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touAHY 18, 1845. THE NORTHERN STIR. . 7
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ggrii ulture aii& Wottitultim
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JToB'ncn.TCKE. —Since the date of our la...
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stuntt aim art
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Paris Academy of Sciences.—Sitiixg of Ja...
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paring it with former verdicts on simila...
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Makixo good use of a Pest. —The Fr ench ...
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•BanftrttjptjS, m.
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"" ' bankrupts. *"'" (From Friday's Gaze...
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MARKET INTELLIGENCE.
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Loxdo.v Con.v- Exchange, Monday, Jan. 13...
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. £.. *iK'.-: .*iT ; '%J '5 $ -»r :¦ . -...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Touahy 18, 1845. The Northern Stir. . 7
touAHY 18 , 1845 . THE NORTHERN STIR . . 7
Ggrii Ulture Aii& Wottitultim
_ggrii _ulture aii & Wottitultim
Jtob'ncn.Tcke. —Since The Date Of Our La...
_JToB'ncn . TCKE . —Since the date of our last article iio weather has been -unusually mild , and afavournle opportunity has been presented for thoroughly _enlikring all " the plant-houses , pits , frames , 4 c . _Tjoge who have the convenience of a small forcingit may commence forcing a few rhododendrons , pleas , Chinese azaleas , China roses , hydrangeas , ' _eigian lilacs , &< _:-, which , if gently forced , will come ito bloom at a most desirable period , and make the _onscrvatory very gay in the month of March , April , n jj May . A pit heated with hot water is best adapted ir this purpose , ' as the heat is mild and regular , and [ _together more congenial to the growth of the plants i 3 nthe ordinary smoke flues . Such a pit might be _jnstrueted at a very small expense , and would prove _rt ahiable to those who love to see flowers in their
Ljeenh ouse the whole year round . The pit should | _e constructed with a narrow passage at the back , j „ ih . it in cold weather the plants might be _jfjtcrcd and attended to without removing the lashes . It would bo an improvement if a small _lorfion of _t _' _lcpiiwere fitted up with a hot water tank , j , order that a gentle bottom beat might be provided or flio _^ e plants which prefer such treatment . A pit _onsistmg of four or five lights would be sufficiently jKe to furnish a moderate-sized conservatory with , ]< Kiiaing plants during the winter and _siiringmonihs . [ ke same boiler would heat the water in the tank as rell as that in _ ilm pipes . Those commencing to 0 rce should maintain a temperature of from 50 to 10 degrees by day , and from 40 to 50 degrees by night . the be to
r _^ _t plants properly attended with water _, _jjul slightly syringed in the middle of the day with ¦ faier which has been standing some time m tiie pit . ,-Ke Greenhouse . The early geraniums are throw ing up their trusses of bloom , and should lie neatly jtaked out , and the plants should be frequently turned about to induce a regular growth . Guano water may hs Uborally supplied , taking care that it is sufficiently diluted , especially if the imported guano lie used " ; ne prefer Potter ' s guano for plant cultivation . —The power-garden . A few of the half-hardy annuals , such as _Xemophylla Glarkia , & c , may be sown in pans , and placed on a shelf in the greenhouse ; they will come in well for early planting out . —The Vinery . Those who intend to commence forcing their vincrv
in February , should shut up the hothouse from this time , and should lay on a good coating of long dung over the vine border . The vines may be syringed once a day . _—TheJStchcn-garden . Continue the pruning and nailing of ihe wall trees , and the pruning of aD the small fruits . —BelUs Weekly Messenger _^ Florists' Flowers . —Tulips will soon be showing themselves , especially whereplanted early : though , in consequence of the wet weather in _^ November , several large and first-rate collections were not put in the ground till very late : this is very prejudicial to thc future bloom . —Carnations are this season generally healthy ; yet they also must receive every
attention , especially by keeping them free from dead or decaying leaves , or from too much moisture . Take care never to close the frames when the foliage chances to be wet , as this is extremely pernicious , and induces mildew and other diseases , which often icrionsly affect a whole collection . —Pinks . Look over thc beds , and fasten those plants which have been raised by the late frost . Do not yet replace any casualties , bnt wait till nearer spring , when ihe blanks may be filled up with safety . Continue to use every precaution as to protection , & c . Turn composts , and keep & vigilant eye for destructive insects .
Gotiaoeus Oaiexdah . —At this season , when there is little to be done in the way of cropping , everything around the cottage should be made clean and * neat ; all vegetable refuse should be collected to rot for manure— -nothing of this kind should be lost . While the weather is favourable , a sowing of Marshall ' s Dwarf , Prolific or Mazagan Beans may lie made . Tiiey may be sown in drills about eighteen inches apart , and planted about three inches apart in the drilL A sowing of thc Early Frame Pea , if not already done , mav also now be made on a warm border . For
this crop the seeds may be sown pretty thickly , and in case of hard frost they should be protected by fern or furze , & e . ; and some of the latter chopped may be put in the drills to prevent the ravages of mice . As autumn is the best time for pruning all kinds of fruit trees , even thc peach , every opportunity that occurs should be embraced for performing the operation . Gooseberries and currants , if not already pruned , may now be done , so as to allow the ground to be dug amongst them ; and all vacant ground should be innicd up rough as early as possible , in order that it may receive the benefit of the frost .
" Home" axd " Foreigx" _Maxuues . —In many localities there is a great waste of valuable manures , through neglect and want of skill or energy in not adopting proper means to collect them . In some neighbourhoods these manures , thus allowed to run to waste , arc a complete nuisance ; while large sums of money arc annually expended for foreign manures , thc fertilising properties of which , in many cases , are exhausted in thc first season : besides which , the farmer is often cheated by thc infamous tricks prac tised hy some ofthe dealers in these manures . There can be no doubt that much good has been derived from guaao , < fcc ., and that more may be expected when the proper mode of their application is more generally understood . Bnt this does not leave ns with any excase for neglecting the valuable resources which we possess ourselves .
The Soil will froouce zrs own _Masphes . —The soil will never become exhausted if properly treated , tut will continue io improve In depth , purity , and fertility , by an increased attention being paid to it . It is true that the food of plants may be exhausted in any soil by a continuced succession of cropping of anyone family or order , through our own neglect , or our ignorance of the proper way of returning to the soil thc beneficial properties it stands in need of . The soil itself does not require what is commonly called rest ; but is always ready to , yield her beautiful products most bountifully , if wc only combine in its management foresight ,
judgment , and industry : under such a discipline she will produce a sufficiency of the most natural manures for every succeeding production . A very useful fertiliser , and , to a considerable extent , useful manure , may be obtained in many localities , by charring or carbonising materials which are now of but little value , and , in many cases , arc almost entirely lost to all useful purposes—sueh as tan , sawdust , chips , and refuse from timber yards , hedge-Mmmings , sods , turf , and all kinds of refuse vegetation _. The experience of many years nas taught that the application of these things * in a carbonised state is productive ofthe most beneficial effects .
Charcoal , or Burnt Vegetable Matter , as a Fertiliser . —As some persons have not been so successful as they expected to be in the use of this -fertiliser , they ought to know that thorough drainage must be , the grand object kept in view ; in other " words- , there must be a free admission of the atmospheric air into the earth , or but little benefit will be derived from charcoal . It is to its absorbing and condensing properties , and its giving off its useful propertie * slowly but permanently , when thc atino-¦ phere has free admission , that its value is attributable . The result of a long experience is amply this—that those plants to which charcoal has been applied , in connection witha thorough drainage , are always thc healthiest , the most luxuriant , and the best rooted . When the drainage has been _iin-Ierfect or slovenly , invariably the contrary effects ave been produced , although the quality and proportions of the soils have been the same as in the other case .
