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T0 THE WORKING CLASSES. _ t i.ave onlv time this I have only time tius
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_ t i.ave onlv time this r„,rvn,-I have ...
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THE STATE OF GERMANY. Letter I. TO TOE E...
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jteicpi foxtmmm*
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ITALY. TnE Late IssunnEcnox.—We read in ...
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INDIA AND CHINA. Arrival op the Overland...
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^,v '.^_Av*«««»^.A'**»*aw.* ; ^>*'^'*»*w...
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AM) NATIONAL lEADES' JOURNAL. ^_!_______...
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VOL. VIII. NO. 415. LOMDON, • SATURDAY,'...
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C&artis-t fottdligeace
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LONDON..City Locality.—Mr;. Cooper's ele...
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THE ANDOVEIl UNION. Resignation or *jni_ Assistant Co.mmissio. ve_i, — Mr.
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1 ai Kcr nas resigned Jus olhce of assis...
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Confusion- " or Cause axd Effect.—An iti...
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^rt& romnsf; 0ttinofi.
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CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND SOCIET1. Meet...
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# LoxnoN.—Chartist llall,, 1 ,. Tumagain...
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I % 1 V
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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T0 The Working Classes. _ T I.Ave Onlv Time This I Have Only Time Tius
T 0 WORKING CLASSES . _ t _i _. ave onlv time this I have only time tius
_ T I.Ave Onlv Time This R„,Rvn,-I Have ...
r „ , rvn _,- week 3 , l l ) EA r _latThavo arrived in London safe to ttU *? _, nd that next week I shall give you the _arf _&**• ? of _jdtei _^ setting forth the results of £ r ? t of ra seix a _^ _^ _^^ couutri ( s t _* aTOUgh what ! liaVC _Relied . From all that , I have seen . _^ tcli I ! iaTC L re been confirmed in my old opinions , _aai hMW .. ' : ncs and permanent peace can only that trlic "' - tllc p eop le of every country possessing be a ** _'* _^ - - h cou ntry in FEE , that is , subject only tin 8 " _^ _jj _^ _atfoji as its possessors , throus h to _i _* jc ! l m " ' * l tir £ s , shall consider necessary for the __ l _ .. i _. rj ' . _jrc'" _ . ' _ . _ _p ™ .. * _*¦ ____»_ , _ . __» ,. _ . ! Ui oi imueji / iujuicuai
__„ - ' * - , ] . _., pjorm uo »< - _ , . c _^ _suj'l' *' _* 1 , * al i who lie under its laws . In Prussia pTo tct « _^ J . __ t jj e possession of theland in small —J- ' - * " * e i . fa * leading to a demand for a constitua 51 o « BCats _^^ y ie monopoly ef the land by the tion . ln _jui Jed to an edict for its subdivision ; •** .- i-inil the next crv , ana IT IS SOW ON m ** - _"SeZE . will be a loud howl for tbe LAND . _^ \ \ hi ready at any moment to obey the call Js " . ' re-lu . Iders , as one of the delegates , to ,, f we SJ . _IVC- " « _an » e _«»* ft , ture ° r _* eKltl 0 U _3-s I remain as ever , "Jour faithful friend and servant , _Feakgus _O'Coxxor
The State Of Germany. Letter I. To Toe E...
THE STATE OF GERMANY . Letter I . TO TOE EDIT 03 OF THE MOETHEKH STA _3 . Peat . Sin . — - compliance witli your wish , I _conicuee bv this letter a scries of articles on the pref 1 state of my native country . Iu order to make ' _jvoaiuiius onthe subject plainly understood , and _™ Justify the same as being well founded , I shall liavc to trace with a few words the history of Gertaanv irom the event which shook modern society to its very foundation—I _nicau to say , from the . French _Involution . ..,,,. , , _ ., the
OU Gennanv was at tliat time known by name ei Tiie Holu lloman Empire , and consisted of God * c , ff _^ how _' manv little states , kingdoms , electorates , _dnfccdoius , arch and grand dakedom =, principalities , coun ties , baronies , and free Imperial cities—every oae independent of the other , and only subjected to tlic power ( if there was any , whieh however , ior hundreds of years _, had not been the case ) of the _fcm-« er . > r and Diet . The independence of these Uttie _states went so far , that in every war with " the archen emy" ( France , of couree ) , there was a part of them allied to the French king , and in open war wilh their o _-. vn Emperor . The Diet , consisting of the
deputations from all these little stales , under the presidency of the Imperial one , being intended to check the pewer ofthe Emperor , was always assembled without ever coining to anv , even the most insignificant , results . They killed their time with , the most lUtile _cuestlons of _eevemenv , whether the embassy of Baron _iUnd-so ( consistiug , " perhaps , of the tutor of his son audan oldliveiy-servant , or worn-out game-keeper ) _ou-rlit to have precedency before the embassy ol Baron so-and-so—or whether the deputy from ono _Imperial city ought to salute the deputy of another without waiting for his salute , & c . Then there were bo _uianv hundreds of thousands of little privileges , _iiMrfiv burthensome to the privileged themselves ,
imc which were considered as points of honour , and , _tLercfure . _quarrelled about with the utmost _obstiaacr . This and similar important things took up so jmich of thc time of the wise Diet , that this honourable assembly had not a minute to spare for discuss-Iir the weal " of the empire . In consequence of tliis , the greatest possible disorder and contusion was the order of thc day . The empire , divided within itself in time of war " as well as peace—passed through a series of internal wars from the , time of the Reformation down to 1739 , in every one o which france was allied to the party opposed to tlic weak aad easily vanquished party of thc Emperor , and took , of course , its lion ' s share in the plunder—first , _llnniuii _. iv ; then the three bishoprics , Mctz , Tuul ,
and Verdun * , then the rest of Lorraine * , then parts of FJ . -u . dcra and Alsace—were in this manner separated from the lloly Roman Empire and united to France . Thus Switzerland -was allowed to become independent from the empire ; thus Belgium was made over to the Spaniards by legacy of Charles V . ; sua all these countries fared better after their separation from Germany . To this progressive external ruin of the empire , was joined the greatest possible Internal confusion . Every little prince was a bloodsucking , arbitrary d-. spot to his subjects . The emp ire never cared about the internal concerns of any states except by forming a court of law ( Imperial Court Chamber at WetzJar ) for attending to suits of subjects against their superiors , but that precious _ciurt attended so well to these actions , that not one
of them has ever been heard of as having been settled . It is almost incredible what cruelties and arbitrary acts were committed by the haughty princes towards their subjects . These priuces , living for pleasure w _ 4 _tkb-ttichery only , allowed every despotic power to their ministers and government officers , who were tlmspenciucd , without any risk of punishment , to trample into the dust the unfa : tunatc people , ou this condition only , that they filled their master ' s treasury and procured him an Inexhaustible supply of female beauty for his harem . The nobility , too , _spt-li as were not independent but under the dominion of some king , _bishop , or prince , used to treat the people with greater contempt than they bestowed _a _ _. on do _£ s , and squeezed as luuch . money as "tliey _posslblvciiuldoutofthelabourofiheirserls—forservitude
was quite a common thing , then , in Germany _^ ivor was there any sign of liberty in those emphatically , hi called , free In * pcrial cities ; for here a burgomaster aad self-elected senate , offices wliicli , in the course of centuries , had become as hereditary as the _ipn-trhl crown , ruled with greater tyranny still . _Sotliing can equal thc infamous cenduct of these petty bourgeois aristocrats of thc towns , and , indeed , it would not be believed that such was the state of Germany fifty years ago , if it was not in the memory shll of many who remember that time , and if it was not confirmed by a hundred authorities . And thc l _-toplci "What did tlieu say to this state of things ? "hat did they do ? " Why , the middle classes , the _latney-loving bourgeois , found , in this continued _wmfiisioi :, a source of wealth ; they knew that they tonld catch the most fish iu thc " troubled waters ; they suffered themselves to be oppressed and insulted
because they couid take a revenge upon their enemies worthy of themselves ; tliev avenged tlieir _zvrmigs In dcatiug _tttcfr _ojtpnssors . United to the people , thev might hare overthrown the old dominions and rcftunded the empire , just as the English middle classes had partly done from 1 C 10 to 1638 , aud as the French bourgeois were then about to do . But , no , the German middle classes liad not that energy , never pretended to that courajje ; they . knew Germany to be _nothing bnt a dunghill , but they were < _-i > _iu , ortable in the dung because they were dui _^; tlienisulvcs , and were kept warm by the dung about , * " _, _^ _^ working people were not worse off taan they are now , except thc peasantry , who were mostly sen ' s , and could do nothing without the assistance ol the towns , hired armies being alwavs quartered on them , who threatened to stifle hi blood every aitcmnt at revolt .
