a fourth popular meeting toolt place in the Protestant church of St . Gervais . It _presented a more violent aspect than the preceding ones . M . James _Fas-y « as of opini -n to delay , _saying that the moment _fcractin-i was not yet come . But on the proposition of M . " Samuel Muller , the meeting resolved wivh cries of liberty or death ! to place on foot 300 armed men to act durin- ' the night as the _gn-Jrd of the Faubourg . On its side the _go-A-ernnient did not remain inactive , as the council of state ordered that five companies of the city and one afthe country should be called out . The _AWowaZ
; wys—1 \' e learn from a certain source that after the meeting . jf _* 3 . vC _* . rva : s , ihs people raised a cry of— "To arms , " and _isimedialely afterwards barricades were formed on _brides of the Rhone . The government wished , in the first instance , t ° _negociale t but ths concessions
Switzerland-Insurrection In Geneva. The ...
_^ -. _L a _kotno- illusory , they were not accented , * _. _V _^ _r _«^ nvoS _/ Soon . ft « rw «» d . « ran , ry and the mditni _m > _™ " _^ AJr > nnQ at ttr „ . cloek , _t _^^ _tr _^^ m _^ _^ _^ _^ pieces of cannon were directed against the barricades _hutthcinsurgcnts _repliedby a sharp _^ ' _- » _" _- _— fire Of musketry from every point of the _ftaa , du 111 o . ie . The combat _wai [ continuing with great ardour when these details were sent off . _SANGUINARY COMBAT-VICTORY OFTHE
REVOLUTIONISTS . The publication of the Radical protest paralysed the Conservatives , and to arrest its progress the Government determined to lay bands upon the printers and to confiscate the presses . All parties whose sisnatures were appended to this document , and who were regarded as eonspirators , wero to be arrested and imprisoned . This extraordinary _proceeding and arbitrary exorcise of power , provoked the revolt which broke out on the ni _* : ht of the Cth . Geneva may be said to be composed of a population which may be divided into three parts . The upper town , which is inhabited chiefly by the higher classes ; the lower town , where resides the commercial community , and alon _? which _rnns the left bank of the Rhone ; and beyond the bridges the Faubourg St . Gervais , inhabited by tbe bulk of the _working classes .
It was on tlie _nicltt of the 6 th that the operatives ro ? c en masse , and _established _harricadoes on ihe bridees , % nd oo the 7 th the militia attempted to carry them . After about two hundred cannon shot * , and a most determined resistance , the _Inrriend . _s were destroyed . The insurgents , however , entrenched tbehiselves in the Faubourg , and , although the militia bad been successful in the first instance , it was no easy matter to occupy that point . The militia made the attempt on two points , but n sooner was that force perceived at the entrance of the Faubourg than a deadly fire was _commence-. l from the windows and from the tops of the houses , which were literally crowded with people . The militia fought resolutely , but as the chiefs who had led the attack were wounded , and some of them mortally , Jno alternative was left but to ' retreat and recross the bridges . The militia , however _retained possession of the lower town , the insurrection _beins concentrated . in the Faubourg .
In the night of the 7 th the insurgents set fire to the bridges , and as the population ot the lower town was then increased , it roe in its turn . The auxiliary force of the canton of Vaud , composed of Liberals , which arrived about this time , and in great numbers , then lent its aid to the insurrection , and as the militia was threatened on all side ? , it surrendered and abandoned the contest . The crowning effort of the day was the resignation of the Council of State , which event was followed by the occupation of the arsenal and all public establishments by the _insurgents . The following -etter , describing the progress of the revolution at Geneva , is published in Gali gnani ' s Messenger : — Hotel des _Bergues , Geneva . October 8 .
Having been an eye-witness of the recent outbreak at Geneva , and learning that many _exaRgerated reports had been circulated regarding it . I _st-nd you an account of the circumstances . Tn consequence of a dispute between the Government and the people , of the merits of which I . as a stranger , do not pretend to form any opinion , the latter uetermincd to maiiitMin what they conceived to be _thelrrights . Thoy _accordingl y _ported tho |{ ates , and took possession of the four _bridjres across the Rhone , which they strongly barricaded , in order to cut off the communication between the two quarters of the town . Ali attempts at an accommodation having failed , tbe fighting commenced yesterday , the 7 th , towards three ¦ o ' clock , simultaneously at tbe Porte Cordavin , on the Place du Bel Air , which commands one of the bridges :
and , finally , at the _brtfls « ¥ aeing the Ho ' el des _Bergncs , where two diligences , forming a barricade , wero set on fire and destroyed . The cannonading at thc » e several points continued _tilltowards evenimr , but without producing any decisive " result . Last night the four bridges wer . * partially set on fire , and were still burning this mornincr _, but , _owing - probably to a heavy rain , without _sustaining any very-considerable damnge . A train , however , had been lniu'on each , which it was intended to blow up in case the _passage _should be attempted . In fact _tbinjrs wore n , sufficiently formidable aspect this moroinsr , for _n-e-Were virtually in a state of siege , nnd had not the Government not felt themselves obliged to yield , they _had-decided on firing this _qtiarter-of the town _, and God _onrylfnows what would have been the result . In anticipation of such nn occurrence most of the strangers left'lbe town , which they were permitted to do
_wfthssmuch'baggageas they could carry . I and my family , together with the _undefined , remained , and we unite in beating testimony , not only to the irreproachable conduct ofthe people , who _ihroughout manifested theutmosr ' forbearanceand consideration both for person and property , but al « o to the extreme civility and attention _weliave experienced in _titis hotel , where the propriet -r'himself has been the most activel y zealous in _pro-CEi-ini ; permits of departure for those who chose to avail themselves of them : The report -of the hilled and wounded is so various _tliattt is impossible at present to _f- _« rm _a-Cuvrect estimate of ft . _TV p have had one or two narrow escapes here . Ont' _-a-tll pierced the shutter room on _the-.-gcound floor , destroyinp ; a valuable mirror , nnd _penctratinc through an _-adjoining -wall into the room beyond . Tranquillity is irt _prescnfrwrnipletely restored , and all further apprehension at an end .
