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Northern Star (1837-1852), 26th April 1845, Edition 3 of 3, Page 7, THE MINERS' STRIKE AT DUKINFIELD, to the...

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      — ^T7^^•'« , '* Atleastinworas, " -T, Nt...

      — _^ _T _7 _^^• _' _« _'* _atleastinworas _, " _-t , ntd mv chance so happen—deeds ) , $£ 25 _"i _** " _* " " - - 11 li' _-ar alitflehird , who sings " t 5 uBK , „ _hv and by wiU be the stronger . **—Br kon _TbeveoPe" 3 ¦ _^ v ** _r . w VIDEO AMD BUENOS ATK , ES . ~ THE _MOS _^ Jt L \ THE RIO DE LA PLATA . J _gouiiis which have so often disfigured our ' , _T-fnKof the massacres _perpetrated on the banks of < _f"g ie la PJata .-4 Be . fi M * that many of our _mdrrmen have been the victims in those massacres , _A the recent change in our diplomatic-relations with _-Spnos Avres , together-with the now certain intervention of the British Government—renders a few I _^ _i-matory remarks on the past and present state of

      _lmii ** shithatpartoi the wo- rMnotunnecessarj _' . For rtit ! f & Hownuj description of the seat of war , and the r _^ _ja of tbat war , we are _pruicipally indebted to an sUc article in that excellent publication , Simmonds s Cibaial Magazine . " The K _« o de la Plata , or the River Plate , originally -9 called from the supposition that the country _pro-Aiccd silver , is rather an "inland sea than a river , hrimr at thc entrance , from Cape St . Mary to Cape « _Antonio , 1 * 70 miles broad . A vast number of _£ _*& traversing the whole extent of the South American continent , empty their waters into this f _^ KK -d ream . rendering its shores the fitting seat of

      r _^ nantic commercial empire . These natural capa-MlMes have not as yet been very extensively devewd owing to the thinness of the population , the _dothful system « f _t _*** 3 old _$¥ _**}& _nuVind the still _Eore fetal results of the sangumary struggles which have oflate years _a : ouT _^ those-o _» fortunate regions . Still _, considerable trading interests have risen up , _bothat Monte Video and at Buenos Ayres , and a we population of English , French , and Italian _faadere aie _l-esiding in the former city , where then * persons and _proiiertics have for a longtime past been exposed to suffering , loss , and destraction , the _conseonencK of ihe savage warfare we have to describe in The Bhfde Plata , at the part where Monte Video fe situated / s only fifty miles broad , and an inlet

      , frem the river forms the harbour ; -which , though rer r capacious , and , as fir as extent of surface is concerned , might hold a very large fleet , is so shallow that even merchant ships are confined to one ado and there is no anchoragefor men-of-war , except for those of a small draught of water , so that lamer vessels—such as frigates—generally anchor about five miles from the landing-place . It is formed by two promontories ; on the side to the west is the mount , on the other to the east is the town ; and within the harbour there is a small-rocky island , called " Rab Island , - " which , is now fortified with thirteen guns , and derives additional protection from the rocky latere of the ground , as well as the ' _shalJon-ncss of the water round it . The town , situated on the east

      aide of the harbour , presents a fine appearance from the sea ; it is bf Spanish origin , and was captured by a British force in the year 1807 . Since it threw off the yoke of Old Spain it has been tie . -subject of contention between Brazils and Bueuas '" Ayres , being at _gmes subject to each , till at last it became independent of both , and tbe whole province of the Banda Oriental of which Monte Video is the capital , forms a ** ood boundary to the extensive territoiy of the Emperor of Brazil . Monte "Video is well built ; its streets are perfectly straight , and intersect each other at right ang les . There are several handsome churches , the largest of which , dedicated to St . Philip and St James , is a noble structure , built in the Konnan style . The bouses , _laving all flat roofs ,

      would form so many fortresses against an enemy taking ihe town by assault , as a few resolute men on the roof of one of these houses might do much damage to a party in the street , without incurring any risk for themselves . This has been often very _^ sensibly felt , and thc importance of it is wellappreciated bv the natives , and by none perhaps more so than by Oeibe , who las never made the least show of attacking the town by assault , even before the present walls were erected . These walls were erected by a French engineer , and are about half a mile beyond the citadel , and planted with cannon taken from the wreck ofthe Agamemnon , which was lost in ine river

      The inhabitants of Monte Video are of a mixed nature , composed of various nations , among which Spanish , Indian , Sardinian , and French blood is very abundant . There are , besides , many English and oflier foreigners _•¦ _eadrngmttetownfor thepurposeofcommerce . The woiaen are described as being mostly very handsome , pirticularly those of Spanish descent . If the statements of travellers are to be relied on , coupled with fiie well-known atrocities of the existing war , cruelty aad an utter recklessness of blood-shedding would appear to be a toc-aL _^ nguishing characteristic of tie inhabitants of the river Plate , and we fear tbat tie Monte Videans form no exception to the general role . The Catholic religion , of course ,

      preponderates . The causes of the war between Monte Video and Buenos Ayres appear to be twofold : the one arising _ferni the fact that the French , who had been assisted bj Mante Video as an ally in the war tbey waged against the Argentine Republic , of which Buenos _Asres _feihe capital , omitted to include their Mends in the peace which they made with the Republic in 183 G , and thus left them te prosecute the war , which has continued ever since , single-handed and in the best manner they could . The other cause arises hrom a civil feud between twoparfies in fhe Republic , respectively churning Rivera and Orebe as fhe legal president . Rosas , who holds the whole ef the power , mtli all tie -resources of Buenos Ayres , in his own

      hands , has long wished to add the Banda Oriental , withps capital Monte Video , to his present extensive territory , and for tins purpose has made use of the specious word " confederation , '" having raised aparty erea within thc walls of Monte Video , advocating federal _prineiplss , in opposition to ihe majority , who are desirous of keeping the town free from the tyranny _"M well as the restrictions on trade which the Argentines experience at the bands of Rosas . From the drcmnstanee of wishing to act alone , they are denominated "Unitarians , " and it was as far bach as 133 $ that an event occurred which enabled Rosas to attempt the execution of his darling object of reducing the Banda Oriental to a province of Buenos Avres . It appears that when the Brazilians

      evacuated Monte Video , Rivera was unanimously elected to the office of * ' Camp General" over all tne Monte Videan forces , without civil power in the towns ; and ap attempt having been made by Oeibe to deprive hun of this office , he raised an army of Orientals , and ailraucedto the walls of Monte Vide , for the purpose of displacing Oeibe from the president ' s chair , in which he had been placed by the Chamber of Rcprcseutatires , whenOniBE , _saemg no _prospect of opposing his adversary in the field , considered himself obliged to give in his resignation as president . _Obuse , when his resignation had been accepted , and _Rjtera elected as his successor , left thc town , and , without endeavouring to make use of any honourable means to reuain the _nost which he had resinned .

      allowe d himself to becomethe tool of Rosas , who , under the pretence of restoring hi ™ to his office , was glad ofthe cloak thus afforded him of hiding his real _oe-ngns upon Monte Video , and therefore welcomed _*™» to Buenos Ayres , to whieh place Oeibe repaired _, lias the mailer remained till the autumn of 1842 , _vhen Rosas collet-ted and equipped a force of 8 , 000 men , princi pally cavalry , and placed them under the _Miumand of Oeibe , who marched towards the Banda _went-d _, and met and defeated the forces of Monte ' _weo , at a small stream called Arroyo Grande . P x _^ . LZ ar"v _° d in sight of Monte Video on the 16 th « t * raary , isi * j and " was supported at sea by a few _snau vessels of war , belonging to Buenos Ayres , _" _* - _* «» thcconmiand of an Englishman named Brown , fioWinff _ffinnoli in naval _minm-niil fhf > _rnnlr nf

