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- H torto - 1&5. THE NORTHERN STAR. >
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"And «jUd I will war, at least in words,...
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LlOGRtOGRESS OF THE NEW REFORMATION. DJu...
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HORRIBLE MaSSLATjOHTER _ AT DuJUNFIELB. ...
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" The land is the people's inheritance; ...
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ATROCIOUS PERSECUTION OF THE 1IIGHI/ASD ...
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A Conscientious Judoe.-—Judge R. M. Shea...
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mmM fittdftjpitft*
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Loxnox Cobs Exchange, Mondat, May 19.—Th...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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- H Torto - 1&5. The Northern Star. >
- H _torto - 1 _& 5 . THE NORTHERN STAR . >
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4 J _& tttP _;® 0 b * ttWttt _&
"And «Jud I Will War, At Least In Words,...
"And « jUd I will war , at least in words , ( And- ( Anil—should my chance so happen—deed *) , "With With all who war with Thought V "Ifl "l -j * _-ankIhearab'Webii-d , whOEu-gs The * The people by ana by will be the stronger . " —Srsox
Llogrtogress Of The New Reformation. Dju...
LlOGRtOGRESS OF THE NEW REFORMATION . _DJurreJur readers may remember thatthe first subject _•"¦ _cussetc—sed by us -under the bead of "Foreign Move ' j _ t 8 "_ i _*_ " was the extraonlmary reUgious agitation liiich hdch has for sometime past nmaaed a large _porinofC-nofGennany ; occasioned , firstly , by the exhibimn at In at Treves ofthe " Old do ' , " or seamless coat of sscs Cscs _Chhist ; and , secondl y , by the commencement i what what has been appropriately termed the "New ::: fon _*; for--jfion , " led on bythe celebrated priests Ro . vge id Czid Czebski , who , with their adherents , have rc _luncetunced allegiance to , and thrown off the yoke of a rune _, rune . Onr former articles on this subject appeared
the i the Star ot March 8 th and 15 th . We then Broiised * 8 sed to " report progress " at a fhture time , and we j jw pnw proceed to fidfil our promise . 'In _tJIn the Sachsitche _Faterfantf _* * Blatter of the 14 th _LUiuannuary , pr inted at Leipaic , appeared an eloquent itter liter from the pen of _Roxge , headed "A Word ad-Mssccrisstd exclusively to the Romanists of Germany , as a Van lea Year ' s Gift for 1845 . " The following extracts ¦ com 1 tan this letter will show the British public with Ihat hat fearless and uncompromising vehemence the doiu doings" of Rome and her priesthood in Germany i re lire laid bare . It is an ex-Romish priest who speaks : > > t _tht-t the nations listen and gather knowledge from his _rrorfeijrds : _* _--
_Tol _ToBowers of the Roman "Hierarchy , —I have stood _jmonjmong you , and have beheld ivith what sort of sport yon I port port with mankind , -what your intentions towards it are . : ' our ' our lips utter indeed the words of truth , but they dwell _otirotin your hearts ; mercy and love are indeed in your [ _uoutaouths , but they dwell not in your bosoms . Th The Pharisees , as they are painted in Scripture , are . £ chi children compared to yon , Jesuits and ghostly tyrants i [ the ihe high priests and the Jewish priestcraft consumed 'h _*__ _ r people only ; but yon have on your conscience i he he unhappy condition of many nations . Whose was ' . he jhe guilt that caused torrents of German blood to flow n tin the reign of Henry the "Fourth , and a thirty years ' far far to desolate the German empire ? By whom was
? ola * oland hurled into ruin , and in later times Prance and - paSpain torn by intestine commotions and civil war ? By By the ambition , the rapacity , the immorality , and _ at _ achiuatious of the Roman liierarchj _, whose instvu-_ e _ ents dare assume the sacred titles of fathers and _teachirs _irs of nations . Those who have not scanned these vile _iasfastruments might trust their soothing words , and deem _ __ _n angels of light , messengers of peace , the bearers of sal _falration . Yet where shall we meet with the blessings _ e _ ey have scattered , where the felicity that follows their : oo footsteps ? What is the morality they practice ; What me mean their flattering words of love , what has been under thi their guidance fhe fate of that religion which should rendeder nations happy 1 But the clouds are dispersing , and ' on ' woken are the feUers Which "held men ' s minds in
thraldc dom . Te know this , and hence the violence of your inii , dignation . Yet it is done . They who neither know nor ie . feel that the empire of deception and superstition is gone , tl thall shortly be convinced . Ever since I have risen up i | _ig-dnst you , to expose with all simplicity yonr ruinous a adsdeeds , what has been the sentence , what the acts , not c inly of the German bat « f foreign nations f Ye know i * i _ i they are aroused and filled with enthusiasm , ye hear it , ye behold it at this _vei-yhour . "What have been your j proceedings ! Ye have burled curses and hatred from i _ e sacred altars , with maddening zeal invoked against : _ e press _i—ecensor _' _6 _thought-destroy __ _lgi _^ _nplemen __ _, _5 _^ _d inventions , aud designed imprisonment , and , perikiuec , deeds more dire , for me , for all those who dare pre utterance to truth , expose religion abused , the wailjags of long-suppressed complaint , aud the cries of na' jons . Aud truly , did it depend on you , who call your _ti-ea the apostles of love and light , land others had long ctascd to behold the light of dav .
