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¦ MoraMBEtt 21. 18M. _________ ___ THE N...
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r^A naiwniw«T ,at leasts werd«, k _.tL*n...
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n-BE AMERIC AN AGRARIAN REFORMERS. We la...
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Attempted Suicide is the Green Park*—On ...
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tfomgit an* (Mmu'ai JnteUinmce*
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FRANCE. The price of bread at Paris was....
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THE LAND FOR THE PEOPLE. "For me, for th...
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IRELAND. STATE OF TnH COUNTRY. Destituti...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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¦ Morambett 21. 18m. _________ ___ The N...
¦ _MoraMBEtt 21 . 18 _M . _________ ____ THE NORTHERN STAR . , 7
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N-Be Americ An Agrarian Reformers. We La...
n-BE AMERIC AN AGRARIAN REFORMERS . We lately stated that an occasional libellous panvnbin _' the London daily journals , was all the BI _1 « e which the press of tbis country , with tbe es > B tion ofiheNorthcm Star , had taken ofthe Antit * P ti _.. om « nt but a movement of a still more b nt Mo vementbut a movement of a still more
- ; _? nortant character has > iot met even with that _^ vjre _* . So far as we know , up to tbis time not a * ° . ' _* English newspaper save the Northern Star has _f *" = noticed the existence of the American Agra-Sims , or National Reformers . Thus , so far as our _^ _jj _•« public instructors" are concerned , the people _^(•? h _' s country have been left in total ignorance of a _nvenient destined , in all probability , to give birth _^ _j _^ _gj _'ts the most important , affecting the welfare Ind happ iness of tbe human race . . expend thousands of
O n ? newspapers many pounds annually in paying for foreign correspondence , and foreign expresses , often the bearers of no more _im-Lrtant intelligence than some diplomatic juggle , or J _^ rt intrigue . Entire columns furnished by " spe-S al reporters , " are devoted to the prosy rubbish of "iree trade" and " protectionist" harangues ; often _ av be seen whole columns occupied with accounts _^ _fieinanitiwof-roval _. _aristocratical , and fashion _, ablelife : even the doings of murderers , ruffiians , and prize fighters , are reported at length ; but a _snbjpct as important as was the question at issue between the Plebians and Patricians in the days ofthe Gb achh . is silently passed over—burked . The Oregon question , and the Spanish Marriages question , lave claimed the pens of the editors of our daily and _weekly journal * - for many months ; while the National Reform Movement in America has been utterly neslected , and but for this paper would be altogether _unknown on this side ofthe Atlantic .
The editors ofthe daily journals , their correspondents , and compilers of foreign news , ate well aware of the existence and progress of the new party in the 5 tates , but hating the new party , because that party aims at the destruction of class inequalities , our precious ** public instructors" haverecourseto " tbe _con-spiracy of silence , " to prevent tbe very existence of the new party being known . The assassin journalists of this country know very veil that if their columns faithfully reported the proceedings of the American Agrarians , the principles of that party would fly like wild-fire through this country , to the
great danger of " onr time-honoured institutions" ;" therefore , onr American friends are for the present lurked . We say for the present , for in the event ether ofthe American Reformer * " becoming so numerous as to legislate for their country , or , that social convulsions arise in consequence of the rich violently opposing the reforms demanded by the Aerarians , in either case the English press will then make up for past silence , by brutal and lying abuse of the men they can no Ion : _* er burke . This always has been the case , this always will be the case , while aristocracies exist to pay for the vile rascality of literary hirelings .
Itis only fair to observe that our English journalists are net one whit worse than their American _corarognes . The great mass of American editors have never _meatioued the English Chartists , but to" scoff at and abuse them . Even their own countrymen , the American Reformers , are no better treated . Rascals in the United States impudently calling themselves Republicans , dare to write such stuff as this : — Not a syllable have -we written which justifies the
inference that we are in favour of social ego dity , and opposed " to classes of masters and servants . " So far from our advocating or _entertaining such ridiculous notions _, we bave ever ridiculed them as tr « % _* ous , dangerous asd disorganinng . The Almighty himsell instituted a state of society in which , such *• classes" were recognized , and the Redeemer of mankind inculcated upon all a respect for such institutions . * * " Soeidleg \ taUty r ' is , inour opinion , _anutterimpossibility ; bnt , were it otto-wise , we shonld oppose it as at war witb our tastes and feelings .
The above is wrote by a fellow named Webb , editor of a paper called the New fori : Courier and Enquirer , who by doing the dirty work or the mamon . _^ craey , i ? enabled to live like a lord , inhabit a princely mansion , and have four servants to wait on him . Of course he does not believe in " social equality . " " The only way , " said Marat , "to make good sans culottes ' of the rich is to leave tbem nothing to cover their . " Marat's system of conversion wonld very soon bring Air . Webb to his senses , and speedily make " social equality" accord with his "tastes and feelings . " Although innumerable columns of the Northern Star have been devoted io the republication of the proceedings ofthe American Agrarians , nevertheless a brief sketch of the principles , origin , and
progress of the party may be useful . The sketch we recently gave ofthe Anti-Renters , will make all future reports ofthe proceedings of that party " plain sailing '' to our readers ; the sketch we now purpose giving will be equally useful as regards the Agrarians . From time to time , some most appalling accounts ofthe misery _existing in New York , Philadelphia , and other large cities ofthe Union , have appeared in this paper . Miserable homes , low wages , trades-Combinations , strikes , starvation , ignoranie , drunkenness , prostitution , and the wide-spread _comuiisaonof suicide alarmingly abound in those huge brick and morter babels , where knaves and fools , schemers and slaves , " . most do congregate . " If the above-Earned results of the present _system of civilization , do not yet in New York and Philadelphia rival in
extent tbe like results so notorious in Liverpool and _Glasgow , they are already sufficiently enormous . Tie-e evils are continually g _^ _-wing , and , unless stayed by a social revolution , will ontinue to increase and multiply , until the " model republic" _besomes as foul a spectacle of combined luxury and miserv , tyranny and slavery , as is this " great and & ee " " England . We have now before us copies of Rima _^ mericaof October 10 th and 17 th , containing most frigutihl _disezosures ofthe state of things'in Sew York . As in this country women are specially the sufferers . We have not room to ) transfer to our columns the long list of cases showing the wretched " ¦ rages of dress-makers , female tailors , shirt-makers , 4 c ., enough that New York , as well as London , contains _hundreds—perhapBthosands—whose condition Hood has described in words all too true .