Geaxo sciestipioallt spokes or . "Hom 2 "Ma-: * cbe the best . —When Sir Robert Peel , in his address to thc fanners of Taniworth , called their attention to guano , he did so under the impression that it might be a means for increasing thc fertility ofthe land , sad a panacea for their losses _oec & sioned iby the tariff and the new Corn _Laws . Since then , thc most extravagant encomiums have been published in : its favour , many of which may be traced to persons interested in its sale . I am not going to deny , that , ; as a means for assisting io raise an occasional crop of _itumipsfor cattle food , it may answer ; but I much wish to bring the attention of farmers to the fact , that , at best , four ewt . of guano can only force a crop of corn at the expense of other materials in thc
land ; and in so doing , having supplied only 3001 b . or 4001 b . of the elements of vegetation , it- will take from the soil some tons . Its use , therefore , must , _Tufless other sources of nutriment are supplied , cause _^ _Appointment , or a rapid exhaustion of the land , to * _k permanent injury . An application of four cwt . ° f guano , of which about 121 b . per ewt . is water , is _wnsidercd a full dressing for an acre of land , whilst a 0 » 1 _» of t-orn takes away 40001 bs . to _oOOOlbs . of the _* aiae elements that constitute guano . The following table _smnra thc actual elements of vegetation in the several crops taken in four years , and af ter a dress-• _hig , and prior to another application ; and although _* small portion may be supposed to have been taken _poni the air and moisture , still the necessity that _k always experienced in practice for periodically _^ _pnscitaliug the land , and the difference in the Jicid after the application of manure , as contrasted _*!«! the sterility caused by continued cropping without
renovation , show that the principal portion of * _i _£ ' _^ not _* ent ' > must he derived from matter : "nhe soil . The rotation of cropping hitherto _con-^ fl _^* ¦ _* _* most enlightened and profitable is ; _* he lour-c-ourse—of turnips , _oais or barley , seeds , and "heat . By beginning with a dressing , and by the ! consumption on _^ gj _^ _mj 0 f _f ue turnips , sufficient _^ considered to have been bestowed on the land to _ad-5- h wo croPs of com and one of hay being taken _« _Wiout fnrther manuring . That this should besue' _^ i * Practice , aud without _deti-iment to the soil £ _* ien dung has been applied , is readily shown by the j _* . that the dressing consists of from fifteen to iJf _^ - _^ _ctonsperacre ; wMlstthecrops , when dried , J ?** away only about five tons ; and when the water _tru _? « _dnnS has been removed , it is curious , but wei ? n * _tis debtor and creditor account ofthe _neari 0 f 1 Battcr applied and withdrawn may be said ibepn r balaace- But should the dressing have 1 2 ** _f guano , allowing the same return to have Ta _stained ) but which 1 do not for a moment be-
Jtob'ncn.Tcke. —Since The Date Of Our La...
lieve possible ) the acre will have lost ll , 0501 bs . of nutriment , 4001 hs . alone having been supplied ; It is clear , therefore , either that guano cannot give for the corn what dung will ; or , if it does , it must beby stimulating the inert matter already in existence in the soil , and of course at the expense of latent nutriment , and to the impoverishment of the land for the Mure . An acre of land , cropped with turnips , oats , seeds , and wheat , allowing the turnips to have been tea on the ground , and only one crop of hav taken , aitords _, exclusive of water , the foMowin wei » bi « f the elements of vegetation : — < - > _- ,-
J ? roduce of an Acre in lour Tears . Wh « n Composition . dried . Car . Hyd . Ox . Nit . Ash . n * J _£ - m - as - ffis - _ffiB - Bis . lbs . _Oafe--. » . 2 , 540 1 , 980 963 122 697 42 76 Ditto Straw .. 3 , 838 2 , 750 1 , 378 143 1 , 073 U 140 _?** " 3 » ° « 2 , 400 1 , 137 120 90 S 50 133 _W _» _ttt 1 . 890 1 , 600 735 91 C 95 37 30 Ditto Straw .. 3 , 240 2 , 400 1 , 161 127 935 9 1 C 3 14 , 282 11 , 050 5 , 374 6 11 i ~ m 149 COS The loss by cropping , experienced in both faimin _" and gardening , as proved , may be regained _onlv by dressings ; it is , therefore , most mireasonable to _' suppose that by any means the appropriation of 400 lb of guano can supply the materials here shown to be withdrawn . The elements of guano are precisely the
same as those removed by the growth of these crops : tfieylnvCWiseasTcewith those of yard manure , dittoing only in thc relative proportions of their components , and guano is remarkable onlv for the _larger proportion of nitrogen and its quicker " decomposition . It is to the latter quality that its success in _promoting the early growth of the turnip plant is owing ; but that it affords the materials for a single crop of corn I think I have shown to be impossible , and , if so , the landowners are greatly prejudicing themselves bv persuading their tenants to use it . Unfortunatelv , the only purpose to which I think it mav be applied is , in forcing beyond the reach of the fly the early growth of the young turnip plant . I fear its use for this purpose may be mischievous in lessenine the
anparent necessity and proper application of stock excrement . In that case , gradual , although certain , deteriorationofthelandwillresult . Iwishto caution fanners not to expect 400 lbs . of guano to raise 11 , 050 lbs . of corn and hay , lest , like the pursuit of the philosopher ' s stone , or of the essence of food ( of which a pill a day was to suffice for a strong man ) , they , like the alchemists of old , waste their labour and their means in their pursuit of an unattainable end . I think it is _absin _^ to imagine that ve getable growth can be attained otherways than by the consumption or transmutation of an equal amount of elementary matter . To give the earth a ton to get back a ton , sounds reasonable and plausible ; but to imagine that the materials of one can produce eleven , is 1 leave the reader to supply the hiatus . —Hewitt
Davis . —Spring Park , near Croydon . The _Mckraix ox the Coxiixext . —The disease which has reigned among the horned cattle of Bohemia since the end of October is the contagious -typhus . It commenced in the frontier province of Southern Russia , from whence it was propagated into Gallicia , and was carried bv some oxen from Galllcia to Moravia , and thence to Bohemia . The malady not beingrecognised atthe commencement , no seques ' - tration or interruption of communication took place , and the typhus , therefore , obtained an _extonsion . JSo sanatory cordon has been placed on the frontier of Bavaria , nor is it considered necessaiy , as the most efficacious means are now adopted in Bohemia to check the progress of thc disease , and arrive at the extinction of it .
Stuntt Aim Art
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Paris Academy Of Sciences.—Sitiixg Of Ja...
Paris _Academy of Sciences . —Sitiixg of Jax . 6 . —Several communications werc received of real or imaginary improvements in railway travelling , with a view to the security of passengers ; but if we are to judge from what has _oecmred in the case of the Alarquis de Jouffroy , it will be months or even years before a report is made npon their merits . Theonl y communication of apparent interest at this sitting was one from M . Chaussenot , announcing that he has invented a _comjrteur ( indicator ) marking the rate of speedat which a railway train travels . Is M . Chaussenot aware that what he announces as a new invention ofhisown was invented and exhibited in Paris three years ago by Mr . Wroughton . an English
gentleman ? \ V e saw the working model of Mr . _Wroughton ' s indicator . _^ It marked the rate of speed in an entire line , and in such a way that the clerk at every station could know as wcllat what rate the train had travelled over every part of the road as the conductor , in whose charge the indicator was to be placed . This invention , wliich was perfect in every part , was submitted to thc Minister of Public Works , and by him referred to the Inspector-General of Ponts-et-Chaussees ; but , although Mr . "Wroughton ,. who is a man of property , required no remuneration , having only the public good in view , his invention was not adopted ? We hope M . Chaussenot may be more successful , but thc merit of originality does not lie with him . M . Peltier informed the academy that he has ascertained that
copper wires , long exposed to the action ofthe electric fluid , become very brittle . This is a very important fact as connected with electrical telegraphs in which the wires are numerous and externally placed , as is the ease with those of Profes 3 oi ' "Wlieatstone ' s telegraph , butthc objection does not apply to the electrical telegraph invented by Mr . Bain , and which has been described in the Journal des Chemins de Fer . Mr . Bain accomplishes every thing with one wire placed underground , in acoatof bitumen , and which cannot therefore break , however brittle it may be rendered by the action of the fluid . In a notice of one ofthe sittings , many months ago , we mentioned an ingenious apparatus by a M . Chuart , _ine object of which is to indicate the danger from fire-damp , or the escapes oi
hydrogen gas , used for thc purposes of lighting . Scarcely a month passes without some account of _explosions in shops , cellars , Ac ., from the escape of gas on the sudden application of a light , the mere smell ofthe gas not being found , as it ought to be , a sufficient warning against the use of alight , until a window should be opened to admit a free current of air , and diminish the proportion of hydrogen gas , so as to render it inexplosible . M . Chuart ' s invention consists of aball or globe , contained in a chemical solution highly sensible to any deterioration of the atmosphere , and acting upon a lever which sets an index in motion , and thus shows the vitiated state of the atmosphere , whether in a mine or elsewhere , Ions before the common air can beso saturated
with gas as to explode on the application of a light . The ideals exceedingly ingenious , and the application of it would be useful wherevergas is used for lighting , if we could believe that people who are so negligent as not to take warning by the smell of escaped gas , would like thc trouble of watching the index of a gas indicator . M . Chuart has indeed added to his invention an alarum bell , wliich is struck by the lever when the ball is thrown off its equilibrium by the vitiated state of the atmosphere . Since M . Chuart first exhibited his apparatus , he has made a great improvement . His ball or globe was orig inally of glass , wliich was not only too heavy , but was also liable to breakage . He now makes it of copper , so very thin that its weight is almost nominal , and yet it is perfect in every part . We understand that he has arrived at this perfection by means ofthe galvanic process , -which gives a thinner substance than any
mechanical means could effect consistently with the compactness that is required for thc certain operation ofthe apparatus .. M . Chatin made a communication of much interest in relation to the question lately put to the academy , as to whether the sale of arsenic might be prohibited without material injury to the purposes of science and domestic economy for which it is used ? One ofthe objects to the prohibition of this poison was its use in the treatment of grain , to prevent the development of smut . M . Chatin states , as the result of several experiments , that the use of arsenic on seed corn does not prevent the development of this disease , and therefore that , as regards this application of the poison , no injury could be sustained by the prohibition of the sale . It may be well to observe here that corn , to the seeds of which arsenic is applied , is not impregnated at all by the poison ; there is no trace whatever of it as the vegetative process proceeds .