Me ye call a false prophet , tauter , Judas , _pi-qurer , revolutionist , demagogue , communist , and 1 wot not . All this von designate me in yonr controversial writings , and resile aud calnmniate me from your consecrated pulpits But what avails this ? "Nought whatever . Ye bnt damage vour own cause . But who am I that oppose you ? An hxmxble individual , without wealth , without power , who ha ; uo dwelling but iu the hearts of his friend , and of tbe greater part ofthe nation en whom jepraetise jour iraposi _tions—a man , whose indignation was aroused at yonr
_dei _« p _* ions , whocouldiiotstooptobeahvprcrite , whorejected vour living * -, a man who spobein behalf of our most injured religion , and the cheated people , and whom , for so acting , _ve have dispossessed ofhis office and excommunicated as & criminal , what can ye effect against me ? Nought w _* fa _* i : ever . The nations whom ye have so often deceived -sill no longer give you credence ; most of them stand by axe . The small portion whom ye still retain in bondage by vourarts , your wealth , by fear and terror , will soon depan from jour folds , when they become aware that we sgfct the good light in their behalf . * *
Though Dr . Baker , the late editor of the Hermes , be _•*«• so jocose at one time and moved to tears at another , en seeing the pilgrimage to Treves , which he designates * ' Christian Poetry /* yet will no man , who is not devoid of every sense of propriety , behold ihe immorality aud cehauchei-y exhibited at Treves as "Christian Poetry . " Ihe understanding and hearts of millions are not thus to te imposed upon ; and though Bean Forster should indite innumerable sermons against the licentiousness of the _prtw , and in behalf of the Treves idolatry , vain is the effort' Boman doctors , ye have yourselves afforded the prediction of your approaching downfall , in spite of wit , "Christian Poetry , " and craft . You wfll atone , if you _jasevere , for the abominations of centuries of which you _iare been guilty . The impostures you practise will avail
so longer . What * you would srBl be the teachers of religion , and ye traffic with religion like the every . day _Jeroteesof gain . What ! yon wonld be the heralds of * ie Gospel , of that Gospel in which it is related , that _Itiiu cast out of the Temple all them that sold and scugfet within it , and overthrew the tables ofthe money "laagers and the seats of them that sold doves , saying _arto them— "His written , my house shall "be called the _anse of prayer , "but ye have made it a de » of thieves , " <*> _d vet jou would justify a bishop who has extorted *** ney from a _snperstitjous multitude . What J ye would <* _. the teachers of the people , the superintenders of _J-Jecstian , morals , and civilisation , and ye defend the _ttormous folly of venerating—nay , of worshipping a _farmeat ? * # *
Bmau nature isthechurchef God , and _his-jpiritanimates 7 .. _lotMs Church it is that lhave sworn to be faithful —uot to a Bishop of Borne . Hark this , and do not actus * me of violating my sacred obligations , as yon Romanists daily break yours . Yes ; daily do ye break yonr 5 alhs towards mankind ; for we should urge the truth , ad ait in accordance with its dictate **—reconcile and { trfect the human race ; and jet this sacred duty ye " * ic * » eaij- neglect The people are impoverished by your _* _sacUuns and luxury ; your example teaches them _immo-• _** ¦ " % ; and , suppressing aU intellectual aspirations , you _fepoil man of his dignity . Sot only do yon violate the " _"Scred obligations of your oaths towards mankind , but _^ v you owe to your fatherland ; for 50 a owe your birth < Bd education to a German father and mother ; you are
- A s _*& a _m-uniained "by the sweat of your German fellow a _* iz * as - _^ _jmiiw _. and speak the sounds of the German : * fH | aa _, being that in which your mother greeted you as on entered life , and in wliich she uttered fhe accents of _•¦•» undying love ; ye participate in . the productions ofthe _"Su-man mind , and reap the best fruits of German indus' - ¦ - *• and German arts ; ye dweU with your compatriots in _•^ provinces of our home ; ye breathe the country ' s air ; - * German mountains , rivers , states are yours , as they _*¦** ours ; ye have everything in common with us , and yet Js are not Germans , for ye blindly obey the Boman _bishop ; ye are his slaves , and oppress and degrade your ¦ " _¦ _ttinau brethren . Consider all this , read the pages of _f-vrx , look around you , and yon will be convinced that * -i « Roman dominion is gone , and that the Jesuits can no _fcsger find an abiding place among
us-The hour struck , the path was cleared before you , it _^ for you to determine—Boman or German , slaves 01 _-tonen , hypocrisy or truth , hierarchy or Christianity -rre the -watchwords . But you have attended neither to "ie voice of yonr religion , nor to that of your conscience , reason , and country . Ye are resolved to remain the ser-< -mts and instruments of the Boman Bishop on the Ger _man soil ; yon desire evermore to keep under subjection , _^ 3 betray yonr fathers , mothers , brethren , and sisters , 'ienation and your fatherland . Be it so ; but , in the " •" _s _^ e of my _cotmtry , I proclaim that _iriVtAUt ye have chosen
* tsraage yourselves from your feUoa-titizens ; depart , then , toft * country of your adoption , whish you , prefer to tte » oit ' l _^ _a lhih , enter Hie icatts of Pome , sustain them against ¦ f ! i f € irf _' ' ° f K ' * ' ** _- _** tfan > * - * - * maledictions of the nations fea * _" ' " *• Be * ieve lt > " aie nonr _fe nearer at _mmi tnaa "L _^ _deem in your fancied security . Other priests _0 f 9 c'a arise , and communities and teachers equally tto * ' " Au _" ea , Jy , like the distant sounds of the - _" _- _" - »*« , the spirit approaches which soon will lay waste r _^ _fft-smg _eajfjee- tte chains that gall me mind and 1 - —— . _u _^ _cuuitc ; me fiiniii _.-a _tuav _^ j _*»* _m . _w _* _m _***^ _« " _«
_k * " _^ breaking , and nations are entering tbe light of A of _tma _, 3 ,, _^ 0 f mental freedom . Spring has set in , 2 _^ « l * ny airs are wafted over the earth . I hare felt ( j » _Paying around my heart and animating my spirits , saw the seed sown that now germinates , and never ¦* ajri - _*** sert my post until the work be accomplished j _^^ - _* _sase of duty bid me conunence . Your rej _^ " - " ' _** ; « "bnt increased my energy , and boldly will 1 _^ ivr 7 'e _Mm « _of 3 ny _* - 'Ountry which has so long mat _^\ xl ' in 3 'as * ie * s and faithlessness , bnt which now 8 n a u _^ ¦ JJntherly concord and untiring energy will . r Ii _* ev-dl . 11 -fl 0 SCE «
Tha s e » naJ ? cri 9 vt * Roxge have been admirably _M GP _* : ? _^ _e _Po-ish priest _Czebski , curate of Pila _J _^ g _^ ee Schneidemiihl ) , asmaU town in West ¦ ie _^ _«« was the first who saceeeded in "todncing the _-jftp of his parish to give in tlieir adherence to fiomaj , _^ munion . in -retaining the recognised tt tie retn ' _^ n < w rea _^ ? * no * m L 3 _^ _> DU _* refer _toj _^ cnJar _hrngmme , with such omissions as also _aboKJiL- - " * _^ _&& * mtercession 3 ; he has % "JJ _^ r _^ _imCuku- confession . In defence of tie " sM _^ _WOXh _Czehskt issued two publications—- _^ esr _^ l _^ _aah . " and " The jostffication of his _H" _^ e 7 nk _& _^ I Roman Catholic Church . " For C Pter _rfB TOashe _^ cited io appear before the 65 _& 7 hZ _, osen 30 fli of _Januiuy being feed _«*• term of hiB appearance . But Czebski
Llogrtogress Of The New Reformation. Dju...
