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THE NORTHERN STAR mAX ** I04 °- awOmtt w...
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D»A«OUS -AHD aOBHIB-LE n****™"_f * LIVER...
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Ti IE HYDRAULIC RAILWAY. (From tiie Live...
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THE NORTHERN STAR. SATUKDAT , MAT 24 , J845.
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IRELAND. "Alas! poor country, Almost afr...
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that is to give "Ireland" to them, must ...
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PROGRESS OF OUR CAUSE. We rejoice that t...
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DOINGS OF THE LAND-ROBBERS. We beg to di...
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€0 $eates $z Gomfyovtotttte*
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To THE REiDXBB or THE " StAH."—Friends.—...
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MONIES RECEIVED BY MR. O'CONNOR. FOR THE...
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Lancashire MisEas.-The next general delegate
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Arms, Dukinfield,on Monday, June 2nd~cha...
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•awOmtt*, wemesi, & fotquests
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Suspicious Case.— An occurrence which hi...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
The Northern Star Max ** I04 °- Awomtt W...
THE NORTHERN STAR _mAX _** _° -
D»A«Ous -Ahd Aobhib-Le N****™"_F * Liver...
D » A « OUS -AHD _aOBHIB-LE _n _****™"_ f * LIVERPOOL CSEW IK THE _BOlWY BIVEB . OnTuesday _. _aca _^ wtfc _^^^^^ r _^^ _rS _^ _- _^ 5 _* _^ supercargo Hawy Btock _^^ , _^ to answer a charge of _^ _SSSS _nSSem hy Robert Browu , Isaac SS' _^ SSJohn Bowher : andChas . _IMsher , five 3 S &* _bdousing to that _^ j * _^ _JJS _aocted the case for the complainants , and Mr . Badchffe * jfi 5 fttwB was _thefirst rdtuess called- He said , onthe 10 th of _Septemher the Charlotte was _lyunj in the _Bou-K River . Themen were _atharf work aU day , and _atrfghtwereenjoving themselves in the forecastle sing _, ine The wtaiir < Gatnpbdl ) , the mate ( Black ) , and the hoatswata- came _exd said they were Wcldng up a row , and called them all aft . _Whenthehands _we _^ _tupUwas _s _•» _dJon _' _« _tt'i _¦^ drunk , andhewasput in the chains and fastened to the wheel . The next morning all hands were called aft to witness the punishment of Johnson .
After it vras over -the mate made a speech , and said he would Hog any mac that dared even to frown , and that _ik commaJ * _di ** _4 ; - _^*; e should-beheard in the ship . Isaid , "Ton flogged * man for being groggy- ; hut when he was off his duty , and did his hard day ' s work , if he chose to "buy grog on his owe account , it was his own look-out , and hewoold "be ready , for his work tbe next morning . " The mate asked _whatT-had got to say . I replied , that if he chose to flog mehe might He said he would £ og me on his own _responsafflitj' , and he then ordered me to he seized up . The "boatswain ohejed the order , and gaveme four . lozen lashes . Lyon subsequently came on board and «* truck _ine-a blew on the face , and said , _«** You _——uiggei * _, yoahave heen trying to make a disturbance in the ship ; I shall _have-you chained up and flogged . " 1 _entreateo ! of him notic punish me any more , as I was very ill , my legs and feet heing in a dreadful state from the small-p . » x . Ivon , however , had me put in irons and chained tothe _mizermast , where I was kept for four or five hoi irs .
Isaac Ryan deposed as follows : — On the 29 th of August I was pa inting the ship . When I got on deck , _^ tdinnertime , I s aw Porter , one of the hands , chained to the mizenma st ; and heing surprised at his remaining there in so stea dy and submissive a manner , I asked , ' - _*« What ' s themattt ! r , Bill _!* - "He laughed , and said , "It . was all right , '' _ilmmediately upon this being said , I was turning round to j jo forward , and got a Mow under the ear from the chief l nate ( Black ; . I asked him what was that for He said , " _* You villain , it would serve 50 U right if you were alongside of him . " I said , " If it is seur wish to see me there , you can put me there _^ hut don'tstrike me ; keep your hands off ; for if you Ain ' t I shall be obliged to lift you into the lee scuppers . " I then « ent forward to go to dinner , and had not got to the gangway before 1 wassfrnck by Black and Lyon , and some JKroo
hoys . I . made no resistance . The Kroo boys were called . I was put in irons and chained to the wheel , hands and feet lyon . then came up , and called me " a "Newgate reared -villain , " and struck me several fimes whilst I was so chained . I was kept in chains for ser _' _-uteen hours and three-quarters . I was then tied to the mizen-riggmg , and received seventeen lashes . Then I , was cut down and ordered to duty , which I obeyed . Lyon admitted before all _. the African captains that I -was a manly seaman , and able to show his officers their duty Jchn "Seville was next called . He said : —On the 5 th of Jfovemher , _ifter we had done our work , wehadsomegrog I . turned in . Fisher began cither talking or smging . The mate and boatswain came tc tbe fore-castle with a cutlass
and pistols and fetched Fisher np . They then called out for Neville . I got out of bed and went up in my shirt They _^ aid I was drunk . I had only had a glass or two ofgrog of my own . They thee put me in irons , by Lyon ' s orders . Hy bands andfeet were ironed , and I was chained to the _. _roizenmast ia my shirt A chain was fastened round my body and they gagged me with an iron bolt When I was fast the mate struck me repeatedly in the face . - J was unable to eat hard food for three weeks . Tbey _kett me for ten hours in that state , although it was -rainingvery heavy at intervals-during the night The next morning I got my clothes , and they kept me chained until the 7 th , when they gave me _; jthirty lashes , hy Lyon's orders , and cut me down and sent me over the ship ' s side -0 scroll the _pamtiug .
_JohnBo- _^ Uer _wastke » _e-rt-RTtutss . He sail ] , onthe 2 d of . November I fell off the harricade by accident . When the sailing master , Captain Campbell , came to pick me up , he . _jdraggecl me aft , saidl was . drunk , put my hands and feet in . irons , lashed me to the _wheels and left me in that situation until Lyon came on beard at ten o ' clock Mi . Captain Campbell told him he had a man in irons , io which Lyon replied that he was delighted to hear it , and told Campbell to make him well fast I remained in irons all . night , and was wet through with the rain . On the 3 d of _November I was tied to the mizen rigging , and received fourteen lashes from theKroomen . I was then let down , and Lyon told the captain to take me forward , and scrub my back with a piece of sand . I begged of the captain to allow me to wash it with water , to which the captain consented , and my back was not scrubbed .