The Stars . —It has long been concluded amongst astronomers that the stars , though they only appear to our eyes as brilliant points , are all to be considered as suns / reprcsentingso many solarsysteins , each bearingageneralresemblanco toour ow » . Thestarshave a brilliancy and apparent magnitude which-we may safely presume to he in proportion to their actual size , and thc distance at which they are placed from u . « . Attempts have been made to ascertain the distance ofsomc ofthe stars by calculations founded on parallax , it being previously understood that , if a parallax of so much as one second , or the 3 , 600 th of a degree , could be ascertained in any one instance , the distance might be assumed in that instance as not less than 19 , 200 , 000 , 000 of miles ! In the case ofthe most brilliant star , _Sirius , even this minute parallax could not be found : from which , of course , it was to
be inferred that the distance of that star is something beyond thc vast distance which has been stated . In some others , on which thc experiment has been tried , no sensible parallax could be detected from which thc same inference was to be made in their case . But a sensible parallax of about one second has been ascertained in the case ofthe double star , aa , of the Constellation of the Centaur , aud one ofthe thhxl of that amount for the double star , 61 Cygnl ; which _<» ave reassn to presume that the distance of the former might be about 20 , Oi ) 0 , OCO , ( X > 0 of miles , and the latter of much greater amount . If we suppose that similar intervals exist between all the stars , wc shall readilv sec that the space occupied by even the comparatively small number visible to fhenaked eye , must be vast beyond all powers of conception . — Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation .
Plumage of Birds .-AI instance of the effect of carbonaceous food , upon the colour sf birds , is exemplified by feeding thc common bullfinch , for a lengthened period , on rape seed . Under the influence of this diet , the scarlet plumage on the breast will be observed gradually to ton brown , and , by its further continuance , ult _jnatoly to change to a dirty black ,
Paris Academy Of Sciences.—Sitiixg Of Ja...
ANOTHER "VISITATION OF GOD ? ' _? ' - _SHAMB 0 » THE BLASPHEMER WHO WOULD SAT 80 ! _ADJOUUXED _1 XQCEST . On Friday , the 3 rd inst ., the inquest upon Thomas James , who was killed by an explosion at the Blace Box Colliert , near Bishop Auckland-whicli is certainly an extensive one , and , as a matter of course , now that human life has been sacrificed , no doubt one ot the best ventilated mines in the north of _England —was resumed in the school-house of the colliery , before T . Trotter , Esq . ; than whom a more impartial courteous , and diligent coroner cannot Srt u _* " _$ ucst stood mlJ ° » raed from Thursday , tJt J "' , afford am P _thne to ascertain the whole ol the tacts ofthe case . The necessarv and customary _preluninaries having been gone through , the first witness called was Andrew Davis , a hewer , a poor mangled object , who deposed as follows : I went into the air course .
There was a little air , but not the usual quantity : . air . _U-Jroy told me to go up the headways-course to see il there was anything to impede the way . I went therewith a naked candle : I lifted my hand to prevent falling on t ) ie plate , and the explosion tookplace , 1 am much burned in my arms aud hands , but got out by myself . It was in the new incline where the explosion took place . On the day I got burned I was in very many places in the pit ; I thought them in a tit state to work in . Ihe explosion did not knock the _bnrttice doivn ; I can detect the gas on the candle —detected it onthis occasion ; I never worked in that part ot the pit ; I did not take a lamp , because it ts not Vie practice to do so ; I know of no danger ; I am not acquainted with the workings in that part of the pit . By Mr . Marshall ( who attended on behalf of the owners ) : My orders from Mr . Gilrov were to sec if any stones had fallen in the way to impede- the aircourse ; I have been nearly thirteen years at the colliery . '
By the Coroner : I have worked at the broken ; never saw any explosive gas , or _danger . Mr . Marshall : Mr . Coroner , I wish you to take that down . The Coroner ; I take down what I consider material . Witness : I have seen the nature of gas with Mr . _Gih-oy trying it . Saw an explosion at West Moor ; a lad was burned there . I was told to go tlrrough thc Stentin door , but did not do so ; had I done so I should have been safe . There are two troubles in that part of the pit . The davy-lamps are kkver used on this colliery , except a time by chance when there is a , fall . I had once a lamp at a fall , but only once . I have wrought at all the other flats in the pit but this one .
_Ihouias Simpson sworn : I live at Sidney Row ; am a shifter at Black Boy Colliery : I was burned at this colliery on 19 th February last , in the crosscut flat , which is a different direction to the place of the late explosion . Never used a lamp all the time I have been in the colliery , which is sixteen years . Did not know but that she was clean , or should not have gone to seek my shovel . Have known lamps used sometimes in dangerous places ; have no idea how many times a lamp has beeii used . Mr . Ilalliday questioned the witness as to how inair _jr times he had known the pit fire , but elicited no positive fact . It wag rumoured , however , that she had fired the previous day , and wliich was the thud time within the last fortnight .
By Mr . Halliday : No additional precautions ave taken after she fires to prevent a recurrence _^—they just go on as usual , as if nothing had happened . __ Mr . Marshall , in putting some questions with a view of having it recorded that the owners did all in their power for the safety of the men , was met with the following observation from The Coroner : The interest of the coal-owners ought to be identical with that ofthe workmen . Our _Corresjxnident states that a scene now commenced that will never be effaced from his memory . The coroner , jury , and others taking part in the inquiry , left the inquest room , and at once became a wandering- tribe across the fields—in this direction ,
m that , and in the other , as the houses of thc victims ofthe catastrophe happened to be situated , to gather from them that evidence they were—from the severity of their injuries and extent and intensity of their sufferings—unable to attend to give . Could but our legislators been of the party , and visited in succession cottage after cottage—homely , 'tis true , but cleanl y ; see the polishedfuruiture , the clean bed , and amid its snow-white sheets , he who but a few days before was the pride , the boa 3 t , the comforter , nay , the sole support of home , a mass of blackened distortion —a disorganised heap of misery and pain—the living remnant of the effects of thc explosive blast : could but our legislators have seen and felt this , better legislation must have quickly followed .