did not obey the command . The Chapter therefore had recourse to the same means which-had been employed at Breslaw against Johx Roxge , and on the 23 rd of February last the excommunication and degradation of the Rev . —Czebski , formerly a Roman Catholic priest , and now pastor apostolic of the Christian Catholic Church at Schneidemiihl , was published in all the Reman Catholic Churches in Posen . The bannof _communication was pronounced not only against Czebski , bnt also against " all and every one who shall adopt his sentiments . " This once dreaded instrument of ecclesiastical tyranny is now however but little heeded ; it seems to have lost all its power to alarm ; and this excommunicating of a man several months after he had publicly withdrawn from
the Romish communion , and declared his reasons for doing so , seems to have excited more ridicule than _rererfmce even amongst Roman Catholics . The progress of the Reformation in Germany , and more _especiallyrin the Prussian provinces , has been strikingly rapid . At the commencement of the month of March , the Church in Breslaw numbered 600 members , that of the Berlin about as many ; Schneidemuhl 500 , Annabe _* _-g 200 famUies , and eight or ten other places average 400 reformers , which , in less than six months , and with so slow a people as the Germans , is wonderful ! But besides these places , the Roman Catholics of Dresden , Leipsic , Brunswick , Bremen , and various small places in Saxony have caught the flame , and formed congregations of Dissenters from Rome . Even the south of Germany has been roused , and in Frankfort , Offenbach , Elberficld _, Wiesbaden , & c ., demonstrations of
sympathetic feeling and conviction have been made . Ivor is the power of the truth , and the newlvawakened brotherly interest for those whom In former days they would have thought it a duty to hate , confined to kind words , butmamfestsitself both in an avowed willingness to brave , with them , the open violence or the secret machinations of an enraged hierarchy , and in contributions of pecuniary aid no way contemptible in amount , for the support and propagation or the new doctrine . This aid is needed , as one of the fundamental novelties of the infant reformation , is tne abrogation of all perquisites ( for burials , baptisms , marriages , -4 c . ) , which have hitherto formed the chief part , not only of Roman Catholic , but of Protestant pastoral income in Germany . A letter dated Hamburgh , March 8 th , contains the following : —
"Even where the spirit of reform does not extend to the abandoning of Eome altogether , it has excited and encouraged the hope of getting rid of some ofher shackles ; and thus not only have several lloman Catholic congregations applied to their bishops f » take the initiative , ex _<*** foio , in throwing off the later exactions and devices of Home , but more than one Romish clergyman has , through the medium of the press , manfully exhorted the German bishops and higher clergy to "imitate their nobler predecessors in the last century , especially Bishop Houtheain and the members ofthe Congress of Ems , and by forming a free German Roman Catholic Church , get rid at once of the Boman yoke , and the dangers of a schism which now
threatens , not only the errors , bnt the existence ofthe Catholic Church . " Such are the sentiments of Edward Duller , whose " Public letter to the German bishops , " his " Address to German Catholics , whether Priests or ¦ Laity , " bis •' Address to German Princes , " bnt above all his "Jesuits as they are and were , " written for and dedicated to fhe people of Germany , are bought up almost as fast as they can be published ; while the Historical Examinations into the Pretensions ofthe Unseamed _Ceat of Treves ( now , bythe way , discovered to have a seam . ' ) and 24 other unseamed coats , by the Bonn professors , Drs . _Gildemeister and Sybel , is passing through its fourth edition . '
To the above must be added the priest _Licht , who , in imitation of Rosge , pubUshed an address against the superstitions connected with the Holy Coat , wluch address has dr awn down upon him deposition from the priestly office , but has not caused him to retract . On the other hand , the enemies of the Reformation are f ar from being idle—and in addition to all fair means of stopping the torrent , such as counter publications , counter associations , formation of reading societies ( in which carefully-selected Roman Catholic books are furnished gratis ) , they add the institution of new religious orders , such as " The or < f « r 0 / tiie Heart of Mary , " "The order of the Rosary , " & e ., to tile members of wliich is specially committed the task of praying for the restoration of
apostates , various high privileges , and promises of temporal and spiritual good , are bestowed on such as distinguish themselves by success in this good work ; and the ( at least ) equivocal expedient was resorted to of sending an ecclesiastical embassy , composed of the Roman Catholic clergy of Leipsic , conjoined with those of Dresden , to implore the King o f Saxony to employ his authority to check the progress of tliis inroad on the papacy ! The application to Frederick Augustus , himself a Roman Catholic , has , to lus eternal honour , put an end for ever to all hope of assistance from him ; for he is represented to have expressed his utmost astonishment that he , nineteen-twentieths of whose subjects are Protestants , should be applied to against them ; and that , too , at a moment when their
conciliatory conduct towards their Roman Catholic fellow subjects was so grateful to his heart . " Ton know , moreover , ' * " said his Majesty , "that I , as king of a constitutional state , have sworn to afford full freedom of conscience to the professors of every creed ; I , therefore , will not lay any hindrance whatever in the way of the present movement , but leave it to take its own free course ; for I neither could nor would try to turn any one aside from the ritual he deemed conducive to his salvation . This / ' added the king , "is my _unalterable resolve ; "" and with this unpalatable declaration , the disappointed clergy were graciously dismissed . Their attempt and its result soon got wind , and the noble reply of the Saxonmonarchrang in notes of joy and triumph through every street in Leipsic .
3 _ST Since the above was in type , we hare been put in possession of news much more recent , detailing the triumphant march of the new movement We must defer particulars till our next .
Horrible Masslatjohter _ At Dujunfielb. ...
_HORRIBLE _MaSSLATjOHTER __ AT DuJUNFIELB . — On Sunday morning great excitement was caused in Dukinfield and the neighbourhood , by a report that a woman had been murdered in Pickford-Iane , a lonely read leading from Stanley Fold to various coalpits at -fie extremity of the township . It appears that tiie unfortunate woman , whose name is Sarah _MaUinson ( aged 25 years ) , was employed as a cardroom hand at ( he mill of Messrs . Hyde , Sons , and Sowerby . She had only been living in the neighbourhood about three weeks , having come from Man chester to work . She was known to keep company with , and in fact was far advanced in pregnancy by , a man named Charles Mason , a grinder at the mills
of Messrs . Bums and Bean , Dnkmficld . About two o'clock on Sunday morning the inhabitants living at Stanley Fold heard a female screaming _mostpiteously in the lane adjoining ; several persons got out of bed , and went to their chamber windows in order to ascertain the cause ; and , believing that it was merely a quarrel between a man and his wife , no further notice was taken of the matter . A little after three o ' clock , however , Sarah _Mallinson was found lying in the lane , in a pool of blood , quite insensible , and in that state she was taken to the workhouse . Constable Eastwood was sent for , and on his arrival he obtained medical assistance , but the woman died shortly afterwards . On examining tie body , the skin was found to be bruised in various places , indicating that a
struggle had taken place ; and she appeared to have lost a large quantity of blood from a wound in the leg . It being generally rumoured that Charles Mason had caused the woman ' s death , Mr . Little , the special high constable , along with constable Eastwood , apprehended him the same morning , and he was lodged in the Hyde lockups . Iu the course of ihe day , however , matters came to light , which proved -tliat a notoriously had character , known in the neighbourhood by the name of " Staffordshire Tom , " Irat -whose teal name is Thomas Brown , a collier , and a married man , was implicated . Tins man , early on Sunday morning , not being aware of the woman ' s death , mentioned to some colliers what
he " bad succeeded in doing , in language ot a most disgusting kind ; and , at the same time , esposed his hands , which were covered with blood . On hearing ofthe ' . female's death shortly afterwards , heleftthe neighbourhood in great haste . Some of the colliers , to whom he had commnnicated the information , waited npon constable Eastwood , and offered their services to go in search of him ; and on Monday two of them succeeded in apprehending Mm at Newton Heath , near Manchester , whence he was conveyed to the Hyde lockups . On Tuesday an inquest was held on the deceased , and a long investigation closed with a verdict of Manslaughter against Brown , who was immediately committed to gaol under the coroner ' s warrant .
Fataj . Accidest .- —We regret to have to record an accident , attended with loss of life , which happened last night on the Edinburgh and Glasgow RaUway . It appears that a Mr . Cowley , wine-merchant ( some say cattle dealer ) , belonging to Glasgow , hired a special train to convey him to Edinburgh on some pressing business . The journey was performed without interruption till the train had reached -rathin four miles of this end of the line , when thehalf-pastseven o ' clock train from Glasgow , proceeding at a greater Telocity , overtook the special train engaged by Mr Cowley . By this time it was past nine o ' clock , and of course dark , and , as there were no lights on the
trains , and the noise of the one overcoming that of the other , neither of them had the least idea of their increasing proximity until they came into fearful collision , in which " the oi * dinary train penetrated through the carriage of the special one , and thus crushed the unfortunate passenger to instantaneous death , We miderstand that no other person sustained any soiious injury , though several of the carr iages were thrown off the rails . The accident was immediately communicated to those connected witn the railway at the terminus here , when a party was forthwith dispatched to clear the line against the coming of the maatrain . —i » tno « _rjrA Advertiser ot Taesday .