Charles Fisher . deposed as _follows . —On the 5 th of _November , I _hadfirished my work for the day , and had i _^ got a little grog , l . was in the forecastle talking , when _' the mate and boatswain came down , and the mate without saying a word struck me with a cutlass . They then < d ** agsedmeon deck , end put me in irons , and kept me there until the 7 th . Qji that day Lyon ordered me to be "logged , and I received ' _^ ineteen lashes , and was then sent * » 5 Crjib the outside of the ship . The lash was always t leaked hi pickle Before * _ose . _5 . . defence was that tue crew had been guilty of gross jj _, subordination , that tbey were constantly in a state of m " wxication , that they had stolen the ram "belonging to _^ 1 chi p ' s cargo , rand that . they only received such a degree £ mnishment as their misconduct merited .
y t . Rushton , after hearing the whole of the case and defei ice , which lasted altogether about three hours , said ¦ _r _tjgjg -eras _taanifesflya laxity of discipline on board the -Up , Tilth to some extent was attributable to the fact , _ftJtib _esailing captain and the supercargo assumed the jQasta _^ _r _^ intervals , and that ihe men were acting under divided ; W fhority . He then ordered Black and Lyon to a fin > ** - _"* " _** * aLcl 1 *" * " _*¦* * _*" _- ' _* _* * '' _-t < , tt _Bjan _, aud Black tonav 50 s _*¦* ¦ _" ¦ addition , for the assault on _JfeviDe . The threeothe . _r-cwesbroughtagainstthembyBrownjBowkeT , i andFishei V _^ _-lisnussed . j
Ti Ie Hydraulic Railway. (From Tiie Live...
Ti IE HYDRAULIC RAILWAY . ( From tiie Liverpool limes . J An invent * < under the above title , has been explained to u s by the patentee , who is now in the nekhoonrnoo . _^ anil it appears to "be a system of pro pnMon which merits more attention than it has thus far received . Ifthe pretentions it lays claim , to are i _nstiy founded , and the inventor offers to substantiate his statemi * mte _, the day cannot "be very far distant when afew" enterprising men will take up the system , and , wi . thont mraram | anything like the - mount of _e-cpen diture that might be anticipated , - will bring it pronii nently before the public ; and this , as tar as we can jm "Jge , seems all _ttot is required to make it a subject of much interest to the railway world . An inventiom that , apparently on the fair use of figures and scientific data , offers a more powerful propulsive agent ; than any now existing ; that nromises a steady nig h , speed at a -verytrifling cost ~ . _*!_ _: . _MmnnnAS _ITtA tXt } ltt * U _-AftAm *« 4 _* 0 * _n-r \«» A « t -fit ¦ ¦¦ _uaj Mviu rvnvf
/ fj W «« _nJUg _"CJfcycafca-w-J y *••'•* - ' - _>» u « _*¦« | W _sscend with facility steep inclines ( much steeper than any now in use ) , -will save so large a portion of that " heawest item in the construction of a railway—•• earthworks , " & e ., as not only to pay for thefirst cost of patting down the apparatus , out also to leave a _lajr-ge balance in hand besides , cannot long want Mends in the present railway mania , when it is once truly known . But independently of the inability of the patentee to " move" his invention , it appears not unlikely . that the onward progress of this system may hare been retarded from another cause , namely—that against which nearly all _leading inventions , which have'iot been at first strongly supported , have had foratiDie tc struggle ; we mean erroneous impressions . To " this respect , "from what w « learn , the hydraulic railway appears to have had its full share . The most nidns £ r « as and crude impressions have been abroad , and the most lidieulous notions on the
subject of tie " _adaptation" of hydraulic power to the purposes of thc « ystej _* 9 s circulated , even in leading quarter- * . It has been attempted to dupe the public into the belief that brick towers , two hundred feet in height , erected _alocg the line one-eighth of a mile apart , or that huge verticalAsast metal pipes , of the same vertical elevation , about seventy yards apart , were part and parcel of the system whereas , if anything in the invention deej _^ _xes peculiar commendation , it is in dispensing " _wii _^ _i all unwieldy apparatus , and throwing the propulsive agent under _fery forcible pressure in the " power stptsrs" * withoutever raising it even six feet above the railwaythatis _, where natural lalfe oi water from sufficient devations do not occur ; and Mr . Shutflewortli fee ] s the position of his invention so strong , aud calculates < o little on frequent occurrences of these natural supplies of power , that he proposes , wherever * they are found , to consider them as " windfalls" in favouf of the system .
The invention , when once clearly understood , is very -ample . The patentee proposes to use a Cornish steam-engine , about one quarter ofthe power of that used on the atmospheric principle , for a similar length of way ( three miles ) , but working 6 of A lines of of rails . With this power he seems to show fairly by _figures , that he shall be able to " charge" a series of lis propulsion reeeiTers ' , or power storers , with the requisite quantity of water to drive over each section of the line . Now , these power-storers are something like truncated -steam-boilers , and will be made of thin -wrought iron , coated inside with asphalte , to render them perfectly air and water tight ; and before they
are first used , air , equal to a pressure of about five atmospheres , will be pumped into them as a constant , permanent pressure , and which will not require renewal , as it will always lie above the water , wliich will never be all entirely rejected . These _powersterers are to receive their subjacent charges of water ftom the slow but ctnstant action of the engine , during the intervals between the passing of the trains ; and hence no small portion of the economy of the system is derived . But there jsanother part of the invention which _con-** _" * «» _gwatly to the economy of the whole . The P _* ° P « ktve effort derivable from each of these power S _VT _^ te "that of four powerful locomotives . _w to apply lt constantly along the whole length
of a railway would be an absolute waste of power ; it is , therefore , used only according to theerigencies 1 of the case ; and where a -waiving line could be fully developed in any given locality ,- - it Would be apphed over one-si-sth ofthe length ofthe line only ; that is , up steep inclines , say rising 1 in 20 , thc power would be applied , bnt down gradual and much extended inclines , falling 1 in 100 , the trains would be projected by the united powers of gravity and momentum , ¦ without any loss of speed , and without the aid of any propelling apparatus . Few localities would occur m which this waiving line could not be carried out to a great extent , and an undulating country is better tor the development of the hy draulic system than one perfectly level ; the latter case , however , is oneof wouia
veryun & equent occurrence . * The mcunes - m every instance be made longer or shorter , according to the physical character ofthe country , and , m fact , the system would be as near as possible adapted to the locality . The manner in which the hydraulic power is applied , behind the travelling piston in the p ipe , which propels the train , seems to be borrowed fromtne _st-am-engine , being by a throttle valve , so that the whole power can be turned on flush , or the water wire-drawn to any extent . By this simple arrangement <» mb _ined with the gradual epemng of the valve , all-shock or jerk is completely -obviated when a fresh supply of power is thrown upon the piston as it is travelling-along with the train . We have thus given a general sketch of the invention for the information of our readersj _-but being , of course , a system—not a single machine or tool—it
would require-more space than we can spare to go through the whole ofthe detail . Its leading characteristics , as will he gathered from the foregoing , appear to be-4 first , great power , so as . to dispense with all tunnelling and heavy earthworks , and make the new . - railways which , may adopt . the . system approximate in-some degree , _asregards . gradients , in character , to the more recent and better planned of some of our turnpikes . _JUp inclines - of 1 in 20 it is proposed todrive trains of from sixty to eighty tons , being equal to trains of from 85 to 110 tonswithlocomotivesandtendersattached . Secondly , great economy in- working expenses , and also in constructing a new line . These appear to us to be features in . the invention of the very first importance . Thirdly , a regular high speed ; and fourthly , safety in the trains from running off the line , from _collisions , and from fire .
