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THE NORTHERN STAR. JuLr % > ^
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CHEAP, £ . -" .GAW, AKO EXiEOiriOUS ?KiiC"i'I_iG.
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THE LAND.
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I hereby direct that alimonies payable t...
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THE NORTHERN STAR. SATURDAY, JULY 2(5, 1815.
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EARL GREY: MANNERS SUTTON: AND
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BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF "SECURE TENURE." T...
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~ ~ T ~ \\- -.";:• * l here appeal s to ...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
The Northern Star. Julr % > ^
THE NORTHERN STAR . JuLr % > _^
Cheap, £ . -" .Gaw, Ako Exieoirious ?Kiic"I'I_Ig.
CHEAP , £ . - " . _GAW , _AKO _EXiEOiriOUS ? _KiiC"i'I _ iG .
Ad00407
_COMMITTK _^ , _i _!; _,..-.-: - _^ tf E _*~ fiW « w _** . _" _» _" _** rooms T -. * -iv * , i ..-:. v > .. _a _^ -ics . .. - 1 I" -- - * _, _bo'lies _generallv . aiii id it _ninrii t « ihrir _adv-nir-i- ;* - to give _ , eir order :, - T . _-srUTTEU . -I and 4 , Uiurch-row , _BethnaU'reei , " .. •¦• _- ¦ m . _C-xrdf , 1 ~ l _** r hewhed ¦ Handbills , bv ..-. kin , _:: _n-my : l , uu--: ii : l , _^ . per thousand ; l ' _ostinz-biU-, 5 s . _-- - _toudvcil . (•¦• _di-re * irom tiie eountry , contain . ' * * : a -.:. it : asce , _j . r _*« np 5 lv _aUended to . Goods delivered _"ith ** ¦ -. re miljs w _' T _^ _i-idon . Give jour .-. " _era io T . Suitier , 3 and 4 , Church-row , _Betlnal-srixn . .-. _•¦
Ad00408
NATIO . NAL TRADES' CONFERENCE . ALL _Pirson * - _vho-ivhh to -aire their nionsy _, ivill purchase th ' - --AT . - " * at DCS- ' : * . MANUFACTORY , 82 Giis « _-t _!! - * - ' - -rt , _Finshui-y . wh _* n there is only one profit from th ¦ ... . kit ' s hand to tin * wearer ' s head . SUk Bats from * . V _.- * _., _ ea _* _ * ditto irom os . Od . All goods _«_—anted u . - . -liaJe irom ihe be * : nial--ri . il ? .
Ad00409
COALS . IJ IOB , 1-s . 'I-:, _tlis half tun , wry best VfalUtnd , well . screeneiV _** v « n * sae- _hivariaWy iwighed ou delivery , and -ira rented ; U _.-illon ' s , Stewart ' s , or _Lainhton _' s , two tons at _-Jm .- Newcastle or seconds , _2-3 _s . ; Kitchen Coal , 21 ? . Cd . -. Clt . * _, 17 s . Di-HviTcd within five milts at the above j ,.: = _'"' = s , or within _ttvo've miles for 2 s . extra per ton . Or _*' . _^ -: hv letter promplly < _i-. _* 5 patched . -Metropolitan Coal { _Vi-pany , - . ' 79 , High iloibom , nearly opposite _ ed _ ion-str « _-.:.
Ad00410
E _ " WAHD - - * \ LT _}*" _* 5 Fourth Lelter to the Bi _& hop of _IVorc ; s :-: r . —Just published , price Sd ., by post six postage stamp- ' What is ila _<* phtu . y V "Has man a free will 5 " " - _' - - tliere au intelligent lirst cause V and , "Who takes * - -- of tho souls of the clergy V Questions asked in a !< : ¦ r to the _Kighi Ilcv . father in God the Bishop of Wui- ; -. _! „ , hy Edward Waller , of Worcester . — * ¦ He alone ca -. - ' -scor-a * truth Mho dares to investigate all ttings . " " II- done can be free who has truth for a guide . " \ V _.---.--ter : Baker , bookseller , Mealcheapen-Btreet;—Lou * -. . ; - : Iletlierinj-ton , llol . vwell-street , Strand ; "Watson , Pau : * .. l : _cy , P-ittrnostt ; r-Toiv ; _and-illbooksellers . The _folloiviii-r , L-. o by _ Jward Walter : — s . d . Ihongbts on _Education , Customs , Opinions , Trade , Pul _' , ; „ , and _Itslipon 0 6 Par t 2 , ditto , -into ... ... ... 0 6 Is thc Bible " _- _< 3 ? A question asked in a letter to the Hi * - ! .: ' lev . Father in God the Bishop of ¦ Wo rcester ... ... ... 0 1 How te man ' s * _-i _. arac _ r formed ? The question answered in _; i .-etter to the _Ker . Dr . Bedford , of Worcester ... ... ... ... 0 1 A reply to " . _?'•¦ _*> - Is mat ' s character formed V by the Rev . Gi - - . ije _Hnlford ; with a reply to llie samehy _E-S > _.-. rd Walter ... ... 0 -t Why does _«•• : 'lie Bishop answer the question , _"IstheBr-iv rue ? " A letter to the Right Itev . Fatlr .,- . ' . i God the Bishop of Worcester 0 11 Hoes , the Bis' ---. ' - . if Worcester believe iu Christ I 0 li
Ad00411
KOVE 5 . MXGURSION TO _BRIGHTON AND UACK IX ONE DAY , FOR FOUR SHILLINGS ! THE 3 IE _;' . ; -: KS and F 1 HEXDS of the CHARTIST _ASSO- _' _-S . - _iTIOX and CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE I , AND SOG 1 :- ; TV . respeetfull v announce to the Public that they have ci-..-:-. ' . Special Trains for a _PUlASmtE TRIP to the beau :. ; -. * aud salubrious town of _BRIGHTOK , oa Sc ** _dai , M ocst 3 rd , 1815 . The Committee hare made every - < rr-. ngeuicnt with thc Brighton friends to ¦ render the i _^ . _xu-sion a truly pleasant one . Children under fifteen r _. - _-:-. ; s half price . Thc Trains will start from theterniinuf s _» i London Bridge at a quarter past 8 o ' clock precisely , re * _--r : _- "; _.--j fro-n Brighton at Seren in the evening , _thns _ali-.-r-ing _upivar-ls of eight hours to visit the Pavilion , Ch _.-. ii _i'ier _, Deril's _Drlce , Kemp Town , and the nttm rons othu- attractions of this pleasant town . The train -.-. _' ¦ ! arrive at New Cross at half-past eight cf clock preci * _-. h , and stay afew minutes fbr the friends in tbat neishhu . Avl'ood ; it -trill also stop at the Croydon _BtatioBjfor ti ,.- _. vknds in tliat ne _' ighbourhood . All tickets most be pairt fo :- on Friday evening , August 1 st , at the latest , as tlw _•^ _- - _. _uniittc _** -Mil not receive tickots which bare not bets : accounted i ' or . T . "SL WHEELER , Secretary .