Ihe first house visited was that of William Newton , who stated : I am a hewer ; I worked at the Black Boy Colliery—at the Gurry pit—on Monday , the 23 fd Ult . I BELIEVE THE EXPLOSION TOOK PLACE FROM my candle . I was working at the low end of the jud next the goaf . I heard the stone working . I told the men to hold their hands . I ran out ; my candle went out . My marrow ' s ( partner ) candle was left in the face ofthe workings . It was stuck on apron about the middle of it . Heard the fall ofstone take place . It was not a large one . I went in afterwards and took a light to get my pick . It was then tho explosion took place ; I am almost certain it was from my candle ; I was knocked backward over—got up again , and got away from the } headways : am most
burned in my arms ; only a little in my body ; I had my candle very low , looking for my picks . Saw no previous signs of fire ; I understand them ; I had only been in the pit ono and a half hours , or two hours at the most . James , the deceased , was furthest in from the shaft ; we were both working near tho goaf ; have been there a month working the broken ; did not try it that morning ; my marrow told me Blanch had been in ; also John Feather stone , Hugh Matthewson , Thomas Baker , William Bullock , Thomas James , and Thomas Overend . Thc deputies always go in before us . William Blench had to see all was safe in that part . William Gilroy is overman . Have seen gas there before , but took no notice of it ; did _notknoivtluxt it was explosive ; never
worked with a lamp ; have worked ten years at the colliery , fifteen in the neighbourhood ; never asked for a lamp ; never used one in my life , and have always been employed in this district ; never heard any one ask for a lamp ; have been nine or ten years at the Black Boy Colliery , but never saw a lamp used by the hewers , only by the deputies and shifters . Blanch has often told us to mind after a fall ; to take off the loo of the candle ; was not aware that it would go olfin that way ; had neither seen Blanch nor thc overman that day ; never heard the man speak about the lamps or the gas ; it was not Bullock ' s , but my candle that caused the explosion ; I ran out for fear of the fall ; water was bursting upon us ; I am aware the water saved me , because I was knocked into it ;
there was no gas thero ; the deputies are kind and attentive to us ; I Lave nothing to complain of ; I was nearest the goaf when the explosion took place . The Coroner hereupon issued his summons for tho immediate attendance before him of Thomas Cherry , William Bullock , William Todd , and Joseph Lewis . The next scene of misery that was visited was the house of William Blanch , who stated—I am a deputy at Black Boy Colliery ; was in at eight a . m . on Monthly , 23 rd ult ; 1 generally look round to the men ; had been four times with James that day ; was there when the explosion took place . There was a fall between where James and the other men were working : I was talking to James , and the pit fired
on the other side ; I think the gas was from the fall . There " were no symptoms of gas on the candle before the fall . John Todd , the back-overman , came in about ten o'clock ; we examined beside James , where the explosion took place ; did not see fire from tho candles , which I had turned to where the explosion took placo about half an hour before , and could detect no gas ; 1 had no reason to apprehend danger ; I remained there all the time ( eight hours ) thc men were working , and in theincline ; it is my duty to see all safe and attend to the wants ofthe men ; I have worked with a lamp at the Black Boy , at Benwell , and at Gosforth collieries ; I have worked in the broken a few weeks—cannot say how many , but had no reason to apprehend danger ; have seen but small symptoms of gas or black-damp , of no consequence to a candle ; no man ever applied to me for a lamp : I have never thoueht it necessary to get one—if I had ,
I would have had the men off till I got them ; we have the power- 'to lay the men off when we see danger ; I am not deputy where tho explosion of testekdat took place ; never thought it necessary to have lamps ; _Jbioui noHdng of the chemical _nmture of ; as , oxlt bt the candle ; an explosion has not occurred , before since I have been in the colliery ; she was always thought safe . There was an explosion , but I cannot give anything particular of it . Mr . Uilroy goes down every day : my hands arc much burned —I am suffering great pain ; was near to James when the explosion took place ; I lost my senses or . a time ; the air-course where James was could iiave let more in ; the pit is well ventilated : there has been more gas since the-water has come down , about a week since ; I could not get into ihe goaf ( stone ) to examine it ; the water came from tho falling ; wc like all the light we can get , and consequently prefer candles .
The inquisition next proceeded to the distressed domicile of Thomas Overend , who stated—I am a hewer at Black Boy Colliery ; was working on Monday quite near to where the fire originated . _Jain _p _( thc deceased ) said , " I hear her working , ' hei believed , in an old fall ; heard it there , and then observed , "if we can get those coal that ' s loose , we will take no more down , I'm afraid of licr fahmg : - Blanch came in . They werc _t-dking about it : _Blancii said that side was strong , they need not bo afraid : 1 ran out after we had filled our tub for fear of her falling . There was a small fall . I ran _agamst a nrnnand _knocked _nivself down : I said " stand
a fall came , and she was in a flame ; I do not know how I got oiit ; she fired the day before in tiie place where we were working : James and I knocked it out ; _weslunved Blanch the splint crack it came out of ; he said he would show it to Gilroy ; it was
Paris Academy Of Sciences.—Sitiixg Of Ja...
bad to-knock out when it got hold : I told Blanch I was sadly frightened ; Blanch and James laughed at me ; James said mv inarrow ( partner ) is frightened ; I have heard _' of lamps , but never had concerns with any ; on the 11 th June , I shall have worked there one year ; I was afraid to go in , it was an awful place to look at ; I complained to Blanch , not to Gilroy or any other deputy ; heard _Mawsort and another say , she was very fary ; do not think that Blanch heard them ; I have never been at an explosion before ; I have seen many little firings before , about the size of my hand . By Mr Kclk , who attended on behalf of thc miners : Never knew of any precautionary measure being adopted after a firms to prevent a repetition :
never knew lamps to be introduced after these warnings ; never knew a stronger current of air applied to the firey parts ; knows nothing of thc chemical properties of gas , nor at what point of admixture it becomes explosive ; Mawson helped to take me out ; I was never down a fall before the 11 th June ; I was afraid , and complained ofthe gas every day , but thought my old marrow would understand it better than mc , and that gave me more confidence to go in ; nothing was ever done to mv knowledge to cleanse the pit of the foul air . I am _' the son of a farmer in the neighbourhood ; I had differed with my father , or I would never have gone into a pit . Thomas Cherry sworn : I am a hewer ; I reside at Sheldon ,- I was working at thc same place at Black
Boy Colliery where it fired the Saturday before—that is , two days before . I told the deputv , William Blanch , she was not safe to work ; if she fell she would fire . Ik did nothing but lauqh at me , and said there was no danger . Sue made " an attempt TnREE times that dat to _TiRE . I had mv candle in my hand , and ran out . Last Friday I went with William Gilroy to examine the returned air . She was quite safe then ; no danger at all then . Blanch was with us all that day , but on Monday I was in another part ofthe pit ; I did not mention lamps ; Blanch came in with his candle , tried the top , and said thero was no danger . I examined seven pits for three years in the Staffordshire Potteries ; I know the nature of explosive gas ; would not fear working in anv pit with
a naked candle ; have been working here for some months ; gas generall y lies above the goaf _^ and when there is a fall it comes out ; it is not safe then to work with a candle . It was Blanch ' s duty to have informed William Gilroy about the state of the pit . I understand ventilation ; the Black Boy is not _faiilty for that ; I do not consider there is a better ventilatedpit in the country ; do not know what current of air is admitted ; _t have never been round her workings . I gave over working last Saturday at the Black Boy _; Colliery ; left her in consequence of the hard quality of her coal ; I have had no differences with the masters . William Bullock sworn : Resides at Shildon ; is a hewer : was working at the cross-cut flat on Monday the 23 rd ult . —in the first shift—where the explosion took place ; I left about eleven o'clock in the forenoon ; I saw by the candle that thero was gas in tho goaf ; we talked together about it , and agreed among ourselves that wc would go back out ot * a fall ; we
were aware of tho danger if a fall came ; deputv George Naylor was there in tiie first shift , but was not present when the conversation took place ; I-have not seen gas before in the pit ; did not mention it to Naylor ; we were afraid , and agreed all to go out together ; somo little falls took place , but tho gas produced was soon cleared again ; wc thought about lamps , but did not name it to the deputy ; there were lamps used in that place a few days ago ; a little further back there was a probability of a fall , and we got out of the way ; Todd and Naylor brought lamps , and told us to leave the pit , and we did so . By Mr . Kclk : It would improve the ventilation if more shafts were sunk ; gas will naturally find its highest level , and should have means provided to allow of its escape ; I think there would be less danger if it were so ; I and others went in with Todd and Naylor with the tamps ; we made no complaint ; we _thotightthey could see for themselves whether thoy werc safe or not .
