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THE NORTHERN STARi • ¦ —— — ' ¦- ¦ ir~nT...
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MATHON.
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In reply to numerous applications, relat...
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TO THE MANCHESTER VICTIM FUND COMMITTEE....
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m crovtetfuonuettw
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ILJI. F., Castle Eden.—Tlie charge would...
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THE NORTHERN STAR SATUltDAY, SEPT-EMBER 38, 1849.
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TBE PRESS AND THE LAND SCHEME. The Land ...
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ANOTHER CHARTIST MARTYR. Alexander Sharp...
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- r~nTTrT ^ MORE PARSON PLUNDER, Having ...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
The Northern Stari • ¦ —— — ' ¦- ¦ Ir~Nt...
THE NORTHERN STARi ¦ —— — ' ¦ - ¦ _ir ~ nTTrTTTTTin ¦ _^ MORE PARSON PLUNDER
Ad00408
T 1 ST OP BOOKS AND SHEETS - * - « _SW-f -fCBUSHISG Br
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CAPTION . KUPTURES _EFFECTUALLY CUBED -WrrHOOT A TRUSS!—DR . WALTER DE BOOS ,, 3 , Ely-place , _Holborn-hill , London , still continues to supply tlie afflicted with his celebrated CURE for SINGLE or DOUBLE _-ttDPTUKES , the efficacy of wbich fe now too weU established to need comment It is easy in application , causes no inconvenience , and as the merit of tbis discovery , has never been disclosed , all others , are spurious imitations only . WiU be sent free , on receipt of Gs . Gd . by post-office order , or _stamps . Dr . de R . has a great number of old trusses left behind by persons cured , as trophies of his immense success , which he wiU almost crre awat to those wh « like to wear them . Jf . B . Ing , uiry wiU prove the fact , that this is the only remedy _knorni , all others being spurious , useless , anil dangerous imitations , against which sufierers are especially cautioned . Hours—10 tiU 1 , and from 4 . _rifl 8 . Ber . BLWalcott , Higham Ferrers , writes : — " The person for whom you sent yonr remedy is quite cured , and you will be good enough to send me two more for others . "
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DE . _FLEISCHMAtf'S CHOLERA DROPS . ' This Medicine is prophylactic against Cholera . It has b een administered to 130 , 000 persons in "Vienna , and to S 0 _. 000 in Hungary and Poland , and in not one of those instances did the result belie its preservative qualities . — Spectator . Sold in bottles , Is . 9 < L , -3 s . Cd ., 5 s ., and 7 s . Gd . each , by Sutton and Co ., Bow Churchyard ; Edwards , St Paul ' s Churchyard ; Barclay and Co ., Farringdon-street , London ; aud by all respectable chemists and patent medicine vendors in town and country .
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RUPTURES PERMANENTLY CURED "WITHOUT A TRUSS!!—The Testimonials from members of tlie Medical Profession and Patients who hare heen eured that are daily received by Dr . _GUTHHEY , establish ihe efficacy of this remedy beyond a doubt ; in every case , however bad , cure is guaranteed , thus render ing trusses unnecessary . It is easy in application , perfectly painless , and applicable to both sexes of aU ages . Sent free on receipt of Ss . by Post-office order or stamps , by Dr . HENRY _GUTHREY , 6 , Ampton-street , _Gray's-inh-Toad , London . At home _dafly , from Ten till One , morning Six till Eight , evening ; on Sunday- * , Ten till One only Hundreds of Trusses _ha-s-e been left behind by persons ¦ cured , as trophies ofthe success of this the only remedv for Rupture , which wiU really be given away to persons requiring them after a trial of it "Having witnessed the good effect of your cure for rui * . ture , I herewith send you an order for _myseuV _' _-. John * Sarxa _, Hyde 2 fil ! , Hyde .
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NOW Df THE COURSE O F PUB LICA T I ON In Numbers at Three Pence each . IUusrrated by appropriate Engravings , executed by Artists ofthe first Celebrity . TnE PROGRESS OP GRIME OB , THB _AUTHESItC MEMOIRS OF MARIE MANNING , OF MINVER-rLACE , BERMONDSEY . _DESCBIIJTIVE OF THE * eSI * _UkOSDIS * ABT SCENES OF HEB EVESTFt-I . _tit-n " , FBOM HEE EiBXIEST _TOtTCa TO THE _1-EBIOD OF THE ATEOCIOUS _MBIlDER OF MB , O _' _COSSOB . Br ROBERT HUISH , Es <* . Author of the " Memoiw of fhe Princess Charlotte , " "George the Fourth , " translator of _"iamartiiw ' _* Travels inthe Holy Land , " " Maria Martin , " & c . S trange , Faternoster-ron ; Tickers , Holyivell-street ; and all bookseUers in town and countrv .