      _*^« Ta \ as Buenos Ayres has no naval rank separate bom the military- li the meantime they were not _W 8 _tvifJan the walls , for _Riveba having left the town j _* _scour the countiy , and cut off _Ohjbe ' s supplies , left | _** auid him a ministry to conduct the defence ofthe _&* p . This ministry * left with very few troops at _^ _niainmaiid , set about their arduous task with _® w aud aetivitv , and the French settlers , to the _wuibcr of 3 , 000 _' men , were induced to enrol them frares as volunteer soldiers , and the Italians , also f « as were induced to follow their example , to the _^ _iMHarof 800 . Thc blacks too , being principally _rJf" _^ P _** tcd slaves , enrolled themselves to the nuni-* - _* " ol 2 , 000 ; these , with a few German riflemen , t _„ s me "atives , formed all the force which , though i * * _Jge ununierical force , were perfectly "inexperienced

      in addition lo this the present walls were hastily _Z _^ r _^ -for tified , and several gun-boats were also _X-S P-ae _*^ nnder _-thewmmandof an ltalian _wttted _Giuiuu _^ _MoriEV _* ?* t me t 0 _fr _* * - * Present the blockade of W ~~ , ' _"k ? has continued bv sea and land- Obbie _*» raiab _lished a strong cordon of posts across the Sim * wKd _- _^ town - " _sifted * " fl" * P _rcwhilo _t 3 ? " C ( ifl _Hnanication with the country beyond ; "™ _j at , the same time Buccaneer _Buows , with his _^ _aron , has been equally active at sea . The _horsih-1 _/^• nations of Ohibe , breathing vengeance " infe _^ fte -Monte Videans , whom he terms _fohST _^ ele 3 s and savage Unitarians , " have been toK _Unties and murders so horrible , as alone _hS _^ I-0 *" -- * » f description . It has all "fa uoen the _Cllstm ™ of Ill ' s m ' amKmt . _n-nil Ills - > vew

      in _-SPrf _** _- _* _* _* _* * _P"t io death all theprisonerataken wh h _« 0 st dail r skirmishes between the outposts , _S , torture as they possibly could ; and S £ * 3 fl _* * - _*«• death to " mutilate the bodies , and _mELtS ? with _* nthe reach of the outposts of the _MbErf eani _Asnughtlieexnect _^ tliisprodnced _Wr a ou ae PMt of the opposite side , _*» nd for a _neSim _" _* past _fr- _* _" _- * I *** the rale with both parties fa » rl 5 _?* mv T _" _* inarter J _6 ss _&\ is the certain _n toof tJiosewhofalL O _^ _f _**?* a further force to the assistance of thpff * _"" asistin Kof 1000 men and 6000 horses , under _faxli _^ _PX _""* _" _* - _Thiaforce , thoiighchechcd and * r ? Colonel _•*«» . at length joined Oribe , creac * j _f _? afterwards sent out again , greatly in-• _aver inn _^* P * t vsBA at bay , _whuih he has done

      — ^T7^^•'« , '* Atleastinworas, " -T, Nt...

      * ac « _Ionte \ ideans have now been for more than twelve months destitute of provisions , except rice , _1-uma , beans , andoil ; theyhavehomoney , and nearly aUthen * horses have beenkilledand eaten ; they have an army before their town superior in numbers , discipline , and resources to themselves ; a squadron ofthe enemies ships blockade them by water ; and , lastly , their own general , Rivera , is somewhere in the country , nobody knows where , but wherever he is UnQmzA . is watching him with a superior force ; yet the Monte Videans , despite all these adverse circumstances , have not yielded ; they still hold OHt , fighting , suffering , and perishing , in an almost hopeless contest .

      _ TheBritish residents at Montevideo have declaimed bitterly against the apathy ofthe British Government m allowing this barbarous war to continue , occasioning , as it has done , immense destruction of life , and ruin to most important commercial interests . The conduct of Mr . _Maxdevh-l-e , tbe British envoy at Buenos Ayres , has been fiercely animadverted on , and while he has drawn down upon himself the hatred of the English residents , who denounce him as the "tool of Rosas , " he appears to have at the same time failed in satisfying his own Government of this his recall , and the appointment of "Mr . Gore _Ocseisy to fill his place , is sufficient proof . "We must defer till next week the reasons _justificatory of the interference of the British Government , and also the account ofthe atrocities of the miscreant Rosas , which atrocities alone would justify such interference .

      ^ Grinrtture Ant? Gflrtiroltttre

      _^ grinrtture ant ? _gflrtiroltttre

      Field-Garden Operations. For The Week Co...

      FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS . For the Week commencing Monday , May ( Mi , 1844 . [ _Exfa-acted from a _DiAsr of Actual Operations on five smaUfarms on the estates of Mrs . Davies Gilbert , near Eastbourne , in Sussex ; and on several model farms on the estates of the Earl of Dartmouth at Slaithwaite , in Yorkshire , published by Mi * . Nowell , of Farnley Tyas , near Huddersfield , ih order to guide other possessors of field gardens , by showing them what labours ought to be undertaken on their own lands . The farms selected as ' models are—First . Two school farms at WiUingdon and Eastdean , of

      five acres each , conducted by G . Cruttenden and John Harris . Second . Two private farms , of five or six acres : one worked by Jesse Piper , the other by John Dumbrell—the former at Eastdean , the latter at Jevington—all of them within a few miles of Eastbourne . Third . An industrial school farm at Slaithwaite . Fourth . Several private model farms near the sameplace . Thecohsecutiveoperationsinthesereports will enable the curious reader to compare the climate and agricultural value of the south with the north of England . The Diarx is aided by "Notes and Observations " from the pen of Mr . Nowell , calculated for the time and season , which we subjoin .

      " The culture of lie ground is thy happiest state , O manl Envy not the possession of gold , silver , or fine raiment—their joys may not be so great as thine : for these things lead unto sloth , and a life ef slothfulness is prone to vanity and imaginings of evil , " Note . —Tiie school farms are cultivated by boys , whs . in return for three hours' teaching in die morning give three hours of their labour in tiie afternoon for ihe _masters benefit , which renders the schools _seitscppobtdcg . We believe that at Farnly Tyas six sevenths of the produce of the _jchool farm will be assignedtoihe boys , and one-seventhto the master , who wiU receive the usual school fees , help tkc boys to cultivate tlieir land , and teach them , in addition to reading , writing , & c to convert iheir produce into bacon , by attending to pig-keeping , which at Christmas may be divided , after paying rent and levy , amongst them in proportion to their services , and - be made Urns indirectly to reach theirparentsin a way the most grateful to Uieirfedings . l

