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October 26, 1850. THE NORTHEllN STAR # '
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ireiann.
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The Potato _ Crop. —The farmers, in aU d...
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BOBBERY AT SOUTHEND. At tbe Rochester Se...
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Borough Gaols.—It is declared by an act ...
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THE BURGLART IN|THB REGENT'S PARK. There...
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Court-martials at Bombat.—The court-mart...
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THE PATENT LAWS. ,( ~ meetuigf convened ...
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Change for a Sovereign.—At Schauffhausen...
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HOW TO USE THE LAND/ O* readers will rec...
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THE MINERS' CONFERENCE. (Continued from ...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Lord Goucn.—The Freedom Of Tho Burgh Of ...
Harbour , and the laying of the foundation stone o f he Wood Asylum for Mariners . Ixtensive prepaations of a most complete and admirable nature fcad been made , with the " view of imparting a fitting * lat to the celebration . The arrangements were made conjointly hy the magistrates of the burgh and the trustees of the late Sir Gabriel Wood . Full j _aasonic honours attended tbe ceremonies in both a 3 es , Sir Michael Shaw Stewart , tho Provincial flrand Master , presided , while , in the caseof the and
ock , the claims of * tha magistrates councU , as the representatives of the community , were duly _reaognised , and an important part assigned them in thebnsmess , therelativeprOYincesofthetwobodie 8 being adjusted in the most amicable manner . _Appropriate addresses weredelirered at the ceremonies , and the ceremonials of layiug the last stone of tbe Pocks and the first of the Asylum will he long remembered , not only by those who took a part therein , but by the countless numbers who attended to witness them .
October 26, 1850. The Northelln Star # '
October 26 , 1850 . THE _NORTHEllN STAR _# '
Ireiann.
ireiann .
The Potato _ Crop. —The Farmers, In Au D...
The Potato _ Crop . —The farmers , in aU direcfions . are taking advantage of the present fine weather , to dig out and secure their potato crop , which , in general , is yielding far better than had been anticipated . Kerry , and perhaps one or two Other counties , form lamentable exceptions ; bnt , taking one district with another , the crop of the present year will be sufficient to supply the markets at moderate rates daring the winter and spring . The blight ceased altogether about the middle of September ; and , although the tubers are small in many gelds where the growth had been stopped , the loss by disease does not , on the average , exceed a fourth , and the produce of sound potatoes may be considered abundant in some districts , and very satisactory in the aggregate .
The Irish Romas Catholic Usivebsitt . —The Roman Catholic prelates , forming the permanent committee to arrange the preliminaries for the erection of a university in this country , held a meeting eo Thursday last , when committees and sub committees were appointed and secretaries were named . The sub-committe _* , consisting of Archbishop _Cullen and several clergymen and laymen , are to address circulars to all the clergy of the United Kingdom , soliciting donations and subscriptions , as well from themselves as from others through tbem ; and
the same sub-committees are to prepare " an address io the several nations of Christendom calling on them to aid tbe present effort of the Catholics of Ireland . " It was also resolved tbat " a sufficient -Dumber of clergymen be appointed to make collections throughout the Catholic world . " A subscription list was opened at the meeting , when several bishops , and archbishops liberally subscribed . The total amount already subscribed is abont £ 2 , 000 . including £ 100 from Mr . Bianconi ( celebrated for his improvements in travelling by cars throughout tbe country , ) and a similar sum from other laymen .
Ths Freeman says . : "Missionaries will visit the eountry—the several continental states , America , the British colonies—all lands in which learning and catholicity are valued—and lay before the sympathising inhabitants the case of Ireland—the rescripts of his holiness—the project of tbe university—and appeal for the support requisite to carry ont an undertaking important , not to Ireland alone , but to the whole catholic world . _RKDUcnosoF Rests . —The movement ia slow , but gradually , landlords , in most parts of Ireland , are conceding _are-adjustment of their rents , gene-Tally in proportion _^ to existing prices . It is a great misfortune that this salutary and equitable arrangement has been SO long delayed : and that , even still
many landlords endeavour to hold by the old rents , or rather the name of the former rental . The Wexford Independent mentions that Lord Carew , the lieutenant of the county , has made an abatement of ten per cent , to such of his tenantry as shall have _<* paid one year ' s rent on or before the 31 st of December next ; and that his lordship offers besides " a bonus of 10 s . per Irish acre for every acre on which green crops ( potatoes excepted , ) to be consumed on the farm , shall be cultivated , and shall ihave received the proper attention during their growth , " _Emigration . —The tide of Emigration is conthraed as vigorously as ever . Prom Kerry considerable numbers were proceeding io Cork and limerick , to embark for the United States .
John _O'Coxsbll asd the Kepresestation of "Lmebick _. —The limerick Chronicle contains the following significant hints relative to the representation of Limerick : — _"AVe __ understand that Mr . John O'Connell , MP ., in his reply declining the invitation cf out worthy Mayor , to the meeting of last Wednesday , pointedly referred hi 3 worship to his published address to the constituency _^ written nearly twelve months ago , tendering his resignation , and calling on the citjieus of Limerick to elect another representative in his stead _, lie adds , that the reasons wbich induced him to adopt that step , in place of being removed , had acquired additional force since that period , and with those his declared viewsbefore ths constituency _, no blame _ought to attach to him for absenting himself on the _occasion . He further states , lie has no intention of going over to attend
Parliament in the ensuing session , and thathe has no influence whatsoever with government , and consequently couldrender no assistance to our fellow-citizens , on a snbject of such deep and pressing interest as the establishment of the Transatlantic Packet Station at this port . It is quite evident from the tone of his letter that , independently of the private reasons which appear to actuate him , that on public grounds Mr . O ' Connell fee ' _ssensibly theinjustieeandimpropriety of _leaving so large and important a city as Limerick any longer insufficiently represented ; and we believe we only speak the sentiments of nearly the whole constituency in declaring , that the time has arrived when tbe honourable and learned gentleman ought to he permitted to consult his own feelings , on a subject on which he has now again so clearly and emphatically declared his wishes . "
_Advasces io _Pubcbasebs in * the Escumbereo Court . —A wealthy firm in the city of Dublin , embracing capitalists and land agents , are about to offer advances to purchasers in the Encumbered Estates Court , on the half-credit system contemplated in Sir -John Eomilly ' s Security for Advances Bill . The New Pabix & _mestabt Cokstitoenct . —The -clerks of the Poor-law Unions throughout tbe country have made returns to the clerks of the peace , of all fhe rated occupiers who bave claims to vote under the New Franchise Act . The following details from one county—that of Louth—are from an authentic source . The present number of registered electors is
320 . The occupiers rated at . £ 12 and upwards amoont to 1 , 923 , making a gross total , of 2 , 243 ; but there must be a deduction of sixty-two for deaths , making a net total of 2 , 181 . The number of objections to be decided at the registry before the assistant barrister 13 eighty-two . At the last contested election for Xoutb , in 1841 , the number of electors wbo voted was £ 05 . . Since that time the constituency bag dwindled down to 320 . Even if all the objections shonld be allowed , the constituency under the new law will considerably exceed 2 , 000 . Louth is one of tbe smallest counties in Ireland . The qualified electors under the _franchise Act will exceed 200 , 000 .