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SOW BEADY with the MAGAZLVES _roaSEPrEMBEK No . IV . of THE DEMOCRATIC REVIEW Of BRITISH and FOREIGN POLITICS , HISTORY and LITERATURE . Edited by G . JULIAN HARNEY . _COKTEJJTS : L The Editor ' s Letter to the "Working Classes on the New Reform Movement 2 . Letter from Paris . _ „ . 3 . Our Inheritance .- The Land common Property . Letter IV . __ . ' 4 . Social Reform : Louis Blanc on Competition . 5 . The Queen ' s Visit to Ireland . 6 . Democratic Progress . 7 . The Hungarian Struggle . Part II . 8 . Places of Note in Hungary . 9 . Will of the Tsar Peter , Emperor of Russia . 10 . American Poetry . 11 . Literature . . 12 . The late Henry Hetherington . 13 . Political Postcript
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TUE CHEAPEST EDITION EVER rCBWSUEU . Price Is . Cd ., A new and elegant edition , with Steel Plate of the Author , of PAINE ' S POLITICAL WORKS .
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Oa the 1 st of October will appear No . II . of THE OPERATIVES' FREE PRESS . The New Cambridge Democratic Publication . _Cosducted Br _WouKisc Men . Published Monthly . —Price Id . Cambridge : Nicholl ' s , Fitzroy-street ; London : Watson , 3 , Queen ' s HeacLpassage , Paternoster-row .
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TO BE SOLD , AT MIXSTER LOVEL , A FOUR ACRE ALLOTMENT , -CL exceedingly well cropped ; together with stock and implements , including * one sow- with twelve young ones , five \ veeks ; old , and a fine young sow nine months old ; also an ass and cart , and a great variety of tools , & c . ; there are also many additions to the house and premises . The quality ofthe land is the very best on thc Estate , being turned up from rich meadow land , and bearing most luxuriant crops . For terms , apply to J . Gilbert , 31 , Brizenorton-road , Charterville , Witney , Oxford ; if by letter , prepaid , enclosing a stamp for reply ,
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NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN , That a West Riding Delegate Meeting will be held in the Democratic School Room , Croft-street , Wakefieldroad , Bradford , on Sunday , the 30 th of September . A person will have to be elected to fill the situation of "West Riding Secretary for tlie ensuing year , a plan drawn up for the ensuing quarter , and _ofiier business of importance . Those places who are wishful to be placed on the plan are requested to send a delegate . CnmsTOPiiEa _Seacsxeto-v , West Hiding Sec .
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TO BE SOLD CHEAP . TWO PAID-UP SHARES ofthe National Land Company . AU applications to be made to Samuel Boonham , Iii , High Holborn .
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RUPTURES PERMANENTLY CURED WITHOUT A TRUSS . —Two years' experience in hundreds of cases of every variety of single and double rupture , in both sexes , and in many cases of a desperate naiure , proves that DR . BOOTH'S REMEDY is unfailing , not a single instance of failure having occurred . It is most simple , and easy in application and effect , aud is conscientiously guaranteed a cure in all cases . —Authentic Testimonial : — "It is now ten months since I used your remedy for rupture , and I am glad fosaylhavegonethroughevcry sort of exertion without the least ve-appearance of it . "—J . Mastess , MUl-street , Bedford . The remedy is sent , post free , with fuU instructions , rendering failure impossible , on receipt of Cs . by Post' Office-order ( payable at Holborn office , ! or postage stamps , by Dr . JAMES BOOTH , 14 , Hand-court , Holborn , London . Letters of inquiry must enclose twelve stamps for a reply . *
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LUXURIANT HAIR , WHISKERS , HAIR DYE , & c . DR . NEATE'S MEDICATED POMMADE is the only preparation to be relied upon for tlie reproduction of hair in baldness , from whatever cause , and at whatever age , preventing die hair falling off , and strenghening weak hair . . It is guaranteed to produce Hair , Whiskers , & c . j in three or four weeks without fail . ** I have recovered my hair by the use , of your pommade . " —Miss _Jeboas _, Oxbridge . It is a choice and elegant preparation , and sufficient for two months' use will be sent free , on receipt of tweuty-four postage stamps , by Dr . Neate , 12 , King-street , Long-acre , London . Two really unexceptionable Hair-dye Receipts are also enclosed gratis ; they will produce any shade of colour required , and are unlike any trashy receipts before offered to the public . "Thepommade has restored my hair . "—Mr . Ward , Listeard , Cornwall . "The dye is superior to all I have ever tried . "— "Mr . _Euhett , Cumington , Cornwall . ' * Your pommade has produced a good crop of whiskers . "—J . Losg , Acton . " It is an exquisite dye . " —3 fr . _BtAyD _, Dorset
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PROTECTED BY ROYAL LETTERS PATENT .