Ad00412
_iiEXlINGTOX'S LINE . IONDOS AMj 3 SASCHESTER DIRECT _ISBEPENDENT RAILWAY , _WUh a 6 f < _Hi-.-i ,: ¦ .. gu gh the Staffordshire Potteries to Crews . _Clrovi—onaliy _roistered . —Offices ofthe Company , 29 , Moorgate- * .. v-- ! , London ; High-street , Bedford ; and ¦ _*; . Ann ' _s-square , Manchester . C 3 pital , -E 3 , _*)(* _- . _.- ; - _^ -. in 100 , 000 sharesef £ 30 each . —Deposit , £ 2 15 s . per share . Aci :- - * _-j CoMU ! TT £ E OF _MASiiGE-EKT . ( WUh :-j \ ver to add to the numbers ) . Colonel the lire . Leicester Stanhope , _AshburnhamHouse , London . Lieat-Gener _?! " - ? ir JohnForster Fitegcrald , K . C . B ., Monta . _gue-strtfet , _K-. _i-, ' _.-i- _ a _^ quare . Henry Arno l _. j . 1 _^*^ ., Uttoxeter . John Burgess >" . _* ¦ _-- _< ., horoughreere of Manchester . Jeremiah Clark . * c ' _= q ., London and Macclesfield . Major John T . i _' roii _^ _Rt-pent-streeti London . James EsdaiK K-i , Upper Bedford-place , London . 8 . Hamer . Ek ; ., iii' - Ct-neral Post-office , andSouthamptonrow , _Buss-.-li-Kpiare , London . Sir John Hai-f , i _iiigbam-place , Loudon . Richard _Hin-r . * E _«^ ., Uuccles & eld . John _Hoiiortl . Ssc , _ilnnvhester . Heat CoL H' : s _< » . mson , B . E ., F . R . S ., director of the College of Civil Engineers . D . T . Johnson , _ .- _<* ., _Aldiamary-Chnrchyard , London . Richard John ?> va . jun ., Esq ., Moorgate , London . John Joseph S _« uc . Esq ., St John ' _s-wood , London , _Dirictor of tl ; i- K _:- . _« ional Provincial Bank of Ireland . WiUiam Kin--, " _"• - •„ director of the Freemasons' Life Assurance 0 : ; _- _"'Ai . . Y . George Petti U- , us , Esq ., the Grove House , St . Cuthber t _' s aad CaM * _-f _*? ' 51 _' r . ' orjr , ik-dford . Horace W . M .-t « y . _*„ d , Esq ., B . C . L ., Middle Temple , and 8 , Chatham -pis » , l _* ndon . Captain Dond ? . - .- iiinnaird Pnlteney , Parliament-street , London . James Readc , _£ ? _- - > ., Lower Berkeley-street , London . "Major James _Saliw , K . H ., Sr . James ' s-square , London . Henry Ward * -. * . ' . * " _si ; ., Macclesfield . Esgixeee * --Sii John Rennie , F . R . S ., GeorgeRemington , Esq ., C . _l :. Bask __ . — ' - _- ¦¦ _-. M < m , Messrs . Jones , Lloyd , nud Co ., _Xiothbcry ; M _^ _-vie . _aernarn , Dimsdale , and Co ., Cornhill ; _Maiicliester , > J- _^> r _* . Jones , Lloyd , and Co . ; Manchester and - _rerpoui _iiiHiict Bank ; National Provincial Bank Of Engtrad ; "L _ivi-i-j _^ ol , _ilacckaficld , and Hanley , Manchester and j . ; _- . vrpool District Bank ; Bedford , Thomas Barnard , Esq ., _J-irirrs . Trapp and Co . Solicitors . —Mt .-srs . Sir George Stephen and Hutchinson , 29 , Moor . .- --- . ¦ - net- John Owens , Esq ., 35 . _Moorgatestreet , London ; " _- " uliam Rogers , Esq ., Bedford ; R . H . "Wilson , Esq ., _^ . _s-.-r-street , It . li . B . Cobbett , Esq ., Mute . dea-Etrcet , _Mriiwrin * « _ter . SECHCT . _* .:. - . - . — -Henry Williamcs Matthews , Esq . Local Ages ? . - * .-. William Arnold , Esq ., Uttoxeter ; and Messrs . Perron . _C-. _K-ille , and May , Town Clerks , Macclesfield ; _Leictt-fer . _,--ii-.---irs . Brown and Palmer , solicitors ; Ashby-de-la- _? . _.-, _iU _.. Edward Mortimer Green , Esq . ; Burton-npon-Trei ; :. " _. _' _r-ssrs . ' Bass and Sweeting ; Derby , Henry _—foselt-j . jun ., Esq ., coroner . THE distan _. * e « f this line , which is under 177 miles , will be :. _vi-o _* .-.-iIishod in about three and a half hoa : s , and no - * Atnion will be spared to complete the Journey iu th : _a-:- > vi-cst possible time . This line iviil in- completely independent of other lines , _maki'i-. ' , _li-. a-le , or to be made , and the delay and _inconveiA--:.-.- attendant on stoppages—the caprices of rival co _** ip _::-ihs , _ c , will be thus avoided . _ItwiUbe The Most Direct ; The Speediest ; Thc Most _Ecanoinical . And thc _pi-GUH-tt-rs feel convinced that a calm consideration of tb * - m : a-:-r on its merits will satisfy all , that C _ 3 original _inu- < . f au able engineer will be a railway of unequalled public utility , and that , if it will necessarily be an undtrt . il ; hig uf magnitude , it is , at the same time , one of large prondse , and likely to afford very great _remaneralio-i t <* * -liar _ iolde ** s . _Apphcatici-i for shares , prospectuses , ic to be made at the Offices of the Company ; or to the Solicitors , aud to the following Sharebrokers : —Mr . _ChariesCauciil . ir _. _Cushion-cenrtjOldBroAd-stjteet-. Messrs . Preeceaud Ev-nis , S , Cornhill , London ; Messrs . Houghland and Leese , Mr . Locke , and Mr . A . Birchall , Manchester ; Mr . Morris _Rj-ynolds , Liverpool ; Messrs . T . N . Bardrrell and Sons , Sheffield ; _Messra . Wellbeloved and Oastler , -Le eds ; Mr . William Tonkinson , _Newcasfls--o & der-Lyne ; Mr . E . A . _Armitage _, WakefieW ; Messrs . Grayson and _JSarlc , York ; Mr . Thomas Boardman , Black-Iram ; Mr . W . 11 . Collis , Birmingham ; Mr . Francis Stamp , Hull : Mr . L . Weatherburn , -Huddersfield ; Mr . _BichardE . Iliue , Macclcsacld ; Mr . Wm . Cronlicim , Halifiix ; Mr . Charles Spencer , Nottingham ; Mr . Samuel Eyre , Derby ; Mr . James Stokes , Cheltenham ; Mr . Joseph Clark , _yun ., _*> omira : npton ; Mr . John Thomas Holland , Coventry- Mr . William Mason , Bradford , Yorkshire ; Messrs . Payne and Freer , Leicester ; Messrs . Tate and _NbsJx , Bristol ; Mr . William _Jli ' cs , Worcester ; Mr . Xieolsoa , Edinburgh ; H . and Vf . A . i _' assic , Glasgow ; _andMi-. James Ross , _IVi-lIi . Applicatioa _*; for _sharc-e must he made in the _-usnnl fona , and accoiapaiued by a reference to the solicitors of die company , ihe _sliarelTokers , or some other respon- j siWe _perjcu .