bam was the state of Germany towards the end of tlic last century . It was all over one living mass of putrefaction and repulsive decay . _Nobody felt himself at case . The trade , commerce , industry , and agriculture of the country were reduced to aln . orfc 110-thing ; peasantry , tradesmen , and manufacturers wi the double pressure of a blood-sucking government and bad trade ; the nobility and princes found iliat their incomes , in spite of ihe squeezing of their _inferioi-s , could not be made to keep pace with their -Heroisms expenditure ; everything wns wrong , and a _general uneasiness prevailed throughout the conntr y . No education , no means of operating upon the minds of the masses , no free press , no public spirit , n « t oven an extended commerce with other
countries—nothing but meanness andsolfisaness—amean , sneaking , miserable sliopkeepiag spirit pervading the _™ hole people . Everything worn out , crumbling _do _** i _., going fast to ruin , aud sot even the slightest _^' - pc of a beneficial change , not even so much strength iu lhe nation as might have sufficed for carrying away tne putrid corpses of dead institutions . ihe onl y hope for the better was seen in the country s literature . This shameful political and social age was at the same time the great a «« of German literature . About 1750 all the master-spirits of _STST _?* boi V he Pw-ts _Goeiue and _ScmixcB , the philosop uers ILlm and Fichie _, and , hardly _SSSTn tCT ' _^ ° la St vat German _nSal physician IIegel . Every remarkable work of this w S _^ ? _W dciiance . _Md rebellion against the whole of German society as it then existed . Goethe wrote Goet ; von lltrlichiaen . * .
dra-, matic _iomage to the memory of a rebel . _Scuiixeb , the Robbers , celebrating a generous young man who declares opes war against all _soeietv . But thee were their juvenile _prodnctions ; when th » v crew older they lest all hope ; Goethe restrained himself to satire of the keenest order , and _Scmixi-n would lave despaired if it Lad not been for thc relive Which science , and particularly the great history of ancient Greece and Rome , afforded to him . These too , may bc taken as examples of the rest . Even the best and strongest minds of the nation gave no all hope as to the future of their country . All at once , like a thunderbolt , the fFrench revolution struck into this chaos , called Germany . The effect was tremendous . The people , too little instructed , too ranch absorbed in the ancient habit of beimr tvrannized over , remained unmoved . But nil
thc _raldthc classes , and thc better part of the nobility , gave one shout of joyful assent to the national _asfemblr and the people of France . _Not one p f all the hundreds of thousands of existing German poets failed to sine , the glory of the French people . But tius enthusiasm was of the German sort , it was merely _mciaphysical . _^ it was only meant to apply to the theories of the French revolutionists . As soon as theories were _shufiled iuto thc back "round by the weig ht and bnlk of facte ; as so _ > _n g _£ the French court ofthe French people could . _lyijaaeticc no longer
The State Of Germany. Letter I. To Toe E...
agree , notwithstanding their theoreticalunion , by thc theoretical constitution of 1791 ; as soon as the people asserted their sovereignty practically Uy the * ' 10 th of August : " and when , moreover , theory was entirely made _silen-irou the 31 st of May , 1793 , by thc putting down of the Girondists—then this enthusiasm of Germany was converted into a fanatic hatred against the revolution . Of course this enthusiasm was meant to apply to such actions only as thc night of the ith ot " August , 1790 , when thc nobility resigned their privileges , but thc good Germans never thought of such actions having
consequences in practice widely differing from those inferences whicli benevolent theorists might draw . The Germans never meant to approve of these consequences , whicli were rather serious and unpleasant to many parties , as we all know well . So the whole mass , who in the beginning had been enthusiastic friends to the revolution , now became its greatest opponents , and getting , of course , the most distorted ! news from Paris by the servile German press , preferred their old quiet holy Pamiau dunghill to the tr _mandoujactmtyofapeoplewkotlirewoffvigorously the chains of slavery , and flung defiance to the faces of all despots , aristocrats , and priests .
But the days of the Holy Roman Empire were numbered . The French revolutionary armies walked straight into thc very heart of Germany , made thc Rhine the frontier of France , and preached liberty and _equalitv everywhere . They drove away by shoals noblemen , ' bishops , ami abbots , and all those were little princes tbat for so long a time had played in history thc part of dolls . They effected a cleaving , a 3 if they were settlers advancing in the back-woods of the American Far West ; the ante-diluvian forest of " _Ghristian-Germanic" society disappeared _beioue their victorious course , like clouds before the vising sun . And when the energetic Napoleon took the revolutionary work into his own hand , when he identified the revolution with himself ; that same revolution whicli after thc ninth Therniidor 1794 , bad been
stifled by the money-loving middle-eli \ 3 ses , when he , the democracy with " a _simple head , " as a French author termed him , pwed his armies again and a <* ain over Germany , "Christian-Germanic" society was finally destroyed . _jSapolcon was not that arbitrary despot to Germany which he is said to have been by his enemies ; Napoleon was in Germany tlie representative of the revolution , the propogator of its principles , the destroyer of old feudal society . Oi course he proceeded despotically , but not even hall as despotically as the deputies from the Convention would have done , and really did , wherever they came ; not half so much so as thc priuces and nobles used to do whom he sent a begging . Napoleon applied the reign of terror , which had done its work in France , to other countries , intheshape ofwar—nnd this " reign
of terror" was sadly wanted in Germany . Napoleon dissolved the Holy Roman Empire , and reduced thc number of little states in Germany by forming large ones . He brought his code of laws with himself info the conquered countries , a code infinitely superior to all existing ones , and recognising equality in principle _, lie forced the Germans , who had lived hitherto for private interests only , to work at thc carrying out of a great idea of some overwhelming pubic interests . But tbat was just what aroused the Germans against hint , lie offended tho peasantry by the very same measures that relieved them from the oppression of feudalism , because he struck at the roots of their prejudices and ancient habits . Ileoflcmled the middle classes by the very means that laid thc foundation of German manufacturing industry : the prohibition of all English goods and the war with England was the cause of their beginning to manufacture for themselves , but , at the same time , it made codec
and sugar , tobacco and snuff , very dear ; and this , of course , was _i-ufficient to arouse the indignation of the German patriotic shopkeepers . Besides , they were not the people to understand any of the groat plans of Napoleon . They cursed him because lie led their children away into wars , got up by the money ofthe English aristocracy and middle classes ; and Lailcd as friends those same classes of Englishmen who were the real causa of the ware , who profited b y those wars , and who duped their German instruments not only during , but also after the war . They cursed him , because they desired _toremain confined to their old , miserable sort of life , where they had nothing but their own little interest to attend to , because they desired to havo nothing to do with great ideas and public interest . And atlast , when Napoleon ' s army had been destroyed in Russia , they t * : ok that opportunity of shaking off thc iron yoke of the great conqueror .
