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4 .'THE^NIOJi'rHER^V^ T^Rr May.19,1849 ^
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Launceston intel Tbost, "Wumams, aki> Jones.—Our friends will be happy to learn that" letters, have arrived from
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, Van-Diemen s Land, containing - ligenc...
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Co - .'aovroponwm*
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J; Sweet acknowledges the receipt of the...
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IRISH DESTITUTION.
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"We beg to call our readers' attention t...
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. Mr. O'Connor will attend the public -m...
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THE KORTHEM STAB, SATURDAY, MA1T 19, 1849.
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TRANSPORTATION OF THE IRISH , The great ...
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COST OF CRIME. v We have often stated th...
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THE CHARTER. Mr. O'Connor has given noti...
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THE LAND. The following paragraph having...
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PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW. Narrow as was the ...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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4 .'The^Nioji'rher^V^ T^Rr May.19,1849 ^
4 . _'THE _^ _NIOJi'rHER _^ V _^ T _^ Rr May . 19 , 1849
Ad00412
HATS ! HATS ! HATS ! _. IF YOU WANT A BEALLY CHEAP AND FASHIONABLE HAT , GO TO . ECKERSLEY _' S CELEBRATED HAT MART , 25 , CROW-STREET , _OPTOSITE THE UPPER GE ORGE INN , HALIFAX OBSERVE THE LARGE GOLDEN * HAT OVER THE _"POC-B .
Ad00413
THE CBEAPEST EMTIOX EVER rnBUSHED . Price Is . 64 , A new and elegant edition , with Steel Plate ofthe Author , of _PAINE'S POLITICAL WORKS . Sow Ready , a Sew Edition of . 0 _'GOHfiOR'S WORK ON SHALL FARMS . THE IRBQVRER MA 6 A 2 JHE . Vols . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , may stiU be had , neatly "bound , price 2 s . Gd . each 3 _To . 4 , the ISumber containing Mb . _O'Coj-sob _' 3 * freatise on the _National Land Company ;" So . 10 , the one containing Mb . _O'Costsob _' _s Treatise "On the National Land and Labour Bank connection with the Land Company : "Have lateljr been reprinted , and may be bad on _applicafion , Price 6 d . each . Imperfections of the ' Labourer Magaane' may still be had at the Publishers . - In a neat Volume , _Pricels . Gd . " The Evidence taken by the Select Com-• mittee of tbe House of Commons appointed to enquire into the National Land Company . " This Volume ought to be in the hands of every Member of the Company , as it strikingly illustrates the care and economy that liave been practised in the management of lhe funds of tbe Company , and proves , beyond contradiction , the practicability of the Plan which the Company was 'established to carry out Just published , So . III . Price _Sispesce , op " THE COMMONWEALTH .-•• THE COMMONWEALTH" _wiUbe the Representative -Of the Chartists , Socialists , and Trades' Unionists , in the Monthly Press . costexts : X What is to be done with Ireland t 2 . The Weaver's Daughter . 3 . Extinction of Pauperism . 4 . Popular Cause in Europe . 5 . Social Effects of Peasant Proprietorship _, e . The Hero . J . Events of the Month . naPOHTAK _*!* _PTTBtlCATIOM-S . _^ Proceedings of the National Convention , -Which assembled at London in April , 1818 . Tldrty two very large and solid p a ges ; price ' only Three pence . The Trials of the Chartist Prisoners , Jones , _IFusseu , Williams , Yemon , & Xooney . Twenty ] four very large and full pages : price only ' Threepence . .. Sold liy J . Watson , Queen ' s Head Passage , Paternoster- _' row , London ; A . lleywood , Oldliam . street , Manchester ; ¦ * and Lore and Co ., 5 , _^ _elson-ptn-et , Glasgow . a And bj aU Booksellers in Town and Country .
Ad00416
. REGISTER . ' ItEGISTER . ' REGISTER ] Uovr Published , and ready for circulation , liy the National Election and Registration Committee , A COMPLETE HAND BOOK AND GUIDE TO REGISTRATION , compiled from the Reform Act and other Parliamentary Papers , making the subject of Registration so piain and simple , as to bring it within the capacity of all classes . P ublished hy J a me s " Watson , 3 , Queen ' s Headpassage , Paternostcr-row , London , and seld by all _pooksellers in the United Eingdom . P rice , only Three Pjesce . May also he had ofthe Secretary , James Grassbx , 86 , Regent-street , Lambeth .