"Work—work—work ! Till tbe brain begins to swim , "Work—work—work , Till the eyes are heavy and dim ! Band and gusset , and seam , Seam and gusset , and band , Till the heartis sick , and the brain henumb'd _, As well as the weary hand . The editor of Young America relates the following instance of " City life : _"" We have a painful circumstance to relate , which _vriU throw a gl < am of light upon some of the snares v-aick are s * t for young and friendless females who are driven by want to the city , or allured thither from tbe paternal roof by the vain prospect of bettering their condition _. An innocent young girl left the roof of her poor and _humbleparents in the town of _, Fairfield county , Conn ., last April , ana came to the city to sees ; employment . Asiscnstomary _, the girl applied to an intelligence office—which office was in the service of
prostitute houses . She was artless in her manners , comely in herappearence , graceful inform , and beautiful in feature ; a rare prize for these emissaries of crime . She ¦ " as immediately engaged at large wages , and sent as a _servant into an assignation house at Ko . 1 , Benson-« reet . Six weeks after this , she was found In the « reets _, at near midnight , weeping bitterly—aa outcast , disgraced , ruined , lost . This is but an instance of a multitude of similar cases . _Hundreds of poor , defenceless females are by our oppressive sytem of wages slavery compelled to give np in despair , and bide tbemselTes from the tender mercies ofa Christian city in fool dens of shame . " But enough ; the evil of the many's degradation and misery in the cities of "free America , " is " as notorous as the sun at noon-day" To what _cauae must the evil be ascribed ?
In answer to tbis question , volumes might be written , and should be to do justice to tbe subject , but we must answer it in a few words . The cause of these _social evils is tbe existence of social _in-CQuality in spite of the nominal political equality acknowledged by the political institutions of the States . The revolution of ' 76 was only a half revolntioD , in which the few who were really intelligent and honest enough to have founded a veritable commonwealth of freemen , found themselves too few in comparison with the disguised aristocrats and political adventures who formed the majority of the re- ¦ _Wlutionarv leaders and legislators . The legislators cf the Jefferson stamp being in the minority with _m Public opiuion to backup their far-seeing policy , **? re compelled to agree to a compromise , which , * iftont touching social _institntions , guaranteed to _thepeo-ilethenowerto elect their lawmakers , and
w _coorse , the power to amend , or entirely change J * **! institutions , through the inBtrnmentality of _*•**« legislature . From the cause , we have stated , ne _* ro _* 5 laver y was allowed to continue until now * K evil has grown to such a height ; as | to •™ eaten the Southern States with a servile war , _¦¦^ _Ae union itself with dissolution ; the system of Pnvate property \ u land , with the conservation to " landlords of their wholesale usurpations , and the ? _" _**•* exact rent was permitted , giving birth to _{^ d-jubVing , _anti-rentism , competition of the la-__ _*»¦ against the labourer , and the consequent _mi-_ 7 existing - ,, large towns ; and lastly , nothing was j" * to check the thousand means of fraud and j _^ y which usurers , lawyers , and other vampires , _Reestablished to compel the working class lo _nn-S-L - _* the same time , exacting from them _" _•^^ or three-foiirths ofthe wealth they create .
N-Be Americ An Agrarian Reformers. We La...
While the public lauds were y _ t comparatively free from the grasp of speculators , and while those "hivesof industry , "the great cities , were not yet over-populated , ' * the system" was not much felt . If at that time , in the infancy of the Republic , the American people had set about using their political privileges for the correction of social wrongs , the value ofthe pahtical organization established by the founders of the republic would have been seen , and Universal Suffrage would have been found every way adequate for the establishment ofa system of social justice without any appeal to violent means . The same power yet exists , but with these drawbacks , that the evils to be eombatted have now attained a giant growth , and the working masses , from their numbers and the enormous extent of country over which they scattered
are , are difficult to move ; even the attempt to enlighten them through the medium of voice and press propaganda is an enterprise truly herculaneum . One ofthe most withering influences opposed to the cause of progress inthe United States has been the folly of the working millions ranging themselves under the banner of " party , " and struggling not for themselves but against each other , and fur the triumph of factions who have differed in little but the name . Two great factions , until recently , divided the American public—the Whigs and Democrats , — these answering to our Tories and Liberals , (? . e ., Whigs and Sham-Radicals ) . In one respect only have the so-called Democrats shown themselves better than the Whigs , namely , in opposing the paper-money swindlers . During the presidency of Jackson , some well-directed blows werestruck at the bank-schemers ; but excepting this good service , the "Democrats" have but few claims upon the
gratitude of the people ; indeed of late that party has so far degenerated , tbat it is questionable i / some sec tions ofthe Whigs are not more democratic than the _s- _' -called Democrats . The Liberty party is the name assumed by the abolitionists who bave heretofore made the emancipation of the black population their object , as it appears ' , to have been their one idea . The Native Americans are a new party , aiming at placing the government and official situations entirely in the hands of native-born citizens , and , further , desiring to add to the present suffrage restrictions . These parties , , but principally the two first , have nntil recently appropriated "the energies of the American people . It has been the old game of the "ins" aud the " outs . " The people have worked , shouted , and voted to return one set of place-hunters and public plunderers in lieu of another set , with no benefit to themselves , affording another proof of the great truth that ' party is the madness of the many for the gain of the few . "
_Ifothwithstanding all difficulties , for many _yer-rs past a small but heroic band have struggled to bring before the American masses the causes of the deterioration of their condition , and the remedies for the evil . They have shown that the foundation and root *! all other usurpations and monopolies is that monster wrong the usurpation and monopoly of the soil ; and that the first step in the great social revolution demanded by justice , and the wants of the masses , mnst be the restoration to the people of their right to the land . So far back as the year 1829 , a meeting was held in the Military Hall New York , when resolutions and an address were adopted by three thousand citizens , from which we give the following extracts : —
Tour committee cannot forhear to say , that wherever government is organized upon such unjust and unequal principles as were established in England by William tbe Conqueror , and as have prevailed there ever since , that the Almighty , in vain for the poor , has made the water to gush from its fountain , vegetation to flourish on tbe surface ofthe eart " , and created tbe treasures of the quarry and the mine , since , "before any of these can be applied to the benefit of the poor , these latter must enter into treaties of bondage with their oppressors , to pay a price for that which the Supreme created alike for all . Your committee see that when government appropriates unequally , the only property which it has , when it begins to exist , that is , the soil of the State ; it _thenj lays the foundation of oppression such as you , and men of your description in all countries , now suffer . He who receives more than wonld fall to his share by an equal
allotment , becomes , by that very act , and not by any merit of his own , the rich man ; he ** ho receives less , or aone at all , the poor man . If now the latter require food , fire , clothing , or dwelling , how is he to obtain them ! Raise for me , says the rich man , two bushels of wheat , and you shall have one . Make two fires for me , and ene shall be yours . Prepare two * garments for me , and one thall clothe you . Erect two dwellings , and one -hall protect you from the inclemency of the seasons , and ba to you a home . These , and such . as these , are the terms , on which , only , it is possible for the poor to provide for their wants . It is thus that the same wants are the allies and strong friends ofthe rich ; it is thus also , that , if things are now on their right basis , they ar » the enemies ofthe poor , since they will compel them to sell themselves slaves to their _oppressors . For he , in all countries is a slave , who must work more for another than that other must work for bim .