      SUSSEX . Mo . vdat —WiUingdon School . Boys digging and manuring for potatoes after rye . Eastdean School . Ten boys digging , and planting potatoes , hoeing the forward ones , and weeding . Piper . Planting potatoes . DumbreU . Dibbling mangel wurzel seed , digging . _Tuesuat—WiUingdon School . Boys digging and ma-- . nuring . Eastdean School . Planting potatoes , sowing carrot seed , hoeing tares , picking up the weeds for pigs and cows . Piper . Drawing manure to theground where rye has just come off . Dumbrell . Dibbling mangel wurzel seed , and digging . Wedxesdat—WiUingdon School . Boys digging and manuring . Eastdean School . Boys emptying tanks , and pouring liquid along the drills , chopping sods , and preparing for _tai-raps . Piper . Digging rye stubble , mowing tares for soiling , above Ueree feet lorn . DumbreU . Dibblintr _maneel wurzel

      seed , and digging . _TncRSDAT—WiUingdon School . Boys digging and manuring for potatoes after rye . Eastdean School Boys digging rye ground , planting potatoes upon it , gathering stubble , and laying it in the trench Piper . Planting potatoes . DumbreU . Digging rye stubble , placing mangel wurzel seed . FmnAr—WnUngdon School . Boys digging ryestubble , and manuring for potatoes . Eastdean School Boys planting potatoes , thrashing oats , cleaning piggery , and jnixing the dung with mould . Piper . Planting potatoes ; always watching my five pigs , whieh I feed on boiled potatoes and pollard . DurabreU . Drilling tares , cutting potatoes , and digging . Satcrdat—WMngdon School . Hand weeduig wheat . Eastdean School . Boys thrashing and cleaning oats , _digging , cleaning out portable pails , school room , and tank . Piper . Digging rye stubble . DumbreU Planting potatoes .

      YORKSHIRE . Slaithwaite School . Boys finished draining , preparing ground for turnips , rolling oats . COW-FEEDING . WiUingdon School . Cows fed on green tares once a day , and green clover the other . DumbreWs . One cow grazed in the pasture . Tchsips . —[ Seea sown , 141 bs . per " acre , either in drills , or broadcast . !—As a general rule , turnips may with advantage be sown at an earlier period in the north than would be suitable for the same species , with other circumstances equal , in the south of England . In the East Riding of Yorkshire it is common to commence sowing swedes the second iveek in May , and to finish white turnips by the 21 st of June . In Suffolk it is usual to commence swedes ne * r the end of May , and white turnips a month later . The effect , however , of difference in latitude is partially counteracted by a greater or less degree of elevation , as well as by a difference of soils where other things are equal .

      Distance of Swede Turnips .- —[ Yonr turnips will be small and spare , If yon deprive them of fresh ah * . ]——They require plenty of air and space . They may be sown on ridges 27 inches apart , if the land be stift and tenacious ; if , on the contrary , it be loose and friable , they may be drilled on the level . Keep away from the sides near the edge-rows , reserving side lands and shady places for your whites , or yellow bullocks . Swedes require deeper soil , richer land , and more manure than white turnips . Distance of "White TcRNirs .- —Manyfai'mersprefer having the rows , some less , others about 22 inches , because they . are better to clean ; and because if placed at 2 " inches the shepherd may have to remove his net too often when the sheep are eating them .

      Size of Turnips . —[ Their roots extend both far and wide , —— -Conveying food from every side . ]—The more distant yourturnips are in the drill , and the further these drills are from each other , the larger will be your turnips , as Mr . Tull has beautifully demonstrated . It is a point , however , that has been much contested . Leam from experience to pitch yours at thc best distance , and perhaps the mean distance will not "be very far from the true one . " A large weight , " says Mr . Almack , " cannot be produced but from large bulbs . Thus a turnip eight inches , across is equal in . bulk to eight turnips four inches across ; while a turnip twelve inches across is equal in bulk to twenty-seven turnips which are foiir inches across . " But the twenty-seven small ones , it is probable may be far superior to the large one in nutritive matter ) a point that you ought carefully te ascertain from experiment .

      _Dhilusg Tdbkips os tub LEm . — - [ . Soils light upon the level sew , Soils heavy ridg _* d up in the row . ]—In the li g ht lands , with a chalk sub-soil , ofthe TorkshireWolds , during a very dry summer , whole fields of turnips drilled upon ridges failed , while adjacent ones drilled upon the level bore a good crop . From such experience , and after much consideration , Mr . Ahnack says , that for white as well as swede turnips on thin and dry soils generally ,, the balance of probable advantage appeared to be in favour of the level _system . —Journal ofthe R . A . Society of England

      Boxe Maxcbe . —At a recent meeting of the Royal Agriciiltural Society , Mr . Pusey informed the council , that the prize essay of Mr . Haimam , on the application of bones as a manure for the turnip-crop , contained , in his opinion , not only a detailed account of the best experiment ever made in agriculture , but some points of so much importance at the present season , when the time for sowing turnips was coming on , that he felt anxious that not a moment should be lost in communicating the facts to the members , for their information and guidance . Mr . Pusey , _having adverted to the great diseovery . of theeconomical and efficient employment of bones as a manure , when dissolved bv maceration in sulohuric acid , proceeded to

      read extracts from Mr . Hannani ' s prize essay , ol which the following is the substance .: —I . Superiority in Economy and Effects . —This result consisted not only in a greater amount of crop obtained atless cost thiui in the ease of bones employed in their ordinary state , but also in the condition and character of the plant itself , as well as . in its growth ; the crops derived from dissolved bones being both more abundant , healthy , and less liable to attacks . of Insects , and-the . plant more rapid in its growth > ( by ten days inthefirst month ; and the gain of amonth atthe end , * , the turnipsfrom the dissolved bones being ready for _nae several weeks before any , other ) , while it exhibited a decided tendency to form _bulbsat a mucli earlier period . The greater and more readily

      Field-Garden Operations. For The Week Co...

      fertilising effects of bones dissolved in acid than any sort of bones not so prepared , were clearly shown in the following results , in which the crops from the dissolved bones took the lead from the _eommencement : —

      Bones Costofboaes State Of Amount Of Pro...

      Bones CostofBoaes State of Amount of Produce per acre . P eracre « Bones . per acre . £ S . d . tons . ewt . st . lb . 16 2 0 0 Crushed 10 3 4 8 2 Dissolved 9 12 0 0 2 1 "Dissolved 11 15 0 0 i J Dissolved 12 11 6 4 4 0 19 6 Dissolved 14 6 4 0 4 1 0 6 Dissolved 14 11 7 0 8 ; 19 9 Dissolved 13 15 " 7 ' " 0 8 1 I : * 0 Dissolved 15 2 5 0 8 Dissolved 16 1 3 fl

      From Which It Appeared, That Two Bushels...

      From which it appeared , that two bushels of dissolved bonesper acre would actually produce as good results as sixteen bushels of bones in their ordinary state in some cases ; that eight bushels of dissolved bones would greatly surpass sixteen bushels of bones used in any other maimer : and that four bushels per acre would be a fair quantity to apply in the state of solution ; the results being greatly superior to those from four-fold the same quantity of bones applied in the usual manner , and the cost _oM-e application less in proportion to the amount of effect produced , evidenced by the weight of the crop , than that of any other quantity . —II . Proportions . —1 . Bones and Acid . — 'The proportion of acid had generally been one-half of the weight of bones employed ; but one third , or even one-fourth of the weight of bones

      might be used with success if occasion required . That was an important point in the economy of the manure , as it affected the cost -materially . —2 . Water : —The proportion , of water had generally been 100 times-the weight of acid ; but fifty or twenty-five times the weight of acid would serve the purpose required very efficiently . That fact was one likely to be of great use , one of the main practical difficulties to contend with in the _. appHcatiph ' . of . dissolved bones being the large quantity of water which had been _^ considered necessary . . Mr . Hannain ' s result showed that four bushels of bones ( 12 st . _) , 6 st . of acid and 300 st . of water ( fifty times that of acid ) , gave 420 gallons of dissolved bones to be applied per acre ; while 150 st . of water ( twenty-five times that of acid ) would suffice . It was , however , worthy of notice , in

      reference to the preparation ofthe iuixturo , that the bones should be pulverised as much as possible before they are mixed with the acid , in order to render the solution more complete ; but should that hot be the case , and a few of the larger portions of bone be left undissolved , that _circumstance would . occasion no injurious effect , as there would-be bone enough dissolved for the plant in its ' early stages , and the larger particles would disintegi'ate by degrees andcome' into operation towards the end ofthe season . —IIL' Dissolved-bone Compost—Mr . Pusey thought that however great a point was gained by reducing the bulk of the water employed for diluting the solution of the bones , a still greater step was attained by _subatitu ting altogether the compost foi * the liquid form of the application . In the society ' s last journal , p . 596 _,, Mr .