The Northern Star. Satukdat , Mat 24 , J845.
THE NORTHERN STAR . SATUKDAT , MAT 24 , J 845 .
Ireland. "Alas! Poor Country, Almost Afr...
IRELAND . " Alas ! poor country , Almost afraid to know itself . " Loho _PiosKEiT very . aptly styled the chronology of the old boroughmongering history an " old almanack : " and limited the time ,-beyond which memorjf -goeth not , to the passing of the Reform Act . _As . regards Ireland , however , we may include the sbttit period from the passing of Emancipation to the enactment of the Reform Bill as a portion of the "history ofthe . country , and Mr . 0 ! Coxnell , as the moving power to give effect , for . good or for evil , to those
two gigantic measures : gigantic in their capabilities , but stunted in their jerfonnance . In the debate of Tuesday night , on the Maynooth grant , Mr , Bellew most faithfully represented the Catholic feeling of Ireland , in the following short but pithy terms : — "He could not , liowever , refrain from telling the . Hwse that many years would not elapse before it must come to a decision upon the territorial relations existing between ihe Protestant Church of Ireland and the Roman Catholic occupiers ofthesoihfor they migh take his -word for it , that the Protestant . Church Esta _blishment was at me bottom of « ft _tfte grievances of Irel and "
Now ,. these are words of wisdom , words . of truth , and words -of warning ; words that we have . printed and repeated times without number . Not so much to the amount of spoil as to the mode . and manner of upholdbgit 3 _QV ) mmion , isthehatredtothelaw-church to be ascribed . The amount annually paid , —somewhat under a million and a half , —is but the nest-egg whereon the _oldien has laid her prolific " . overy . *" The amount of . monies wrung irom the Catholic peasantry by the -expensive process of Ecclesiastical Courts , Bishop's Court , Process of Citation , Quarter Sessions , Court of Exchequer , and Court of Chancery , exceeded the stipulated Church dues by more than five-fold its amount : and these "by-gones " still rankle in the Catholic mind . By returns made
te the House of Commons in 1833 of law expenses incurred in the recovery of money lent to the _stai-ving parsons of Ireland by the people of England , it appeared that the cost of _recovering five farthings of tithe amounted to over one hundred pounds . * and this was not an isolated case . The present Mr . Justice -Perrlv _, in his unrivalled speech upon the tithe question , cited numerous cases of equal atro : city . In whatever form the flesh-wound may present itself , the core , the root , the cause of Ireland ' s woes , is the Protestant State Church Establishment : and until every trace of its recollection becomes part and parcel of " old almanack history" there never can "be , there never ought to "be , and if we can help it , "these sever shall be , peace in ibeland . "
If an evil use is made of power , men are but too apt to underrate its value . Hence , because but little good was accomplished by the Emancipation Bill , and not much more hy the Reform Act , have men considerably -underrated the value of those two measures , charging npon legislation evils which properly belong to popular apathy . Emancipation and Reform were but intended as means to an end ; and we are now about to consider , as far as Ireland is concerned , the endsto which Mr . O'CoNNELL , with _theenormouspower possessed by him , has applied those gigantic means . If Emancipation meant anything , it meant the
removal of the State Church burthen from Catholic shoulders . It did not mean the commutation of parsons' tithe into landlords'' rent-charge , whereby the said landlords , whether resident or absentee , were enabled to rob the resident parsons of twenty-five per cent , of their income , npon no better pretext than that of furnishing the landlords with a less irritable , more easy , and les 3 expensive mode of collecting the whole hundred per cent , from the Catholic payer . The three memorable days of the French revolution conferred an amount of strength upon the English reformers which insured the success of their
measure , while the Reform Bill itself placed at the disposal of Mr . O'Connell an amount of power never before wielded by any single individual ; and what has been the use he has made of his giant strength ? His motto haa ever been : " givemebutan instalment of justice and I will take Ireland ' s debt in mere fractional proportions . " The Irish people , as early as March , 1831 , began to look for " the inward and spiritual grace" of Catholic Emancipation . A great majority of the Protestant landlords , whose estates had been converted into Church security by the Tithe Commutation Bill of Mr . _Gouxbubn ,
joined the Catholic people loudly and lustily for the total abolition of tithes . They took the significant words of Lord _Staxlet as their guide . The noblelord , when taunted with having done nothing for Ireland , _aftoenumeratingthei _» _ve' * > albenefit 8 thatweretoflow to Ireland from Reform , added , and we have abolished tithes , ASH ion ever . Call tou that nothing ? "Were not those talismanic words , and well calculated to rouse a less exciteablepeople to their realisa tion ? Ireland accordingly aroused in its might . Catholic holders ofthe soil and Protestant possessors ( oinedinthe anti-tithe crusade . Meetings—" monster
meetings "—were held in every parish , barony , town , and county . The leading spirits were incarcerated , or threatened , while many of the bravest were pri » vately consigned to the cold grave : Hodneit , Rosayxe , Hennessev , and countless others , acting upon the command of the Liberator , preferred tip dungeon to the -violation of orders I They refused to pay their tithes ; th * - } _neaded the people in their _assa ' _Slt on the Protestant church , and were incarcerated ; Feaegus 0 'Conxok and the gallant Capt . SiowKLL , both Protestants , were arrested and
indicted as the prune movers in the conspiracy against the Protestant church . Poor Stowell sent two zealous priests to ensure the professional services of Mr . O'Consell . The learned gentleman took the fee , bnt withheld the service ; and the consequence was , that when the late Chief Baron Woutra told Stowell that there was a transportable count in the indictment against him and O'Connor , Sioweu . ( who had been recently married ) took to Ins bed , and died of a- train fever in forty-eight hours ; and tJius did Ireland lose one of the most intrepid champions
Ireland. "Alas! Poor Country, Almost Afr...