Ad00413
_KESHXGTOX'S LIXE . LOXDOK _AXl'i _MAXCnESTER DIRECT _INDEPEX" . i DEXT RAILWAY , with a Branch through the Stat _-fcrdshiie _Pouuics to Crewe . _—Notice is hereby given , _thztno-fcnlu-r _in .- _.-li _.-. -, _* . _- ..- _! - ; for shares will be received _af—r Iht * - _y-iu day , ' :. > ii : _s ; s : it , _excrpt from parties locall y _ir-tcres' _-t . l . * . . •* :,. _> » :: p ; rr . _caui . . jis masi he made on or before _tb-J-JIJ-. h ::.- ; _:.- _! _,- . T , ~ -. ¦> - _ . ' _nJIVKY Vf . _MATTiirirS _, See .
Ad00417
THE HISTORY OF TIIE CONSULATE AND EMPIRE OF FRANCE . NOW PUBLISHING , In Weekly Numbers , price Id ., andiu Parts , price Cd ., THE HISTORY OF THE CONSULATE AND EMPIRE OF FRANCE , under Napoleon , by M . _Tiiress , Author of the " History of the French Revolution , " late President of the Council , and Member of the Chamber of Deputies . Coxditioxs . —The work wiU be neatly printed in two | columns , royal octavo , from a new and beautiful type , and on fine paper . AUo uniform with the above , in Weekly Numbers , price 12 d ., and in Monthly Parts , price Sd ., "THE PEOPLE'S 1 EDITION OF THIERS ' ' HISTORY OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION , " forming together four handsome volumes . On the completion _» f the Work , a general preface , introductory to the History of Napoleon , with Titles , Index , 4 c , will be given , thus forming a complete standard classical book of general reference , aud interesting perusal . Of the vast interest connected with the important national events which took place during the consular and imperial rule of Napoleon there can be no question . In undertaking to record the events of this momentous period , M . _Thiehs , from his high position in the state , had the good fortuOT to obtain possession of a multiplicity of original and official documents , which embrace the minutest details of all the instructions , orders , -C , dictated by Napoleon himself to his Ministers of State , Privy Councillor ? , Prefects , Marshals , aad others . Of - the success of his undertaking , the rapid sale of the three first volumes , which were issued at Paris on the 15 th of March , amounting tolfl _. OOO in one day , and the numerous editions which have been published at Brussels , Leipsic , and other places , affords the most splendid testimony . London : 6 . VlCKERS , HolyweU-street , Strand .
Ad00416
A BOOK FOR TIIE MILLION ! How publishing , to he completed in sixty numbers , at One Penny , A NEW AND ELEGANT PERIODICAL , Consisting of sixteen closely-printed pages , double-crown , and embellished with several superb Engravings by _Landells and others , entitled TALES OF SHIPWRECKS , AND ADVENTURES AT SEA , containing talented sketches of the sea and seamen , and truthful narratives of shipwrecks , fires , mutinies , famines , and every danger of tbis life of peril , rendering it the handsomest , largest , and best pennyworth ever ofi ' ered to the public . Parts 1 and 2 , now seady , containing upwards of thirty fine engravings , and one hundred and forty pages of letter-press . pricc sixpence each . The People ' s Edition of the complete works of M . Eagene Sue . Parts 1 to 7 now ready , price shtpence each . "Sow _TCndy , price two shillings and sixpence , beautifully printed , in demy octavo , on line paper , and illustrated with twenty-two engrarings , containing four hundred pages , or eight hundred columns , closely printed letterpress , the People ' s Edition of the Mysteries of Paris , by M . Eugene Sue , being the only perfect translation extant , from the last Paris edition , revised by the author , with explanatory notes by the translator , the production of which has cost the proprietor upwards of one thousand pounds . Numbers 1 to 5 of The Wandering Jew are now ready , price three half pence each . To be completed in twentyfour numbers . Order " The People ' s Edition . " People ' s Edition of Cooper ' s Novels . Each Novel , containiug- _twenty engravings , complete for one shilling , and comprise the following : — Part 1 . The Pilot . Part 5 . The Pioneers . 2 . The Spy . 6 . The Prairie . 8 . Lastof theMohicans . T . The Red Rorer . 4 . Lionel Lincoln . | 8 . The Water Witch . AU orders should specify " People ' s Edition . " A "beautiful Ornamented Case , to bind the above , pries one shilling and sixpence . Or the work may be hid in one very handsome volume , price ten sliillings , consisting of nearly one thousand octavo pages , aud two hundred engravings , beautifully printed in nonpareil type . Originally-published in twenty-four volume" * , at twelve guineas . In two handsome octavo volumes , priee twelve shillings , illustrated with ono huudred and twenty-five eugravings , Tales of _TrareUers ; or , A View of the World , giving ac counts of wonderful incidents , extraordinary marratives , strange adrenturei , and interesting passages in the lives of celebrated travellers . Just published , in one volume , octavo , handsomely bound , price five shillings , with nearly seventy engravings , an entirely new edition , revised , and nearly re-written , of the popular Romance of Dick Turpin , tho Highwayman , by Henry 7 > . Miles . In one volume , neatly bound , price five shillings , a new Historical Romance , hy a highly popular writer , illustrated witli fine engravings , founded on fact ; entitled Will Watch ; A Tale of the Coast . This highly interesting work is founded on popular facts , aud abounds with scenes and incidents of the most thrilling description , portrayed in a bold and masterly style . In one volume , price three shillings and sixpence , with fifty engravings , The Tales of Pirates ; or , Lives of Smugglers , Sic , _ c , in all parts of the globe . The following works are all uniformly bound in cloth , gilt edges , price eightpence , or , post free , one shiUing each , embellished with an outline engraving of a ground and players , Clark ' s Cricketers' Handbook , containing the history and origin of that manly gamo , an account of celebrated players , and remarkable matches , instructions to young cricketers , and the new laws of cricket—Wrestling and Pedestrianism , with fail instructions In training for athletic sports and exercises , ivith engravings . —Modem Boxing , containing the history and practice of pugilism , illustrated with numerous engravings . —Sporting Songs , containing upwards of one hundred ofthe most approved sporting songs extant . Just published , price sixpence , Every Man his Own Lawyer ; or , Complete Landlord and Tenant , hy & Barrister , containing ample instructions for agreements , leases , ejectments , _ c , _ c . Parley ' s Keepsake for 1815 . —Parley ' s Friendship ' s Offering for 1845 . —Parley ' s Forget-Me-Not for 1845 . — Each of these miniature volumes will be found to contain three or four of the gems of modern literature , and the scries is admirably adapted for prize-books and presents . One shilling and sixpence each . Clark ' s Abstract of the New Poor Law Act , price sixpence . Clark ' s New Bastardy Act , price sixpence . With full directions how to act in this emergency . The Love Match ; a work of the most humorous character , designed to _iUustrate the various conflicting influences whicli sprang from the union of Mr . and Mrs . Tom Todd , by Henry Coekton , author of Valentine Vox , Stanley Thorn , Sylvester Sound , _ c , _ c In twelve monthly parts . The Brilliant Songster , Numbers 1 to 4 , one penny each . The Brilliant Jester , one penny . Dibdin ' s Sea Songs , two numbers , one penny each . EeU ' a GaUery of ComicaUties , Numbers 1 to 5 , one penny cach . Country Agents will find it advantageous to send direct to "W . M . CLARK , 17 , Warwick-lane , City .