It does not matter how this state of things is brought ! about ; whether the sword of victory hew down the liberty of the captire , and thus compel him to labor for his conqueror ; or whether the sword of want extort our consent , as it were , to a voluntary slavery , through a denial to us of tlie materials of nature , whieh are the common and equal right of all , and are indispensable te our happiness and even existence , Kbr , although your Committee have applied their reasoning- to the condition of _Englasd , is itless applicable to the origin of property in this State , Whoever consults its history , will find the first appropriation of its soil to bave been as enormously unjust aud unequal as it was in
England near 800 years ago . The ancestors of the Van Kenssellaers , the Be Lancye , the Schuylers , the _Cuyiers , the Cortlandts , tbe Stuyvesants , the Tenbrooks , tbe Beckmans , the Living-tones , & c ., & c , were those who engrossed a very great part of this State , to the almost entire exclusion of the remainder of the population . And that yonr _Committse may not Eeem to exaggerate , they will state that the first named of these gentlemen received at the hands _' of the government more than three hundred _thousand acres , of the best soil which the State afforded , being a tract of twenty-four miles long by twenty-four miles broad ; and of which Albany was and is the centre .
At this time no practical means ef r _< storing the soil to the people had been proposed ; an agitation was , however , got np against the sale ofthe public lands to _speculators . In 1832 , President Jackson in a message to Congress , delivered the following opinion on this question : — To afford every American Citizen of enterprise , the opportunity of securing an INDEPENDENT _FREEHOLD , it seems to me , best to abandon tbe idea of raising a future revenue out of the Public Lands . Surface reforms at tbis period much agitated the public mind ; but the far-seeing portion of the working men kept their eyes fixed upon the land , and the subject was brought under the consideration of a great Convention of delegates from the Trades ' Unions , held in the City Hall , New Tork , in 1834 . From a report and resolutions adopted by that body we give the following extracts : —
"Resolved , That this Convention deprecate tbe system now practised in tbe disposal of the _rublic Lands , because ofits violating tbe inherent rights of the citizen , seeing that the whole of the unseated lands belong unto tbe people , and should not be disposed of to the prejudice of any class of society , each and every citizen having a just claim to an equitable portion thereof , a location upon which being the olny just title thereunto . " Resolved , That tbis Convention would the more especially reprobate the sale of the public lands , because ofits injurious tendency as it affects the interests and
independence of the labouring classes , inasmuch as it debars thtm from the occupation of any portion ofthe same , unless provided with an amount of capital which tbe greater portion of them , who would avail themselves of this aid to arrive at personal independence , cannot hope to attain , owing tbe many encroachments made upon them through tbe reduction ' in the wages of labour consequent upon its surplus quantity in tbe market , which surplus would be drained off , and a demand for the produce of mechanical labour increased , if these public lands were left open to actual settlers . "
Although the question was kept alive by a few patriots , yet nothing of moment appears to have further transpired until the year 1837 , when , at a very large meeting held in the park , New York , _resolutions , < fce ., were unanimously adopted , from which we give the _fbllowingjextracts : — * ' The practice ef reserving the PUBLIC LANDS for the benefit of SPECULATORS and WILD BEASTS , while thousands of Ged _' s children have not where to lay their beads ; and the practice of " stripping every poor man ' s child of his natural , inalienable right to a share ofthe bounties of our common Father , " that he may be compelled to wear out a shortened and degraded existence in the service of sloth and luxury , are subjects that ( should at this rime be considered with serious attention , and acted upom with deliberate caution by our whoht people . * *
... "Resolved , That the PUBLIC DOMAIN should be FREE TO ACTUAL SETTLERS , to the extent of from eighty to two hundred acres _eaeh , SB Congress in hi wisdom might regulate , and -that provision should be made against its going into the possession of any but actual settlers ; ' it being evident a greater revenue might be raised by a direct tax ( the only honest tax ) on such settlers , than could be realixed by sales of the lauds to speculators , without taking into the account the expense that mig ht be saved to tbe country in the building of poor houses and the support of those who are madepanpersby o verstocking every other useful occupation , while that of agriculture is under the present system , necessarily neileited , to the manifestiujury all .
• -Resolved , That , if the banks should leave the government any portion of surp lus revenue , it is worthy of consideration whether it might not be appropriately loaned to those who may have been reduced to porerty by tbe general brmkruptcy ef those institutions , and who may be desirous of effecting a settlement on the public lands , but unable to do so without such assistance . ( 2 b be continued . )
Attempted Suicide Is The Green Park*—On ...
Attempted Suicide is the Green Park *—On Wednesday afternoon , between one and two o clock , a female , respectably attired , about twenty years of age , attempted to commit suicide in the basin in the Green Park ,
Tfomgit An* (Mmu'ai Jnteuinmce*
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France. The Price Of Bread At Paris Was....
FRANCE . The price of bread at Paris was . on Friday , advanced to forty-six centimes the _killo-iram . In Normandy formidable bands of peasantry are scouring the country by night _, and threaten the inhabitants who r fuse to assist them . At St . Valery and Beat * * vais armed mendicants , some of the women dressed in men ' s clothing , were extorting alms . The Duke de Bordeaux has _addressed a letter to tbe Marquis de Pastoret , authorising the latter to open charitable establishments for labour at Chambord and tbe neighbourhood . The National draws a gloomy picture of the state of the country , it says : *—" France , which has lately experienced such cruel calamities , sees this unfortunate year draw slowly to its close in tbe midst of a financial crisis which
reacts upon commerce and manufactures . For some weeks pasta-flairs are embarrassed , money appears to be withdrawn from circulation , credit is restrained and diminished , all the securities quoted at the Stock Exchange are undergoing a progressive depreciation _, and the Bank of France perceives its coffers diminishing in an alarming degree , and it is contemplated to raise the rate of discount , and at the same time to diminish the period at which commercial bills arc at present discounted . All those causes united have profoundly affected public credit _, and it is precisely at this moment that the railroad companies come forward and call on the shareholders for 100 . 000 , 000 . What can we think of a Government so improvident as to abandon to the egotiemof private interes * on action so influential on the affairs ofthe country ?
Forty-seven Spanish Carlist refugees were arrested bv the French authorities , on the 11 th instant , at Xjrbanya , in the _district of Trades . On the 7 th . thc " gendarmerie" of Cariapnne were in pursuit of anober band , most of whom had already crossed the Coursan Bridee . Eight had been sensed . Twentyseven more refugees , including several officers , were arrested on the same day at _Aarbonne .