of her liberty . 0 'Coj . nor was tried , and acquitted . At the moment that the Government was about to yield to the national demand ; when every soldier in Ireland was " used up" from fatigue ; when the people were of one mind , and when the crowning " monster" meeting was to have been held at _Ballinascarthy , Mr . O'Coxxell sent over his missive to abandon all further Tithe agitation , upon the pretext that Lord Pluxkett had administered some soothing emollient in his speech in the House of Lords . This abandonment of the ' vantage ground was the signal
for Government persecution : and , as we have stated , the leaders were arrested and many of them ruined . It has ever been the policy of Mr . O'Coxxell to rouse the popular mind to the point of accomp lishment : and then to show his power by " whooping " the eagles from their can-ion . Thus , Mr . O'Coxxell fastened the tithe impost round the neck of the Catholics . Millions wero expended in resisting tithes in compliance with his order—to resist all payment of tithes ; while he was the first to discharge his " obligations" to the church .
This anti-tithe crusade was fostered to aid in carrying the Reform Bill . The Reform Bill was carried : and Mr . O'Consell liad , as the first instalment of the measure , forty-two Repeal members at his back , who would have died upon the floor of the House of Commons at liis mere bidding . This was such a force as no party ever- possessed before . The Irish members met , and determined to avoid all minor questions , and to concentrate their united force on the great question of Repeal . Ireland was " up to the mark , " and ready to back her leaders to the death . The Irish members were strictly prohibited from taking any part in minor questions . "When the first debate upon the question was over ,
Mr . O'CoxsELLaskedfor " simplejusticefor Ireland . He said that a Tralee tailor arid a Kildare cooper had authorised liim to abandon the Repeal . He proclaimed this two-thirds of Tooley-street power in Liverpool ; and the gaping crowd threw up thencaps and shouted "justice ! " He made atour through England and Scotland , and the very ah * through _whichhepassedwasredolent of "justice . " "Justice to Ireland" floated upon every passing breeze . The whole people of the three kingdoms were at his back * . the middle classes were in his arms : . he had only to march to _Charing-eross _, and to proclaim a new constitution ; but instead , he ticketed himself for sale ; he advertised his terms in his letters to Lord
Ddn-CAX . V 0 N , the then Home Secretary . He sold , or got vid of , twenty-nine of the forty-two Repealers , securing every member of his own family and his nearest connexions in patent places that did not depend upon a change of Ministry * . he established a Precursor Association , principally for the purpose of allowing the more wealthy Repeal members to sell themselves to the Government for honours , distinctions , and titles ; and the principle by which that assbcia tien was governed was— "justice to Ireland" upon the instalment principle ; . and to the measures to be achieved by the association we will now direct attention .
Mr . O'Coxxell said : - " govern Ireland like Yorkshire , and you may call her 'West Britain ; ' place us upon a political equality with the people of England , and we will be satisfied . " -But - when he returned to England , he divided the two classes into the slaveclass and the master-class , telling the people that as long as . they were deprived of the franchise they must be slaves ; and yet he sought for no more than this slavish equality for the Irish people . He drew up and signed with his own hand the resolutions upon which the people ' s Charter was iased , and said to bis working "men coadjutors : " there , take that ; it
contains your rights ; rest not satisfied with anything less . " Other measures of his "justice" was a good Jury Bill , a good Libel Law ; andaMunicipal Corporation Bill , as extensive aa was conceded to England and Scotland . Theseweresomeofthe "instalments " demanded of the debt due to Ireland ; but before all , the appointment of Irishmen to all offices of emolument ; and the question we now ask Mr . O'Coxxell is simply this : during the ten years that his Whig friends held office , did he venture to ask , or did they dare to offer as large an instal ment of the debt due to Ireland as Sir Robert
Peel has bid in the present session ? And we further ask him , whether all unitedly are as a drop in the ocean when compared with Sir Robert Peel ' s proposed Educational Bill ? No ; not all put together . The Maynooth grant , although an astounding instance of the Prime Minister ' s boldness and capacity , which Mr . O'Coxxell cheerfully accepts , is at variance with his oft-repeated declaration , that the Catholic priesthood should never be bribed hy the State ; while the Academical Bill , untrammelled by spiritual interference , is the veiy principle for which
through life he has contended , and the want of which was the very principle upon which the Kildare-street Educational Plan was denounced . This very system of mixing up theological interference with secular education has been the one most denounced by Mr . O'Coxxell and his party : and now that the Prime Minister offers the secular cheeBe without the theological grindstone , the Agitator says— "No ; touch jit pocket , touch my life—take back yom nasty cheesethe ignorance of a people is the tyrant ' s best title to power ; the education of a people is their title to freedom . "
The Repeal agitation was got np in 1832 to mar the effects of the Reform Bill . It was abandoned in 1836 to purchase patronage from the Whigs . Itwas renewed in 1840 and 1841 , to aid them in holding power against the will ofthe English people . It was resuscitated in 1843 to replenish the exchequer , and to increase the tribute ; and it is renewed in 1845 to enable Mr . O'Consell to select from the measures of Sir Robert Peel , which should be taken as a whole , those portions whieh would perpetuate strife and discontent , and to reject those which , with the assistance ofthe great and glorious Father Mathew , would lead to the establishment of a sound national mind , which would confer " Ireland upon the Irish , " instead of pouring her pauper-resources into the lap of a national juggler .
We shall now show that e _* yen our greatest enemies ave compelled , though indirectly , to support the principles of the People ' s Charter . Let it be understood , that while some may dread its influences upon the national mind , none dare deny the value of education . Here , then , is our reasoning . The Minister says : "I will build and endow schools for the instruction of the youth of Ireland . I will neither force any peculiar creed upon the students , nor will I make religion an apple of discord . I will reserve to myself and successors the power of
preventing sueh a result . " " No , " says Mr . O'Connell , "I dare not denounce education , though I fear it ; but the heads of the Catholic Church , and not you , must have the patronage . " Now then , how , under those circumstances , can the benefit of education be conferred without danger to the Catholic youth of Ireland ? We will tell Mr . 0 'Com * ell— only by the enactment ofthe People ' s Charter , which would vest the patronage in the hands of Ministers elected by the people , and consequentl y of having their confidence .