The " glorious liberation war" of 1 S 1-3-U and 15 , the " most glorious period of German history , " die ., as it has been called , was a piece of insanity such as will drive the blood into the cheeks of every honest and intelligent German for some time io come . True , there was great enthusiasm then , but who were these enthusiasts ? Firstly , the peasantry , the most stupid set of people in existence , who , clinging to feudal prejudices , burst forth in masses , ready to die rather than cease to obey those whom tbey , their fathers and grandfathers , had called tlieir masters ; and submitted to be trampled on and horse-whipped by . Then the students and young men generally , who considered this war as a war of principle , nay , as a war of religion ; because not only they believed themselves called upon to light for the principle of
_legitimacy , called their nationality , but also tor the Holy Trinity and existence of God ; in all poems , pamphlets , and addresses of that time , the French arc held up as the representatives of atheism , infidelity , and wickedness , and the Germans as those of religion , piety , yd righteousness . Thirdly , some more enlig htened men , who mixed np with these ideas some notions about "liberty , " " constitutions , " and a " freepress ; " but those were by far the minority . And fourthly , the sons of tradesmen , merchants , speculators , & c , who fought for the right of buying in the cheapest market , and of drinking coffee without the admixture of chicory ; of course , disguising their aims under the expressions of the enthusiasm of the day , "liberty , " " great German people , " " national independence , " and so forth . These were
tlic men , who , with the _assistance of the Russians , English , and Spaniards , beat Napoleon . In my next letter I shall proceed to the history of Germany since the fall of Napoleon . Let me only add , in qualification of the opinion above given of this extraordinary man , that the longer he reigned , the more he deserved his ultimate fate . His ascending the throne I will not reproach him with ; thc power of the middle classes in France , who never cared about public interests , provided their private ones went on favourably , and the apathy of tlie people , who saw no ultimate benefit themselves from the revolution , and were only to bc roused to the enthusiasm of war , permitted no other course ; but that
he associated with the old anti-revolutionary dynasties by marrying tlie Austrian Emperor ' s daug hter , that he , instead of destroying every vestige of Old Europe , rather sought to _compromise with itthat he aimed at the honour of being the first among the European monarchs , and therefore assimilated his court as much as possible to _thcii' 3- —tliat was his great fault . He descended to the level of otlier monarchs—he sought the honour of being their equal —bc bowed to the principle of legitimacy—and it was a matter of course , then , that the legitimists lucked the usurper out of their company . I am , sir , yours respectfully , Yonn _Gekmax _ConREsroxDExr . October ] 3 tl _/ lSA 5 .
Jteicpi Foxtmmm*
_jteicpi _foxtmmm *
Italy. Tne Late Issunnecnox.—We Read In ...
ITALY . TnE Late _IssunnEcnox . —We read in thc _Constf tutionel— " Thc post-office peket _Eurotas , on her way from Malta , Naples , Civita Vccehia _, and Leghorn to Marseilles , has been driven into Toulon by stress of _wi-athci _* . Among her passengers were about a hundred Roman refugees , who , after laying down their arms , succeeded in gaining the Grand Duchy of Tuscany . They are those who embarked at Leghorn with the assent of thc Grand Duke , who was unwilling to give them up to the Papal authority . The Eurotas went on to Marseilles , and on reaching that port the unfortunate refugees hope-- ! they had found an asylum , * but they wero iuiiuediatelv put into prison , and , according to a
Marscilleslettcr of thc 1 Mb , have not been allowed to have any communications beyond it . Such a measure cannot be easily comprehended ; but it appears that in these days of disavowals the prefect has felt that it would be ' most prudent for him to ask for instructions from Paris , aud accordingly to set the telegraph at work . It is said at _Maiseillcs that the insurgents who embarked at Rimini have been cast by a storm on tbe Adriatic coast , and thus fallen into the bands of the Pontifical authorities . It is to bc hoped this report will not be confirmed . " _^ J _^ , 5 1 ° _} Marseilles states tliat . tke imprisonment ot the refugees is a temporary measure , and that they wiU be speedily sent into the interior _, _baumer , _Chateaui-oiix , aTUl Ldchcs are stated tobe _SfJ ? l \ H ° ? their _whence . This journal _, te csthat most ofthe refugees are young men ofthe
_ti . __ n _,-t r . sp AIN . lhe _agitations-mist the new " _svstem of taxation goes on increasing , and bids fair to bring about a speedy and universal explosion . Letters from Bilbao of he loth ot October state that a disturbance _oetuvrc'l in that city on the previous dav , which , at one tiiuo threatened to be _YCrv 5 er l „ , n the 12 th
Italy. Tne Late Issunnecnox.—We Read In ...
the Custom-house officers of Bilbao , in taking their rounds in the neighbourhood of the town * , succeeded in seizing some smugglers from the mountains in- the neighbourhood of Santander . On tlieir-arrival at Bilbao , the wife of one of the _smuifglewij . who was also : _v prisoner , set up a loud howling , and . called on the people to rescue them . The people immediately look part with the prisoners . " and as tho- Customhouse officers had not on their oilicial costume , they pretended not to believe that thev were really
persons in authority . A tumult ensued , in the midst ol which the niiile _^ _smugglors ran off in one . dii * ction , and the females in the other , the Custom-house men following them as they best could . _Upotii this- the mob seized hold of the officers , thrashed . them unmercifully , _^ and tore their _clotlics to shreds . Ail this happened in tile public market-place . The troops were immediately called out , and the political chief of the place and magistrates repaired to . the spot , but it was a long time before tranquillity , was restored . Fortunately no lives were lost .
State op _Baucelona .- —The _couikg- Siorm . — Barcelona , Oct . 14 . —The Government has ordered another contingent conscription to be levud in Catalonia . It appears that the quota corresponding to the year 1813 has not been filled up , and the Government now demand its completion . It would be difficult to describe the seusation produced here by this order . The deepest state of excitement has existed for several months past , as I detailed- to yotlitl ' mv communications , and it now assumes a . deeper and more dangerous character , _Iieeause it- _begins to be universally believed that the Narvacff Administration is resolved to measure its strength with Catalonia , and force on them all those measures wliich liavc been so long obnoxious to the province . In this
impression the Cntalonians begin to be confirmed by the tone assumed by the Madrid press i ' h its continued demands for the repeal of the restrictive system and thc lowering of ttie " _aranccles , '* or tariff duties , wliich , if carried out , would , without doubt , considerably affect their manufactures . The difficulties of Government in Catalonia were considered by people extremely well informed on the state ofthe province as very considerable . The new contributory system is being opposed at every step , aud all the dispositions of the local authorities to carry it out have been successively evaded , and collectors cannot bc procured , even at a considerable remuneration , because the passive resistance plan has been brought to act in all the details of the measure .