Mathon.
MATHON .
In Reply To Numerous Applications, Relat...
In reply to numerous applications , relative to the purchase of portions of the Mathon Estate , I beg to refer the applicants to the terms so frequently Btated in the " Northern Star ; " and further to inform all who are anxious to become proprietors of any portion , that the money must ho forwarded immediately ; that the price , as I have over and over again stated , is 37 / . an acre , of which % per aero -will be returned , and perhaps more , hut
certainly not less , when the timber and building materials are disposed of ; and if I had bought that estate myself , and sold it out iaparcels , I could have realised over 10 , 000 / . profit ; hut because I have hought it for the benefit ofthe poor , and risked 500 / . of my own money as a deposit upon confidence in their order , 1 am a juggler . It should he distinctl y understood , that having purchased this Estate in my own name , lean make a clear and itnqueslionable conveyance to every purchaser of any portion :
and , as I hefore stated , I have been offered 161 a-ycar , hy numerous applicants , for land that will cost the purchaser 120 / ., with a year's rent paid in advance ; and if I had some thousands to spare myself I most solemnly declare that I would sacrifice them to see the richest and most healthy valley in England populated by independent proprietors , every one . of whom , in less than twelve months , could double their money , if they were inclined to seU .
Feargus _O'Connoe
To The Manchester Victim Fund Committee....
TO THE MANCHESTER VICTIM FUND COMMITTEE . We have received a communication from thc Sheffield Secretary , that tbe 21 . Us . received by Mr . O'Connor , at Sheffield , is to be applied to the relief of the Kirkdale , prisoners ; and upon application , to Mr . William Rider , " Northern Star" Office , the Committee will receive that amount .
M Crovtetfuonuettw
m _crovtetfuonuettw
Ilji. F., Castle Eden.—Tlie Charge Would...
ILJI . F ., Castle Eden . —Tlie charge would be 4 s . fid . for each insertion . Mr . E . Beow _** , Camelford , Corn-roll . —The postage of the R eview will be id . Mr . H . Pamiott , _Mitcham-g-reen . —Received , J . S . N . —Seven shillings and eleven pence . J . Lesnon , Preston ; "W . _Tehkis , _Sutton-in-Aslifield ; It . Bi-ook , Huddersfield ; W . Wilson ; W . Davies , Edinburgh . —Beceived . T . _S ., Saxmundham . —Not received . Leicester _Chabtists . —George White has received 10 s . from the Leicester Chartists , through Messrs . Francis ltirk and Charles Bentley , for wliich he returns thanks to the subscribers . — [ This communication was received on Saturday last—too late for insertion in our country edition . One shilling ' s worth of stamps came to hand , which we acknowledged last week , as desired , for tlie Hungarian refugees , but we are not in receipt of anything for the Italian exiles . —Ed . N . S . l
The Northern Star Satultday, Sept-Ember 38, 1849.
THE NORTHERN STAR _SATUltDAY , SEPT-EMBER 38 , 1849 .
Tbe Press And The Land Scheme. The Land ...
TBE PRESS AND THE LAND SCHEME . The Land Scheme , like the Charter , is a GOOD CAUSE , - but in BAD HANDS ; aud it is a most remarkable fact , that that very , portion _ofc the Press whicli has derived most profit hy puffing and advertising bubble schemes , should be most virulent in its attacks upon the only honest and practicable plan ever propounded for the regeneration of the working classes ; and to this fact we must ascribe the vituperation of those organs , who represent the enemies of labour , and misrepresent the friends of the people .
The " Morning Chronicle'' had , some days ago , an article upon Mr . O'Connor ' s Land Scheme , which must have heen written by Lord Brougham , whose boast , at a recent agricultural meeting , was , that ho might be able to distinguish between an ox and a sheep , but beyond that distinction his knowledge did not go . He launched into high encomiums upon the discovery and improvement of agricultural machinery worked by steam ; and laid great stress upon the profit to be derived by the complete substitution of steam power for manual labour .
The " Dispatch" of last week , wholly unmindful of the " Gravel Pit farmer , " who in the course of twelve years was metamorphosed from a drunken idle pauper into a sober industrious squire , has another fling at that diabolical Scheme , hy the realisation of which alone thc industrious can be releasod from the grasp of the profit-monger , and the dissolute from the fascination and temptations of the hired scribbler . Murders , drunkenness , and vice of every description is the stock-in-trade of the "Dispatch" and many other papers , and hence all dread the plan which would magically reduce their stores ; The readers of the "Dispatch''' arc told ,
that great inducements were held out to those who would join the Land Scheme ; hut alas they have failed . Our readers have not forgotten tho great benefits that were promised to the working man from Free Trade ; but , perhaps , they are not aware that the celebrated SlKVJGr Smith , who would not know a cucumber from a handsaw , although , like Harry Brougham , he may be able to distinguish between au ox aud a sheep—perhaps , we say , they are not aware that this , enthusiastic Free Trader is now the editor of the " Weekly Dispatch ; " and he has not forgotten , and never will forget , the trashing he received from Mr . O'Connor , at Chelsea .