_Opebatios of the Poor Law . —The unjust and Oppressive working of the Poor-law , in connexion with the clearance system , is described in a remarkable statement in the _BaUinosloe Star . An electoral division called Eillimor , in the Loughrae union , formerly assessed at ten or eleven shillings in the pound , is now subject to the mere fractional rating of fourpence in the pound . It appears that there have been extensive clearances in Killimor , where "farms desert and waste , and houses roofless acdin ruin , startle the passenger at the rapidity in the work of depopulation . " Other electoral divisions , however , containing towns and villages into which ihe evicted tenante thronged for shelter , are still very heavily taxed ,
the rates averaging from three shillings and tenpence to five shillings ia the pound . Athenry pays three shillings and eightpence , while the rural district of Baford pays bnt sixpence in the pound ; Eilchrist is charged with three shillings and tenpence , while Moyode is rated so low as sevenpence . The BaUinosloe Star remarks , that" the tenants on the Moyode estate were evicted , and Kilchrist adjoins Moyode . The electoral divisions of Derrylanr , Marble Hill , Loughr ae . and Woodford , each pays five shillings in the pound . Thus ( continues that journal ) the process of consolidation of farms , and of the poor—not on the farms , but in the surrounding towns—goe 3 on , " to the ruin of the struggling traders and shop-j keepers of the towns .
Death of William Blacker , Eso . —The death Mr . Blacker , the eminent agriculturist , took place on Sunday , at his residence in Armagh . Mr . Blacker -while agent of the Gosford estates , wrote several essays on improved modes of agriculture Repeal _AssociA-nox . —The usual weekly meeting was held on Monday ; Mr . W . P . O'Connor in the chair . Mr . John O Connell handed in £ 10 from Waterford , and uttered a quantity of extravagant eulogy upon the oonors . _^ The remittance was accompanied by a patriotic epistle of considerable length for which the writer apologised . Mr . O ' Conneli said it was unnecessary to do so , and observed that if any other gentleman wished to write a long letter he had only to send it with £ 10 to that hall , and it -would be read and cheered , no matter how lone or _^ ros yit mightbe . The rent for the week was announced to be £ 18 15 s . Id .
_tRe-comuetcemest of ihe Sales is the _EscumbemdCoubt . —The sales in this court , which had _Tieen interrupted during the recess , re-commenced on Tuesday , before the three commissioners , Baron "Richards and Messrs . Longfield and J 3 ar ° reave The entire amount realized bv the sales on Tnec " 4 ay was £ 49 , 425 . ' UB " The New Law Appoktjiexis . —Mr . Monahan the late Attorney-General , was on Tuesday sworn in before the Lord Chancellor as Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas At the same time Mr . _Hatchell took the oaths as Attorney-general , and Mr . _Henrr M _? p . _S f _« a 88 W 0 rn _" Solicitor-General . J _0 _IVEdmund Mooney has been _appointed to t _^
The Potato _ Crop. —The Farmers, In Au D...
_Csukltt ra thb Ehnistihom Union . —An official inquiry , by direction of the Poor-law Commissioners , hasbeen in progress _intheEnnistymon union , respecting the conduct of officers in that muqn , and the death of a pauper boy named Denis Kenn who was fonnd dead on the road between Bnnistymonand Miltown . Emigration _pbom CosK .-The Cork Constitution says :- « Tw © steamers , belonging to the Cork Steam Ship Company and tha other to the City of uuolin , left on Saturday for Liverpool . Both vessels were crowded with emigrants , there being no fewer than 1 , 000 males and females taking their departure . So dreadful was the rush to get on board , thatthe officials of both companies had to employ a
number of men , with heavy sticks in hand , to beat off the crowds tbat attempted to rush on board , appearing evidently as if they were flying from a plague . When the vessels were leaving the quays , the shrieks from the hundreds of the relatives and friends left behind were piercing , and continued until the vessels were nearly out of sight . Riot asd Two Soldiers _Wouxded . —Monday eyeing between five and six o ' clock , a riot of an alarming character , and followed by serious results , took place in the neighbourhood of Trinity Church , in Belfast . The origin ofthe affray is not knowu , but it appears tbat between the hours stated three privates—two of them of the band of the 39 th Regi ment—left the public-house of a man named
Maguire , in which they hadbeen drinking , to take a walk with some friends on the _Crumlin-road . They had not left tbe house more tban a minute or two , when cries of " murder" were raised , a crowd collected , and in a desperate struggle which ensued two of the soldiers—William Tucker and Bobert Hop wood—who had received several cuts on the head , with a saw or hatchet , were lifted from the ground in a state of great weakness from loss of blood . The persons suspected of having committed the brutal assault are workmen in the employment of Mr . Carlisle , builder . It seems that they were just finishing their labour of the day , and were leaving the yard with tho instruments of their work on their backs , when angry words passed
between them and the soldiers . Who committed the first assault is , aB in all sueh cases , a matter of dispute—one party asserting that a soldier struck a carpenter on the face , without having received the slightest pro vocation ; and another maintaining thatthecarpenters & _Mtinsultedthesoldiers . After the _afirt th _e _^ _silajts-yari 9 f Mr . Carlisle was surrounded by military , who had oome up to the rescue of their companions , and the picket , which hadbeen sent for , arrived from the barracks , and made prisoners of four men , who , amidst the greatest excitement on the part of the populace , were taken to the police-station . The wounded men were ai once taken to the General Hospital , where the injuries they had received were promptly attended to . —Banner of Ulster .