Hence we show that all Mr . O'Coxxell _' s fencing , nibbling , _Anting , puking , puling , babbling , childish P _^ Cy , receives favour in the eyes of those who dare not see for themselves ; while every man who ventures to look beyond his nose , must come to the conclusion that the extension of the franchise to the Charter standard , and that that alone , can secure undented education , untrammelled religion , unbiassed ministers , honest teachers , a Repeal of the legislative Union , " _Ireland'for the Irish , " and the
utter annihilation of the bloated law-church . Mr . O'Connell knows these things , and knows them well too : but he also knows that £ 20 , 000 a year , and " pickings" out of £ 500 a week , make a larger salary than a government constituted on the principles of the People ' s Charter would allow for the very highest service . We have told the English educationists and the fanatical Chartist Church humbugs , thatthe Charter must precede national education ; and often have we told the Irish that the Repeal
That Is To Give "Ireland" To Them, Must ...
that is to give "Ireland" to them , must be preceded by the Charter ; and that the Repeal , if carried with the present _franchise , would be but a transfer of power from the old to a new oppressor . " Young -Ireland" will , in the long run , be com pelled to come out for the People ' s Charter . It is a '' course" on wliich the progressive mind has set itself , and one which will never be abandoned * . and , therefore , we invite them to its study and pursuit forthwith .. _^
Progress Of Our Cause. We Rejoice That T...
PROGRESS OF OUR CAUSE . We rejoice that the recent Trades Conference has been productive of more benefit than in our most warm anticipations we had a right to calculate on . Notwithstanding the machinations ofthe obstructors of all measures propounded by the working classes for their own redemption , and notwithstanding their poor attempt to cast ridicule upon the performance of the Trades Conference , the Trades themselves have resolved upon making the representation of their bodies in July next , a full-length picture of t hat miniature of Labour ' s rights , recently exhibited .
The part that the Northern Star has taken on this all-important subject has been used as a reason why the Trades should hold themselves aloof from the projected National Union . To us , as well as to the thinking portion of the Trades this objection must appear rather paradoxical . The Northern Star for now nearly eight years has been in advance of the Trades Movement . It has been the expounder of those principles upon which . alone a national organisation can be successfully established . It has been in advance , not only of the daily and weekly press , but also in advance of the several publications
professing to emanate from the Trades themselves . It has been their sole , their only defender , when iheir rights have been invaded by the oppressor in whatever form he has presented Mmself—whether in the shape of legal tyranny , individual oppression , sectional power , or organised caprice . Tliese facts establish our title at least to counsel : and that counsel we have ever given modestly , but firmly . Spite of all the barkings of the pitiful snarlers , we shall continue to offer advice in the same spirit : and shall not be diverted from our course byany manifestation of petty jealousy , or the more decided opposition of black-hearted envy .
The time is drawing nigh when the General Conference of Trades is to be held ; and no time should be lost in canvassing the several Trades as to the best mode of establishing such a national organisation as will be free from all party and sectional differences . The foundation of national organisation must be a well-digested financial scheme for the collection of funds , to enable the Executive body to give effect to the general principle . The questions of "supply " and " confidence" in the Executive body arc the two chief considerations on which the mind should be first made up : and therefore it is of paramount importance that the several localities should bestir themselves in time , and set about the consideration of all matters likely to be discussed .
The manner in which the Land scheme is now being adopted , leaves little doubt that the subject will be brought prominently before the Conference ; and therefore , _to-this branch of Trades' business we beg to direct immediate attention . When the anti-land champions are foiled in tlieir opposition to the Small Farm plan , their last . argument is : " Aye , but where are you to get the money ? We admit that if you had the means , the plan , under good arrangement , might be made beneficial . " There is some force in this objection : an objection which may at once be met and satisfied by the Trades themselves . By the
plan adopted by the Chartist Convention it appears that the sum of- £ 5000 would enable the association , within a very short period , to locate 1000 families upon allotments of two acres each , with good cottages to live in , leaving , at the time of their location , more than double the amount of the funds originally expended , in the hands of the Society . Would it not , then , be well worthy the attention of a national body , whose every device for the amelioration of its own class has been exhausted upon mere fanciful projects , to try one which promises so much , and from which loss cannot possibly result ? The
question , at least ; is worthy of consideration . Thousands upon tens of thousands agree that the Land scheme , if energetically carried out , is capable of redeeming the working classes from their present state of dependence on the will of their masters . If they want law to protect them , they appeal to those who have an interest in grinding them . If they want a systematic plan of organisation to protect them , they find themselves trammelled by antagonist interests , foolish jealousies , susuicions , and caprice . A new plan is propounded , which opens for them a new field , into which _aone of those adverse inte _* resfe _"> , suspicions , or contentions can possibly enter—the Land . Its capabilities and ite applicability to the regulation of
wages is admitted by nine-tenths of the working class population . A fair trial of an experiment thus fiated by public approval , would require no larger amount than £ 5000 to develope its value . Not £ 5000 to be vested in rash speculation ; but £ 5000 to be laid ont with every prospect of being doubled in less than five years , mid with the certainty that it could not be diminished by one single farthing , even should the experiment signally fail . Now , this is setting but a small price upon national redemption : and we really must look sceptically upon the boasted patriotism of those who spend millions in the pursuit of justice , which they invariably fail of acquiring , while they withhold the small sum of £ 5000 on a venture which
promises emancipation , and precludes the possibility of loss , _^ As a further inducement to action in the proper direction , we call attention to the letter of Mr . O'Cohsor , which will be found in our first page . When we think of the several "bubbles" now presented , as " safe investments" for securing four per cent ., there can be little hesitation labout the acceptance of the offer therein contained . However , we think we may , without much presumption , recommend it to the consideration of those to whom it is addressed .
Doings Of The Land-Robbers. We Beg To Di...
