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E S ™=»« •«•!•¦- Manchester ... ... ,» N...
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CEi.SBH.USl* THKOt'G'.OtH TflB »U>BE
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I-AU^EKISH ASU • lllMi'. IfETTEK II. THB...
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THB JOAN-STREET INSTITUTION. to tue iD-r...
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THE MOVEMENT. TO THE EWTOB OF THE HOBTHE...
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THE «CORRECTOR' CORRECTED. TO TUE EDITOS...
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Liverpool. Ashton, j l'reston. Hot'lid; ...
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' Wo shall return to this subject when w...
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TO THE EDITOB OP TBE HOfiTHEBS STAB, Sia...
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TO THE EXECUTIVE OF THE NATIONAL
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The Seventt Seventh Birthday of Robbkt O...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
E S ™=»« •«•!•¦- Manchester ... ... ,» N...
THE NORTHERN STA 1 _E . . _^__ _=== _IZUV-s _^ _S _. 1
Cei.Sbh.Usl* Thkot'g'.Oth Tflb »U≫Be
CEi . SBH . USl * THKOt'G _' . OtH TflB » U > BE
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HOLLOW AT _* S OINTMENT . „ _rDT nv FI sTULOUs " sORES AND PLEURISY . _CTJSE O _? J * from Ur _Hsbert Calvtm . Chemist , ExtraCt _£ _« k ! S "ate * , September 3 rd , 1817 . T Frof ' v ? t JSS" - VadonJ _Schoolmaster of this Sl " d ' _eTires me t » _Mnd 50 Uthe _reticulars of Itis , en tf'J _b-enbadfortareeyeiTS and a half , 8 _sO «» . _*^ la t he rr « _i « st _benefit _bj the uee of your pills « nd . I „<• He U of «• scrofulous constitution ; a _plear-. _sj 2 " ! fwt » Urge « n _«« ion of matter in the _ehectud this _evcntoallv formed _* p _^ s _^ _e through the wales ; ot the JS '' : „ _a _eJded « n tbree fistulous _sorea _whish _dts-Sfr- _' _ed large quantities of I ** , when be wa * _indnceato _Srr _' ottrpffl * ani ointment , at tou daw he w _« * h > £ - renUv in a dyi _.-ieconditioa ; Che _ftomacb rq « _-ted _« r « _5- thine it _U-o _" _- " - tour pills and ointment had tha effect-or _* o cnpleteiy curing both thecongh and stomach _sffertwas , _WcTtrenetb _andHeth are also restored , his epf Kite fe-en , arid < J _" g « tion good . There « every prospect that a Irttle f ar ther contiauaBce ofyoarmeaiclr . es will finish the -cure * _(? iened ) Robk _» t _CitrEtc . The _UorcwBLtTE _NewfORfi'r . published at _Mei-ret , has , on the 15 th _October , _IS 17 _, copied tn article from the EsslKt Reoo & Dee , of which the _following is an . Es . The Prince of Haharagah Bisionath Sing , who « _- « _s-tem . _^^ _IvregidineatCluttJCOte . _WxSSUtidenljta ' _se-Tl'iU wrth KSlie Colli aad durine his illness His Kigbru _* _, _oSsked for Ho _' : low _* _j _* Fills and Ointment , » . l . e had heard much of theit virtues , but none could be " _^ f _»^ d £ _Tt ' . e nekhboarhood , and Professor Holloway , so _d-mbt _, _Unfortunately Jose * 2 certificate which would _hfi _^ e _^ rcaed _gnti _difntfed hi * _list-of cures . * The _native Princes are now using Holloway _scslehrated Pills and Ointment iu preference to every other med _*«*!« . _< h » y b eing so wonderfully _eScaciousin the cure of diseases in India . CURE Oc * A BAD LEG OK THIRTY TEARS ' v STAKDIXG . < T _Geor-e _Soarne , Butcher , of Stockton _spon-Tees , & o herebv _' certify , that u . y wife had'a bad _li-rfor thirtj ? ears ivy the bursting of a T < -in , her _{ . uffcrin _^ s-w ere _in-Lnse she had been cuder the eare of most ofthe eminent medical men in the neighbourhood , but to _tiojurpose . and was _afterward ? perfect'y cured in eight weeks by llollo-• _jraj _- s Pills a . a . 3 Omtmeut .- ( _Si ; ned ) _Geokk Bomst . — _JuneTth _. _lSj - . * _CDR _** OF ' ULCERS WHERE THERE EIISTED DISEASED BOSE . Extract of a Lett * . -f _ro-. n Mr James V . ' etmore ., Hampton , Sew _Brunswic ' _., dated Feuraary 10 th , 1 _SI 7 _. To _Mesirs FETES * and _TiiLEr , GebTLEMEK , — I fee' ' * ¦ _^ bat due * ° Professor Holloway fo inform -, _ou , as his Agent for this Province , <> f a _rc-BrerLable cure performed on my son . He hod been affiicted with Ulcers r . n bis limbs and bedy fox tbree years , from which small pieces of bone had been removed . I tried eereral medical men in St John ' s , but all to ne purpose I was then induced to try _HoilOWaj ' S Piiis and Ointment , which made a complete cure . Several months fcave since elapsed , but there is aot the su ' t ; bte > _-t appear ) 85 Ce of the cure not being the most complete . —< _Sigaed Axis Wetkoke . CUSE OF THE FIXES . Extract ofa Letter _Croai Joseph Uedcalf , _Beverlej , dated June 17 th , 1 S 17 . To _Prefesfor Holloway . _Siit ,-For _s-.-meyears Ihad Hboured dreadfully with Weeding pUe =, by divine _blessing , together with the use efjoarpillsand _' oiatment , I h * ve . been perfectly cured , and r . _tTWwas there a greater sufferer with piles than _Sjseif . ( Signed ) Joseph UEDCiLr . THB _TESTIilOKY OF A PHYSICIAN IK THE CURE OF SKIS _DISEASES . Copy cf a _letter _fr-ora tt " . E . Powell , U . D ., IS , _BlessiDgtonitrtei , Dnblin , _duted February gth , 1 S * 7 . To Professor Hollowat , Deae Sie , —Having droted my attention for some je » rs to _cutaneous or 3 lcin diseases , I think it but ri :, 'ht to inform yoa that I have in virions cases recommendei _thetiseofyourirtUsand ointment , and invariably found thsm to bare the most perfect effect in removing those sis eases . ( _Signed ) W . E . Powell , MD : The pills should be used conjointly with tfee ointment _SlO't of the following cases : — Bad Logs _Caoeers Scalds Bad Breasts Contracted amd Sore Kipples 32 ums Stiff joints Sore throats Bunions Elephantiasis Skin diseases Bite ' _of _"Joschetos Fistulas Scurvy and Sand-flies Gout Soreheads Coco-Bay GKndular Swel- Tumours Chiec _o-. oot Hn-s Dicers Chilblains ' Lumbago _Wouads Chapp ed hands FUes Taws _Ojrns ( Soft ) Rheumatism Sold by the _proprietor , Ut , Strand , ( _nsar Temple Bar , ) _£ ondou , and by all respectable vendors of patent medicines _throughout th-- civilisea world , in pots and boxes , Is ljd , 2 b Sd , 4 s fid , 1 is . 21 s , and S 3 s each . There is a very considerable savins in _taking the larger _sizss .
