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T A R tools Jaotaht 99, 1S48. ^ THE N0RT...
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ftotti'iK *V% -. ^£
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SOSGS FOR TUE PEOPLE. ¦ WE WILL BE FREE....
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ABD-EL-KADER AT TOULON; OS , TBE CAGED H...
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Tir -E WESTMINSTER AND FOREIGN QUARTERLY...
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Simmonds's Colonial llagazine. January. ...
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The Family Herald. Part 56. London: G. B...
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The Miners' Journal—January. Edited and ...
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The Republican. No. 1, 2, 3, London: J. ...
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Reduction in Wages; its cause and effect...
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CorresponUnim
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FRATERNITY—THE BEST DEPESCEOP NAT10N3
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THE LAND COMPANY. TO THE EDITOR OF THZ N...
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TO THE CHARTISTS AND MEMBERS OF THE NATI...
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TO THE MEMBERS O F THE NATIONNALXAND COM...
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THE FRENCH INVASION. TO TBE ISIT.1B OF T...
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THE NATIONAL DEFENCES. TO THB BDITOS 07 ...
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THE LAND. TO THS EDITOB OF TUB tlO-RTHBB...
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The Land.—A market gardener has taken -v...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
T A R Tools Jaotaht 99, 1s48. ^ The N0rt...
_Jaotaht 99 , 1 S 48 _. _^ THE N 0 _RTHERfj g T A R - _^ I " " ' ' _^^^^^^^^!^^^^ _* _mammaBas _^^ ' _*^ m _' _* _^ _T _* axmm _^^ _*** _a' » 'B _»* tma * _mtmi*— _-s _***— _.. lr _-. _¦¦¦¦ _rfrni ¦ _¦ ¦»¦¦ ¦ _, ¦ _T-wrsarns- _'l-ii— inn — _ttit-i ¦¦ _. m - « _--J-i _.-si _« _tew _« _iiin « k _^^» _wiftr > _iv _««
Ftotti'ik *V% -. ^£
_ftotti'iK * V % _-. _^ £
Sosgs For Tue People. ¦ We Will Be Free....
_SOSGS FOR TUE PEOPLE . ¦ WE WILL BE FREE . . _Bsse oppressor . * , leave yonr slumbers ! Listen to a station ' s cry _T Hark ! united , counties ? numbers Swell the peal of agony ! Lo , from Britain ' s son * and daughters , In the depths of misery _. Like ' the sound ot canny water ! , ' Come * the cry—• We will ba free . ' Tyrants quail!—the dawn ii _brtakiog—Dawn of freedom's glorious day ! De-pets on their thrones are quaking-Iron bands ara giving way ! _KiugSfaft _, priestcraft , black oppression Cannot bear enr scrutiny ! We have learnt this startling lesson'If we will we can be free I '
By our own—our children ' * _ChAXTES , By the fir « within aur Tsins , — By each truth-attesting martyr , — By their tears and _graaas aad pains , — By oar rights by nature given , — By the voice of liberty . — We proclaim before h _« "h heaven , That' toe must , tee trill be free I ' Winds and waves the tidings carry ! Spirits in youp stormy car Winged with lightnings , —do not tarry ! Bear the newt to lands afar I Tell them , —sound the thrilling story Loader than tha _tbnader's glee , — ¦ That a people ripe for glory _. Are determined to be free I J . A . _Leatseblakd .
Abd-El-Kader At Toulon; Os , Tbe Caged H...
ABD-EL-KADER AT TOULON ; OS , TBE CAGED HAWS . Ko mon , _tiran lit & _a end _Ioag _' _-eliised hawk , of _deierHift for thee ; Xo more acrots tbe sultry sands shalt thou go swooping free : -Blunt idle talons , idle beak , with spurning of thy chain , Shatter against thy cage the wing thou ne ' er mayst spread again _. Long , sitting by tbeir watchfires , shall the Kabyles tell the tale Cf thy dash from Ben Halifa on the fat _tlettdja _' _vale ; How thou _swept'st the denrt over , bearing down the wild El Riff , 2 ? ram eastern Beni Salab to western Oude Sholif :
How thy white _bnrnsus went streaming , like the _stennrack o ' er the sea , Ti'hen thou rodest in the vanward of tbe _iloeri-h chivalry ; How thy _raxna was a whirlwind , thy onset a simoom , Hew thy _swerd-sweep was the lightaiog , dealing death from out the gloom ! -Kor less quick to slay in battle than in peace to spare aad save , Of brave men wisest tounclllor , of wise councillors most brave ; How the eye tbat flashed destruction coald beam gentleness and lore , How lion in thee mated lamb , how eagle mated dove !
_Arsikd not or steel op shot 'gainst that charmed life seenre , Till cunning France , ia last resource , _tosnd up the golden lure : Aad the carrion buzzards ronnd htm stooped , faithless , to the cut , And fhe wild hawk of the desert is caught and caged at last . "Weep , maidens ef Zerifah , above the laden loom ! S * ar , chieftains of Al Elmah , your cheeks in grief and gloom ! Sons of tbe Beni Snazam , throw down the useless lance _. And stoop your necks and bare your backs to yoke and scourge of France ! 'Twas not in fight they bore him _dswn ; be never cried aman ; Henever sunk his _swerdbefore the Prince of _Franghistap ; But with traitors all around hia , his star upon the
wane , He heard the voice of Allah , and hB would ao . stiive in vain . They gave bim what be asked tbem ; from king to king he spake , Ai out that plighted ward and _etsl not kaoweth hot ? to break : 'Lit me pass fr _^ m out my deserts , be ' t mine own choice where to go , I brook no fettered life to live , a captive and a show . ' Aad tbej premised , and be trusted tbem , and proud and calm he came , Tfpon his black mare riding , girt with his sword of fame .
Good steed , good sword , bs rendered both unto the Frankish throng ; He knew them false and fickle—but a _Priaee ' s word is strong . How have they kept their promise J Turned they tke vessel ' s prow TJato Acre , Alexandria , as they have sworn e ' en now ! 2 iot " _' - > ; from _Oran northwards tbe white sails _gieeta and glance , And the wild hawk of tke desert is borne away to France _« _tviere Touloa ' s white-walled lazaret looks southward o ' er the wave , Sits he tbat trusted in the word a son of Louis gave . Oa , noble faith of noble heart ! And . was tbe warning
, Ths text writ by tbe Bourbon in tbe blurred black book of Spain ? Zaey hare need ef thee te * gaze on , thsy hare need oi th . ee le , graee The triumph of the Prince , to gild tbe pinchbeck of their race . _TTcrdc are but wind , conditions must be construed by Gaisot ; Dash out thyh _^ art _, thoudestrth & rT _^ eratboaartmadea show ! Punch .
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Tir -E Westminster And Foreign Quarterly...
Tir _-E WESTMINSTER AND FOREIGN QUARTERLY REVIEW . January . London : G . Luxfbrd _, Whitefriars-street . ( Concluded from our last . ) The principal article ot the present number is entitled ' History and Exposition of the Currency Question . ' The article , which includes a chronological history of the currency is too lengthy for cornsent in the space to whieh we must limit this sot-ice . 4 Bribery at Elections' meals the corrupt character of tee present electoral class . The reviewer truly says that the present electoral qualification is ' the most absurd standard of fitness the perversity of human reason ever devised . ' Yet he refuses to accord bis support to those who would Make manhood and not bricks and mortar the qualification for
_posesssing the franchise . Apparently acknowledging the justice of Universal _S-jflra _^ e in the abstract , he _i _^ _ards the _establishment of that suffrage as too Utopian for present struggles . His remedy for electoral _corruption is not very evident . The moral _iaflaeEce ofsome _association calling itself the 'Anti-Bribery Society , ' amjoined with the abolition of the property qualification for members of Parliament , appear to be relied upon by the reviewer for _working a niuch-needed reformation in the electoral class . We cWesswe have no faith in any such asserted remedy . The reviewer draws together a number of startling facts from the report of Mr Roebuck's committee in 1812 - , these we pass over , but we mast make room for the following well-authenticated statements illustrative of the virtue ef the tenpounders ia the general election of 1817 .