Trades Unioks . —Preparations , it is said , are in active progress for there-organization of the Dublin Trades Union .
Bobbery At Southend. At Tbe Rochester Se...
BOBBERY AT SOUTHEND . At tbe Rochester Sessions , held before J . 'EspinaBse , Esq ., Becorder , and which terminated on Tuesday , Edward Moss , aged 32 , and John Jones , 24 , were indicted for having , on the 30 th of July last , stolen two gold watches , a silver watch , three silver guard chains , a whistle , and a cashbox , containing gold and silver tothe amount of nearly £ 50 , the property of Mr . William Claydon , landlord of the Royal Hotel Tap , Southend . Jane Teeles , aged 25 , committed on suspicion of having been implicated in the robbery , but who effected her escape from the station-house on the night ofher committal and had not been recaptured , was also charged as an accessary before the fact . —Mr . Rose , in opening the case for the prosecution , said that about the middle or latter end of June . Jane Teeles , in
company with a man who passed as her husband , another man named Jones ( not the prisoner , ) and a boy , occupied apartments at the prosecutor's house , having a room close to that of the landlord . Having stopped at the prosecutor ' s house for several days , Yeele 3 and her companions left . On the 30 th of July the prisoner arrived at the Royal Hotel Tap , about two o ' clock in the afternoon . They went into the sitting-room , having first ordered cigars and brandy and water . Tbey soon afterwards asked permission to go up stairs to wash their hands , and were shown into a bedroom adjoining the landlord's . They tben left , and went towards the shrubbery—a public walk close by the house , and shortly afterwards returned and partook of
more liquor . They ordered tea to be ready at halfpast six , of which they heartily partook , saying they were afraid they should be too late for the boat . They again asked permission to wash then * hands , and tben left the house , having previously ordered a bed , saying they should be back about nine o ' clock . They never did return , and were not seen again hy prosecutor until they were taken into custody on the present charge . Mrs . Claydon , on going to bed at about one o ' clock the next morning , found one of the drawers broken open , the cash-box , its contents , and the several articles mentioned in the indictment gone . The prisoners , it would be proved , were seen to leave tbe pier that evening at about seven o ' olock , by the steamer , in
company with Jane Teeles , who , at about two o ' clock in tbe afternoon of that day , was seen in company with the prisoners , who went towards the Reyal Hotel , whilst sbe proceeded to the Grove , close by , where 3 he sat for about a quarter of an hour , _keeping a watchful eye on the house . Between five and six o ' clock in the evening sbe was seen going towards the pier , having something bulky in her arms , He should prove that they arrived at Sheerness together ; tbat the prisoners went to a _slopseller _' s together and purchased oilskin caps , leaving tbeir hats behind them at the Hit or Miss public-house , where tbey slept that night . On going to bed one of them gave the landlady ten sovereigns to keep for him , and tbe otber
had ahout ten or twelve sovereigns in his possession ; they paid they -wished to be called about five o ' clock the next morning , Jones saying they were land surveyors , and were going to survey land in order to decide a bet . Next morning the two prisoners applied to Stephen Hogben , a postmaster at Sheerness , of whom they hired a chaise ; he drove them to Chatham , where they treated them to dinner and wine , and paid him thirty shillings in gold for the hire of his vehicle . Hogben having heard of the robbery , suspected all was not right ; he asked them which way they came to Sheerness ; they looked confused , and said it was no business of his . He then detained them and sent for a police constable , when Moss tried to make his escape . On him was found £ 15 in gold , and on Jones only 8 s . in
silver , but he had the identical whistle belonging to the prosecutor , which would be positively sworn to by him . With regard to the watches , Mr . Rose said Jane Teeles was seen the same morning on Sheerness pier , having a . basket on her arm . She was taken into custody on board the steamer , but tbe basket which she had but a few minutes previously been seen with disappeared in a most unaccountable manner . The cash-box , which would also be identified , was found by a soldier concealed in a drain leading from the barracks . These were the circumstances and facts of the case— "Facts are stubborn things "—and there must , he said , indeed , be great ingenuity on the part of the learned counsel who bad been retained for tbe prisoners to rebut such evidence as he was instructed be should
be able to lay before the jury . The several witnesses were then examined , who fully bore out the case as stated . —The jury recorded a verdict of Guilty against both prisoners . They were sentenced to be imprisoned in the House of Correction and kept to hard labour for two years .
Borough Gaols.—It Is Declared By An Act ...