Ad00216
p £ " _^*> . * ' _^ i _£ _i 45 £ _Si _£ 3 ' _Pg The extensive practice of r _® _¥ ' * I h *""? S 31 V H Messrs K . and L . PEKRY and §& lL _' _' _—^ .. _?^ . _"' * _-- _^ j ! _*§ == S C ° - tae continued demand for _Seh-wors _' _entitledi ' the 'SILENT FUIEND _. ' _ione han-< _ire _4 and tweDtv-five thousand copies of which have been to \ i \ and the extensive Bale and , high repute of their Medicines b _ave induced some unprincipled per' ons to asmme the name of PERRY and closely imitate the title of the Work and names of tbe Medicines . The public i » berebv _ciut-. oned that _suci persons are not in anyway connected with the firm of R . and L . PERRY and Co ., of Zondon , who do not visit the Provinces , aad are onlv to te Consulted periOTl * lly , or by letter , at their Establishment , 19 . Bernere-rtreet _, Oxford-street , London . TWESTT-F 1 FTH _EUYTlOX . I 2 astrated by Twenty-six Anatomical Engravings on Steel . On Physical Disqualifications , Generative _Incapacity , and _Tmpcdimtnts to _Carriage . 15-K- and imprond edition , _enlarped to 190 pages , price 2 s . ei .. - , by past , direet from _theEstabliEUment , 3 s . 6 d . jn postage _stamns . THE SILENT FRIEND ; medical work on the exhaustion an _3 physical decay of the system , prodaccd by excessive indulgence , the consequences of infection , or the abuse of mercury , with _observatiins oa the married state and the disqualifications ¦ which prevent it ; illustrated by twentv . six coloured _engraving , and by tiie detail cf cases . By E . and L _, PERRY and Co ., 15 , Berners-street , Oxford-street , London . Published by theanthors , and sold by Strange . 21 , Paternoster-row ; Hanney 63 , and Sanger , 150 , Oxford-Street ; Starie , 23 , _Tichborcestreit , Haymarket ; and < _jordon , 145 , _Lsiidenliall-strect , London ; J . and R , * _Raime « , and Co ., Leithwalk , Edinburgh ; D . Campbell , Argyll-street , Glasgow ; J . Priestly , Lord-street , and T . Ifewton , Church-street , Liverpool ; R . H . Ingram , _Jfarket-place , Manchester . Part tke First 5 s dedicated to the consideration , of the Anatomy and Physiology of tbe organs which are directly or indirectly « _ngsged in the process of reproduction . It is illustrated * bj six coloured engravings . Part the Second Treats of the infirmities and decay of the system , produced by over _indulgence efthe _passionf and by rfeepractice of solittry gratification . It shows clearly the manner in which the baneful consequences of this indulgence operate on the economy in the impairment and destruction ofthe social and vital _powers . The existence of _Serrens and sexual dehility and incapacity , with their accompanyine train of symptoms and disorders , are traced fcy the chain of connecting results to their cause . This selection concludes with aa explicit detail of the means by whirh these _erects may be remedied , and full and _eiaple directions foi their use . It is illustrated by three coloured engravings , which folly display the effects of physical dtcay . Part the Third Contains an accurate description of the diseases _caused "by infection , and by the abase of mercury ; primary and secondary symptoms , eruptions of tbe skin , sore throat , inflammation of the eyes , disease of the bones , _gonorshesa , gleet , stricure , < fcc , are shown to depend on this cause . Their treatment is fully described in tbis section . Th * effects of negUct , « _Uherin the _recognition ot" disease or in the treatment , are shown to be tbe prevalence of tbe Tims in _Kie system , which sooner or later will show itself in _one-of the forms _already mentioned , and entail disease fn its uiost _frightful shape , not only on the individual _JUJBSelf , but also on the _triTsprin _^ . Advice ( or the treatsneut ef all these diseases and th _« r _comequeaces is tendered in this Bsctioa , which , if duly followed up , cannot iail in effecting a cure . This part is illustrated by seventeen eolonred _engravings . Part the iFoBrta Treats of the Prevention of Disease by a sample application , by which the danger oi infection . is obviated . Its Stction is simple , but sure . It acts with the rtnts chemically _, aad destroys its power on the system . This important part of the v _. _' ork should be read by every Young ¦ Han entering into life . Part tbe Fifth Is _devotsdio the consideration of the Duties and Obligations of tWe Married state , aud of the causes which lead to the happiness or misery of those who have entered into fee bonds of matrimony . Disquietudes and jars between _Hiarried _ecujiles are traced to depend , ia the majcritv ol Instances , oa causes resulting feom physical imperfections andjerrors , aad the meane for their removal are Shown tobe-adthin reach , aad effectual The operation Of certain _distjuaiiScstionE is fully _essaained , and infi . li . eitous aad unproductive unions shown to be the _ncces-Etrj cor . _setjnesce . The causes aad r * medies for this State form _=. a important consideration is this sectica of 43 ae work . THE _cajtDIAL BALM OP SYSIACUH expressly _emplejcil ts renovate the _impaired _powereof £ _fe , when _exhaastea by the _inSeenca exerted by solitary Indulgence on the ef st « a . Its action ic _nureiy balsamic ' . its power in reiavi _^ _ratiag the frame ia _' al ! cases of serous ani sexual debility , _obstiuata _gfeats , mpotency , _feaireaness , and de _& liljes _arkisigfrera ViSSeMftl excesses , bas been demonstrated by its unvarying success in Aon ' _ssads cf cases To tkose persons who are preveated en . _tring the _stam ' ei state by tke consequences « f early rrors , it is . nvaluable . Price lie . psr bottle , or feur _quantities in one for 3 * s . THS _COSCENTBATED DBTERSITE ESSENCE to . _anU-syphilitic remedy , for purifying t _& e system from Tenereal contamination , and is recommended for any of file variedfinns of _scconL ' _arj-symptems _. suehaseruptious ea the skin , blotches ea tho Lead and face , enlargement of the throat , tonsils , and uvula ; threatened destruction ef the nose , palate , « fcc . Its actios is purelv detersive , and its beneficial influence on the system is undeniable ! Price Hi . and SSs . per bottle . The K . cases of Syriacuta or _Csaeeatrated Detersive Essence can only be had at 19 , _Berners-sireet , Oxford-Street , London ; whereby tiere is a saving of ll . 12 >> ., and the patient is entitled to _deceive advice withoot a fee , Which _advantage is _avphoahle only to those who _remitsi ! for a _packet . _PEERT'S PtTislFT'IifG SPECIFIC PILLS Constitute an effectual remedy in all cases of _gonorrheia , gleet , _itricture , aad diseases of the urinary organs . Price Is . 2 d .,-is . Sd ., and lie , per box . Consultation fee , if by letter , lJ . —Patients are _requested to bs as _inifiUtfl as possible in the description of their cases . Attendance daily , at 19 , Berners-street , Oxford-street , _Jjosdon , frem eleven to two , and from five to eigkt ; en Sundays tram eleven to one . Beld _bj-sntton and Co ., 10 , Sow Church Yard ; Tr * . Ed-* rT « tls , e 7 , St . Paul ' s Church Yard ; Barclay ami Sens , _Farringgoa-sttvet ; Batier and Harding , 4 , Cheapside ; B . Johnson , 68 , Cornhill ; L . Hill , New Cross ; W . B . denes , Kingston ; W . J . Tanner , Eghara ; S . Smith , Windsor ; J B . ShiUcocV _, Bromley ; T . Riches , London . « _W _" t , Greenwich ; Thos . Partes , Woolwiei ; Ede and to ., _Uorkin-j ; ani John Thurley , _HIgh-strset , _EoaJord Cf whoa msy ne hag ths ' _SILg . _N-T FRIEND .
