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LETTERS the advertiser FEBB -gAttr 38; 1...
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The Commons are steadily passing the var...
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RECEIPTS OF fHE NATIONAL LANO COMPANYFob...
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—«*^g»*—i THE ALLOTTEES OF TIIE O'CO^ORV...
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BRITISH COLLEGE OF HEALTH* Next Road, Lo...
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Tiie great chess match between London an...
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LETTERS TO THE WORKING CLASSES. LXXVI. "...
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RENE-VYED AGITATION ON THE TEN HOURS BIL...
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min —
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GUILDHALL.—Ciuhge ou Cb.uf.ity to a CniL...
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m#i& MteUigeme
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LANCASTER, The commission for the northe...
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The cook of a Modern Athenian, who latel...
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-,'v been roasted ^*]: [,y*^Wl8i|*p% by ...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Hopeless A Condition As When That Calami...
-hull have had the invariable effect of rousing _in _^ _ap-iioxvsm _offoi-y th e _pasBions of bigotry , mfel _ei-ance / and religious hatred , whieh have teen nursed and inflamed bya sectarian training , alike degrading to man , and opposed to tS phtat p rinciples ofthe Great Reformer , m whose name these madmen have hated , _persecnted , and murdered each other .
Letters The Advertiser Febb -Gattr 38; 1...
FEBB _-gAttr 38 ; 1850 . _ THE NORTBE _^^ _ST A _^ _, ___ 5 _. -
The Commons Are Steadily Passing The Var...
The Commons are steadily passing the various Bills tefore them through their successive _stages so thatthe Lords mil be supplied witt -irori-. sooner this Session than is usually the case . The Australian Colonies Bill has passed the seco _udreading , notwithstanding everybody disapproved of the single Chamber , composed partly of nominees . Mr . " _aloffatt ' s Bill , affectiug Bankrupt and Insolvent Members , which -was rejected last , year , has been again _rejected . Mr . Disraeli has played one of the " Protectionist cards he holds in his hand , and < -iven rise to a Protectionist debate , on which - _«* e shall have a few words to say nest week
The measure for the better *) dmniistratiou oi the AVoods and Forests also demands more space and attention than _*» ve can now give it . The other matters discussed have not been of a character calling for special remark .
Receipts Of Fhe National Lano Companyfob...
RECEIPTS OF fHE NATIONAL LANO COMPANYFob the "Webs _Exdecg Thubsdat , _IfcUKlUKT 21 , 1 S 5 Q . SHARES . £ s . d . £ s . a . _Sot _ti- _^ n . - 05 0 Bury .. - « « S EdiubuiS 1 ' * ° b -- * _*• " TOTALS . _XaadPund ... — ~ - _^ 3 0 Expense ditto _¦« " _n Transfeis ... « - Bonus ditto J ° 0 £ 2 10 0 W . Dixos , *& Doti . 1 _* , T . Claek , Her . Sec . V . _M-Gkath , Fin . Sec .
FOR COSTS OF MACNAMARA S _ACTIONTSppdved _Jrv W . Rn > --B . -J . Faulds , _Dunfernlinc , Is . ; JwCht _^ . T _« ro , per E . _Tresenzer G _^ ; Dudl _jv niarfets . per J . _Ravics , Ms . ; Tollcross _Cliarbstsi per \\ . mekwrC . Tri 5 tram , 5 s . ; _Swcastle-4 ipon-T _* -ne , per M . Juite , 10 s . ' , Dawick , per a Hunter If . ; Collected m _Jte-rs . Corbett , Ale-antler , and Cos . Factoi * - _* , Burnside . G ! a « -u ** -, , > er IT . _M'Ldlan . 2 s . 60 . -Ueeehvd at Lam > 0 * rncE .--3 dr . WiUsliere , 2 s . _* 6 i ; Kichard Bland , Gd . FOR THE AGITATION OF THE CHARTER . Beceived at ImXSD Oeoce . —Sontli London Mall , Ss . Becei _* -ed bv Jons _Aexott . — James Walter , _Draiiers _' - _plaKjSt . Pancras . 1 . DEBT DUE TO THE PRINTER . Reedrtd by W . Bidee . _—Xewcasfle-flpon-Tyne , per M . Jnde , lte . due _^ N ) XON >
Beceived liy W . _EiOTai . —Lefeli Cleave , Kochdale . Ol ; _afewChErtists , Truro , per £ . _Tregenzcr , & . 9 d . ; Twelvi Democrats , Ocklrewk , 5 s . ; Warwick , per G Tnsirain _, 5 s .: _CollectedinMessr * . _Corljett . Alexander , audio * -, taetorv , Bnrnsiue , Glassow , per IL M'Lcllan , 2 s . tid . TO EXEMPT PRISONERS FROM OAKUM PICKING . Beceived by W . Kioeu . —Part proceeds of Democratic _Basqner at Hamilion , per A . Walker , 10 s . ; Collected ii ; Jlessrs . _Cerljett , Alexander , and Cos . factory , Barnside . _Slasgow , per H . _31-Lcllsn _, 2 s . id . MRS- M-OOUALL . Beceived by W . Bideb . —Warwick . _psr-G . Tristram , 2 =. _ftflecieJ ia Jlessrs . Corbett . Ale-cander ., and Cos . Factory . "Bui-aside , _Glast-ow , per H . _Jl'Lellau , 2 s . Gd .
FOR WIDOWS OF THE LATE MESSRS . WILLIAM ! AND SHARP , Beceived by W . Bideb . —Collected in Messrs . Corbett Alexander , aad Co _' s . Factory , Burnside , Glasgow , per 11 H _' _Lellan , 5 s . TO REPAY MB . O'CONNOR FOR ADVANCES MADE TO EXEMPT PRISONERS FROM OAKUM _PJCKiNGBecehred by W . Bideb—Dewsbury , per J . Fox , 13 s . FOR EXPENSES OF TRIAL—O'CONNOR V . BRADSHAW . Received by TV . Rides _Jfoitinglnam , per . J . Sweet , 7 s . -. Leicester , a few Glove Hands , fis . ; Eccles , Land Members , per W . Gregory , 7 s . Cd . ; Jlr . Moore , London , Is . John Arnott , Somcrs Town , Is . FOR WIVES AND FAMILIES Of VICTIMS . Received by W . Rideb . — Greenwich Chartists , 2 s .: Hamilton , part proceeds ot Democratic Banquet , per A . - " Talker , 10 s . ; _Xewcastle-upon-Tyne , per Jl . Jude , lL 3 s .: Hawick , per C Hunter , 4 s .