Ad00415
AMERICAN EMIGRATION OFFICE , 90 , Waterloo-road , Liverpool , THE Subscribers continue to despatch first-class Packets to NEW YORK , BOSTON . QUEBEC , MONTR » AL , PHILADELPHIA , NEW ORLEANS , and ST , JOHN'S , N . B . They are also Agent * for the New Lin _« of New York Packets , comprising the following magnificent ships : — "Tons . ToSaiX Qo ££ K of the West 1250 Gth July . _RocursTEn 1000 Cth August . _llOT-ri-tfcuEit 1150 6 th September . Livebpooi , 1150 0 th October , Who have also , For New York St . Patrick 1150 tons . ii u Republic 1100 „ n » Enipiro 1200 „ „ „ Sheffield 1000 „ „ Boston Lama 1000 „ „ Philadelphia Octavius 900 „ „ New Orleans Geo . Stevens 800 „ „ „ Thos . H . rerkins ... 1000 „ Fasscngers going to the Western States and Canada con know the actual outlay to reach any important point on the Lakes and Rivers by obtaining one of Tapscott ' s Emigrant ' s Travelling Guides , which cau be had by sending postage stamps for the same to George Rippard and Son , aud William Tapscott , as above .
Ad00414
K 0 TI _6 E TO EMIGRANTS . THE "Cndtrsigncd continue to _engage Passengers for _FirstClass Past-Sailing AMERICAN PACKET SHirS . which average from 1000 to 1500 Tons , for the following Ports , viz . : — SEW YORK , I BOSTON , PHILADELPHIA , | NEW ORLEANS , BALTIMORE , J BRITISH AMERICA , _ c . Emigrants in the country ca . * engage passage by letter addressed as un _. _lcriicalh ; iu wh . _i-li case tliey need net be hi Liverpool ur . til thc day before the Ship is to sail ; and *¦ _*• " _- }• will thereby avoid detention and other expenses , to-s - .-h .-5 _seccrixig a ehcaper _patr-age , and having thc best _ssB'liis _alloiU-d " to them previous to their arrival . For "• _anii _" - _! -2 _ n * cuiars apply , _p-x ' _.-jhd'l . to JAMES r . _ECKETT „ SON . 2 _iui-ti _ i « l Pruiec ' s Dock , Liverpool .
Ad00418
CHEAPEST PERIODICAL IN THE WORLD . THE WELCOME GUEST OF EVERY HOME . THE FAMILY nERALD is not onl y the cheapest but the most amusing literary miscellany ever published . It consists of interesting Talcs ; extraordinary Advenveuturcs ; wonderful Narratives ; remarkable Events ; moral , familiar , and historical Essays ; select Poetry ; instructive Biographies ; comic Sketches ; amusing Allegories ; the wisest Sayings of the wisest Men ; important Facts ; useful Advice for Self-improvement ; salutary Cautions ; scientific Discoveries ; New Inventions ; Hints to Housekeepers ; practical Recipes ; diverting Sports and Pastimes ; ingenious Puzzles and Riddles ; facetious Sayings ; humorous Jokes , ic , affording agreeable and harmless recreation for all the members of a family . Wisdom and cheerfulness , mirth and propriety , are here pleasingly blended together in a manner never hitherto attempted ; and , wliile morality is inculcated with the attractive case of familiar conversation with an old friend , useful lessons are taught without tha aid _eitlier of austerity or a stern countenance . This wonderfully cheap Supplement to every Newspaper is adapted for all classes , tastes , and ages—grave or gay , rich or poor . It contains sometliing of everything—Facts and Philosophy for Gentlemen , Hints and Entertainments for Ladies , Questions and Problems for Youth . A publication combining knowledge witli gladness has long been wanted ; and as a proof ofthe great popularity of the Family llEBALn , it has , in a Tery few months , become a general favourite and the most extensively circulated of the English Periodicals , liaving met with a hearty welcome in every nook ofthe empire—being equally encouraged in the Mansion , thc Cottage , the Play-ground , and the Workshop . No politics—no party spirit—no controversy—no _perssnalities—no ribaldry . Sold in Weekly Numbers at Osb Penny , in Monthly Parts at Sixpence , and in Yearly Volumes . May be had by order of every Bookseller and Dealer in Periodicals . Vol . II ., just published , price only 7 s . 6 d ., is the only English Periodical that contains all that has yet appeared in Paris of Eugene Sue ' s wonderful romance of tho _iruHdering Jew , and upwards of a hundred other highly-interesting Tales . The Wandering Jew appears in Parts 15 to 27 , stitched in neat covers , price 6 s . Cd . - , or in Numbers ( 63 to 11 " > , price as . unbound . A contemporary , in reviewing this popular periodical , says : " It is certainly a very wuU-selccted miscellany of most entertaining and instructive reading . Wo warmly recommend the Family Herald . It is—what wo can say of so fexr of the cheap periodicals now-a-days—it is a safe hook to admit within the sacred procincts of the family circle . " Part 25 , being the first of a New Volume , was published in June . The present is a favourable opportunity to commence . The Public arc earnestly _ss-licited to TRY A SINGLE NUMBER . London : Published by G . Bices , 421 , Strand , and may be had of all _llooksellari .
Ad00419
RICHARDSON , MANUFACTURING CUTLER , ESTABLISHED 1805 , Near the Church , Kensington . G ARDENERS'Pruning , Grafting , nnd Budding Knives iu Sheath , ls . Cd . each ; shut ditto , 3 s . each . " These knives are made of * io best materials ; I always use them . "—Vide the late Wm . Cobbett in his English Gardener . Best made Razors , Black Handles , 6 s . the case , or 3 s . each ; mounted in Ivory and Silver ditto , 10 s . the case , or 5 s . each ; Good Black Handled Knives and Forks , 12 s . per Dozen ; Ivory Handled Ditto equally reasonable . _Ricuaboson ' s _Newlt-inventeo Knife Boards , warranted to keep knives with a good edge and clean , and also to give the forks a fine polish between tho prongs _. Three-foot Boards , cased with Leather and Cutlers' Composition , 5 s . 6 d . each ; Gardeners' Ditto , ' 2 s . By enclosing a Post-office order prompt attention may be relied on . Goods sent to any part of thc world , N . B . Wholesale and Retail .
The Land.
THE LAND .
I Hereby Direct That Alimonies Payable T...