THB COUUM _KIDS-M-CLASS . As a fitting proIo ; ne to the darkerscenes of tha el ec torsi drama , bere is a specimen of tha catechetical _process to which aspiriag legislators are subjected in pur * and _enlightened constituencies . The following dialogue is eiven in the * Illustrations of ths general election of 3817 ' on the authority of the leading actor , one of the aspirants for the sweet voices of the electors of _Stafford — < f * > i > "DATB . —Why , gentlemen , I expected to meet many of my friends here , _andtomahe myself better known to them . ' Fiest _Blectob . —True , sir ; and we wish to know sorr . etl . ing also ofyos . ¦ _aicoKD _Eticrcu . —How mach do you mean te ' Ca _^ disate . —Hew much do I mean to give ! _Fixst Edectob ( wkh surprise ) . ' -Surely , sir , yon never expect to get in for Stafford without paying !
• _Candidate . —Without _payiag ! Why , gentlemen , that i » -. _oTOrlgfet 6 rib « y . B « side « , how could it be done ! I should certainly he unseated . « First Elect a . —Oh , we manage things here better than that ! If the fear of being _foand out is all that _d » ters yoa from coming to terms , we'll soon let you know how to get over that . _Cakdidatb . —How im I to get over it ! - p , Est _Eltciob ( fa o ichisptr ) . —There is a particular -waU'donn the way . From this wall wehsre only , to _taie ont a brick . Through thia hole you hare only to _p"i so many sovereigns into every hand presented there , and well manage the rest . '
It is sati-faetory to hear that _^ the honourable _candlgate did _notplay _hispartin the Fyramus and ThiBbe _Casbion , which is attested by the fact that he is not M . P . for Stafford , It it stated on the authority ofa respect * 1 ) 1 » j ournal , that not only was bribery on a large seale contemplated , but openly practised . ' On one of the ¦ banners at _Siafford appeared the very significant motto of « Pree trade in gold ; ' and fer _wabt of a convenient bole in the wail , _? was temporarily erected for the _psrpos- of paying _theelectorsastbey voted , by one can-< _iia-ite - those who voted for another were paid at the ¦ hop of a ba tcher . Whatever might be the offences of S" 'bury iu fr , ig respect , we conceive that they never es _ciT-aed those of Stafford . ' In the City of London , bribery is states , and with seme show of truth , to have hs-a en a _whoUaale scale . Days before the election
Tir -E Westminster And Foreign Quarterly...
tools place it was boldly announced that the « long shot 9 men' were secures , that the liberals would be returnedand that one of them had estimated his outlay at £ ¦ 25 , 000 . Rumour says the election did cost the indlvi . dual the sum named , on the lowest calculation , and when it it stated that his share of the _'^ iKr-afe expenses of the election ought not to have exceeded . £ 1 , 000 , how * r we to account for tbe expenditure of the balance The _ffsi-ciT Times _statiB the following feet , on the authority of a _correspondent : — . 'It ii well known that , at the late election for the county of Middlesex , the Tory candidate was vastly li . _bn-alin providing conveyances to the polling . _placee in all parts of the county ; but it is not generall y _known tbat he or bis oomtnittee win * a step farther' e g an electer , whom I must designate as A . B ., though ' not more than two miles distant from his residence at any time fur weeks before and after the election , actually re . ceived travelling expenses as if he had journeyed from _Edinburgh to vote !' . <• . . ___ . _
At ths Lticcsi er election certain doubting electors found _sovereijns in the bottoms of their cups of _cofwe . From Cheltenham we have load _raraours of indictment , and all the pains and penalties of the law . At Wallingford , op . n accusations of bribery have been made against the friends of the unsuccessful candidate . At a dinner re . eeatly given to the sitting m * mber , some of the parsons to whom bribes were offered were present , and stated these disgraceful facts . Richard Seale , an hoaest working man , declared tbat while at labour in the fields , _persons came to him aad tried to put money into his pocket , but he would not have it . and the money fell to the _ground . « I t would never , ' added the poor man , * have been divulged by me , but _sosae persons that were present gleaning in the field , saw It , and they divulged it . ' Mr Grautley Berkeley openly stated at a meeting in Glou . _cester , that he had seen everything at the election for the western division of that county that could prove bribery SHd _corruption .
'We have bad . * he said , * compliments to the ladies , sovereigns put into the tea inBtead ef sugar , and Into tbe wash-tab instead of soap , and cabbages beught at any pries ( Cries of 'Ten pounds ! Fifteen pounds !*) , and we have had ene man corning to the poll and plumping for me , but _sayiag , There are fifteen sovereigns I hive rte . ivedtoTote against _jon _. ' Topin the show of hands , it cast the Lord Lieutenant £ 808 , and he lost it by twenty to one . I saw tenants and old servants driven to tbe polling-booths , as if they were the shambles of a slaughter-house ; and many a half-suppressed curse did f basr frem the lips of many an old man as he passed up to t ! se place of the murder of his oeasclenoe in the vote he was _sb-sut to give—a curss muttered upon the man wh _» sent him there to vote against me . '
The gloomy aspect of these crimes is occasionally re . _Hered by a glimpse ofburaour . 'Wears told that at tba Preston election , an independent individual , who valued hi < electoral stake in the country at the sura of t _* n pounds , refused to go to the poll till fee was paid . < But for oneo , the old _prover- > of th * bird in hand was caught tripping ; a skilful agent secured the rote , but paid for it with a note drawn upon the ' Bank of El-gance . ' There are a few illustrations of the respectable Bourgeoisie — the _tr-acle-sellinj , _tapB-measurinsj _, cheating » and lying shopocracy;—the eentry who turn ap their noses at the Chartists . Verily these
_hucksterers—political and moral , as well as socialare the vilest class in existenw ; as corrupt aa tbey are notoriously ignorant , insolent and fawning very 'flunkies ' . to the classes above , and very tyrants to the classes below them . Of all plagues , from the rule of a _sovereign pro 5 tocracy * Good Lord deliver ns V With all that tha reviewer says concerning ths _indefensiblenesa of a property-qualification for members of the Legislature we heartily concur ; but why not go a little further—why not' go the whole hog , 'acknowledge the People ' s Charter and proclaim its necessity ? Thera is no other remedy for bribery at elections .
An article on ' Nelson ' s Despatches' contains—to our thinking—a very lame attempt at exonerating Nelson from the cdinm justly , affixed to his name for his share in the murder of Caraccioli . We are _sur _« nrised at the tone of this article , considering the Radical character of the Westminster , Nelson , even according _> o his apologist's showing , was a bigotted and brutal supporter of kingcraft in its bloodiest form . Tho reviewer thinks that the ' conqueror of the Nile' was very badly treated in having m \ i y £ 2 . 000 a year allowed him eut of the taxes _; of course the reviewer says nothing about tbe poor _fellowa wbo served at the guns—not a word for these * brave but poor men . ' This is a queer sort of Radicalism ! The article on ' Popular Colleges' claims , and shall have , a more extended notice than we can afford it at present .