The conviction beginning to be felt that the Government had seriously taken into consideration the question of tariff duties and prohibitions ou cotton goods , with a view to the repeal of the one and a modification of the other , awakened fresh discontent , In which the _manufacturers participated , and which they are now preparing to foment with all the influence they naturally possess .. Add to this now the decree to raise another " quinto , " while the fierce straggle of last July is still fresh in the memory of the people , and this proud , turbulent race , still brooding over what they cherished as an ancient privilege wrested from them on that occasion by violence and force of arms . The coercive measures of the military authorities have in no way ceased , and persons of great respectability are continually being arrested , not only in this city , but in the principal towns of the district , and thrown into noisome dungeons in the Citadel , where they are left for months without even
a charge being made against tlicm , or any motive _assigned for their at rest . All these causes combined , I am led to believe , fiom an authority whose viewsof passing events I have ever found to be most correct , must lead to a serious crisis in Catalonia , which will require all the energy and firmness of the President of the Council to combat , and the result of which may be very doubtful . All this while the enemies of thc Administration and of thc party in power arc not idle . They contribute by every means to keep alivt the discontent , and are preparing to avail themselves at a fitting opportunity of the state of public feeling for the furtherance of their own political principles and the overthrow of thc present ' order of things . Some of _f-ie military . posts by which the city continues to bc occupied were doubled this evening , for the night , a 3 if some disturbances were apprehended . Up to post-hour , half-past twelve o ' clock , all is , however , tranquil .
Resistance to the New Taxes i . v Catalonia . — _Seihoi's Cox _p ucr xkar Gikcna . —Lonbox , _Tjiuksiiay , Oct . 23 . —Private letters from Barcelona of the 15 th inst . announce that a serious conflict had taken place near Girona between the populace and the Civic Guard , on the occasion ofthe latter having attempted to protect the levying of taxes under the new system . Many lives are said to have been lost on both sides .
PORTUGAL . Taxaticx A _ r __ > I ) is . v £ - _ - _ : _cnoN—Xtissorr , Oct . 12—In the country the pressure ol ' the taxes is producing a general spirit ot * disaffection , which , unfortunately , seems to he taking a turn ofa very marked feeling of regret for the fall of the usurping government ; and the comparisons that arc constantly heard oi' the lightness ot' tho taxes under the latter , and tho grievous pressure of them under the restored monarchy , bode no good to the existing order of things . In tho neighbourhood of Ciiklas , in the Cancelho ot Obido * , a farmer was
summoned hefore thc authorities , and menaced with the seizure of his crops , if he did uot pay a large demand for imposts called foros , claimed gince the year 1833 , which the people believed hud been abolished . The man told the authorities they might seize his property , hut he , would not live to witness the ruia ofhis family—119 went home and hanged himself at his barn door . But in Lisbon , though the distress is very great and the augmentation of taxes since thc restoration has amounted to nearly treble what it was previously , their ni .-ijestics are kept iu profound ignorance of the actual atate of tliiiiL's .
Tlie palace of the NeeessiJades has undergone of late very extensive alterations , and is now fitting up with new and more costly furniture than any former sovereign of _Tortugal could boast of . Yet the Brazils and its wealth , the possessions in India and Africa , are no _longer available and the treasury is exhausted , anil the people are impoverished b _^ - a rapacious government .
HOLLAND . _Opknixg of tub States-General . —The IIa g ue _, Oct . 20 . —This day atone o ' clock his Majesty the King left the palace , accompanied by their lloyal Highnesses the Princes and a brilliant staff . ' A salute of artillery announced his Majesty ' s departure , lie was received with every mark of respect and affection by the multitude collected on the way . On arriving at the palace of the States-General , the king was received by a deputation of the members of the two chambers and introduced into the assembly . The roval speech presents no point of general interest
save the following paragraph in relation to the failure of the potatoe crop : — To prevent the misfortune arising from the deficient crop of one ol * the most important articles of food , measures have already been taken , and in concert with yon they will soon be extended . By the aid of these measures , iu conjunction with the charitable spirits which characterise the nation , and which has never tailed , and by the progressive creation of works for the employment of thc indigent classes , we may hope to obtain an alleviation of the fatal consequences of this calamity . Thc reports which have reached my Government on tlie crops of some other _agricutlural _productionsjilStif _* )' this hope .
GERMANY AND SWITZERLAND . FliKSECUTIOX AXD EXPULSION OF COMMUXISTS . ( From our own Correspondent . J GEnxtiXv . —On the 11 th instant , the authorities of thc Grand Dukedom of Hesse , seized at Darmstadt , at the publisher ' s premises , the first number of a Communist Magazine , the f lhenish Annals , edited by Puttmann . There were , however , only tifty-fivc copies found , the remainder of the edition having bceu previously sold . The publisher , Mr . Leskc , was at the same time informed that the Magazine was placed under the control or the police , he having to produce every number before it was issued , to the police , and to procure a license for issuing ] tho same , under a penalty , in case of nou-eonipliance , of 500
ilorius ( forty-five pounds sterling ) , or , according to the merits of the case , imprisonment * . This blow aimed at the communists , and at the same time at that little bit of a free press wo have in Germany , Will , however , prove useless . There arc hundreds ol means to elude this unconstitutional interference , which , no doubt , has been proceeded to at the instigation of the hated Prussian Government . This same Prussian Government has procured irom the Saxon authorities the expulsion of several public authors from Lei psic , among whom is Mr . W . Marr , one of the heads of that Young German Conspiracy in Switzerland mentioned in my last . Jn his case , ns well as that of Weitling last year , the authorities were afraid of imprisoning and bringing to judgment
the party , although they had every legal pretence ; they were satisfied with driving them away . Switzerland . —The Democratic Government of the Pays de Vaud has expelled from thc canton Mr . A . Becker , a talented German Communist writer , as well as Mr . S . Schmidt and Dr . Kublmann , belonging to the same party , and dissolved tho German Communist Club at Lausanne . Tho Radical Government of Zurich lias likewise expelled Dr . Puttmann , editor of the above-named Rhenish Annals , and belonging , too , to the Communist party . [ A German friend informs us that the above announcement , as regards the expulsion of Mr . S . Schmidt , is premature . That , as yet , Mr . Schmidt lias not been expelled from the Pays de Yjuid . — £ d . a ; S . l
Italy. Tne Late Issunnecnox.—We Read In ...
The Futihie tut _GuniiASv . —A writer in tlie ., ! ... ! dela Religion , in the course of an article written against Ronge and his friends , . and written principally for the purpose of showing that a still more " dangerous" party exists in Germany , whose object is the entire subversion of the cxfsting . order of tilings , in the course ofhis remarks says : —It is no longer from them that danger comes , and it is not against them that the main effort of resistance lias _bcen directed . In these - German- heads , so predisposed to an excess of systemssocial radicalism
, sprang with a bound to the very last consoouonces . Accordingly the day when the King of Prussia will giv » to his kingdom that constitution eo . long proi » isoil and so long deferred will satisfy the Liberal party , but will achieve nothing to content that other party which growls and .-works secretly in the-very depth-of the vitals of Germany . A _Constitution-i _^ _-tliass- men will none of it , aj they will hav & noUiing to do with religion . I have seen cited lately-some _nagesfrom one of thc writers of this school , and I tlierein . read the following words of a ferocious-eloquence .