Ad00419
\ CHARTIST SILK PABRICS . MESSRS . CLARK AND WARREN beg most respectfully to call the attention of the Democrats of Great Britain to the following splendid assortment of Xeok and Pocket Handkerchiefs , Black Satin Vestpieces _, Ladies' Chartist Coloured Satin and Tabby Hresspieces ; also a splendid assortment of Ladies' plain and figured Neck Ties , which have just come to hand from their manufacturer at Macclesfield , and it is their intention to forward them ( carriage free ) to aU parts of Great Britain and Ireland at the following prices : — £ s . d . ladies' Dress-pieces , fourteen vards to the dress , 3 s . _per-rani .. . ' . .. .. 2 2 0 _CenUeraeu _' s Estra Strong Black Satin Testing , perTer t .. .. .. .. .. 010 0 Ditto , _Xed-erchiefs , Bach Oporto Ducapes , Plain and Plaided .. .. .. .. 0 5 6 "Ditto , ditto , Satin Ducapes . Plaided .. 0 5 0 Ditto , ditto , Napoleon Blue Satin Brussels , Crimson Borders .. ,. 0 4 6 "Ditto , ditto , Extra Rich . Slack Satin
Ad00421
TO TAILORS . By approbation of Her Majesty Queen "Victoria and His Royal Highness Prince Albert . Sow Ready , THE _LOjSDON and PARIS SPRING and _SOiMSR . FASHIOXS for 1849 , by " Messrs . BEXJASnSRKAD aud Co ., 12 , Hart-street , Bloomsbury-square , Xondon- and hy GEORGE BERGER , HolyweU-street , Strand : a splendid PRINT , elaborately finished , and superbly coloured , the LANDSCAPE , a correct view in the Queen ' _s Botanical Gardens , London , ( by special permis-£ k > n , _"> the most magnificent place in Europe . Thisbeautiiul picnire will be accompanied with the most novel , good fitting , and fashionable Dress , Riding , Frock , and Hunting € oatP . - i : UTns , hoth double and single-breasted ; Hussar ' s Touth ' s round Jackets , plain and with skirts ; single and double-breasted Dress , Horning and Evening Waistcoats
Ad00422
_PRAMPTOS'S PILL OF HEALTH , Price Is . 1 _Jd . per box . THIS _EXCELLENT FAMILY PILL is a medicine of long-tried efficacy for correcting all _disorders « f the stomach and bowels , the common symploms of which are eostiveness , _ flatulency , spasms , loss of appetite , sick head-ache , giddiness , sense of fulness after meals , dizziness of the eyes , drowsiness , and pains in the stomach and bowels : indigestion , producing a torpid state of the liver , and a consequent inactivity of the bowels , causing a disorganisation of every function of the frame , ¦ will , by a little perseverance in this most excellent preparation , he effectually removed . Two or three doses wiR convince the afflicted of its salutary effects . The stomach vriU speedily regain its strength ; a healthy action ofthe liver , bowels , and kidneys will rapidly take place ; and instead of _Rsflessness , heat , pain , and jaundiced appearance , strength , activity , and renewed health" wilr be the quick result of taking this medicine according to tha directions accompanying each box . As a pleasant , safe , easy aperient , they unite the recoiamendanon of a mild operation with tbe most successful effect , and require no restraint of diet or confinement during their use , and for eldeet peopie they will be found to be -the most comfortable medietas hitherto prepared .
Ad00414
SEW MONTHLY . PUBLICATION . PRICE THBEEPISCI * . On th 81 st of June , -roll appear No . I . of rp HE DEMOCRATIC REVIEW X Of BRITISH and FOREIGN POLITICS , HISTORY , and LITERATURE . - Edited by G . JULIAN HARNEY . At present-no Monthly Advocate of Democratic Progress exists in this country . It is _therefore proposed to establish such an organ , at a price which _irUl place it within the reach of aU sections of the peoplo . The _njsaorau-ncRE-amv-wiU represent , contend for , and chronicle the progress of Democratic _Prim-iples at Home and Abroad . The Political and Social Emancipation ofthe Proletarians of these Islands by the enactment ofthe principles ofthe PEOPLE'S CHARTER , HOME : COLONISATION on A rREE SOIL , and the substitution of CO-OPERATION for Competition in ilanufactures and Commerce , will be strenuously advocated in this Publication . Believing that Men of aU Nations are Brethren , the Editor w _' ul advocate Justice for the Oppressed , without distinction of Country or Creed . Talented writers in France and Germany have promised te contribute articles ; and arrangements are in progress for securing the assistance of correspondents in Italy , Switzerland , America , Ac , & c . On the 1 st of Jcxe , thirty-two pages post octavo , in a Colonrut "Wrapper , PRICE THREEPENCE . Copies wUl be printed to pass through the post , without wrappers , and will be sent on the receipt of five Postage Stamps . Orders , Communications , Advertisements , and Books for Review , to be addressed to tlie Editor , or Publisher , No . 5 , "Wine Office-court , Fleet-street , London . t j-g * - Toensure deliveryas soonas published , orders should be given immediately . To be had on order of all Booksellers and News Agents in Towrn and Country . !
Ad00415
CIRCULATION—THIRTY-FIVE THOUSAND THE FAMIL'Y FRIEND , A MONTHLY PERIODICAL , USBIVALLED IN CHEAPNESS , INTEREST , AND USEFULNESS , Price Twopence , * _Thu-ry-two Pages , beautifully Printed , and stitched in a Wrapper , in neat Magazine form . As soon as the FAMILY FRIEND appeared , it was recog nised as something new in _Uterature . Its superiority to the great mass of cheap publications , became at once apparent —and hence , before the Fourth Number was issued , the circulation rose to THIRTY-FIVE THOUSAND , and is still rapidly increasing . ' Upwards of one hundred newspapers renewed the work ir . most favourable terms—all
Ad00417
COCK INN , HEAD OF THE SIDE , NEWCASTLE . MARTIN JUDE returns his sincere thanks to those Friends who so kindly supported Mm by their custom while at the Cock Inn , and begs to apprise them that he has declined the business in favour of Mr . Thomas _Gheese-i , of Byker Bar , who has most willingly accorded the same facilities to the Friends of Liberty , Beform , and Progress , that they have hitherto been allowed at that Establishment THOMAS GKEENEB , ( Late of Byker Bar ) , Having succeeded M . _Jom * in his business at the Cock Inn , Head ofthe Side , Newcastle , will be most happy to afford to aU those _fre-pienting that Establishment the same opportunities Ibr Meetings , Discussions , < fce ., they have hitherto had , aud on the same terms and conditions . T . ( r . would also return thanks to those Clubs and Societies who , being already at the Cock Inn , have consented to remain , and he trusts that by close and unremitting attention to the comforts and convenience of his guests he shall have the continuance of their favours and support T . G ., being a _iliue ' r , hopes to have the support of that useful body of men .