Turning again to the' Foreign' portion of this num . ber , wa must express our total dissent from the article on'Switzerland and its Condition . ' We have on more than one occasion fully set fort hour views on the Swiss question , which views need not be repeated bere . After a laboured defence of the Sonderbund , the reviewer is after all constrained to wind up with the admission ' that the state of society In the old can * tons , no-v overthrown , was one of utter stagnation , wholly incompatible with the best interests and the noblest tendencies ef the human ta ? e . ' The following from the Italian correspondence of the Westminster , exhibits the popular opinion in Tus _. cany as regards
THS JESUITS . The youth of Italy , feeling convinced that it is _thair most solemn duty to seek , in every possible way , the improvement of education , and the development of the national and _soeial virtues , because without them Italy can hardly hope to take ag 3 ia hor plaee amongst the nations , and certainly not maintain it with dignity and power ; _convinced also that the first foundation of such virtues can belaid only _throu-h the watchful _tenieraess of goo 4 mother * , —propose the foll « wing resolutions _;—' 1 st , That the undersigned youths pledge themselves on their honour , net only not to unite themselves by matrimonial ties with any ladies educated directly or indirectly *» y the Nuns of the Sacro Caore , but also neither
with tho « e whom tiey kaow to b _« _ttraneeted vrllh persons subject to , or dependant on , er affiliated to the company of ths Jesuits , nor with those who are _uader the spiritual direction of the fathers of the otdtr . Sad . That the guardians of tha register , containing tbe names of tbe yonths who hava taken the abore mentioned pltdge , shall be required , if any one forfeit his pledge , to publish his naraa snd deed , in any of the _journals most widely circulated throughout the peninsula , whereby he may be branded , in the face of ah Italy , as one having forfeited bis boaour _. ' From another letter from Italy , we quote the following description of __ the popular enthusiasm on the occasion ofthe establishment ef
THE TCSCAS _CCABD . You will be interested with an account of the festive celebration of the establishment of a National Guard in that city , which gives a lively picture of the manner in which the spirit newly awakened in Italy manifests itirlf . 'In the evening , ' says the writer , ' there was great _excitim nt manifested at the theatre . Tbe Ptrjola wis entirely illuminated with wax lights , and , for fear of fire , it had been ordered tbat no flags should be admitted , hut tha ladies , nevertheless , contrived to introduce them hidden under their shawls . There was to be a concert , but th <; music could not ba heard for the incessant' _/ _iras . ' After tho first piece , tbe Overture to William Tell , aery was raised of ' The Banners ! The Banners ! ' _ani immediately tha ladies product d tlieir little flags , and the singers dragged in the gr at ones through a window , and set them up in the pit , and , in a moment , the whole area of the theatre was covered with tbem .
* Hoarse as was the public throat from shouting th _« whole day , it immediately 6 et op a cborus in which ladies and all joined . Then this piece and tha other was called for without any regard to tha programmethe _siugiTi holdiDg _handkerchiefs of the same colours bs the _prt-at flag , the Italian reel , white and green , and the band , at every tiro , hoisting their hats up with their instruments . _'Evoiita telega Italiona ; evohal ' tmione . ' ( long live the Italian league ; long live the union ) ; and then ' lega'c i _fazzolelt } ., ' ( tie the handkerchiefs together ) , and in another minute , handkerchiefs and scarfs aad shawls were fastened together , toz to box , tier to tier , down into the pit , right and left , _acrots and acroBB , from bench to beach , till all were united by these brotherly bonds , aad then began bellomag , for I can call it no-thing else .
' Some one now espied in one of the boxes the Prince _Ponis tow ski , and immediately there was aery tbat he should sing a song , and , after a little negotiation as to what he should sing , it being decided for a hymn , _hs complied , and gave us a hymn ia magnificent style ; the theme was of pouring out one ' s blood for liberty , of resisting tyrants , of being ready to obey the call to defend Pius , tbe ambassador of God , for the salvation of Italy , After each vene there was a shout of ancora . and then tbe whole theatre reared tbe verse again , Some of the Evoivas were curious enough , for instance , * Evoivan I _fusili _, evoivan le nostra _tciaboli , evoivan 50 pezzi dl canone evoivan i _nostri frate $ i martiri di Sicilia , evoiva la nostra Lombardia , tnorte a Jesuiri , _abasso i nemui d ' Italia , ie . ' ( long live oar mnskets , long live our sabres , the 50 pieces of artillery , long live our bretbrsn the martyrs of Sicily , long live onrJLombardy , death to the Jesuits , down with the enemies of Italy , & c . ) ; at last they began in ths pit to dance with ths flags—and thus ended the so-called concert .
' The whole town was illuminated , and the joyful tumult in the streets , even aftrr _midnight , is hardly to ba described . The soldiers marched about the streets with drums beating , and embraced every one tbey met ; the vivas went on without a moment ' s cessation . One drew his sword and cried ' -Let ns swear upon this sabre that we will fi _^ bt fir onr Lombardian brothers . ' Some cried ' Etoka il Decembre , 1846 '— the day on which the Austrian * were driven from Genoa . Every oae spoken to was addressed as a brother . No one hesitated to ad . dress perfect strangers . One would call out evoiva t and
the other mmt rep ly and wave his handkerchief . All carriages and _diligtncee were provided with _flags—^ e passen _.-ers _cominft into the town shouted' Evoivan i noslri fratelli Fiorcnlini , ' and the cry was echoed by * £ coir ; dn i nostri fratelli Bomagnesi '—or where * er they happened to come from . With all this tumult , however ,-there was the most perfect order ; no pushing nor struggling , no disputing , no thsft or any kind of misdemeanour among this mass of men , under no restraint whatever from either military or police . Thus happily ended the festival , and now we bave to think of work . Ia ev « y open space , not onl y men ( including m onks )
Tir -E Westminster And Foreign Quarterly...
b ut women , are learning their exercise . The convents have offered _theirhalls for similar purposes ; they are also making subscri ptions for tbe equipment ot troops , _bbu bave declared that at the summons of Pope Pins the 9 tb , ths monks will all march to his defence . ' Glory to the Tuscans—the pioneers ef their country ' s redemption . Glory and victory to the Italians . It they are but true to themselves , Austria ' s threats or blows will be alike vain . A mass of _awcellaneous notices concludes this number , which as we have intimated contains several very valuable contributions . It is unnecessary to repeat the titles of tbe articles which bave failed to obtain our approval .
Simmonds's Colonial Llagazine. January. ...
Simmonds ' s Colonial llagazine . January . London : Simmondsand Co ., Barge Yard , Backlerabury . Twelve volumes of thia magazine are now complated , tbe whole forming an invaluable collection of colonial information . The present number commences the thirteenth volume , and contains a namber of ably-written articles of even more than average utility and interest . The opening article should be read bv all intending to emigrate , placing as it does the 'Capabilities of Western Canada' in a striking light , and containing many useful , and , we think ,
trustworthy hints to intending settlers . The article entitled' The English Rajah ef Sarawak' eives many _interesting particulars of the life and exploits ofjthat celebrated Briton . Mr Brooke , it appears , is a native of _Ciombe Grove , near Bath , and was born in 1803 . In his youth he was engaged in the military service of the East India Company . Circumstances having induced him to quit : that service , he turned his attention to Borneo , then almost unknown tu Europeans . The death of his father having left him in possession ofsome property he set _aboufe realising his _loBg-considered plans :
Being now in s position t _» act entirely independent of any , he , nowise d » unt § d by his former failure , r » - solved to purchase a smalt _vesiel and tempt ths difficulties of the undertaking alone and unaided . The yacht Royalist was tha ship in which Mr Brooke determined on attempting this . Equipping litr ooxnpljtdy _, and manning her with & choice crew , he set sail on a _voysga of experiment which _lastsd a consider _, able period . He visited the Grecian Isles a * . d many other places , among which ; was the Troai , tbe scene ol Homer ' s battles , and having put the qualities of his yacht . to a severe test , be at _1-ngth left _England again , aad turned tbe bows of hia little vassal towards that vast ocean ; studded with those wild and unexplored it . lands whose beautiful and verdant shores had so favour _, ably impressed his imagination while firot steering to tbe further east . A _presperous and speedy voyage in duo time brought up the Royalist at anchor Sn tbe mouth of the Sarawak river , near the centre of bis philanthropic operations , whose results are destined to extend over
so wide a space , and te influence the fate of so many millions of our hitherto neglected fellow creatures . . Fortunately for the future success of his plane it hap . pensd that a rebellion had juit then broken out in one of the provinces under the ruts of Muda H « 8 sim , then viceroy of thi Sultan of Bruni , This chief , _feariBg lest his power should totter , applied for _aieisUnce to tba white man from the far west . Mr Brooke appears , front the first , to bave conceived an extraordinary attachment for thia uncultivated , and , as it afterwards proved , unhappy native prince , whose ebaracter _, from all we have heard , must upon the whole have been amiable .