THE LAND ! Within that land was many a malcontent , Who curs'd the tyranny to which he bent ; The soil full many a wringing despot saw , Who work'd his wantonness in form of law . Byhok .
" The Land Is The People's Inheritance; ...
" The land is the people ' s inheritance ; aud kings , princes , peers , nobles , priests , and commoners , who have stolen it from them , hold it upon the title of popular ignorance , rather than upon any right , human or divine . " _—Jeakgds O'Connob . f
Atrocious Persecution Of The 1iighi/Asd ...
ATROCIOUS PERSECUTION OF THE 1 IIGHI / ASD ERS . —THE SCOTCH LAND-ROBBERS UN MASKED . "We take the following letters froia the Times ol _Tues day and Wednesday last : —
Letter I . THE _ClEABiNCES IN THE HIGHLANDS or SCOTLAND . _Ardgay , near Tain , Rossshire , May 15 . Those who remember the misery and destitution into which large masses ofthe population were thrown by the systematic " clearances" ( as they are here called ) carried on in _Sufhcrlandshire some twenty-five years ago , under the direction and on the estate of the late Marchioness of Stafford—those who have not forgotten to what an extent the ancient ties which bound clansmen to their chiefs were then torn asunder—will regret to learn that that heart _, less course , with all its sequences of misery , of destitution , and of crime , is again being resorted t _» in Rossshire .
Amongst an imaginative people like the Highlanders , poetic from dwelling amidst wild and romantic scenery , shut outfrom the world , and clinging to the traditions of the past , it requires little , with fair treatment , to make them _almogt idolize their heritor . They would spend the last drop of their blood in his service . Bat this feeling of respectful attachment to the landowners , which money cannot buy , is fast passing away . This change is not without cause ; and , perhaps , if the dark deeds of calculating "feelosophy , " transacted through tbe instrumentality of factors in some of these lonely glens _^—if the almostiuconceivable misery and hopeless destitution in which , for the expected acquisition of a few -pounds , hundreds of peaceable and generally industrious and contented peasants are driven out from the means of self-suppcrt to become wanderers and starving beggars , and hi which a brave and valuable population is destroyed—are exposed to the gaze ofthe world , general indignation and disgust may effect what moral obligations and humanity cannot
One of these " clearances" is about to take place in the parish of Kincardine , from which I now write ; and throughout the whole district it has created the strongest feeUng of indignation . This parish is divided into two districts , each of great extent ; one is called the Parliamentary district of Croick . It is so named from one of the churches which by a grant from Parliament about eighteen years ago were to be erected in the most remote parts of the Highlands , having been built here . The length of this district is about twenty miles , with a breadth of from ten to fifteen miles . It extends amongst the most remote and unfrequented parts of the country ,
consisting chiefly of hillB of heather and rook , peopled only in afew straths and glens . This district was formerly thickly peopled ; bnt one of these " clearances , " many years ago , nearly swept away the population , and now the whole number of its inhabitants amounts , I am told , to only 370 souls . These are divided into three straths or glens , and live in a strath called Amatnatua , another strath called Greenyard , and in Glen Calvie . It is the inhabitants of Glen Calvie , in number ninety people , whose turn it is now to be driven out of their homes , all at once—the aged and the helpless as well as the young and strong ; nearly fhe whole of them without a hope or a prospect for the future .
The proprietor of tbis glen is Jhvjor Charles Robertson , of Kindeace _, who is at present out with his regiment in Australia ; and his factor , or steward , who acts for him in his absence , is Mr . James Gillanders , of Ilighfield-cottage , near Dingwall . Glen Calvie is situate about twenty-five miles from Tain , westward , and is named from a stream called the Calvie , which runs between abrupt hills and rocks , and forms thc boundary of the township on one side . This stream is here joined by the river Carron , a tolerably broad and deep rivulet , and on the tongue of land thus formed by the two rivers the cottages are built . Bleak rough hills , whose surface is almost all rock and heather , close in on all sides , leaving in tbe valley shut in by these streams a gentle declivity of arable land of a very poor
description , dotted over with cairns of stone and rock , not at the utmost computation of more than fifteen to twenty acres in extent . For this piece of indifferent land , with a right of pasturage on the hills impinging upon it , and on which , if it were not a fact that sheep do live , you would not credit that they could live , so entirely does it seem devoid cf vegetation beyond the brown heather , whilst its rocky nature makes it dangerous and unprofitable even for a sheep walk , the almost incredible rent of £ 5510 s . has been paid . I am convinced that for the same land no farmer in England would give £ 15 at the utmost . Even respectable farmers here say tbey do not lmow how the people raised the rent for it . Potatoes and barley were grown in the valley ; and some sheep and a few black uttle findprovenderamongstthcheather . Eightcenfamilleshave
each a cottage in the valley ; they have always paid their rent punctually , and they have contrived to support themselves without assistance in all ordinary seasons . They have no poor on the poor's roll , and help one another over the winter . On reference to _thepoor-roll , I find that the last relief given from the poor ' s funds was to a widow now dead , who received Ss . a-year , and 4 s . 6 d . a-year to a sickly girl who was unable to do anything . This relief ceased in 1842 . I am told that not an inhabitant of this valley has been charged with any offence for years back . During the war it furnished many soldiers ; and an old pensioner , 82 years of age , who has served in India , is now dying iu one of these cottages , where he was born . For the convenience of the proprietor , some ten years ago four of the principal tenants became bound for the rest , to collect all the rents and pay the whole in one sum .
The " clearance" of this valley having attracted much notice , has "been thoroughly inquired into , and a kind of defence has been entered into respecting it , which I am told has been forwarded to the Lord Advocate . Through the politeness of Mr . _M'Ken-de _, writer , of Tain , lhave been favoured with a copy of it . The only explanation or defence of the " clearance" that I can find in it is , tbat " shortly alter Mr . Gillanders assumed the management of Major Robinson ' s estate , he found that it became _abaolntely necessary to adopt a different system in regard to the lands of Glen Calvie from that hitherto pursued . " The "differentsystem" is , it appears , to turn barley and potatoe grounds into a sheep walk ; and the " absolute necessity" for it is an alleged increase of rent .
Itwas accordingly , in 1843 , attempted to serve summonses of removal upon the whole of the tenants . They were in no arrear of rent they had no burdensome poor * _, for 500 years their forefathers had peaceably occupied the glen , and the people were naturally indignant . Who can be surprised ? On the constables going amongst them with the summonses ( notices to quit ) , they acted in a manner , which whilst it shewed then * excitement , not the less evinced their wish to avoid breaking the law . The women met the constables beyond the boundaries , over the river , and seizing the hand of the one who held the notices , whilst some held it out by the wrist , others held a live coal to the papers , and set fire to them . They were afraid of being charged with destroying the notices , and the ; sought thus to evade the consequences . This act of
resistance on their part has been made the most of . One of the men told me , that after this attempt to summons them , hearing that they were to be turned out because tbey did not pay rent enough , they offered to pay £ 15 a year more rent , and afterwards to pay as much rent for the place as any other man would give . The following year ( 1 M _* _J , however , the four chief tenants were decoyed to Tain , under the assurance tbat Mr . Gillanders was going to settle with them , they believing ihat their holdings were to be continued to them . The notices were then , as they say , in a treacherous and tricky manner served upon them ; however , having been served , a " decreet of removal" was obtained against them , under which , of course , if they refused to turn out . they would be put
out by force , rinding themselves in tbiB position , they entered into an arrangement with Mr . Gillanders , in which , after several propositions on either side , itwas agreed that they should remain in possession till the 32 th of May , to give them time to provide themselves with holdings elsewhere . Mr . Gillanders agreeing to pay them £ 100 on quitting , and to take their stock at a valuation . They were also to have liberty to carry away the timber of their houses , which really is worthless except for firewood . On their part they agreed to leave peaceably , and not to lay down any crop . Beyond the excessive harshness of removing the people at all , it is but right to say that the mode of proceeding in the removal has been temperate and considerate .