It is the practice with hired scribblers to write upon every subject that is before the public , whether they understand it or not—as , like fine ladies , out of the fashion out of the world—sheltering themselves from personal responsibility and criticism , under the plural mask WE . We , upon the other hand , aro not only construed into O'Connor ; but that gentlemen is held responsible , not only for every word that appears in die "Northern Star , " but for every word spoken , and every act committed hy every individual of his party . However , to return to Mr . Sidney Smith ' s
landscape and portrait , whicli will be found at full length in our first page , and to the perusal of which we invite the closest attention ; and when the reader has perused it , the only conclusion that he can draw from it is , that under any circumstances , however reproductive , the Land Scheme must be a failure , because we are told that even those who are located , must endeavour to return to their former occupations , or become paupers in the workhouse . Now let us ask , in the name of common sense , how this prediction of last week tallies with that which we published from
the same prophet but a few weeks since ; and in which the reader was told to be of good spirit—thatthe plan wasgood—thatby it alone , all trades and handicrafts could be placed in their legitimate position if the thing was only placed under the control of HONEST TRUSTEES % What has become of the vision of the two and a-half acre "Gravel Pit man ? " Where now is the hope of the manufacturer , the trader , the merchant , the shopkeeper , the mechanic , the artificer , aud the artisan—all of
whom the "Dispatch told us must rest their hope upon the more profitable employment of the agricultural labourer upon tlie soil " occupied for his own benefit ? This class , to be located upon the land , under the supervision of HONEST TRUSTEES , was to have . constituted a greater source of wealth than all our colonies . Ireland was again to embrace her sister ; tlie rose , the shamrock , andthe thistle were to constitute the pure national emblem , and to displace the Bible and the sword the arms of Church and State .
In our comment upon that article , we showed that poor Sidney Smith— who based the great y & Iuq of _Ireo Trade upon cheap
Tbe Press And The Land Scheme. The Land ...
_roffee-bad literally extracted all tiiat was SS from the columns of the " Northern st _„ r - " and feeling convinced that he and his _nartV will yet he compelled to adopt the _IvnoNNOR Land Scheme , he eulogised the Pkn _buHtwasin BAD HANDS . Butle us analyse the last diatribe of this practical _cock-loftAgriculturist . This profound philosopher _deserts upon the legal posi ton of the Cpanv , and talks of Mr . O'Connor ' s attempt to exempt himself from to dm of fraud and would make it appear that those _Sfb-Te invested then-money in the scheme
have been deceived-nay , that they are rumea that there are no Trustees , and that the names of the parties from whom the money came to purchase the several Estates , are not set forth in the conveyance ; although he tells us , that he is not sure whether such a course would be requisite . Really , commenting upon such profound ignorance , coming from one who professes to he a public instructor , is almost too ridiculous , was it not necessary- * - nay , indispensable-that the folly of such writers should be exposed ?
We are asked , " If Mr . O'Connor has not made a profit of the Land Plan , who has V We answer , "Those only who could make a profit of it as yet—the located "members . And we would ask this scribbler to visit those several Estates , not for the purpose of seeing the cropg _ as , like Harry Brougham , he would not be able to distinguish between wheat and rye—but to judge of its value , as far as health and contentment are concerned , by contrasting the appearance of the occupants with those of their order who are still working for slave
masters . But let us analyse tho position of the founder and members of this society , and we will do it by contrast . If Sidney is a lawyer , or understands anything of law , is he not aware that there must be two parties to a contract , and that each party must perform the several covenants therein contained ? Mr . O'Connor was the contractor to perform a certain amount of work ; the shareholders were the contractors to pay a certain amount of money to enable him to complete the work . Suppose a case in which Sydney Smith stood in Mr .
O'Connor's position , and undertook to build a _cbapel , or a free trade hall , a school-house , or any other building , upon condition that a certain number of subscribers would each pay a given sum , and suppose that sum to be 100 , 000 / . Now , if 99 , 950 _* . of that amount was paid up , and if there was a deficiency of 501 ., Sidney would not lay the foundationstone—the greater portion of the capital would be divided amongst banisters and lawyers ( none , of course , would stick to Sidney ' s fingers ); while the " Dispatch , " and many other papers , would describe him as a martyr , as a philanthropist , and a demi-god , and revile his dupes for having sacrificed him to his own
credulity . But suppose further , that Sidney had devoted four years of his time , aud nearly 7 , 000 Z . of his money to the realisation of his darling object , there would be a niche prepared for him in Westminster Abbey as the great philanthropist and martyr ofhis day . Well , then , let us measure Mr . O'Connor ' s position hy this contrast . The subscribers who entered the Company , and who were bound by the rules of the Company to pay nearly 300 , 000 / . within a given time , paid little more than 100 , 000 ? ., while Mr . O'Connor had embarked every farthing of his own money in tho Land Plan . Let us ask Sidney , under those circumstances , whether Mr . O'Connor or the defaulting members violated the contract ?