      Tennant , of Shields , near Ayri gave the following account of his practice on thishead : — "I puttwerityfive bushels into three old boilers ( of which every farm here has a supply ) , and next pour in two bottles of acid , of about 1701 b . each , and thirty-six ' Scotch pints ( eighteen imperial gallons ) of boiling water into each boiler . It boils away at a great rate for some time , and in a day or two we empty the boilers into two carts of light mould , "and turn the mixture oyer . At this stage , tie bones are only partially dissolved , but they heat and decompose in the heap , after being turned over three or four times ; and in the course of seven or eight weeks the compost becomes dry , and breaks down with a shovel in a fit state for spreading by hand in the drill . " Mr . Thompson * stated , that he had liimself last year found four bushels of

      dissolved bones applied in the form of compost fully equal to twenty loads of -form-yard manure , there being no perceptible difference in the crop throughout the field . ; - if . Cost of Acid . —The Earl of Ducie called the attention of . the council to the price of the acid employed for the solution of the bones . He understood that sulphuric and mmiaticacidmight be obtained for three fat-things per pound . It was desirable , not only that the price of the acid should be ascertained , but that its purity and strength should also be " uniform . Mr . Hyett has communicated the following interestng particulars in a letter to Mr . Pusey : — " Messrs . Leonard ahd Jordan , of the alkali works , Bristol , offer to supply me with acids for dissolving bones as follows : — " Oil ofvitrol ( sulph . acid ) sp . gr . 1830 per lb . Id . Brown acid ( ditto ) ditto 1700 M id .

      Muriatic acid ditto 1100 .. id . Muriatic acid . ditto 1100 „ fd . " These prices are charged for 10 carboys or upwards ; for any less quantity Jd . is usually added . A carboy is a large glass bottle , containing from 1 to li ewt . This is a reduction of 25 , 50 , and 100 per cent , respectively , on some of our printed prices ; but those who buy largely should be able to test the strength , without knowing which , the price , of course , is of no great , value . This is done very easily with a small phial called a thousand-grain bottle , - which . costs about Gd . Balance one of these in the scales , fill it with the acid up to the mark on the neck ; the weight jgained is the specific gravity and measure of strength . Thus , the oil of vitriol of commerce in the thousand-grain bottle should weigh 1850 grains , and the brown acid named above 1 * 700 ' grain s . - The

      manufacturers inform me that there is no . difference between these two , excepting that , the latter is less concentrated than the former .. This , I think , must mean less purified as well , It probably contains some very small quantity of organic matter , which has found its way into the sulphur during its voyage or manufacture ; and which being charred , gives tne colour , and renders it less saleable for many purposes of manufacture . For our purposes , this is no objection . The reduction in strength as compared with the oil of vitriol is more than covered by the reduction in _jirice . I calculate that the quantity of the brown acid , which would c & st only £ 5 6 s . 3 d ., would , taking its relative strength into account , dissolve as many bones as a quantity of the oil of vitriol which would cost £ 6 Is . This , of course , presumes that

      there are no impurities in either injurious , to their effect on bones , and is mere calculation , which should be tested by actual trial . In all sulphuric acid ,. I believe there is a little lead , derived from the leaden vessels in wliich it is manufactured * , and sometimes when made from pyrites , a little arsenic , but not enough , I suppose , to have any decided effect on the specific _gravityor strength , nor on the vegetable or animal that feeds upon the crop . " Mr . Thomas suggested , 'that as itwas often difficult for a small farmer to find a vessel of sufficient capacity to contain the mixture of the dissolved bones and water , it might be found a simple substitute to form a sort of pond , puddled with three or four loads of clay , in which the mixture could be made . When the ' solution was complete , the clay might be mixed with the compost .

      Hewing oni aFarm . —Day after dayit was _noslight army of trees against which we had to do battle : we had to fight hard with them to gain possession ofthe soil , for the trees in those days were giants . I then felt thankful , knowing well how to appreciate my advantages , that having been born and brought up on an English farm /; -all lands of tools , agricultural and others , were at home in my hands . There was a world of work , digging to lay bare the roots , felling , and then cutting the boles and boughs np with the saw and axe . Such of the boles as were good for anything we cut into proper lengths for posts ; splitting and mortising them for that purpose . Rails also we had to get when tliere were any boughs straight enough . Some ol the trees were of unconscionable girth , six or eight yards in circumference . Immense

      was the space of ground that had to be dug away to lay bare the roots . And then , what roots ! they were too large to be cut through with the axe ; we were compelled to saw them in two with the cross-cut saw . One of these monsters ofthe wild was fifteen days burning—burning night and day , and was a regular ox-roasting fire all the time . We entirely routed the quiet of that old primaeval forest solitude , rousing the echo of ages on the other side of the river , that shouted back to us the stroke ofthe axe , and thc groan and crash of falling gum trees . Night never came too soon , and we slept witliout rocking . Then what curious and novel creatures—bandicoots , flying squirrels , opossums , bats , snakes , guanas , and lizards—we disturbed , bringing down , with dust and thunder , then * old domiciles about their cars . Sometimes , also , we found nests of young birds and of

      young wild cats ; pretty black creatures , spotted with white . The wild denizens looked at us wildly , thinking , probably , that we were rough ' reformers , desperate radicals and had no respect for immemorial and vested rights . It was unnatural work , and cruel ; especially when , pile after pile , we added to our other ravages , the torment and innovation of vast fires . The horrid gaps and blank openings in the grand old woods seemed , I felt at times , to reproach lis . It was reckless waste , in a _coalless country , to commit so much fuel to tbe flames . Timber , ' too , hard in its grain as iron almost , yet ruddy , and more beautiful than nMhogany . No matter , we could not eat wood ; we must do violence to our sense of the beautiful _, and to nature ' s sanctities ; we must have corn land , and we , with immense labour , cleared seventeen acres . —Hoivitt ' s Australia .

      C.«F Rz Be Troe ?—.Whether The Following...

      C . « f rz be Troe ?— . Whether the following be true or not , I will leave your readers to judge . _^ Goingover Bedhun the other day with a party , a supposed lunatic presented himself ; of most gentlemanly de-. portment . He spoke in several languages to the foreigners of tbe party—in French to . one , German toanother ,. Spanishtoa third , and English fluently to all . On asking him how he came there , lie said itwas for . writing _lettei-stoan _^ _illustrious personage ( not her Majesty ) to get the a ppointment , of teacher of _languages to H . R . H . the Prince ol Wales . The assertion was not contradicted b y those' who were near and heard it , and ought to have known whether itwas true or false .. It surely cannot be true , * ior the public , through , the usual , channels , has not heard of any such committal to Bethelem Hospital . Edinburgh Weekly Reaister ,

      Cftart&T Jfottfltgenm

      _Cftart _& t _jfottfltgenm

      London. Metropolitan District '! Govsck,...