" Of what value to ua would-be your Pietist or Protestant constitution ? It would afford an opportunity to _jiome of 3 _* our middle class men to > make trial of their oratorical powers ; thoy would tlien cry out against corruption i ' or the purpose cf getting themselves corrupted by tho nobility and royalty . Now we desire not any longer a Christian state ; . we have already decided on that to » our awn satisfaction . What we insist on is , a state based on _pluktsspbiea ! principles , on the rights of the people , on liberty and equality , both in presence of _. the law of heaven and of the law of aavth . No more hypocrisy for ns ; no more priests , no more pretenders " ! Call us , if you will , impious , atheist , heretic—no matter still ! You feci it well , that your empire belongs to us , the representatives of reason _and-pliilosophy . Your
violence is but a proof ot om . power . As long as we were not dangerous , you allowed us to preach en in the chairs of universities , thinking we hail no understanding on that subject whereon we spoke . And now we fling far from us your cumbrous old theoretical mantle , for the purpose of entering , arrayed , in elegant and light costume , into the practical ways of life , now that philosophic truth has begun to make its voice heard clearly even from Christian pulpits , and as low down as in the ale-houses ,, ia order to translate itself into political facts . You begin to fear 113—you persecute us , and you martyrise us ; but it is too late . Germany no _' w . bears inher womb a future whereof she
hath yet but formed a vague knowledge . As for you , robbers of the rights of all , this future shall to you ba terrible , nnd it drnweth ni g h with the pace of a giant . You i _' cel- lis keenly ; alas J all your palliatives will not succeed in arresting its progress . The political movement hath metamorphosed itself into a religious movement for the purpose of bursting forth anew with mightier intensity . There shall be no longer any safety , Pereat mundus etfiatjustitia . " We take tlie following from the London papers : — Letters from various parts of Germany speak ofa financial crisis as inevitable , and state tbat several failures to a large amouiit are expected . At Leipsic some failures have already been announced , but the amount is not stated .
Wc learn from Leipsic , Oct . loth , that the ministerial account of the events of the 12 th of August has created great irritation , nnd that a memorial is getting up for presentation to the Second Chamber of the States , praying for an investigation , which the memorialists declare will show the incorrectness oi the official statement . The authorities of Brcslau , in Prussian Silesia , have issued a vigorous order against meetings of any description without tho sanction of tlio police . Hitherto only meetings of a political character have been strictl y ' prohibited . Rosge _TjiRKATExm—Fueybuiio , Oct . 12 . —The Gazette of the upper Rhine says , in a letter from Freyburg , " the authorities of this district havegiven orders , aud directed thc gendarmes to arrest the reformer Rim « e , if he should come into that district , and deliver liim up to justice . "
POLAND . Accounts from St . Petersburg state than an ukase is about to bo published which will do _awa-y with the last remaining boundary between Russia and Poland , and incorporate thc latter entirely in the Russian empire . The custom-houses between Russia ami Poland are to be put down on the 1 st Jan ., 18-10 , so that the produce of the two countries will circulate freely .
TAHITI . _Repouted Siskixo op ax _ExGLisn Steamer ut a French Fma . iTE . —By the Indus , whicli arrived at Liverpool on Saturday last , advices have been received from Valparaiso to the 28 th of Juno . A letter , dated the 2 lst of July , addressed to a mercantile house in this town , contains the following rather startling announcement;— " We have a report-here that her Majesty ' s steamer Salamander has been sunk by a French frigate , the Uranie at Tahiti ; but wc have not been able to truce thc report . " Wc need hardly say , that if this rumour should prove correct , the occurrence which it describes would , indeed , be " an untoward event , " and _might lead to very serious consequences ; but , in the absence of any information as to the source ofthe report or the channel by whicli it had reached Valparaiso , wc cannot consider it entitled to credit , particularly as a letter of the 28 th gives no further information respecting it .
ANOTHER BATTLE IN NEW ZEALAND . The following is an extract of a letter received ut Lloyd's , from their agent at Auckland , under date the _2-llh of May : — " The blockade of the port at the Bay of Islands is still in force . ' Another engagement lias taken place between the natives and the soldiers , in which the latter have been partially successful . About 14 soldiers anil marines were killed , and the large number of 37 wounded . The natives , on the other hand , have about 100 killed , and a _larijc number wounded . " Hostilities have for the present ceased , and the troops are on their way returning to this place ( Auckland ) . "—Times .
THE RIVER PLATE . PROGRESS OV THE INTERVENTION . _LiVBiirooL , Oct . 22 . — . The following important advices have been received from the River PJate : — Buenos Ayhes , Au g . 19 , _1 S _15 . —The advices from Montevideo ave up to the 17 th . Several of Brown ' s vessels are fitting out under the French and English flags , anil the Montevidcan flotilla of boats , « fcc , was ftetting ready , it was supposed , for a cruise up the Uruguay . The French corvette Expcditivc , and the English schooner Dolphin , returned this morning . We do not know what the plans ofthe Admirals may be . Apparently Oribe will not evacuate the Montevidean territory unless compelled by superior force , and the Admirals , although supreme by - water , arc very weak on land . In Buenos Ayres everything remains quiet , but the _Gaceta has become very violent in its leading articles . Yesterday the Sala ( House of Representatives ) met , and all the documents were laid before them regarding the negotiations . These arc very _voluniiumis .
August 18 . —Two hundred English marines have landed at Montevideo , Several English and French vessels have gone up the Uruguay to reconnoitre , and it is now supposed that all amicable negotiations arc at an end . __ Rosas makes a merit of showing the utmost protection to all the English on shore . It will , in all probability , be a long affair with the forces now in the river , but it is supposed they do not wish to push the matter , in the expectation of the arrival of additional vessels . The Sala was occupied yesterday in reading the correspondence between this ' Government and the foreign Ministers , wliich it is
supposed will occupy them tliree days more ; after which the discussion will take place . August 20 . —It is said that the French and English forces intend taking immediate possession of Oolonia , and placing a garrison there ; and this , beiiia ; a central point , will prove a rendezvous i ' or thc ilisail ' ected of Oribe ' s army , The feeling gains ground here to-day that Rosas will resist to the last , so confident is he in his means of resistance . It is said that he intends putting the town under martial law and turning every male out to drill each day , and keeping at least 15 , 000 men under arms in the town .
India And China. Arrival Op The Overland...