FORMATION OF A PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT . 'On"tiie 10 th the peace of the city was no longer disturbed , and business had been pretty Generally resumed . A _supplemenfrnf the _Rcmtc de Geneve of the 10 th _contains the following announcement : — This morninir , at ten o ' clock , the people of Geneva met ' _-in general council ,-and voted _trnf-nimously the following decree : — " Thcgrand council is dissolved . The resignation of the Council of State is -accepted . A provisional government , composed of ten members , shall be immediately elected by the general council . A new grand council is convoked for ' the . Sath instant . The number of deputies is reduced b y one half . The
electoral _colleg _.-s of _arroiidiiscment are reduced to three —¦ viz .. one for the _ci'yvone for the _oc-mnmnef . of the left bank of the Lake and cf the Rhone ; and one- for those of the right bank . The _. con < _titucnt-ls conferred on rtiis grand council Jo _prepare a _revision-of the constitution , _tofbe submitted to the votes of the-people . The paid _jrii _.-ird shall be disbanded . All Die damage dt me in ibe affairs ofthe 7 th shall be charged _ro-fhe ( bun eil of State which has resigned , and the . officer -who coin : tnanded in chief the armed force of the Government . " A fter voting this decree the following persons -were un animouslv elected for the provisional government;—Ja _mes _Fnoy Louis _Rilliett , _Ltonard'G rutin , Border , _Frang ols Janio , _Balthazar Deere :, Castoldi , Pons , Moulinie . Fe Dtancl .
ibe Provisional Government issued the following _proclamation : — Fellow citizens , —In the midst of _> tfae most difficult circumstances , we accept , from _devotedocss to < mr country , the task of assuming _provisionallythe viev * s of < So . vernment . With tbe _cc-operation of rtn the tit _izens , we can accomplish everything for the maintenance of order and public peace ; without it we can do nothin g . Fellow < _citizcns , of every opinion , rally round us for the interest of all . Our charge , which is purely pro ; i-ions 3 , . _emenates from a council iicneral of _citj-.: _nns . _a--icmblisl :
to-day in the Place du 3 . 1 olard . Constituting ou _rselvoR . in consequence a provisional council , wemaintain in the _existing state the authorities and administrations . We render each responsible , as far as it is _coni-erned , for the maintenance of public order , ana the complete execution of the orders which shall _toLgivcn to them . We conjure all citizens to maintain by their _encrfrotic cooperation public peace , and thus prevent c : _VL-imitics which would press upoii all . Fellow citizens , of all partite , have confidence in us , and wait patiently the result _of-our dclibt rations , which shall be _-efirrieit on as promptly as possible .
Colonial *M& Jfomga Foitellfcrence*
Colonial _* m & _jfomga _foitellfcrence *
The War In Kaffirland, The Case Of Good ...
THE WAR IN KAFFIRLAND _, The Case of Good Hope papers to the 4 th .-of August , give much more _satisfactory accounts < af the pregi-css of the British troops in the Kaffir cosutry than those previously received . The following official despatch from Colon-1 A . Somerset , _deentithts a smart successful conflict with the Kaffirs across the Kyc river , in which forty of the enemy wero killed , and about 5 , 000 head of cattle -were captured . The troops under the command of Colonel Hare and of Sir Andreas _Stockenstrom , are also s'ated , by accounts in the Graham ' s Town papers , to _haveWc successful in _ttcir operations in the Amatola mountains , but no official despatches are published of their successes , and a fresh attack was exnecied to be made at the time the latest accounts were tran- „ smittcd : —
( From the Graham ' s Town Journal of Aug . 1 . ) Camp , on the Mcniichie , July 21 . Sir , — Having proceeded , agreeably to this Commander-in-Chiefs instructions , with the sevcr .- . l detaclimeiits of the division under my command on the afternoon of the 17 th inst ., in pursuit of the Kaffirs , I have the honour to acquaint you , for his _Excellency ' s information , that 1 came up with the rear of the enemy ' s cattle late in the afternoon of the lHth iiiFt _., going off in all haste along the Genoubic Ilekhts . Feeling satisfied that these catilu were _^ thoKe belonging to Unilmla ' s tribe , I did not pursue them , being determined not to allow any
thing to divert me from my object in following up Palo ; I , therefore , continued my march to the lower passes ot the Kyc Iliver . Detaching Captain Size ' s battalion by a lower route along the coast I pursued them to the Kyc River , where they had crossed the catlc late on the VJih inst ., and wheic I arrived late on the afternoon of the I'Oth . Having received information that the _onemy had passed over with all their cattle to the east bank of the Kye River , I moved the troops up on the morning of the _Ulstinst ., when I observed _larsc herds of cattle on the heights on the opposite bank . The _ogemy having posted strong piquets , both mounted and dismounted , at several points . J immediately a _& ds the ntv ? ££ ary dispositions
The War In Kaffirland, The Case Of Good ...