DOINGS OF THE LAND-ROBBERS . We beg to direct the reader ' s attention to two letters which will be found in our seventh page , extracted from the Times , detailing the facts of a "clearance , " or _"toemsg , _* _-- as it is ruthlessly called , now in course of operation on the estate of a Major Charles Robertson , in the county of _Rossshhu This Robertson is an " absentee" landlord ; a military officer , at present with his regiment in Australia . Comprised in "his estate" is a tract of land , which , but for the laborious industry of the occupiers , might have been a barren waste . For the use of this land the toiling
cottiers have been in the habit of paying a rent four times the amount which for such land any English farmer would give ; but not content with this , the grasping _land-fc _^ _\^ exie rmi nate-& ye , EXTERMlNATE-that ' s the right word-this virtuous community , that he may draw " more " rent , by throwing the land out of tillage and letting it for sheep-walks . We beg the reader to pay particular attention to the character of the people who are thus subjected to wrong , rebbery , and death . They have always paid their rent punctually . Surely that should be the chief of virtues in a land-lord ' s estimation ! They have no poor on the poor ' s-roll ,
but support each other in sickness and need . They are blameless , and free from vice . Not a single inhabitant ofthe valley has been charged with any offence for many years . Lastly—during the late war this valley supplied the army with many soldiers , who shed their blood , or gave up their lives in DEFENCE of the " property" and "institutions" of the landlords and labour-plunderers of the island ; and , at the present time , an old pensioner , eighty-two years of age , is in a dying state in the cottage in which he was bornbut from which cottage he is to be dragged in his dying moments , at the bidding of a rascally landagent , to glut the avarice of a selfish , heartless , absentee landlord .
Clinging to their-humble -homes with the desperation of _despair—over-awed by the law ' s brute force , and overcome by a trick of despicable cunning , tbe poor creatures , in the agony of their hearts , hearing that they did not pay rent enough (!) offered to pay £ 15 a year more rent , and afterwards , offered to pay as much rent for the place as any other party would give . All was in vain * . the fiat had gone forth They-wen to be " WEEDED OUT " -and " weeded out" they will be , though they perish and die !
What other prospect is there for them ? Men with large families—widows with imbecile children , turned ofi the " wide world ! " Of eighteen families , comprising ninety souls , only three families have the means of subsistence before them : the rest are , or will " be nearly all houseless , and all utterly destitute . They are hopeless and helpless ! They know not where to go , nor what to do to live . How is it possible to calmly reason on this wholesale . atrocity ? But the " _clearance" at Glen Calvie , it will be seen , is not a solitary instance . The miscreant , Gillanbkrs — let his name be pilloried for public infamy—is engaged in pursuing thc same course in other districts , in one of which some hundreds of families have been " WEEDED "
within the last four years . But , after all , the brute Gillaxdees is but the agent of the military usurper , Robbrtsox . It is idle to say that he—the landlord—is not " responsible" for the crimes and cruelties of his agent . He is " responsible" and although "Laws grind the poor , and rich men rule the law , " and , therefore , it is not possible to reach Mm with the law ' s just vengeance , it is possible to reach him and his class with the shafts of public opinion . The doings of the class of wliich Robertson is one , will have one good result : those doings will compel the people to investigate into the assumed right and authority bv which these men
" Play their fantastic tricks before high heaven , " daring—impiously and insolently daring—to drive to destruction their fellow creatures . These " cleabinces" and "WEEDINGS" will do—shallilo , we promise—sometliing more than create a passing horror at the oppression of the wrong-doer , or a momentary feeling of pity for his victims . The people will be led to ask , not only by what right Major _Robebtson "WEEDS" his estate , but also by what
right or title , he , or his class , " hold" estates at all . Such questions will be asked—such questions must be answered . If the land-robbers throw down the gauntlet , they must find to their cost that tho many are not in want of champions to take it up . The people havebeen silent too long . They have " respected" the " rights of property , " wliile property has shown no respect for the " rights of man . " The aristocracy provoke the conflict : be it so : fling away the scabbard !
Our readers may depend on our not letting this matter drop . Under the sufficiently significant head of THE LAND , we have commenced a series of revealments , which shall never cease until we have fully exposed the atrocities of the land-robbers , and fully satisfied the people as to whom the land , of right , belongs .
€0 $Eates $Z Gomfyovtotttte*
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To The Reidxbb Or The " Stah."—Friends.—...
To THE REiDXBB or THE " StAH . " —Friends . —As a matter of justice to the Rev . Wm . Hill , I must state , that by far the greater portion of the " Article" headed , " Who is the Coward , " quoted in Mr . O'Connor ' s letter to that gentleman pubUshed in the Star of last week , was not written by Mr , Hill , but by me . It is true that Mr . Hill was Editor at the time the article in question appeared , it is true , also , that the MS . was placed in his hands for adoption or rejection ; it is true that he adopted those portions of the original article that suited him , interspersing it with entire paragraphs of his own writing ; it is true all this—but still it is not true that " ever ** word of it was Mr . Hill's own writing , " as Mr . O'Connor says ,
after quoting it . Of course , Mr . O'Connor could not _know but that his representation of the fact was correct ; but as I happen to know differently , I am bound to make the explanation . Absence from town last week prevented the explanation from heing given at the foot of Mr . O'Connor ' s letter . I did not see that letter 'till it was in print , but I embrace the first opportunity of setting the matter right . The article , as quoted last week , consists of nineteen paragraphs ; of those , paragraphs 1 , 7 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 17 , and 18 , were written by Mr . Hill : the others were mine , adopted by that genttcman . The render , by numbering the paragraphs in consecutive order with his pen , can see " whicli is which . " This is-but fair : for "every tub ought to stand on its own bottom , "—Joshua Hobson , H . Boss , Bbompton _, — "Reluctantly kept over for nest
week . James ForiKEB , "Weilinqton . —Much obliged by his attention . We could not make use of his favour on the present occasion . James Finlav ., _SuotLViV _Brvbgi . —His is a case that we cannot advise in . Any opinion we might give would not be worth a straw in the absence of an intimate knowledge of all the facts of the case . * We are always fearful that in such matters wc may do mischief , by giving erroneous advice . Before _hepurchases , our correspondent had better consult a _lawjer-friend . To Cobeebpondents Ginerallt . —The absence of Mr . Hobson from town has prevented several communications from being answered , Arrears will be brought np next week , S . Kinn , Glasgow . —His letter is not at hand just now .