NATIONAL VICTIM FUND . Beceived liy Jons _Abnott _, Secretary . —Philip Elliott , ls .: Digby _AniiS _LocaJiiy . perMr . Stokes , 5 _s . 2 d . ; Mrs . _Xenley . _lsT ; Mrs . Brown , Is . ; Mrs . Stor _^ coa , Is . ; Miss _Siinraontb , Is , Richard Bland . Cd . : Jlr . Rider , as per Star , 21 Is .
—«*^G»*—I The Allottees Of Tiie O'Co^Orv...
_—«*^ g _»*—i THE ALLOTTEES OF TIIE O'CO _^ ORVILLE ESTATE , TO F . _O'COXN'OK , ESQ , 31 . P . Respected Snt , —We have long observed , with regret , ihe numerous slanderous attacks made upon your character and motives in connexion with the _National land Company ; these attacks _comins from known and open foes we could well understand , and we felt neither grief nor alarm at their unmitigated hostility ; _butwhen we find this hostility evinced by those , to promote whose happiness and comfort you have devoted the whole energies of your life , we cannot restrain our feeling of grief and indignation at such ingratitude , ami are anxious to show our reprobation of the conduct of our brother allottees on the various other est-itos—fcnt .
more especially those at Minster Lovel , who , by tlieir insidious petition to thc Ilouse of Commons , have endeavoured once more to array against you your political opponents in that Assembly , and effect by treachery and fraud the dishonest purposes they have so _unhlushiugly avowed . We are the eldest location of the National Land Company , aad took possession of our allotments at a time when provisions were remarkably high ; this , combined wiih oar own want of experience , aud the successive
failure of the potatoe crop for the three past seasons , has caused us to have had many difficulties to encounter from whicli more favourable seasons wonld have fared us ; and we should then have been better able to demonstrate to the world , that happiness and prosperity are the natural and inseparable results of the plan of small farms which you have so long and so ably advocated . But , sir , we must be blind , indeed , and obstinately shut our eyes upon facts , if we in any way attributed our want of complete _sueecss to any eiror orwaut of kindness
on your part ; on the contrary , we acknowledge , with gratitude , that we have had every advantage afforded to us which the Rules ofthe Company ever promised , and have likewise received additional privileges and assistance f , ir beyond what we ever anticipated . We havelikewiseto thank vou for the leniency shown towards us in our payment of rent * and - * nth all sincerity , we . assure you , that we shall have both pride and pleasure in paying the arrears now due , as soon as our circumstances will permit . Trusting that you wiil not allow the ingratitude of the few to interfere with your efforts foi * the benefit of the many , and that you may soon see the allottees
on the various estates return to a sense of their duty , and express their regret thatthe sourness of temper , caused by the mishaps of bad _BeaBons , and the wily machinations of the enemies Of labour , should ever have caused them to revile oae sho has endeavoured to be their benefactor , With every sentiment of gratitude and respect , we remain yours , & c , ¦ _" " _ww . * - " rtin _Wheeler . John Lamhoume , _ftiHiam House , William Hoare , Charles Tawcs , Barbara _Yaughan , Robert Smith , Samuel _Aewsome , Alichael _Fitzsiranions , "Richard Avison , George William Wheeler , _Josenli
_mieeier , James Cole , James R , Betts , Joseph _White , William Dimmock , Martin Griffiths , _Ihomas Bea . ls , Thomas Merrick , Philip Ford , John II . Bradford , Thomas Eaton , John Sturgeon , W . Gamhill , William Liddle . George loeock , Joseph Baily , Stephen Blackborou « h .
British College Of Health* Next Road, Lo...
BRITISH COLLEGE OF HEALTH * Next Road , Loxnos . ' _M _^ _-syiiB _asaSSlSff Oh , the ' Guinea trade * ' * * - ' - * - - _»* * . We see by the newspapers that the man who received the £ 300 for Smith O'JJriai ' s _apprehtiniou has just _diedixTa most mysterious manner . Pray have any drops of « raius of morphia or strychnine been quietly given him ? Oh , _« h the guinea trade * " ' Ilygeists . again declare thai there is _safely for no one . Society is altogether jeopardised through tliese props of tbe guinea _irailr . Let the people arise ! 'J
see also the case of iliss Abercrombie , reported by Mr . Justice Talfourd , iu his final memorials of Charles Lamb . "M Tol p . 7 . She _tt-as also quietly sent out of the world _"a _' th strychnine , iu order to defraud the life insurance oEces _oflat-ge sums of money . Oh , oh , tlie guinea trade . Xo wonder , _felloir _countrj-mi-n . that with all these poisons of doctors there is so _' mudi disease , and that our lunatic asylums i e _cran-mrd ; the very blood of the people is _{ _tuisoned by 1 be j-jisons of doctors just as it is by _uwinil ; but _then _' ilie guinea trade benefits , and the world £ Jes round and round . "the _i-ritish College of Health and the Society of _ITj-gcists a _** ain remind all parties , however lug ) - their position may _«* , ihat ihey aie responsible to God , for supporting either directl y _w indirectly such an odious system as that of poisons hein » held out as medicines , in order to put _gumeas into the pockets ofa particular class—thc doctors .
Tiie Great Chess Match Between London An...
Tiie great chess match between London and _Am-Bicrdam for J 00 guineas , commenced nearly two years ago , has terminated in favour of Lond & ii , the " "• i ' i- * - resigning at tbo fiftieth move .
Letters To The Working Classes. Lxxvi. "...
LETTERS TO THE WORKING CLASSES . LXXVI . "Words are things , and a small drop ef ink FaHiii' _*' _—Iflte dew _^ upon a Uwught , produces That which makes thousands , perhaps millions think . " ETU . _OS .