Ad00418
CHAKTERVILLE . PUBLIC MEETING WILL BE xL held to adopt the PETITION FOR THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER ,, On Wednesday , the 30 th of Mir . Chair to be taken precisely at Two o ' clock . Several popular leaders from London , Swindon , and Oxford will address the meeting upon the Bights of the People . Also , A PUBLIC TEA PARTY AND BALL , on the same day , to be held at the School , for the benefit of the Victims . Tea at five o'clock . Tickets for the Tea and Ball , Eightpence ,
Ad00420
TIIE POPULAR REMEDY . PARR'S LIFE PILLS . 17 "Which are acknowleged to be aU that is required to conguer Disease and Prolong Life .
Launceston Intel Tbost, "Wumams, Aki≫ Jones.—Our Friends Will Be Happy To Learn That" Letters, Have Arrived From
Launceston intel Tbost _, "Wumams , aki > Jones . —Our friends will be happy to learn that" letters , have arrived from
, Van-Diemen S Land, Containing - Ligenc...
, Van-Diemen s Land , containing - ligence of the safe arrival of Mrs . " Jones at that place , and of her happy re-union with her husband , in the land ofhis captivity . The letters are from Mr . and Sirs , Jones , and bear date January 10 th , 1849 , and contain their thanks to those frionds who aided and assisted in furnisbinp ; the means to convey . _Mra . Jones to her husband . Mr . Jones is
following his business as a watch-maker , and is in good health ; "Williams is also well ; Frost has been very nnweU . - One thousand pounds have- been subscribed at Birmingham towards the entertainment of the British Association , -General Taylor has expressed his " intention to strike , from-the American army or navy list any . officer -who shall he engaged in a duel . He refuses also _ to restore , to'his former position any officer cashiered on . _^ _e- _^ rp . _oBds . _^;> ei _^ _W ' , of ] _w ' p ' r _^ e « _vesBorft ' . " - -
Co - .'Aovroponwm*
Co - . _'aovroponwm *
J; Sweet Acknowledges The Receipt Of The...
J ; Sweet acknowledges the receipt of the folhrtving sums for the Victim Fund , ( sent herewith ) , viz ;;—Mr . Wild , 2 d . ; Mr . _Knotty 3 d . ; Mr . Smith Cd . ; A Friend , Cd . ; Mr . Kirk , Id . For , Mrs . M'Dooali .. ( sent to Liver--pdol ) _-. —From the "Colonel Hutchinson , " & s .: the " King of the French , " ls . 2 _^ 1 Mr : H . Daee _** , Wrentham . —At 144 , High Holborn . J . 11 . CaooK . —Received . .. _.-.-.. ¦ I received the following letter from . Neilston , Scotland , also a Post Office-order for the sum of £ - 2 16 s . Our friends will see the amount acknowledged in the proper place . — W . Rideb . " Neilston , Scotland , May 15 . —Sir , —Will you be kind enough to . insert the following notice in your valuable paper , so that our friends in adversity may . know who are , in reality , their friends : —Received from Lawson ' s Printers , Paisley , £ 15 s . 9 d . ; Patrick Banks , Slates , 15 s . 6 d . ; Galloway's , Paisley , 3 s . 3 d . ; Kerr's Printers , Paisley , 4 s . 3 d . ; Ercleston , Paisley , Is Gd . ; CrossmiU Printers , Barrhead , 9 s . 9 d . ; ' Soutli Artichoke Printers , Barrhead , Os . 9 d . -Friends of the Good Cause , lis . 3 d . The way this money was collected demanded
some expenses which will only be understood by the parties subscribing , although it is unnecessary to enter into the details here . For a Gun , 10 s . ; a Stuffed Bird ' and Case , 5 s . ; acopyofPaine ' s Rights of Man , Is . -Bills , 2 s . ; Room Rent , 3 s . ; the Town Crier , Is . : Yon may expect to receive another sum in the course of next week . If other parties would take up the gauntlet there might be a pretty round sum collected . —Youra , respectfully , Robebt Patrick , James Glen , Wm . _Buchanxast Gormby . —To Wm . Rider , Northern Star Office . R . P . Hartlepool . —We do not know . J , liar ,, Southampton ; and Luxe Kino , Cripplegate . — Your announcements are advertisements , and should have been paid for as such . J . Wabd , Wakefield , recommends the formation of a committee in every town iu England and Ireland , having for its object the liberation of all political prisoners ' . J . Pn-rs _, Torquay , calls upon the land members of that town to again establish their weekly meetings . T . _Okmesheb , — -The balance sheet , Ate ., shall appear in nest Saturday's-Star . W . Robertson and J . _VocntEs . '—Received .
Irish Destitution.
IRISH DESTITUTION .
"We Beg To Call Our Readers' Attention T...
"We beg to call our readers' attention to the speech of Mi' . O'Connor , on the question of Irish destitution , which appears in our . present number , a speech to which the impartial " Times" has devoted fifty-one lines . ' So much for the impartiality of the Press ; ,-- . ' : . , i ;» . '
. Mr. O'Connor Will Attend The Public -M...