Borough Gaols . —It is declared by an act passed in the last session that great inconvenience and expense have been found to result to cities and boroughs having or providing and maintaining at tbeir own cost gaols or houses of correction , from the necessity of committing to the common gaol of the county in which such city or borough may be situated , for trial atthe assizes for such county , persons charged with offences committed within the limits of such city or borough . The act provides that prisoners may be committed , to borough gaols for trial at tbe assizes , butf or murder the commitment must be as heretofore to the county gaol . Prisoners commited to borough gaols are to be removed to borough gaols previously to trial , and may be removed back
again to undergo the sentence . With respect to boroug h prisoners committed to county gaols , it is enacted that where no special contract is subsisting , snch expenses and all other expenses wbich may bo incurred by such county in respect of every such prisoner shall be paid by the council of such city or borough to tbe treasurer of such gaol or county . The act came into force on the 14 th of August , and extends to England and Wales . Steam to _JlAURiiius .-The Maimtius papers , by the overland mail , reach to , the 23 rd . ef August The question of steam communication had at length become pnblic , and a committee appointedI to connot d in the offer
sider the question had concurre to establish a line via the Cape The financial position ofthe island continue satisfactory , lor the first half year of 1850 the revenue was £ 145 , ouu , and the total expenditure £ 110 , 000 , leaving a balance of £ 35 , 000 . _ .. i . Successful Reduction of FABES .-Some weeks ago a considerable reduction was made m the iares for short _stages on the Tynemouth branch ot tne Tork , Newcastle , and Berwick Railway ; the change has hitherto worked well both for the publie and the company . The number of passengers has very largely increased , and the receipts are now greater than they were under the old system .
MisuKHH Imuran . —A most extraordinary in * stance of mistaken identity recently occurred in Scotland * . A Cambridge student , travelling through QUen Tilt , accosted the Duke of Tbat Ilk as a _genttesnan _. _?—fans *
The Burglart In|Thb Regent's Park. There...
THE BURGLART IN | THB REGENT'S PARK . There can be no doubt whatever tbat two out of the three burglars who escaped ( for the man in custody , who gives his name as William Dyson , and who was knocked down by one of the under coaehmen with the pitchfork , has , it is understood , admitted that there were four in the affair , ) are wounded , one severely , and it is fully believed the otber fatally . It is the opinion of medical men who have seen tho hat found near the spot , that the bullet , from the direction ofthe hole m the rim , must have struck tha forehead of the wearer , and nearly the whole of the remaining portions of the charge have entered various parts of his skull . Such being
the case , it was impossible he could survive any length of time . It is quite clear that this wounded man must either have been conveyed , or must have staggered through the shrubbery towards the iron railing abutting on the ( park on the south-eastern side , for a track of blood , on examination has been found to be visible , and not only the iron railing , but even the pallisading of the enclosure ofthe park is smeared with blood , where tbe parties either got or were assisted over . The other man , who was fired at by the coachman , is believed to be seriously wounded in one of his hands , for a person has been found by the police , who states that he was passing round the outer circle from Gloucester-gate , in the direction of the Zoological Gardens , about two
o ' clock on Monday morning ) last ( the time of the discovery was twenty minutes to two ) when he saw a man with his hand bleeding in a shocking manner , and , on being asked what waa the matter , ho said he had been " bitten by a dog . " Shortly after another man was seen by the same party with the blood streaming profusely from his head , and without any hat , and a cab was in the vicinity , into which he got . There are other circumstances in connection with this affair , and what took p lace in reference to the cab , in possession of the police , but which it would not be prudent at present to publish , as it might defeat the capture of the surviving delinquents . It was at first supposed that the man shot might have been conveyed away and thrown
into the canal , or have been in some other manner disposed of ; but the last-mentioned circumstance entirely does away with that impression . From information , however , which the police have received there is but little doubt the man wounded in the head is dead , and that his death took place on the 17 th instant . The party in custody formerly kept a lodging-house of a rather questionable character on the Surrey side of the water ; and there is strong reason for believing a medical practitioner is in what is called in thieves parlance ' the swim . " Should the presumption be correct , fear is entertained that he may , under the provisions of the Registration Act , give a certificate that the man has died of inflammation or some other disorder ,
and the body be interred without further inquiry . It behoves , therefore , the registrars of deaths in the various districts in the metropolis to be on the alert , and look well to the medical certificates of death , and if there is any suspicion , to give immediate information to the police of their district . There can be no doubt but the burglars had well matured their plan , and that they bad a knowledge of Mr . Holford , who is an American merchant of unbounded wealth . The plate was no doubt the object of the burglary , and a cab being observed in tbe immediate vicinity , there is reason for believing that , had they not been disturbed , that vehicle was
destined to receive the booty . It is due to the officers , Lockerby and Mason , who are acting under the orders of Mr . Ferguson , the superintendent of the S division , to state that they bave been indefatigable in their exertions to trace out tbe perpetrators of the outrage , and there is strong reason for believing that tbey have so far completed the chain of evidence , notwithstanding the refusal ofthe man in custody to afford any information , that bnt little doubt remains that all parties concerned will soon be in the hands ofthe police . The daring character of this attack , perpetrated as it were in the midst ofa populous city , continues to attract numerous persons to the premises .
_RE-SXAUtXATlOX OF TEE PRISONER . Monday being the day appointed for the re-examination of William Dyson , an unusual degree of interest was excited at the Marylebone court , and on the arrival ofthe government van at ten o ' clock , bringing several persons who had been remanded upon other charges which had been gone into in the course of the preceding week , the vehicle was so completely surrounded as to render it a matter of some difficulty for the police-constables in attendance to make their way with the accused through the crowd ; upon his being conveyed into the outer office he was placed in one of the cells , where he remained until the night charges had been disposed of . Captain Byder Burton ( a friend of Mr . Holford ) ,
and who mentioned to the magistrate , Mr . Broughton , the fact of his premises having , within the last two or three weeks , been broken into , and a carriage belonging to hm carried off , which vehicle , however , he fortunately recovered , was in attendance , as were also many other gentlemen of high standing in the vicinity of the Regent ' s Park and otber parts adjacent . The whole of the night charges , wbich were of an unimportant nature , having been disposed of , the prisoner was placed at the bar . He seemed very low-spirited , and much more pale and dejected than he did upon the first examination . —Mr . Broughton ( to the prisoner ) : Tou are charged with having burglariously broken and entered the dwelling-house of Mr . James
Holford , and taken away part of an ormolu ornament and other property . ( To Lockerby 18 S ) * . "What further evidence have you to give in this caso ? Lockerby : None , your worship , at present . We -wish for a little more time , in order to afford us an opportunity of apprehending others . —Mr . Broughton : Has there been any reward offered ? Lockerby : No , sir . —Inspector Champneys remarked that , from certain circumstances which had already transpired , arising out of the activity and judicious management of the officers employed in the case , the __ Commissioners of Police were desirous of having a remand . —Lockerby said be bad no doubt that others connected with the prisoner would be in custody in a few days ; one of them had , it was quite certain , been severely wounded , and he must
have obtained the assistance ofa medical man . The double-barrelled pistol with the spring bayonet attached , with which Mr . Paul , the butler , armed himself , was produced , as was also the hat left behind by one of the burglars , supposed to have been killed . The articles alluded to were examined with much curiosity by several gentlemen who sat near the magistrate . The Magistrate had some conversation with Mr . Paul and Lockerby in an under tone , and , from what transpired , it was deemed necessary for the ends of justice , without going any more into the matter at present , to remand the prisoner till Monday next . He was then removed from the bar , and , on the arrival ofthe van at six o clock , was conveyed to the House of Detention . A great crowd had assembled to witness his departure .