THE TAXES ON KNOWLEDGE . TRIAL AND ACQUITTAL OF CARL SCRAPPER . BROTHER . PROLETARIANS , Mr . Milner Gibson ' s motion in favour ofthe repeal of the Taxes on Knowledge , is fixed for this night week , February 28 th ; there is , therefore , yet time for you to act on the advice g iven hy Mr . O'Connor , in last week ' s Star , to get up petitions in support of that motion . at
It is not without due consideration th I call on you to act on Mr . O'Connor ' s suggestion . So heartily sick am I of petitioning the House of Commons , that hardly on any other question would I deign to place my name to a sheet of paper , addressed to that assembly . Ia this case , however , I have already signed a petition in support of the princip le set forth in Mr . Milner Gibson s notice of motion . I have done so with the foil conviction that petitioning and motionmaking will cot have the desired result . I look upon the sheet I have signed as mere waste paper so far as that sheet is calculated to affect , the votes ef the " collective
wisdom . " I look to other measures—measures ofa v « ry different king to petitioningto carry the-repeal of the tases on knowledge . Nevertheless , with all my heart and _soral , I appeal to you to petition Parliament in support of Ms * . Milner Gibson ' s motion . I do so , becauss at the outset of what I trust will be a glorious and effective straggle to -batter down t"ke "bulwarks of ignorance , petHioning is necessery , absolutely indispensable . "Before any second step can be taJken , it must he _demoiistra-isd to _Parliament and the -country , that the people really wish for the repeal of these mfamoHS taxes . Tell the House of
Commons that you desire to have an untaxed , a cheap , and -au unfettered press . Tell ths worthy legislators , that _you-are determined * to have cheap aud unrestricted political knowledge . Tell them so respectfully , but _unrntft-ikeabl y , in hundreds of petitions , containing thousands and tcus of thousands of signatures . Let your _*** rants and _wishes he made known ; leave to-your rulers the _responsibiEty-of turning a deaf ear to your complaints aud demands—the _cou-rse they have nearly alwaye taken when you hare petitioaedthem ; and which if they do -Eofc take in -relation to this question , will most agreeabl y-surprise all who know them .
Consider the importance of this question . Remember that ignorance of their-peliticai and social -ri ghts yet holds immense -numbers of of our -order in willing or apathetic thrall . And consider that that ignorance is caused principally by the Taxes on "Knowledge . Those -ignorant masses constitute the worst drag on the progress of you who are enlightened . Next to the ignoranee and . apath y of numbers of the working order , the most formidable obstacle to yonr emancipation is that presented by the nnsernpiilous and diabolical -liostilitv of the Press . The
Parliament , the priesthood , judges , jurors , magistrates , -soldiers , police , all combined , are less powerful for evil than tlie Press-gang . The existing Press is a monopolist-press , aud its monopoly is maintained by the Taxes on Knowledge . The repeal of those taxes is the only way through which the press can he purified , and made the promoter , instead of the opponent , of Progress . The Taxes on Knowledge consist of—1 . The duty on Foreign Books . 2 . The duty on Paper , 3 . _Tfee Advertisement duty . i . The Penny Stamp on Newspapers .
The first _« f these taxes does not affect a very considerable number of your order . Yet there are always some even of your class , who , incited by a thirst for knowledge , or by a laudable ambition , acquire one or more foreign _languages , and who having achieved that acquirement naturally desire to enjoy the rich mental repast to be found in the literature of France , Germany , See . Again , there are . thousands of young men not absolutely of your order , but in reality as pool' as yourselves , whose education necessarily includes a knowledge of one or more languages besides their mother-tongue ,
and who , if they desire to turn that knowledge to account , find the tax on foreign books , adding as it does to the cost of those " articles of import , "' a serious obstruction to their mental progress . Some £ 8 , 000 yearly , is the amount produced by this tax which might at once be dispensed with , if the Government would but commence the good work of retrenchment , by cutting down onl y a few of the sums lavished on the publie locusts . The duty on foreign books dishonours this country in the eyes of foreign nations , and should be at once expunged from the tariff .
All kinds of paper pay a duty of three-halfpence per pound . The sum total of revenue from this source is about £ 7-50 , 000 ; at least half of which is paid on paper used for printing purposes . On the daily journals , this paper duty is about one farthing per copy . It bears most ruinously on the penny and other cheap publications ; so much so , indeed , that tha Messrs . Chambers . were forced to discontinue the / r Halfpenny Tracts , notwithstandin _g they had attained a weekly circulation of 80 , 000 copies ; and that discontinuance was caused solely by the operation of the tax on paper . Considering the support given in
the publications of the Messrs . Chambers to the cold-blooded doctrines of the political economists , the supremacy of the masterclass , and the perpetuation of " wagesslavery "—the public suffered no great loss by the discontinuance of the Tracts . But had the said Tracts been in all respects as good as in some respects they were pernicious , thc result of the paper tax would still have been the _sair . e . That tax has hel ped to ruin many valuable publications , and has been a bar to the production of many more which , otherwise , might have existed , flourished , and spread abroad the blessings of roall y useful knowledge . -
, The Advertisement Duty —in Eng land Is . Gd ., and in Ireland Is . on each adverfcisment—is a most unfair and injurious tax . It is unfair , because no distinction is made between the ad vertisement of five lines , and that of one or more columns . The domestic servant , advertising for employmentand expending his or her last few shillings on the desperate chance of advertising _in the Times , is charged by the Government precisely the same as tho aristocrat , the merchant , the money-lender , the slop-seller , tho quack , & c , who may have estates for sale—the precious
produce of far distant lands to dispose ofsuperfluous cash to lend " on good security "the work of plundered needlewomen to sell at prices " wonderfully low "—or cure-every thing pills to distribute at thc usual philanthropic charge of " Thirteenpeuce-half penny per box —Government stamp included . " The person advertising for employment is taxed by the Government , at the rate of at least thirty per cent . While the monied advertiser , occupy ing a column or more of a journal , pays not one per cent . The injurious effects of this tax arc at
present felt mainly by small traders ; but I have already said sufficient to show its injurious effects as regards those of your order , who have recourse to advertising ; it should be added that thousands of your class who never think of advertising under present circumstances , would do so in the event of a repeal of the duty . In America , where there is no tax on advertisements , all classss are in the habit of advertising . An advertisement of six lines in a New York paper circulating from 20 , 000 to 50 , 000 cop ies , will cost
Letters To The Working Classes. Lxxvi. "...
the advertiser from one to two shillings , English money . Hundreds of small traders keep their announcements unceasingly before the public , nt the j ; ate of a little above sixpence a day . The number of newspaper advertisements m the United Kingdom , in the year 1848 , was something above two millions , the number in the United States , in the year 1347 , amounted to upwards of eleven millions . In
trade and commerce , England is unrivalled ; and the population of these islands still exceeds that ofthe United States bv some eig ht millions , yet the number of newspaper advertisements m the American States , maybe fairly estimated to amount to six times the number published in this country ! A striking contrast , which the admirers of oui * glorious institutions amongst the advertising classes , would do well to ponder on .