. Mr . O'Connor will attend the public -meeting to be . held at Newton ' s , Phoenix . Tavern , Radcliffe-cross , on Wednesday evening next , the 23 rd inst .
The Korthem Stab, Saturday, Ma1t 19, 1849.
THE KORTHEM STAB , SATURDAY , MA 1 _T 19 , 1849 .
Transportation Of The Irish , The Great ...
TRANSPORTATION OF THE IRISH , The great Irish difficulty is at length solved . AU ' laws of Registration , Landlord and Tenant Bills , Poor Laws , Sale of Encumbered Estates , Rates in Aid , . Assimilation of Cri _minal Laws , Tithe Composition Acts , Treason and Felony Bills , Suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act , Free Trade , packing of juries , enlistment of spies , subornation . of witnesses , trickery of officials , and bias of judges , have all—one and all—failed to solve the great Irish
diffi culty ; but t he inv e nt i ve mind o f man which Ave imagined had exhausted its nostrums for the tranquillisation of Ireland and the develope ment of her national resources has , a t lengt h , hit upon the expedient of depopulating the country ; and what is most miraculous , this newl y invented system comes from the saints , whose spiritual p r id e re s i s ts th e indignity o f meeting hi committee before two o ' clock upon Ascension day , w hile they she d not a te a r and heave not a sigh atthe announcement that between 900 and 1 , 000 persons perished in one workhouse within , one week . But the most
extraordinary character in this most extraordinary melo-drama is that assumed b y o ur day-scholar of Printing House-square —• the " Times . " It is not many weeks since we published the lamentations of our pupil over the loss of the hardy and industrious Irish . "If we lose them , " said the ' Thunderer , " " who will supply their place—who -trill pave our streets—who will he our scavengers and our wharfingerswho will reap our harvest—and where shall we secure substitutes as consumers of our manufactures 1 "
Th i s hu ll _agon e over t he . departing Irish was KEENED w h e n , no doubt , the mouth-piece of Whiggery rested confidently upon the capability of Ministers to solve the great Irish difficulty ; hut all attempts having hitherto failed , mark the altered tone of our pupil , ! He now says : — In the poorest and most exhausted lands the thickest multitude of people is to be found- Before aught can be done for land or people the surplus of inhabitants must be removed . If they stay , they cumber tlie land , they do not till it ; they thrust and jostle against each other , they do not help one another . They are at the same-moment drains upon the national resources and impediments to national energy .
True , they do congregate ' upon the ban-en soil . They are like the timid hare started in the corn field , and hunted into the jungle in the hope of puzzling her pursuers—tliey are l i ke the rabbit , poached b y the ferret into tho . furthest recess of his burrow , in the h op e o f evading his tormentor—they ' are poached into th e wild w il derness , where they hope to escape the grasping hand of tyrant man , or to ; die unobserved . They are driven from the more fertile soil , upon which their labour might be profitably expended , to hide their poverty , their nakedness and destitution ; while , as the " Times " admits , their thews , their sinews , their muscles , and then * strength might : be profitably applied to the cultivation of the land of their birth .
Does this _representative of sanctity , or do the saints themselves , re ad the word of th eir God ? And if they do , have they discovered that God made man—not pampered aristocracy , who are pallid , crippled , emaciated , and pale , but the industrious employed working man" after his own image ; " commanded him to live in the " sweat ofhis brow , on the fruits ofthe earth , " which he is kindly to preserve to his own use . And are the Irish to be transported from the land of their birth , for follies and crimes committed by those who have violated every law of God . and man , in order that they may evade—for a season—that vengeance which is sure to overtake them ?
" God gave us meat but the Devil gave us cooks'' is an old sayiug , and it is equally true that God gave us land but the Devil gave us landlords . We wonder what the Lincolnshire farmer and the Manchester manufacturer would say , th e o ne if he mi s sed the h a rv e st hands that reaped his corn , and the other the hands that plied his shuttle , or worked his loom ; while we would ask the English ; consumer , whether the mind of man could suggest a greater-anomaly , or paradox , ' than that which recommends him to rel y upon the produce of other countries , while the land of his birth is uncultivated and unprofitable " ? . " ¦ ' - '
This question of population ; and the application of labour to reproductive employment , is one becoming interesting , hot onl y to the poor hut to the rich ; not alone to the landlord , t o t h e ten a nt , or t o the l a bour e r , but t o the monarch , to the official , ' to the merchant , the manufacturer , the banker , the trader , the shopkeeper , the artificer , the mechanic , and the artisan ; , and it is one "which ' the industry of this , country will , ere long , co mpel its rulers to solve . ,
If we require proof of _^' capability of the _soilof the country to support the population of the country , it is sufficiently made manifest in the fact , that whilst agricultural Lincolnshire emp loys no more than nine labourers to every hun d re d acres , those hundred acres , if proper ly c ulti v at e d , would not only , at three acres to a family , support thirty-three families in comfort and comparative affluence , hut would make
those thirty-three families , living upon the profits of free . labour , better . customers for all articles of produce'than the . nine serfs existing nppn slave labour , measured by the caprice of the . employer . . ; v ; -. Let it not be understood , however , that any farmer cultivating a hundred acres of land employs nine ¦ agricultural- labourers , _inasmucb . as Mr . Mon _^ _s average is based , not upon theamountof hands _astually employed m ajgnoulture _, but ia arrived , at tnus- :
Transportation Of The Irish , The Great ...