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ON THE CONCEALED CAUSE TII AT PREYS ON _Tiir . HEALTH AND SEOIiTEXS THE DURATION OF HE MAS LIFE . iLLlKlTHiTKD WrTB _KUMKHOCS _COLOUM _**) _BtWTiNas . Jest Published , in a Sealed E nvelope , price 2 b . 6 d ., or free by post , 3 s . 6 i . C _ONTROPL OF THE PASSIONS ; a Popular Essay on the Duties and Obligations of Married Life , the anbappiness resulting from physical impediments and detects , with directions for their treatment ; the abuse of tae pawons , the _p-einature decline of _healthi and mental and bodily vigour ; _iudaigcBflein solitary _anddelurive habits , preeooiouR exertions or infectioa , inducing « lon _? train ef disorders affecting the principal organs of the bedy , causing _cc-BSamptioBS , mental aud n « rrous tiehitity and indig _^ _tioa , with remarks on gonorrhea , _Eleet , rtrictare , and syphilis . Illustrated with Coloured _Engravings und CljSBJ . CONTENTS OP THE WORK . Chap , 1 . —The influence ofthe excessive indulgence of the _pawions in inducing bodily disease and mental de . _crepitude . Illustrated with Coloured Engravings . Chap . 2 . — Enervating and destructive effects of the vice of _selt-InduUjenee , _indcinf a long train of diseases , indiges . tion , hysteria , insanity , moping melancholy , _conuump-Jion stricture , impotence and sterility , with observations on ths purposes and _obligatieas of marriage , and the un . happy conseqaences of unfruitful unione . Chap . 3 . — Seminal _weakness and generative debility : the nature of impotence and sterility , and the imperfections in the _performance of Uie principal vital function C 0 HSequeHt » n mal-practioes , the _treattaJHt of the diseases _» f the iiind and body which _rssult from these causes . Chap . 4 . — GouorrlKEa , its symptoms , complications and treatcent , gleet , stricture , and inflammation of the proettae Chap . 5 . —Syphilis , its complications and treatment Cases , Conc ' _uiitig _Obsercations , Plates , ic . By CHARLES LUCAS and Co ., Censulting Surgeon * , 60 , Newman-street , _Oxford-street _^ _London . _Hersber ofthe Loudon College of Medicine , ie ., « fcc . 5 » ld by Brittain , 54 , Paternoster-raw : Hannay and Co ., « 3 , Oxford-street ; Cordon , 146 , Leadeuhall . street ; ilansell , _il « . Fleet-street ; Saager , 150 , Oxford-Street , _Uoaooa - , Winnell , 78 , High-sire t , Birmingham ; Whit-Bier _» , 119 , Market-street , Manchester ; Howell , 51 , Ci-lrth-strect , Liverpool ; Robinson , 11 , _Greenside-| street , Edinburgh ; Powell , 18 , _Westmoreland-street , I Dabliu , and all booksellers . Tfee t _. sk of preparing and _predefine the _rrerk entitled _'Cantrsul ofthe Passi » ns , ' by Messrs Lucas , though apparently _nutoae of magnitude , demands a most intimate acquaintance with the mysteries ofa prof « _ssion ofthe _highestcharac-ter . To say that the author has produced a voituae t * ftre _-z _cannot be otherwise _considered than as a treasure , and a blessing to the community , ) S not Saying too much ; and being written by a inly qualified medical I practitioner , its pages gire evidence _« f the results of milch i personal investigation , and great res «* . rck : es in the study I of medicina . In a word , tfce work > as merits which deve-[ lope no superficial attainments , and ws _eerdially and most earnestly recommends it for general perusal . —WeeHy _-t _& _eMit . _! . Th « press _teecis with volumes upen the seience of medi cine aad the _prufessors afthe art oarative abound ; but it is rarely even in these days , when 'intellect ie en tae march , " that we find a really useful rr edical work . It was with no small gratification that we have perused tie unpretending , but _reallr truly valuable little volume , entitled , 'Controul * f the Passions , ' by Messrs Lucas . The awful _consef jenees of depraved habits , early acquired _, are setfo _.-thin language v * » at must _coace home with harrowing force to the parent atd the victim . We regard this publication as one of a class that is most productive of benefit to humanity . The subjects , h-ghlyimportant and delicate , are treated in a style which at enee exhibits the possession of great scientific knowledge , combined with the fidelity of truth . _Thoaathor of this work i _« a legally qualified medical mas , and we most cordially recommend it . —Conservative Journal . Persons desirous of _obtaining the abovo work , and net _ff'S & _ins to apply to a bookseller ft » r them , may , to ensure secrecy _, nave it direct from the authors , by enclosing 3 s . 6 d , or postage stamps to that amount . At beine from ten till two , aad from ive till eight ; im . mediate replies sent to ail letters , it containing Uie fee ef £ 1 . for advice , < fcc . ; 60 , Newman . _street Oxford-street , London .
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I-Au^Ekish Asu • Lllmi'. Ifettek Ii. Thb...
_I-AU _^ _EKISH ASU _lllMi ' . IfETTEK II . THB REMEDY . TO THE IDITOK Of THE BoBDEU . ADVERTISES . East Linton , April 15 , 1848 . _Deas . Sis . —I preee > d to give you , aB shortly as _pos - sible , da outline of ihe plan for the _suppression of pauperism and _mendicity , promised ia my last . I may define it as— * The _appllcRtion of crown and waste lands , by means ofa rate _tqoitably levied on those liable to the present poor-rate , for ths _abiorpiion of surplus labour . * All who have considered the subject agree tbat the _reclaroa'ion of waste land would afford an easy and
remunerative _rnenn 8 of giviRg employment to the people _, [ t is no new idea . Forty years sg > , the attention of parliament was called to it , in regard to Ireland , and it hia been repeatedly taiked of since ! hot nothing ban hitherto been d > ne in tne matter , chiefly , it is believed , owin _f te tho jealousy of the great Lmd-holder 9 , who dread _anything _savouring o an Agrarian law . What I propose is , that thnt idea _should now be carried into effect , and I calculate that , in the course of a very few _yeatB _, it WOUld lead to the _estinctien of the present poor rate , while it should at once pat down vagrancy and greatly diminish crime .
Let there be tbr . e central beards , sitting ir Loaders , Edinburgh , and Dublin composed , it might be , of the members of the existing poor law boards and the beard of works , _and _empowered to purchase , reclaim , snd c jlo . _nise land wholly or partially waste , and to execute ether public works . Let the country be divided into conveni tn ly sized districts or unions—fay of thirty . _six or forty milt s square—with a board of guardians for eaeh , chosen by the rite-payers , and with all ned _ssary officers , sueh a « _inspector , muster of works , surgeon , schoolmaster , & o . Let the applicants fir parish relief be divided into two orders , viz , _resldenters and vagrants , and these again into three classes , via , superannuated , including the infirm and disabled ; children , including youths
under fourteen years of age ; and the abl _? -bodied of both sexes . Let tho first order . comprehending those bora in , or having acquired aa industrial settlement in , the union where they live , be entitled to employment or relief within its bounds ; let the fecond order , comprehending those who havo eo fixed _i-ssidtnce , be sent to any plaee within the kingdom the central board might _thisk fit , there to be employed on public workg or main _, taiaed in poor houses . Let there be tiro separate funds , oue from a local rate voted by the ratepayers in each unioa for the upport and employment of the resident paupers ; the other from lhe general revenue , _Voled by parliament , for that of the vagrant order ; _government of course exercising a paramount control over both .
Let relief be given to persons ofthe first class ofthe first order , i . * _., saperaBt > oate < _I _residenters , either in their own houses or In those of their _relatives or acquaintances , atthe discretion of the local board ; those of the second order might either bs _boarded with decent householder ? , or Io'ged in buildings fitted up for tbe purpose . Let a similar regulation apply ta the children of both sues , but let special care be taken to have them properly educated by ranking their regular attendance at school a sine qua _non ; and when fit to go to trades , let them be apprenticed to approved masters , and when their time is expired , let a small sum of money be given them to begin the werld with . Lit lhe able-bodied of the first order he set to work within the bounds of the union in whicb they live ; while those of the second
order might either be employed in the locality where they _became chargeablo , or be coaveyed to any other where their services might be more wanted . Let public b _.-gslng be strictly prohibited , and let all mendicants be apprehended and dealt with as applicants for relief . Let nil _juvenile delinquents , on their first conviction , bo placed at the disposal of the board , after undergoing tbeir f entence , if their parents or relatives cannot be eot to come forward and enter Into recognizances for iheir future good bthaviour . If ih 6 y are found to be illiterate , and ignorant of a trade whereb y to make their living , let it be stipulated ia the bond that they are to be _icstruet _^ d forthwith , and let the beard take care that the stipulation is adhered to . if they come
a seeond time into the hands ofthe police , and be again convicted , let tfcem be placed at onco ia the third class above named , and _brougfct up like _o'htr destitute children , r . nd let the sum forfeited by their cautioners be laid _Eslde to foim a fund for tbem when thpy come of age If their parents aro able , however , tbey ought to reimburse the board for their outlay by paying a small weekly _ssm . By tbis plan , ragged schools aad schools of _industry , such as are at present in operation , would not ba _superseded , hut their character would be _somewhat altered , the benefits resulting from thera would ba extended to all destitute children , and a regularity would be _intNStSnoed into their _worki-ig which ean never bo attained to eader eclating circumstances .
0 ; course tt would not no to set the able-bodied to work in such fl waj as to affect the labour market and lower _wtij » eB . On the first mooting ; of tbe _Rystem an outcry will Enteral ' ? bo raised that it would in erfere with private industry , and depress , _instead of raising , the condition of the working man . r _* _at that is by no means a necessary consequence , for there" is abundance of work to do that will either never be don _< e at all except through _tome 6 cheme of this kind , or that , \ f once done , would add bo materially to tbe resources of tbe country as to create a permanent demand for million's of additi onai labourers . Let applicants for _empioymi * nt be set to do soniething that no private party is likely . *« undertake , and that at tbe same time is of a truly ns _* fnl na . tare . Since the fact is , that tlio country has at \ ' reseat all that host of sturdy vagrants who infest it to _fee € P '
in addition to tha respectable though unemployed * , 0 < ic _' _' and that , if not _uumptnously , at least expensively ' _wd since it has also to suffer , snd to makn up for _all _' th , ir depredations , it would certainl _y be better to moke thei , work for _the'r living , even although their work were not of a remunerative kind . Ratker than they should go at large , idle and thieving , it would be wiser far to at them to make a causeway across the North Channel from _Doaaghadee to Port Patrick , to level B . > n Nevis to dig a tunnel through the Cheviots , ' to _diag doon Tan . tallon an * mak' a brig to the Bass , '—anything , in short rather than idleness and their ' shift . ' But there is no need to have recourse to such expedients , for the waste lands scattered over the three kingdoms would employ profitably all the surplus labour that could be commanded for fifty years to come .