Mr Brooke listened to the _Rush ' s overture ) , and a _* r _* ed to lend his assistance , stipulating , however , that justice and mercy should be accorded to tha rebels , and started up tbe Sarawak river at the head of all the Rsjah ' s disposable forces , which were soon _augmented by reinforcements from various quarters . Tbe appearance of this _Boravon army on the march must hxve been motley and grotejqae fa the extreme . The hundred Malays , 0 f whom fifty possessed muskets , while the rest carried whatever weapons they could procure ; the two hundred Bornebns , with their hujfe q . iilted jackets , and the same number . ef Chinamen , iorty of wham were artaed with long thin iron tubes , which , when bronght into play , were loaded with a large qaantity of loose ponder and singe , and rested on tbe shoulder of a com * rade . Tke others bad a few muskets , spears , swords , and shields ; and with this mighty host Mr Brooke took _befieldagainsta rebellious army .
After narrating the principal eventa of this _« little war / the writer says—speaking of the _insurgent-i _. At length , perceiving tbat Mr Brooke was not a man to be daunted by any difficulties , they surrendered with _, out holding one for terms , which , no doubt , aided in inducing Muda Haulm to listen to the arguments of his Sngliih ally in favour of mercy . He granted the rebels tbeir forfeited lives , and Sarawak was once more res . tored to peace . By the performance of a service of so much value and importance to the Rajah , Mr Brooke won his highest regard , and obtained great ascendancy ever his mind , _inasmuch that , after _varlom negotiations and conferences , Muda _Hassim profored the cession Of the district to QUI countryman . This , after Ieng and mature deliberation , he accepted , and from that time has been sole and independent Rajah of Sarawak .
The remaining articles are on the ' Colonisation of New Countries ; ' The defects of the Laws , as administered in our Colonies ; ' ' The West Indian Colonies , ' and 'The Administration of the Colon iea . '
The Family Herald. Part 56. London: G. B...
The Family Herald . Part 56 . London : G . Biggs , 431 , Strand . We confess vre have not time to read Eugene Sue ' s new novel commenced in this Part , bnt we may state that a friend of ours has ex _pressed himself to ua very warmly on its merits . From the truly origi nod 'editorials' for which this periodical is celebrated , we extract the following : — WILL MOBBBlf _eiVILISATION DKCtlMB UKE THE ASClXKT AVO _PiSS _AWAT ? ' We are sometimes amused in fhe pages of literature with imaginary descriptions of tbe ruins of London seme thousands of years henee , arid someadventuroui traveller
from the new world ( then pretty old ) Handing upon the ruins of St Paul ' s church , and pointing in fancy to the sites of the Menument , or _London Bridge , and Westminster Abbey—at the same- time cautiously watching the rubbish of brick nnd mortar , long rank grass , thistles and nettles , thorns and brushwood , that ' grow around him , lest some savage animal , brute or human , eying him in secret , should suddenly spring upon him and devour him , ae now it mi-ht do on the _ruma of _Bsbylon , ones as thriving and populous ag _Landen . This anticipation Is founded upon the acknowledged maxim that the laws of Nature are unchangeable , and that what has been before will be again , for there is no new thing uader tbe sun .
But it is the vague and disorderl y dream of a poet notwithstanding . The laws of nature are _unchangeable . But they are methodical , and have always an oVject in view . Nature gives us all two sets of teeth , and the first set are thrust out by the _secend . But we hare no right to infer from this fact that the second will be thrust out by the third . The law stops with the second , If a third should come It would be a wonder , for it ib an exception to the rule . We ean haye no ideaof the nature and destiny of the second civilisation , except by comparing it with tbe first , and finding out the came and tho reason of tbe decline of the first . The old world _baglns to end at the Christian epoch . Then the new or modern world _beslns to dawn . But the old continues for a long time
to decline before it dies . The old civilisation is Pagan civilisation . The new is Christian civilisation . Pagan eivilisatioo was in its glory at the commencement of tbe Christian ers . Rome was then mistress of the world , and had attained the summit of her ambition . War had _accomplished a notable triumph . Ic bad established peace on earth . Military power was keeping the nations hi _ordsr , giving protection to commerce arid the _artg _, and security to property and person , in tha manner in which military power might _natumii y be expected to accord such , blessings to the human race . Paganism waB prevalent every where—victims were bleeding in
every land in honour of tbe , gods . Ths butchers were pr iests , and the priests were ' butchers ; and tbe meat that had bled on ths altars of the temple was sold iu the msrket asfood for the people . Men ' s minds were all more or less reconciled to tbe system . They knew no better . They had no idea at another . It would have been _eatsemsd _blasphifiiy , impiety , or fanaticism , to have proposed another . Tec at tbat very time a power was arising and struggling up to supremacy , which was destined to ehange altogether the face of society , and make its cities , its temples , its altars , and its victims , pass away for ever into the memory or oblivion of antiquity _.
flow , a system of religion and politics so thoroughly desolated required for its complete overthrow a combination of all the desolating powers . War , earthquakes , _famioss _andpsstilences , were all necessary to overturn the cities , subvert the temples , scatter the lingering and hesitating inhabitants , and convince them all by the natural means of conviction , that heaven was against the old system , and had resolved to put an end to it . The great earthquake of _Antioeh destroyed 350 , 000 personsrn _theraina of theeity . The sea rolled iBtoAlexandria , and swept away 50 , 000 at once . ' The shores of the Mediterranean , ' says Gibbon , Bpeaking of the great earthquake of 365 , A . D ., ' were left dry by the sudden retreat of the sea , great quantities offish were caught by the hand , large vessels were stranded en the mud , But the tide soon returned with the weight of an immense and irresistible deluge , which was severely felt on the coasts of Sicily , Dalmatia , Greece , and Egypt . '
Wave after wave of calamity came with desolating rage on the devoted empire of old imperial Rome . The _Gotbs , the Huns , and the _Yandals , increased the ruiB _» which the wrath of nature had occasioned , and _pesti-Ieuceand famine made a visible decrease in the population Of the Ea » l , Which ha 3 never yet Wen repaired . Daring three months , ' saysGibbon , ' five , and at length ten thousand persons died eaeh day at _Censtantinopla , ; many cities of the east were lefs vacant ; and in several districts of Italy the harvest and the vintage withered on the ground . ' These give but a faint idea of the causes of the downfall of the old world ; and we have no reason whatever to suppose that less power would be necessary to bring down the present civilisation . * * There ara numerous reasons for believing the , t . this
The Family Herald. Part 56. London: G. B...
will not be the fate of Christendom . But great ehanges must inevitabl y come w * * ' * We are , _therefore , not of the opinion of those who can look forward to the time when a traveller from the Ore . gon empire will visit the ruins of London in the manner one * so graphicall y described by Daniel O'Connell in the HOUS 0 Of Commons . The civilisation of North _Amnios is _pwoisriy the 8 ama a , Ur own . It is Christian _civilisatioa . The republicanism makes no difference . There are _republic in the Old World as well as the New .