I hereby direct that alimonies payable tomo , as treasurer to the Chartist Co-operative Land Fund , must he transmitted as follow * : —Either hy Bank order or "Post-ofiice order , to the " care of Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., 340 Strand , London ; " and payable to me , "Vf . V . Itoberts . " That is , that my signature shall be required to each order . This direction is plain . For instance , say ' that Edward Hobson , of Ashton , has £ 10 to transmit ; he is to transmit thc same to Mr . O'Connor , by Bank letter or Post-office order , made payable to W . P . Roberts . That order I can sign when I go to London , or when a parcel of them are sent to me . The two only things required to secure the triumph of Labour ' s battle are , union among the working classes , and undeviatiiij ;
honesty and punctuality on the part of those who have the management of their affairs . I therefore adopt this plan , that we may have upon each other as many 6 alutary checks as possible . This is advisable , as much for our own mutual satisfaction , as for the satisfaction of the subscribers . I therefore request that these plain and simple instructions may be punctually attended to in all cases . To save additional postage , cach letter containing a money order , may also eontain a list of the respective sums , and all other information ncccs . _sary for tiie general secretary , Mr . Wheeler , to have ; which letter Mr . O'Connor will duly forward to him . This done , there can bo no puzzle about the accounts ,
W . P . Kobertb , Treasurer . All orders should be made payable at 180 , Strand , London . —Vf . F . R . f The above mods has been adopted at my suggestion , in consequence of the endless trouble I have had , owing to some parties _sentliug mo Post-office orders payable to my order ; and some to Mr . Roberts * order .. Onset vance of the above very simple rule will insure uniformity , satisfaction , and protection . There is a difficulty at the branch Post-offices about getting monies , when the orders are not signed by the persons to whom they are mads payable . Fkaboos O'Conho ** .. ]
The Northern Star. Saturday, July 2(5, 1815.
THE NORTHERN STAR . SATURDAY , JULY 2 ( 5 , 1815 .
Earl Grey: Manners Sutton: And
EARL GREY : MANNERS SUTTON : AND
GENERAL JACKSON . Wb beg to direct attention to the Memoir that appears in another portion of this sheet , of the " Re forming-Minister , " who insolently avowed his determination to " stick by Ai * order , " when he wished to curb thc democratic spirit , of which he had professed himself to be a " leader . " That Memoir will wel ' repay perusal ; particularly the lucid and racy review of his acts as Minister , made by one well able to judge , and as w _» U able to speak . The young
Reformers of the present day will learn something from that sketch , of the nature of thc times through which their elder brethren have had to pass , and 0 * _^ the difficulties and dangers that beset their path * They will also learn something of the character of the man in whom the nation onco reposed confidence for a thorough Reform of the Commons House ; and learn also not to trust the next Reform into tho hands of any one man , or any one set of men , that can be got together . The next Reform must be the people's own .
Since Earl Gret was " gathered to his fathers , another important actor in the stirring events of British history , — "Green bags , " "Six Acts , " " Queen Caroline , " "Currency Laws , " " Emancipation , " and " Reform , " —has slipped off the stage of existence . We mean Manners _Suirou , late Speaker of the llouse of Commons , but lately _siielvhd in the House of Lords , under the title of Viscount Cahterburt . Ho was seized with a fit of apoplexy when travelling on the Great Western Railway on Sunday _morniag , and died on Monday afternoon , having never spoken from tho time he was found in the railway carriage to the time he ceased to breathe , We had intended to give a notice of this nan ' s career , as a sort of memory-jogger of the acts against public liberty to which , as Speaker , he was party ; but we find ourselves compelled to reserve it till another
occasion . In an article , on Earl Grey ' s character as a Peer and as a Minister , the Globe of Monday has the folowing :- — "Almost contemporaneous with Lord Grey ' s has been the deeease of the famous General Jackson—thc representative of a later and worscr school of statesmanship than that of the Minister of Reform . Wc do not for a moment disguise our hope that the aristoeratical clement in English institutions —however modified—however purified , or recruited —will survive to check the exaltation of mere momentary popular will as the sole power of government—that exaltation which Andrew Jackson did his part to accelerate and consummate precisely by the same means and stages as we find it was done in the commonwealths of antiquity .
The strongest sign of the progress of " ochlocracy " in the Greek commonwealths , was the multiplication , and , as it were , public scramble for petty offices , and the adoption of a system of rotation instead of election , and of vapid succession in those offices , intended to gratify the universal thirst for an actual share in power . This idea of rotation has been put forth in the late General _^ Jackson ' s Messages , precisely from the same motive as prompted _^ it ( though he probably knev _** nothing about that ) in the States of Greece . And General Jackson carried out into actual practice thc same principle , so far as it consisted in making all places _Ciiiiiisc hands , for the gratification oi' Uri humbiost ambitions , by ' caiTvin- "
Earl Grey: Manners Sutton: And
further than ever had been done before liim , on attaining power , a clean sweep of every holder of even the lowest public office . In like manner tho downward movement of democracy in the several States has tended to abridge the duration , and change thc holders , ' even of judicial offices . We shall be quite content to contrast the character and acts of Andrew Jackson , the sturdy democrat of Republican America , with the character and acts of the proud , aristocratic , " unbending" _EarlGrkv ; and to this end we shall , next week , give thc reader some idea of _wlio and what Axduew Jackson was ,
and what he did to save his country from the English aristocrats and the jobbing Jews : and also some few other facts , in addition to those we publish this day , to Jet the young reader know the true character of the Earl " NEPOTIST" whom the Globe so ardently admires . For once we will have real patriotism , manly independence , and true genius , —both military and statesman-like , —in contrast withtriiculence , perfidy , and a hungry grasping at public money , combined with a total disregard of the interests of the nation . If the Globe had been wise , he would not have provoked the exhibition .
Beneficial Effects Of "Secure Tenure." T...
BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF "SECURE TENURE . " TnEnB is no question tliat lias , vof late , _niatlc such rapid progress in the public mind , as that of the application of labour to the soil , as a means of" relieving the "Jabour-inarket" of the " surplus" almost constantly struggling tliere for a •¦ SHARE" of thc " fund" wherewith Capitalists set Labour to work . It is true that the question , in onc shape or other , has been before the public for a long period of time : but it is only of late years , when the operation of our
currency crotchets and the effects of machinery made it necessary for us to look out for other modes of employing the labour of our people , that the only mode which can never be susperseded or rendered valueless has beon entertained by those who arrogate to themselves the title of " the World's governors . " "More than fifty years ago Thomas _Spence promulgated liis Agrarian theory that "the land is the people ' s farm ; " and proposed that thc nation sliould resume national possession , that the people might become _possessox-s of such amounts as they could respectively cultivate , under a commonwealth
Government . Tiiomas Painb too , about the same time , wrote his "Agraxian Justice . " Robebt Owen , from the first day of his appearance in public with plans for the amelioration of social evils to the present hour , has alwsys made the possession of the soil the groundwork on -which to build his " new structure of society ; " and William Cobbitt , the great teacher of political truths for a half century , was enthusiastically attached to the land , always preaching up the system of Small Farms as alone conducive to a nation ' s greatness and secuxity , and directing the whole force of his bitter scorn and scathing satiro
against thc large-faim-bull-frog * system , wliich Papermoney had erected on the ruins of that mode of occupation of which England had reason to be proud , because it promoted real substantial freedom and happiness . All these authors and teachers , laid down and maintained the general principle that the application of a large amount of the labour of a people to the soil of their country , would secure the greatest amount of riches to each individual member of the community , ami render the aggregate independent and free of all other people ; and the two latter , Owe . v and Cobbett , exhibited in detail the modes of
using the sou when in possession , so as to yield the best return for the labour and capital expended on it . Cobbbtt , it is well known , did much to improve both Agricultural and Horticultural sciences . To him we mainly owe the successful cultivation of the Swede Turnip . He was also the introducer of many plants , shrubs , roots , and trees , now in constant growth ; and ho has left behind him instructions , — plain , simple , and understandable , —for the management of gardens , of woodlands , and of small allotments , which will hold a place as long as tho language lasts . When he first published his Cottage
Economy , wherein hc gave instructions how a labourer might maintain a cow out of a very small garden , he was laughed at , sneered at , abused : still thc work was there—is there still ; and noxv we find that scores have proved thc full practicabilty of all he proposed . Mr . Owen has also always advocated Spade Husbandry , as the most profitable mode of cultivation . He has not only advocated this mode , but shown its superiority in practice , in the experiments of Fall * and others . For now just upon thirty years has this Reformer been dinging into the ears ofthe public that the mode of culture at present
_pOTS-actl is most , "wasteful and unprofitable , compared with that which , wliile it returned an immensely greater aggregate of wealth , would also employ that portion ofthe population whicli our "high state of civilisation" has doomed to unwilling idleness . Wc certainly are not entitled to say that these teachings were in vain : for we behold the effect of them at thc present day is _Tnu _imfboved mind op the country , particularly on this very subject of the allocation of the soil . Solomon has said : "Cast thy bread on the waters , and it shall be seen after many days . " In teaching a nation , this is always so .
A people cannot be moved like a few individuals . A stone thrown into a pond may cause a violent commotion of the placid surface where it drops ; and it will even agitate tho whole body of water to its utmost verge ; but tho undulations , as they recede from thc centre of turmoil , become " small by degrees and beautifully less , " until they are scarcely perceptible at all . So with society . The words of wisdom have to be iterated , and reiterated again , and again , and ; again to that , times without number : but as " constant dropping wears away stone , " so a constant enforcement of a truth forces it on the attention of one , and then of another , until in the end society as a whole receives and adopts that which , when first enunciated , was met
with general denunciation and scorn . Thus has it been with the general teachings of the parties we have named . Those teachings have been "bread cast on thc waters ; " and wo ofthe present day "see " them . The general ideas so long inculcated have seized hold ofthe public mind ; have become reflected therein .. The Reformers of the present day , therefore , who make the general occupancy of the soil the basis of their remedial measures for social evils , have comparatively an easy task . The general principle is grounded to tlieir hands : they have but to apply proper and harmonious details , and the result of the labours of those Reformers who have gone from off the stage of existe nce , and those who now occupy their place , will bo exhibited in successful practice .
We mean not to contend that the conviction , —tliat such a direction of capital and tho energies of the producers as that contemplated by the Land-Reformers would be nationally beneficial , —has become universal . On the contrary , wo have bitter reason to know that such is not the fact . The virulent opposition which the proposal , even now , in thc advanced state of the public mind in regard to the question , receives at the hands of the envious , the ignorant , and the interested , is proof that unanimity does not exist . There arc a class of oppositionists who will denounce anything nnd everything with which parties to whom they have personal dislikes aro connected . Another set arc so envious of everybody ' s success before the public , that they cannot
afford to examine the merits of any plan of operations that may be proposed—but _) condemn all wholesale , plan , projectors , adopters , and advocates . To these have to be added those who fancy that their own position , cither socially or pecuniarily , would be deteriorated by placing the mass of the people in a situation of comfort and enjoyment . These three classes of objectors have to be contended with . To attempt to reason with them , 11 _'OIlM lie throwing your cap against the wind . What argument would avail with thc fir st ? Conld you hope to make those who allow tlieir own personal _;«'/• «« to influence tlieir public conduct , to tiie rejection of entire measures because certain individuals ave connected therewith ; could you hope to make these lister . to r cposterous ! Could you hope lu
succeed betterwith the envious class ? with thepoor creatures who are utterly unable to make their way in the world—but who , stung to madness at the consciousness of their own inferiority , are yet filled with " envy , malice , and all _uncliaritablcncss" even to bursting ? Would the most logical propositions that ever were framed have effect on the understanding or conduct of these men ? Nothing of the sort . Same-like with the interested . With these too , it is a matter of feeling-a , matter of fear that their bullfroggedncss will be reduced in size , by the enlargement of the store of the labourer . To all these ,
argument would be thrown away . But then there is also another class—those who are well-disposed as things go , but who have not had opportunities of informing themselves of the real object of the Land . Reformers , nor the mode of operations they propose . This class is open to reason . Argument , when addressed to these , is not out of placo . Nay indeed it is necessary . Thc cunning and the crafty of the interested oppositionists , know this very well : and well do they ply the weapons of their craft to poison tlieir minds . Talk of tho benefits that must accrue from a large number of small holdings ,
under circumstances that must cause labour to be well applied , and that cannot fail of securing a more than adequate return ; show how this can be easily , cheaply , and immediately accomplished , and the crafty will bid you " look to Ireland , asd see the _EFl'KCTS OP SMALL HOLDINGS AXD SUBD 1 _VIDIXGS TiiEllE ' . " And with the uninformed and tho unre . lcct . ng this is an answer . They know that holdings there are small ; and they know also that with such small holdings there exists a state of things more unendurable than the condition of nine-tenths of the barbarous savages , of the forest and the desert !
Witliout looking further ; witliout diving beneath the surface thus presented ; witliout waiting to inquire whether this horrible state of things be a consequence of the great subdivision of land that there obtains , or whether it be not the effect of other causes which could easily be got rid of , without" adding liouse to liouse and field to field" for one man ; without waiting to do this , tho superficial and the unreflecting conclude tlieir minds against tho proposed Small Farm System here , persuading themselves that thc plan , if acted on , could only make bad worse . And thus is the cause of the interested served !
This instance of Ireland has becomo one of the stock-arguments of the Lcagne » opposers of the Land project . Itwas first used by these very kind " friends and fathers of the poor ; " and its use is almost exclusively confined to them . Still with them it is ready at every turn . It will therefore be well to blunt the edge of it , by not only exposing its fallaciousness , as applicable to the proposed mode of allocation on the soil—but also by adducing a full example of tho working of the proposed principle where an entire population are placed through its operation in circumstances far _supexior to those of any other population in the ivhole world ! This wc shall just now do .