THE MONEY-MONGERS DESPOTISM CONDITION OF THE PEOPLE . The following is from the pen of an American residing in Paris : — To be an elector , it is requisite tbat a citizen pay a direct property tax of two hundred francs , or forty dollars per annum . To be a deputy , the payment of a tax of live hundred francs , er one hundred dollars , is _neesgary . There are but two hundred thousand voters in France , although the number of male adults is upwards of five millions , and only seventeen thousand in Paris , with a population of nearly a million and a quarter ; When it is considered that the government holds at its disposal a greater number of lucrative offices than the en . tire electoral body is composed of _persons , one may easily
imagine the little chance tbat a Chamber of Deputies can ever be chosen in opposition to " the powers that be . " or possessing the spirit of independent freemen . Every means is taken to keep down the number of voters to the smallest possible limit , and so far is this carried , that taxes were reduced upon certain descriptions of property previous to the late election , for the sole purpose of depriving men of their votes . And this sort of contemptible _fina-nturl gerrymandering was not without its effect , for the person who formerly voted upon the payment of a forty dollar tax upon having it reduced to thirty-eight doUars , lost his privilege . A gentleman informed me that twenty individuals among his acqaintance lost their votes by this single operation . But the restriction of tbe elective franchise , and tbe
corruption so easily practised upon a body of voters embracing in its ranks all the grasping capitalists and avaricious Shylocks of the country , is but a small portion of the evils that press upon kingridden France . The taxes are enormous , pn < ticalarly thoie upon th ** necessaries of life , and press with terrific weight upon the labouring poor . Not a particle of food can enter the city of Paris without first paying a heavy tax in tbe shape of wlwt is called an " atroi duty , " and the consequence is . that meat bears such an _exorbitant price that the poor seldom eat it from one year ' s end to the other . They labour hard and long , with no better food than meagre soup , coarse bread , and a miserable salad . I have seen near the markets , a depository where is carried in large bags , the
refuse provision of the common eating bouses , whieh is purchased by an old hag , a sort of _enijfonwr for the stomach , who retails it out in small quantitles to starving wretches , who eagerly devour the hor . rible mess , which a _respectaole American dog would turn from with disgust . This dreadful destitution Is con . stantly witnessed in a country which maintains a useless standing army of three hundred and fifty thousand men , at an annual expenditure of seventy millions of dollars , and { whose government expends millions more , in repairing and adorning every old relic of despotism and superstion . that time and revolutionary vengeance have not quite _succeeded in crumbling _int- _> _aust . It is fortunate that the _Bastile was totally demolished , or I am convinced that the government would , ere this , have
repaired it , as a safe asylum for those of its subjects guilty of political "ffenees . The garrison of Paris _con-Eists of fifty _thou-und men . ail from the provinces , and a most stupid looking set they are . The Parisian Conscripts are sent to Algiers , or as far as possible . The reason is obvious , they would not fire upon the people There aTe also about eighteen hundred policemen constantly parading the streets , and a " municipal guard * ot some fon _* - thousand troops , chosen from the ranks of the regular army , and whose especial business it is " to keep the people in or'er . " One thing is evident , that though Louis Philippe obtained hie throne inconsequence ofapopularrevolution . be does not mean to lose it by tbe same means , If it is possible to prevent it . Every where you go you may meet soldiers , and they swarm about every place of public resort , as if danger was
constantly to be apprehended to the throne of his " Most Gracious Majesty . " Personal rights are not protected in Prance . A person may be arrested by th » police , thrown into priBon , and detained perhaps a year without being _brought to trial , or informed of the nature of the complaints against him . There is plenty of soeiat Ueense _. but not a particle of politica l -liberty . Neither is there any freedem of trade , either foreign or domestic , but every department of business is fettered by the most ridiculous government regulations . ' A man eannot mine upon his own land , for mining is a government monopoly , and even the poor peasants upon the sea coast cannot filter a little ofthe oce-n water through a rag , to supply one of the prime necessaries of life , because salt is a government monopoly . But I must stop , for the subject is prolific , and I shall weary your patience .
PORTUGAL . THK IN 8 CKKBCTION . Letters from Lisbon of the 10 th , state that a conflict had taken place on tho 7 th between a body of troops and the insurgents near Cintra . The firing lasted for some hours . - A number were killed on both sides . The column of troops first saw the insurgents about a mile this side of Cintra , in quintas or gardens that commanded the road . The Commander attempted to dislodge them by discharging some grape-shot from a field-piece . Not _succeeding , he attacked the position with his infantry . The people retreated after a slight resistance . A furious ten > pe-t , accompanied with lightning and thunder , prevented the troops from brisk pursuit . Thc troops continued their march to San Pedro , a village on the steep hill that must be descended to reach the _village of Cintra . Here the people awaited their
approach in a naturally strong position , to which they had added some defences . The people at this point were about four hundred and fifty . One hundred and fifty were regularly armed . The rest had fowling pieces and swords ; the infantry were ordered forward . They carried the position , but not until they lost one man killed , and five wounded . It seems a very small number for the time that the firing lasted , five hours and a half . The people skirmished as they retreated up the motntain , and were pursued by the troops . They ultimately dispersed in various directions . The Municipal Cavalry charged a part of the people down the steep hill through Cintra , and on to the Marquis of Marialva ' s Ealace . The exact number lost by the people in tiled and wounded is not known . No mention is made ef prisoners . It is told by persons who came from Cintra , that the people desisted from firing only when their ammunition was exhausted .
The progress of the army that left Lisbon , under Saldanha , was slow . Conde das Antas was at Batalha . The leaders of the insurgents are determined to fight obstinately , The Conde das Antas , on receiving the account that the Queen had taken his title and honours , appeared before the troops and people , and said tbat he stood amongst them as a private individual , but even so was resolved to carry them to victory , and that ho would lose his life in the cause of liberty . The enthusiasm of the soldiers and people was great . The struggle will be _eanguinary and tedious .
SWITZERLAND . The Grand Council of Geneva ha ? , after a short discussion , voted in favour of the proposal of the Provisional Government , for the immediate dissolution of the concordat of the Seven Cantons . Nothing , therefore , remains but to communicate this resol ution to the Vorort . The Grand Council ofthe Swiss Canton of Schafthansen has decided by a majority of 43 to 19 , on a revision of the Constitution . Several Austrian regiments have received orders to proceed to the frontier of _Switzerland .