Su p po se' a' farmer to cultivate - a thousand acres of land , whereof f o ur hu n dred acres are ¦ 'in ' - ' cultivation ¦ ¦ and six hundred hi : g rass , Mr . Monseii- divides the thirtys ix hands thus emp loyed over the whole one thousand acres ; thus establishing the fact ; but not admitting it , that no more than three and a half hands were emp loyed to each hund red acr e s , while tho six hundred acres in grass would gi ve emp lo yment to no more than tw o or three he rdsm e n o r s hep herds .
Let us draw a fair illustration ofthe fact from one of our own much-reviled colonies . Upon Snig ' s End , where there are over eighty men l oca ted , and all sure to do well and thrive , f ormer l y no more than four or five h a nds were employed , while the surplus prod uce , after feeding the - increased number of cultivators , wi ll create a great e r a b unda nce in the consuming market . We write for sensible and thoughtful men , whose interests are not onl y extensivel y but wholly dependent upon the legitimate and
profitable cultivation of the soil , w h i le the " Times" is compelled to cater to the prejudice , the f o ll y , and insanity of factions , a nd knows n o m o r e o f the l a n d an d its capabil i ties than the crow that flies over it . However , althoug h our readers are familiar with the subject , even at the hazard of repetition , we would ask them whether the mind of man can conceive or propound , much less advocate , . a greater fallacy than the proposition to transport the labouring classes from a country whose . lan d , it is admitted , is all but waste ?
. It is not long since we quoted a most cheering passage from the lesson of . our d a ily pup il , in which he spoke most enthusiasticall y and hopefully of subdividing the Royal domains into' peasant holdings , and bedecking them with humble peasant homesteads . Upon them we -were told that the surplus population may be located ; and we . were . charmed with the admission , though certainly , not novel , that
where corn grew before corn would grow * again . " Well ,-by a parallel of reasoning , we may indul ge in the fond hope that where reason has entered before reason may enter again ; and that our pupil , when his present masters are on the bleak side of the Treasury , will discover that hia ink , his paper , and his goosequill are all produced by the land , and although the proper cultivation of the land may lead to the propagation of large flocks of geese , it w i l l also tend to diminish cormorants .
We would ask the reader , whether the mind ofthe most silly , the most imbecile or insane of his class , could suggest or invent a more startling piece of folly than the following extract from the columns of our pupil ?—« We want to clear the land ofthat which threatens to eat up the land , and to retain the farmers and small proprietors . Again , it should be remembered that , were government to assist the first one or two batches of emigrants ; they in their turn would bo able to assist others . Emigration begets emigration . The emigration of the poor fosters the emigration of other poor .
Now what does the reader think of that ? Our friend wants to clear the land , and informs us that those who have become destitute p a uper s up o n th e l a nd , if expatriated at the expense of Government—that is , at the exp e nse of the peop le , they will be able in a foreign country , not only to support themselves i n d e pendentl y , but to furnish their pauper friends at home with a sufficiency to enable them to fly the pest-house also . If we paid a magician , or even a legal efficial , to suggest
causo of accusation against a government , could either effect the purpose more comp l e tel y than our cotemporary has done ; for what is the conclusion , the only conclusion , to be drawn from these premises ? Is it not that misgovernment and mismanagement have made populat i on surp lus in a fertile land with genial climate ; while the same population , under other and better government , may not onl y live comfortably , but may uphusband from their savings a sufficiency to enable their friends and relatives to follow them ?
Again , suppose the money to be applied to the emp l oyment of l a bour at home , inste ad of to the transportation ofthe labourer ; in such case , what a different aspect would the country bear , what a different position would the landlords hold , and what a different feeling would the Irish peopl e entertain towar d s th e ir S a x on oppressors . In tho words , not of Gbattan , although they are ascribed to him , but in the words of Arthur O'Connor , printed in 1-707 , we conclude , that " Three million Irish slaves will rivet England ' s chains . "
Cost Of Crime. V We Have Often Stated Th...
COST OF CRIME . v We have often stated that " man is born with propensities which may be nourished into virtues , or thwarted into vices , according to his training ; " and we have further added , " that there is more of good than of evil in every man born into this world , if _m'eans were taken to develope his superior qualities , instead of , as under the present system , a strong inducement being held out for tlie developement of the inferior qualities , "
It is a notorious fact of long standing in England—and one with which every man is conversant—that the unwilling idler , understanding the difference between prison and workhouse fare , prefers criminality to pauperism , and commits the crime which will consign him to the prison , in preference to pauperism , which will consign him to the bastile . As the strongest proof of this assertion we have stated
that "if the infant of the Queen ; at two or three years of age , and the infant of a heartless murderer , or systematic robber , are placed un d er t h e same t u te la g e , it would be in the power of the tutor to make the royal infanta drunkard , a prostitute , a liar , and a thief ; while , by training , ho would make the child of the murderer revolt at the commission of any one of those acts . "
Is it not notorious , th e n , that when this difference is established by the Government between criminality and pauperism , that the effect of legislation is to develope the vices and su ppress t h e virtues implante d by nature in
man . Therehasnotbeenamorehorrifying developement made to this country , as regards the cost of criminality induced b y bad g o vernment , than that submitted to ' Parliament by Mr . Charles Pe a r s on , on Tuesday night . He stated to the House—and it was uncontradicted , because susceptible of- the easiest proof— " that the accommodation for every system-made thief in York Castle oost the country _£ 1 , 200 : that is , lodging for each prisoner costs that amount of money , or , at five per cent . ; £ 60 a year . And this not including . the prison diet , or
prison dress , for which many now would be too happy to exchange their domestic fare and clothing , but for the mere lodging of criminals . Now , will hot every man of sane mind , and w i th a parti c l e o f c omm o n sense , and with such a startling and irrefutable fact before his e y es , come to the inevitable and only conclusion , that vice is systematicall y pr o pagated , and at an enormous expense , in order—as Mr , Drummond trul y stated—that the capitalist may exercise his baneful influence , over the unwilling idler , who has but the alternative of the b a stile o r t h e prison , the transport or the gallows ? In his admirable speech , he sh o wed that which we have systematically contended
for , that it would he right , and proper , and j ust , t o free this h a ndcuffed labour , and a pp ly it to the cultivation of the soil appropriated to each prison and workhouse . . 'U pon one point * however , we differ from . the Honourable Gentleman—for whereas he proposes that the surplus profit , after the sustenance of the prisoner , should go into the Exchequer—we propose that it should go to the prisoner himself ; while we confess that such a proposition would , in the first instance , inevitably lead to the perpetration . of . a sufficient amount of crime , _measuredby that standard which would make prison disclplme _emploj-nie _' nt , and distribution of profit preferable to _. ahd more inviting ,, than the present slave Vstem ,, " .. ' _- ,
Cost Of Crime. V We Have Often Stated Th...