      LONDON . Metropolitan District '! Govsck , 1 , Turnagainlane , April 20 th—Mr ' . Rowland ih the chair . Reports respectingthe Convention were received . Thesecretary was instructed to summon the whole of the delegates * or Sunday next , to hear and carry out the measures agreed to by the _Contention . Cnr Hall , 1 , Turnagain-lane , Sunday morning , April 20 th . —A numerous meeting was helil to discuss the following question : — " Whether the mass ' of the people are sufficiently enlightened to be entrusted with the franchise V Mr . Overton was called to the chair , and an animated discussion ensued—Messrs . T . Clark , Dorman , and Cowan taking the affirmative , and Messrs . Dalrymple and Connor the negative side . The discussion was adjourned until Sunday morning next . ; ,., . ¦ - "

      _Re-openiyo of the South ' Lokdon _CnAniisi Hali . —The above hall was re- penC ( _j / on Monday evening , April 22 _nd _^ vlth . 3 . festival . Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., was called on to preside , and took the chair amid loud applause . In proposing the first toast , ; " the People—the Land—and the Charter , " he said they had assembled that evening for the double purpose' of receiving instruction and amusement , * but more especially to celebrate their re-union . ( Cheers . ) He loved the people , and believed when they were fully aware of their own power , they would , obtain their rights . He looked onthe Land as the means of obtaining the Charter . There were a few friends now assembled in Convention to keep the claim to those - thines alive . The neonle

      liad a perfect right to them from their birth ; and he knew of no bar the lapse of time had placed in their way . A National Trades Conference , consisting : ' of ninety-seven members ,: had recently met . They had agreed to the Land question , and were for the protection of industry ; which were the things the Chartists looked for : and although the Trades did not take our name , they were taking our principles . ( Cheers . ) There had been a Conference also of a single Trade , yet a very important one , the Shoemakers , consisting of thirty-seven members . Well , they followed in the same course . It might be weakness that they did not acknowledge the Chartist principles , but they were progressing in the right direction It was his ( Mr . O'Connor ' s ) full conviction that there

      would be no security for social rights until they obtained their political rights . ( Loud cheers . ) The present " lull" in the Agitation gave him no alarm . He saw their principles progressing . Let them look which way they would , Chartism was more diffused than ever . He cordially gave the people " the Land andtheCharter . " ( Loud cheers . ) Mi * . Candy proposed the second sentiment— " The Executive Committee of the National Charter Association . " He said that body had stood the test of public opinion , and had not been found wanting , but had given general satisfaction . They were working men of the right sort . The ; glorious example set by their excellent'chairman was worthy of all praise . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Dron saidthe best te 3 t theycould have of the

      efficiency of tlieir Executive , was their re-eleetion by a very large majority . ( Cheers . ) Mr . T . M . Wheeler rose to give the third sentiment— " More Chartist Halls and fewer Churches , " which was received with a , burst of loud applause . He said he cordially _concurred in the sentiment . He believed' if halls were more numerous , their principles would meet with many supporters . ( Cheers . ) With the latter portion he equally agreed . Churches , as at present conducted" were complete nuisances . The parsons did not educate the people , and consequently those edifices , were worse than useless , and the sooner they were converted into Chartist halls _foi-iliejeaching of morals and science the better . ( Louacheers . ) Mr . O'Connor then gavethenext toast , "T . S . Duncombe ,

      M . P . * , the Representative of the People . " ( Loud cheers . ) If it was necessary to say anything to add to Mr . Duncombe's well-earned popularity , he would have to bid them look at his herculean labours on behalf of the working people —( cheers)—almost undivided and alone . Look dt . him in his only week ' s holiday , devoting his time in the daily presidency over "Labour ' sParliament . " ( Loudcheers . ) Thc next sentiment was , "Frost , Williams , and Jonesi and the other Exiles , " which was received with loud cheers . The Chairman then gave "The Ladies , " which was , heartily responded to ; and thus coneluded the speaking portion of the evening ' s business . Dancing then commenced , which appeared to afford much enjoyment .

      Democratic Festival . . — A densely cruwded musicalnieeting was held on Tuesday evening , April 22 nd , at the Crown and Sceptre , Brompton . This festival was held for the benefit ofthe juvenile portion ofthe familvof awell-known democrat , William Whitehorn . Mi . * . Doyle presided and Mr . Domian occupied the vice chair .

      .- - ¦ _- .. BRIGHTON . At a General Meeting of the Chartists of this town , held at the Cap of Liberty , Portland-street , Mr . William Flower in the chair , it was proposed by Mr . _Tullett'imd seconded by Mr . Williams— "That it is the opinion of this meeting that the conduct of T . S . Duncombe , Esq ., oh all occasions in the Commons House Of Parliament , but more especially his detection and manly exposure of the Post-office espionage system , as practised by Sir James Fouche _^ Graham , ' is deserving the gratitude of all classes' of reformers ; and we furthermore trust that-they will unite with the ' worldhg classes to assist the hon . member for Finsbury in abolishing ' a system pregnant with danger to the lives and liberties of the democrats of all Europe . " The resolution * was' carried unanimously .

      The Miners' Strike At Dukinfield, To The...

      THE MINERS' STRIKE AT DUKINFIELD , to the editor of . the northern star , Sir , —I have again to trouble you with a short expose of another act of " Coal-king" tyranny , which , if you will insert in your invaluable journal , you will much oblige the Coal-miners of the Duckenfield district . On whose behalf I am , dear sir , yours faithfully , Manchester , April 22 nd , 1845 . William Dixox .

      , TO THE _PUBLlCi It will be remembered by . the readers of the Star that the Coal-miners in the employment of Messrs . Swire and Lee , at Ducinfield , were recently compelled to strike , through the tyrannical conduct of an agent employed by that firm . . . , This gentleman considered himself justified in taking 7 s . out of 17 s . Od . earned by the men ; in addition to which he took so much of the men ' s , . work from them under the plea that there was dirt in the coals . Nor was this all they had to complain of . His regulations required ' thatthey . should shovel dirt for days together , and receive nothing for it . The men , therefore , laid their case before the employers , but they refusing to give them any redress , they had no alternative but to strike . They are now in the ninth week of their struggle , and are as determined to-day as they were at first , not to return to work until thev have justice done them . ,