ITALY . A letter from Leghorn of the Yth _, in the Constitutionnel , says ;— " From letters which we receive from the Roman States , it appears that the population of Fano ( delegation of Pesaroand Urbino ) had risen against the Jesuits of the town . A demonstration has ateo , it is said , taken place against the Jesuits at Perusa . A letter from Rome , dated the 8 th inst ., contains some account of there ceremony of the ponesto , which was celebrated on that day . That ceremony , the origin of which ascents to to the early time of the sovereignty of the _Pojesover the city of Rome ,
France. The Price Of Bread At Paris Was....
and reminds the Romans of their former municipal franchises , is more political than _Religious . The Ihanodi Roma published on that day the nominaiion ot three committees , composed of prelaterand laymen , fhe first , including the moat distinguished m _-J _£ _istrates and lawyers in the country , is charged with the reform of the code of criminal and civil jurisprudence . The two others , composed of Roman princes and men possessing great influence by their fortune and talent , arc to devise a plan of ameliorating the municipal system and repressing vagrancy , one ofthe greatest curses of Italy . In the morning , moreover , an edict was published relative to railroads
. All those measures were received with unanimous satisfaction by the population which _congregate d in multitudes at the foot of the capitol , under the triumphal arch of the forum , along the ruins of the Coliseum , and in all the streets and squares through which the cortege of the Sovereign Pontiff was to pass . The Pepe was everywhere cheered with the loudest acclamations . On reaching the gate of St . John of Lateran , the oldest church in Rome , the Pope was presented by the Senator with the keys of the city , the symbol of taking possession of the sovereignty . He then entered the Lodge of St . John of Lateran and bestowed his benediction on the people , who received it with the utmost piety and an enthusiasm impossible to describe .
POLAND . A letter from ihe frontiers of Gallicia , of November A _? I , n ° nnces the annihilation of the last remnant 0 t Polish nationality . The " protecting" Powers having resolved to make an end of the independence of the republic of Cracow , and to sanction its incorporation with the Austrian dominions . The _Augsbnfg Gazette confirms tho intelligence .
UNITED STATES AND MEXICO . The British and North American Royal Mail steam-ship Caledonia , Capt . Lott , arrived at Liverpool from Boston , on Sunday last . There is but little news from Mexico . The principal priests delegated to represent the Mexican priesthood , have consented to raise two millions of dollars towards defraying the expenses of the war , by mortgaging their estates and other property . The merchants in the city of Mexico have raised five hundred thousand dollars , and paid it over to the Government
for the purpose of carrying on the war , and promised an equal amount within the next fifteen days , besides agreeing to keep up a contribution of the same amount once every month . Tlie Americans had captured the brig of war , Malek _Adhel . The officers and crew on board the bri _» being totally unprepared for nn attack , took to their boats , in great confusion , on the appearance of the Americans . Nauvoo is still in trouble . The Mormons have all left , except a tew who are too sick and feeble . The city is under the sway of a lawless set of rioters , whose conduct is most infamous .
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE . Accounts have com © to hand trom tho Cape of Good Hope to the 20 th of September , and from the Eastern Province to the 10 th of September . The Kaffirs were robbing as actively , and , we fear too , almost as _succesfully as ever , having driven off immense _florks of sheep , and a large number of cattle . The English troops having penetrated some disance into the Kaffir country the respective commanders were attempting to draw a sort of cordon around their slippery foes , and it is said that some of the chiefs had made overtures of peace .
The Land For The People. "For Me, For Th...
THE LAND FOR THE PEOPLE . "For me , for thee , for all !" CAUSES OF THE DECLINE AND PALL OF THE ROMAN COMMONWEALTH . ( Concluded from our last number . ) A plebeian named L . Siccus Dentatus spoke therein favour ofthe people with the eloquence of facts . He showed that he had been in military service forty years . During this time he had been present in one hundred and twenty . one battles . He enumerated the wounds which he had received , and the honourable distinction witb which he had been charged , " If it were not known at Rome , " said he , " what my fortune is , would it not be helieved that it is proportionable to my protracted toils t My companions , and myself , have defended the Republic at the hazard of our lives , extended its limits , conquered vast and fertile plains where we do not own the smallest portion , and which are unlawfully possessed
by men without merit , whose pernicious designs only tend to our degradation . " Notwithstanding the eloquence of Siccius , tbe law was again postponed , and shortly after he wm assassinated ! This plan of getting rid of partisans of the people , was not well adapted to conciliate them . They were more patient than couldhave been expected _, but in the end did themselves justice . The case ofthe Decemvirs ought to have startled the senate . Thi = body saw its despotism destroying itself , day by day . It saw that each new injustice impaired its authority . It was on the point of losing the right of dtcreeing the triumph which it had refused to two consuls who were friends ofthe people—but its arrogance was incorrigible _. To subdue this arrogaHce the people employed a violent remedy . * They demanded that the Patricians should be allowed to intermarry with the plebian order , and that plebeans , who were worthy should he admitted to the consulship . The ' _senate _wiis ' _shocked at these dematidedeclared , at first , that they would proceed to the last extremities sooner than consent to them . Yet they finally
consented , and allowed everything to be shared between them and the people except _weaffh . This proves thnt they ware more influenced hy avarice than pride . But to flatter the people for a moment , was not to remove their sufferings , the two causes of wbich , Usury and Poverty , did not cease to afflict them . They again demanded a division ot fhe Linos ov tbe Republic : Camillus opposed himself to tbis and was banished as Coriolanus had been . His exile allowed the 0 aula an opportunity to lay Rome in ashes . These troubles deprived the state of its best support—of those valiant and bold men who being too independent to serve one party ( the senate ) often became the scapegoats and victims of tbe other ( the people ) , It was thus that Manlius was destroyed , and , in the sequel , the Gracchi . The excessive opulence of Rome after the fall of Carthage , and Numantia—the boundless luxury , which the _grandees displayed in th . ir palacei _) , their gardens , and at their tables , rendered the oppression under which the people groaned , more intolerable . To remove some of the most odious fen .
tures of this monstrous inequality the tribune Tiberius Gracchus attempted to renew the law for the division ofthe public lauds . Motives of revenge have been attributed to this tribune , who is , at the tame time , acknowledged to bave been one of the most virtuous of men , but it will soon be seen whether he was moved by this passion . By the law of consul CasBius , no citizen could possibly hold more than 500 arpents of the piratic lands . Gracchus demanded that tbis law should be put in execution . Tbe cause of the people was that of justice , of humanity , and ofthe country . It was even that of tbe rich , considered as 'Citizens , but Gracchus , to give more authority to his proposed law , had the precaution to procure the approval of the moat enlightened and upright men in the Republic—such as Aggripius Clodius , his father-in-law , Mutius Scavelo the lawyer , the sovereign
Pontiff _Crossus—persons who were revered at Rome . He did more , and without availing himself of the influence of their suffrages , he observed in his edict a spirit of gentleness and moderation which' ought to bave appeased the rieh , if avarice ever could be appeased , He unnoun , ced that those who had contravened the laws should not only be unpunished , but that they should not be obliged to restore the revenue , which they had drawn from tbe land , during their possession of it . He added , that whatever the law might retrench from their possession should be reimbursed to them out of the public treasury ; in fact he confined himself merely to a demand , In tbe name of the people , that justice should bo done them for the future ; leaving to those who held the public lands , tbe peaceable possession during tbeir lifetimes , of all which they could not hold consistent with the terms of the law .