We cannot refrain from reprinting the following passage , as illustrative of the stability aud the consistency ofthe former eulogist of the Land Plan . Here it is : — Their inability to live on the produce of the land , even though they paid nothing for it , shows how entirely illusory was e v ery calculation on which the system was professedly founded . The fund which was to ensure its continued existence cannot be obtained—ttieinen * . v _* iiD _* vvere tofurnish it are ruined—and the whole attempt endsin the amassing * , in the hands of tho projector , of a large quantity of land which cannot be profitably worked in the way originally proposed .
Now , reader , what say you to that ? The men who have received two , three , and four acres of thc best description of Laud , with a house in the centre of each allotment—Land cultivated , and money at the rate of % 10 s . an acre paid as aid money—and no rent yet demanded—and all paupers , booked up , unable to live , and juggled by Mr . O'Connor during two years of such a depression in their trade , as would have driven nine tenths of them to the workhouse , and not a few to the grave . Contrast this fact with the position of the "Gravel Pitman , " paying high rent for apond
and a gravel pit—scraping enough to buy a pony—turning it into a prime horse—having furniture and utensils , and 400 ? . of capital saved in twelve years from Land and water . Must not this angler have now and then hooked a golden fish ? Parties connected with the Commissariat department , upon being asked how they realized such fortunes during the Peninsular war , replied : — " That if they threw a lump of wood into the water at night _, it would come out gold in the morning . " But another contrast is furnished by the Cobden-Scholefield FREEDOM FOR THE
MILLION PLAN . " IT IS NOW ASCERTAINED BY PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE , THAT A MAN CAN SUPPORT HIMSELF , WIFE , AND FAMILY , UPON TUE PRODUCE OP TWO ACRES OF LAND , COSTING ELEVEN POUNDS AN ACRE , AND PAY RENT AT THE RATE OF THIRTEEN AND A HALF PER CENT . " Upon the other hand , it has now been discovered by the practical agriculturist , Sidney Smith , that a man , his wife and
family , must go the workhouse or starve upon four acres of land , costing 32 / . Is . Gd . an aero upon the average ; cropped , roads made , house built , 30 L aid money , and iii numerous cases , 20 / . extra loan money , and no rent demanded for two years , in consequence ofthe potato failure . Now what will the practical agriculturist , Sidney , say to such a contrast ? and would the propeunders of tho FREEDOM FOR THE MILLIONS Plan remit a year ' s rent or a day ' s rent if all the crops failed , and the land become sterile .
In talking of the money , the writer who undertakes to criticize Mr . O'Connor ' s legal knowledge , says : — Whether that money was raised by subscription , or came from Ids own pocket , is a -natter with which the conveyancer did not trouble himself , and which , on the face of thc deeds transferring , the property is , in all probability not even incident !} - mentioned . Now what will the reader think of a lawyer receiving payment for an estate , asking the purchaser : " Pray , sir , how did you come by this money % That sovereign smells awkward , that 5 / . note looks rather suspicious ; neither bear she stamp of virtuous traffic 2 "
Sidney concludes his effusion thus ;—To be chary of believing in extravagant promises of impossible advantages ; to put no faith in schemes which _urofess to _guai-antcc a vast return for a trivial outlay-to eschew quack medicines for social ills ; and , above all to keep clear of 'lotteries" of every sort and Wnd-sucl ,, ' as _ive read it , is tlio moral to be drawn by workine * men from the history of thc O'Connor Land Scheme . If any danger is to result from tho Land Scheme , the "Dispatch" may ho chargeable with all the contingencies , as that paper lias moro enthusiastically recommended the Scheme—if faithfully carried out—than Mr O'Connor or the « Northern Star . " Howover , having criticised the practical agricultural knowledge of Sidney Smith , lot -oa again re-state tho position of this much reviled Land Company . The Press is _makino * tho
most o the long vacation-that intemKvhich must elapse before the Queen ' s Bench vrill be called upon o pronounce its final _deciS a ' _Sii \ ° w atl 0 n _^ the Land " 4 not * shadow of a doubt , then Mr . O'Connow will show Jus revilers lm _™„\ - V 0 _* V imrm _« _mevr . 1 , ° . im ¦ renewed operation s upon a _moi'Q _exteaaiYQ scab . aud Add th
Tbe Press And The Land Scheme. The Land ...