      The masters have , through the press and by their agents ,, which they have sent up and down the country , stated that they had offered to give them all they wanted , but they would not return to . their work . It is true that they offered terms to the men , propounded by . Mr . Matthias Dunn , similar to the terms given to the Miners of the north by the northern coal despots—namely , that they might come back to their work at the . same price they had when they struck , providing they would sign a bond , some to serve for a month , others for two months , and others for three , six , and twelve , months , and the masters , to beat liberty to discharge a man at any time by giving him fourteen days ( notice . The Miners , with all their ignorance , saw the drift of this . They

      knew it . was introduced for the purpose of gettiug rid ofthe "barking dog , " and binding the rest fast to the master's will . They , therefore , rejected it . The masters have taken every advantage of the men , in order to intimidate them , and make them go to their work ; they have sent the bailiffs into the men ' s houses for rent , and that at the time they owed the men more money than would pav the rent ! The men frustrated this generous move , " by paying the rents out of the funds provided by a generous public . The next act of tyranny was to turn the men out of their houses , and throw their furniture into the streets . . I know one man who had lived twenty-seven years in thehouse , and who , at his own expense , had built several outbuildines . and stocked the _ffarden

      with valuable , trees and plants , for whicli these just gentlemen would not give him a farthing , but tumbled him into the street because he would not become a willing slave . But notwithstanding all tllOSG petty acts of oppression , the men stand firm , and will continue to do so as long as the public support them . ; Every praise is due to the operatives of Ashton , Staleybridge , and Dukinfield , for the manner in which they , haye responded to the Miners' call for help . Nor is this the only pleasing feature in this struggle : it , has been the means of bringing the Miners and the other trades into communion . with each other , which bids fair to accomplish in this district the amalgamation ofthe whole of the Trades in the _gi'cat national compact . „ There is a committee of sixteen-in Ashton ,

      composed of eight Spinners . and eight Miners . These men go out , a Spinner ah ' d a Miner" together , three nights in the week , for the double purpose of impressing on the Trades the necessity of all uniting in one great body for -the . -purpose of assisting each other , and at the : same time to , get subscriptions for the Miners on strike . This is as it ought to be ; arid I hope other towns . will , " form committees , for the purpose of visiting the Trades oh this important question . Before Iconclude I wish to say a Tford fa the Lead - j _^ iner _sof _lferbyshire . ; . Tou have _^ had , arid now have , a ' gentleman amongst you who , _^ ; by his _. misrepresentation and falsehood ; is endeavouring to , lure you . from your homes for the purpose of taking ) the / bread out of the mouths _. of yo- ui ! Mow rmen . You .. . are the only men m the _Jmkingidepartmeiit _.. they now can _. fly , to , ' and why ?—because you have _nofc-: joinedthe Mihera ' Association . The gentleman above alluded to has told you that the men could get 13 s , per day , out of

      which they would'have to pay 3 s . for a waggoner , which would leave 10 s . per day clear . Believe him not , if . you 'don't want to be deceived . I have seen huridreds ' df men ' s pay tickets , arid it would take four days' wages'to makells . ; 2 s . _Od . perday is something nearer the mark . A number of Lead Miners have come and Commenced working , two or three of whom hare been nearly hilled with the buzzard falling on them , _andtheotherainusttake themselves away again . They are kept close prisoners , having for their sleeping-room a lumber-room in the engine-house . Their living is bacon arid bread . ¦ ,, When they conic , out of the pit tliey have to run to the coal-pit cabin and fry tlieir bacon , and go to their sleeping-room and eat it . This is the " splendour" that was promised them

      before they left their , homes . . 1 nope , _inoreiore , tnat this will be a warning to you riot to he trepanned by empty promises which ' can never befulfilled , for if you arc , when you have answered their purpose they will send youladrift , and you may get home as best you can . Only this last- week they brought four poor fellows out _' of your county oh the representation that itwas not a strike , but a new establishment ; and if it was a strike when they got them there they would give them money to take them home again . But did they do so ? No . When the brave fellows refused to work because it was a strike , instead of giving them money to go home , " according to promise , they wanted them to pay for the "bread and cheese

      and ale they had had on the road . " " No , no , " said the men , " we have done that little bit of work for you because you engaged lis to do it , but we will not be knobsticks . " They came tothe men on strike , and they treated them kindly for their honesty , and sent them home , although the honourable gentleman who kidnapped them from tlieir families left them to beg their way back , or starve . Trusting thai the above will be sufficient to prevent others from coming te Duckenfield while the strike is pending , which cannot be long , provided the Miners of other counties keen away , I am , dear friends , on behalf of the Miners , Manchester , April 22 nd . Wm . Dixos .

      To The Ropemakebs Of Scotland.—Fellow Wo...

      To the Ropemakebs of Scotland . —Fellow workmen , —Mr . Robert Hood Haggie , of Willington Ropery , and No . 61 , Close , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , liaving sent printed bills into Scotland , offering good wages and constant employment to Ropcmakcrs , we beg leave to acquaint you , in order to prevent your being cajoled by this man , that the reason of his thus advertising is liis refusal to pay the same rate of wages that every other master in tliis district is paying : our sole demand being the rate at which all our fellow workmen in the surrounding rogeries are rer ceiving—and not one farthing more—which he refuses to pay , threatening to fill his ropery with Scotchmen , whom he says he can get . for fifteen shillings per week . Iu order to subjugate , us , lie has sent the bills to Scotland . We , therefore , trust that you will . not suffer yourselves to be misled by this great Free Trader and zealous distributor of " gospel" tracts : but that you will treat his bills with the contempt they deserve , and not lend yourselves to assist him in reducing the wages of your fellow workmen ofthe trade . —By order of the Ropeniakers on strike at Willington Ropery , James Armstboxg , Chairman .

      Whipping In, And The " Cut " Direct. (Fr...

      WHIPPING IN , AND THE " CUT " DIRECT . ( From die Globe . ) Our readers must not be too ciirious to learn how we have obtained possession of the following correspondence , which explains why Captain Meynell , though holding an office in the household , was again absent from Friday's division I —

      (No. L.) Mb. Young, M.P., To Captain Ste...

      ( No . l . ) MB . YOUNG , M . P ., TO CAPTAIN _StETNELL , M . P . Dear Meynell , —Pray come up . Peel wants every Tory vote . If we haven't a majority of our own on the second reading , it will be as much as my place is worth . D—n Lisburne . Fitzroy votes . Pringle cuts : and old Forbes Mackenzie , who has been vapouring at the Carlton that he should vote , perliapB , against , certainly not for us , has just been with me to ; say that he had been thinking a great deal on the subject , and should vote with us . He pretended he did ' nt know that Pringle had resigned . O , yes ! KeUy is going to rat too . I hope . lie won't be sold . For G _od's sake come up and vote . Yours ever , Treasury , Wednesday , J . _Yoi-xg . ¦ ; .. ( No . 2 . )

      CAPTAIN METNELL , M . P ., TO MB . TOUNG , M . P . Dear Young , —Peel and all of you may be d—d before I coire up to vote for Maynooth , Because Fitzroy and Mackenzie and Kelly are rogues , that is no reason why L should be . . Yours ever , "Windsor , Thursday . II . Metnell .

      Smoke Nuisance.—The Select Committee Of ...