The United States are merely tha _Swltzerlond of the New World . Their civilisation will die with ours : for It is a civilisation and not a t & ere country that diet , Ilka the Old World . So long as American _civillsafien stands will British civilisation stand , for _whatevtr changes time may render necessary in OBr constitution , csa as easily _bstffticted here as in the United States . Indeed , if there beany _difference , onr facilities are greater , for our spirit of reform h much more _active , and we are not so _disponed to fall asleep under tbo eorafortable impros . siou tbat we hare already attained te perfection .
The time will probably came , ers long , when North America will ba one of tho most spUndld empires on the face of the narth . Her rivers are magaifioent , her mountains sublime , and her plain luxuriant . Her climate is ene of the best in tbe habitable world ; her territories also are immense , and oar . own . language has already takvn inevitable possession of the wholeNorthr . ro _Continent . A century er two _henoe America will certainly bo a splendid empire . But still Its civilisation is oar own civilisation , and unless some new _Mihomat adieu to eurb onr progress like that of the Eastern na * _tisns , we cannot fail to progress along with it . And that no such _orent as that will take place , is probable from this little known fact , that nation- preserve their original character raoro er less modified , like tbeir climat ? , to the last . Very entertaining and almost _inexhaustible are the miscellaneous contents of this periodical .
The Miners' Journal—January. Edited And ...
The Miners' Journal—January . Edited and published by William Dxniells , Douglas , Isle of Man . The Miners' Advocate , Mdncc Intelligencer , and Trades Free Press , makes its appearance this month in a new and improved form . For further particulars respecting thia change , we refer our friends to an extract from the editor ' s address to his readers , which we have given in another column ; and also to the Advocate itself , which was always a very useful , and is now , likewise , a very neat publication , and well worthy of popular support .
The Republican. No. 1, 2, 3, London: J. ...
The Republican . No . 1 , 2 , 3 , London : J . Gilbert , 49 . Paternoster-row . This is a new publication devoted to the defence and assertion of the _Sovereignty of the Peopio . TheBe numbers contains several well-written articles or po ° litical topics . We should add that there la rather too much of the moral force twaddle . A little more fire would do the Republican no harm .
Reduction In Wages; Its Cause And Effect...
Reduction in Wages ; its cause and effects . By Robert Burrell , Greenock . This pamphlet ( Np . 2 of a series ) should be read by every working man . It tells all about the speculators in the China trade , railways , corn , < fc « . Tha author shows the effects of their gambling upon the tradt » and industry of the country ; together with the evil results of competition batween the eaployeri " , and The long-hour system , * piece-work , ' and the lack of faith * _fulneas to eaoh other , on the part of the employed . Every line of thia _pamphlet is a truth—truth which Bhould be well studied by the working classes .
Corresponunim
_CorresponUnim
Fraternity—The Best Depesceop Nat10n3
FRATERNITY—THE BEST DEPESCEOP NAT 10 N 3
TO THE £ DlTOB OF TIIE HOS . _TI 1 E &!* STAB . Mr Editor , —Whilst admiring the studious mannerln whieh you exclude from your paper that rampant crusading thing _y'elept theology , I am sure the _expression of my high delight nt the really beautiful _religisus breathings of the poetic gems in your Christmas and New Teat ' s numbers , may be _offered you for that treat , without breaking that wise and necessary rule for democracy to be guided by . I do accord the same to you ia oil sincerity , and , aa a ci-devant lecturer on tho truths and democratic character ( as 1 believe ) of Christianity , I unhesitatingly say , they breathe tiie very spirit of true Christianity ,
Thoie rabid paid priests of its counterfeit , I know , brand such divine musings—the outbursts of man ' s better nature an _. l _highest aspirings—as seditious blasphsmy . Let thtm I Mure than one nation is enrobing in fraternity . More than one nation is grasping the sublime weapon of human brotherhood . More than one nation is rising to the full dignity of manhood . Soon will all nations catch the inspiratiou—soon rivet the links of nations to the gsneral cbalnof love , progression , and brotherhoodnnd _pfiestS be kit iAS _bel-iad by the advance of thai doetrine , taught by tha victim of their _brotherhood of
eld' AU ye are brethren . Do I ground these views alone on what I read of society in society's paper—the NoatUEas Stab 1 No . Even as a bystander , beholding the progressing labours of the artist , often beholds what may _escape the too intent eye of tbe artist himself—so may a paper , not at all democratic , er even Whig-Radical—but from another eminence , totally apart—view the great progressive picture of society . Such hns ( where least we might ex . pect ) the Shipping a » t > _Msscaxtiie _Gszetth , In the leaning article of its numberfor January 5 th inst—and it copies the remarks of another observer , standing on a still higher , eminence , and at a greater and , therefore , better distance— -I mean an American paper , published _IriXNowYork . It declares 'England la on the very brink of a vast revolution , which may sweep away seme of . its time-honoured institutions . ' I believe it too , from more tBodes of _judgintr than one . I have always been
an observer of the rapidly _jucceedmj changes , pawing _through the very heart of society , and the progression in intelligence of the army , too , mast favour fraternity when the leaven is thoroughly spread . It mast heave and work there also . _Timoa have been , from ths trial of Caroline , ( an unworthy villain ' s wife ) , down to thopwaent , when a little of tbe latent spirit has been manifest—but then , how little had thoy learned of the noble lessons which an advanced literature has furnished ; thsy scarcely knew _thatnatkina were brothers . They have since learned not only this , but also how the institutiono tbat have violated tbis'Scripture reality , ' bave , in their inevitable course of earrying out , yearly diminished the means of living ; imposed mora _heavilyto-be-borne burdens on their unprofessional relatives—the people—till starvation and pauperism _arises , and the' silent grave covers the misdeeds of those who create the military order to _csrry 9 xi % the sy 8 tem , and keep the people , their relatives , quiet uader this system of decinution . '
But , as m . y object is not to write 'treason , 'I only further observe , soldiers ara men , and tbey spring from the depressed classes . ' Poverty mado half tho army , ' and many poor Irish are good soldiere In our regiments . Tour _rtmsrks on the ' national defences , ' are just to an extent , but I cannot agree that they are at all
necessary . We are bristling with cannon already , and our thronged thoroughfares have enough of tbe lovely variegation of red-coats to relieve the dull sombre blue 3 and blacks of our population , without having an extra 10 , 000 to overbalance us . The facts are , aristocratic families increase as well as paBpers' and workers' families—but it not being genteel for younger sons' to work , something must be done with tbem , and a few ten . thoussnds of soldier-for them to amuse themselves with , as officers , is now needed . And bear thia in mind , ( as our citadel is a beautiful illustration of the fact ) , ' tis the people and
not the French , our rulers fear . Headless Charley ' s son built the citadel here , with _thu battlements pointed against the town of _Plymouth . No wonder our _defences are weak—' tis the way to make thera so . Our present government has partly remedied tho blunder , by having erected one ( nearly corap'eted ) to sink John Frenchman's steamers , seaward . I do repeat , there Is a vast fact in Wellington's remark , and in that of his aristocratic backer . Employment for rising _ai'letoeratlingssuppression of fraternity , by raising again the laid ghosts ef national _antipathi' _-s , to blind the people , alarm their fears , and dra ' n their pockets .