Court-Martials At Bombat.—The Court-Mart...
Court-martials at Bombat . —The court-martials recently held at Cawnpore and at Simla , on Lieutenants Rose , Huxbam , Litchford , and Goodbridge , have terminated . Tbe following statement of the results are from a Bombay paper : —Lieutenant Rose , of the 3 rd Regiment Bengal "Native Infantry , who , it will be remembered , _sought the protection of the civil power oh being threatened with a horsewhip by Mr . Lang , tbe proprietor of the Mofussilite newspaper , was arraigned upon five charges , of which the pith was embodied in the first and fourth . The first charge was , "In having at Simla , on the evening of the 24 th of June , 1850 , falsely stated , in the hearing of several persons , that nt a ball which had been recently given at Simla , Mr . John "Lanw ,
editor of the Mofussilite newspaper , was intoxicated , and dressed in a shooting-coat , " of wliich he was acquitted , as it was clearly proved that the said John Lang was in the condition described . The fourth charge was , " In having , at Simla , oa the lst of July , 1850 , applied . to thc civil power to provide him with an escort of police on his way to the court , to protect him from the violence of Mr . Lang , and in having availed himself of such escort in proceeding to the court , he being an armed military man ; bis conduct herein displaying a want of spirit unbecoming an officer in the army . " Of which Lieutenant Hugh Rose was found guilty , and sentenced to be reprimanded ; a punishment which Sir Charles _Napier inflicted in mild but pungent language , following up his observations by remanding Mr . Rose to his regiment , whereby this officer ' s
staff appointment has become vacant . The trial of Ensign Huxham at Cawnpore was concluded on the 26 th of August . His defence took much the same line as tbat of Lieutenant Litchford with respect to breaking his arrest , his injured honour being the plea . It is surmised , from the very brief deliberations of the members of the court on the two cases , that both Ensign Huxham and Lieutenant Litchford have been sentenced to dismissal ; but if ever there were instances in which the Commander-in-Chief was warranted in exercising the power of commuting punishments , we fully believe tho prisoners recently brought to trial are deserving of his fullest consideration . Another court-martial arising out ofthe _Lang-Bose affair was held on Second Lieutenant Goodbridge ofthe Bengal Artillery . He was honourably acquitted .
Fool or a Physician . —The writer who hns used this expression is Dr . Cheyne , and he probably altered it from the alliterative form , " a man is a fool or a physician at ferty , " which I have frequently heard in various parts of England . Dr . Cheyne ' s words are : " I think every man is a fool or physician at thirty years of age ( that is to say ) , by that time he ought to know his own constitution , and unless he is determined to live an intemperate and irregular life , I think he may b y diet and regimen prevent or cure any chronical disease ; but as to acute disorders no one who is not well acquainted with medicine should ) trust to his own skill . "—Notes and Queries . Thb South Devon Railway Company lost £ 364 , 000 by . _tha-atinoapkeric _experiment .
The Patent Laws. ,( ~ Meetuigf Convened ...
THE PATENT LAWS . , ( _~ _meetuigf convened by the parties composing The Inventors' Patent Law Reform League , " was held on Tuesday evening at Anderton ' _s Hotel , Fleet-street , for the purpose of explaining the objects of the association , and adopting an address to the Queen , praying for an adequate protection ol _M D ntI 0 ns ' lt was announced that Mr . Hume , M . P ., had been invited to take the chair ; but . the honourable gentleman not presenting himself , Mr . J . Ellis , t he chairman of the " League , " was called on to preside .
Mr . J . D . Mahon , the secretary , read a report from the provisional committee , staling tbat they had consulted many persons interested in the progress of manufacture aud art , who were generally of opinion that no adequate protection was afforded by the Provisional Registration _Deafens . Act of last session , owing to the way in which it had been muti . lated in committee . This bad led to the formation of the League in August last , who sought , by eliciting a strong public demonstration , to secure such an alteration of the patent laws as might afford adequate security to inventors .
The Chairman said that individual members of the league had taken steps as early as May last in support ofthe object now sought . Their cause bad been advocated by the press generally , in particular by the Morning Chronicle , and one or two other of the daily papers , lt would no doubt strike foreign visitors withthe utmost surprise , when they came to London next May , to find that our inventors , and especially poor men of genius , who had produced many valuable machines now in operation , had been absolutely neglected , and bad had to battle with all the difficulties arising from inadequate means . Mr . Townley , a poor inventor in the metropolis , finding that the late act protected designs only , and not inventions , wrote to Prince Albert on the subject , and received the following answer : — " I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 22 nd
inst ., addressed to his Iloyal . Highness Prince Albert , on the subject of the means to be adopted for the security from piracy of unpatened machines which may be exhibited ; and I am to call your attention to No . 8 of the ' general conditions , ' which is herewith inclosed . The subject , however , is one of much difficulty , and is now under the considera . tion of the Commissioners . " It had been proposed as a half-measure , that some step shonld be taken giving security to inventors for one year , or until a patent could be taken out ; but be was convinced that nothing short of a thorough reform of tbe existing patent laws would meet the necessities of the case . While the capitalist had ample security for his money , and for the interest which it would bear , was it not monstrous that a poor man could not call his invention his own unless he could expend £ 400 on a patent ?