for orossmg the river . In th * _„„ . , v-as joined b y _Oaputa Si I I ?™™ , ? ° f the _mw _™* - t , iri . d 270 headr 1 f „„? i . battaIion * who had cap . iZlli « Cm * take » _*»» ' prisoners _Ilav-Z tTcove tL l _Unfe Ca _^ *» _U _» J _£ _V-Zl „„ d , r Xt ° y emCnt 8 ' d 5 reCted the F 0 _* _Neddie F , e " r ° f ; TZ _f- _f _^ _* . to move down tbe bank of _™„ , _r , ° _* - The B » _- _- _«»* er forces , under Com"' J . . to , ? n I" * 1 MU , ICr ' havin _« al 6 ° ° _" *» wn to the raid , Captain Napier , with Captain Donovan's squadron of Cape Mounted Rifles , moved in support These arrangements being effected , I directed the whole of tbesetrof . ps to cross . The movements were effected in the most spirit ed manner b y the whole of the force emp loyed . In consequence of the impoverished stale of tinhorses , the Burgher forces were obliged to move on foot . Observing , also , large drov _; s of cattle passim * along the lower banks ofthe river , I moved two companies of Cap . tain Size ' s battalion down the bank of tlie river to tinsouthward , directing Captain Melville ' s company to pro . cce . l up the river and enter a large kloof on the opposite side .
As the Pmgoes advanced , I observed the piquets and detachments ofthe enemy retiring and proceeding to . wards the large bodies of the cattle on the heights . The troops continued to push on , attacking the Kaffirs wherever tiiey found them , and I had the satisfaction . in a very short time of observing _thesevaraldotacliments acting against the enemy , returning in possession of larg *; drov _.-s of cattle belonging to the chief Pato . A body of Commandant Linde ' s Burghers , und' r Cliptain Groonwaldt , were sharpl y engaged with the enemy , and their spirited leader was unfortunately wounded bv a musket ball through the arm . The enemy seeing them _, selves hard pressed , drove the cattle into several deep kloofs , where they were followed by the _Fingoes und r Mr . Shepstone , who with his men were twice surrounded by the enemy ; each time they disengaged themselves in the most spirited manner , and secured large numof cattle . Captufn Donovan ' s squadron marched on in support , and secured a drove of about 500 head of
cattle . The detached companies of Captain Size ' s battalion , who had entered the deep kloofs below the ford , succeeded in capturing a drove of 1 , 500 head of cattle , whicii they seized from the enemy . 1 had directed the whole of the troops to return across the river before nightfall , and by five r . _u . I hud the satisfaction of seeing the whole ofthe troops { with the exception of Captain Melville's company , which had crossed higher up tho river ) returning iu possession of large droves of cattle . I took the necessary precaution of sending a supporting force of the Cape Mounted Rifles
down to the ford to assist in crossing with the cattle , and by six p . m ., I had the whole ofthe captured cattle , about 4 , 000 head , safe in my camp . Early on the following morning I detached 100 men of Captain Size ' s battalion to the ford iu _support of Captain Melville , whom I had observed spiritedly engaged with the enemy , and in possession of about 1 , 000 head of cattle and a few horses . Captain Melville joined me with the cattle , about ten am ., and having been the whole morninir engaged with the enemy , who continued to fire upon hi » people , although I was on the bank of the river with a large force in support .
I decided to avail myself of the serriee of the prisoners to communicite with Creli and Pato , the prisoners having acquainted me that Pato and Umhala had ouly thiee days previously received from Creli bis _permission for crossing with their cattle over the Kye . I therefore in the presence ofthe troops sent to each chief a message to the following _pui-p « vt : —Acquaint Pato ami Uinhala that I have seized these cattle for the use of the troops ; that I 6 linl ) tithe th _« : o _fnttli- _fr . the 0 _-.-.... i .., ... a l « i , fkii then return . I shall then attack them , and give no rest to tbem or their cattle . That I this day take this ground , which 1 have driven them out of , for the governor ; that I shall lire three shots this morning , one for Cruli _, one for Umhala , and one for _Tato , which is to be a warning to them ; that I shall return and demand satisfaction
for their uncalled-for attack on the colony . Acquaint Creli that I have followed Pato to the Kye ; that I _fotiiiri he has given Pato , the great enemy of tlie colony , place for his cattle in his country ; that I fire this gun to t <*) l him that the governor will call upon him to answer for his conduct . ' Having despatched tho messengers , and fired thret guns at twelve o ' _clock ( midday ) , 1 commenced my return to the Buffalo liver , with 5 , 000 head ofthe enemy ' s cattle . I returned with thctrpops along the main ridge that intersected the Kye and Genoubia rivei s . I observed on the line of march , that tbe Kaffirs occupying that part of
the country were not at all aware of my movements , us I saw numerous bodies of the Kaffirs in the neighbourhood of all the kraals , which had evidently b _^ en very recently abandoned . _Tnese Kaffirs followed up my rear , endeavoured to disturb my encampment each night , by firing shots at the picquets and into the camp , in order to get off the -cattle , but without success . Had it not been for the weak state of tlie horses , I should have made a severe example -cf those Kaffirs . I regret to add , that I was obliged to destroy one hundred horses of the Burgher force , and upwards of thirty horses of the C _.-W _3 Mounted _Rifl-js _, as from the harassing nature of the duty they were quite _unabloto move forward .