Ireland is no " examplo" at all . The requisites we ask for are not there . The first , the main onc we seek , as the inducement to labour and improve _, ment , " fixity op texure , " is wholly absent in the case of thc small landholders of that country . They are tliere mere " tenants-at-will ; " holding on from year to year only from the fear that" wild retributive justice" will avenge with death the attempt to " clear' ! them off . In addition to this , there is thc accursed system of " middlemen" and "subletting . ' The abseutee landlord , caring nothing for the management of " his" estatos , provided that he gets the means
of spending from them , "lets" to a heartless bru . talised " middleman , " who treats the tenantry under 7 h _'» i to every exaction that the wit of sordid cupidity can devise . And this case ; this scandalous and unmatchable case ; this crying disgrace of both government and people ; this instance of the most gross abuse of tho " rights of property" that thc world ever saw ; tliis case , is adduced by the League opposers of the Land plan , as a sample ol the condition to whieh the promoters of that plan seek to reduce thc people of England ! Was there ever such an instance of glaring imposition ? Wc ask for such an allocation of the soil , that each that chooses can apply his whole labour to as much of it ,
and no more , as he can well cultivate ; we ask that full and entire possession of that amount of land shall be ceded to him ; we ask for a tenure that shall make IT HIS for his lifetime , and his child ' s or children ' s after him . ; we ask that he may be secure of possession , and thus have every inducement to work and improve , knowing that what he is doing is for hixxxself , and not for others ; * we ask for such arrangements as shall enable him to exjoi the _fxiiits of his own industry—and we aro put off by a reference to the condition of the Irish mud-hovel in-dwellers , where none of thc conditions we seek aro to be found , beyond the bare possession for tho time being of a portion of the soil whereon to grow wealth for _nthr-. r . _if
Thus we show that the case of Ireland is not applicable to our case . Indeed we advocate our own plan no less as a remedy for the infernal evils of subletting and want of tenure in Ireland , than for the improvement iii the condition of our own population . And now we proceed to show what effect a _gcnex-al application of thc principles wc enforce has had on thc condition of a whole people . We know the advantage ofa good "CRY : " so do the League opposers of the Land plan . " Ireland" has become their " cry , " against Small Farms : we will now furnish one that will make every uttcrcr of that " cry" blush crimson when he is told of it . It will be for the advocates ofthe Land plan to take care that thoy remain no longer in ignorance of the facts now adduced .
Thc " case" that we are about to quote , is not that of a people of a very distant' country . Wc shall not send the inquirer to China , or Timbuctoo , to find out whether what we say bo true or not . Nor shall we send him on tothe continent of Europe ; no , nor even so far as Ireland . It is to a British Isle ; to a portion of our own dominions , within a short distance of every portion of our own shores , that we shall direct attention .
The ground work of the article wc are about to quote , was contained in two papers published in Toil ' s Magazine for February and April , 1839 , by an inhabitant of the Isle in _question . From those papers an article was prepared for Chambers ' s Journal of the 0 th of April , 1 S 39 ; and it is to the facts contained in that article that we arc about to appeal . The writer in Chambers ' s opens thus : — SIXOULAR MODE OF TEXAXTIXO I . AXD IX OUBRXSBV .
I he island of Guernsey , situated on the coast of France , but belonging to Great Britain , has a surface of twenty-four square miles , or 15 , 300 acres , two-thirds of ivhieh oxxly are capable of cultivation , and yet it contains 24 , 3-19 of population , BEING AT THE UNEXAMPLED RATE OF A THOUSAND TOTHE SQUARE MILE , onnorethan three L „ tiie ratio of Belgium , whichis usually represented as the most densely peopled country in the world , Makin _* _* _- every allowance for a busy town , whieh draws support from commerce and from fishing , and contains 1476 inhabited houses , the population of Guemev , as a small of
piece agricultural territory , must still be considered as a singular phenomenon-one of wliich it is well worth while to inquire into tho causes . A writer , resident m the island , has an _iufcercstin " paper on this subject in a late number of Tail ' s Edinburgh Magazine , from which it would appear that the chief if not sole cause of the extraordinary poimlous xxcssof tlicrural part of Guernsey , is a mode _ofoccupyim _landptexdxar to this part ofthe British dominions , and to some of tne _neighbouring islands . Itis , wc _lielieve , the ancient Norman mode of land-tenure or _sometlnnglittle different from it , anilitspraetieoiii trucrnsey is ot many centuries' standin " . Wellhere is somethin °
, g startling tobegin with : « population of a thousand to the square mile ! We hear a great cry here about " surplus population ; " about liaving " too many mouths for tlic food we have •' We hear this on ovovylianu , in this _comparativelv unpopulated countiy : ami if these erics he true , prav in what plight must the Islanders of Guernsey be ' * There they arc , stuck all of a heap , _bcin-. _TllREF TIMES more ou the same extent of . sm _* iL than is giTen ior the » most ¦ _Uwly n _„* , Miale , l mmh . vi ] 1 the _Worlu » ! _Iliivi _,,, _„„ _,,.,, . _,, „ fi _, > . _^ _^ _-wtomulimr nmnlwr « , v M _* v , ! _,- _( , « Km sec * _,, „ . ' . Mon ! l { uliir _* . i .. f _/ . ' _* , V « , llVoriolii , IsflaHd ;_ .
Tho letting of land by a landlord to a tenant * known in . this island . When a proprietor _chcW _- depute the cultivation of lus ground , or , astir ,,. 'to goos in Guernsey , to give it to rent , he submits im e species of sale , or what , at least , would be ci _. rs , i a as a sale in this country . All land is _eoiisiilJfr divided into lots called quarters , a quarter bei » . r ,. _? . valent to twenty pounds of Guernsey currency vf ' pose that A possesses land to the value ol ' twt * lvt , i _)'*' ilred pounds , or sixty quarters , and wishes todiJ ., " ofit to B , he conveys it to that individual , cither _ivii _^ out receiving any cash , or receiving _( ivliich is the m- ! _' " common case ) one-fourth of thc value in hand _jr cash has been paid , A receives interest at five , ' cent , for the whole £ 200 ; namely , £ 1 $ _*" annum ., which may be considered as the rent _^ l a fourth of thc purchase-money had been advance he receives only £ 45 , being the interest of tho hop tion allowed to rest with tlio purchaser . " ' j _* j , _,. V * son , " says our authority , " why it-is usual to > . t
onc-lourtn part ot tne purchase money m cash j that such payment may be some guarantee to A _dw Bwill faithfully work the estate , and pay ]; j . _- '' regularly ; for , should the rent full in avrcar , iilcllj ( by a process called saisie , may totally eject lj { . ' the property , and the three hundred pounds paid |» B when the contract was passed would be Jest to him for ever . In this manner , then , is the seller ov l ! m lord secured in thc receipt of the _cquivub-t for wliich lie has parted with the estate . * "As soon as thc contract between the parties * executed , B becomes , to aH intents and purposes , a | _,, solute proprietor of the soil ; and so Jong as he [ _iny s his quarters , hc never can be evicted ; nay , move , iiC
can fell timber , convert meadow into arable , and nn . blc into meadow , and perform any and every act that a tenant in fec-sinip ] c can do in England . 'J'h 8 _w . tato , thus acquired , descends to the heirs ofthe _jiurchascr , and , on failure of direct issue , to his _neaivst of kin . Sometimes these auuual quarters ave _matlo permanent , hut most frequently they arc icdeeimhk by certain instalments , as the buyer and seller may have agreed . " The descent of these tenant-properties , as w « may call them , is not regulated by tho law of primogeniture ; neither is it quite free of this law , but appears to be conducted upon a sort of medium , between the evils on both sides . " Thc eldest son takes the prin .