INDIA AND CHINA . Arrival op the Overland Mail , _Loxdox , Satuhday _Morxixg , Oct . 25 . —Letters and papers by the first ot the regular bi-monthly mails were received bv express yesterday . The mail brings interesting intelligence from Lahore , where the government of till ( _Juecn-Mot / ier ana her brother , the Wuzcer , is in a precarious state . Peshora Singh continues master at Attock _, on the Indus , and has beaten some _troopssent against lum . He has been joined b y Tej Sin » h the well-known successor of General Avitable _, as < 3 _overnor of Peshawar , who is disgusted with thc treatment which he and his relatives and friends have received irom the government at Lahore . The wily old chief , Ghoolab Smgh , has contrived to getawav _, on leave , trom Lahore , and has retreated to Jamoo , where he w watching the course of events , and
regulating tne woo ot his intrigues ' for his future advancement . The news ' from _Afghanistan is conflicting ; some representing Dhost Maliommed as embarrassed in his finances , arid unwilling to make war , while others contend that the notorious Achbar Khan , his son anil _Wuzeer , was preparing to mcyc to _' . _v . u ' _ils ths . Indus and
India And China. Arrival Op The Overland...
to se Peshawur . In the interior of India _tranquility prevails ; the state of the Nizam ' s dominions and also of Oudc is described as bordering on anarchy from tlic disorder of the finances .. The cholera , _aftev having _r & _vnycil many places ,, was decreasing . The rains in some places overflowing , in others , particularly at Bombay rather scant ; . the quantity fallen in " the last named place- was- little 1 _»( W 6 than fifty-lhree inches . C 111 XA . —The news from China comes dewn to > thc 10 th of July ) Trade was dull at Canton and . in- the other four ports . The Ship .- C . G . of- London was burned in the Chinese seas on ., thc 21 st . Grew saved by the Judith , of Liverpool . _A-man named Ingwood . belonging to ner Majesty ' s steamer Driver ,, had been tried before the Supreme Court of Hong . Kong , for the minder of another sailov , by throwing him overboard from a boat with his hands and feet tied . He was found guilty and hanged , in conniany with a Chinaman , convicted at the same _scssions-of robbery and assault , with intent to murder .
^,V '.^_Av*«««»^.A'**»*Aw.* ; ^>*'^'*»*W...
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Am) National Leades' Journal. ^_!_______...
AM ) NATIONAL _lEADES' JOURNAL . _^_!_____________________ _u ____________!__________ _T ____* ' _^_ _—"^—~** " — ¦ — — —— ¦ — . , — ! __ _T _^ _^ _^^^^^^^^^^^^^ _T ' _^^ "' _*^*^ _'' _™^ ' " ' _b _^—^^^^^^^™ " , m _~< . 1 1 . ' _"•* ¦¦ - ' _» ¦ _¦ ¦¦¦ _' ¦ ¦ mil * * ' wiinfjuf _wiwiiiiiwiNW—1
Vol. Viii. No. 415. Lomdon, • Saturday,'...
VOL . VIII . NO . 415 . LOMDON _, SATURDAY , ' 0 CTQJ 3 EK 25 , 1845 ; _:- , _^ _JS _^ g _^
C&Artis-T Fottdligeace
C & artis-t _fottdligeace
London..City Locality.—Mr;. Cooper's Ele...
LONDON . . City Locality . —Mr ; . Cooper ' s eleventh lecture , last Sunday night , _wasj ' . byifar , thc meat numerously attended of any of the course . Mv . Wheeler ,, our gerieriiVsecretary , una chairman ; and aiW " Swell the full chorus in freedom ' s high name" had been sung , introduced the-lecturer in a brief * but very appropriate manner . Mr . Cooper first * glanced at the feudal system of _Fyance-, and the power acquired by Louis XIV ., under iho masterly , but tyi * annic » l administrators of the Cardinals Richelieu and
Mazarin . The profligacy of Louis XV ., and thc easy nature of-Lewis XVI ., with the evil -ascendancy ol his queen , Marie Antonotte , introduced the appalling theme of tlie revolution . The assemblies of the States General , the- Legislative Assembly , and thc Convention , were severally described—the characters of Mirabeau _, Lafayette , Sieyes , Condorcct , Marat , Danton , Robespierre , and laany other celebrated actors in the terrible drama were sketched , and the reign of _terrou- depicted , very briefly , but in such a mode ns to rivet the most earnest attention . Mr .
Cooper ouly conducted the story to tlie formation of the Directory , and tho Councils of ancients and o ! the five hundred , when Napoleon begins-to start upon die glowing historic-canvas : the firs '; lecture of Air . Cs next course being intended to pourtray Buonaparte more fully . The lecturer ' s concluding observations on the value of liberty and the necessity ot more energetis union fur it among Chartists . drew forth warm assent . _Westm-instkr . —The Chartists of this locality on
Tuesday evening , October 21 st , held a meeting at the Sun and Thirteen Clintons , Castle-street , Leicestersquare , _ _- <> _•• the benefit of that veteran compatriot of John Frost , " -Llewellyn ; " and we are happy to say they had a bumper . The managers had _^ adroitly combined for the occasion , chance of gain , vocal _imisie , dancing , benevolence , and patriotism ; and we think we may safely say , that onr patriot friend Llewellyn will from this source derive the means ol commencing to manufacture hats on his own account , per order , for his brother democrats .
Mktko _tolitas Delegate Council . —A meeting of the above body was held on Sunday , Oct . 10 th , atthe Hall , Turnagain-lane , when the following resolutions were passed unanimously : —! . " That the delegate council meet once a fortnight only , ior thc remainder of tho year , _milcsss _business of importance should _pi-csentitselfin the interim . "—2 . "That this Cuuncilrecommend to tlic metropolitan localities to elect delegates forthwi : ]) , to co-operate with this Council to carry out with energy thc restoration of exiled patriots ! but , should the localities neglect their duty , this Council is resolved , though few in number , to exert themselves for that object .
Lambeth . —Thk ; J . and . —A shareholder ' s meeting to discuss the rules took place on Sunday evening last . Several excellent suggestions for the rcvisal of the rules were passed , and the collection for the delegates' expenses commenced very favourably . Thc discussion stands adjourned until Sunday evening next-., ihe 20 th inst ., when it is hoped thc shareholders will attend and do their own work , so than it may ba well done . Country subscribers , whose names a'cdown in this district , are requested to remit to Mr . Wheeler their delegation money and suggestions for the amendment of the rules .
MANCHESTER . Land Society . —At an adjourned meeting of the shareholders of the Chartist Co-operative Land Association , held in Carpenters' . Hall , on Sunday , the 19 th inst ., the following resolutions were uiinninioiisiy adopted;— " Kesolvcd that , for the better securing the interest and success of this society , the Land , i ' or the first crop , shall be cultivated by experienced cultivators , under the stiperintendcncy of the board of directors , or some person competent _appointed by them , and that the £ 13 lGs . 8 d . allowed to each occupant , shall be placed at the disposal of the board of directors , for the purpose of defraying the sundry expenses of cultivation , 'Hirchascof Land , manure , and all other matters connected therewith ; but that should any of the shareholders ( having a
perfect Knowledge of agriculture ) apply to the board ol directors for thc necessary implements of husbandry , such shareholders shall have the preference over any other parties of being employed . " " Resolved that , in order to establish that confidence so essential to the success and the carrying out this grand undertaking of thc National Co-operative Land Association , this meeting is of opinion that an effort should be made to get this society enrolled , under thc designation ofthe National Co-operative Land and Building Benevolent Association ; and that we do 2 cqilCSt the different branches of the society to give expression of their opinion on the foregoing resolutions . " ( Signed ) , John Murray , agent and sub-treasurer to the Manchester branch of the above association , 109 , _Traver-strcet .
GLASGOW . Tun Laxd Sociktv . —The wechly meeting of the members of the Land society was held on Monday evening , in the new Chapel , Nelson-street , Mr . Colquhoun in tho chair . The ordinary business being disposed of , the chairman called tlte " attention of the mooting to the explanation given by Mr . Wheeler , as to the item in the ballancc sheet , under thc head—Expencc of Local Committees— which explanation he ( the chairman ) considered anything bnt satisfactory , inasmuch as he considered that the full amount of - _& . _12-.. id . per share was to be remitted 10 the general treasurer , clear of all expense . Glasgow had acted upon that understanding up to this period , but if the explanation given by Mr . Wheeler was to be laid down as a rule , he hoped the member . _-, in this locality would set their face against such a mode of conducting their business , whicli , to say the least of it , was a very clumsy mode of doing business .