I have to express my obligations - *> nd _thaDks to the officers commanding corps and Burgher forces for the assistnnce afforded me in the execution of this service , and to _^ l ! officers and troops for their steady conduct under great fatigue , in thu arduous service ot conducting 5 , 000 head of cattle through the encary ' s country , and guarding tlrcmeach night against the attack of a wily enemy , who . by-setting fire to tbe grass , andcloscly pressing my flanks and rear , lost no opportunity -of harassing my march , inorder to get off the cattle . The loss sustained has Ibcen slight , Field Captain : _Oroenwaldt of the SwvUendam Burghers wounded , whose : spirited conduct I beg to bring under his Excellency ' s notice ; one _Fingoe killed ia the Kye , and one Fingoc w .-iunded in the line of march .
About forty of the enemy were wounded in the several -skirmishes , many more may have fallen in the bush , tut it was not possible to ascertain an exact account . The troops and burghers , together with the Fingoes , ( conducted themselves to my entire satisfaction . Thave _, « fce ., ( Signed ) H . Somerset , Col . ' 'Commanding 2 nd Division . Lieut _.-Ccl . Cloete , Ac . 'Ce _£ s . Lennox _Taitcans , Capt . < _5 ren . Guards , Assist . Military See . ( From the _Grahaih ' s ¦ 'Covin Journal of August Ai _) Information has this moment been received _from-Fort ' -Beaufort , briefly detailing the operations of the troops ' _usder the command of ? Col . Hare and Sir A . Strocken--Etroni _, in the _Amatela-mountains _, the substance _of-which _is-contuined in the following extract : —
Last _WediiesdaythoKisnirs attacked Colonel _. _Issi-e ' s _ct : np under the Amatola , and I regret to say that a _sergeant of tbe Royal -Sappers nnd Miners , named Ularnes , wss killed , also tbs sergeant major of the provisional ¦ com pany , recently commanded by Captain Loxton , and one Fingoe . _Thenicment this attack was made _••&> tremendous fire was'Opened in the direction whence the _KaSirs had fired , and which was continued sometime . _J-2-i f . ht or nine of our men ( coloured ) were wounded in this night attack , but the loss sustained by the enemy _hnsnot been _ascertained , thought itis thought many must hare been either-billed or wounded . Before sunriB _2 the next morning ( Thursday ) the _prhicipal part of _thii division ( Colonel Hare ' s ) and also of Sir Andreas ¦ _Stcekenstrom , were'underarms and in motion ,
the--coloured companies entering the bush with tbe greatest alacrity and determinaticn . The Fingoes especially are . s _^ clicn of as lighting with so much resolutk-n that their conduct excited the especial notice and admiration ol Col . Hare , who repe : _itedly . eliei'red them on to the attaak . Thu Kallirs were in several divisions , and , it is said , displayed considerable tact in their movements , and wore not . wontiiig in courage . 'The fight continued amongst _rtlie ; Woofs and mouniniiia : _dariug the . whole of Thursday , _thctroops not returning to their encampment . until after sunset . It is conjectured—though of course from'the veVy _. _jr . atureof the locility ii uan only be conjecture—that not lc _? s thau one hundred Kallirs fell in these engagements , irrespective of a great many wounded . Two _. prifiances y _.-cre taken , and who , itis affirmed , _huvegsiven-im- ; _portaii ' - information respecting their powder magazine in the _Amctola . During _thuse actions blue lig & ts and _roeketswere thrown up at . intervals as signals > to . the !
head . _Quarters division , but no answering signal was seen , nor could it be ascertained where this division actenlly »\ wis . The following . & iy all was preparatory for _aseooiid _engagement , but on making a recomioisnanee it _wa-s found that during tlie . r . ight the enemy had given our troopsviEic sli p , and had . retired towards the _poorts ol the Buffalo , iheir favourite haunts . The crest of . the _montiSain-is now perfectly . qlear of the enemy , and _iuot as it has . _usaally been seen , lined with men daring the troops t come forward . Colonel Hare has now moved to Fort Cor , wheta he will for . tlie present establish his _head-quarterfj ,. and where he is ; _to be joined by Sir A . Stockenstrom ,. by another route ,,-the same evening . A brief report hao . come in of the movements of the latter officer , aud _whu . ajjpers to hove eiitmted some ofthe most difficult passes in these mountain ranges . In approaching or passing through one of these , a fire was openod upon his men from a commanding rocky eminence . Upon this an order was issued to a
dctachsaent of the Hottentot levy to -storm and dis lodge the enemy team this point , -when so eager wliere the Fingoes for the light , ttiajt , on _heiiriii ; - this order , they , _witliajit waiting for command , rusheil forward , clambering the rocky and steep _heights in fact of tlio enemy's liiv , and by which , I regret lo say , six ol these bra ve fellows were shot dead , and three wounded , The enemy were , however , speedily driven from the fastness , with the loss of'l'J killed and many wounded .