Let Democrats act on Ihe princi ple that' tyrant ' s perplexity is the people ' s opportunity , ' The spider of tho Tuilleries and our spiders weave webs alike . Has not old Fagin done tbe very same thing our own debauched Charley did—pointed his battlements Against their com-l mon enemy ( so they treat them)—the people ? Let then the doings of tbe common enemy ef man ( kings ) be useful _hicts to the several peoples of the earth , and not regard each ether . as . ' natural enemies , 'but as brothers , and regard oppressors only as _em-mies . It is with these klngB , as with the kings of a _eaess board , I need not further point the allusion . Suppoie _. as tbo internal _coavulxiong of tho French people against their evil rulers , evidenced by the Reform dinners throughout that land—suppose , smarting with the wrongs of _betrayful kingcraft , they
vent eursea on the commoa enemy , and forget not tbat our kings and rulers , true to their species , hnve with millions of money , and thousands of lives , check-mated tbem at the game of kings , and prerented the progression cf France and freedom , and talk of revenge—shall our five millions of Chartists—shall members of peace so . eieties—shall the awakening merchant _ciase who perceive ' the coming _revolution * and advancing freedom ,. submit to be etlH heavier taxed to plant round our coasts provocatives of warfare , and call up past recollections of tbo wrongs wo have inflicted ( that is our government ) o : _t our neighbours ! Forbid it . The noble minded British people , allured by a lie , were drawn into the lengthened , murderous , war ; and are now reaping its retributive
punishment , in a debt that is crushing not only the middle class , but also making our mercantile—tho highest of our middle class—look to a revolution as the sole meant of ending our miseries ; whilst the wpaUh producing peopio are either walking the _streots unwillingly idle ,, or working shorttiroe , at a starving , _unrequited , pit . tance ; those who are not so fortunate aa tho latter , or ] can no longer roam huDgry like the former , without sinking downe _* . haviBteii , _pasB into the _bastues—those _superanmisting provisions for the most useful and important members of society , because sole producers , Can this atato last ! Well may the Shipping Gazette say we are « on the brink ofa revolution that will sweep away many of our time honoured (?) Institutions . ' When it sees tke tuin , havoc , _bankruptcy , _crorrdid ba . tiloB _, for able ,
Fraternity—The Best Depesceop Nat10n3
unwilling Idlers , commerce cramped— 'America last year so advanced in _niftnufacturts as to consume , ' as a be . gining , ' ono fourth of hep _entiie crop of c _» tto » , and boasting of receiving ( her only want ) twenty-one millions ef gold for grain she exported . '' When she _eomplainj of a few English monopolists depreciating the real vnlue of her cotton crop , because they bave the power of regulating ths market with the gold of an old established country—when an honeit American paper avows the real cause of tha Mexican war is to be possessed of tbe means of increasing yearly her geld ond silver currency , by obtaining the minee of those metals In Mexico , to give in . ereased vitality to ber manufactories and mercantile _oapabiUttes , so as to be able to use—not Bell at a Liverpool value—all her cotton , and export the same manufactured —no wonder then merchants talk of that disreputable , ungenteel thing , ' revelation . ' This Gazette has turned round on free trade , and owns the present aspects of trade completely stamp its fallacy .
Iu this state of things , especially taking into oonsi _. deration the present low condition of our industrious , virtuous , willing , but _compelled-to-be-idle wealth pro * ducera—their advancement in political science—the stake some ef tbem , and more will tako ia the land , and tbe _comparison they draw between then-selves , snd certain ones eonnectnd with institutions the _Shippino Gazette _declares ara on the eve of beiag swept away—What is to ba done \ My opinion I will give , first naming that I was not long since amused with certain calculations a mechanic driven to break stones on the road had made . Yds , of tbe class too ignorant to receive the franchise of freemen ; the reverse ie the fact , as their _traducers _msy soon find . Yes , they know too much , and this knowledge serves them for ' the revolution , ' for ' the Good Times Coming , ' This man had calculated what a good old
archbishop , with bis twent' -one _thousand a year for doing nothing , or wor _.-ie than nothing , living forty _y-ar-In bis snuggery , eating up the commonwealth , and making all his family by ' preferments , ' and proceeds of 'Gifts of livings , ' richer than continental prinees ; and how long he , th « useful member of society mutt workyes , how many thousands of years it would be rrquired for hira to work at one shilling a day cr & ehing stones , ti > make up the sum this one idler Sn the ' Hive o' the State' devours up . The calculation was still more staggertng , when he calculated how many hastiUt of paupers maintained ( as some unions It U the cast la ) at Is . It )?;' * , per head it would take . Well may the heart of the philanthropist sicken at such recitals , to hear this poor fellow nay , ' These here fellers tell us all men are brethren ; that the bible ia true , and Adam ia the father of
us all . ' These archbishops , bishops , and fat _elneeurlstt , are verily originators of a real infidelity . Authors of blasphemy and Irreligion , the sooner such institutions are ' swept away' the better . But how ?—that is the _qusstion—not b / checking the onward course of the again acknowledged brotherhood of the nations ; not by fo . menting war ; not hy the ruseiegnerre of old Welling _, ton , attracting the conflict from within to physical force movements without . No ; it is well known that but for a similar ' masterly military tactic , ' at the first _Frtnch revolution breaking out , by our oppressors , we should at this moment have bern a bsppy republic , without debt , and ths pride and admiration—not as now , the sportof the world . Thousands of lives and millions of treasure saved us , would have increased our resources tenfold . . I might _tnlarga on this interesting subject , bat must not _faropaco . .
Tbe rising spirit of the people , then , crushed by state rulers and the infernal machinery ofa so-called Christian church , would have advanoed with that of France—like twin _cherubi , wafting peace , brotherhood , and liberty over the globe , h » d not Church and Stato opposing armies cau-ed bloodshed . Thl * Is ne « urmla » . One of tha chief movers in tho msrch of progression then , ( Thelwall ) , some few years since opened to me sufficient of the internal management of the ' Corr . _sponding Society * to convince me of ' . his , and before me now lies whilst writing , a coin or medal of that society , on which is the dove , with the olive branch of peace _and
brotherhood in its mouth , wending ever the sun ace of the globe . N _. iw to my remedy to prevent another French war , and some _scere millions , wrung from a starving country for increased national _defences—it is tbis : the very plan of Elihu _Burritt with respect to tbe bristling with America — ' _INTONATIONS L _ADDRESSIS '—the poople with tflB people , _regarding broken pledged rulers as mere ciphers in tho great metropolis—London with Paris , _Manchester with Lyons , Plymouth with Boulogne , & c . ; and not n fitter time to set the same afoot , or with bo little trouble _, as to bave these ' addresses' to travel with tbe copies of the Great Imperial Cbarti . it Petition through the length and the breadth ef the land .
In the address , let the noble British people for once stand by themselves in their strength and their dignitylet them disclaim , at once and for ever , participation ( since unrepresented ) In the doings of their mis rulers in theUte w & _p ; and & s with individuals so with nations , the fact holds true' 'Tis great and glorioas fer to own afault , 'Tis godlike and divine to forgive it , ' let as ample an apology—since we can make no amends for our rulers ' past foolish meddling with anotber nation ' s _risirjg liberties—be made as tbe _coae needs ; only let the acknowledged fault be that of the real perpetrators—the Pitt Parliament—nnd let not tha _villanies of our com .
mon oppressors ss well as theirs ( the French ) , be made a pretext for inci eased taxes , expenses for warfare , in creased _pa-ronage for younger sons of certain waning ' institutions , ' and thus smother ths deep , th 9 far pr _* . vailing spirit of brotherhood amongst earth's nations . Another hint and I have done . Our revenue has decreased , thank God , £ 1 , 211 _JSXl last year ; pretty time for warlike _preparations , Ob , let all lovers of the peace of their species and their country , especially our fire millions of Chartists , _absinin this year from what swells tho revenue , from all _intotfcating drinks , anil as far as possible from all excisable articles , and peace and progression is insured , Your ? , jee , Fit mouth . _Onsuvtu .
The Land Company. To The Editor Of Thz N...