The last , and most infamous of tho Taxes on Knowledge , is tho Penny Stamp on Newspapers . This tax produces upwards of three hundred and sixty thousand pounds . The Newspaper Stamp Abolition Committee , deduct from this amount two hundred aud ten thousand pounds , for Post-office and other expenses . Itis pretended that Government gives an equivalent for this taxia transmitting
, the papers through the Post-office free of postage . It would be fair to charge a reasonable postage on papers as on letters ; but why should a paper , published and retailed in London , be charged a penny above its value , on the ground of postage ? Aholish the stamp , and , if need be , the paper _celling in Loudon for one penny , twopence , or threepence , might be posted to Manchester at the cost of one
penny extra to the purchaser living in that town . So -also a Manchester paper mi g ht circulate at a price _corresponding to its actual worth ha "that town , but be subjected to a reasonable rate of-postage if seat ' to the Metropolis . With ihe stamp repealed , not a town in _England of any im portance , but wharf ; would have one or more newspapers devoted to the interests of the working classes . If in -addition to the abolition of the stamp , the taxes on
paper and advertisements were also -flepealed , the Times would-be forced by competition to lower its price , to afrleastthreepence . Twopenny papere would be _^ isore numerous than threepenny papers , and not improbably penny papers would fee more numerous than either . Then instead ofthe working man paying twopence for a pint of beer , or _three-iiatlitipence for a _haSr-pint of -coffee , to get a _momentary _glance at a morning or evening newspaper , he weuid be able as he returned iheme from
his work , to purchase his daily pennyworth of political information , with whicli , by his own tire-side , he could enlighten himself and his family concerning the doings of tlie Government of his own country—the ppliticial and social struggles of his own class—the movement * of Foreign Powers , and events transp iring in all parts of the world . Can any man be blind to the results which :
would necessarily now from so important , so veritable a reform ? If " knowledge is power ;" if "for a nation to love Liberty , it is sufficient that she knows it ; " if "for an enlightened people to be free , 'tis -sufficient that they will it ; " ' would not a cheap , untaxed , and unfettered Press diffuse political information — make known the beauty and glory of liberty , and inspire the millions with tho resolute will tobe free ?
With a Free Press , the Charter would be easy of obtainment ; and , better still , the enactment of that Charter would find the people educated in a knowledge of their rights—social as well as political ; therefore fitted to make a glorious . use of Universal Suffrage ; and thereby armed against , the designs of public adventurers and political intriguers , of whom there are always too many on the look out for opportunities to turn public ignorance to their own account , and to traffic in popular credulity for their own advantage .
The history of these Taxes on Knowledge , and the . Russian-like laws by which the Penny Stamp is maintained , I purpose to com . ment on in a future letter , when I will also speak further on the injurious effects of those taxes , and the benefits that will result from their repeal . In the meantime I reiterate my appeal , that you will petition in support of Mr . Milner Gibson ' s motion . The Newspaper Stamp Abolition Committee have published the following form of a petition : — To the Honorable tue House of Commons , the _Pet'thm * of tiie Undersigned . ( Here insert their Description and locality . )
Showeth , —That all Taxes which specially and directly impede the iJiffusion of Knowledge , ' arc injurious to thc best interests of the PuWic . Tliat tlie Tax upon newspapers—called the Stamp ; the Excise duty upon Paper , and the Tax upon Advertisements are direct obstacles t » the spread of all kinds of valuable information amongst the great body of the People . Your Petitioners therefore pray , that the Excise lax upon Paper , the Tax upon Advertisements , and the Stamp Tax upon Newspapers , may be abolished , leaving the proper authorities to fix a small charge for the transmission of Newspapers by the Post . Asd tour Petitionees wnx ever PitAV .
This _^ form of petition must be copied in writing , as no printed petitions are received ; every person signing it should state his or her name and address ; it may then be directed , open at the . sides , to any Member of the House of Commons , who will receive it post free . Brother Proletarians , you are all acquainted with the name of Carl Schapper—to hundreds in this Metropolis he is personall y known . After having passed many years in exile , the events of March , 1848 , enabled him to return to his country , whither he conveyed his' wife
and children . Taking np his residence in Cologne , he became connected . with the New Rhenish Gazette , edited by my talented , energetic , and valued friends , Dr . Marx , Frederick Engels , _Crcorgo Worth ( who defended the English Chartists at the Brussells Free Trade Conference ) , the celebrated poet Freiligrath , & c . The first triumphs of the reaction in Prussia led to our friend Schapper _' s arrest . After remaining a considerable time in confinement , he was brought to trial and acquitted . In June , 1849 , he was one of a number of Delegates who attended a
Democratic Congress at Iustem , m _JNassau , at which Conference it appearscertain resolutions savouring of " physical force" were adopted by the Delegates in support of the German Constitution . The Nassau Government had an agent at the Conference in the character of a reporter or spy —[ the two characters are often combined in one individual in this country ] and on his denunciation Carl Schapper and ten others were arrested . After seven or eight months detention , our friend and his compatriots have just undergone a trial for High Treason . Two Quarterly Sessions
passed without bringing the accused to trial At length they were arraigned , the Government hop ing to have the assistance ofa jury of ORDER-MONGERS . On the 1 resident asking his p lace of residence , Car Schapper replied , " the residence assigned me b y your Government is the prison of cjiminals . '' The prisoners and their counsel based tbeir defence upon the principle , that whenever a constitution is violated by a _government it is the rig ht and duty of every
, citizen to oppose that Government even by an appeal to arms . After a trial of eight days , _Sejury unanimously acquitted the > d _. o c t the accused , who were foithwith * _b _*> _W * i-The trial took p lace at Wiesbaden and the enthusiastic people carried the . _emitted 1 Demo _cratstothe large _« ° _^ ' « _ulci e « i Fraternal banquet was held . _toto _»«»* S there took p lace a sp lendid torch-hgh _piecession , and a grand serenade , » _*^ ° f J _5 j KhcLtnA _frfonife of the nc ople . A joyous
agitation pervaded the whole city unt . late m night , and , indeed , itis impossi » J _J do jaj _^ tice to the patriotic fervour and enthusiasm ot the people . , i „ „; , One circumstance is to be dep lored--a _encumstauce that must infuse bitterne ss into the cup of Carl Schapper ' s triump h . _W n _* - ** 1 U
Letters To The Working Classes. Lxxvi. "...
prison , his wife died , in-child-bed , leaving * be . new-bom infant , ' and three other young children- —deprived of the care of both parents , the one removed by the natural hand of-death —the other b y the unnatural hand of brigand fF _^ - Happil y , the latter may now rejoin his children . Mrs . Schapper was an Englishwoman , and her remains were followed to the grave by the Proletarians of Cologne , who also made arrangements for the protection of the children of their friend . Honour to the people of Cologne ! honour to the people of Wiesbaden ! honour to Carl Schapper ! and to all who , like him , struggle and suffer for the good cause—Democratic and Social !
_ L'AMI DU PEUPLE Feb . 21 , 1850 .
Rene-Vyed Agitation On The Ten Hours Bil...