P 0 _STSCEIPT . Saturday , Three r . Jf , —The post from Fort Beaufort has just arrived . The information from this point is comprised in the following postscript;—Fort Beaufort , July 30 . No junction yet between the Governor and Lieutenant Governor . The great attack was to have been made this morning on the Chumie _Ho-. k , but no tiring beard all day . The impression here is , that the enemy will slip into the _Wmtwberg and Uaviaan _' s River , and that the great body of them have fallen back into _Tanihookieland .
KE _* Y ZEALAND . New Zealand papers have been received up to the 23 rd of . May . An attack had boon made upon a picquct of the 58 th Regiment , by a considerable body ot natives , in which , ? is soldiers Were killed and several wounded .
The War In Kaffirland, The Case Of Good ...
_FRANOn ' . Tho _Couvriw Francais says : — " General de Fittc , Inspector of Marine .- ? , has fust received a letter written to him at Tahiti , by an officer of his own corpse , according to which our troops in the island , - _£ _i- ! eriencod a cheek in a conflict with the natives on the 30 ih of May . It is added that Chef de _Batni' - " ' ion de Breat of tlie Marines , and Lieutenant _Mal-K . ' navy ' abo , lt t " i _!' ti' rae " ' wcrc
SPAIN . On tho Cth inst ., the French princes entered Madrid . As their coming had been anticipated , the requisite preparations for their reception had of course been made . The whole _« . f the troops in sarrison were drawn up in line , which extended from tlie Palace through the . Guile Mayor . Fucrty del S ») , Oalle de la Montera , and Calle de Fuenearral , to the gate of Bilbao , and the artillery was stationed outside the gate on the French road . The cuirassiers were drawn up in Ihe Puerta del Sol . The Dukes of Aumale nnd Montpensier entered on horseback , dressed in French military uniforms , and wearing tho grand cross of the I-. ogion of Honour . They ar . - : both good-looking _yoiingmen , and tlie Duke of montpensier in particular , but without any very
distinguished air ; they bowed and took off their hats every few seconds to the crowd , which was far from numerous outside _thcgftteofBilbay _, and which made no demonstration of feeling of any kind , nor was a single hat taken oh" to them . The _1-Vinces were very coldly received at Burgos , where the corporation positively refused to sanction any fetes , or to go to any exp « _. nce in honour of the French princes , and the members have all been placid under arrest , in consequence of their obstinacy . The Clamor Publico Eco del C ' omcrcio and Especta dor were seized on the Gth , and on the 7 th the Espanol , _Xuevo Esprclador , Espectador , and Eco del C ' omcrcio were seized for having staled that the French princes were not received with enthusiasm . A number of snspeclct ! officers were arrested on the night of the 5 th ; othe > _- arrests took place on the night of the 6 th .
__ More than 200 persons were , arrested on the evf ning of the 7 th inst . The Eco of the 8 th was seized _, and has announced in a circular that another fine ot -10 , 000 reals ( £ 400 ) has been inflicted upon it . The Espanol of the 8 th was also seized . A person had be n arrested on the charge of meditating the assassination of the Duke of Montpensier . A telegraphic despatch received by the French Government on Monday announces that the marriages of the Queen to Don Francisco _D'Assis and the Infanta to the Duke dc Montpensier , were solemnised on the evening ofthe 10 th . There was a grand mass performed on the morning of the 11 th .
ITALY . Letters from Bologna of the 30 th ult . state that the Austrians had of late considerably reinforced tinoarrisbns of Ferrara and Cnmachio , and that the Commander-in-Chief of the army of Lombardy had repaired in person to Ferrara and ordered various works of defence to be erected round the citadel . The old Papal party was making common cause with Austria , but it met with little sympathy from th ; - people , and only re ' aincd influence _^ in the Government . The press was becoming daily more free in
ihe Roman dominions . Many publications had recently appeared at Bologna , in which fhe reforms required by the country were discussed with complete independence , The Felsimo , a journal of that city , was p rohibited in the Austrian provinces . A report prevailed at Bologna that the Secretary of State , Cardinal Gizzi , having experienced a strong opposition to his measures of reform in the last Consistory . had tendered his _resignation ; but that , after nn interview of an honr with the Pope , he had consented te withdraw it .
Letters from Rome of the 28 th ultimo menti- n that Cardinal Amnt was to be appointed legate of Bologna , and Cavd ' nal _Alticri legate of Ravenna . The Pope had granted to M . Jackson and Co ., the concession ef a railroad from Bologna to Rome and Civita Vecehia . The enthusiasm in favour of the Pope continued unabated throughout the Pontifical dominions . At Perugia , a banquet took place on the 20 th in the avenue of the villa of Count Dandini , at which 1 , 500 persons were present . Among the guests were several who had repaired thither from Gulmioand FoHgno _. ' precetled by bands of music , and with banners unfurled on which was written " Speran . sa , " or hope . The banqueting tent was decorated with flags bearing tlie same inscription . A similar feast iii honour of Pius IX . had been given at Fermo _, at which 300 inhabitants of Macera _' e assisted .