THE LAND COMPANY . TO THE EDITOR OF THZ NOBTHIBM STAB . Sia , —A resolution having _appeared In the Si Aa frorn the Warwick branch of the Land Compuny condemning the idea of applying to a corrupt government for aid , I beg have to submit the following statement for genera ] consideration : — ' If the Company consist of 50 , 000 members , of whom the majority hold four share * , I will asauma tbat tbe cast ot locution will average ( all expense Included ) from .- £ 250 . to £ 300 . eaeh , whieh will realise a demand for twelve and a half to fifteen millions sterling , Does not so targe an amount justify the demaad tor government aid ? If from private sources such a sum can be easily ami speedily obtained , why , then , govern _, ment aid can be safely _dispenssd with , and we shall have reason to rejoice that wo ara living ia a country where
social prosperity is at such a handsome premium , espicially when we r < fhct that there has been no dearth of _speeie in the money market lately , no failures in l & 'fte firms , ito . But , independent of tbe sum required , will any suppose Mr O'Connor so devoid of capacity as to Imagine that he would accept of a bill containing an ; sinister clause calculated in any way to operate _injuriously _, or to _deslroy that he seeks to create ? Do you imagine that the govirnment ( however _exceptionable its _mornl aspect ) , " if it take upon itself to administer aid , would attempt to impose upon Mr O'Connor , or the coun . try at large ? Will not every debate on the subject be published in time to afford you every facility forjudging
of the course tbat might rem . in to be pursued when sub . mitted to the government for consideration ! Again , if ne are to distrust the government , and not to petition for aid in behalf ofa finite social result , wberein shall we manifest _superior sanity of intellect , wbrn we shall call upon tha same bad govemmentby petition , to enact the Charter , which , If it were law , would in the course of next year ( through a general election ) , place every avail _, able source of action for the furtherance of this very object , and in behalf of a larger number , within your im . mediate grasp j ? If tbe objection taken b y our Warwick friends bo valid , it is evident that there must bo an end to further communication between tbe people and the
government . Iremain , your obedient BervBBt , Plymouth . Jan . 17 th . 1818 . E . RoBEaTSOK .
To The Chartists And Members Of The Nati...
TO THE CHARTISTS AND MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL LAND COMPANY IN DEVON AND CORNWALL . Fellow _Struggiehs—Now is the time , The Char-( 1 st Executive has once mora unfurled tha unsullied banner of Chartism , and bave appointed ihree able and talentid lecturers to disseminate the principles of democracy through the land . This induces me to ask the _goed and true of the West , will they respond , by contributing their mils , towards fanning the holy blaze 1 Something tells me they will . As I write , the district treasurer called to soy , that Torquay is up and doing , Teignmouth likewise—both have handed him their contributions for the Executive . Let but the other localities through the counties do like unto _Torouny and
Teignmeuth , and the battle in the . West will bo well begun . _TI-e doing so will enable us to demand the services of the employed lecturers regularly . Many of you know , that what is chiefly wanting in theBe countieB are lectures and discussions , to dissipate ignorance and remove prejudice . Often have I repeated , tbat our principles need only be known to be admired and te be loved . If such be the case and I am certain that many of vou hold similar opinions , you will excuse my making this appeal . With a fond hope that it shall not be in vain , I remain , _respestfully _youra , Exeter ,- " _P-J . _O'Baia . v , Dis . Sec . 49 , Holloway-streat , 17 th _J-jh . 1818 . P . S . ' Tho District Treasurer is Mr James Edwards , hat manufacturer . Teignmouth , Devon : President , W . J . P . Wilkinson , Esq , Northerubay _, Exeter ,
To The Members O F The Nationnalxand Com...
TO THE MEMBERS O F THE _NATIONNALXAND COMPANY . PELlOVf MEMBKK 8 _.-Mr ~ 0 'Bvi 9 n , Of Exeter , . totally _KlisuwderstO ' _. d me . I have no _objection to the allottees having the power of mnoving a teacher , narsh . uldl object to thoir having the power of appointing oheir own teacher . . What I objsct to Is , an useauditionft _* demand for rent of _sohoolhouBe , when there is no _melansrt as certaining the remuneration the teacher may receive for his labour , and , in case of dismiss . 1 , tbe disadvantage he may have to encounter , as in the making of laws , care should be taken to provide for every , the most _remoti contingency . I have uo personal interest in the matter , for no rules , good or bad , tbat may be made on the flub-
To The Members O F The Nationnalxand Com...
" act will ever _affeot me , as I have no intention of ¦ ff-r ' ng my services to the directors as a toacher , nur if I had oliildren of my own , should they be _treaWes-me- to any onebutmj-elf . _Consequently , I can only be pleading for others ,, and the full _measure of _juaticeii aj dus to in « dlviduals as to _collective bodies . I setk not to confer upon a teacher tha smallest amount of _preccriptivupowjr that could be-exercis-d to the detriment of tha allottees . I humbly _preBOias that they would n . » t sub nli to ic ,. But when I am _teld that a teacher i * to hava two or thre _ff acres ef land at a lower rent than the allottee-, asbein necessary for his _mainlenancs—and when I am told that three acres of land , by dint of good coltivatii . n _, will realise a tolerable subsistence , 1 need ao- the prophet ' s gift
to tell me , that if the school make an _infurior return , that it will receive _iiifarier attention , for where the car . case it , there are the eagles . Therefore , to prevent the said disadvantage , I would _suggest tbat ns school-boose should hare more than a quarter of an acr . of garden land attaehed to it , and allowed rent free , as any tax- up . on the teacher must , in reality , be born by th e _allalteesand I repeat , that on an average there will not be mors than a asvan years'demand upon any of the estates ia the course of fifty year * , as the parents ara n « t supposed te give up _possusuioa when _thtir children grow up , not * yet , in a general sense , to r » ar grandchildren . 1 remain , fellow members , your obedient _nerv-nt , Plymouth , _Jhh . 17 th , 1818 . E . RoBtBTSOff .
The French Invasion. To Tbe Isit.1b Of T...
THE FRENCH INVASION . TO TBE _ISIT . 1 B OF THS SORT IS BEN _STAS . Sia , —I must disagree with tbe view _talc-a by your journal , with reference to the twaddle about the insiuffi . ciencyofour national defences . A viler schemo in-my opinion was never attempted to gull the _people of this country . Is it possible , I would ask , that tha Franca could prepare to invade this country , without its beuom . log known to ns long before they eould mature their plans for such a tremendous _ol »; _-ct ? Every _ni . in who ) has read anything about military _affoits must know , that it must take at least some weeks , if not iHoutbs ; to _aonetntrate the material of war for such a purpose , while the knaves and fools who prattle In tha pnyri 3 ay It might fee done in something 1 ke half an hour ! _Tli-o , again , bat . the _Prt-nth % i ; hin-d *! . y ' uteiitl . u of making
a descant un eur » hor is I I hnve not mot with any . thing of the kind except the traces of tra _> h written by Joinville . Surely each a question mads public , nut frees any valid . reason , but tl . rough tha mere epistle nf _a-j eld man in a stats of _dotage , is not oaly an . _insult on our . French friends , but . calculated to imbue thum _t-ith a rancour towards u » , nkioh we oars . lr .-s _hev < - created . But , _grantirigjfor a moment that tbey eould cum * , what then , has our navy , for which we pay sine millions per annum lost its prestige f Is our faith shaken in eur fleets , which have met the world in arms and conquered before now ? Would _ourfl'ot remain in the ehannet like a _spoosy boy socking his fingers , while the enemy
was _marching on our capital ? Nay , I should rawer think it would be having one eys up the _cbimm-y and the other 011 the pot , or in other words , it _wi-nld be locking up the French ports on the on * hand , and sweep _, lag the seas ef French commerce en the other . Vibifi need is there , then , of imposing _frs-h burdens upun the people of this nation by kicking up a row about nothing ! _Depend on It , sir , it Is from within our own land the ? fear the foe , I firmly believe that tho whole affair Is but a besa scheme nut only to throw bask public opinion which is now a tiptoe for reform , but to provide as army of reserve for Ireland . I remain , Sir , jours in tbo faith , _GAsatst .