William Todd : I reside at Canny Hill ; am a hewer at Black Boy Colliery ; was not present when the explosion took p lace ; I worked in the same place , but in the first shift , with Frank Whaitc and William Hobb ; saw nothing until- between eight and nine o'clock , when I took " great notice of the candle , and saw gas ; it was rather mixed with thc stife , coming off thc goaf ; I saw nothing more until the backshift time came on , about eleven o'clock . I informed Baker that there was gas ; he tried it with his candle , and found that it was a little mixed with stife from
oft the goat ; saw nothing more ; told Baker , but did not see . Blanch or Gilroy to toll thom ; I was rather afraid at __ the time : I cautioned the men who were coming in ; I have seen her fire twice myself when I was putting in the old incline , about three years ago ; 1 worked in thc night shift with nalccd candles ; Blanch gave us lamps to work with there , because it is on the same flat , but on thc contrary side ; I only worked here in the flat one nionth before the shake ; never spoke to Blanch to ask for lamps ; never heard any talk about lamps on the colliery _; I would he afraid to work the second shift from what I saw on Monday morning ; I have worked eight years at Black Boy Colliery ; I worked at _Elswick before that ; never saw an explosion ; the gas was blue all round the candle ; when mixed with stife it would most likely he dangerous . ' George Naylor sworn : I reside at Cowhdon , as a deputy at Black Boy Colliery ; was in the fore-shaft
on Monday ; came off at eight o ' clock ; saw nothingno gas ; I tried three times that morning , and at six o ' clock saw all right ; William Todd audi thought the colliery quite safe ; it Is my duty to attend to the props , the ventilation , and the safety of tho mine ; never saw gas from the goaf ; never saw-gas ; never worked with lamps until after the first explosion : I have worked there since Monday ; the men have worked there since Tuesday ; only trifling explosions have taken place at tho Black Boy Colliery , but I cannot say how many . Andrew Davison and other men have been working in the broken with naked candles ; I know nothing of the chemical properties of gas ; I could tell , I would say , whereabouts thero were gas by my candle _; it was about four or fivo days before that I told thc men to go out of her . for I thought there would be a fall ; I saw gas on the lamp ; gas got from the broken workings—sufficiently so when James got his death . I cannot write .
- , Joseph Lewis sworn : I reside at Oanny-hill ; am a hewer at Black Boy Colliery ; was working in the first shift on Monday , the 23 rd ; losed ( left work ) at eleven o'clock ; saw no gas ; took notice of no danger that day ; Bullock and mc were working together ; did not hear him say that there was gas ; when there are threatenings of a fall I get out of tho way ; __ I saw no gas on the candle on the occasion ; I tried it , but sawno blue flame ; had no apprehension of an explosion ; have known gas come in after a fall ; a-fortnight before , there was no ga 3 on taking down a fuller ; the deputy sent us a fortnight before into the crosscut ; have worked with lamps since the explosion of the 23 rd ; there has been no explosion since ; I found no gas whilst working with lamps .
Jonathan _. Marshall sworn : I am a hewer , and work at Black Boy Colliery ; was beside the place on Monday _theSSvd , when tho explosion took placo ; saw the fire coming , lay down , and the fire passed over mc ; I afterwards assisted in getting Overend out ; he came creeping , and I assisted him ; it fired but once that day ; I was more afraid of her firing a second time ; I was working in the whole coal , neat the broken ; never heard anything about lamps ; had uo dread of danger . By Mr . Matthew Halliday , lecturer to the Miners ' Association : No precautionary measures were ever adopted after an explosion to prevent its recurrence ; none of any kind whatever ; we just cleaned her out , and then went on as usual .
Thomas Cherry recalled : I believe it was proper that lamps ought to have been used in this part ( the cross-cut flat ) ofthe colliery ; it is not safe to work in the broken without lamps "; Gilroy and I differed in opinion . / am sure there ivas not sup . ient air in thai part to fetch the gas off the goaf ; no current of air could carry the wMe of the gas off the goaf ; there are not five men on Black Roy Colliery who understand anything about gas . William Gih-oy sworn : I have the care of Black Boy Colliery ; an explosion did take place there yesterday ; Wilson and Simpson were burned ; they took a candle contrary to orders . The jury retired at five o'clock to consider their verdict , and on their return gave in their verdict as follows : —
" That the explosion had been caused by the gas coining in contact with a lighted candle : that some blame was attributable to William Blench , the overman , but this they attributed to an error in judgment—and they were also of opinion that thc owners should take every pains to prevent thc recurrence of such accidents . "
Thus terminated this important inquiry : one which cannot fail to shew tothe country thc absolute necessity of a thorougldy revised system , strictly enforced by legislative authority , in thc future working of coal mines . Here is an instance , where the lives of several hundred men and boys were in jeopardy every moment , —not five men amongst them ( and possibly not one of those five in authority ) who knew anything whatever of their most deadly enemy , carburretted hydrogen gas . Frequent , nay , daily as
these explosions are , the wonder almost seems to be that their ravaging effects are not of still more frequent occurrence . That such a state of things should be allowed to exist in ihe present advanced stage of science—when the certain means of prevention arc known and have been in successful practical operation by Mr . llyan , in the Staffordshire collieries , for fourteen years past , without a single failure to mar his fame , —is a reproach to the legislature , to every friend of humanity ; and can only Le accounted for by __ the scientific ignorance and consequent apathy of the working colliers themselves . But for that , they must long ago have aroused tlio nation .-il voice to their perilous position . Let us hope the Goveir _.-ment will take up the matter in earnest on the inciting of Parliament , and adopt such measures with a firm hand , regardless of individual interests , as the urgency of the case demands . Considering the evidence , the verdict was a miserable result : yetcom-
Paring It With Former Verdicts On Simila...
paring it with former verdicts on similar occasions , it shows an improved tone of public feeling .... Had the sufferers been rich , and tho engine ot destruction a rail-road , the VERDICT in -all probability , would have been MANSLAUGHTER .
Makixo Good Use Of A Pest. —The Fr Ench ...
Makixo good use of a Pest . —The Fr ench hai'e embarked in a curious enterprise for the destruction of rats , operations having already commenced at the Royal Library in rue Richelieu . In the short space of three days more than 1200 rats were taken , and the purposes to which the bodies are converted are these : —The skin is prepared with great care , and proves of great rn ) ne as a fur . Tho carcass , properly speaking , is sent to a melting-house at Grcnellc , where it is boiled down for the sake of the grease , which is found to be an excellent material for the manufacture of candles . Thc flesh that remains of the animal is sold for the nutriment of birds , ducks ,
and pigs . Thc leg and thigh bones , moreover , which are described as being as fine as ivory , arc employed in thc manufacture of car and tooth-picks , so that it is observed not- a particle of it is wasted . _RoBKKns is Fiunce . —Madame Jayct , a washerwoman in the rue de la _Viei-ge , on returning to her apartment on Thursday , found two men , who had got in by means of false keys , busily employed _; ih packing up all they could find . As soon as she made her appearance one of them seized her by the throat and threatened to strangle her if sho gave the alarm . They then decamped with all speed , but Madame Jayct recovered-her voice , and , crying out " Stop thief , " the men were pursued and overtaken on the qu . ii d'Orsay . One of them was immediately secured , but tiie other , in the hope of escape , threw himself into the river . A waterman at hand , however , who was a good swimmer , plunged in after him , and , bringing him back to the shore , delivered him also into safe custody . —Gdlignani .
The Bot _Joses in Ghueoe—His Visit to ins Palace of Kino _Oino !—The following is an extract of a letter from an officer on board her Majesty ' s ship Warspite , Smyrna , Dec . 23 , 1844 , to his friends m England : — "The boy Jones , who belongs to this ship , disappeared one night at Athens , and eveiyone said lie was gone to call on King Ot-ho . I believe that was his intention , as he was found near the palace , and brought back very much disappointed , to think he could not pay his intended visit . He is a strangelooking fellow , appeal's half asleep , and seldom speaks to any one . It is the custom to punish when a man _dosortg ; but Jones is put on thc black list , and . hia grog stopped as long as he remains in the ship . "Shipping Gazette .
•Banftrttjptjs, M.
• _BanftrttjptjS , m _.
"" ' Bankrupts. *"'" (From Friday's Gaze...