GREECE . It is not M . Colet'i ' s fault if anything short , of a _reisn of terror exists at present in Greece- , lie has boldly set that constitution , which he solemnly swore to uphold , at defiance . lie chooses to govern ths country after the fashion of his old master , Ali Pacha of Janina , by brute force , employing for ( hat purpose hordes of the Albanian Palicari . He permits , if he does not actually order , the most horrible tortures to be inflicted by subordinate Government officers , in cases where individuals have made themselves obnoxious to him . He clearly _encourages brigandage , which may be said to have now beennv ? an organised system , not only in the provinces , but in the very environs of the capital , so that personal
security is at an end . Assassinations also are c _« _nsfantly occurring in Athens itself , and other parts , _w-thout any decisive efforts being made by the Government to arrest and bring the delinquents to justice . On the contrary , pardons are . granted by M . Coletti to the mnst notorious offenders , provided only that they promise for the future tn support his views . Greek pirates infect the Archipelago ami the shores of Greeeo , without any steps heintr taken by M . Coletti to put them , down by sending against them suitable small craft , so that they exercise with perfect impunity their robberies and outrages , a * they manage to keen out ofthe way of such _English vessels of war as may be in search of them . The
moat barefaced peculation , or rather wholesale plunder , is continually going on among those who have the fingering of the public revenues , without any sincere attempt being made by M . Coletti to put a stop to the same . An enormous item in the annual disbursements is that for a standing army , which in the present position of Greece is not at all required . Another heavy charge is for pen ° ions and retired allowances , chiefly to the _adherents of M Coletti ' s peculiar system . No wonder , therefore , that the Treasury is constantly empt y , and that on more than one occasion of late M . Coletti has been indebted to the opportune pecuniary assistance of France to prevent a financial-crisis .
TURKEY . The last accounts from Kurdistan bring intelligence that the insurgents of Ravendoux have been completely defeated by the Turkish troops . The town of Ravendoux was taken after several ineffectual attacks , and four hundred prisoners have been sent to Ctinstaiitiuo rle . _liissoul Pacha , who commanded the insurgents , has succeeded , however , in effecting his escape . At Constantinople , a prisoner , ofthe name of _llolianes Koscycn _, a subject of the Porte , has been Icidnapped and sent on board an _Austrian vessel , _ihat he mi ght be conveyed to Trieste , nnd thence to Rome , on the pretext that he was an Austrian subject , suspected of hoklinu veligious opinions at variance with those of the Church to which he ostensibl y belongs . He is bj p- ofession an Armenian , but is suspected of Protestant leaning _, lie effected his -escape at Smyrna , and has since been protected by the English consul there .
EGYPT . _AhKX . _wDniA , Skit .-29 th . —Great curiosity is felt at present respecting the proceedings of the approaching Mejelis , or convention ofthe chiefs of provinces and districts , shortly to be held here . The great object of the Paciia is of course to procure moneys both to pay the expenses of the journey to Constantinople , and to carry on the expensive works now in progress . A circumstance has lately happened highly significative of the course of-policy about to be pursued by his Highness . Some years ago Abderrahman Bey was governor of the Shorkieh _, a rather turbulent provinces . In _rcpressinerenli _. or fancied disorders he exhibited the most atrocious cruelty . He scarcely
ever thought of inquiring into the actual guilt of the men he condemned ; the necessity of an example justified everything in his eyes . Sometimes he . ordered a man ' s teeth to be knocked out ; somc : imes he would cause the tongues of two or three evil speakers to be pulled out . Real or suspected nilferei * S'W ero blown frnm _' the mouths of guns , or impaled or hanged . The sheikh of a village who bad _omitteri to pay his contribution was _plsced between two planks , and sawed in two alive lengthways . Suclt was the terror inspired by this monster , that the population in a few months dwindled by emigration from a hundred thousand rto one fifth ; and vet he
_insisted on receiving the same revenue as before _, li . _xasperated beyond ail Insuring , the _pcoj lo at length complained in a body ; the Pacha appointed a commission to try the offender ; he was , from political motives , found guilty , degraded , and sent to the galleys , whence lie was discharged about two years ago . This man has just been reappointed governor of the same province which he formerly desolated by his tyranny . It would appear that the Pacha is determined to sacrifice every consideration of prudence and humanity to the necessities of his exchequer . Now is the time for the consuls who have influence with him to interfere .
RUSSIA . Accounts from Russia state that one of the sons ot _hciiAMVL , wno has been for some years a prisoner at St . 1 _etersbnrg , has effected his escape . Jt appears i . i W n ° nly ciglifc >' eavs old hc was takc ! * Prisoner or the Russians . The Emperor had him brilliantly euueated at the Military School , where he was considered one of the best pupils . He never spoke of his lather , and appeared to have forgotten his birthplace . His comrades and professors wero _ignorant of his origin , and he was known by a name different from his own . He left the Military School last July , and was sent as Lieutenant to the regiment of Finland . A month back ho suddenly disappeared , leaving a letter for his colonel , in which he informed him of his birth , and declared , that , though young , he had
The War In Kaffirland, The Case Of Good ...