Let the _rate-paycrs ia each union vote annually a sumcient sum to set the resident labourers applying for relief , to work , either oa waste land , on the pubiie roads or otherwise . Let Parliament likewise vote a liberal Bum annually for the purchase and reclamation of land
I-Au^Ekish Asu • Lllmi'. Ifettek Ii. Thb...
wholly or pan icily _wame ;—I say _noiuiiu ot « _riiinpul- _- Oiy sales , such as those sought to b _<; legalised by Mr Trench in his bill recently read a first time in the _ttouee of Commons . Let the _' _Inboarers be set to reclaim this land , by draining , trenching , enclosing , planting , GFGCtl _* l 0 r suitable buildings , _«& c ., & c When reclaimed , let the land be sold by public _auetion in lots varying from fivo to fifty acres , and let tho price go into the national or local fund for tbe purchase of moro land . Thero are few districts of _tiiirty-eix miles _equare _, In whicb more or less land suited for operations of the _kled here
reonim- _nded is not to be found . It would not _umd to be entirely in a state of nature , although the nearer It approached that 6 tate it would probably pay the better . But wbere land could not be had for the emp loyment of resident labourers , other works might be undertaken . _Road-maHing would be a never failing resource . Tho de _^ ' _^ miagof rivers so as to make them navigable might be resorted to . In short , there is plenty of work to do ; the oaly thing requisite would be to make a prudent selection , and to guard againt the perpetration of _j- _^ bs , whicb would be best done by giving the rate-payers a direct voice in the whole affair from bf ginning to end .
Granting the scheme feasible aad expedient , we have ample room for almost immediate operations on a largo scale . There are teas of millions of acres of improvable land , lying uncultivated in every quarter of the United Kingdom . The bogs of Ireland , which could easily be rendered arable , and some or which possess an almost _intxhauBtible fertility , contain 5 , 000 000 acres , tbere being 2 , 000 , 000 in the single province of Connaught . Their entire reclamation haB been declared practicable by a Parliamentary Comnaiseioo , which reported that not only ttmporary but permanent _employment _wuul-i _thereby be afforded to , if I recollect right , about half a million of labourers . Tho total rental of theBe Irish bogs is said to be only £ 75 , 000 ; while if _itnprovid it is _Calculated they would ' produce 22 $ millions . The ex _peuse of reclamation wonld no doubt be considerable , but nothing in comparison to the gain _.
I know nothing that woull so speedily operate towards stemming the tide of pauperism as the reelamation nf these wastes according to the system now proposed , _atd iheir subsequent allocation , in Buitable portions , to Industrious cultivators of the peasant or small J'GOnuu class . The Irish small farm system maybe pointed to as affording no great encouragement ; but in Ireland the holders have no certainty of tenure , which make * them quite _careless about Improving their land , and eo keepe them in continual _poverty . In _England and Scotland , Wherever the allotment system has beea fairly tried , it has accomplished much good , A striking instance was mentioned in p _» _rHament in 1831 , by Lord Robert _Qrosven'T . In tho parish of _Cholesbury , in _Buckinghxmshire , some yars previous to that date , there was not a single acre In cultivation owing ( O tha _tnOR'agO of pauperism ; the poor wero supported by rates levied in aid on the adjoining parishes ; and it was a scene of universal
desolation . UudT there circumstances , a Society for Agricultural Employment allotted fifty acres among the poor to cultivate _durtusr . their unemployed time ; and tho consequence wps , that 'in a few months '—> I _qaote Lord Robert's on n words— . 'the poor rate was reduced frora 20 s . a pound of the rental ef the parish to 4 « . ; while tho poor were rescued iVom starvation . ' If we turn to foreign _countries we find tbe strongest proofs of 'he benefit resulting from the appropriation of waste land to the support of tbe redundant population . Jn Sweden it has beeu tried withthe best effects . The Swedish government commenced , in 1800 , distributing into farms several large tracts of Crown lands , previously lying waste . The number of farms thus called into active cultivation , and each maintaining a family in humble comf-rt , exceeds 6000 . Mark the result . The annual importation of corn into Sweden ameunted between tbe years 1758 and 177 G to 180 , 000 _qrs .
1777 1790 365 712 1791 1802 200 , H 9 1810 1816 133 , 140 _Between 1805 and 1823 , the production of corn in Sweden increased il percent ., while the population increased only 18 per oent . In the former year the produce ef the kingdom amounted to 2 008 , 000 quarters ; » n tbe * atterto 3 71 S 712 . Nor is this the whole . The increased cultivation ef potatoes is equally remarkable , the potato harvest of 1825 having produced no le ? s than 14 , 818 , 000 bushels , being a return of seven for one , aud ninefold the produe * of 1805 . At to the moral remits of tho system , Mr Liing , a most intelligent observer _^ _tiius _speat s in 1838 : — 'The land ( province of Augermasia ) is all in small estates in the possession of the peasants . The men do the farm business , the women
are driving a no less profitable branch of _industry . There is full employment at the loom or iu spinning , for old and youug of the female sex . _Servants are no burden . About the houses and inside , there is all the cleanliness aHd neatness of a thriving _manufacturine , and the abundance of an agricultural population . The table linen laid down even for yoar glass of milk and piece of bread is clean ; tho beds and sheets always nice and whlto . Everybody well clad , for their manufacturing is like their farming ; for tbeir own uso in the first place , and the surplus only as a secondary ot ject for sale ; nnd from the number of little nick-nacks in tbeir household , such as good table * and chairs , window curtains and blinds , which no hut is without ; clocks , fine bedding , papered ¥ Oomg , and & few boobs , It In tvi . dent that they lay out their winnings on their comforts '
In Holland , the plan of pauper . _colonlcs hos been _suecea ? fully tried . In Maogregor _' s Commercial Tariff of Bolland there is a very interesting account of them . It is too long for extract , but the following is the _concluding paragraph : — 'Although the colony ( Frederick ' s Oori , ) In paint of profit , has not realised the sanguine expectations of the society , nor as a commercial speculation is it likely to succeed ; yst , eight thousand paa . _pers , including two thousand four hundred orphans and foundlings , have been well provided for ; the labour of the working paupers has paid for their maintenance ; and the lands are considered worth nearly as much annual rent per acre as the original cost . From the statements given me at Amsterdam , the order , sobriety , and industry of Frederick ' s Oord , is remarkable ; they have _plaees ef worship , and schools for Lutherans ,
Cathallcs , and Jews , The adjoining colony ter orpha e at WaUran , and the colony at _Veenhausea , have answered equally as wel l . Profit , however , need not be expected . EmploymeBt to the poor , although it may only _partialis piy for their maintenance , la in every respect preferable to supporting tbem in auy other way . ' In Belgium it is said that the laud in some instances has risen in value nine-fold , in consequence © f being subdivided among peasant . proprietors , what was bought for £ 100 per aoro having Gold for £ 000 , Between Antwerp and fluent the fields sown with flax often produce a return of £ 50 per _a-re by the application of li quid manure and oilcake , The produce of wheat is often not less than _thirty-two
bushels to two of seed ; of oats , sixty bushels to threeand thia on land originally a barren sandy heath , The country is divided into email farms of from two to one hundred _aeres , mostly the property of tho occupant . West Flanders contains , on a superficies of 799 , 422 acres " no less than 656 , 604 registered properties , whioh _conse- ' quently average but _lj acre each . The spade is in general use . Rents _equalling £ 3 and £ 1 per acre are quite common . The cottage of the labourer consists of two or three rooms , and as invariably a neat gardes attached to it . The people are healthy and strong , and what is of great consequence in troublous times like the present , they are mostly Conservatives .
These instances out of many show the practicability and happy results of tha plan . Thero kaing no limit to tbe population but tbe supply of food , tho cultivation ol the waste lands would soon augment materially the number of the Queen ' s subjects , and add moro in proportion to the wealth ofthe country , since in exchange for a horde of vagrants , preying upon its vitals , it would substitute a class of honest cultivators ofthe most substantial kind , iWiog by their own iaduBtry , and contributing largely to the general stock . It is calculated that five acres of land of average quality are ButBcientto support a family under spade husbandry . Tho labour of a very small number _« f paupers , therefore , would
suffice to clear a holding for a family . And while engaged in that task , instead of being rivals to others , they would be creating a vast amount of work for private labourers , of the moot satisfactory and profitable kind . Moveover , land generally would rise In value , as it has dene in Belgiuoi , Holland , an Sweden ; for it io clear that the man who has a small holding , and who _cultlvates it himself , can afford to pay a hi gher rent thap one who holds a large farm aDd cultivates - _w meane of hired servants ; ond this will oorae to be more and more the case under the influence of free trade which will eventually render all farming , but that which closely Imitates _herticulture , unprofitable in this country .