tection to the poor which it never w ™*» _v a quibble to tl rich , * _$ _~ _£ SZ _^ the unanimous report otthe yominn _,, to Iegaliseft by special Act _^ - _^ t _^ and grant Mr . O'fcwww pow » * _^ _^ _eceTve in such an _n _^ _W _**™^ _* _^ _^ back twenty shillings for eve _^ pound he pa * J , and perhaps more ; while , if Mr . 0 0 _» J ° J died to-mo ? row , the property is _* J ™ gJ £ honourable , upright Trustees , to be applied to the sole and only benefit of the memhers . We wonder whether Sidney Smith and his
associates would have invested their own money m such a project , and would have observed such good faith with those who had reposed confidence in them ? ,, Poor Bradshaw , who looks like death _s head upon a broomstick , and is out of sorts with a turnip because it looks less like a ghost —endeavoured to criticise the Land Flan some few weeks ago ; and amongst other strictures , makes Mr . O'Connor say , " That the stam ps for the registration of the Company cost 350 ? ., " whereas , Mi ' . O'Connor said no such thing ; what he said was , "That they cost from 600 / to 8001 ?; sopoor _BbadshAW must have another " Fiti bHJiJVl . . _„
The " Dispatch , " the " Chronicle , and all other papers omit to announce thefact to the public , that the New Land Plan is duly Lnrolled under Act of ' Parliament » uponi the very same principle as Building Societies , and that the officers and trustees have been legally aP let ns conclude with the assurance , that , however the law may oppose—the press may revile— or the most fortunate may attempt to damage the Land Plan—that it is , nevertheless , Mr . O'Connor ' s fixed resolution to go on , in spite of aU opposition ; not juggling , but benefitting the working classes , until he releases them from the slavish bondage in which the press , more than any other powerholds them .
, As a newspaper proprietor , Mr . O'Connor has devoted every fraction ofhis money to the support of the Charter and the Land . The Charter as the political means , and the Land as the social end , to make himself , and those for whom he struggles , independent of faction , class and party . We have frequently shown the difference between the p rofit—both individual and national—created by the free labourer , as compared with the profits of the feudal serf , universally and nationally ; and in confirmation of our opinion , we cannot offer stronger proof than is contained in the following passage , extracted from an able article which appears
inthe "Nation" of last week : — Look to the Republics of Italy ; how Venice grew up from the slime of the Adriatic-How Milan battled against _Barbarossa until razed to the earth-how gorgeous wares and rare manufactures spread the fame of the Italian arto-an over Europe—how the sea floated more ships mto Venice , Pisa , and Genoa , than into all the other harbours ofthe world—how the agriculture of tlielombardand the Tuscan farmer was so skilful , that , to tlus day , the land once cultivated by tho hands ot freemen , is easily distinguish able from tiie waste or half-tilled possessions of the feudal _lnril .
Another Chartist Martyr. Alexander Sharp...
ANOTHER CHARTIST MARTYR . Alexander Sharp has followed Joseph Williams to an untimely grave . The feeling of indignation and horror caused by the death of the first victim had not time to subside , before a second fell a sacrifice to the same detestable and cruel system of prison discipline . In the case of Mr . Sharp , however , it appears thatthe illness which followed his being placed in solitary confinement , and fed upon bread and water , did not follow that treatment so
rapidly . A longer time elapsed before the mischief done to him showed itself , which can only be accounted for by the fact stated at the inquest , that Mr . Sharp was " a remarkably healthy man . " But no constitution , however strong or powerful , is able to bear up against such inhuman treatment , at a time when a fearful pestilence poisons the air , and slays the inhabitants of London by thousands . It is a fact admitted by all medical menwhatever may he their differences npon other subjects—that one of the most powerful
predisposing causes of Cholera is insufficient or _innutritious diet , and one of the professional witnesses at the inquest upon Mr . Sharp , stated , that he would not keep a person confined , even in a parlour , upon a bread and water diet , at such a time . In this case , however , . 11 usual appearances of true Asiatic Cholera were present , and the Jury returned a simple verdict of death from that disease , though there can be no doubt that confinement and low diet were the primary causes of the attack which hurried the victim to a premature grave .
We are happy to perceive that the party headed by Sir Joshua Walmsley has taken up these cases of deliberate homicide . At a meeting of the Council of the Parliamentaiy and Financial Reform Association , held on Wednesday night , it was stated that they had memorialised the Home Office on the subject , and tbat it was hoped good would result from the remonstrance . It was further stated , that there were in the House of Commons , even now , eighty Members , with Mr . Hume at their head , who were determined to institute a most searching investigation in Parliament . The blood of our murdered brethren will not , therefore , be allowed to cry from the ground in vain . With reference to the extreme stretch of
power assumed by the Justices of the Peace in prescribing labour to misdemeanants and first class prisoners , we . see that Captain Williams adduced the 38 fch section of the Act 4 , George IV ., as a justification of the local authorities . That section undoubtedly empowers the Justices to set the prisoners to any labour , " not severe by which they may earn their own maintenance . '' Even this , however , ought to be acted upon with caution in the case of first class prisoners , because it is clear that the sentence of the Superior Court simply implies deprivation of liberty . In the case of Mr .