      Smoke Nuisance . —The Select Committee of the House of Commons appointed to bring in a bUl for abating the nuisance of smoke , have again resumed their sittings . In the voluminous * report published by __ the committee last year the evidence of numerous scientific and practical men was given , on the advanta _^ estothe public , as well as the economy to theowners of steam-engines , ofthe adoption of efficient modes of

      consumings moke . The evidence shewed that upwards of sixty or seventy inventions for this purpose have been proposed , and the principal part of this number have been patented * and although a vast majority of these InTentions have been proved to be' inapplicable or defective , there are still several which will accomplish the object , or will at least greatly reduce the evil . Many experiments have been made at her Majesty ' s dockyards on some of the most promising of these inventions -with various degrees of success ; and it appeal's by the reports made from Woolwich and Portsmouth dockyards , that after _alcngthenetltrial of two years , it has been determinedjto adopt Godson ' s patent smoke-consuming apparatus in the Government yards , in consequence of its satisfactory

      performance . This invention combines the two principles of coking the coal and introducing heated air into the furnace , by either of wliich methods scientific _menare- ' _ag-reed that a very large proportion of the amoke of furnaces may be consumed ; and by the joint operation of the two itis tobe expected thatthe most perfect combustion of the smoke . Will be obtained . Owingto the immense increase in steamengine chimneys within the last few years , the evil of smoke has reached a most _inMevable height , and it is to be hoped that the committee this year will not expend then * labour so uselessly as they did last year , but will devise some efficient plan for compelling the abatement ofthe nuisance , since no doubt now exists as to its practicability and the advantages to be derived from it . '

      _Untrrr op the Electhxc Telegraph . — On , the 19 th hist ; a gentleman , a passenger , by the twelve o ' clock doitti train to Bristol , froin the _Paddington terminus of the Great Western ilailway , discovered , shortly before the train , arrived at Slough ; that he had lost his purse , containing Bank of England notes tothe amount of £ 900 , besides £ 2 10 s . in gold and 8 s . Cd . in silver . Immediately on the arrival of the train at the Slough station he proceeded direct , to the office of the electric telegraph in ' a state of great exciteinent , not knowm _*** whether he had been robbed of his money in the railway carriage ,, or lost it before he entered the train . Information _^ ofthe loss was

      instantaneously transmitted to the superintendent of the electric telegraph , at the Paddington , station , who immediately proceeded to the booking-office wliere the ' gentleman paid for his ticket , wliere the purse and its contents were found untouched . Within five minutes from the time ofthe loss being made known at Slough , the gentleman ' had tho satisfaction of knowing that by means of this extraordinary invention his property was safe , and shortly afterwards received it by the following train . The Rev . Dr . Hook , vicar of Leeds , has been appointed chaplain to the Leeds workhouse , without stipend .

      DEATH . On Tuesday evening last , April 22 , at seven o ' clock , Mrs . Sarah Monk , of Pond-terrace , College-street , Chelsea . Deceased was an opulent laundress , employing a great number of hands , and she was also a thorough and most benevolent democrat , relieving freelv the Chartist victims ; and to such of our poor and oppressed brethren who fell in her way , her heavy loss will be long and widely lamented .

      Baptized, By The Rev. Mr. Irvin, Of The ...

      Baptized , by the Rev . Mr . Irvin , of the Froe Church , Falkirk , on Sabbath , March 20 th , and duly registered , George Feargus O'Connor , son of Ann and William Wilkio . On Wednesday , April 9 , at the parish Church , Sheffield , the son of John and Ruth Murray was baptized David Ross Murray .

      Jharfcrt Hxmimmtt

      _jHarfcrt _hxMimmtt

      Lojfdox Corn Exchange, Mootay , April21....

      _LojfDox Corn Exchange , Mootay , April 21 . —The arrivals of English wheat and flour were good during the past week , but of barley , oats , beans , and peas , the receipts coastwise . were on a moderate scale . From Scotland / a fair quantity of barley and oats came , to hand , and of the latter article the supply from Ireland was liberal . In addition to the arrival of British grown grain , a cargo of wheat was received from Sydney , and rather important : supplies of oats and barley from the .. north of Europe . At this morning ' s market there was a small show of wheat by land-carriage samples from _, the home , counties , and the display , of beans and peas was also trifling , but barley and oats were plentiful .. Vp to the close of

      the week the weather was cold and ungenial ; since then the temperature has risen , and to-day it is very warm . The demand for wheat was by no means lively this morning ; factors were , however , firm , and owing to the smallness of the quantity offering , they were enabled to effect a tolerable clearance , at about the rates of this day se ' nnight . In foreign free wheat there was not much doing , but ; good qualities were hot cheaper . Flour moved oft tardily , quotations for bnfh * town and country manufactured remaining Sithrsame ason _iftohday last . Barley of all _Sptionl _^ difficult of disposal , and the yalue o 5 _gW underwent a iurtherdechne ; capital maltin g qualities were offering at 32 s ., and othersorts at corresponding rates . . Malt hung heavily on hand , and , excepting for choice qualities , it was difficult to obtain former terms . Not _* _witastandiag the somewhat

      Lojfdox Corn Exchange, Mootay , April21....

      liberal manner in which the market was supplied with oats , noanxietv was manifested ; by factors to force business , and W steady consumptive demand enabled them to realise very nearly the currency of this day week . Beans were enquired for , and commanded a trifling advance . Peas were also in fair request , and quite as dear as on Monday last , Ih bonded grain nothing of interest transpired . The cloverseed trade is drawing to a close , and quotations have become almost nominal . Canary seed was saleable to-day at prices whicli could scarcely have been realised on Monday . In other articles there is ho change to report .

      CURRENT PRICES OF GRAIN , PER IMPERIAL QUARTER . —British . s s s a Wheat , Essex , Si Kent , new Si old red 42 49 White 50 55 Norfolk and Lincoln . ... do # 3 47 Ditto 40 52 Northum . and Scotch white 42 47 Fine 49 53 Irish red old 0 0 Red 42 45 White 46 49 Rye Old 31 32 New 30 32 "Crank 34 35 Barley Grinding . . 26 27 Distil . 28 30 Malt 31 32 Malt Brown .... 54 56 Pale 56 60 Ware 62 63 Beans Ticks old & new 32 34 Harrow 33 38 Pigeon 38 4 » Peas Grey 34 35 Maple 3 G 37 White 36 38 Oats Lincolns & Yorkshire Feed 21 23 Poland 23 25 Scotch Angus 22 24 Potato 24 28 Irish White 20 22 Black 20 21 Per 2801 b . net . s s \ Per 2801 b . net . s s Town-made Flour ... 42 44 I Norfolk & Stockton 32 33 Essex and Kent .... 34 3-3 | Irish zi 35

      tree . Bond . Foreign . s a s s Wheat , Dantsic , Konigsburg , & c 53 58 36 38 — —Marks , Mecklenburg .- 48 52 32 34 Danish , Holstein , and Friesland red 44 46 26 28 Russian , Hard 44 46 Soft ... 44 47 26 2 S Italian , Red . . 46 48 White ... 50 52 28 33 -Spanish , Hard . 46 48 Soft .... 48 ' 50 28 32 Rve , Baltic . Dried , ... 30 31 Undvied . . 30 32 21 22 Barter , ( _rrinding . 20 26 Malting . . 30 32 20 28 Beans , Ticks .. 30 34 Egyptian . 33 34 24 21 Peas , White . . 3 C 38 Maple . . 35 37 28 3 » Oats , Dutch , Brew and Thick ....... 24 25 19 21 Russianfeed 20 21 15 16 Danish , Friesland feed 21 23 15 1 ? Flour , per barrel , 24 26 19 21

      Losdon _SjnrHFUBLD _CiirtE Mabket , Arm * -. 2 I .- _« In the past week , three steamers have arrived in the port of London , direct from Rotterdam , with live stock for our market , the Batavier bringing forty seven , the Giraffe ten , and the Columbine eight oxen and cows , or a total of sixty-five head . Respecting the quality of the above importations , we may observe that it has proved extremel y good , indeed finer beasts have not been received under the new tariff for sale here than those wliich have readied us since this day se ' nnight . The average weight of these animals has been about 116 stones ( 8 lb . ) . The number on offer to-day did not exceed seventeen—the other imports finding purchasers on Fridav last , while they commanded a steady demand at full prices . We doubt not that every precaution is

      exercised at the Custom House to prevent the landing of diseased animals ; still , we are fully convinced that some of the Dutch beasts , whicli were very badly on their feet here this morning , were suffering from the effects of t he so long complained of epidemic . As to those from our own districts , we regret to observe that large numbers of them were thus affected . Although the supply of beasts from our own counties was , the time of year considered , veiy moderate , and of middling quality compared with that brought forward on some previous market days , the beef trade this morning ( owing to the dead markets being rather heavily supplied )_ was byno means so active as many persons were led to expect . Still , however , the primest Scots were in good request , at fully last week's _enhaneed _ciiiTeneifls— -thev _movinc * nff at frmn