Two respectable fanners became bound for the people that they would carry out their part of the agreement , and the time of removal _liai since been extended to the 25 th of this month . In the defence got up for this proceeding , it is stated that all have been provided for ; this is not only not the case , but seems to be intentionally deceptive . - ' In speaking of all , the four principal tenants only are meant ; for , according to the factor , these are oK with whom he had to do . And this is not the case even with regard to the four principal tenants . Two only , a father and son , have got a piece of black moor near Tain , twenty-five miles off , without any house or shed on it , out of which they hope to obtain subsistence . For this they are to pay £ 1 rent , for seven acres , the first year ; £ 1 tor the second year ; and £ 3 for a continuation . Another old man with a family has got a house and a small lot ot land in Edderton , about twenty miles off . These are the to
whole who have obtained places where they may hope make a living . The old pensioner , if removing him docs not "kill him , has obtained two rooms for himself and family , and for his son ' s family , at a rent of £ 3 or li $ some ten miles off , without any land or means of subsistence attached to it . This old soldier has been offered 2 s . a week by the factor to support him while he lived . He was one ofthe four principal tenants bound for the rent j and indignantly refused to be kept as a pauper . A widow with four children , two imbecile , has obtained two small apartments in a bothie or turf-hut near Bonar-bridge , for which she is to pay £ 2 rent , without any land or means of _subsistence . Another man with a wife and four children , has got an apartment at Bonar-bridge , at £ 1 rent . He goes there quite destitute , without means of living . Six only out of eighteen households therefore have been able to obtain places in which to put their heads ; and of these , three only have a means of subsistence before them .
Atrocious Persecution Of The 1iighi/Asd ...
The refit are hopeless and helpless . Tno or three of the men told me they had heen round to every factor and propnetonnthe neighbourhood , and they could obtain no place and nothingto do , and they did not know where to go to , or what to do to live . There can be no doubt that a fear of the New Scotch Poor Law influenced many in giving this refusal ; and looking at it in this light they cannot perhaps be blamed for refusing totake the probable burden of another on themselves . The cottages themselves are outside apparently low heaps of turf . They are grown over so as to be of the
_eetoiir 1 of ' hebrown hills , and at a distance ave not distmgmsbable from the hill . They are nil built on one plan , and are divided into three compartments . The first yoii enter is a stable or cow- shed ; a doorway out of this leads into the family room , and another doorway beyond leads to the far room , which is the _bed-room and state apartment , being kept tidy and appropriated to receive visitors . The fire is on a stone in the middle ofthe famil y or centre room , and warms the whole cottage . Though the roofe and sides are blackened with the peat smoke everything within them is clean and orderly . '
And for what arc all these people to be reduced from comfort to beggary ? For what is this virtuous and eontented community to be scattered and driven into destitution 1 I confess I can find no answer . It is said that the factors wonld rather have one tenant than many , ns it saves them trouble . But so long ns the rent is punctually paid , as this has been , itis contrary to all experience to suppose that one large tenant will pay more rent than many small ones , or that a sheep walk can pay more rent than cultivated land . Now , no doubt tliere is an object in driving off the people—namel y , fear ofthe New Scotch Poor Law compelling the heritors to pay towards the support of those who cswhha support themselves . How they have hitherto performed this obligation , and why they should be afraid of the New Scetch Poor Law , must form the subject of another letter .
In the meantime let me add , that so far from the " clearance" at Glen Calvie being a solitary instance in this neighbourhood , it is one of many . The tenants of Newmore , near Tain , who , I am told , amount to sixteen families , are to be " weeded" out ( as they express it here ) on the 25 tb , by the same Mr . Gillanders . The same factor manages the Strathconnan estate , about thirty miles from Newmore , from which , during the last four years , some hundreds of families have been " weeded . " The Government church of that district , built eighteen
years ago to meet the necessities ofthe population , is now almost unnecessary from , the want of population . At Blacldsle , near Dingwall , the same agent is pursuing the same course ; and so strong is the feeling of the poor Highlanders at these outrageouspro * eeding 5 , sofar as tbey are concerned wholly unwarranted from any cause whatever , tbat I am informed on the best authority , and by those who go amongst them , and hear what they say , that it is owing to the influence of religion alone that they refrain from breaking out into open and turbulent resistance of the law .
I enclose you the defence of this proceeding , with a list of the names aud numbers of each family in Glen Calvie , in all _ninety-two persons .
Letter II . ¦ TOE 1 KFASOUS _SfMWCB POOB UK _STSTEM , Ardgay , near Tain , Rossshire , Saturday , May 17 . In my last letter , giving you some account of the " clearance" at Glen Calvie , yon had an instance of the manner in which whole Highland districts are depopulated , and in which the poor Highland cottiers are " weeded out , " as it is here termed , with a cold calculating heartlessness which is almost as incredible as it is disgusting . I purpose to-day giving you a further description of the condition of the poor , and of their treatment by the heritors , or landowners ; in so doing I shall confine myself to the surrounding district where I happen to be .
In the speech of the Lord Advocate on introducing the proposed new Scotch Poor Law Bill into the House of Commons , that learned lord is reported to have said , " He did not think it requisite to make it compulsory upon all parishes to assess themselves . Jf ihe funds wtre provided —if the poor did receive sufficient relief— it was a matter of no general importance in what manner they were so provided . Theparties interested ought to be allowed to raise the necessary funds in thexnamtr most _ooreeable to themselves , " As the past conduct of those whose duty it was to provide funds for the poor must be taken as the best criterion of what their future conduct is likely to be , I will proceed to show what funds have been provided , and what relief the poor have received , under a voluntary
assessment ; and I think it ivill then be pretty apparent that "the manner most agreeable" to the heritors and others whose duty this is , isnottoprovidefundsat . il ! . I am now in the parish of Kincardine , ten miles west of Tain . This parish is divided into two districts * , one of these is the Parliamentary district of Croick , and is that part of the parish the most wild and unfrequented , in which , eighteen years ago , by a grant from Parliament , a church was built and endowed to meet the necessities of the then more numerous population . This district consists chiefly of wild moors , extending twenty miles in length , with a breadth of ten to fifteen miles . By systematic " clearance" the population of the glens and valleys has been reduced to 370 .
For two years and a half before the disruption in the Church , the Rev . Mr . Aird , a very worthy and simpleminded man , who is my informant , was the established clergyman of this distriet . As such , it became his duty to receive and distribute the funds collected for the relief of the poor of his distriet . For the information of your English readers I may state , that each Sunday a collection is made at the church doors from the congregation , or the elders of the church go about with ladles , and the poor congregation subscribe their pence for their still poorer neighbours . The sum thus collected is handed to a treasurer . The heritors rarely attend these churches , as they do not reside in the parish , and are therefore not often contributors to this fund , as part of the congregation , They are for the greater part of the year absentees from Sc « _tlaud , Their subscription in aid of the poor ' s funds must therefore be by voluntary assessment , or contribution . The district of Croick is held hy seven heritors or proprietors , whose total incomes , or rental derived from it , is about £ 2000 a year .