But nothing could satisfy the avidity of the rich . They unchained ( deehiantrent ) themselves against Gracchustreated him as a seditious person , and a disturber of tfte ' rpeace , which they termed the " public peace . " It was then that he delivered that celebrated address of which I shall quote some extracts . " The most ferocious beasts , " said he , " have their couches , and their dens , whilst men , who are soldiers and Roman citizens , are compelled to wander to and fro , with their wives and children , without finding a resting place . Is it right that such a number of valiant men should combat with unnumbered perils aud fatigues , for the luxury , the wealth , the gewgaws of their fellow _citizens ! How can the generals who command them—Low can they say , that they'll lead them on , to fight for tbeir domestic altars , and the tombs of their fathers , since not a single one of them has a house , a domestic
altar , nor evtn owns the soil where his father had the right of sepulture ! They term you , " said he , addressing- the people , " the owners of the soil : what owners f TOU do n _» t _posaesa tha smallest portion which you enn use , or on which you would , even , be allowed to erect a hut ; all this , w hile others , without fatigue , and without danger , possess immense domains ! " To these motives he addrd otherB more interesting * , even for avarice itself . The security of possessions . The hope of enlarging them , if those who alone could guard them were not allowed to perish . Every means were brought into operation by this courageous citizen . What was the resuit of his zeal t A few days after this address he was knocked on the head in the capitol , under the eyes of the senate , and by itBorutr—when Sciplo _Nasica , the sorereign Pontiff marched to the attack at the head of the senators . —Seipio died a short time afterward overwhelmed with infamy and remorse .
The murder of Gracchus did uot appease the rage of the great and _-reultliy— -they _Outraged hit corpse , and those of his friends whom they murdered along witb him . They caused his remains to be dragged into the Tiber . One of his friends was enclosed alive in a cask with vipers , This _punichment was invented and inflicted on men who wished to retrench some superfluities from the unbounded luxury of the rich , in order to minister to the wants of the poor . Cains Gracchus , the brother of Tiberius , as virtuous , and still more eloquent , wae , like him , the victim of his zeal for the people and ofthe hatred of the great . Before his death , he had erected the Tribunal ofthe Equestrian order to judge aad punish the crimes of the senators*—a terrible blow to the power and dignity of the senate . The people , who by an inconceivable act of * So considered , though not so in fact .
The Land For The People. "For Me, For Th...
cowardice had abandoned their generous defenders , rt . « covered from their terror , and mote violently hated their tyrants , who had made them tremble . The rostrum , and the Campos Martiui , which until the murder of the Gracchi ' , had never witnessed bloodshed , were them _, selves inundated with gore , and Rome became a slaughter house . It must be seen with what readiness the people reduced to despair wouid deliver themselves to the first one of tbeir rank , who dared to lift the standard of re . volt , or the first patrician who would take them under his protection . Hence so many civil wars , which werf kin iled , as if from the ashes of these men , until the senate and the people wore the same yoke . It lias been
said that the Roman people were not worthy of freedom , but it is plain that the senate was unworthy to rah-. them . Its pride , whieh cast it down , followed it "' its degradation , and , after having shaken the foundation , of the republic , finished the work of its ruin . In proportion as the senate became more odious to the peop le _, it beoame more eager to persecute those of its own order whom the people favoured . According to its maxim , the friend of the people was the enemy of thc state . It was not without reason , that the senate distrusted powerful and popular men . It compelled the people to desire _aaother yoke than its own , but its _restlnes and cruel pride accelerated its own fall instead of retarding it .
Ireland. State Of Tnh Country. Destituti...
IRELAND . STATE OF TnH COUNTRY . Destitution in Gai / Wat . —TIic Rev . F , Kenny , parish priest of Spendal , county of Galway , makes the following statement in a letter to the Freeman ' s Journal . — A poor man of the name of Thomas _Molione , who had been working on the new line of road from Costello bay to Oughterard , was , on his way home from work on Friday evening last , so exhausted from the effects of hunger and fatigue that belaid down and died within eighty perches of his cabin . After a long starch on the following morning , he was found a lifeless corpse beside a rick of turf on the top ef a mountain above his house . I have inquired most minutely into the circumstances of hi * death , and from what has been told me regarding it , my firm conviction is that he has fallen a victim to the causes
already assigned . He was working for the last four weeks on the abovo-named road , striving to earn a miserable subsistence for himself , wife , and -ix helpless children , to accomplish which , he should each morning walk a distance of six Irish miles , through a _wetpathless mountain _, and the same dreary journey back in the evening , after carrying dripping sand on his back during the day , with only one meal , and tbat same a scanty one . I have stuted that he was labouring for the last four weeks on this road—aye , and in cold , and wet , and hunger ; and yet , cruel to relate , he had not received one penny of wages for these four weeks' work up to the moment of his death .
He had neither cow , nor calf , . nor sheep , nor lamb , nor any means of subsistence for himself and family , but his daily labour , which he was enabled to perform through the charity of his compassionate neighbours , who lent him a few stones of oats , which his poor wife ground with a hand-quern into meal . On the morning of Mb death , his wife requested of him to take a little crust of bread with hint , which , aa she said , might keep the life in him till he returned . But the tender-hearted father , who felt more for the wants of his little children than his own , re fused the bread , saying , " Give it to them little ones , I can do without it better than they . "
Plunoer of Flour . — -On Monday _nipht between nine and ten o clock , as Thomas Byrne was brincine two drays loaded with flour , the property of Mr . Kennedy , of Trim , to Dublin , he was attacked by upwards of forty men atthe Cross Keys , seven miles from Trim , who feloniously stole five sacks of flour , which they carefully emptied into sacks and bags of their own , and having impartially divided the contents between them , they departed , and permitted Byrno to resume his journey . —Cork Examiner . Parsonstowi * , Nov . 12 . —Thia county still continues in a disturbed state , and outrage is becomint more frequent every day . If matters progress as they are doing , neither life nor property will be secure . In the middle of the noon-day another outrage has been perpetrated on the public road , by an armed
party . As Mr . Richard Woods _wnsthia day proceeding on a car towards Borrisokane , to pay thc men _employed on the public works , he was stopped by an armed party , about five miles from this town . One of the fellows seized the horse , while the others placed the driver oh his face , threatening him with instant death if he moved . They then dragged Mr . Woods off the car , and searched his pockets , carrying off all the money they could find , whioh _fortunately consisted of half notes only , Mr . Woods having used the precaution of sending the first halves by yesterday evening's post . They then fired a shot or two , and gave him some severe blows on the head and face _, lie was conveyed to town a few minutes since , but his wounds are not considered of a dangerous nature .