_RENE-VYED AGITATION ON THE TEN HOURS BILL . The lato decision in thc Court of Exchequer , which contrary to every expectation has , for the moment , legalised the hateful and tortuous system of relays and , in point of fact , destroyed the humane principle of John Ficldcn _' s Factory Act . has caused such a sensation in the manufacturing districts of Lancashire , Yorkshire and Cheshire as tho oldest person living cannot remember . The Central Committeo in Manchester having called a meeting of delegates from the different factory districts , a preliminary meeting of thc friends of tlie cause was held on Saturday evening last at the Spread Eagle Inn , Manchester , at whioh were present Mr . T . Fielden , chairman ; Messrs . Wood , Walker and Rawson , of Bradford , Messrs . John and Joshua Fielden of TodmordenMr . Stephens of Ashton
, , Mr . Wm . Taytor of Crompton , Mr . Richard Cobhett of Manchester , and several members of the Central Committee . At this , meeting the present position of the factory question was discussed with great animation , and attempts were made to form resolutions to be proposed at the approaching delegates' meeting , Differences , however , arose according tothe views of the different persons present , some being wishful that a declaratory bill should be brought _icto the House of Commons by Lord Ashley , and others , having lost their confidence in his lordship , in consequence ofa letter wliich he wrote immediately after the death ef the late Mr . John Fielden recommending to the factory operatives to compromise the cause by accepting a bill for ten hours aad half
a a day ; not being able to unite in favour - » f Lord Ashley , it was unanimously agreed that _tbedelcgates about to assemble in tlie morning should be left unbiased to follow their own course . The only important fact that transpired was , that Lord Ashley had stated that " the . Prime Minister ana the Home Secretary had had the meanness to wait _uipon him to agree , on the part of thc operatives , Mi Eleven Hours Bill , which proposal bis lordship refused to accede to , but ultimately agreed to recommend to the operatives to accept a bill for ten hours and a half per day . " Itis not -easy to describe the astonishment with which this announcement , -coming as it . did from the best authority , was received . Letters from the Rev . G . S . Hull , Mr .
Ferratid , Mr . Oastler , and other old friends of the cause , who were prevented from being present , were read . There was but one sentiment expressed , as well ia these communications as in the conversational remarks ofthe gentlemen who were present , that , namely , of strict adhesion to the well-known meaning and intention ofthe Ten Hours Act . On Sunday morning the delejrates assembled at their usual , place of meeting , the Cotton Tree , Great Ancoats-street , Manchester . That place , however , was found to be too small for the extraordinary number of factory representatives , whom thisalarming crisis in the factory question had brought together . It . was observed that no former meeting of delegates had amounted to more than ninety
persons . On this occasion the number was increased to over 220 , who represented twenty-six districts and towns in three counties , demonstrating this fact well worthy of the notice of Majesty- —namely , that although the government may allow themselves to be rough-ridden by the cotton-lords , the factory operatives are determined to hold fast by that law , which they now call their . Magna Charta—thoy have felt its benefits—they have tasted of its sweets—and they have resolved that no power on earth shall deprive them of the least portion of thoir well-earned and dear-bought liberty . Had the
Prime Minister been present at this meeting he would have discovered that there is still left in England a power stronger than that of the cotton lords , to which he succumbs , a power which a wise ruler— -under the present peculiar circumstances of this monarchy—would take heed to cherish , rather than vainly attempt to destroy . After the preliminary business of ascertaining from each delegate the particular interest that he was sent to represent had been gone through , the meeting adjourned from the Cotton Tree to a large hall ih tho neighbourhood , colled'tbe People ' s "' Institute , ' which wns obtained" on the spur of the moment .
Mr . Paul' jHabokkaves being unanimously called to thochair , . Mr .. 'Oastler presented himself to the meeting ; and said : —Mr . Chairman and Delegates , I appear here in consequence of an invitation which I have received from the Central Committee , the Fielden Association for the protection of the Ten Ilours Act , and also at the niost urgent request of Mr . Samuel ' . Fielden , who , I am sorry to say , is ill in London : butlam bound to tell you that I have come from London contrary to my own feelings and judgment .. ' "fVithout entering into any reasons , I nope that you will favour me by passing a , unanimous resolution that yon will manage your own business without any interference of mine , It has been suggested to me , by Mr . T . Fielden , that some of you would think it disrespectful towards mc thus
to vote . ; To _. all such , arid to every delegate present I beg to state , that I shall esteem such a vote as a great personal favour . I have many reasons for believing , 'that on this occasion the delegates—and the delegates only—should , without any advice or recommendation'from rae , adopt their own plans , and take their own course . I hdpo there will be no discussion upon the question _. ' but that you will at once grant my request ; allow me to take my hat and wish you a good morning . Some discussion ; however , did take place , and it was . resolved that Mr . Oastler should be requested to remain . The usual resolution , that each speaker should be confined to ten minutes—but in this caso with an understanding that Mr . Oastler was to speak ad libitum , on all questions- _^—was put and narried .
Mr . Oastler then stepped forward , and said — Mr . Chairman and Delegates , my principles will not allow that I should Have a favour m discussion over others . You have limited yourselves to ten minutes , and I can never en this great question suffer myself to be limited to either minutes or hours . You have , therefore , without intending it , honourably relieved me from any longer attendance here . I -wish you all a very good morning , earnestly praying that God's holy spirit may enlighten ' you in your deliberations , and lead you to the adoption of the best resolutions for the promotion of the great object for which you have assembled . Mr . Oastlbr was then withdrawing , when _^ delegate begged to ask him two questions : namely , what sort of a bill he would recommend the delegates to ' support , and what members of parliament he would advise them to entrust it to ! ' i ¦'
Mr . OXSTLEit said , that those two questions could not be answered by him without giving reasons , which would occupy more timo than he should feel himself warranted in robbing them of . ' Another delegate said , before 1 Mr . Oastler leaves lis I wish to ask him if he will abide by the resolutions that this meeting may come to _^ and afterwards by his influence , iri public and private , _support the measure and the men sanctioned by us ? ¦ ' Mr . Oastler then returned to the front of the platform and said : " Assuming that this meeting will adopt measures to secure an efficient Ten Hours Act , I have no hesitation in assuring you all , that I will most strenuously endeavour to carry out that wish both in public and private as far as
my influence extends ; and whomsoever you select as your parliamentary leader shall have my support . If any person imagines that I could by any possibility make myself a clog or an impediment to the advancement of the cause of the Ten Ilours Bill , that person does not read my heart . But , Mr . Chairman , there is one thing which I shall reserve myself the ri ght to do . Whilst on every occasion at your public mcetinj-s and elsewhere I shall endeavour to advance tlio Ten Hours Bill cause , I shall also , without proposing any amendments or causing any divisions standing as I do as a sort of link between the last and tlio coming generation , endeavour to infuse into the nest agitation for the Ten Ilours Bill the heart-thoughts of our departed leaders , Sadler and Fielden . I know what they were ; ay , and the former opinions of Lord Ashley shall not be forgotten . It will be my business to
take care that those hearts thoughts shall be engrafted on the mind of the coming age . I need not now tell you what they were ; but this I will let out : Sadler has often said to me ' Oastler , they ought not to call tho Ten Hours Hill a humane measure ; it is after all a cruel bill . '" ( Cheers . ) Mr . Oastler then withdrew . On the first resolution being proposed to the effect that tho peoplo inflexibly adhered to the principles of the Ten Ilours Bill , several delegates spoke in favour of placinga restriction on the moving power as the only effectual means of securing the object they had in view . It was remarked that it was the universal opinion of tho operatives that in no other way could $ he cunning and cruelty of the masters bo successfully restrained . This suggestion , however , was thought to be premature and , under present circumstance ' , it wns thought
Rene-Vyed Agitation On The Ten Hours Bil...