We shall see next Saturday whether there is any occasion to publish it or not . The Lako ano the _FBANCHiSE .- > In reply to ihe question so frequently asked— " Would the leases for ever in the Chartist _Co-op _< irative land Plan confer the franchise , " I beg to state that" leasehold property , originally granted for twenty years , and of the yearly value of £ 50 , or leased for sixty years , and of the value of £ 10 per annum , will confer the county franchise , unless where it would give a borough vote " and as the law rests upon the value , and not the absolute rent paid , our Chartist friends need not be under any apprehension , for I cannot conceive any one so dull as to rate two acres of land , in a state of high cultivation , with a cottage , at less value than £ 10 per annum , so that the Land plan at one and the same time will confer both
political and social freedom . _—Edmuhb _Stallwoou , Secretary to the Chartist Registration Committee . Mr . Robebts . —Mr . * W . P . Roberts is now in Manchester , He will be at Blackburn on Monday next , the 20 th inst ., and will remain there till the evening . Lord John Russell ' s Resolutions . — "We have received the following * . —Fellow Tradesmen , — It is indeed strange , and indeed wonderful , that after you have been brought to so low an ebb , that the Government , not content ivith that , should seek to reduce you still further . A general meeting of the Broad Silk Handloom "Weavers of Spitalfields , and its vicinity , will take place on "Wednesday , May 21 st , 1845 , at eight o ' clock in the evening , in Hare-street School-room , Harc-strect , Brick-lane , Bethnal-green , opposite the site of the Old Bethnal-green Workhouse , to take into its
consideration a series of resolutions wliich have been introduced into the House of Commons by Lord John Russell , and also a speech of Sir Robert Peel ' s , in which he intimates that in thc next Session of Parliament he shall still further reduce the duties upon foreign wrought silks . The persons appointed to wait upon the manufacturers to ascertain their opinions , and to obtain their signatures in favour of the establishment o £ Local Boards of Trade , for the regulation of prices and the settlement of disputes , will also deliver in a report to this meeting . —By order ofthe Union , J . S . Shebrabb , Secretary , D . W ,, Aberdeen . —To make the lines admissible , the first three must he amended . There is no such word as " gowanie , " that we ever heard of , either English or Scotch .
Monies Received By Mr. O'Connor. For The...
MONIES RECEIVED BY MR . O'CONNOR . FOR THE KXECCT 1 VE ( LEW ) . £ S ( 1 From Hull , per G . Barnett .. „ 0 14 "i RECEIPTS PER GENERAL SECRETARY . SUBSCRIPTIONS . Mevthjr Tydvil .. 5 0 Carlisle 3 % White Horse , White . Tavistock .. . 4 n chapel .. .. .. 5 0 Brighton 3 n Cummersdale .... 5 0 cabds _. _ffin _! " l X _yWttingtonandCat 5 6 _KSIP " " J ° Carli -- * two _*•* _" *• - Pymouth .. .. 70 books 0 4 Oldham 12 _e •> .. <¦* DONATION . A friend , Turnagain-lane , Oct . 3 rd , per Mr . M'Grath 0 C MBS . EMIS . Mr . Bateman , late of lambeth _. perMr . Dron .. 2 0 _Co-opekative Land SociETr .-Cards and rules can be obtained of the secretary , 243 _J , Strand * . District Committees will also be supplied with an _account-boot ' gratis ) for the use of the society . Rules can be obtained , separate from the cards , price twopence ; one postage stamp must be enclosed to defray the carriage . Persons wishintr to join , can do so by remitting ls . 6 d . for cards , rules , and postage , ls . of which will be an instalment on the share THOMAS MARTIN "WHE * ELER , Secretary .
Lancashire Miseas.-The Next General Delegate
Lancashire _MisEas .-The next general delegate
Arms, Dukinfield,On Monday, June 2nd~Cha...
Arms , Dukinfield , on Monday , June 2 nd ~ chair tobe taken at eleven o ' clock in the forenoon . A public
•Awomtt*, Wemesi, & Fotquests
• _awOmtt _* _, wemesi , & _fotquests
Suspicious Case.— An Occurrence Which Hi...
Suspicious Case . — An occurrence which _hi « caused a great sensation , has just taken p \ ace _„ Hampstead . It appears that , on Tuesday week last a fashionably-attired young female , accompanied bv two persons in the garb of gentlemen , arrived in l cab at the house of Mr . Allen , tailor , Hi _gh-street Hampstead , and engaged of Mrs . Allen some vcadv furnished apartments she had to let , the lady passinV as the wife of one ofthe supposed gentlemen . The gentlemen visited her together once or twice , the last visit being on Wednesday last . From the period of their departure up to Friday morning , between three and four o ' clock , Mrs . Allen never heard or saw anv thing of the young female ; she was then _awaki-nil
by hearing loud screams , and on proceeding to _thn young woman ' s apartment she discovered the _domlocked . The screams continued , she had it fw _S open , and the unfortunate female was then discovered lying on the bed in strong hysterics , and a _newk-born child , lying near her , quite dead , and turned nearly black . Mr . Gower , surgeon , of Hampstead , was in stantly sent for , and attended , and the female whnw name has heen discovered to be Caroline _Gaids -in 1 her age 22 , recovered her senses for a short ne ' riod and on being questioned as to where she hail obtained some bottles of medicine found in the room , she ai ) mitted they had been provided for her by her tVnj _wi 8 who brought her there . She became worse and worse and died about eight o ' clock the same _mornine After death , singular to relate , Mrs . Gower , the wife ofthe surgeon , who had been called in , came and toot away the bottles of medicine just alluded to , and by some means or other the parties who had brought the deceased to Hampstead were made acquainted with
the death . Thev gave directions lor the immediate interment of both mother and child , adding at the time to the undertaker , that money was no object so thatthe burial could be promptly effected with secresy Within a few hours of death the bod y ofthe femali turned to the same black hue as the deceased c ) ii ) d and on another medical man being called in , he ex ' pressed his opinion that the deceased had been destroyed by the administration of certain mixtures taken to procure abortion . Tliese circumstances coming to the knowledge of Hunt , the summoning officer , he lost no time in making the coroner acquainted therewith , and Mr . Wakley , having under _, stood it to be the determination of the parties fo bury the bodies on Sunday , * _, issued a warrant to Inspector Grey , ofthe S division , to prevent the funeral lakino place , should it be attempted , lie has also JSSUe 3 his warrant to Mr . Lord , the surgeon , of _Hampstciwl to make a post mortem examination . '
The Inquest . —On Tuesday Mr . Wakley , Al . P opened an inquest at thc Black Boy , at iJampstead ' on the bodies of Caroline Hillman , alias Gaids , and her infant , said to have diet ! from the effects of certain poisonous mixtures administered to her with a view to procure abortion . The inquest-room was crowded , and the coroner and jun * having viewed the bodies , Mr . Wakley intimated that no evidence would be taken , and that the inquiry would be at _onee adjourned till a future day , of wliich notice will be given . The court was cleared of strangers , and after a short interval the inquiry was adjourned for a week . It was understood that the reason for adjournment was to secure the production of some important evidence affecting the parties alleged to be concerned in the transaction .