Employment of Tnu Pbople . _*—The following extract of a letter from the west of the county of Limerick suggests some rather unpleasant reflections respecting the practicability of the Board of Works being enabled to find employment , even at the present enormous cost to the country , sufficiently permanent to overcome the threatened perils of the present winter : — There are in this barony nearly 4 , 080 men at work , and the payments amount to about £ 800 a week . How this system is to be carried on , I do not see , for even already the engineer is beginning to experience great difficulty in _findinir work for the immen < e numbers he has employed . It may go on for a few months , say two or three , but the idea of keeping up working at roads , new or old , for the
time that will inevitably be required is preposterous . They speak of calling a new sessions here for reproductive works , but the gentry in the country are not in a position to burden themselves individually with the sums which would be necessarily made chargeable on their properties in that way . There is not a labourer employed in the eounty , except on public works : and there is every prospect ofthe lands remaining untitled and unsown for next year . The labourers can earn from li . to Is . 6 d . a day at task-work , and trom the number employed there ought to be no one in want in this barony . But , unfortunately , the relief committees put many persons on their . lists who are not in absolute need of it ; and the consequence in , that there are many families entirely without work , while others are saving money to a considerable extent .
Food Riotb . —Notwithstanding the admonitory letter ofthe Lord-Lieutenant , the peasantry of Clare continue their lawless proceedings with unabated vigour . On Tutsday last a troop of the 8 th Hussars , who had arrived in this town on Saturday , from Tulla , whither they had been ordered in consequence of an apprehended meeting of the peasantry , together with the company of tbe 73 d Regiment at present stationed here , and a number of constabulary , escorted a few loads of corn from this town to the village of Clare , in order to bave it shipped for Limerick , This military escort was deemed necessary , owing to the determined opposition which has been manifested by the people around that village to the shipment of grain ; although they have been informed by Mr . Russell , of Limerick , that he sends much more meal and flour to this town than the corn he takes from
it would produce ; and as Mr . Russell refuses to send in meal aud flour at present in consequence of their impeding the course of his trade , the evil effects of their illjudged policy must fall on the people themselves . Notwithstanding that they have been reasoned with on thc subject , we regret to find that they still seem dispoiud to persevere in their lawless conduct ; so much so , indeed , that even the presence of this military force did not deter the mob from rushing upon the carts laden with grain , and endeavouring to stop their progress . Captain Leyne read the Riot Act , after which the police found It necessary to strike some of the most determined of the mob with tbe backs of their swords , in , order to force them from the cars ; this was at last accomplished , and the loads of grain allowed to make their way to the quay , when it was _discovored that there was no boats to receive it , and they were consequently obliged to convey it back again to this town . —Ennis Paper .
The Limerick Examiner has an account of an outrage of a similar character ;—On Wednesday morning a crowd of people , numbering about 500 , collected at Clonrala , to stop Mr . Deniston _' s meal ear on its way to limerick ; at this time the grand division of the 85 th Regiment was passing through the village , and the bugle had sounded a halt , yet notwithstanding so mi ghty a show of military _pewer , the peopb actually drove the meal back through the ranks of the soldiers . Dr . Kid a incerferred and addressed the people , who as soon as they could hear him cried out unanimously that they would do whatever he desired them ; oi course tbe Doctor advised them to let the corn go on , which they immediately complied with , Mr . Denistoti ' 6 man in charge ofthe car wa 6 very violent , and being told by several tbat he might thank Dr . Kidd that he was let go on , he replied that he did not care for any of them , m the Doctor either—Those who heard this grew furious , and but for the interference of Dr . Kidd would have torn the man to pieces .
The Evening Mail reports that the last accounts from the west of the county of Limerick are ofa more favourable nature , and adds •—The men employed on the public works are taking more freely to taskwork , and the decline in prices has had its effect in showing them the actual _madnesB of their interrupting the corn of their employers in going to market . In one case prices fell 3 d . a-stone in the interval between tbe time wben some cars , loaded with corn , from the neigbourliood of Ballingarry , were stopped on their way to the mills of _Carass , and the time whin the country people nllowed it to be sold . The disposition to Obtain arms Still exists , and there is no security for property . A letter from Clonmel _, thus describes the state ol affairs in tbat part of Tipperarv : —
"la this vicinity , " says the writer , "tbe small farmers have universally left their holdings , and are employed as stewards over the road gangs in distant parts ofthe county ; the consequence i _» , no land is bring prepared for the reception of wheat , and if tbe _yfesent favourable season be allowed to pass by without sowing that crop , what will be our prospects this time next year « Indeed , agricultural business is altogether given up , and men who held io or 12 Irish acres are actually _scramb . ling for lOd . a-day , breaking stones In lieu of _digging their fields . As usual , tho most deserving of relief do
Ireland. State Of Tnh Country. Destituti...
not get employment , recommendations being given by ihe larger farmers to get rid of those characters who are most troublesome . In the midst of all this apparent distress , when we are told the labourers have not where * withal to purchase sustenance , the sale of firearms of all descriptions has increased to an alarming extent ; not only the gunmakers , but the hardware Bhops in this town , are driving a brisk trade in the commonest description of Ions and pistols . Farmers' boys , who are now working on the roads at " 2 d . less than the average wages of th _» distri ct" [ vide Treasury minute ) , are weekly buying guns * at £ i 58 , each , and pistols at 10 j . I baveknown , within the l ast few days , a labouring man to make a purchase of four guns ; in fact , tho entire population is now armed , and we may expect a winter of robbery and violence ,
Dublin , Nov . 15 . —There is but little intelligence of any interest to be gleaned from the few provincial papers which reached thisday . The scant information they furnish _is , __ however , upon the whole satisfactory , as evidencing the gradual subsistence of the panic . Corn and provisions of all kinds are becoming more abundant , and , greatly to the _satisfaction of all _partico , save one , the speculators and hoarders are likely to be the sufferers in the combination to uphold the market prices of food beyond their natural level . .
The public works are progressing so rapidly , that new presentment sessions must speedily be bold to afford other means of employment ; and the gentry , becoming alarmed at the heavy taxation , are exerting themselves very strenuously to make arrangements for drainage and other productive works , on such a scale as to absorb all the destitute persons requirine employment . . ¦ Still there are some very painful reports of destitution , * and , even in this severe _season emigration is in progress from some western ports . Those who have the means of paying their ¦ passage across the Atlantic , prefer even a winter voyage to the prospect of _remaining in their native country at such a period of unprecedented distress . Tnu Public Works . —It appears by the latest returns , that the persons employed under tho Board o £ Works now _amo-mt to 150 , 000 , and that they are distributed amongst one hundred and fifty different localities .