. Perhaps no speech of greater importance , or m o re abl y delivered , ' or powerfull y , sustained in all its points , was ever addressed to Parliament than that of Mr . Pearson . As was evident from its consecutive bearing , he had ma d e himself th o roug h master of the subject , and s o p o werful were the fact s he a ddu c ed , that it rendered it impossible for the Home Secretary , or any other Memher , to refute one of them . Let us now analyse some of tho s e startling facts , ' Mr . Pearson says : — It appeared that the prisons of this country cost , on thc average , JE 400 , 000 a year , irrespective ofthe cost tho Government had to defray for tho punishment of crime by means of the hulks and transportation .
Now , as is our custom , and however unpalatable to our readers reiteration and repetition may he , we are determined that , as the people are a money-governed class , to keep their minds unr e mitti n g ly and systematicall y directed to th e proper and benefi ci al , as compare d with the improper and injurious , application of that money . In the above speech , Mr . Pearson shows that the annual expenditure upon prisons is £ 400 , 000 , a nd this i r resp ec ti v e ofthe salaries of Governors , Turnkeys , Offici a ls , and the one thousand and one incidentals ; and the _rule-of-three-mind of this moneymongering nation will have no difficulty in
arriving at the conclusion , that at four per cent ., £ 400 , 000 would pay the interest of ten millions of money , and those ten millions would locate nearl y ei ghty-four thousand per s ons upon four acres of land , costing £ 30 an acre , or would put to profitable employment , at five to a f a mil y , four hundred and twenty thousand , and that number would give profitable employment to as many more ; or , in other words , the amount expended upon this rogue-creating system , would at once provide for nearly
onethirteenth ofthe whole ofthe population of this kingdom , by locating th e m , not up o n two acre s of rock , bog , or moor , but upon four acresof the best land to be purchased . This is a startling fact , and one to which neither the ruled nor the ruler , tbe landlord , the tenant , or the labourer , the capitalist or the slave , can -much longer shut then . ' eyes or close their ears . Let us now call the attention of the reader to the present state of crime in this reformed age . Mr . Pearson says : —
The number of commitments and recommitments in England and Wales for the trial of criminal charges had increased within the last forty years upwards of four hundred percent ., * _-- _hUst the increase of population was only sixty-five per cent ; We now beg to call attention to the following startling announcement , made by the hon . gentleman , and which comment of ours would but tend to weaken , He says : — lie should show that this increase was also partly owing to the great increase of comfort in gaols , and to the fact
that the prisoners were better fed , better clothed ; better lodged , and better taught than the class to which they be . longed . The prisoners were taught a taste for luxurious _indolence , which it was impossible for them to _gratify when they were turned out of prison , and they left it with less capability of earning their living by honest industry than when they entered it . Thus , while they inflicted an enor mous injury upon the ratepayer , they also committed an injustice upon the honest poor , by teaching them that crime was attended hy comforts such as they could not themselves procure . Again , he states as follows :
In Millbank , 1-entonville , and some few other prisons , we made the industry of the prisoners produce something , but then it-was by educating them to flood the labour market ; we made thieves shoemakers , which tended to drive other shoemakers to be thieves . Move than half the prisoners sent to Millbank were mere labourers—unskilled labourers—worth ( say ) 2 s . _a-day ; if we made them able to displace honest tailors and shoemakers , earning 3 s , a-day _, we gave a premium to crime . Now , while we contend that no stronger proof could be adduced of the inducement that
the present system holds out to crime , and although the unemployed shoemaker , or the badly-paid shoemaker may be seduced to the commisssion of crime , in the hope of bettering his condition , we also contend , that if his condition was measured by tho standard of justice and equitable remuneration for his labour , that is , if his free labour was increased b y th e greater ability of a greater number to wear shoes , the prison would then offer no fascinat io n o r in d u ce ment to him , to commit crime .