To recapitulate the _adjutages which _Ithinkw- _' uld flow from the plan bow recommended . U wouia affjrQ - emplojment to all labourers who needed it , and guarantee them against utter destitution oven in the dullest times ; It would pat a stop to mendicity , aud consequently diminish crime ; il would g * ro comfortable _bomes to thousands who possess no fixed property at present , and , giving tbem ' a stake in tbe country ' would _canvert them into its _ataunchest defenders it would augment tho population , increase tfee national resources and revenue , and even improve the climate Ireland last year , and its bad roads made ' worse , is no criterion for judging of tbe working of a _well-consld . red permanent measure , 6 uch as this would bo . 740 , 000 paupers flung on tbe hands of governmen t all of o sudden , emplojed under an act draws up , as It were , de improviso , and with tho Boards of Guardians at least many of _them—deliberately bent oa m aking _theroea > mte work ill to serve their own selfish ends , was no sufficient test of a principle bo important .
No fear of a rush to the public works , and a _coaBe-QBent desertion of the usual channels of industry ; for the labourers would , of coarse , receive no more Wages than barely sufficient to purchase the necessaries of life , Tet * feeling of security and of independence would ( rfos op in < he poor man ' s mind , to which he has j , \ t _« rt « been a stranger . Starvat ' on could never stare lm ia She face then . He would know that be had _some-3 ing ' * ° lfa 11 batfe u P ° . Ut th * worst happen—someline _tittt-wouM not degrade him either to his own eyes rin ' o , _W'fcsople _' a . Parish relief , while it renders the _jtepay _, _« _ftUwis , always demoralises the recipient , for e feels tl . _* _^ 1 B subsisting on chari ty , doled out to him ith a ( j ™ ' _«« _iniJ heart . But to _reeelva wages for work one haa n . _»*«> hJaMaaia « r _Sfffeat . _and the applicant iremploym . _**• *«* _¦*« public works would no more stirmder his hon _wi _impendence by so doing thon hy aplying for an ea , W _^ eni to a farmer or manufacturer ome oignt en r _^ _-9 rt to _tljpse works , _saorifioiDff &
I-Au^Ekish Asu • Lllmi'. Ifettek Ii. Thb...
higher wsg . _: , in order to enjoy ' grcaur _uidep „ ndeucc than under a private _masttr , On the . other hand , a check on idleness , _Insolenco , or bad conduct of any kind , would always exist , although absolute dismissal could not be resorted to . Let the resident _labourer who _alBOuByOd OrdGrB , Or BllOWed himself idly disponed or re fraetory , be _Segraded into tbe class of vagrants , and sent off from his place of residence to work at a distance . For the vagrant , again , who failed to give satisfaction , many similar expedients C" » Uld easily bo fallen _apon . But thiB letter Is already too long , and I must 00 _n _» elude without entering into further details , which , inde'd , weuld be _r-uperfluous at present , my sole object being to ' adica'e the generalfeatureB of the plan . I may return to the _sunjxt should nobody better qualified take it lip , One word ere closing . The very term workhouse shows that the authors of our poor , law _sygtom never meant tho paupers _abouW be supported i » idleness .
I remain , & c , _WlLLUJI B & OCKIE
Thb Joan-Street Institution. To Tue Id-R...
THB JOAN-STREET INSTITUTION . to tue _iD-rroa er tue ' times . ' SIB | _ B y a resolution passed unanimously at a public meeting held at tho Literary and _ScUn'ifle Institution , J _ihn-stroet , _Pitzroy-pquare . on Tu _< _sday tvenlng , April i 8-. h , I was _v-pquanted , on behalf of the meeting , to repudiate tho false statements contained in a letter signed ' The Curate of the District . ' wbich appoarcd la your paper ofthe date abovtmemioned . In that letter the reverend gcntlomaa has made the following _atatoment > - ' In thesame place '— . the Johnstreet Institution— ' in wbich treason is now hatched against par Queen , defiance bag _lontr _berri wont to be hurled at Him who Is the King of Kings . Infidel lectures , tea meetings , and dances on Sunday evenings , havo Ion ? boen held with Impunity , ' It is much to bo regretted , that a professed te ? cher of religion _shsuld _sa far forgat himself as to give _Utterance to what lie mint have known to be untrue la the
_Jobns'met Institution no treason is hatched against the Queen . The Institution is let , occasionally—as are other public _buildings—forpolitlcal _pu-poses ; and _Jobns _-reet Institution is lot to the Onanist Executive for the me ofthe National C invention . They are only _atrlrlng to obtain the en _sctment of the People ' s Charter , nnd do not meet for tbo purposes _tndlcati-d by the reverend calumniator , la your paper of the llth inst , you candidly ' admit thatthe "ix points ofthe Cbartfr _arehonest and allowable doctrines , ' and thnt there is not in thoBe opinions ' any necessary contradiction to the spirit of tha British Constitution . ' The 'Curate efthe district , ' therefore , calumniates the Convention in charging them with hatching treason , when they are reilly pu'suinir , according to your own admission , a just ani constitutional ohject _.
The reverend _gentleman ' s unwarrantable attack upon the managers of the Instirution _, is not "hat should be expeoted from a teachor of religion . When ho asserts ' tbat dances on Sunday _evening have long been held thero wit _' i impunity , ' I charge this reverend gentleman with asserting what I cannot help designating a baao and malignant falsehood . I challange this false man to prove what he asserts ; for I honestly Rnd emphatically deny _tbftt dancing ev « r took place within Its walls on i Sunday , since tho _opening of the In » _tituti » n . Tho managers oftho Institution arehonest intelligent men . They aro not sectarian in their notions . Tho doors of the Institution have at all times been thrown open by ihem to those who ha < 3 , or believed tfi' _-y bad _. Important truths to communicate to society . B _» _llevln |? truth to be the basis of all excellence , they are anxious to listen to the sentiments and opinions of all parties ;
in tneirostimation no _subject is too sacred for invest ! * _nation ; and , as we aro told that if we ' believe tbe truth , the truth ohflll mabetia _ffeO . ' tbe _managi'M of tbe Institution , _t'eing ardent lovers of freedom , Impose n _» creeds or restrictions upon tbeir lecturers , whether they be religious or anti . _religions In verification of this assertion I may state , in conclusion , that leotures h « vo been > l » livered la tbis Institution by reverend gentlemen ; , on Christian _MiVjectu , of nearly two hours duration , which have b _^ en listened to with marked attention by the audience , though they genrrally disagreed wkh the doctrines propounded . It would therefore , havo been more In accordance with the professed doctrines of the reverend gentleman if , _instead of publishing false and _railing accusations against Hie managers and _frequenter's ofthe Institution , he had come amongst wa , and endeavoured to convince us of what he conceived to be our errors , In _doetrineand practice .
Relying upon yoar sense of jastfee for the insertion of tbis letter , in refutation of the calumnies and falsehoods of The Curate of the district . ' lam , Sir . on behalf of tbe meeting , Your obedient humble servant , TTEHBr _HBinEBlNOTOK . 57 , _Judd . street , Brnnswlek square .
The Movement. To The Ewtob Of The Hobthe...
THE MOVEMENT . TO THE EWTOB OF THE _HOBTHEBH 8 T _* S . Minster Lovel , May 7 , 1848 . _Sta , —Tn tbese _exeitable times when evory _pseudo patriot c 6 n _» i / _* eM _himaplf nt liberty to propound bin favourite nostrum for the amelioration of the condition of bin fellow-men , it may not bo presuming too much to hope that you will allow me a small Bpnco In the people ' s journal to _evpress my opinion on tbe _ospeot of tbe political horizon , and to offer a few _suggestions as to the policy to be adopted in the coming struggle ; for lot no mm ' ley tha _fluttering unction to his soul , ' that he
will regain his lost rights withont a struggle , or the tyrant _oppressor , that ho can much longer exercise his witberiFg influence ovir the lives and liberties of the toilimr millions , without coming into collision with the improved mind ofthe country , and _oxperlooclng the dire effects ofa criminal and dogged resistance to the just and reasonable claims of labour to a fair shore of its own fruits , as well as a participation in those political rights and immunities , which would form a barrier _agaiait the encroachments of capital on thc one handand the tendencies of * aristocratic domination on the
other . It has been said , that ' coming events cast their shadows before ; ' and , if tbere be any truth in this npho . rlsro _, it Is now more than ever incumbent on tho Charlist body to be on tbe alert ; for , if they do not bestir tbemBelves—and that In right good earnest—the middle class dodge will again be played off upon us , and our Charter mutilated by a compromise between complete humbug and the household league I Are tha sublime principleB of the Charter become more complicated , and , therefore , not so easily understood aa they were ten years ago 1 Are the circumstances which recommended their adoption by tbe sreat built ofthe labouring population of this country—altered for the better ? Or , is the intellect of the so-called
middle class so deadened , that they have become insensible to the insult they are again adding to the deep injuries they have heaped upon the victims of the system they would prop up a little longer , tbat we are now to be bamboozled by another league ? Verily , sir , I think we have had enough of leagues among that class ; from the unholy league of kings at Aix- ' _a-Cbapelle to tbe new . born of Brummagem—there has been but one unbroken chain of conspiracies against the rights of industry by the _worabippera of Mammon , sad by the plaee hnntiog , trafficking politician against the ri ghts of man ; and how long are we to tolerate thU legerdemain—this hocus pocu 8 ? I , for one , will not quietly submit to see the movement trifled witb by any more of tbeir clasBleaKUen _, either in or out of the House , for I hold that there is no difference whatever between tbem .