Irish RAiLWATS . —The Anglo Celt , a Cavan paper , contains the following : — "We have received an important Treasury . memorandum to the effect , that the Treasury will , on the recommenda » tion nf the Board of Works , sanction loans for the earth works ( only ) of railways , for which Acts of Parliament bare been obtained , under the 9 th and 10 th Victoria , e . 107 . But the following conditions must be complied with : —The loans are to be made on the baronies on the security of their presentments , and not to the company _. The company must be in actual possession ofthe land through which the railway is to pass , or must give security that they will be so before the works begin . The company must give _socurity to the barony for tbe halfyearly repayment of the advances , with interest . Nowork : to be presented for which cannot be completed by Aueust next . '
These conditions are considered so stringent that « ia probable that ttey will not be complid with to any great exfent . State op the Repeal Fond . —Some very instructive revelations respecting the state of the Repeal _exchequer have made their way into the Evening Mail . They are substantially correct , and being so , ire especially recommended to the perusal of the impertinent clamourers for a publication " of the disbursements of the enormous sums of money swallowed up between the years 1843 ' and 1846 : — At the meeting nf the finance committee of the Repeal Association on Wednesday last , the sum of £ 200 , being the subscription ofthe association to the monument intended tobe erected to the late Mr . Thomas Daviswas submitted for final auditing , in order to its discharge .
Mr . Steele , hend pacificator , & c „ opposed its payment _. The Young Ireland party ( thought this immaculate pa * trio' ) had disentitled the memory f their _appostle to any testimony of esteem from a great moral force party such as that association . The Liberator ( after some altercation on both sides ) , rose and made the following remarkable observations , which we will not venture to comment upon , as commentary would bent the last degree impertinent : — . fhe Liberator . —I disagree with my beloved friend , Steele , In _saggesting political considerations on a
question of this kind . Itis purely financial , and should be so treated , and . for tbat reason alone , I suggest with very great humility that its consideration be postponed for a few days , until my accounts , as the trustee and treasurer of the association , be wound up . They are very nearly completed , and although I cannot speak with certainty , as to one hundred or two , still I bave no doubt that I shall be able to sithfy you that the Repeal Association is in my debt to the extent of £ 600 to £ 700 on a general balance . I think , under such circumstances , you ought to be just before yon are generous . The finance committee have adjeurned » ine die .
Another _Journev to DABRr _** _A" _** E . — -According to the present arrangement , Mr . O'Connell—by the advice of his medical advisers , it is said—will leave Dublin for Davrynane in the course of ten days' or a fortnight—further abstinence from political excite _^ ment being deemed indispensable in the present state ofthe honourable and learned gentleman ' s health . No time can be fixed for his probable return to town . . ¦ ' Further reductions take place from this date in , the staff of Conciliation Hall , the services of several clerks being no longer deemed necessary . What else could be expected when the Association is indebted to Mr . O'Connell to the tune of " say" £ C 00 . '•
Repeal Association . —At the usual weekly meeting of this body , on Monday last , Mr .. O'Connell entered into a long defence of himself as a landlord , against a certain false and libellous paragraph which had appeared in tbe Times newspaper , copied , he believed , from the Cork Examiner and . Dublin Packet , in which his tenantry at Cahirciveen were represented as in a state at once of starvation and niu . tiny . This , he ( Mr . O'Connell ) altogether denied , it was utterly untrue . The learned gentleman then entered into a long add boastful detail of his numerous generous and charitable acts towards his dependants . He had expended between three and four hundred pounds within the last fortnight , in
contributing to the relief of his Cahirciveen tenants ; , and he expected to be able to carry them all over the pending difficulties without any great sacrifices . Mr . Steele made a long oration directed entirely against Mr . Smith O'Brien and the Young Ireland part ) . He now _questiened Mr . O'Brien ' s descent from Boirhome . Mr . O'Connell was , in his view , the Newton of political science . George the Fourth was a "royal reptile . " * At this period of the proceedings , the Right Rev , Dr . Browne , the Roman Catholic Bishop of Elphin , entered the Hall , and was loudly cheered . He was placed on the bench next to Mr . O'Connell . who received the Rev . Gentleman with the greatest obeisance , and humbly kissed his hand !!
AMEKICAN MOKET . Mt \ O'CoNNKii announced subscriptions from America , the chief of which was one of £ 200 from the repealers of Boston . ( Great cheering . ) The Right Rev . Dr . Browhb was deputed , ho said , by a preponderating majority of the Catholic prelates and of the priesthood generally , to express his and their unaltered and unalterable attachment to Mr . O'Connell and his peace-anting principles . The Doctor covertly attacked the Nation newspaper aa essentially " infidel , " and denounced the Young Irelanders with great emphasis . At the conclusion of his speech , Mr . O'Connell proposed three vast "hurrahs" for the Bishop of Elphin , which were given accordinglv _.
Mr . Curtis , barrister , announced a sum of £ 83 from the Roman Catholic Bishop of Waterford and eighty-two of his clergy . ( More cheering , ) Mr . O'Connell ( to the upper galleries _)^* I will tell you a secret , and there ' s _enough of you thereto keep it— " I do not care twopence for the Young Irelanders , " ( Laughter . ) After some more of the same wretched stun , the rent for the week was announced to be £ 3 * 72 3 s . 2 d ., including , of course , the £ 200 from America , and the proceedings terminated . County Armagh . —The Rev . John _M'Cansland , in a letter addressed to the editor of the Armagh Guardian , states that on going up to his church ( _Killilea ) on Sunday morning , he found the following notice posted on one of the pillars of the churchyard gate . He expresses his belief that the document did not emanate from any of the inhabitants of the immediate neighbourhood : —
ATTEND TO TBIS . "Fellow Countrymen—Every thing that the farmer was wont to call his own is now perished under the clod —The chriBis bas came _n-hen the would be mighty onei ofthe earth must know the are but men they need not they dare not attempt to ask what the people are unable to pay— -We hear daily of public meetings and the deliberations of landlords—this is all fudge—they are but foxes deliberations for the best method of preserving the geese . let landlords , if thty deserve the name , come forward like men and save the country from ruin the people if . the J keep anything to save them from starvation can only paj one third of the rent they paid in former years—Let them rack renters ( and I call all by that name -who ask otherwise than as stated above ) Remember that he that Withholdeth from man his bread Withholdeth from him hU life and the blood is the life thereof . Let landlords take warning in time .
let all their bom bailiffs fear and tremble and _remeni ' ber what wae once written
KILLING NO MCBDEB . LThe remainder of the notice cannot be ' deciphered , in consequence ofits being torn , It refers to " blood or bread , and signed— "Preserver . " ] On Monday night , as four men were returning home from a wake , they heard a noise as of chains rattling , and supposing it to have been a fettered horse , which had fallen into a drain , they went to render assistance , and startled a party of robbers who were ripping corn from a stack belonging to Mr . Holland , of _Armaghbrague , county Armagh , and who immediately decamped .
County CLARB . —Last week another horse was shot at Carahan , within a short distance of the police barrack , the property of Mr . J , P . Molony , of Cregg , q %
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 21, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_21111846/page/7/
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