• sharp—as in that of Mr . Williams—however , the labour they were required to perform , in accordance with the rules laid down by those sapient justices , was not only " severe , " but was absolutely the kind of labour which is assigned to the criminal class , who are specifically sentenced to hard labour by the Superior Courts . If earning his own maintenance , accordingto tho extent" and letter of the section referred to , was all that was required from Joseph Williams , why was he not employed ra his own trade , as a baker for the prison ? Butthe fact is , that such an addition is , in itself , altogether unwarranted and extra _-ii-di .
cial i JNo inferior authorities ought to have the power of adding to the sentence finally pronounced on any person b y a judge in an open court . & The circumstances attendant upon the death of Mr . Sharp were so similar to those mthe case of Mr , Williams , that we need not extend our remarks . The observations we made last week apply to both . We leam with pleasure that the Chartists ofthe Metropolis intend to honour the remains of this additional martyr to tho cause of political freedom with a Public Funeral , on £ Jg _? Z £ The procession will start from Gold / n-lane Barbican at tw clock
, o o ' , and will proceed thence along Chiswell-street , _Fmsbury Pavement _Moorgate-street , Princes-street , Cornhil _Leadenhall-streefc , AJdgate High-street , Whitechapei _Dog-row , and _Bethnal-green to the Victoria-Park Cemetery . We havo no doubt that thero will , on this _occasion ' be another display of respect for the dead , and of attachment to the causo in which _b-e died _$££ ??* Y \\ k \™ _M _«>» fun _^ l of Mr ! YVILLIAMS last Sunday ; and , -we . trust , th-.- * * tho _Widowa and _Orphans ' who S ££ protectors , wi receive substantial prooft o
- R~Nttrt ^ More Parson Plunder, Having ...
, Having shown , by evidence drawn from a variety of sources , that tho annual incom e f the Established Church , derived from tithes alone , cannot be less than six millions sterlii _,-we now proceed to examine the other _povtiofs of its revenues . The next item is the 'incomes derived from estates belonging to spiritual dignitaries ana ecclesiastical corporations , generall y termed episcopal and capitular estates . Tiiey wer e _originally bestowed under the notion that heaven could be propitiated through these do .
nations and the intervention of the priesu , - ¦ -that the sacrifice of property here would se . cure the soul ' s safety hereafter . The value of these estates was entirely unknown until Henby VIII * appointed a commission of it * . quiry into the ecclesiastical revenues , upoi _* . which he founded his scheme for the creati on of new bishoprics . Iu accordance with that scheme a ne _** v diocesan distribution took place and the value of episcopal estates iu the various sees was determined . The mere fact of such an inquiry and redistribution _Jiavinotaken place by the authority , and under tlie
auspices of the State , is suinweut proof that those estates must be looked upon as public property . They were , in fact , confisca ted from the timc of the abolition of the Eomish Church , and then- ownership vested in the Stato , which exercised uncontrolled power iu their disposal . In the subsequent adminis tration of ecclesiastical affairs this was partiall y lost sight of , and returns of the periodical in . crease of the value of these estates were not insisted upon as they ought to lure been _. With tho usual policy of the parsons ,
wherever their interests can be promoted by it , they have shrouded the subject in darkness ; and hence the Liber Regis—or record of Henry VIII . —is still the ouly authorised account of the value of monastic , episcopal , and cathedral property . Of course , the value of that property has enormously increased since that time ; and if we could precisely ascertain the amount of that increase , this portion of the Church revenue would then be seen in its full dimensions , spite of subterfuge or fraud . Its rate of advance has been variously stated . The returns of the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners for 1831 , gave an increase ot only sevenfold from the time of the Reformation , which contrasts marvellously with the four-fold in . crease of the value of tithes in the four ye ars from 1834 to 1838 . The net aggregate income from this source , according to these returns , was 435 , 049 / . But the incomes of many of the dignitaries were known to be considerably larger than such a rate of increaso would account for , and several bishops , when negotiating for large Parliamentary Joanswhich could only be obtained on condition of the episcopal estates being equal to their repayment within a specified
period—acknowledged themselves to be m receipt of incomes which proved these estates to have increased in value from twelve to fourteen-fold . The general calculation is , that property has increased more than twenty-fold in value during the last three centuries ; and as the Church property can only be leased for short periods , and is , therefore , constantly in the market , it may be fairly assumed that it has at least advanced in value as largely as any other kind of property . This assumption is borne out by the following extract from Mr . _Hobsjlin ' s speech on temporalities and church leases , August 2 nd , 1848 : —