If tho Charter was good in itselflnl 838 andl 839 . lt mU qt be equally so in 1848 ; and if it waa expedient ? hen , why surely theBe gentlemen , who advocated its immediate adoption at that timo , will not tell us—tbat it is _leao ao now ; and why ii it that they offor us a less measure , after so many years of - . hat sort of experience which _wouW not only qualify ub for its appreciation , but also enable ns to apply its fruits to the rectification of those abuses which , from that time to the present , have been occumutatfnR to an unbearable extent ( n every department of our native industry ? The reason to me , sir , la as plain as the deception is glaring—thoy never moan us to have the Charter at all ; and so tang as they can gull us , they will , with any kind of dodge , nor will
it require more than this simple argument te prove my _assertioa . Wo aro gravely told that if wo will go with them for household suffrage , we should acquire auch a powerthatnogovernment could withstand the demand for a more extended suffrage—if the people demanded it ! Just roarlc the qualification — ' if tho peopio demanded It 1 ' Why the people have demanded , are now demanding , and wiil continue to demand It too . ' until the contumely ef the artful dodgers , and the treasonable coercion of the trovernment , shall perhaps compel them to demand tbe Charter in a voico which will scatter tonot the foar winds of heaven , hut to the lowest depths of another place—the plunderers of tbe poor man ' s labour —and establish on the rains of _domestlo tyranny , a system based on the fraternity of nations , and the rights of
man . — Call not this an idle threat , ' * * * * *» Yeu know the rest , I therefore shall proceed ! Now , sir , if tbese men were honest they would go for tho Charter at once and show tbat they wished the people to hove their rights ; and the influence which would be sufflch nt to gat Household would command ths Charter Suffrage—but years of bitter disappointment do not _aanotion tbe hope of any good from the Brummagem league—it would be hoping a gainst hopeand as _« hope deferrod mnketh the heart sick , ' let us turn from tho nauseous draught and look to tlio more cheering and enlivening prospect of liberty to all—injury to none—to the comfort , and happincBB . and prosperity ofthe eountry through the operation ofthe principles contained in the Charter of our liberties
A great fuss has been made of Iato about 'The pro taction of life and property , ' and it is not my intention at _precent to inquire into the mode of _nocture of _suck a number et loyal special ,, , nor how many of these were hors de cotnbat through the _skirmiahmg which 1 am told took place with the black bottle long before the anticipated grandattack . I dare _sa _, if I _h / _d _bS rSd into the same enviable plight , I might haveTeen induced to apply to thc same source for comfort _; buuZt I cannot so easil y 6 ao tbe necessity of , | , th eo . ofton repeated assertion of oar innocence of an , _JntwttS o _injuroll e and property . The holders of prop r hte all he _^ appliances which wealth can command for to protection , _'Edition t 0 rrbioh thero are the _boSun ? _hS
The Movement. To The Ewtob Of The Hobthe...
po . ice who _. e wage * , by tho bj ; we pay ;;* p ™ = _»« _•«•!•¦ _- wh t _aeed i , . here _forourrelbratior , of _mnoceuce _, o a intention of doing what i » it as well known to th _partie « who raised the calumny as to _tbaChartists _^ _mselvM so far ns they were concerned , there was nothing ofthe kind ever dreamt er , Tne chief portion o the pjp - of the unenfranchised constate of their labour , WD 1 CU 18 filched from them by low wages , exorbitant profits , an ! an oppressive and grinding _Bystsmof taxation , _talliogaslt does with unequal pressure on those who are least able to bear it ; and all the « e aggressions committed by tho v « ry _claaa _wheae stricken _conscience now tremble at thebara idea of that retribution which such
a system of misrule , if much longer persisted in , ifl calcula'od to produce , and we are told tbat this class Is fast coming round to our views of political justice . I shall be glad to be convinced of my error , but I very much doubt it . Tbere ftro few men in ray condition of life , who have mixed more among the middle _dms tban I bave—Done has laboured harder or with a more kindly feeling to convince them of the false pnsition in which they are , placed , but with hero and there an honourable , and I may add , a sensible esoeptlon , I have iuvariably found that pride Bud prejudice have overcome all other considerations , aBd they have fallen back Into tbe ranks of tho oppressor , using all their _Influet-CJ to nullify our maj orities and perpetuate our bondage .
Itis true thnt their power Is fading , bat the pertinacity with which they cling to tho old regime , is manifest by the exhibitions we have had lately ; and whilst _thf-y , as a claaa , are no : only arming to crush our onward march but actually forcing all over whom they hav . i any influence to do the same , I cannot Bee tho utility of _aasuriog an _3 _re-assurtng these opprea » _ors oi their species of an unnatural impunity , whilst they aro in tbe actual commission ofthe greatest crimes known to the laws of civilised society , viz —murdering the people by starvation , and treasonably trampling on the Constitution , by stifling the voice of complaint .
Let there bo an _oad to this temporising policy—let the good men of all rank * unite for tbe amelioration of tbe sad condition of the wealth producers of thia country . Let us who are convinced from long experience that nothing hut the enactment of the People ' s Charter > _% ill effect that objeo _* , press forward , _regardiiss of who maj lag behind or attempt to bar our _progress . Is is worse than folly to go back for the lame aud blind of any class —never losing sight of our motto— 'Onward and wc conquer , backward and we fall ; ' listening not to the voice of those who would _offer us less than justice , in tha fond hopa of its leading to the _eonsumma ion of our wishes ; believe me , sir , it ie bat t & o song of tke syren , that lureth but to betray .
I have no wish to create unneceFSary alarm , hut when I see the government acting on tho _feara of tho timid _among the privileged classes , far the _purpose of checking the _progrofS Of ihe people towards the attainment of their freedom , I think it is my duty , as arm mber of a _calumniated clas « , to tell them t > ac if tbey will array themselves on the _sideef tyranry and oppression , instead of _end-ttvouring to remove the causes of discontent Which they are instrumental in creating , 1 , for one , Will not so far prostitute the natural feelings of _humanity as ta express a sympathy which I could not feel , thould I ever live- to see the fire of public indignation burst with volcanic force upon their guilty heads , levelling all
dist _' _netion , and overwhelming alike tho tyrant oppressor ftnd his sycophantic supporter in one common ruin ; wh lit they have the power of averting tho catastrophe , and _conferring a blessing on millions of thrir fellow _crcaturos , by a timely recognition of their common right to live in tbe land of their birth , and by a speedy _resrora . tton Of those ' political immunities , which will secure to them the fruits of thtir labour , and bring about the only state of contentment aud happiness in which would be found the real protection for life and property—that is to say , tho grateful affections of a happy community . I km , air , yoar obedient servant , II . Ross .
The «Corrector' Corrected. To Tue Editos...
THE _« CORRECTOR' CORRECTED . TO TUE EDITOS OF THE _NOUTHEBN 8 TAE . Sia , —The following article is quoted trom a periodical _avowing _itnelf the friend of the _labouring _ciasso _* _, vit : — Tue Voice of the P £ OPt £ , published by Charl a Kn ght , the well unown London _publisher ; and as the _aodreBS alluded to was _written , and all the information supplied by me , approved by a committee and carried by the late National Convention , 1 claim th _« privilege of tay lug a few words _ih . reon ; a & d & t fair play is tho characteristic of English honesty , I hope you will publish the extract entire . 'the _cobsectoe op tbe _rEESS _" . 'We are glad to have our own errors pointed out to us plainly and with temper -, we ate equally glad to correct Ihem . Wo are not of opinion , hs some public writers appear tobe , that tbe editor can do no wrong : the very nature of periodical writing involves the chances of misconception and mis-statement . It is the duty of au honest pnbiic writer to make instant reparation .