Amongst this Highland population of 370 souls , during the two years and a half immediately preceding the disruption of the' Church—that is , from three to four years ag _« ( and the only change in ' their condition at this moment is a change for the worse)—about twenty-seven were paupers—that is , persons aged axxd feeble , who eovM do nothing ; but , besides these , very many , who could do something towards their own support , were on the verge of starvation . There are also two idiots , for whose sup port the seven heritors subscribe £ 6 annually , or an average of 17 s . lid . each .
For the support of these twenty-seven paupers the _church-door collection amounts , or rather amounted before the disruption in the Church , to about £ 8 a year , a few shillings more or less . The _votuntarj * assessment , or subscription of the seven heritors , as their share towards the support of the poor , " the aged and the feeble , " of their own ¦ community was—nothing ; they never gave ose _pabthino . The poor supported their own helpless poor ; the wealthy let them do so unassisted . The whole legal support ; therefore , of those twenty-seven aged and feeble paupers on the poor ' s roll was just £ 8 a year , or on an average Ss . Ild . a year each , or a fraction more ( as the Scotch like calculation ) than one penny farthing a week .
It happens that to this Parliamentary district of Croick an English gentleman ( Colonel Long , of Bromley , in Kent ) comes down every year to shoot . Pitying the abject and wretched condition of the poor Highlanders that he sees around him , he has been in the habit f * r several years back of leaving with the minister a yearly donation of £ 10 , to be distributed amongst the most necessitous according to his discretion . Thus , then , an English gentleraan and a stranger , deriving no rental from the parish , with no tie to bind him to it , gives out of pure humanity more to support the poor , "the aged and the feeble ,-than the whole of the parish , inelnding its heritors , who derive £ 2000 a year from it . It is in this district that Glen Calvie is situate , from which place its 90 poor cottiers ave about to be " weeded , " During the three bad seasons of 183 C , 1837 , and 1888 , to relieve the starving condition of the Highlanders , owing to the almost total failure of their crops , collections , as is well known , were
made in England to a large amount to purchase meal to distribute amongst them . During two of those years upwards £ 20 ' s worth of meal , bought by English generosity , waa distributed amongst the cottiers of Glen Calvie . I am told that it is almost impossible to conceive how they existed . Yet each of those three years of absolute unproductiveness of their land , they contrived to pay , by sacrifiring tlieir stock , and getting into debt , ihe whole of their rent , £ 55 10 s ., to their landlord . The heritor did not abate them one sixpence—he did not subscribe one farthing towards the relief of their distress . In reality , in other words , as their land conld not keep them , his rent was _pai" ! _9 ut of English charity . The poor cottiers feared to be backward in their rent , lest it should be caught as a pretext , and they should be ejected . The pretext has at length been found ; their valley is to be made a sheep _, walk at an alleged increase of rent nobody believes ean be given , and tie fable of the wolf and the lamb has found another illustration .
It is , however , but right to state that the ladies of one or two ofthe heritors and gentry who reside in the neighhood are very kind to the poor immediately around them . The lady of Sir Charles Ross , one of the heritors , and the lady of Mr . Ross , of Pitealvie , the chief of the clan Ross , who is one of the resident lairds during a portion of the year , are spoken of as doing much good to the poor in their immediate neighbourhoods . The parish of Assynt is in _Sutlierlandshive , adjoining this neighbourhood . It is divided into two districts , the larger of which is Assynt , and is about forty miles from where I write . It extends over a distance of about forty miles , by fifteen or eighteen miles in breadth , the greater part of it being black moor . The glens and valleys are inhabited hy a population of about 1 , 500 , The whole
are poor , but the . very poorest , "the feeble and the aged , w ho can do nothing , " and who are on the poor ' s roll , ave seventy in number . The amount collected in Kirk Session from these , poor people for the support of those who are paupers amongst them varies from £ 11 to £ 18 a-year . The Duke of Sutherland is the sole heritor of the parish , and derives a rental from it of about £ 3 , 000 a-year ' , hi 8 subscription to the poor ' s fund of the whole parish is £ 6 a-year , of which sum the district of Assynt gets £ 310 s ., the rest goes to the other district , called Stoer . Taking the highest sum as the Kirk Session collection , together ¦ with the hetitoT' -s voluntary contribution , the relief per head only averages 6 s . _IJd . a-year to tbe poorest of the poor , or not quite three halfpence a-week . I have the best authority for thi » statement , and my informant assured me that the hi ghest sum that any of these paupers get is
Atrocious Persecution Of The 1iighi/Asd ...
4 s . a-year , or something less than oik ; penny a-weck whilst many of them only get kdf-a-erom a-year , or a fraction more than a halfpenny _a-ieeek lo Ike vpon . 'f hey subsist , of course , by begging meal from their poor neighbours _. In the parish of Fodderty , which is in the presbytery of Dingwall , there is a population of upwards of 2 , 000 , of which number about 100 of the most necessitous are on the poor ' s roll . The parish is about thirty miles by eleven in extent , and the property is owned by six heritors . The collections at the church door _ameunted to from £ 40 to £ 50 a-year ; nearly the half of this was required for church expenses , leaving only £ 25 to £ 30 for the support ofthe poor on the roll . The heritors frequented tho church only once or twice in the yc : \ r ; and I have good
authority for saying that the amount of their church subscription for the poor never exceeded £ 2 a-ycar . Beyond that , as heritors , by voluntary assessment or contribution , they—gave nothing . The largest amount that one of these poor / tmi * ies on the poor ' s roll ( for I am informed it is families and not _indi-oWuals ) obtained in the year was half-a-crown , or something more than a halfpenny a-week , for the poorest , or a pauper family , to subsist on ; whilst some received as little as ls . fid . a-year for a family , or something less than a halfpenny a-week , I am informed that , with the exception of the Seaforth family , who were very kind in assisting the poor around them , not one of these six heritors ever did anything for any of their poor , beyond an occasional subscription once or twice a-year at the church-door ; the extent of fwhieh I have already stated .
It is apparent that nearly the _xvhole support of the paupers is derived from the subscriptions of their poor neighbours at church , aided by begging . But when I mention the amount of these collections , I refer to the period before the Church disruption . Since that period , the great muss of the people having gone over to the Free Church , fhe church collections , which were the principal aids to the paupers , have become wholly inadequate , and the consequence has been a considerable outcry on the part of the paupers who before had kept quiet , and applications have been made to the Court of Session at
Edinburgh to enforce allowances for their support from the heritors . Many of the people , too , knowing that their relief came from the subscriptions of their poorer neighbours , have borne the utmost privations with the greatest patience , and without co _nplaint , But now , when almost all relief has failed , from the falling off of the church collections , and the heritors are compelled to support them , they say they will not be satisfied with their former scanty allowance , but will have sufficient to keep them from starving without begging from those , nearly as poor as themselves .