cipal house , and from sixteen to twenty perches of land , on which the outbuildings may be supposed to stand ; this thc law gives him exclusively , and lie also has the right to keep all the land attachciUo the house in a ring fence , and not separated from it by . public road ; but whatever ho takes over and above the sixteen to twenty perches , he must account for it to his brothers and sisters , by paying them thc value of this excess in money . B y tliis plan the estates in Guernsey are never so subdivided as to produce in . convenience , nor are they ever so consolidated as to produce injustice . "
This mode , it is clear , cannot bo wholly introduced here , at lwst for some time ; but the mode that next approaches it , in spirit , intent , and effect , is the very one proposed by the Land Society—tliat of leasing in perpetuity . Under such a lease , the land would be , to all intents and purposes , tiie holtWs own , minus the rent , or " quarters , " ho would have to cay to the purchaser of the fee-simple . His _temix-e would be just as secure—which is tho very thing needed to induce hiin to work for himself , and to improve the quality and capabilities of his land . The Guernsey _, man is secure : he is not like thc small Irish holderat the will and mercy of the veriest rascal that hell could turn out . Let us see what this " security of tenure" does for him : —
A great subdivision and a very thorough cultivation ofthe land have been the consequence of this system . "The estates , " says our author , " arc small , none exceeding seventy acres ; and tlic average axxxount of land attached lo each house in the country , inaji 64 computed at five English acres . Tins minutk _sunmviSIOX CAUSKS THE WHOLE 1 _SLAXH TO UK CULTIVATED as A garden ; not an inch of available soil is lost , and even the hedges are planted with ftrrze for winter fuel . The crops are abundant , and far exceed those of England . Thc average produce of wheat per acre is thirty-three Winchester bushels , and as much as fifty-five to sixty have been raised . Five hundred bushels of potatoes per acre arc the ordinary produce , and the hay crops average three tons and n half , English weight . Twenty-two tons of parsnips per acre arc considered a fair crop : 2500
milch cows are kept , _^ ickmvg an annual revenue , in milk and butter , of - £ 32 , 520 ; 550 cows are annually exported to Eii » land _> and the same number of cattle slaughtered forborne consumption . Vegetables , fruit , poultry , eggs , and cyder , arc most abundant , and of excellent quality . Now , the question , the commercial question , arising out of these facts , is simply this ; Where , in Great Britain or Ireland , can bo found 10 , 000 acres equally productive ? Let it not be said that the islands have richer land , a more _favoux-able clixnule , or better implements of husbandry : this is not the fact : they have , moreover , many disadvantages , as -tremendous gales of wind in winter , am \ scorching droughts in summer ; but they have onc paramount superiority , and thai is their system of landed tenure—tiie true source of their agricultural wealth .
Here are facts ! What will the adduccrs of thc case of " Ireland " say to them ? Tho land is " subdivided . " "Thc average amount is five acres to cach house ; " and this causes the whole Island to k cultivated like a garden ! Look at the estimate of produce ! Remember too , that " it is not fact' tliat the Guernsey people have richer land , a moro favourable climate , or better implements than we have . What will the adduccrs of the case of " Ireland" say to all this ? How can they get over the facts hero narrated ? But the best of all is to come . We have still to see
what tiie effect of all this is , on Tnu _coxditiox of thc entire population . We hare to see whether any of the characteristics of the Irish mud-hovcUystcm are to be ftund , in connection with this entire subdivision of the country into five-acre farms with a _secux-c texture . We have to see whether the Guernsey people are compelled to live on " " - . urn-En" potatoesa sort that even the rooks will not feed 011 ! We have to sec whether they aro compelled to bed with the pig , and to share thc meal with it—it being by
far the most important member of the family ! Wo have to see whether the females have to go just naked , with only an old apron tied on in front , ami forced to hide themselves when a stranger approaches the " dwelling S" Wc havo to see whether this be ihe case with the Guernsey "holders , " as it is with Irish ones ; or whether they are like thc Hampshire labourers , starving on Is . a week out of the Union , or starving on Poor Law diet in the Union . _IVo have to sec this : and hero are tho _meeas oi
judging t—The rent of land in Guernsey , oxprcssed in English terms , is never less than live pounds per English aero ; and it is a very rare case indeed , if it ever falls in arrear . The landlord is seldom disappointed in thc regular receipt of his income . * * * We shall now _proccod to thc moral influence produced on the people by this system of tenure . Oiw of its first consequences is to raise the standard of virtue—to inspire the whole population with a manly and inilepemlent spirit— und to destroy that cringing adulation and fawning servility , wliich leases for years havo necessarily _engendered among the tenantry of England .. All men have admitted that the
institution ot property is the basis of civilisation , This principle being acknowledged sound by universal consent , it follows that whatever counteracts its expansion must be vicious , anil that whatever _promotes its extension must be nationally beneficial . The bare possession of property on a doubtful tenure is scarcely a good : it is essential that the _possenivii should be secure ; and if security for a term of jears be desirable , much more so must it be for permanent enjoyment . Now , the plan of leases for seven , fourteen , or twenty-one years , together with tenancies from year to yea r or at will , is bad in principle , as they merely convey a temporary interest determinable at a date specified ; the working farmer thus becomes a bird of passage , without a fixed home-He may bo prudent _, industrious , ami _snhm _*—a fflioil
father , a good husband , a good master , a good _neig hbour , and a good citizen ; but these virtues avail him nothing ; he lives in a state of agricultural servitude , and , at the expiration of his lease , the caprice of suite of - his landlord may expel him from his form . Far different is the condition of tho Guernsey-man . Once possessed of land , hc oa ' n never lose it , excep t by his own fault ; he has onlv to pay thc sti ptilatol quarters of rent , and he continues absolute lord of the property ; ho feels proud of his position , ami the spirit of independence is within him ; he has a sol " stake in the country , though it may bo small ; l ' can say with honest pride , "This house is mine I that field is mine ; and when I die , thc law will S- _^ them to my children . "
This system of tenure prompts ' lo industry , «» _ct'" rages _econoxxuj , and _repx-esses intemperance . A " ¦• "J liaving naid down in cash one-fourth of tlio _ralim « the land lie holds , is stimulated bythe most powerlm impulse to redeem thc annual quarters , niul _ili-jeni' ' _!' " - his estate from thc payment of rent . In the Vf . . ; i person so _ciretiinstaticed _, labour loses its _i-epiu _* - " ? character , for ho feels that he is working for _/'• '¦ ¦ ' •' . _•}( Ho has an object constantly before his mind _w'htf hc steadily pursues . Tiie propensity _todrimkcni' -V so fatal to the working-classes of Great Brit ** * j counteracted with the Guerusoynum by thedes uf t _^ Ihe opportunity of acquirintj a disencumbered fo" _'' . _^ property- ? * * * Wc may with ti * " 1-
~ ~ T ~ \\- -.";:• * L Here Appeal S To ...
~ _~ T ~ \\ - -. _"; : * l here appeal s to be a ru _.-enil >! a > ce betwixt - " _*• * _iiid that of il-: ' :. , / _-a-oui . di _t _rjcutiaai _' ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 26, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_26071845/page/4/
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