We now come to the kernel of the hon . gentleman ' s p lum . He says :- — With regard to the application of prison labour , he ( Mr . Pearson ) would apply it to land . lie had had the opportunity afforded him of obtaining the opinions of above a hundred eminent farmers and agriculturists with regard to the power of 1 , 000 prisoners employed upon 1 , 000 acres of land to make it maintain them ; and the answers were most satisfactory . In . selecting land , he had taken into consideration that labour upon land was most easily learnt , and , being the healthiest , did not require an expensive diet to maintain health . , What now will the HAYTEE say ? What will tba Poor Law RAVEN say ? And what will'the located members on the Land
Companys estates now say to the farmers who tell them that three , four , or five acres will not support a man ? Not cultivated by prison or slave labour , but cultivated by free labour . And wh a t will the " Whistler" and our Free Trade p hil a nthrop ists say , when they learn that agricultural labour is the most healthy and the most easily learned . If Mr . Pearson h a d b e en emp loyed to argue the capability of the L a n d be f o re t h e Co m m i tt e e that s a t in jud gm e nt up o n it , w e think hi s ev ide n c e would have heen irrefutable , conclusive , and irresistible ; but ho was arguing the whole question which might be the means of reducing the annual expenditure of the country , Avliile we have propounded our system as a means of securing the independence of the people .
We c omm e n ce d with a m a xim , we shall tonelude with a moral ; , we have said more than once—" Show us a saint , and we will show you a , sinner £ 1 -and could we , we ask , furnish stronger proof ofthe assertion , than is supplied in the following passage ?—At Heading nine-tenths ofthe prisoners were confined for a limited time—one of the chaplains said too short to make it possible for them to effect any improvement— and tlie consequence , as hc observed , was that a man so
imprisoned was set at large " more vile than before . " ( Hear , hear . ) Three prisoners had been pardoned on account of their piety and good conduct . They had written all sorts of religious themes , and their knowledge of Scripture was such that they were like walking concordances . They were accordingly discharged . These were the only three names wliich had ever been shown forth in the return of the Reading Gaol as converts of the system tliere pursued . Two of these had since been transported , and the third had fled under a charge of felonv .
" John , 1 i _4 vg you sanded the sugar ?"" Yes , Sir . " " Have you damped the tobacco ?"— ' Yes , Sir . " * ' Have you watered the gin ?"— « Yes , Sir . " " Then now , lad , fetch th y prayer-book , and come to church . "
The Charter. Mr. O'Connor Has Given Noti...
THE CHARTER . Mr . O'Connor has given notice of the following motion to be submitted to the House on the 5 th of June , and it is our earnest request that petitions , between this and that day , should be poured in from all parts ofthe country , in order to convince the House that neither specials , -muskets , artillery , Gagging Bills , nor Coerci o n , have subdued the Chartist sp iri t , nor in anywise compelled the people to
relax in their glorious struggle for the achievement of their just and inalienable rights , and from the possession of which alone they can relieve themselves from their present state of servile degradation and dependence , A man may do a man ' s share of work , but he cannot , without the . assistance of the . people ; accomp lish any m eas ure whi c h h as fo r its o bje c t the , release of the weak and' unprotected from the trammels ofthe strong and privileged .
_m _ENGLAND .. NOW EXPECTS THAT EYERY MAN _^ WILL DO HIS DUTY . WHAT IS TO BE _S ? _fHE p EO ? LEf EOPLE ' MUST BE _DWE The following is the motion : — ... " To move , that this House , recognising the great principle that labour is tho source ofall wealth—that the peop eare the only legitimate source of powerthat the abourer should be the first partaker of the fruits of his
own _induBtry-that taxation without ret presentation is tyranny , and should be resisted , and believing that the resources of the country would _Sose who _iS h ° ll C T * _Action with in tZZlSL by _fr - _^ _tr-al Pursuits ; that HonSS _^ _^ . _^ f _^ ye - _gwat truths )' : this 23 ' ' the _Premies _embodied iu the ' _docuemiai _Electoral Districts ,-no Property Qualification , and Payment of Members . ' . ' T"' _^ T _^
The Land. The Following Paragraph Having...
THE LAND . The following paragraph having appeared in the papers , the ignorant scribblers bavin- / transferred the scene of misery from _Broing , grove , up o n wh i ch tenants are not yet lo c ated t o the R e dmarley Estate , we cheerfull y puo , lish it , and it will , no doubt , excite _lauc-htcr . and merriment amongst those occupants ' / one of whom has recentl y g iven the former occu . _^
p a nt nearl y two hundred pounds forhis location .. It is enough to make a Quaker kick his mother , to hear those ragged rascals , with goose quills in their hands , cigars in th e ir mouths , s ti n king o f gin , and no brains in their skulls , daring to write u p on th e qu e sti o n of tho Land . Have any of those hired ragamuffin slaves written a line in condemnation of the _COBDEN-SCIIOLEFIELD bog , moor , an d rock y
FREEDOM FOR THE MILLIONS ? No , not a line , the ruffians , as they are paid for , and live upon , lies . These ignorant buff oon s all believe , as we have often stated , that th e i r ve g e t a bl e s grow un d er the gre e ng r oce r ' s stall , and their meat under the butcher's block but we do not despair of making even _theni comprehend the value of the l a nd , "AS IT IS NOW ASCERTAINED FIt 05 _£ " PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE THAT A MAX « CAN SUPPORT HIMSELF , WIFE , AND FA"MILY , UPON TWO ACRES OF MOOR-LAND "AT THIRTY SHILLINGS PER ACRE RENT , ' "AT THE OCCUPATION OF STONE GRIND" INC . "
We thought these cheap-bread gentlemen w o uld r ea lise the o ld proverb— " "When the people asked for bread , they gave them a stone . ' ' The _followiag extract is taken from the " C o ventry He r a l d a n d Observer " of the 14 th o f May . We know something about the manager of that paper , but shall content ourselves for the pr ese nt with ass uring him , -that the worst character upon the Company's _restate would not be seen marching through Coventry with such a fellow . Here follows the extract : —
Mb . _Feakgim O'Connor ' s Land Schehe at Redmarley , lias completely exploded . Six families have left , anil the remainder are said to be in a state approaching- to destitution .