to be most advisable to be content with a simple I declaratory bill . I The next part of tho business Was—to whose caro the bill should be intrusted in tho two Houses of Parliament ? It was proposed that Lord Ashley and Lord John Manners should take charge of it in the Commons . It was _stated that Lord Ashley having for many years devoted much time and attention to the Ten Hours Bill , tlio friends of that measure should not deal too hardly with him in consequence of thc unfortunate letter which he had written to the operatives , recommending a compromise with the enemy . Lord John Manners was spoken of with very great respect and with hopefiilnpss . as a noblemaii who had evinced a most
earnest desire to elevate the condition ot the workin" classes in every branch of industry . Several of tlio delegates urged the addition of the name of Mr . George Bankes , and it was ultimatclyunanimously _resolved that Lord Ashley , Lord John Manners , and George Bankes _, Esq ., should be requested to take charge of the bill in the Ilouse of Commons . It was further agreed without any discussion , that the Earl of Ellcsmore and Lord _Feversham should be requested to take charge ofthe bill in the Bouse ef Lords . It was also resolved that four delegates , all of them persons now working in mills , should be sent to London to canvass members of parliament , and give them such information on tho subiect as _iniorht be nccessarv : also that public meetings
should be held in the factory districts , and petitions promoted to the two Houses of Parliament . A long and' somewhat stormy discussion then ensued respecting the conduct of the Contral Committeo in recent matters , which resulted in a resolution entirely to alter its constitution , and make it , instead of a Manchester , a county committee , faithfully representing the opinions ofthe people in all the surrounding districts . Tlie business of tbe meeting having been concluded , several of the delegates expressed a wish that , as Mr . Oastler was in Manchester , he should now be called in and be requested to give his opinion on the state of the question as it at present stands before the publie . This being agreed to , Mr . Thomas Fielden was sent for Mr .
Oastler , who in a short time appeared , and was received with tremendous cheering . Mr . Oastler said : Mr . Chairman and Delegates , You have now settled your business , and our friend , Mr . Thomas Fielden , informs me that you wish mo to say a few words in reference to the positioninwhichwe now stand , having had the decision of tho Court of Exchequer against our interpretation of the meaning of the Ten Hours Act . I have observed with deep regret , that tho Home Secretary—representing her Majesty in the Ilouse of Commons—has already basely misrepresented our case . Ho is reported to have said , in answer to a question from Lord Ashley , that ho understood both parties would be satisfied with the decision of
tho judges . Now , I am here without any hesitation to assert , that when Sir Gworge Grey thus disgraced himself to please his masters—the cotton-lords—he knew that he was asserting that which was false . He knew that we had never agreed to take any thing short of a really efficient Ten Hours Act , and that if the judges did decide against us , that we were resolved never to rest until we had obtained the full benefits for which we had been labouring for more tlian tliirty years . "Sow , no man knew this better than Sir George Grey ; and when he , in his place in the House of Gommons—representing her most gracious Majesty—dared to give utterance to that falsehood , he knew that ho was telling an untruth to support tyranny , that he , was spenking -a falsehood
to crush the industrious poor . But now to the legal question . We are taunted by tho press in the interest of our opponents , with being very ignorant on the subject of law . We plead guilty—we arc not lawyers—we aro poor working men . We are told that wc ought to ask pardon of the cotton-lord magistrates , and I don ' t know what besides . To that we demur . We took the interpretation of the law from the Attorney-General and the Solicitor-General of Sir Robert Peel ' s government , and from the Attorney-General and Solicitor-General of Lord John Russell ' s government ; and wo , poor ignorant creatures , are now forsooth , to be blamed for taking the opinions of thc highest legal authorities of the crown—authorities which every other class of
persons constantly rank as next to tho Judges of the land . We knew what we meant by the Ten Hours Act , and wc thought that those high legal authorities wero capable of giving the true legal interpretation of the Act . And I believe so still . Without impugning the honour _. or the legal talent of tho Judges , I have no doubt that , had the case been fairly and fully put before them , their decision would haTC been in our favour . Lord Althorpe ' s Twelve ' Ilours Factory Act was passed in 1833 . Under tliat act relays were deemed to be legal , and were practised by some few outside cotton-spinners , very much to the annoyance of the great cotton-lords of the district . In 1844 , Sir James Graham brought in his Twelve Ilours
Factory Act . In that act a clause was introduced , at thc suggestion of the great . cotton-lords themselves —we , tne Ten Ilours Bill men , having nothing to do with it—for the express and avowed purpose of preventing relays . That clause was settled by the cotton-lords themselves , this factory inspector , the Home Secretary , and the Attorney .. and Solicitor Generals , with no other view than to . put a stop to those little manufacturers who . _, were gaining an advantage over their , richer neighbours by working lvlays under the act of 1833 . When the . act of 1844 was . passed , a few iiislanccs of relays were still attempted to be worked . ! Representations were niade to Sir James Graham , and under his authority , and under the authority of the law advisers of the
Crown , they were declared to be illegal ; and during , the ministry of Sir Robert Peel the question was settled . _JN ay , even under the present ministry , the opinions of the Attorney and Soliciter-Generals were taken ; and until John Ficlden ' s act of 1847 was passed , it was universally admitted by the lawyers , the magistrates , and the cotton-lords themselves , that relays wero illegal . And wliat did the act of 1847 do " in this case ? NoShing whatever . The clause against relays in tho act of 1844 is not altered , interfered with , or meddled with at all . It remains as much thc law of England as it was then , having received this further confirmation of the intention ofthe legislature , that , during the last
debate on John Ficlden ' s Act in the House of Commons , Mr . Denistoun , the member for Glasgow , attempted to induce Ihe house to insert a clause in tho act of 1847 legalising relays , and failed therein the house rejected it . 'Had these facts come before tbe judges , they could not have doubted' what was the intention of thc _legislature ; I will add no more at present . We shall have many occasions of meeting _together shortly , and if all the world beside should be doomed to tremble at the nod of thc cotton-lords and thoir slavish Home Secretary , we will let them know that the law shall yet be mado strong enough even for them . Good night , my lriends , goodlnight . ( Loud cheers . ) The meeting then broke up .