"" ' bankrupts . * _" '" ( From Friday ' s Gazette . ) Joseph Brown , _Rcp-ent-stvect _, Westminster , grocer-George _Flintofr , Plymouth , bookseller—William Vallance , Liverpool , merchant . dividends . Jan . 31 , W . Copper , Reading , grocer—Feb . 3 , T . Johnson , 3 en ., W . Johnson , and G . Mann , bankers—Jan . -i , S . Cox , _Ib-unswick-street _, Stamford-street , horse-dealer—Jan . 81 , T . _Eldritljje , Upper North-place , _Gray ' _s-inn-rond , _coaeh-buildcr—Jan . 21 , R . Robinson , Strand , coal-merchant—Jan . 23 , J . Garnett _, Liverpool , merchant—Feb . 1 , A . T , Tebbitt , Birmingham , tea-dealer—Jan . SI , A . Vtysv , N . Baker , W . S . _Bcntall , and R . _Harwell , Totalis , bankers —Feb . 4 , S . W . Harrison , Bristol , builder— . Tim . 31 , J _.-and T > . Arthur , Xeath , Glamorganshire , ironmasters—Feb . 4 , J . C . Petrio , Bedlington , Durham , miller—Feb . Il , 3 . Sorby , Sheffield , steel-manufacturer—Feb . 0 , J . Firth , _Ileckmond-IVihe , Yorkshire , merchant—Feb . 7 , F . Parker , Rothcrhani , soed-crusher—Feb . 1 , B . Jones , Birmingham , . victualler .
_BANKRUPTS . [ " -Front . Tuesday's Gazelle . ) John Curwen _, Bridge-place , Yauxliall , cheesemonger-Louis Jean Baptiste Vaudeau and Luuis Oncziuie Benjamin Vandeau , Wood-street , Cheapside , dealers in artificial flowers—William Tytleinan , Chelmsford , timber-merchant —Charles Frederick Warnian , Huundsditch , china-dealer —William JIojcs and T . Muring , Camomile-street , City , carmen—James Pell Yaliop , Durham-street , llacknc . vroad , carpenter—Arthur Urideson , Clare-street , Claremni'ket , cheesemonger—John Steadinau , _Haylieid-placc , Mile-eml-vond , engineer— Michael _Ci'ouach aud Marx Hivschmenn , Sise-lane _, City , _merchants—Com-od llavevkani Greenhow , North Shields , ship-broker—Thomas Joplin , Sunderland , linen-draper—John Blake , Sunderland , Durham , liardwnrcman—Charles Lewis , Bath , inn-keeper —Richard Bratton . sen ., Shrewsbury , cabinet-maker .
_DECLAHATIONS OF DIVIDENDS . G . and W . Noel , Jermyn-street , St . Jamrs _' s , bootmakers , first dividend of 3 s fid in the pound , any Wednesday , at the office of Sir . Belcher , King ' s Arms-yard , Coleman-street . R . Palliser , Moovgate-streot , saddler , first dividend of ad in the pound , Saturday next , and two following Saturdays , at the office of Mr . Groom , _Abchurcli-lnne , City . W . Broome , Oxford-street , linen-draper , second and final dividend of 3 _^ d in tho pound , Saturday next , and two following Saturdays , at the office of Mr . Groom , Abcliurch . lane , City . J . Buckton , Darlington , Durham , grocer , first dividend on new proofs , of 3 s -Id in the pound , any Saturday , at the office of Mr . Baker , Newcastle-upon-Tyne . D . Storm , Cardiff ; builder , first dividend of Is in the pound , any Monday , atthe office of Mr . Acraman , Bristol . W , Walker , Walness , Lancashire , dealer aud chapman , first dividend of lOJd in the pound , any Tuesday , at the office of Mr . ILobsoii , Manchester . T . W . Buttcrworth , Hulme , Lancashire , draper , first dividend of Is 10 id in the pound , any Tuesday , atthe office of Mr . Hobson , Manchester .
DIVIDENDS . Feb . 0 _,-W . C . Clough _, Eye , Suffolk , apothecary—Fob . 0 , W , L , Bore , Eghum , Surrey , innkeeper—Feb . G , J . Coles , New Bond-street , _jowener—Feb . 11 , J . F . Cork and J . L , Do Carle , New Bond-street , coach-builders—Feb , 4 , W . A , Mearns , Clapham , Surrey , ale-brewer—Feb . 4 , J . G . Webb , Rosamond-buildings , Islington , mineral water-manufacturer—Feb . 6 , It . J . Webb , Both , wine-merchant—Feb . 7 , M . Martin , Bristol , upholsterer —Feb . 7 , It . B . Palmer , Bath , watchmaker—Feb , 4 , R . Williams , Bristol , dealer in butter—Feb . 0 , W . and 1 \ Charters , Merthyr Tydvil , Glamorganshire , toa-dealers—Feb . G , J . IIolroytl , Xorth-inoor , Northumberland , farmer—Feb . 6 , J . Bannister and D . Simpson , Liverpool , shipwrights — Feb . 14 , W . Xewall , jun ., aud A . Harrison , Manchester , grocers—Feb . 11 , J . Tristram , Basfbrd , Nottinghamshire , beer house-keener—Feb . 11 , R . Russell , Bradford , Yorkshire , provision-merchant—Feb . 11 , A . and J . Shepherd , lluddersficld , Yorkshire , merchants—Feb . 8 , J . Jardine , Liverpool , merchant —Feb . 1 , n . _Denxiloe , Bridport , Dorsetshire , grueer—Feb . 7 , J . and W . Wolland , Exeter , turners—Feb . 11 , W . II . Bates , Birmingham , factor .
CEBTIFICATES TO BE CHANTED , UNLESS CAUSE BE SII 017 S TO THE CONTBABY ON TIIE DAY OF MEETING . Feb . G , J . Tomiin , St . Michael's-allcy , Cornhill , shipbroker—Feb . 6 , 11 . E . Leo , Craven-yard , Drury-lane , stesun-maehrflo printer—Fob . 5 , W . K . Roburts , Abingdon , grocer—Feb . 4 , 0 . S .-T . WalUev , Oxford-street , artificial florist—Feb . 8 , W . Sawyer , Louisa-street , Stepney , oilman —Feb . 5 , W . L . Dore , Egham , Surrey , innkeeper—Feb . 5 , J . Wates , Old Kent-road , victualler—Feb . 4 , A . Lequeutre , Chiugford , Essex , miller—Feb . 4 , J . C . Ross , Savage-gardens , City , merchant—Fob . 4 , M . Waller , Percy-street , Tottenhani-eourt-road , patent electro plater—Feb . 11 , if . Martin , Bristol , upholsterer—Feb . G , J . Lcybourn , Bradford , Yorkshire , provision-shop-keeper—Feb . 7 , E . Glover , jun ., Leicester , _u-omnonger—Feb . 7 , E . P . Worth ,
Hcnleyin-Arden , Warwickshire , victualler—Feb . 12 , C . Uonier , sen ., West _BrQuvtvich , Staffordshire , wine-merchant—Feb . 10 , C . Carter , Saddington , Leicestershire , _mUler—Feb . i , J . Banks , Liverpool , tallow-eliandlor— Feb . 10 , W . If . Fitzhugh , Liverpool , -merchant—Feb ; G , J . Storey and J . Qibb , Liverpool , ship-chandlers—Feb . 6 , G . Alexander , Beaminster _, Dorsetshire , innkeeper—Feb . 6 , C . Rayner , Blackburn , Lancashire , grocer—Feb . 4 , J . Sharpies , Blackburn , _Lancaslm-e , _coUou-m-ihuPAelui'fcl ' —Feb . 4 , II . Smith , Manchester , yarn-agent—Feb . 4 , J . and It . Davics , 01 nswell-strect _, _linendrapcrs—Feb . 4 , J . Nicholl _, Sowcrbybridge , Yorkshire , worsted spinners—Feb . 4 , A . Thump _, son , Southampton , grocer—Feb . 4 , T . Cook , Kirby-street , _Hattoii-3-arden , silver cutler—Feb . 4 , E . Peters , Goodstone , Surrey , brewer .