After several members had expressed tlieir opinion upon the subject , it was agreed , _tllilt Glasgow should act the same as other districts , _whilo all agreed that the full amount o '' each share , £ 2 ] 2 s . 4 d ., ounht to bc forwarded to the general fund . A lengthened conversation took place as to whether members holding more than one share should be allowed to draw for the whole at once , er whether tlicy should bc confined to one share at a time . It . Vas ultimately moved by Mr . Smith , seconded byMr . John Cameron , and unanimously agreed to , that in the event 0 ! Glasgow sending a delegate to the ensuing conference that he be instructed to uso every endeavour to get a clause inserted in the rules , providing that those members holding more than one shave should be allowed , on drawing a prize , to get their whole shares together . It was likewise agreed , unanimously , that tho delegates be instructed to move on support a motion : providing that no member should be allowed to hold more that four acres .
The Andoveil Union. Resignation Or *Jni_ Assistant Co.Mmissio. Ve_I, — Mr.
THE ANDOVEIl UNION . Resignation or * jni _ Assistant Co . mmissio . ve _ i , —
1 Ai Kcr Nas Resigned Jus Olhce Of Assis...
1 ai Kcr nas resigned Jus olhce of assistant poor-law commissioner , and his resi gnation has been accented . — Globe . Andover , Satuhmv _, Oct . 18 . At the bo . irrt of guardians , held last Saturday , it was agreed that seven of lhe guardians should meet to look over the testimonials , & c _, of the 30 applicants for the situation of master and matron of the union _worlthousc . Out of the number of applicants the following five were selected as most fit . Mr . _lVriu-ht , from Shrewsbury : Mr .
Dancer , from Andover ; Mr . Blake , fro .-n Salisbury ; Mr . Blyth , Isle of Wight ; Mr , Vine , from Otterbourne . This morning , at a special meeting of the board of guardians , ' 2 D ueing present , James Blyth was elected . He Is an olJ soldier , from the same regiment as Mr . M'Dougal , and has a family of sis children . Great satisfaction is expressed at the choice . It is feared that the bone-crushing will be resumed , as two or three tons of unbroken on at the union , some recently brought in . There the union nearly two hundred inmates ; twenty-two admitted yesterday— -ten women , eight , men , and four small children .
Confusion- " Or Cause Axd Effect.—An Iti...
_Confusion- " or Cause axd Effect . —An itinerant preacher , when discoursing on the goodness of Pro vidence , said , "But , my brethren , even death itself , which , for our many offences , we have all merited , Providence has wisely _placed at the end of our lives ; for , oh ! what would life be wortli . if death were at the beginning ? " In another part lie _rcmarkctl , " It is another instance of thvj goodness of Providence , that large rivers always flow by grout towns . "
^Rt& Romnsf; 0ttinofi.
_^ rt _& _romnsf ; 0 _ttinofi .
Chartist Co-Operative Land Societ1. Meet...
CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND SOCIET 1 . Meetings for the purpose of enrolling members and transacting other business connected therewith « re * held every week on tho following days and places : — SUNDAY EVKNIiVG . South London Chartist flail , 115 , Blackfrinrs-voad _^ at half-past six o ' clock . —City-Chartist Hall , 1 , Turnagain-lane , at six o ' clock . — Westminster : at thc 1 arthen tum Club Rooms , 72 , St . Martin ' s-lane , _-afr'half--p : _i 9 t seven . —Somers Touni : at Mr : Diiddregc ' s , Brick ' _layers'Arnis _. Tonbridge-strcefc-. New-road ,: at half-past seven—Tower Hamlets : at the Whittington and Cat _,. Church-row , "Bethnal-green , at six o ' clock precisely . —Awiasa ' s Bri gade : at the Rock" Tavern , _Lissongrove , at eight- o clock precisely—Mirulebone : at tho Coach Painters' Arms , Cireus-strect , at half-past seven . MONDAY _J-YSXIVO .
CitiulerwM : at the _Montpeliei'Tjivcru , _"Walworthy at eight o ' clock precisely . . ' _¦'' i _* i ' cwfusi [ c-ti ;> on-Tv » e . * Thiabranch ofthe Chartist Co-operative Land Society meet in the house of-Martiu Jutic , Sun Inn , Side , every Monday evening ; from seven until nine o ' clock ,. for tho purpose of receiving subscriptions and enrolling members . Mr . M'Grath has bceu lecturing here , and has done good service to the cause . TliKSDAY EV _3 X 1 NO . Tower Hamlets : at thc Whittington and Gat , Church Row , Bethnal-green , at eight o elock . — Greenwich : at the George and Dragon , Blackheathhill , at eight o ' clock . WEDNESDAY- _J-VKSING . Maryltbone : at the Painters' Arms , Circus-street _^ at eight precisely .
# Loxnon.—Chartist Llall,, 1 ,. Tumagain...
# _LoxnoN . —Chartist llall ,, 1 ,. Tumagain-lanc ,. _Far- » ritigd ' on-strcct . —The public discussion will lie resumed on Sunday morning , next , Oct . 2 Kth „ at tea o ' clock precisely . —In the evening , at seven precisely , Mr . I . Cooper , the Chattist poet , will deliver the twelfth and last of his first , cuiusc of lectures .. Subject , "Byron and modem literature ; views ol * progress and prospects of the future . " ClMBTIST _Co-OrERATIVJ _.. E . _tNfl _SOCIEIU .. — _WbSXmixster District . —A general meeting of the shareholders will be hold at the _Partlienitim , T 2 ,. St . Martin ' _s-laue , on Sunday evenii _iff next , Oct . 2 Gi . h , t » consider the rules with a . view to an early conference . The attendance ot members is requested at seven _, o ' clock precisely , us the discussion of the rules wilt take precedence of every other business . CAMnKRwmj , and 'Wai . woi . tii . —A meeting will ber held nt the _MoutpeVicr Tavern , Walworth ,, on Monday evening next , Oct . 27 th , at eight o elock precisely .
Hammersmith . —A mooting will be held at the * Dun Cow , Brook-green lane , on Tuesday evening next , at eight o ' clock precisely .. Vktkiian _Patiuo- _'is' _l- _' u . _vn , " and Exiles , Widows ,, and Cuilm _!__ ns' Fund . —The committees of thesetwo funds met again jointly , on Wcduesday week . Thirty-live shillings were disbursed for the relief of sufferer ; ., ond twenty-two shillings f or the circulars , memorandum and minute-books , & c ., ordered at thw former meeting . —Thomas Cooi _* ek , Secretary , 134 _» Bhickfriars ' -voad . Discussiox . —An adjourned discussion will t & k" * place at the Uall , Turnagain-lane , on Sunday morning next . Chair taken at half-past ten o ' clock . Subject : " Are the letters written and published by-the rimes' commissioner calculated to lead to the
iiaprovemeni of the Irish people ? " Mr . J . Dato _, an Irish ltcpcal warden , will open the debate , and take * the negative of the question . Admission free , _IIexuv Hunt ' s _Bihtu-Dat . —Democratic Suiter , —The Democrats of London ave informed that st public supper to commemorate the birth-day of Henry . Hunt , "the champion of Universal Suffrage , " will _, be holdcn on Thursday evening , November 6 th , at the Sun and Thirteen Cantons ( Clock House ) , Castlestreet , Leicester-square . Fuaraus O'Connor , Esq ., is invited to preside on the occasion . The conductor * of the Northern Star ; Thomas Cooper , the Chartiafe poet ; and several distinguished . Democrats of this .