_™ r _™ 'I * _- ' - . . his n : itiv « _c- _- . > uin . vy , and that , i ! t waa Si - " ""] f ; lt !! " ' _™ _iWtiteFs . Thu _UIM 8 U "Stnef v m i ntim - Tk _W _SW-Afc _™ , Who SnoVSiri ? ¦ 8 gC l w : vs - *» oh Wed W W _« _henJ _nl _\ S 0 atl ,, ' CSC ! ! t C :, nn 0 t _M P »<» ' ¦¦ ¦ ¦ _" * _iiiu patience una _courage win * .,. i , ;( u _v ... _~„ > » ¦ _* lot lor so long a time . T ' _^ _SJi'ffhT _l 5 succeeded in reaching Sweden . A _femilv „ f _ch _binland pe * Mi .. ta Uvo been arrested oil suV _,, io , _« _f having favoured his escape . ' A letter from Warsaw , of Sep . 25 says ;—
The Government displays an _extraordinarj severity towards tho inhabitants or our eapitnl . All " the clubs and circles arc closed . _Pas-poi ts for forei gn countries _sii-u delivered only to persons well known to tlie _nuthoritios , and not unless they furnish a considerable amount of _caution-Dioney . All Utters are examined on their arrival -mil departure , and tlicn re-sealed with the police seal . Ass _so _^ . n as three persons are seen spe : _ikinj * _togetlii'i- in the street , the police _agents disperse thorn . All men _wraringnn imperial on the chin are noted hy the police , and considered as revolutionary . Every anniversary of the birthday of a member of the _Imperial Family bus been declared a fete-Any , and the Government requirts tliat on these occasions all the houses in Warsaw shall be illuminated from dusk to midnight . Such persons us do not lh ; lit up tbeir houses , or do so incompletely , are to be fined nnd imprisoned , and looked on as suspected , Lately , on one of those days , some bits of wood were out in front of a house situated at ihe e * -
iremity ofthe town . A police iigent cntmd and asked for the owner of tbe _houso , and , as he was absent , arrested the man ' s wife , and had her detained in prison for a month for having profaned the / e ( e ofa member of the Emperor ' s familv .
THE WAR IN TIIE CAUCASUS .-NEW BEb'EATS OF TIIE RUSSIANS . Prince Wnronzoff lias resigned his command of tha Circassian army of Russia , and has been appointed ambassador at Vienna . This aide and distinguished man was appointed general in chief of the armv , in the expectation that , by his known great , military _nbility and the _vii-our of his character , he would succeed in effecting that which none of his _predecesstirs in command have been able to effect , viz ., at least such a commencement of conquest in _Circassia as would give some good prospect of a final triumph to the Russian arms in that country . But though he has had under his orders the largest force ever employed in this war , and hai certainly shown great boldness and enterprise , his discomfiture has only been tho more signal on these accounts . His expedition to Darga , through a most difficult mountain country , every pass of which was stubbornlv
defended , was a omst arduous one , and required all tho nerve and courage the Prince is by all acknowledged to possess to inspirit , him to undertake it . But having reached the point , at an i- mense sacrifice of men , where he d . _-.-sired to establish a Russian post , iiis defeat was complete . Nothing can give a better idea of how comrdetc it was than the fact that _Woronzoff was forced to fight there hand to hand , in "he melee with the enemy ; by which display of per » sonal valour , it is said , bis troops were rescued from , a frightful carnage . Iiis retreat from that place also was a scries of defeats , which , at Janyoueliy , in Georgia , ( where again , fighting like a common soldier , he barely escaped being taken prisoner ) , terminated in a rout and a flight . On the . lowest computation . 20 , 000 men ofthe Russian army most have fallen in buttle duritiy : the campaign , after this nctinn had taken place . As regards the "inter and spring _campaign of the hostile armies , it appears evident that all ihe advantages have h n en on the
side of Sbatml . 1 he last tidin « s of him that I forwarded was thata'division cf his force had succeeded in crossing the Russian lines , and establishing cemmunieations with the Circassians of the inteiior ; {• . ml « c have now , within the last few days , Icp nt that this division being joined by their countrymen , have already taken the important Russian fort of _Asahjcc-k , situated in the coast district of Abasahk . In this and all the other _Ru- _^ si an forts in Circassia , it is well known that the garrisons are prisoners ; that they possess not a rood of ground outside their fortifications , beyond which if tbey venture they immediately fall into the hands of the enemy . It appears , however , that in the fort in question a scarcity nf food prevailed to such an extent that a
numerous band of _forasers were sent out to procure , if possible , provision , by making a sudden attack on some neighbouring villages . But they could not accomplish their purpose . They were met by a body of _Shainil ' s men , and so hotly ' pursued back to their fort , that the pursuers got a lodgment within its walls at the same time that the fugitives entered them . Tho outward works ot the fortress were speedily mastered by the Circassians , and the _garrison was obliged to take refuge in the citadel , which _, was a very strong hold . Shamil _' s men were , nevertheless , nothing daunted - at its strength . They brought up the few guns they pose _3- < ed , and openeda battery upon it . They _miabt , however , have expended all their ammunition in vain , if an aceie ' ent
had not given them the complete victory , ihe powder magazine of the citadel , into wbieh same shot must have fnund its way , suddenly blew up . The whole _garrrison , about 200 men and 33 officers , _perishi'd in the explosion . The Circassian ;* , of course , razed the works , and entirely demolished the fortress . At the same time that this was doinir ,. the various tribes of Daguestan had _organized themselves into military bands , and were about to place themselves under tho command of Shamil , with the view it it is said , of prosecuting an offensive warfare in _Geontia , it is no matter of surprise then , that in the ( ace of those events Woroiizoffshould _resign his com . mand , or snlfer a recall ; for surely both he and tho
Emperor his master must feel themselves disconcerted , baffled , and mortified deeply by their repeated defeats , and the repeated triumphs of Shamil . WorohzoiT ' s appointment as ambassador at Viennamust be regarded as a disgrace , for by this appointment he loses his post as governor ofthe Crimea , and the Ukraine—as Viceroy , as he was called , of New Russia , After Darga he was made a prince , as it was _thought behind this title to hide the reverses he had experienced ; but now that these reverses bave become sojpatent that there is no longer any hope of hidina them , lie is visited with this most angrymark of the Emperor ' s displeasure . Sh . _- _. mil aid his Circassians shine heroically on the same canvas that depicts the discomfiture of the Russian arms .