1 believe few people have any idea of the value of the episcopal and capitular ostate 3 . No return of them has ever been made , nor is it likely to be , unless the government institute that inquiry for which I am now asking , and on which Parliament has a right to'insist . It is known , however , that these estates are immense , and that a very small portion of their rental comes into the coffers of tht * Church . They are leased on a system which makes the Jife interest ofthe bishop or chapter , for the time being , at
variance with the permanent interests of the Church , an d compels them to impoverish their successors in order to sustain themselves . I will not further describe the system , but will show you its results . When the committee on Church leases was sitting in 1838 , it attempted to get a return of the actual value of these leased estates . From some ofthe prelates and dignitaries they did receive them —others indignantly _vftfttsed any information . But those that did return them were sufficient to establish the whole
case : — The present Archbishop of Canterbury , then Bishop of Chester , returned liis income at .. £ 3 , 951 But the rental of his leased estate was 1 _(* , 236 Difference £ 12 , 285 The late Archbishop gave Ms income at 22 , 210 Rental 52 , 000 Difference £ 30 , 000 The la t e Archbis h op of Yor k , income 13 , 798 Rental 41 , 030 Difference £ 27 , 232 Some otliers were also given , but those I have cited suffice to establish , at least , a strong _j-rima / ficie evidence of what I contend for ; but I hold in my hand aparliamentary document , which works it out at greater length ; it is the calculation made by Mr . Finlayson , for Lord Melbourne ' s cabinet in 1838 , and is founded , on the returns of the Commissioners of Church Inquiry . Mi * . Finlayson takes the report of the Inquiry Commissioners , who give the annual sums derived from fines on episcopal and collegiate estates at 200 , 000 ? . The rental of these estates he takes to be 1 . 400 , 0001 ., and he states tliis to b < i s . ver * low estimate , and gives his reasons for so stating . I observe , also , that that estimate is adopted by the lessees and in a recent publication put forth by them , the gross value of these estates is calculated at 35 , 000 , 0001 .
It is true that the returns of the Bishops would make the amount much less , but we have already seen what they are worth . By a collation of the returns made successively during the last twenty years , it has been found that there has been a deliberate under-statement of the revenue of those dioceses , the incomes of which were to be curtailed , in order to provide more liberally for poorer Sees . When the late Archbishop of Cantep . thjp « . wanted permission from Parliament to borrow money for the repairs , enlargementand
deco-, ration ftf liis T / _llnr-na Ilia _nvm-iimi iimnmn ,,- ¦¦<* ration ofhis Palaces , his average income was stated by Dr . Lushington , his advocate , to be at least 32 , 000 / . ; but when he was required to furnish returns the following year , for the augmentation of thc income of poorer Sees , it then dropped down to 10 , 000 / , ! The Bishop of London has played the same game , and returned hi 3 income as being only 12 , 20-i _? . Since then a
_magnificent new city has been built on the Metropolitan Estate , bounded by the Edgewave Boad on the one side , and the Uxbrid ge Eoad on tho other ; yet this worthy Bishop still returns his income at J 2 , 000 / . ! Honest man I he derives no benefit from the streets of palaces that have beon erected on his ground ! The owners of these buildings are squatters who have taken possession without paying anything to him at all events !
< whole list of E piscopal returns show similar discrepancies , and are only valuaable as proving the nttev nnscrupulousness of the Clergy , from the highest to the lowest , in matters of finance . The facts we have adduced warrant the statement , thatthe income of the Church from this source , is at least a million and a half annually . The twenty-seven Bishops receiva about one-third of this large sum . The -remainder being swallowed by the rotten boroughs of the Church—thos © snug spiritual corporations which aiford so many " good things " to their members .
Not content -with the revenues derived from those Wo _sowces , the Clergy have invented new claims upon thc community , of a permanent character . In Scriptural language , they resemble the three daughters of the horse leech , whose cryi 3 still , Give ! Give ! Surplice fees and Easter offerings were _oriHna'lv presents to the Clergy on the occasions of christenings , _weddings , funerals , and oblations at the various festivals . They wore voluntary offerings . But they weie soon exacted as a right , and enforced by civil authority . This practice was condemned by _vanous oecumenical councils as Simony ; and tne _English establishment is the onlv
Protestant church which , has persisted in theso ™ f- A curious instance of the way in which these voluntary gifts -were -manufactured mto fixed exactions , may be mentioned . Ia omy times _buriiyl fee ? * WQro strictly probi <
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 22, 1849, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_22091849/page/4/
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