Mr . Rice , wbo was described as " an inventor and patentee , " and who stated that he was the " founder of tbe Loudon Inventors' and Mechanics ' Society , " moved the first resolution , which was in the following terms : — "That the great event of the Exhibition of the industry and inventive talent of all nations bas prominently exposed the many defects of our patent laws , and the non-fulfilment of the promised protection of original inventions thereat , render it expedient and proper for those who are
thereby withheld from exhibiting , to consider and enforce by all legal and available means the institution of reasonable patent laws , and thus remove this slur from the Exhibition , and secure a permanent industrial benefit to society at large . " In proof of the want of information on this subject amongst public men , he stated that he waited on Sir De Lacy Evans , M . P ., to solicit his support , and found that he was not aware of the enormous cost of patents for England and for Great Britain . ( Hear . )
Mr . James Weston , inventor and patentee , seconded the resolution , and pointed out the hardships of the existing laws . Mr . A . Campbell said the law in this country ought at once to be assimilated to that of France , where , as was stated by the Morning Chronicle a few days ago , complete protection might be secured by a poor inventor for an outlay of about dS 8 . ( Hear , hear . ) The terms were equally favourable in Prussia , Austria , and otber countries in Europe . In a letter which he had received from Mr , _Wvat ' , one of the secretaries to the Exhibition , that gentleman stated that the subject of security to inventions would be considered by the Royal Commissioners at tbeir next meeting ; but it was not probable they would meet before Nevember . He was convinced that the re
dress of the existing grievance must come from the people themselves . ( Hear , hear . ) The resolution was then put , and unanimously agreed to . Mr . Ward , inventor , moved a resolution declaratory of the defects of the existing patent laws , and of the delays and expense wbich were engendered by the legal tribunals . He chiefly dwelt on the latter point , observing that if a patent cost only 5 s ., the expense of maintaining it through the present legal processes would of itself be ruinous . Patentees were constantly exposed to infringements , and the first step in defence cost the poor patentee JE 200 . He ( Mr . Ward ) bad experienced these difficulties ; be had had to proceed in Chancery , and bad been
occupied five months in examining witnesses in tbat court , owing to the system pursued of daily hours and _balf-hours . He bad had to go through all this though the party proceeded against made no defence . ( Shame . ) The case occupied five , yes , and nine months ; and he had to pay £ 1 , 400 as costs , though he gained his cause triumphantly , and though there was not a shadow of pretence for the oppositionthe case , being at last decided in an hour . ( Hear , hear . ) He believed hia opponent , who was an enormously rich man , would never have given in but that his health bad suffered from the vexation caused by the suit . ( Laughter . ) At present , a patent simply gave a right to go to law ; and hence a poor patentee was frequently ruined .
Mr . Campin , of the _Patent-office , Strand , seconded the resolution . He said the material difficulty in the way of obtaining a patent , even where the inventor was prepared with the money , was the great risk of its being lost by the inventor not deriving any beneficial interest therefrom before the date of the specification . It was clear from what bad been recently done by the Legislature , that they were quite disposed to reduce the exorbitant cost of patents ; but he anticipated very little benefit from this alone , as , if a patent were ever obtainable for nothing , other parties would be the more easily induced to take out similar patents , running the risk of infringement . ( Hear , hear . ) So imperfect were the present means resorted to by the courts for deciding on controverted patents , that he imagined the juries must frequently have recourse to the process of "tossing-up . "
Mr . Lee said he had a valuable invention wbich he was determined to keep in abeyance till an alteration of tbe patent law took place . A further resolution suggested that it would be highly beneficial to British and foreign inventors and to society at large , if international arrangements could he made to assure to inventors protection in all countries for all inventions approved of by the authorities of the Great Exhibition . It was resolved tbat a petition , formed on the f oregoing resolutions , sbould be addressed to the Queen , and a committee was appointed to wait on Sir George Grey to make arrangements for its presentation . The proceedings were closed with a vote of lhankB to the Chairman .
Change For A Sovereign.—At Schauffhausen...
Change for a Sovereign . —At Schauffhausen there were , as usual , many Englishmen , who , also as usual , had a growl about tho monies and the hotels . " I have been making myself practically acquainted with the currency In a way of my own , " said Smith , Junior . "How so ? " inquired ono of the _^ group oi travellers who wero gossiping on the subject . "I changed a sovereign , explained our hero , ¦¦ at Ostend ; and then changed what I got for it in Prussia ; then changed that in the duchy of Nassau ; and that again in the free city of Frankfort ; and so on repeated the process in Baden and Bavaria—in fact , in each separate jurisdiction through which we passed . Thero it is , " said Smith , as he suited the action to the word by _empting the contents of his experimental pocket upon the table . The exhibition looked very unpromising , certainly ,
ine glittering twenty-shilling piece lett at "Jstenu was now represented by as ugl y a collection of dirty , worn , counterfeit-looking jumble of silver and copper as ever an Israelite counted out iu the _JewsMane at Frankfort . " Count it up , " said Smith the younger . " Very good , " said the German , and he began . ' Five francs—ten— " said Smith . " Stop , " _said the German . " Swiss francs and French franca are different things—different values , i will tell you tho worth of this heap . " He went to work to tell them over , and stated the result in batzen and rappen . " And how much is that worth in English sterling coin ? " asked a bystander . " Just fourteen shillings and a penny farthing , " replied the German . " What shrieked Smith . " Fourteen shillings and a penny farthing English , " repeate . _ifta'ferirjajn . —I _& _fa ' fl' _* . _Hausihold Words .
How To Use The Land/ O* Readers Will Rec...