1 have no space now to notice individual cases of most gross and callous-hearted oppression in various other places . One man , a respectable miller , whose father , and grandfather before him , hud rented a mill of one ofthe heritors in this neighbourhood , having taken the part of a poor woman who was ejected from her holding to make room for some improvements , and who on applying to her landlord to do something for her was beaten and driven from the door by him with a stick , walked ten miles yestcr . day to tell me his own case , In the midst of a winter ' s night , with deep snow on the ground , he and his aged mother were suddenly turned out of his house under a decreet of removal , and his mother is now bed-ridden from the consequences of that exposure to the weather , and distress of mind at thus being driven out of the place in wliich she had lived the greater part of her life . I have heard some dozen similar _storits of individual wrong , but will conclude with quoting the letter of a minister ofa parish in tliis neighbourhood , sent to me two days ago : —
Nothing short of a visit to this quarter and conversation with the poor creatures themselves , could give an idea of the misery and wretchedness to which the people of this parish are reduced * by the heartless and cruel tyranny of their oppressors . Here tliere is a kind of slavery ten times worse than that which for so long a period disgraced Britain . Thepoor are starving , and yet so much afraid are the people ( who are tenants at will ) of being removed , without any prospect of a shelter anywhere , and without means to support themselves , that lately I could get none to sign as witnesses to the petition
of a pauper who required relief from the heritors and Kirk Session . They said if tlieir names were seen as witnesses , how clamant soever the case , they were sure of being thrown upon the wide world at next term . I have a list in my possession of from fifty to sixty who since the disruption were turned away from houses and lands , and service and employment , by a heritor in this parish , because they would not become residuaries and denounce the Free Church . I had myself to collect for them privately about £ 50 , otherwise I have no doubt some of them would have been reduced to starvation . One
man who was turned out with his family could get no shelter , and was obliged to take refuge in an old barn , where his wife that night was confined . Imagine the state of that poor family in such circumstances . A widow , on the borders of 70 , whose husband before his death built a small cottage and barn , and "bought in" ( as we say here ) a little land , was summoned out at the term . She was perfectly at a loss what to do . Out she was obliged to go . For a few days she lived in her barn . But as she was preparing to go to bed one night , a messenger from the heritor entered , and told her that that moment she must be out . There was no alternative . ' That night , and a cold rainy night it was , she had to take her . little supper on the hill-side , weeping bitterly , until some person
coming the way took her into some house for the night . Her pieces of furniture were for weeks on the hill-side exposed to the weather . Another , who was on the poor ' s roll for many years , was turned out withoutany provision , and must have starved had not some person had compassion on her and sheltered her . 1 might have added many similar cases , but it is really sickening to think of them , and I am perfectly ashamed to say that in this , my beloved country , such cruelties could be tolerated . I have not the slightest doubt that had I not used my influence with my people , inculcating patience and forbearance , as the Gospel teaches , under trials and persecutions , the perpetrators of such unmanly and heartless acts would have dearly paid for their conduct .
I wish not to be unjust , and to fall into the stupid error of accusing the whole gentry of a county of natural meanness and _tyrannj * . No doubt , as in all other communities , there are humane and good men among them , as well as harsh and greedy men * . but whatever may be the disposition of men , they must all in some degree be affected by circumstances . I am informed by a gentleman who knows Rosshire well , and who from his position is well acquainted with the means of most of the proprietors , that many of the heritors and large farmers , having been led into expensive habits from the higher rents and prices obtained during the war , and not having been able to shake off those habits of living all at once , have got into embarrassment , and very many of the estates of thc heritors are now in the hands of trustees for thc benefit of
their creditors ; others ave greatly shackled by debts and expenses which they have not always the means to meet . " It is ill for an empty hag to sit upright , " says the old proverb ; hence many of the mean shifts to which better iutentioned men are compelled to resort ; and to this general poverty , with expensive establishments , may be traced the greater part of those oppressions which shock humanity , and of those meannesses which make us ashamed of our common nature .
A Conscientious Judoe.-—Judge R. M. Shea...
A Conscientious Judoe _.- —Judge R . M . Shearn , of North Carolina , has resigned his office . In doing so he says— "During the time I have been in office , 1 have had seven fights , a great number of quarrelshave been indicted twice—and I conceive thc greatest act of justice which I can do thc publie and myself , is to resign my said office of justice ofthe peace . "American paper _.
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Loxnox Cobs Exchange, Mondat, May 19.—Th...
Loxnox Cobs Exchange , Mondat , May 19 . —The arrivals of wheat coastwise were liberal during the past week , and fair supplies of English flour and malt came to hand , but of barley , _beans , ' peas , and oats the receipts from onr own coast and Scotland were small Of the last named article _afairqnantitjr arrived froiii Ir eland , in additien to nearly 20 , 000 qrs from abroad . The supplies of foreign wheat , barleyj _afta * beans wero also rather large . At this _morningjtsi , market there was only a moderate show of _wheatiy , land-can iage samples fronirthe home counties , scarcely .-iny hurley o f home growth , and but few beans or pea * , but of oats there was on the whole a good _displa * . Vhe weather continues cold and _ungenjal , and comiiiuinto
of injury done to the , whea _$ plant by the win-worm are on tiie increase . . The trade for .. wheat was nevertheless slow to-day , and it was impossiWe to establish the slightest advance on the rates _cun-oht ' on this day se ' nnight * , at former prices , however , rather more disposition to purchase was matiikstcd _,, and a fair clearance was effected . ' _, ; The recently received Baltic cargoes ; were offering at previous terms , and a moderate extent of business was done ' in the _finor sorts froni Rostock at 50 s . to 52 s . per or . duty paid . In bond *' nothing of interest occurred . ' The little English barley exhibited was heia pretty firmly , but foreign was easily bought at the _ktolv
reduced rates . In prices of malt there is no change to report , but the article hung heavily on hand . Notwithstanding the somewhat abundant arrival of oats during the past week , factors were by no means anxious sellers this morning , and liaying . a renewed _, country demand , the currcucy of Monday was welt supported . Bcaus were in good request , , and moved off readil y at previous terms . Peas were also saleable at fully the prices of this day se ' nnight . There was more canaryseed offering than could be disposed of , still lower rates were not accepted . Ih elovcrseed little or nothing was done .. Linseed and rapeseed fully as dear as last week . Tares but little inquired for .