ALGERIA . The Presse slates that _Abd-el-Kadcr and his Deira were still in the environs of _Tezzs , but that his two indefatigable lieutenants . Bou Maza and _llady Sshir , still menaced the French frontier a * , tlie head ofa few partisans ; the first , in the mountains contiguous to the coast , and the other in the plain * of Sahara . Their _attempts , however , had hithertobeen ineffectual .
UNITED STATES AND MEXICO , The steam ship Cambria arrived at Liverpool , on lucsday , after an exceedingly boisterous passage from Boston . The despatches received announce the important fact that tlie Government of Mexico had d clined to accept the overtures ot the United Slates for the termination of the war until the will of the constituent _Coneress convened tortile 1 st of December next , shall be determined . General Taylor had advanced to within seventy _nuli-s of Monterey , but it is hoc unlikelv that tho ni'goeiiuious for pence will cause a cessation t _* f hostilities . The ettor of mediation on the part of Great-Britain , between the United States and Mexico , h . ts been rejected courteously , but dccidedlv .
_AsrogKi-d _* _. the internal _.-. ftairsot ' the United States , the mob law of Illinois , has triumphed with ease and impunity over the _Mnrmons . On fhe 13 th uif > several skirmishes took place in the vicinity of N : mvno , in which eighteen or twenty persons were killed . The disputes were afterwards successfully compromised upon condition that the Mormon ? wi ;' ' _--m live days evacuated ihe citv . The _^ c terms h & vin * been accepted , the city was quickly invested by hwloss citizens ot the state and , _accoi-dina to letters trom St . Louis , the exiled sect were arriving daily in that place in a state of extreme destitution " .
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—"•¦"'•*—-"...»..,..¦«*' Politics Foruid...
— " •¦ _"' - " ... _» ..,.. _¦«*' Politics Foruidpk . v . _—Behli . n , Oct . 5 . —Resnecting the refusal of the government of Saxo We ' ircer to permit the association of German literati to meet in that capital , we learn that this resolution has been adopted in consequence of a _agreement between the German governments , by which such permission shall not be granted unless the president of the _association , or meeting fa question , engages _m-. * ive amV mise that tho discussions shall be confined to ' the proper objects of the _association , and all political matters to be wholly avoided , or in no case made tho sumcct of public discussion .
Ilk Jews is thk Cantos or Berke have been relieved by the Grand Council from the restrictions imposed upon them b y the decree of 1820 , wb > h compelled tbem to take out an annual license to trade - p submit all advances made on pledges to the police-and w _, ucU forbade them keeping their nc _* * wr ilrlV _^ fi _S rewl _» ng" » _ge lor in any _lan-gauge written in the Hebrew character . From the Bohemian _Fbostiebs _, Sept . 2 / . —According to accounts from Bosnia , the wholo population , including the Mahomedan Slavonians , is in siicn . a state of excitement , that serious disorders aro expected , and that an attempt to acquire indepentlance , encouraged by Serviii , may probablv _sooii be
made . French travellers have lately been frequently observed in the country : o : _ie of them was lately put in prison by the Pacha of Banjalaka , _becaus e he could not give a satisfactory account of the object of his journey . The example of the incrcasinp low pcrity ofthe principality of Servia has great , nfl * cucq . Thus lie Ottoman , empire , instead of / _, £ _l taming a lead m Lurope , is _tending mr ..- / . .. „ i I , L to its dissolution . ° ni 0 , e " ' Waii _Invention We In * .. * . _r . „ ' » _t i * L lieutenant Wp _! ,. J V * . ar t , om Munich th . ifr vetted \ ro , l , n '• , y arian Artillery , has inwhichfare 3 _W * Blobo or bal 1 ' tho effects of £ 5 f _] to 5 ° tremendous . It is under examu » , ion Vy a military commission _.-t ? _flty _««>» ;
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 17, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_17101846/page/7/
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