Min —
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Guildhall.—Ciuhge Ou Cb.Uf.Ity To A Cnil...
GUILDHALL . _—Ciuhge ou Cb . uf . ity to a _CniLD , —Mr . Edward Kcnealy , barrister , of No . 4 , Southsquare , Gray ' _s-inn , was brought up in custody , on the " charge of cruelly beating his child , who went under the name ot Edward Hyde . —Tho child was placed on the table before tho alderman , and repeated tho statement of how he had been treated ; but said that although ho was hung up , it was not by the neck , but his hands were tied together , and he was then hung up . He was partly stripped , and the wounds , which had such a shocking appearance on Wednesday and Friday last , were fast heiiling .- _^ Mr . Kenealy stated that he had treated
the child with kindness , and denied that he was so cruel as had been represented in the accounts of the case put forward in the newspapers , which , he asserted , were highly coloured . He aid not deny having beaten tho child , but he had done so only as a parent should , and not with undue severity . He . then put a number of questions to the boy as to whether he did not behave kindl y to him , allow him to kiss his ( defendant ' s ) hand , wash and dress him , buy him toys , < fco ., teach him some fine songs , instruct him in reading and writing , and reprove him if he told a fib , to all of which questions thc boy gave a ready reply in the affirmative . —The child was again exhibited , and the result was hisses from most parts of the justice room . —Sir
Peter Laurie said it would bo necessary to remand the case for the evidence of a surgeon and somo other witnosses , as he thought it was a case for a jury to decide . He should remand tho caso until Thursday , and would take bail himself in _^ _-SSO , and two sureties in £ 40 . —A cabman stepped forward , and said that if the Alderman would permit him lie would take the child home and bring it up with his children . —Sir P . Laurie said he could not do anything of the sort . Several persons in court , who had heard the case , had made similar applications , and amongst theni was the name of a knight well known in the medical world . Ho appreciated the good feeling that prompted him such offers , tut ho had no power to dispose of tho child in such a way . —Mr . Kenealy was hailed out and thefem . ile Summers discharged , On Thursday Mr . Kenealy again appeared before
Sir Peter Laurie and Alderman Hunter , charged with brutally ill-treating his natural child , by hanging it up and flogging it in a most cruel manner , from its ankles to the nape of its neck . Some additional evidence having" been heard , Sir Peter Laurie intimated that the magistrates intended to send the caso to tho Middlesex Sessions . —Mr . Burnie _, on behalf of Mr . Kenealy , proceeded to contend that the beating was not so severe that the magistrates might not deal with it summarily . Ho claimed thc right ofa father to correct his child to any necessary extent , and as long as a child continuod contumacidiis the chastisement must bo continued by the father . The child must not be the victor . —Sir Peter Laurie said it was not a question for summary jurisdiction , but for a jury to decide whother
Guildhall.—Ciuhge Ou Cb.Uf.Ity To A Cnil...
he had not exceeded hia duty by correcting the child too severely . Tho case must go to the sessions . —Mr . Kenealy was allowed . at large , " on condition of his appearing with his bail on Saturday to answer the charge on the 5 th of March . Charge of Criminal Assault —J . Solomon , of Little Britain , again appeared before Sir Peterf . aurie and Alderman Ii ( inter , to answer the _charge of committing a rape on his father ' s servant . —Mr . Lonsdale , solicitor , said that he attended on behalf of one of the brothers of the girl , and wished for a remand , as she had been taken away , and her friends were most anxious to know where she was . He understood a sum of £ 50 had been given to the girl not to _procre . l iurther in the case . —Mr . Lewis objected to such a statement being made to prejudice his client
, when he mi ght know nothing whatever of any money be . ng paid .-S jr Peter Laurie preferred hearing what Mr . Lonsdale had to Fay .-Mr . Lonsdale said , tbat alter the last examination on Friday the girl went to her lodgings and remained there untd Monday , when her sister , a Mrs . Bradshaw , took her away , saying that she was her guardian . —Some further investigation took place , but no additional facts possessed of public interest were elicited . —Sir Peter Laurie said he should remand the case , as it was one of an aggravated nature , and where , most likely , chloroform had been used . It was much used now , and for most disgraceful purposes , which must be put an end to . It it was allowed to be used for such purposes , then he _should regre ' t that such a valuable discovery had
ever been made . —Mr . Lewis thought that the mere ex-partc statement of tbe girl , ought not to induce the alderman to imagine that chloroform had been used . —Mr . Alderman Hunter said that , from the girl ' s evidence , it was plain some _noxhusdrug had been _administered . —Sir P . Laurie , said he should remand ihe case until Tuesday next , and increase the bail , requiring Mr . _Snlomon to enter into his own recogr . _is'incc of £ 200 , and two sureties in £ 100 each . — Mr . Lewis hoped that , at the next examination , some tangible charge would be made out—Sir P . Laurie said he should remand the case from time to time until the girl -was forthcoming . —The required bail was forthcoming , and Mr . Solomon left the court with his friends .