'Wo were Utterly wrong in stating in onr last number that the 'tabb , showing the comparative mortality of _different classes , ' as published by th * National Conven . tion , was ' manufactured expressly for tbe purpose of imposition . ' We haJ looked at tbe population returns , at the reports of the Register . General , at Porter ' s' ProgrOBB Of the _2-fatiOO , ' and other statistical works , before we ventured to express our belief that there wore no parliamentary reports or any tables , 'dividing the people into classes of gtntlomen , tradesmen , and workpeople . ' It has been pointed ont to ua , that the reports on the ' Sanitary Condition of _theLabouringPoputation'do contain the _mterials for sueh a t & ble _fiS that published by the National Convention , In Mr Chadw _' . ck ' a report of 1842 thero is a section , entitled , ' Comparative Chances
of Life io diff rout _Clastes of tho CjmmuBlty . ' Mr _Caadwick caused the Mortuary Register of particular towns and dUtrictB to be examined , and also employed persons te go from house to house , in certain localities ; and tbo results are presented in a series of statements occupying many pages of the report . Tho table of the National Convention is founded upon a portion of these statements ; and we were not warranted , theref _< re , In say . ing that the table waa ¦ manufactured . ' _Nevertheless , the _tflfelo is likely to lead to many _erroneoua conclusion '' ; and the original data are confessedly imperfect . 'The deathaof masters , ' _aa _a Mr Chadwiok , ' are not carefully distinguished from the deaths of journeymen . ' How , then , con we arrive at a correct estimate of the comparative mortality of _tradesman Mid bf Drti .
ean « ? But tho table la chiefly misleading , from its withholding half the information which Mr Caadwick furnishes—the mortality amongst tbe adult population . The great comparative mortality which the tnble shows of' workpeople and families' arises trom tbe fact , that ' more than half tbe children of tbe working classes die , and only _oao-fifth of the oUldren of the gentry die , before the fifth year of age . ' The reason is _obviout _. Infantile life is swept away at a fearful rate in _crowded districts ; inill . ventilated _bouBcs ; In close streets with imperfect drainage ; in tbe miserable cellars , which are the disgrace of Liverpool and other large _towee . These are the physical evils which _legislation is now endeavouring to grapple with , The workpeople have been
indifferent to these evils . Give us a batter organisation of tho ' Health of Towns , ' and labour would have less need for looking about for . vain and _impraeicable _oi-gaui 3 a » tlou to alleviate its miseries . But oven as itis , when we come to the comparative mortality of adults , we have not that _startlln _? _dinproportion which the table oftho National Convention exhibits , to show that ' though an increase of _wsalth has given an IncroaBc of comforts and luxuries to a few , it has iu no way tended to promote the welfare and comfort of the producerB . ' We will take some Other places toBhorr' tho average ago at death'of all ages , and also exhibit ' the average ago at death' of adults . These f _^ _cts are from the report on tho state of large towns , 1845 : —
Liverpool. Ashton, J L'Reston. Hot'lid; ...
Liverpool . Ashton , j _l _' reston . _Hot'lid _; le Occupation AuL , ,, All ' 77 I Til j ~ Til I . , .. A _« o ; Adult Age _^ _' _-jAge Wit Age Adult Gentlemen . 43 ! 58 20 J 5 ' j 47 01 34 j 50 Tradesmen . 19 , 48 21 50 31 51 2 ( 5 I ii Workoeople 1 » I 4 / 16 SO IS j _r-o 18 : 4 ft
' Wo Shall Return To This Subject When W...
' Wo shall return to this subject when wo come to the great practical question of thc dij—Sanitary Re ' ottn _, ' lhe table quoted Oy me is taken from tho reports oi Mr Chadwlck—and the data used by Mr _Chadulck are tho ' Mortunry Registration' and such other evidence as Mr Chad wick thought necessary for coming to Bound conclusion !! . I om next charged with only stating half tho truth ; but I ask , are the facta disproved ? Let the reader examine the table que ted by the author of the critique , that nt all ages—that Is making tho estimates from births nad daaths : —Gentlemoo , forly-three ; workpeople _, fifteen . Well , air , do these facts prove that an _iacrease ef wealth has brought with it an increase of wdfaro and
comfort to tV . e producers ? But it la argued that , aura than half the children of tho working c ! a 68 efl die , and only oae . fifth of the children of the gentry die , before tho fifih year of ago . Alas ! t o true—too sad a fact ! Mr _Malthua may have thought infant life of no value ; but If we analyse tho cau . « esthat lead to such consequences , wa shall unfold the secret ulcers that sit at the heart of tho people of England ; and however reckleBa somo men may bo of infant life , itis clear tbat theconditien ofthe mother afl \ _cts the condition of children , aa is clearly proved , by the deaths in our Foundling Hospitals . Mc diool men who understand these questions have informed me , that the increase of deaths of children In our Found . Hag Hospitals , is attributabl e to the want of being
nursed by their mothers , as well as other causes . A physician of reputation , resident in Yorkshire , assures _mfcfthat ft ctory labour is injurious to the health of women ; that a great number of female factory labourers bavo edematous or swollen feet and ancles ' - are _sabject to congestion of tbe liver , relaxation of ihe ligaments of tho uterus , prolapsus of that organ , abortion andhcemorrhage ; and that , if any of the factory female _operatircs , htving swollen _anoles , accidentally receive a scratch , it is almost sure to produce a deep sloughing , and lll . conditioned ulcer , if not immediately attended to , and counteracted b y _nst from labour , Ac , Ad this is a subject too important for a » y party purposes , I beg to add the following
_stateraents : — According to Mr M'CulIoch _, the average rato of mortality in 1780 , _wjib one in forty annually ; in 1810 one in fifty . three ; in 1820 , ono in fifty-seven ; and we ' may add In 1833 , one in _sisty . The following is the Increase per cent of mataufaclur " fog _toffni , from 1801 tc 1831 ;~
' Wo Shall Return To This Subject When W...
_Manchester ... ... , » N _GlllSgOlV ... .,, '" _jjj . Liverpool ... ... , j ,, Nottingham ... ... < m _^ . Birmipgham ... ... iti „ . Great Britain ... ... , ., At page 183 Of Mr _Chadwick ' s Report " xii 6 }' .. illustration of tho condition of ? the _people occu . r . I quote from a work on my ta'do , aad which [ _« _- * _S the words of the author , holding myself _respond ] ' ' its correctness . 9 ' * i
• In the evidence of recruiting _offictra _, collects _^ ihe Factory Commission of Inquiry , it wt . t 8 ho » Dn _' i fower recruits of p roper strength and stature for _^ iS service , are attainable now than heretofore frnm ll * ) _chestsr . I have been informed that of those _Inbotf ' ' now employed fn tbi meat important _msau _^ ... ' . '' whether natives or emigrants to that town , the son . \ are employed at the _samo work , are generally _inferio _" * Stature to their parents . Sir James M'Gregor , th _eDj , '' tor General of the Army Medical Board , stated to ' _' ' the fact , that a corps levied from the agricultural diji _, _^ of Wales , or the northern counties of _England , win _$ longer _thsn one recruited from tho _manufactarj ' towns—from Birmingtara , Manohe g tcr , L _eds , or k , ' _- ford ; indeed , so great and _pirmaneatis thc _deterioratj . ' that out of 513 men enlisted , almost all of whom c _» 5 from Birmingham and five other neighbouring w , only 238 were approvod for service . ' ' i
Yet , sir , In no district of England has wealth Incre _^ _, _, SO rapidly as in the manufacturing towns ; and 1 _^ own that it Is with _fet / lings of regret and grief , _thsj . mark tho deterioration of our workpeople in statu ,. strength , and _moials ; and whatever may be the sty written or spoken about our _oivllisatioa , 1 tell _theauttii _,, that BO long as tbe bills of mortality exhibit their sad _,, ' turns I hate their _boasted , trumpery , soul- sickening esj aj [ about the advantages of national wealth , he , Agai j deny that the people are cureless about th _> ir ph y » _i , condition , and hope th * t I have fally vindicated the f 4 c . and reasoning of the address S tht National _Canventijj and would ask ihe writers ofthe Voice op the Peg ?; , ' to be candid as well as cautious , and ask themseivei t _^ _question , ' Are we prepared to teach the doctrine , t _^ , killing is no murder !' I am , as ever , yours faithfully , _SucoEt Ktdd .