HOW TO USE THE LAND / O * readers will recollect Miss Martineau ' s interesting and valuable letter to the Guardians ofthe Guiltcross union workhouse , detailing the result of " a small attempt at farming , " undertaken with a view of showing how " a certain amount of labour waiting for employment can be best made available . '' Thia letter , and a second on the same subject , have just been published in a pamphlet form , under the title of " Two Letters on Cowkeeping . " In a brief preface Miss Martineau states ,, that
"the attention excited by the appearance of the first of these letters in a newspaper has compelled its publication in a separate form , and the continuation of the subject in a second letter . At a time when events are directing many minds to the consideration of the value and proper uses of land , the experience of the humblest cultivator may be of service ; and I am therefore not ashamed of putting into print the results of as Bin all an experiment as can well be made . " The following is the second letter * i Ambleside , Oct . 5 , 1850 .
My dear Sir—I promised to report progress when we had had experience of another season of our ' arming plan . . I came home yesterday , after an absence of nearly three months * , and I think I cannot do better than tell you precisely the state in which I find my farming affairs . I related to you , last January , that we had in great measure maintained two cows , and supplied ourselves with vegetables for the table ( except winter potatoes , ) from less tban an acre and a quarter of ground . Of this ground , three quarters of an acre were grass ; and grass and hay are such expen sive food for cows tbat I should not devote any ground for their growth , but for other considerations—sucb
as the view from the windows . We ascertained , finally , that we maintained a cow and a half on our ground , and that the purchase of what was needful for the other half maintenance of one cow was made well worth while by her milk and manure , and by our having stall-room for ber , and a pair of hands to wait upon her . Still we felt that we should like to feed our two cows wholly at home ; and Robert again and again hinted that he should like to take in half an acre from the next field . The good fellow said nothing , and , I am persuaded , thought nothing about an increase of wages for
this additional work ; but I need not tell you that I thought of it . He is to have his cottage rent-free henceforth , in addition to bis 12 s . per week , for the year round . We considered tbat another balfacre would set us at ease completely , and raise us above our close dependence on good seasons , and other accidents . The owner of the land could not sell it ; but he has given me a ten-years' lease of it ; and there it is now before my eyes , with six tons of cow-food upon it , besides a goodly asparagus bed , some grass , and a portion where we mean to try a growth of lucerne .
The land was in bad condition—overgrown with obstinate weeds . A great slice of it is injured by tbe growth of a row of five ash trees , * and it is impossible to drain it effectually , from there being no sufficient outlet ; the proprietor of another field , which lies _cornerwise between mine and the river , not thinking proper to drain his own , and thereby closing up mine . In consideration of these drawbacks , I have my half acre on the low rent ( as it is considered here ; of £ 115 s . a year . The fencing cost me scarcely anything , as I had nearly enough
of the best kind of hurdles-. I had only to get a gate , and two more hurdles . I hired the strongest and best spadesman I could obtain ; tb whom I paid £ 2 10 s . for digging the half of the new piece . Robert dug tbe other half . I may observe here , that the men seemed to work alike—paring off the weedy sod , burying it deep and upside down , and digging heartily . But , a few weeks afterwards , it seemed as if a line bad been drawn across the half acre-Robert ' s portion being almost as clean as at first , and the other man ' s greenish with weeds . So much for the quality of the labour .
I laid on four tons of well-rotted stable manure , and half a bagof guano ; the two costing me £ 1163 . The whole expense—the fencing , digging ( which is a thing done with ) , manuring , and rent—is already repaid by the first season ' s produce . There can be no doubt of the next season paying the full proportion of Robert ' s wages , as there will be no hired spade-work , and little or no purchase of manure . Under the ash tree we grew vetches , as the soil was not deep or good enough for roots . Where the manure had stood to rot , we got some very fine
cabbages . There are now Swedes of four ages , Belgian carrots , and mangold wurzel . I have just got . Robert to weigh some of our produce—not picking out the very largest . It must be remembered , too , that the cabbages will go on growing another month , and the turnips and beet two months longer . Tbe cabbages weigh . 241 bs each ; the turnips ( scraped of roots and soil ) , lllbs ; and the beet and Belgian carrots , each 2 £ lbs . I do not mention these weights as anything wonderful , hut as giving you an idea of what our produce is like .
Another year , when tbe ground is mellowed and loosened , we confidently expect to raise ten tons oi food on the new half-acre , in spite of the ash-trees . We have now , as I said , at least six . In the hay house is above a ton and a half of bay , cut early enough to be fragrant and fine , in preference to being heavier and of inferior quality . We cut our hay a month earlier tban most of our neighbours . I think it was on the 20 th of June . Well ; on our other plots of ground we have at least two tons . On the whole , I sbould say , we shall have ten tons ; and our cows consume eight in the winter , from crop to crop ; so I consider that , if our roots keep well , we are provided till the spring . We have
potatoes for six weeks after our autumn vegetables are done , and plenty of celery , cabbages , cauliflowers , & c , & c . It really amuses me , on going round on my return home , to see the quantity of cabbages pricked out for _s " an early spring crop . Wherever there is room for a cabbage to grow , there one puts up its head . The seed-beds seem still full * , and as fast as we clear a foot of ground , there goes in a cabbage . We find your Norfolk seed the best forthe early crop ; and the heavy Scotch cabbage for what we here call" the back end of the year . " A terrible and really extraordinary flood , which occurred last February , cut off our early crop ol cabbages * , and some of our neighbours have no belief that we can raise them in this climate . We
mean to persevere in trying , however ; and if we fail again , we have food enough for next spring ; so that our minds are easy . This was our worst disaster since we began . Let us see what our other drawbacks have been . We have partly failed in our first great potato crop . The rot destroyed a few ; but a greater mischief was done by our putting them between the rows of cabbages . The cabbages grew so much larger than we expected that they half stifled the potatoes . We shall know better another year . We bave only a six weeks' stock , instead of a three months ' . Then > both the calves this year are bull calves , and they will not sell ; and it would not answer to us to
fatten them . I find that cow calves are down to 17 s ., so that calves a ? e not what they were . Again , we have not managed our fowls well , I find them now all moulting at once ; and I suppose they will all begin to lay at the same time . We must see about having a succession . It is difficult to get broods here . The cats and the hawks make terrible havoc j and we actually have not a chick this year , abundant as eggs have been . We have now a stout netting over the poultry yard , and have introduced some improvements , so that we hope our specimens of the pure Minorca breed may multiply , I think our list of misfortunes ends here .