Parliamentary Review. Narrow As Was The ...
PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW . Narrow as was the escape of the Ministry from a defeat on the Navigation Laws Bill ia the House of Peers , their escape on tho Itate in Aid Bill was still narrower . In the first case , ten proxies defeated a present majority of fourt ** en peers ; in the second , proxies not having heen had recourse to , the ministerial measure passed by a " glorious majority" of One ! according to some of the morning papers;—of Two , according to others . Of course , a measure that thus closely escaped
being thrown out , will have but small moral we i g ht with those who are opposed to it . The peop le of Ulster will not find their objections to it diminished by the prestige arising fro m a large majority , wliich , thoug h not a satisfactory , is , at all events , a powerful support to any parliamentary enactment . The only chance of the obnoxious rate being collected that we can see , lies in the cunningly-contrived machinery by which it is to be included in the ordinary rate , and collected at the same time .
Had it been levied separately—and specially collected as a Rate in Aid , we very much doubt whether its opponents in Ulster would have paid one farthing . Even as it is , thc opposition and resistance threatens to be a severe one . Tho question of the Poor Law ia Ireland , and its better adaptation to the state of societ y in that country has occupied some time this week . Lord John ' s amen d e d Law undoubtedly remedies some obvious defects in the Act , though we confess the main provision in the new Bill—thefixin < r of a maximum
rate—does seem to us rather a strange one . The first three clauses relate to the establishment of such a rate in each locality—five shilling s in th e p o un d of the annu a l value in the electoral division , and , after that , two shillings in the pound in the union at large—in . all , seven shillings in tho pound . Beyond this , no farther taxation , for the relief ofthe poor , can be levied in future . It is contended that this enactment is absolutely necessary to i n d uc e pers on s to b e c o me tenants of farms , who w ou ld otherwis e b e deterre d by the f ear o f limitless taxation , and the apprehension that pauperism may eat up the whole of their capital . The argument may be just cnongh in that view ofthe matter , but viewed iu
relation to the abstract principle of the Poor Law —namely , that the property of Ireland must support the poverty of Ireland—it is evidently inconsistent . If the seven shillings in the pound is insufficient to relieve thc destitution of the people , they must either perish help lessl y or the relief must come out of the Imperial revenues . In the latter caso , a gross injustice will be committed on the toiling people of this island , who will he taxed to support the paupers made by Irish landlordism and past misg o vernment , to the saving of the pockets of thoso who have possession of the soil of Ireland , and who ought either to make it support the people , or resign it into the hands of those who Avould cause it to do so .
Ireland has constituted , aud appears likely to continue , the main question of this , as it has done of many previous sessions . Its difficulties , disasters , d est i tut i on , and disease and deaths , meet us at every turn . The Government have a host of measures relating to Land and Drainage , sale of Encumbered Estates , and other top ics before ' Parliament , each of which gives rise to what are called " Irish Debates ; " and private Members—not content with these opportunities of talking upon the subject—bring forward motions , thc only object of which seem to be to increase the
quantity of " talk . " If " talk '' could have done it , Ireland should now be in a most prosperous condition . Among the "talks" this week tliere was one on Tuesday about Emigration . Mr . MoNSELh is not satisfied with the already rapid depopulation of Ireland by the combined agencies of death b y starvation , and the voluntary expatriation of all who have the means ol flying from the country . He , therefore , proposed a resolution calling upon the Government to aid in the transportation of a still larger number ; to which Sir Geob & e Cfi _^> on the part of the Ministry , gave his
consent , as a means — according to his own statement—of " removing the local congestion of population which exists in somo parts of Ireland . " It is not often we find ourselves agreeing with . Mr . JoiiM O'Connell , nor are we penetrated by any deep reverence for his senatorial qualification ? , hut for once in our lives we cordially concuE with the amendment he moved to Mr . MoK _* sell ' s proposition . If the object be really to clear L'eland entirely of its present inhabitants , itwouldhehettertoavowthemtentionmaiitul )'? and make preparations on a scale
commensurate with the magnitude of the object . The " Times " pretty broadl y hints at suchaconsuni - matiou , b y suggesting how many Irish _fanu lie 3 could have been transported to Canada by tj * ten millions alread y spent on Ireland , if * money had been devoted to carrying away _*< - Ivish wholesale at £ 6 a head . In that _wf > we are told that " more than a million an ? J half of Irish p a upers , who are now frig hten " _--the island out of its propriety , mig ht have _beca locate in
d as British Colonists . " But T name of common sense let us ask , why on I" ? lion and a half of unemployed—and , t here » ' pauperised- —labourers should be carried _V * J from Ireland at a cost of ten millions _^ | j to "the' vast forests yet unhewn— _*® _^ prairies as yet untrodden by the foot of ma- the fields which yearn for the p l o ug h , the _sp « j _» J and the axe , ? ' in the British colonies— _^ the same labour and the same money couw more profitably and more speedily « mF ° L , ! upon tne uncultivated lands of iMand _W
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 19, 1849, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_19051849/page/4/
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