and other countries will bo present . Supper on tho tabic at eight o ' clock precisely . Tickets may he had of W . Rider , Northern Slav o _' fficc , 17 , Gveat Windmill-street ; Mr . _Dynimock , 1 , Mellick-plnce , Russell-street , Bcrmondsoy ; Mr . Edwards , Wcstonstrcct , Bermondscy ; Mr . Keen , S , St . Patrick's _, terrace , _Brunswicft-strcct , Dover-roiul ; Mr , J ) ron » Oakley-street , Lambeth ; - Mr . Shaw , 24 , Glouccstcrstreet , Commercial-road East _, * Mr . _lllingworth-Kpping-place , Mile-end-gate ; Mr . Overton , 14 , Tabernacle-row , City-road ; Mr . 11 . Ross , _llaimnersmil-li ; Mr . Ford , luiightsbridge ; and at tho bar of tho Clock-IIouse , Castle-street , Leicester-square .
A Democratic Suiter , in honour of tlie birfh-dayof Henry Hunt , will be held at tlic Whittington and ,-Cat , Church-row , Bethnal-green , on Wednesday , Nov _ 5 th , 1845 ; several distinguished English and Foreign Democrats will attend . Thomas Cooper , the Chartist poet , will preside on the occasion . Supper on ther table at eight o ' clock precisely . Tickets may be bail of the following persons : —Mr . Shaw , 2 i , Gloucesterstreet , . Commercial-road , East ; Mr . _lUingworth , % Epping-phice , Mile-end-gate ; Mr . Blight , 11 - Thomiis street , Stepney ; Mr . Drake , Standard ot " Liberty , Brick-lane , Spitalfields ; Mr . Mitchell , 15 .. . Church-row , Bethnal-green ; Mr . Kirby , 25 , Underwood-street , Mile-end New Town ; Mr . Davis , 1 _& _, App . eby-8 i . rect , _Pcarson-strcet , _'Kingslawl-i-oad ; Mr . Mills , J , New Inn-street , Shoreditch ; Mr . Randall , Church-row , Bethnal-green ; and Mr . Lcfeveri 11 , Dunk-street , Mile-end New Town .
Emmktt ' s Brigade , Rock Tavern , Lisson-grovc . — _- Tho members of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society , and the members of the Charter Association , arc requested to attend on Sunday evening , at seveno ' clock , for the purpose of reorganising the above locality . _Marylkeoxe . — Mr . Linden will lecture at _thet Painters' Anns , Circus-street , on Sunday evening , October 2 Gth . Subject . _- — " The advantage ' s of union and co-operation amongst the producers of wealth . ? To commence at half-past seven precisely . Somers Town . —A meeting of the Somen Town ; bianch ot * the Chartist Co-operative Land Society will be _liehl at Mr . Doddridge ' s , Bricklayers' Arms _, _Toiibridgc-strect _, New-road , on Tuesday evening , October 21 , at eight o ' cleck , for thc purpose of moving the instructions for delegates for the forthcoming " meeting .
_LiLSTOX . _—i'lio members of the Co-operative Land-Society arc requested to meet ou Sunday next ,. Oct . 2 ilth , at six o clock in the evening , at the houso of Mr . Joseph Linncy , sign of the White Horse , High-street , _Bilston . _SiocKroiiT . —Mr . Ambrose Hurst , of Oldham , i * engaged to lecture in the Chartist Association Room , Bombar ' s Brow , on Sunday , the 2 Gth instant , ore " The rights and wrongs of labour , " at six o ' clock in the evening . Mr . J . It . Cooper , of Manchester , will lecture here , in the above room , on Sunday , the 2 nd of November , at six o ' clock in the _evening .
Subject : " Thcmoral and intellectual advancement _, of thc people . " Thc singers will meet and practise for Christmas at two o ' clock next Sunday afternoon . Lancasuiku _Mineks . —The next general delegate meeting of Lancashire Minors will be held 011 Monday , November 3 rd , at the Bull ' s Head , _Lamberthcad-grecn , Pcmberton , near Wigan ; chair to be taken at eleven o ' clock in the forenoon . There will also bc a public meeting , which will be addressed by W . P . Huberts , Esq ., and several other gentlemen . Thc levy for the fortnight , including general contri « bution , is Is . _4 d . per member .
Manchester . —The district committee of thc Association of United _Ti'ildes I ' or the Protection of Industry meet at tlie Railway Inn , Deansgate _, for the transaction of business every Wednesday evening , a . % half-past seven o ' clock precisely . Preston . —A general meeting of the members o £ the Preston branch of the Chartist Co _. _oporativfr Land Society will take place on Sunday evening , November 2 nd , at Mr . _Howorth ' s , Temperance Hotel , Lane-street , to take into consideration the propriety of amending the rules and other business connected with the forthcoming Conference . Chair to be taken _, at _eignt o ' clock precisely . A branch of the United Patriots' Benefit and Provident Society will be . formed on Tuesday evening next , Oclober 2 Sth , 184-5 , at the house of Mrs . Walnisley , Old Dog Inu , Chuvchstreci , Preston .
La * . d Society - . —The members of the City district ; are respectfully requested to meet at the Hall , 1 , Turnagain-lane , on Sunday next , 2 Gth inst ., at five o ' clock , on business of importance , and also to take into consideration the objects of the ensuing Confer * - ence . Mr . Doyle will visit the following places on hi * route to London : —Sunday , 27 th instant , Macclesfield ; Monday , 2 Sth , Uanley , Staffordshire Potteries j and Tuesday , Longton . _M-vnciikstek . —Carpenters' Ham ., —Mr . J . It . If .. Balrstow , of Leicester , will lecture in CarpentersT Hall on Sunday ( to-morrow ) , in the afternoon , at two o ' clock , and in the evening at halt-past six . Mr . Henry Dorman will lecture in thc same place on Sunday , Nov . 2 nd , at two o clock in the afternoon , oa " Tcetotalism ; " and in the evening , at half-past six ; on the " Social and political commotion of nations working for the millions a purer and happier state of beimr . "
Ins South _Lanx-asmm . Delegate Meeti . yg will bo held on Sunday ( to-morrow ) , at ten o clock in the morning , in the Chartist Association Room , Millstreet , llochdale , > Ai . mi . ey , near _Leehs . —This branch of the _Chaiv tist Co-operative Land Society meets in the house of Mr . W . Oates , shoemaker , Towngate , every Monday _, evening , from seven until nine o ' clock , for the purpose of receiving contributions and enrolling new members . t _Bajixsley . —The members ofthe Chartist Co-opera * tivo Land Society are requested to meet at Mr ; Thomas Adam ' s , on Monday evening , Oct . 27 th , onbusiness relative to the forthcoming conference . —Thet friends of equality in Barnsley contemplate holding ss public supper at Thomas Acl-am ' s , on Monday even * - ing , Nov . 10 th ( _instead of Thuradnv , the oth ) , io honour ot that " man of men , " the immortal Ilenrr Hunt !
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 25, 1845, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_25101845/page/1/
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