_MAlfi'LEUOXE . —Attempted Murder and SuiciDF ,.--Fjlizabeth _Hiqgins , tho wife of a wheelwright living at 33 , Little Carlisle-street , Poi tman-market , was brought up on the heinous charge of having attempted to murder her three children , of the respective ages of seven years , five years , and seven months , by drowning , and to terminate her own existence by the samo means . —Ann West , 32 , Orcasstrcet , Paddington , deposed that on Monday , evening last , at a quarter to seven o'clock , as she was coming up the Bloomfield-road , adjoining tha Regent ' s Canal , she saw the prisoner on the towing path , with the baby in her arms , and the other twit children by her side . She lowered the baby gently into the water , in order , no doubt , to avoid th 6 noise wliich a splash would have caused , and upoa
witness observing this by looking between some * palings , she instantly gave the alarm . Thc prisoner then put another child into the canal in the samo way , and having done that , she went in herself , dragging the third child in with her . — Mr . Broughton : Did you hear any screaming- from either of them ?—Witness * . One of the children cried out " Father , " and ' another " Help ! " A man came running towards me , and I said to him , " For Gcd ' s sake , master , make haste , for there ' s a woman and her children drowning . " He pulled off his coat and hat , and was going to jump in , when another young man plunged head ' foremost into the water , and being a good swimmer , he fortunately succeeded in rescuing the prisoner and her family . At tho doctor ' s to whom they had been
taken and properly attended to , the first expressions used by the prisoner , as soon as she was in some measure restored , were , " What has become of my dear children ? " I had her baby in my arms , and when she saw it she' burst into a flood of tears . —J . Rollins a painter , living at 6 , Devonshirestreet , Lisson-grove , stated that hearing loud cries for _assistance , he hastened to the spot , and divesting himself of a portion of his upper clothing , " at once plunged into the canal , on the surface of which he perceived four persons floating in the middle " of the water , the depth of which was very considerable . He laid hold of and brought out the prisoner and two children , and just as he handed them . to some persons on the bank , a boat came along which prevented him at the moment from seeking for the
other child . As soon , however , as it passed by he again swam out , in order to find the remaining one , if possible , and was in the act of swimming back _, again , thinking that the case was hopeless , when his . foot struck against something , and on putting his hand down as low as he could , he seized hold of the other child by its clothes , and got it out ; it was then , to all appearance , dead . —The husband , who sat by the side of the bar , had in his arms one of tho children , five years old , and who was so miraculously saved . —Mr . SturtandMr . Humby _, surgeons , wcre _^ examined , and they deposed to the dangerous condition in which the prisoner and two of her
children wero when brought to them in a cab . —The prisoner said she had no questions to put to either ofthe witnesses , and stated that her husband ' s neglect and illtreatment had brought . her into all the trouble ; . at the time of her attempting to drown herself and children her mind was in such " a state that she knew not what she was about . —Mr . Broughton remarked impressively upon the heinous nature of . the . crime alleged . _agaijirrt the . prisoner , and said that ho . was bound to sohd her for trial ; she would be brought up again next . Wednesday ; when , after the depositions had been " taken down in due form and read over , she would be committed .
M#I& Mteuigeme
m # i _& MteUigeme
Lancaster, The Commission For The Northe...
LANCASTER , The commission for the northern division of Lancashire was opened on Saturday last , before Mr . Baron Rolfe and Mr . Baron Alderson . The business of the assize was resumed on Monday morning , Sending a Threatening Letter . — -William Walker was charged with sending a threatening letter to John _Willick Thompson in order to obtain money .-Mr . M'Oubray appeared for the prosecution , and Mr . Whigham for the prisoner . —The prosecutor it appeared , is an attorney at Lancaster practising in tho Insolvent Court , and the prisoner had been employed by him as his clerk . They separated on some misunderstanding , and the prisoner sent him in a bill of £ 11 for his services , which the prosecutor refused to pay ; upon which the prisoner wrote to him a letter requiring hi 3 account to be settled by tho followinff Saturday or lie would
proceed against hini in the county court ; and also stating he should not stop there , but it was his intention to indict him for perjury in an affidavit in the Insolvent Court , stating the particulars which he should prove ; but stating that if he would settle the prisoner ' s accouut he should n © t proceed against him . The prisoner afterwards did take proceedings in the county court , and obtained £ 5 . —For the defence it was contended that this was not a threatening letter to extort money , but to obtain the payment of a debt . —His lordship in summing up said , -whether the money were owing to the prisoner or not made no difference , and that if tho letter had in any way hastened the payment of the debt , the indictment would be supported . — The Jury found tho prisoner " Guilty , " and he was sentenced to be imprisoned nine months .
Manslaughter . —Henry Glover was indicted : for the manslaughter of Edward Latham , at Preston , on the 24 th of Sep . last , —Mr James and Mi * . Milne prosecuted ; Mr . Monk defended the prisoner . —16 appeared that the deceased was gardener to Mrs , Peddor , of Ashton Lodge , near Preston , and that on Sunday the 23 rd of September last , he and a man named Alexander Giles had been in company _tog ether from noon to midnight going about to different public-houses in the neighbourhood of Preston , drinking . About twelife o ' clock at night they wont to a public-house called the Watering Trough , in Watery-lane , were they stayed some short time , and then left , in company with four other men who were strangers . After they had
proceeded a little way downWatery-lane , Alexander Giles quitted the party , and shortly after , the four men left , and then the deceased and the prisone * proceeded on the road together . About a quarter to one o ' clock , a man named Charles Billington was going down the lane , and heard as he thought two men quarrelling , and on going Dearer , he saw ono of the men on tho ground ,, and the other trying to lift him up against a wall , and tho one asked the other ; "If he had had enough ? " On going a little nearer , one ofthe men ran away , and ongoing up to the man on the ground , who was tho deceased , thc man who had run away , returned , and he was the prisoner . Thc prisoner and the witness then went away together , leaving the unfortunate maa
in the Jano . As they parted , tho prisoner said , " Though must not mention it . " The unfortunate man was shortly afterwards found dead , and waa carried into the llawstono Arms public-house , when _, blood flowed from the ears and nose . On examination by the surgeon , tho body was discovered to * have various bruises upon it ; two of the ribs were broken , one of which had heen forced into the spleen , whieh was the cause of death . —His Lordship having summed up , the jury returned a verdict of "Not guilty . "—The Civil Court was occupied the greater part of the morning in disposing of an action brought by reason ofthe levying of an excessive distress , which was of no particular interest ; and at one o ' clock , the assizes having terminated , the learned judge and tho bar proceeded to _Annlftliv
The Cook Of A Modern Athenian, Who Latel...
The cook of a Modern Athenian , who lately purchased a cod for her master's table , found , on cutting it open , that she had got fifteen full-growa herrings into the bargain . A quantity of meat has way near Leighton Buzzard fire . By the time the train most of tho moat was cooked
-,'V Been Roasted ^*]: [,Y*^Wl8i|*P% By ...
-, ' v been roasted _^*] : [ , y _*^ _Wl 8 i |* p _% by a t ** _e | WE 8 _IPfflff * stoppcd _^ l * i " * jIi * _lpJ _^ . : _^ - _^^^^ Sb _^^ _i - _*/ _S _§^^^^© J .- ,,. a ieo . 'i ronstcdon _i *| i _^ gJ * _ftMfiJK |* _M
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 23, 1850, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_23021850/page/5/
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