The Case of _Aileged _JLL-lnnATirasT of an Insase Patient in a Private Pauper Lunatic Asylum . —Pursuant to adjournment from Wednesday last , Mr . Wakley , coroner , and the jury impanelled to ascertain by what means William Holding , aged sixteen and a half years , lately an inmate of Armstrong ' s Peckham House Lunatic Asy . lum , came by his death , re-assembled on Monday afternoon , at the Earl Cathcart , Munstcr-street , Regent ' s Park , for the third time . After the exanimation of several witnesses , Mr . Wakley recapitulated the evidence , and observed that , painful as these inquiries invariably were , he believed they were calculated to work out the greatest good in enforcing thc principles of humanity in the management of private lunatic asylums . The court was then cleared
of _strangers , and , after a discussion which lasted up . wards of an hour , it was re-opened , when thc Foreman handed to the coroner the following as the unanimous verdict of the jury : — " That William Holding died from exhaustion , produced by discharge from large wounds from his hips and lower part of his back , and that how those wounds were caused there was not sufficient evidence before the jurors to prove ; and that although there was inflammation in his skin in the situation where the wounds afterwards appeared that such wounds did dot exist when the said William Holding was admitted into Armstrong's Lunatic Asylum at Peckham , whereas the fact is established that they existed in a most aggravated form when he was removed from the asylum : and that the jury are decidedly of opinion that the medical treatment of the deceased was cmlly neglected whilst he was in the asylum . " The inquiry again lasted several hours .
Singular Occurence . —During the thunder storm on Saturday last a remarkable circumstance occurred to two sisters , daughters of a professional gentleman of this city . One of them was at a house in Bristol when the lightning entered the drawing-room in which she was sitting , and struck her on the head , causing a lump to rise upon it almost instantaneously , depriving her ofthe sight of the left eve for a considerable time , and drawing the mouth aside , as if she had been attacked by paralysis . We are happy to learn , that with the oxceptton ot a degree of numoness on the left side , she has recovered frem the effects of
the injury . Her sister was at a friend ' s house , about five miles from this city , and , at nearly the same period at which the above occurrence took place , the lightning entered the room in which she and the family were at dinner , the paper was torn from the walls , part ofthe skirting boards torn away , and a gun which was in the room ( happily charged with powder only ) exploded ; but , mostprovidentialy none ofthe party sustained any personal injury , although the room appeared filled with the electric fluid , and several other parts of the house were damaged ,-Bristol Journal ,
_melaWroit DeAth . —We learn thatthe body of & man named Halladay , a tailor , from Spinningdale _, was found some time ago on the lulls between Aultnacardoch and Lairg . The unfortunate man used to work for the shepherds who inhabit the wilds of Reay and Sutherland , and it is supposed that he fell a victim to the fury of the elements , whilst returning to his place of residence . The body was discovered by accident , and Halladay was never missed—the shepherds not doubting but he had got safe home , and his wife imagining that he was pursuing his ocupation amongst them . —lni > em « s Courier .
Death from Lvtoxioatio . v . —On Monday , an inquest was held before the borough coroner , ' on view ofthe body of Bridget Cullen , a woman upwards of seventy years of age , who resided in Chadwick-street , Liverpool . It appeared that she was very much addicted to drinking , and that about twelve o ' clock on Saturday last she was found lying dead on the floor of her apartment , with her head resting on a stool . Dr . O'Donnell was of opinion that she had fallen while in . 1 state of intoxication , and that death was caused by suffocation from excessive drinking . The jury found accordingly .
Breaking up of the Ice on Lake Erie . — The lake broke up early in March , and thc ice was floating about in islands and large cakes , which werc driven by the westerly wind into the Niagara River , completely filling its whole channel from Black Rock to the Falls . The scene presented at tliis latter point was very impressive . From the head of Goat Island , as far up as the eye could reach , was presented an unbroken field of ice . In the Rapids long lines of . lagged crags werc formed by the islands and cakes of ice whieh were forced up on the rocks and shoals , leaving deep , narrow channels between them . Through these channels huge spectral columns and masses were rushing on like spirits of destruction to a car '
nival of death . The deep emerald of the falling sheet of water was flecked with greater and lesser spots of the purest white , presenting the appearance of a vast molten column of verd antique marble , while the spray losing that comparatively regular and continuous ascent usual to it , was sent up in fitful and irregular spouts and clouds . In the chasm below was another field of ice , scarcely heaving to the throb ofthe mighty pulse below . If the scene _^ the Falls wa s impressive , at Lewiston it was terrific . Ihe north-westerly wind , driving the waves of Lake Ontario into the mouth of the Niagara , prevented the ice from escaping . As the weather was freezing , the agglomerated mass soon form ***" 1 a solid barrier from shore to shore . The ice . constantly driven down from above , was forced
under the upper strata , and the water operating hke ke a hydrostatic bellows , it was constantly elevated until til it reached a thickness of nearly sixty feet , for sis sis miles up the river from its mouth . As it gradual !/ illy rose and spread itself to the utmost limits of space ace between the banks , it crushed and bore away the large timber of docks and warehouses , and tore up by bj thc roots oak trees six feet in circumference , as if i _* f ' » was a mere pastime for its strength . While listening _lini to the tearing of great roots of trees and the crack ; icfc ing of the huge timbers , it seemed that we could _juli almost realise the great poet ' s idea of thc " crack 0 r . 0 doom . ; ' And when the ice had reached its _greats t « elevation , its ragged cliffs rising here and there ffi"j " _«• fearful crevices between ; when evervthine tha * tha '
came within its reach had been torn up , and the th < shore had been lined with a most frightful ckvafaf de-frize , composed of boards , woods , trees , and ti ** ti » ber , then all motion ceased , and a solemn , oppress'' _^ '' ' silence reigned over the scene . Not a sound , not _W i p slightest murmur came up from the usually _roarintinW flood . * ' The sound of many waters , " which or _^ ' _Ijn * rily greets the visitor , was hushed as death . liie lil frost spirit laid his icy hand upon the troubled wate G _£ and they were still . At the Devil ' s Hole , wh ere _w * t tn " rush and roar" is generall y so impressive , agen _^ enti and noiseless current might be seen ; and even _® J _\* J up as the whirlpool the water flowed on in mu » _* i »> ' murmurs . The whole scene , with all its aooessor | e 3 ' _oriw was sublime and _impxessive . —American paper-
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 24, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_24051845/page/4/
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