To The Editob Op Tbe Hofithebs Stab, Sia...
TO THE EDITOB OP TBE _HOfiTHEBS STAB , Sia , —Tho following Bppeal from the Chartist bod y cj tbe Newcastle-upon-Tyne branch on behalf of a _vej , worthy and patriotic individual , namely , Mr B . Emtl f , ton , IB Chiefly _addressed to those friends ofderr . _osracy ; social _am-lioratioo belonging to the counties of N ,, _^ umborlaud aud Durbnm ; aad it is confidently oxpcct ( i that each and all will feel disposed to give their _ri'iiet ' assist so worthy sd _t-bj-rt : — TO THE DEMOCRATS OF NORTHUMBERLAND
AN 0 DURHAM . Fbiends , —Tbo worthy _oVject of this appeal has , bji train of _oircumst & kcea over which he had no ciiotm become a vic . im to poverty and disease , and is the _pressnt time , considerably abridged of those eotnfo r (| _nfcessary to support and keep him In existence ; indeed the parties who take the present opportunity of _addren ing you , _witnessed the po ir old veteran , only last _tt _^ _i swoon away apparentl y dead , and such was the _dan _» that the medical man who waa called in , gave it as tii decided opinion tbat the old gentleman ' s disorder _^ purely the result of toe little food , hu having for _tjj last twelve months be _« n unable to get any _employo _^ and too old to work If that could have been got .
redow-men _, we feel it our duty to enlist your _»•> party for Mr _Embleton ; and our wish and desire is , _ituj something handsome be raised for him , ina _» mueli _&* _ij . hss to a very great extent , worked very hard font ; good cause , and is therefore entitled to our comra ' _se _^ tion - - nd sympathy . Trusting , then , tha * with aa little delay as _possiVit each friend of the cause will forward what be can spaij to M . Jude . Newcastle , who haa _kin- ! ly consented to rt . ciive the same . We remain , yeurs , & c , Was Down , M . Jode , Thos . _Nicaotsojr , War . _Watson .
To The Executive Of The National
TO THE EXECUTIVE OF THE _NATIONAL
CHARTER ASSOCIATION GSHTIEHEK , —rt wab _proposed , seconded , and car , ried unanimously , at onr _meeting yesterday _eTeniu ? that the secretary be instructed to write immediatil y | , j tbe Executive , to assure tbem of the unabated _eonfidena and esteem which tbey individually entertain for tb . t _indf-fatinabla _poraeveriRce and _incorruptible _integtii ] of Mr Feargus O'Connor , they being convinced by yean of refl _^ _crion , of his gentlemanly _disinterestedoess tt raise the anirans aad labourers of Great Britain in _fii _eocitl tcale of human existence _.
_K-aowlng this to be true , common gratitude compe ! i them to step forward upon this _nccBsitjn to def-nd hii character and intention * from unjust denunciations oi vague insinuations ! They beg to remind those indin . duals who are universal dealers in suoh like _proceeding , that they _erjregioufly deceive themselves if they hm the vanity to conceive th _» t their spleen or _malevoknc ! can in any way diminish the political _reputation of tti noble individual they malign , for they are bound to ia . form them that it increases tbat confidence which thy vain ' y endeavour U deBtroy ; yea , that it maybe a cot . sola . ion for _thoiedecUimers , to know they unequivocal ; aver that tbe patriotic _diBinterednesB of O'Connor tis so interwaven itself with tbe affections ofa down-trodden and insulted people , that it ig morally impossible for aa / man or body of men to efface it ; for wben the _granj mout < d sball point out the spot which incloses bii mouldering ashes , his nama will , in truth , be held ia sacred veneration in the estimation of those who arejsi unborn to lisp his well-earned fame .
In conclusion , they would wish to impress upon ( hos ! who are so fond of denunciation ( end _whobuve never yet substantiated tbe moBttr'fllug charge ) that wire thi ] to allow their actions to be _gnaged by reason , _jastice , and buronnlty , the ) wonld have neither time nor will to decry tho aetions of another , fordoing that which the ; ore bound to de , but which they inhumanly neglect , vi ; , to do good to others ! 1 1 G-ntlemen , I have to thank you in bshalf of ear litlli band , for your Btcady adherence and _advocaey ci universal truth and universal right , and to request thai this letter may be inserted in the forthcoming Sth , that tho public mind may ba faithfully delineated , in order that unsophisticated patriotism and _individoil worth may _shiae forth iti all its _pristine beauty .
With tbis , gentlemen , I remain , most respectfully ac ! unreservedly yours , E . _FiKBEit , Sab . Sec , Uxbridge _Cbartists , 20 , UpptrBcll-jard , _TTsbridge .
The Seventt Seventh Birthday Of Robbkt O...
The Seventt Seventh Birthday of _Robbkt Ora —On Monday , May loch , a tea party and _loim was held in the Hall of the _Jobn-streee , Literary aad Scientific _Institution , to celebrate the principles an ; the _sevonty-soventh birthday of Robert Owen . Tie company bavins ; partaken ofthe cup ivhich ' cheeti hut not inebriates , ' the overture to _Zimpa was performed on tho _orsan by Miss _Duther . Mr W . D , Sauit _having been unanimously voted to tho dtfir _, opened the Imsinefs of the evening by some very . i ? _- propriate remarks . Tho Chartist ohaunt was then given by the choir . Mr _I-aac Ironsides and _Madsn _" D'Arusmont _thonspoke to the Brat resolution or sentiment , ' Tiie Cause of the Peopla , may it speedily triumph , and may tbe _rL-bfri and interests of aU be _«• cognised and established . '' We will conquer t ' _alsshord '' power' by tho choir . Messrs Holyoake , Walter
, Cooper , and Cramp then spoke to tho _toa-st o ! thi evenintr _, ' Robert Owen . ' ' Long may life ani bea'th be spared him , ' was then given with cm * tffect by the choir , the . company standin ? . _Mr _^ son then introduced the next sentiment . 'Tee French Republic , may it fulfil tbe hopes cf _theeaslaved millions , by realising the aspirations of th * world ' s benefactors , by di _^ _pem-ing liberty , and tM enjoyments of life equally and universally . U * _« Girondist Chaunt' by the chmr . Mm Martin maoi some very appropriate _reraa-ks in support ottt _> sentiment , and the _proceedings terminated , aft" ! votin ? thanks to the chairman , with tho _Marseille _llymn . ' The Sunday _evuniner _Orationeof MrThomsi Cooper , on the _Hiftory of France from the Revo !' - tion of 17 S 9 , to tbe present time , ' are attended ? crowded audiences .
_Loughborough . — The Messra Warner and Cat ! - _Wright of I his rdace , efffrod their hand * a reduetio of from 3 d to 0 \ who work in tbeir mill , in con . * quence of the ten hours bill coming into operation . The hands struck , and about thirty of them went t ' Mr Skevinston iV sdviee , who _agresd to meet tie " at seven o ' clock in the evening , whi ( ihhe did , s iviE _* t ' netu such advice as he desraed suitable . N _« t "j - tbey agreed to go to work at half tho _icductic " offered . The _YoBKsninuMAS calls tho increase of oiirarix ' and navy out-door relief for the aristooracy , _witbeuthe labour test . The _pipor wills at Bitton , _Glouosstershire , _* on Sunday reduced to a heap of ruins by fire . The Duke of Norfolk has beea invested bv < f Majesty with tV . e knighthood ot the most noble Or _* of the Garter , without the usual observances *" _ied to _installation
reg . _.,,, On Friday 177 articled clerks , haying P » * r u ( examination , were admitted attorneys of the _W ' of Queen ' s Bench . ., A g lazier at Newport _Pagnell lately f | , uni L _mouse ' s _ne 9 t in hie warehouse lined wit'i ( "old- _, k j mice had made use of the gold leaf bo . Ic in ' * ' their r . est . _tf _Nothina further bas been heard of the IN " : _,,. Rev . B . C . D . F . Fairfax , who swindled tho _w bitants of _Rawmarch recently , _whilst locum '" ' ' for the Rp < tor . „ nn ami I' - ll is said that Lord Howth has netted jE 3 D , iw , ; the race for the Chester cup , which was won ») horse' Peep e' Day Boy . ' T „ * It is a fact , ' says the Gentleman ' s | ' «* ( Bombay . ) ' that the entire populatiau of lud' » _^ not spending on their clothing more than _aixp
per head per annum . . i nVfr f ' Hertford , at a publio _meeting _prffiidei o _« _^ the mayor , has unanimously agreed to aupP 0 _" _- new Reform _raoyementi
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 20, 1848, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_20051848/page/2/
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