The National Defences. To Thb Bditos 07 ...
THE _NATIONAL DEFENCES . TO THB _BDITOS 07 THE _JtOBTHiBN STAB . Sia—I write in haste that I may yet be in timo for your first publication , and for the san » reason write _brirfly . My attention _haB just been turned by a friend , to a review in a _newspaper of two pamphlets bearing upon tbis qnestion . One recommends the enrolment of the disbanded railway labourers , who are to be drafted t » Ireland , to let loose a portion of the regulars iu that country , We may , I think , Ivave tbis project to tho patriotism of tha ' navvies' _tb-ms-lves , most of whom , I believe , are Irishmen . Another proposal , is to embody the able-bodied poor . _* nd also the militia , upon a
somewhat modified plan . Something of this latter sort will in all likelihood be _submitted to Parliament , whi > n it _re-Bumes . New , I have not a shadow oi doubt upon , my mind that , whether _\> i « _oroakings of the hoary tool of tyranny , who doubtless hoars in evury _brssze that steals across the Channel , ' Vengeanee for the brave » t of the brave ' , or those of any wbo have given tongue "' _» the _nubjeot , were uttered with the ' knowledge and at tha dfsite of goTernment , that an attempt will he ma'Je to take advantage of any panic that rany arise . To 4 o what ? Why , to do just ae the old fox at the Tuilleries did , « h ? n In theheightof a similar _fever-fitin Franco , regarding the security of their capital , the _psoule , under the influonee of foolish or traitorous leaders , suffered him to make Paris one at oat B & UiU .
In the name , therefore , of liberty , by all that we hsve already suffered from military tyranny , I call upon the leaders of the British people to prepare the _min'ls of all over whom tbey may have influnice , for a _determined , aa _uulvtrsal struggle against any attempt to add either to the regular army or tho militi-i . We foiled the soverument in tl ii matter before , when we were _h-ss numerous —we shall , I doubt not , do it again . Yours , tic , Dumfries , Jan , 18 , _1 S _18 . Siciwr / 9 ,
The Land. To Ths Editob Of Tub Tlo-Rthbb...
THE LAND . TO THS _EDITOB OF TUB _tlO-RTHBBS STAB . Desk Sia , —Being a shareholder in the Ltnd Com . _pruty , and having eight _shares for my family , I feel anxi . ous lor ihe prosperity of tbe same . I , therefore , venture to trouble you with the fallowing extNet ; I copied it . from a Sunday-school Library . book entitled , * Tho Cottager ' s llagazine , or Plain Christian . _Llbrury . ' Hull . _TUoS . WisToX . Spade _HosBANDht , —In a pamphlet , written by the Rev . Mr Demaiubray , Keetor of Broad Somerford , Wilts , the following _passage occurs to show tho _ri-sult of Spade Husbandry : — . 'But I bave yet to produce a much stronger _inttnnce of the poor man ' s husbandry . In tbe summer of 1829 , a ten . int _, » 'illism Kn _.-ipp ( I mention
names in these _statements that mjfacU may be examined , if they admit of the smallest doubt . ) informed my son , who hat for soma timo collected wj _rt-nts for me , that he must give up , at Michaelmas , " his farm of eighty acres , adjoining an eighteen acre piec _* , let to several _JaboorerB He stated that his crops would hardly pfty his labour , and , tbat , instead of paying his yearly rent of £ 30 . be requested £ 30 . might be deemed _sufficisnt , in consequence of the unfavoorableness of the season . A receipt was given ia full far the sum thus offered , and thefarra surrendered at Michaelmas , 1829 . On this occasion my son wished me to let the whole farm to the poor in small portions ; but I objected , lest the offer of so large a quantity should ovtrstock the market and lesson its
vaIug in tho estimation of my poor tenants ; 'Bnt on tha day appointed for letting it there wore no many eager and unfortunate applicants , for it tbat he was prevailed on to exceed his _commission , and let the whole farm fo tbem , in portions of one or two acres , with the exception of fourteen or fifteen acres of sandy , gorse _, and _furz-s land , of ranch too bad a quality to be _rendered profitable to them . Selecting tho moat industrious and deserving of _theapplicaats _, and making them cast lots for their several portions , all were pleased and _satisfi . d ; aad thia farm of _eighty acres , which , the _jirecoedir . g year , had been tbrowa np al a rent of £ _B 0 . has this year _puailueisd upwards of £ 80 , clear of all expenses , from willing , punctual , and grateful tenants . Not a _sixpence was _deBcit-m at the _innual audit last Michaelmas . '
_Dibulins Wheat . —Sib , —I beg leave to suggest tbe advantages tbnt would arise te- the _agriculiursl labourers , by farmers adopting the _dibbling _Bysttnl for vi heat in preference to sowing broad cast . Iu _trur-lling through _Bedfordshire last spring , I could not help observing ho w luxuriant aud regular the dibbled wheat _appearet , _havinusueu it tried only on a small scale before . I immediately began to inquire into rh » _i-iuenso per acre , _p'Ofluce , & c _, and _having been _laiiuced by tho answers I received , to make a trial of itmysrif ; 1 hava sixteen acres plan'ed that way , _having got a Iri- nd te _s-nd me two men anl four boys out of tbat county , who were accustomed to the work . 1 paid then . 8 « . per acre ( a man and two bays v _\^\^ i an _aers par day on an average ) , in rows from six to seven inches ap irt , _theholes absut four inches , with from five to six seed * in a hole .
Two bushels per acre is qui te sufficient , thus _i-ftVctin ; a saving of a bushel of seed , which co vers the exp » me of , planting ; and _furnishii . gMie labourer with employment _s-c _good'wagei , without any additional expense to ths farmer , as three bushels is the least quantity sown _broidcast , and frequently half a bushel more on the soil I occupy , which is a strong clay . It app . srs to ma that any labourer may in a fow hours become accusromed to it , beinjf provided wi h proper dibbling liim _, & e „ ns the principal part Is dropping the seed by tbe boys . Wheat , which was planted in the middle of October is now up , and looks as strong and healthy , as it is _possible for wheat to look . 1 have no doubt but the system will be more generally adopted , if only for the purpose of _affordin * employment to a number _oftueii and . boys , in pri'fer . once to allowing th ? m to exist _« pon _parish relief . _CoKRESPosmsNT op - _Consrav _Timis . ' ..
The Land.—A Market Gardener Has Taken -V...
The Land . —A market gardener has taken -v *> acres of land , on lease , from Mr _li andyside , farmer , _Looliend , near Leitb , at a ren t of £ 20 per acre . « this lessee were not well acquainted _w-ith the oa | pam _lities of tho soil v ; hea well managed , - »/ P _»>™ J * venture to give such a price tor _* _" _!?? - { _%$ ? _% state the fact for the encourag ement _f _*» f" » gs the Land plan , which we l . eari , y _wis _^ G £ _g _^ _-Bohkowino NKWSVArBit . -It is _, > of . -n ; i much _people think , in _« l _mub _^ _^ ia ot _newspaper . A- man _g _^ 9 u b rait . tamil uQUia pounds on _ridwarfoM trifle w ftom bitu _^ _In _^ _t _^ _?^^ _S _^ Ihe , p _£ _aoup
our newspaper with B * t . only . _wtott-t property , and we can enjoy it-one of modern luxuries-by our owa / too , when any other reading _w _rd _istasteful . We like a bor > - _forrowtdwsat-cap . —P . ''
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 22, 1848, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_22011848/page/7/
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