      4 s . to 4 s . 2 d . per 8 lb . ; but ' all other breeds hung heavily on hand , and some difficulty was experienced in effecting a clearance at late rates . The arrivals from Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex , and Cambridgeshire embraced WOO Scots and homebreds , while from the northern counties we received 300 short-horns , & c . ; from the western and midland districts , ' 350 Herefords , runts , Devons , & c . ; from other parts of England , 300 of various breeds ; and from Scotland , 180 horned and' polled Scots . Nearly 400 store beasts have come to hand from Scotland in the w ; eek just concluded , but the number here to-day was small , though , in consequence of the shortness of grass , more than adequate to meet the wants of the few

      dealers m attendance . Prices ruled very low . The number of sheep was rather limited , yet the mutton trade was in a sluggish state , at prices barely equal to those paid on Monday last ; yet the best old downs in the wool were taken at from 4 s . 4 d . to 4 s . 8 d . per 8 lb . From the Isle of Wight , 170 lambs were received by the Southampton railway ; while from other parts , the receipts were moderately extensive . Prime Down lambs sold steadily at from 5 s . lOd . to 6 s ., but other kinds were a dull sale , at barely stationary prices . The supply of calves was rather limited , yet the veal trade was dull at . Friday ' s depression of 2 d . per 81 b . From Ireland we received 120 pigs , the demand for which , as well as English breeds , was heavy at barely late rates .

      By the quantities of 81 b ., sinking the offal . s . d . s . d , Inferior coarse beasts ... 28 31 Second quaUty . . . . 3 2 8 4 Prime large oxen ... . 3 8 3 10 Prime Scots , & c 4 0 4 2 Coarse inferior sheep . . , 2 io 3 4 Second quality . , . 3 $ 3 W Prune coarse woolled , . . 40 42 Lambs 4 8 6 0 Prime Southdown ( out of the wool ] 3 10 4 2 Ditto ( in the wool ) . . 4 4 4 8 Large Coarse calves . . . . 3 4 4 2 Prime small . . . . . 4 4 4 6 Suckling calves , each . . . 18 0 29 0 Large hogs ' .... , 3 0 3 6 "Neat small porkers . _. . 3 8 4 0 Quarter-old store pigs , each . . 16 0 19 0 HEAD OP CATTIE ON SA 1 E .

      ( From the Books of the Clerk of the Market . ) Beasts , 2 , 722-Sheep and Lambs , 23 , 700—Calves , 112—¦ ¦; ¦ ••' ¦ Pigs , 309 . Richmond Cok . v Market , Aprii . 19 . — We had ft plentiful supply of grain in our market to-day , the prices much the same as last week ; wheat sold _, from 5 s . od . to 6 s . 6 d . ; oats , 2 s . 4 d . to 3 s . 2 d . ; barley , 3 s . 6 d . to 4 s . ; beans , 4 s . to 4 s . 6 d ., per bushel . , Livehpool " , _Coiin Market , _MoNDAr , April 21 . —Tho arrivals of grain into this port during the past week have been moderate , but the quantity of British produce left unsold last Tuesday has abundantly supplied our market . There has yet been no extension of demand on us for wheat , which has still been confined to the wants of the immei _' iiatc neighbourhood At the same time , the sale of sack flour has been

      Earticularly dull , and in the few transactions that ave , occurred in either of these articles it has been difficult to maintain previous quotations . Oats and oatmeal have each fully sustained their value , but the extent of business in either has been only moderate : on Friday good mealing oats were sold at 2 s lOJdto 2 s lid per 45 lbs ., and oatmeal at 23 s Od to 24 s per 240 lbs . Egyptian beans were held firmly for 33 s per 480 lbs ., butnotmany sold ; anda cargo of low quality of Egyptiau barley was disposed of at 3 s Gd per 60 lbs . For English beans or malting barley there has been _, scarcely iiny . demand . In bonded articles the transactions have been comprised in the sale of a cargo

      of yellow Indian corn at 20 s per 480 lbs ., and a small cargo of Polish Odessa wheat at 4 s 3 d per 70 lbs . The value of guano has declined fully 10 s per ton during the week . __ The continued dry whether may have had some influence in lowering tlic pretensions ofthe importers , who are _disajipoiuted in the limited extent of demand as compared with that of last year , at this season . African has been sold at £ ? down to 402 s Gd per ton , according to quantity and quality , and Peruvian at £ 10 to £ 11 per ton . A little speculation has been excited at the lower figures . The quautity of African guano now here , is estimated at about 70 , 000 tons . There has been no change in the value of linseed or linseed cake . .

      Liverpool Cattle Market , _Moxdav , April 21 . — The supply of cattle at market to-day has been rather smaller than last week . Tliere was a numerous attendance of customers from all parts . Prices a shade higher . ' Beef 5 id . to Old . and Mutton 6 _| d . to 6 | d . per lb . _MMtenESTER , Cork Market , Saturday , April 19 . —« The weather , throughout the week has been exceedingly fine , but accompanied with cold , harsh winds , which must have a tendency to keep vegetation in a backward state . Probably from this cause rather more confidence has been exhibited in the trade since our last report ; still , the transactionshi any article have been only to a very moderate extent , and in these no material variation from the previous currency was perce ptible . At our market thiB morning tliere was only a limited inquiry for wheat , but holders generally required previous rates . The demand for Sour was likewise but moderate , at about late prices _. Both oats and oatmeal met a fair sale for present consumption without alteration in value . In beans no change can be noted . ; .

      Leeds Coux Market , Tuesdat , April 22 . — Our supplies of all grain this week are extremely small , and in thc absence of a better show of wheat , the trade to-day is quite of a retail character : fresh qualities however firmly maintained last week ' s rates , on the little business done . As the malting season draws'to a close , the inquiry for barley necessarily becomes more limited ; ih the value of good qualities there is no variation _^ but low descriptions are . as difficult as ever to quit . Oats and beans are scarce and rather dearer . Leeds Cioth Tbade . —There has been considerable briskness in the cloth market during the past week in most descriptions of goods suitablefor summer wear . The summer trade , however , being now about over , manufacturers arc beginning to ton their attention to fabrics suitable for the autumn and winter trade .

      ¦ Malton Corn Mabeet , April 19 . —We have a moderate supply bf all kinds of grain offering to thig day's market . ' In wheat and barley no alteration Oats same as last week . Wheat , ' red 44 s to" 48 s white ditto , 48 s . to . 62 s . per qr . of * 40 st . ' Balev 27 a ' to . 30 s . per 32 stone- oats , lOd . to ; lld . per stone ! . . York _CVrn . _Mabret , April i _»; l _* We have again had aamall supply , of ; all grain to . this ; day's , ma & et . Wheat has sold readily at last week ' s prices .. Barley _Sk _. SI _^ at iV ? i . _* uarter _redwetion . Oats and beans cominanded rather-more money . ]

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 26, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_26041845/page/7/