PAKTNERSIIirS _DISSOLVED . T . Parkinson and P . Halliday , Liverpool , shoe binding _, manufacturers—D . W . Sales aud J . _Vwise , Kingstonupon-Iiull _, painters—J . and R . Mole , Birmingham , sword-inanufacturcrs—B . Ilawson and It . E . Henderson , Wood-street , Cheapside , City , warehousemen—W . and C . Andrews , Cardiff , Glauiorgausliirc _, wholesale _wiue-mcrcliiints—J . mid J . Barber , Cornhill , City , hatters— J , Smith , It . Tetlcy , J . Glover , and J . Farish , Tlorton , Yorkshire , worsted-spinners ; as far as regards J . Smith —A . Hunter and G . _M'Kerrow _, Milton next Gravesend , linen-drapers—W . B . Rhodes and G . Hickes , lluddersficld , Yorkshire , machine-makers—J . Smith and F . A . llattou , Chesterfield , Derbyshire , grocers—0 . Uird and J . _Thoburn , Myth , Northumberland , vonemakers—T . and
F . Style , Thames Ditton , Surrey , schoolmasters—J . Ashwell and C . Cooper , Lougton , Staffordshire , earthenwaremanufacturers—G . Laphaui , T . Brine , and F . A . Lapham , Trowbridge , Wiltshire , linen-drapsrs—E . Barker and S . Smith , Korwieh , glove-manufacturers—F . Tomes and J . Dennett , Wolatone , _Warwi- _'Hsliire _, farmers—J , B » rnett and E . Ryder , Plymouth , baiters—W . and W . Thompson , Kingston-upon-IIull , general smiths—G . Huddleston , T . Petty , C . S . Kennedy , R . Smith , II . Kennedy , and i . Park , Lindal Cote , Lancashire , miners ; as fat as regards G . lluddlestone—W . Smith , J . Smith , L . Smith , W . Smith , jun ., __ P . Smith , and G . Smith , Keighley . Yorkshire , machine-makers ; as far as regards L . Smith —J . Piper _aiid U . Wan-dull , Kingstou-upou-llull , buusepainters—J . ICirkinau aud P . Taylor , Birkenhead , veterinary-surgeons .
Market Intelligence.
MARKET INTELLIGENCE .
Loxdo.V Con.V- Exchange, Monday, Jan. 13...
_Loxdo . v Con . v- Exchange , Monday , Jan . 13 . —The _arrivals of English wheat and Scotch and Irish oats ivere very large during the past week ; of barley and oats from our own coast , the receipts were also rather liberal , and fair supplies ot beans and peas were received . From abroad several cargoes of wheat and barley and a few parcels of oats came to hand . At this morning's market thera was a small show- of wheat by land-carriage samples from thoneiglibouring counties ; only a moderate quantity of beans and peas on sale , but of barley and oats thc display was liberal . _'J'he large arrival of wheat direct to millers caused thc trade to open languidly , at the same time factors remained _ili-ni , and a fair clearance vv : is _ulti-.. % . _\ Ia 1 .. _tiiriilA nt ni « _., * ln « . + mm \ n in _l-Iinen nuiwint . mi
this day so ' imight . Thc demand for free ib : ci _; . ; n wheat was by no means brisk , but the business done was at fully previous rates . All kinds of flour were difficult of disposal , and ship samples were in some eases sold a trilic lower . Choice malting barley was inquired for , and fully as dear- as bctorc ; whilst secondary descriptions , as well as distilling and grinding sorts , moved off tardily , and barely supported previous prices . Fine malt was saleable tit quite as much money , but the intermediate suite hung heavily on hand . The large quantity ol oats pressing on ' the market , and the inferior order m which manv ofthe cargoes have eome to hand , rendered it necessarv for factors to give way about Is per qr ., making the fall in a fortnight 2 s . per qr
Loxdo.V Con.V- Exchange, Monday, Jan. 13...
Beans and peas wero in fair request and both articles quite as dear as on this day week . In bonded grain nothing of interest transpired . Tho continued arrivals of red clover seed from France have caused the demand to slacken , still there is no material alteration to notice in prices . Canary seed was cheaper to-day , other articles much as before . CUfiHENT PKIC 1 S OF GHAIX , _TEIt IMPERIAL QUARTER . — British . s » _s a Wheat , Essex , & _Ktnt , _u _» w k old r » d 42 43 White 51 54 Norfolk and Lincoln . ... do 43 46 Ditto 48 53 Northum . and Scotch white 41 4 G Fine 48 S 3
Irish red old 9 0 R _« d 41 44 White 45 48 pT Old SI ** _*• _" ¦ * 1 s 3 Brank 36 88 _fe ' _arl-v Grinding .. 27 39 Distil . U 11 Malt . Mil Halt Brown T . . . M 5 « _™« M « Ware « 4 C 3 Beano Ticks old A'new SO _JH IfaiTowS * 89 _I'i-jcou SS 42 Feas Crev .... 82 JS _Mapli SS » 5 _Wliite SS 40 OaU Lincoln-- "A Yorkshire Feed 21 23 Poland 28 23 . Scotch Angus 24 34 Potato 24 26 _Ivijh White 20 2 M 31 ack 20 22 Per 2 S 01 b . uot . si . Par 380 lb . net . s s Town-made Flour . . . 4 » 4 i Norfolk il Stockton 83 34 Esses and Kent .... 54 85 Irish ........ . » 4 So Free . Bond .
Foreign . » » 6 Wheat , _Dantsic , _Ko-iiL'sburr , & c 52 60 86 40 Marks , Mecklenburg . 48 . 54 12 M Danish .. IloUtein , and Friesland red 44 47 10 II Russian , Hard 45 4 fi Soft ... 45 47 38 SO -Italian , Red . . _« so White ... 50 58 81 34 Spanish , Hard . 46 SO Soft . . ; . 48 53 52 34 Rye , Baltic , Dried . . . . Jl 81 Undricd . . 81 32 21 24 Barley , Grinding . 27 I » Malting . . 33 34 24 80 Beans , Ticks . . SI 34 _Eirvptian . 31 S 2 26 30 Peas , White . , 'it 88 Maple , , 3 J 34 28 30 Oats , Dutch , Brew and Thick ....... 23 25 ' 19 51 Kussian feed ai 22 15 18 Danish , Friesland feed 21 23 15 17 Flour , per barrel ;¦ 23 28 20 21
GOItN AVERAGES . —General average prices of British corn for _. the week ended Jan . 11 , 1 S _45 , made up from the Kcturns of tiie Inspectors in the different cities and towns in England and Wales , per imperial quarter . Wheat .. 45 s . 10 ( 1 . I Oats .... !» _li : 7 d . I Beans .. 35 s . 9 d . Barley .. 34 s . 5 d . | liye .... 81 s . 4 d . | Pease . -30 s . Od , Lo . vdo . v _SMirnFiEiiD Cattle Market , Mosdav , Jax . 1 _JJ . — Thc arrivals of boasts fresh up to our market this morning having been , the time of year considered , rather limited , and , generally speaking , of but middling quality , wc have to report—notwithstanding the supplies ' of meat in the dead markets are good—a decided improvement in the beef trade , at an advance in the currencies obtained on Monday last , of quite 2 d . per Sib ., the primest Scots readily producing 4 s . id . p . cr 81 b . Very few eases of disease were noticed amongst either the beasts or sheep . The former , however , were deficient in weight ; but
tho latter wcro _^ on the whole , in good condition . From Lincolnshire , Leicestershire , and Northamptonshire , we received about 1000 shorthorns ; from Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex , and Cambridgeshire , 300 Scots and homebreds ,- from the Western and Midland districts , 500 llerolbrds , Dovong , runts , _Durhams , ifco . ; from other parts of England , 300 of various breeds ; and from Scotland , 180 horned and polled Scots . The number of sheep differed but little from those shown __ last week .. Ilali ' _-brals , as well as Downs , were in improved inquiry , and extreme rates were paid in every instance . All other breeds commanded a fair inquiry , at unaltered figures . Thc veal trade was firm , and thc advance in thc quotations on Friday last was supported . Prime small pigs sold readily ; other kinds slowly , at our quotations . No imports of stock have taken place _iroin abroad sinco our last , consequently wc had none on sale to-day .