CDRIIEST PRICES OF GRAIN , PER IMPERIAL QUARTER . —British . a * a _» Wheat , Essex , Si Kent , new Si old red 42 48 White 48 5 * Norfolk and Lincoln . ... do 43 47 Ditto 48 50 Northum . and Scotch white 42 47 Fine 48 52 Irish red old 0 0 Red 42 44 White 46 48 Rye Old SO 31 New 28 30 Brank 38 36 Barley Grinding .. 24 26 Distil . 27 29 Malt . 30 82 Malt Brown .... Wl 54 Pale 55 59 Ware 60 62 Reans Ticks old Si new 34 36 Harrow 35 38 Pigeon 40 43 Peas Grey 85 30 Maple 37 38 White 38 38 Oats Lincolns Si Yorkshire Feed 21 23 Poland 24 25 Scotch Angus 23 24 Potato 25 28 Irish White 20 23 Black 20 21 Per 2801 b . net . s si Per 2801 b . net . s Town-made Flour ... 42 44 | Norfolk Si Stockton 82 88 Essex and Kent .... 34 35 I Irish 84 85
Free . Bond * Foreign . g <¦ s a Wheat , Dantsic , Konigsburg , & c 52 51 " 36 88 Marks , Mecklenburg 48 51 32 34 Danish , llolstein , and Vrieslandred 43 45 26 28 Russian , Bard 44 46 Soft ... 44 48 26 28 Italian , Red . . 46 48 "White ... 50 5 * 2 28 81 Spanish , Hard . 45 46 Soft .... 48 50 28 38 Rye , Baltic , Dried , ... 28 30 Undried . . 28 30 18 21 Bailey , Grinding . 28 26 Malting . . 28 31 18 24 Beans , Ticks . . 34 35 Egyptian . 84 35 2 G 30 Peas , White . . 36 38 Maple . . 36 37 28 8 * Oats , Dutch , Brew and Thick 24 26 19 21 ¦ — Russian feed , 21 22 15 U Danish , Friesland feed 21 23 15 17 Flour , perbarrel 24 25 19 20
Losdon Smithfieh ) _Catile Mabket , Mondat , May 19 . —During thepast week tlieimports of foreign stock for our market nave consisted of 87 oxen and cows , together with 151 sheep , all from Rotterdam , by the Ocean , Batavier , anil Columbine steamers . At the outports , about 100 oxen and cows have been received . As to the quality ofthe beasts , we may observe that it has proved tolerably good , but that of the sheep has been miserably _dificient . To-day , we had on offer-10 foreign beasts , and 20 sheep , the whole of which were disposed of at fair quotations . Thc lato advance in the value of mutton here , as well as in most other parts of England , has , at length , had some influence upon that of beef , sincj , although the bullock supplies on offer tliis morning were
moderately extensive as to number ( yet it must be observed the condition ofthe animalswas by no means first-rate ) , the beef trade was active , atan advance in the quotations obtained on Monday last of from 2 d to id per 8 lb—the primest Scots and home breds readily producing 4 s Cd per S lb—and at which a clearance was speedily effected . From _Noi'folk , Suffolk , Essex , and Cambridgeshire , we received 1500 Scots , homebreds , and shorthorns , while the droves from the northern grazing districts comprised 250 shorthorns , & c . ; from tbe western and midland counties , 200 Ilerefords , "Devons , runts , Ac . ; from oilier parts ot England , 200 of various breeds ; and from Scotland ,
33 horned and polled Scots . Although the numbers of sheep werc on thc increase , tin * primest old downs moved off steadily at from 4 s lOd to on per 8 lb , but all other breeds were a slow inquiry , and previous rates were not supported in every instance . From the Isle of \ Vight 240 lambs came fresh to hand ; while the receipts from other quarters wero tolerably good , Prinio qualities sold freely at extreme rates ; but great difficulty was experienced in effecting sales of other kinds . In catoes a fair amour * _t of business was doing , at Friday ' s improved currci . _'ies . The pork trade was rather mil ! , yet prev ' _oitf _" . rates were supported .
By the quantities of 81 b ., sinking the offal . v . d . s , d Inferior coarse beasts ... 3 0 3 4 Second quality .... 3 6 8 10 Prime large oxen .... 4 0 4 2 Prime Scots , « fcc 4 4 * 6 Coarse inferior sheep ... 3640 Second ouanty .... 2 4 4 Prime coarse woollcd ... 4 6 4 8 Prime Southdown ... 4050 Lambs 4 10 6 0 Large coarse calves ... . 4 0 4 6 Prime smaU .... . 4850 Suckling calves , each . . . 18 0 3 D 0 Large hogs 3 0 3 f Neat small porkers , . . 3 8 4 0 Quarter-old store pigs , each . , 16 0 20 0
HEAD OF CATTLE ON SALE . ( From the Books ofthe Clerk ofthe Market . ) Beasts , 2 , 406-Sheep and Lambs , 20 , 550—Calves , 89—Pigs , 332 . _Richmond Cons Market , _Sah-miay , Mat 17 , — Wc only had a thin supply of Grain inour market to-day . Wheat sold from os . Gd . to 0 s . Cd . ; oats 2 s . 5 d . to 3 s . ; barley 3 s . Od . to 3 s . 9 d . , * beans 4 s . to 4 s . 6 d . per biiBliel . Liverpool Corn ** Market , Monday , May 19 . — The import list shows a moderate arrival of Irish oats , but of other articles of the trade , either from our own coast or from Ireland , the supplies are very limited . From abroad we have had a few more cargoes of wheat and barley from the Baltic . The duty on Peas has declined Is . per quarter ,. which is the only alteration in the scale on foreign produce this week . The weather for some days past has been cold and ungenial , which , coupled with unfavourable
reports of the wheat crop received from some of the agricultural counties , have together imparted more confidence to our trade . A fair amount of business has been done in wheat during the week ; two or three parcels of Irish have changed hands with a view to hold over , and ouv millers and dealers also have bought to a iair extent , paying an advance of Id . to 2 d . per bushel ; the best Irish red has been sold at 6 s . 8 d . to Cs , 9 d ., and good samples of Limerick at 6 s . 3 d . to 6 s . 5 d . per 761 bs . Old Foreign has been held for full rates , and none of thc recently imported Baltic has been pressed on the market . Sack flour has been in request , and an advance obtained of 0 A to ls . per sack on the late low rates . Choice oats and meal are scarce , and the extremities of last Tuesday have been maintained . Barley , beans , and peas are without alteration in value ' from the previous week .
Liverpool Cattle Maiiket , Mo . npay , May 19 . — We have had a small supply of stock at market today , with a numerous attendance of customers . Beef , 6 d . to 61 ( 1 . ; mutton , 7 d . to 7 Jd . ; lamb , 7 Jd . to 8 d . per lb . Cattle imported into . Liverpool , from the 12 th to the 10 th of April : —Cows . 815 ; calves , 2 ; sheep , 4340 ; lambs , 1487 ; pigs , 8029 ; horses , 88 . Manchester Cons Market , Saturdai _- , ' May Vf , Notwithstanding the interruption to business ususdly caused by the Whitsuntide holidays , rather a better demand for flour has been experienced during the week , doubtless owing , in a great measure , 'to the continuance of ungenial weather , together with the warehoused stocks navirig become somewhat reduced
and sales to a fair extent have been effected at fully the rates previously obtainable . Only a moderate inquiry existed for oats and oatmeal _^' in tKe ' value of whicli no change was apparent . At our market this morning a healthier feeling was perceptible jn the wheat trade than for some time past , and holders firmly demanded an advance of lo . to 2 d . per 701 _bs _Fiour moved off steadily , and fully supported its late value , but no improvement could be realised . "With a fair consumptive demand for both oats and oatmeal the previous currency was _roaintaijnciL . "Eeaiis were in moderate request , and ' no changc'ih' prices can be noted .
York Corn Market , Mat 17 . —The supply of all sorts of grain is smaller than last week . The millers are buyers of fresh threshed wheat at full _priccg , other sorts dull sale . . Oats and barley the same price as last week ; beans no demand . Lbids Corn Market , Tuesday , Mat 20 . — -Wc have fair arrivals this week , but the show of fresh wheat for this day ' s market id rather limited than otherwise . There is no material change in the value of wheat , and the demand for fine fresh qualities is good at last week ' s prices ; but in chambered descriptions we have _rcry little doing . Barley is slow sale to-day , and low prices ave taken , there being part foreign on the market . Oats and beans very brm at last week ' s rates . ' " . _* . ""
Malton Corn Market , Mat 17 _.---We have a moderate 8 uoply of all _kinds of grain offering . to . _tl-ia day ' s marlcet . Wheat and barley same _aslast week ; oats a shade _lowor . —Wheat , red , 44 s . to . 48 s . ; white ditto , 48 s . to 52 s . per qr . of 40 St . ; barley * : 27 s . to 30 s . per 32 st . ; oats , lid . to Hid . per stone . " ¦ "'
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 24, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_24051845/page/7/
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