By the quantities of Sib ., sinking tho offal . 8 . d . s . d , Inferior coarse beasts . . . 2 8 2 10 Second quality .... o 0 8 0 _Prime large oxen . .. 3840 Prime Scots , & e 4 2 4 4 Coarse inferior sheep . . . 2 10 3 . 2 Second quality . . . . 3 4 3 Prime coarse woollcd . 3 IS 4 0 Prime Southdown .... 4244 Large coarse calves . ... 3 G 4 2
Prime small 4 4 4 8 ijuekling calves , each . . 18 0 20 0 ' Large hogs 3 0 3 0 Keat small porkers ... 3 8 4 0 Quarter-old store pigs , each . 15 0 26 0 Hay _Mahki'ts . _Smithfield . — Coarse meadow hay , Mm to £ -1 10 s ; useful ditto , £ 4 12 s to £ 5 4 s ; fine upland ditto , £ 5 5 s to £ 5 10 s ; clover hay , £ 4 10 s to £ 0 ; oat straw , £ 1 12 s to £ 1 Ms ; wheat straw , £ 1 Ids to £ 1 IGs per load . Supply but moderate , and trade rather dull .
_WuiTisciiAi'isL . —Coarse meadow hav , £ 3 10 a to £ 4 10 s ; useful ditto , £ 4 12 s to £ 5 4 s ; fine upland ditto , £ 5 5 s to £ 5 10 s ; clover hay , £ 4 10 s to £ 6 ; oat straw , £ 1 12 s to £ 1 14 s ; wheat straw , £ 114 s to £ 1 IGs per load . Trade on the whole dull , at the above quotations . Meat Markets , Soutiiall , Jan . 15 . —For prime beasts and sheep we had a steady trade , at fully last quotations . All other kinds of _stfibk werc dull , but not cheaper . Beef , from 2 s 8 d to 4 s 4 d , - mutton , 3 a to 4 _s -id ; veal 3 s Gd to 4 s 2 d ; and pork , 3 s to _SsSdperSIbs . Supply : —Beasts , 40 ; sheep , 1 , 300 ; calves , 50 ; pigs , 56 . Romford , Jan . 15 . —There was rather an improved business transacted here to-day , at full prices . Beef , from 2 _s lOd to 4 s 4 d ; mutton , ' 2 s lOd to 4 s 4 d ; veal , 3 s 8 d to 4 s 2 d ; and pork , 2 s lOd to 3 s Gd per 81 bg . Suckling calves , ISs to 28 s ; quarter-old store pigs , 10 b to liis ; and milch cow * , with their small calf , £ 16 to £ 10 each .
Lewes , Jan . 14 . — -Beef , from 3 s to 'is 4 d ; mutton , 2 s lOd to 4 s Gd j veal , 8 * 8 d to 4 s : and pork , 3 s to 3 s Od per 81 _bs . Supply but moderate and trade firm . Coal Market . —Prices per ton at the close of tho market : —Adair ' s Main , 15 s ; Buddie ' s West Hartley , 10 s 6 d ; East Tanfield , 17 s Cd ; Morrison's Hartley , 18 s ; NeWs West Hartley , 19 s Cd ; Old Pontop , lfs Cd ; TwyzelMain , 17 s ; WestWylam , 20 s ; W . E ., Clennell , 20 s ; W . E ., Elm Park , 21 s Gd ; W . E _., Hcaton , 21 s 6 d ; W . E ., Hilda , 21 s 3 d ; W . E ., Hotspur , 21 s ; W . E ., Wharncliffe , 21 s Gd ; W . E ., Hetton , 24 s ; W . E ., Lambton , 24 s ; W . E ., Stewarts , 24 s ; W . E ., Caradoc , 23 s 6 d ; W . E ., Heseltlen , 21 s 3 d ; W . R , Adelaide , 22 s dd ; W . E ., Barrett , 21 a 9 d ; W . E ., Brown ' s Deanery , ' 21 s 3 d ; W . E ., St . Helen ' s Tees , 20 s ; W . E ., Seymour Tecs , 22 s 3 d ; W , B „ Tcnnant ' s , 21 s ; W , E „ _Graigola , 21 s ; Anthracite , 22 s ; Garnant Stone , 2 os ; Lewis Merthyr , 21 s ; West Hartley Netherton , 19 s 6 d . —Ships arrived , 18 .
" Riciimo . vd Cokv Market , Jan . 11 . — -Wc had a failsupply of grain in our market to-day . Wheat sold from os , 6 d , to 7 s . Oats 2 s . to 3 s . Cd . Barley 3 s . Od , to 4 s . Beans -is . 9 d . to os . per bushel . Manchester Corn Market , Saturday , Jan . IL—¦ During the week the demand for flour was not active , but , the stocks of this article being only moderate , factors have not evinced any anxiety to sell , and prices have undergone no change . With considerable arrivals of both oats and oatmeal , buyers . held aloof in the expectation of being able to purchase on lower terms ; but the quantities received amounting to less than _' were generally anticipated , "holders were not disposed to accept lower terms . At our market this morning thero was not much passing in wheat , but no alteration in prices can be noted . Flour was likewise in but moderate request at the quotations oi' this day se'nniglit . Although both oats and oatmeal mot a very slow sale , lactors were firm in demanding previous rates , which checked business . In beans no change was observable .
_LivBRi'Oor , Corn- Market , Monday , Jan . 13 . — During the last seven days we have had large supplies of the chief article Of the trade . The duty on foreign beans has advanced Is ., namely , to 0 s . Gd . per quarter . The supplies above noted were principally up for Tuesday's market , when a moderate quantity of Irish new wheat was sold ; the best description realized the top quotations of the previous week , but secondary qualities were disposed of at a reduction of Id . to 2 d . per _lOlbs , No change in the value of foreign , nor was there any variation in the value of flour . Thc best mealing oats werc held for 3 _» . Id ., at which there were not many buyers ; but a few parcels of good quality were taken off at 3 s . per 45 lbs . Oatmeal met a fair demand at 2 _os . to _2-5 s . 3 d . per 2101 bs . Though tho business since has _tiGon on a limited scale , holders have remained firm , and prices for each of the above articles have been quite maintained . Barley , beans , and peas are quoted without alteration .
Liverpool Cattle Market , Monday , Jan . 13 . —W e have had a small supply ofcattlc . it our market today ; any thing of first-rate quality was eagerly sought after , and sold at—beef old . to 6 d ., mutton 6 d . to G _* d . per lb . Cattle imported into Liverpool from the Gth to thc 13 th Jan . —1 G 0 cows , 27 calves , 2162 sheep , 4 lambs , 3093 pigs , 32 horses . Maltox Corn- Market , Jan . 11 . —We have only a small supply of all grain _offering to this day's market . Wheat of all descriptions in good demand at last week ' s prices . In fine barley no material alteration ; inferior sorts Is . per qr . lower . Oats same aa last week . Wheat , red , 44 s . to 49 s . ; old ditto , 50 s . to 52 s . ; ditto white , 48 s . to 52 s . ; old ditto , 52 s . to 56 s . per qr . cf 40 st . Barley 28 s . to 32 s . per qr . of 32 st . Oats , Did . so 10 jd . per stone .
Tonit Cons Market , Jan . 11 . —Wo arc rather thinly supplied with grain to-day . In wheat and barley of tine quality and condition , we note no alteration ; secondary sorts are Gd . per qr . lower , with a slow sale . Oats dull ; the same may be said of beans , but neither are cheaper . IIowde . v _Corx Market , Jax . II . —Wheat , 360 qrs ., £ 323 12 s . Gd ., £ 2 os . average price per qr . ; barley , 12 qrs ., £ 18 , £ 1 10 s . ; oats , 595 qrs ., £ 501 _Gs . 6 d ., IGs . lOd . ; beans , 15 qrs ., £ 2510 s ., £ 114 s . Leeds Corn Market , Tuesday , Jan . 14 . — We have again a large arrival oi wheat , and _.-i fair one of barley , while that of other grain docs not exceed the wants of the trade . Wheat generally is much affected by the damp variable weather ; sales consequently proceed slowly , ami last week ' s prices arc with difficulty supported . The best barleys only arc taken without change in value , and other descriptions arc very unsaleable . Oats , beans , and shelling , steady , with a fair demand .
Leeds Cloth -Trade . —Tho business at the cloth halls is still improving . The appearance of activity at the coloured cloth hall , on Tuesday , was quite cheering . At thc white cloth hall business was not quite so brisk . Thc business transacted at the warehouses is also indicative of an improving trade .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 18, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_18011845/page/7/
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