The pasture is Robert ' s pet , and it is , to be sure , in line condition . ' Thinking in his bed / as he says , ' he devised a contrivance ( of the cost of 4 s . Gd ., ) by which the liquid manure barrel is made to shed itsjeontentslike a water cart ; and the grass grows thick and rich , compared with last year , though Robert expects a good deal of improvement yet . He is now going to try bis hand upon a wheat crop , on a plot which has grown roots for two years . We may as well try , now we have a little more space to turn ourselves in . The bran and straw will be very useful , and we shall see what we cau make of the grain . If we succeed , I suppose we shall grow nearly a quarter of an acre of grain yearly , turn and turn about . Tou see that , exclusive of the patch of pasture , we are now feeding our cows , and supplying our own vegetables , from less than an acre of land .
I find the cows now yielding more than tbeir average—twenty-five quarts dail y . As we are now keeping two pigs at a time , and as milk is more abundant in the neighbourhood than it was when we began , I believe we shall henceforth make a greater point of the butter , and less of the milk . We shall skim more _closelv , and give the milk to
How To Use The Land/ O* Readers Will Rec...
the pigs , instead of selling skim milk , which is as good as what I used to buy for new . I hear « good character of cocoa-nut-fibre mats for ths cows to lie upon , and I think of trying it . It is difficult to manage the litter of cattle that have been brought up to roam the fells , and eat whatever they see . We have tried a variety of litter , but tbey ate _everything-even brackens ( fern)—till , last _auturuD , Robert bethought himself of giving them a bed of dry leaves . Those ihey did not eat . And now they may soon try again . As vet , however , scarcely ' a leaf has changed on the trees : so late are the seasons here ! I find our two pigs growing fat . The meal they are having ia the
only article , except a few grains for the fowls , we have had to buy , since our crops began to ripen . They cost 15 s . 6 d . each , * and will sell , when fatted , for ( t suppose , in these times of cheap meat ) about £ 2 14 s . each ; that is * -they will weigh about twelve stone ( for we do not make them excessively fat ) , at 4 s . fid . a stone . Not that I mean to sell the whole . Five quarters are bespoken , and I shall keep the other three for ourselves . I believe they will have really coat me nothing . Robert wishes for a quarter , as he did in the spring . His wife cures it admirably ; and they can always sell the ham , and enjoy tbe bacon . I really wish you could see how these good people , whom you put in
the way of this new life , enjoy everything . I find them now so well and merry , that it is delightful to see them . Robert has been sending money to his old father—a large sura for a working man . His wife has had abundant employment in taking re . washing all the summer . When I came home to breakfast this morning I saw _something flying along behind the trees ; it was Robert , with two monstrous cabbages in his great barrow , full of joy at their weight . I must tell you that , since the publication of my first letter to you ( by some means unknown to me , but not at all to my regret ) there have beea large numbers of persons , _aaany from dietant counties , to see my ground , and the man wbo tills it .
Early and late they have come s and they have said enough to turn a vain man ' s head . All this has happened since I left borne . I find Robert not only un spoiled , but not at all occupied with his fame , bu _* wholly engrossed by his pursuit . He listens as earnestly as ever to any suggestion about our shortcomings , and about any methods of improvement-He was very clever when he came * he is much cleverer now . He could not possibly be more industrious ; but he is in stronger health , and in glorious spirits . His pretty porch is grown over with roses ; and there are climbing plants ahout bis walls , and balsams and geraniums in his window . You may be satisfied that all is right with them ; and a great satisfaction I know it will be to you .
1 think this is all I have to say at the close of our second season . Believe me , dear sir , truly yours , Harriet Martineau .
The Miners' Conference. (Continued From ...
THE MINERS' CONFERENCE . ( Continued from the Star of October _lQth . ) Wednesday Morning , October 16 th . The Conference assembled this morning , at nine o ' clock , when the roll was called by the president , and the minutes of the previous day were read by the secretary , and confirmed by the Conference . The following laws were then passed : — Gth . —That if any county , not organised , wish to borrow a lecturer or agent for a short time , then the organised counties shall bear an equal share in the travelling expenses and wages of such lecturer or agent . Application in this case to be made to the general secretary , Mr . Thomas Weatherley , Cock Inn , Head of the Side , Newcastle-upon-Tyne . 7 tb . —That the secretaries of each organised county , and those counties who may become so _.
shall hold regular correspondence with each other , detailing the condition and position of tho organisation of their district , or any other circumstance connected with the same , such as strikes , reduction of prices , Ac , so that each delegate meeting may know the position of the other counties , and that thc name and address of each district or county secretary be given for that purpose , viz .: — Lancashire and Cheshire , —Charles Meadowcroffc , _Astley-street _, Duckenfield , Cheshire . Northumberland and Durham , —Martin Jude , Cock Inn , Head of the Side , Newcastle-upon-Tyne . Nottingham and Derbyshire , —George Goulder , Bobbers Mill , near Nottingham . Staffordshire , "Warwickshire , and Worcestershire , —William Daniells , Forge Hammer Inn , Bilston * street , Wolverhampton , Staffordshire ,
8 th . —The Conference to constitute a court of appeal in all cases of general import , upon which there may be a difference of opinion between any of the members , or where the general laws have been infringed or wrongly-understood ; but all questions , if possible , must be settled by the district delegate meeting , and only when they cannot be fairly decided by the latter , to be taken up by the Conference , whose decision shall be final . In all cases of appeal to Conference , as above , the parties losing to bear all expenses ; both parties to deposit the
respective amounts , previous to hearing , in the hands of the general treasurer . Oth . —That districts may exchange lecturers , and by mutual agreement to bear the expense of the same ; each lecturer , so desired to change , to ba informed ofthe relative wages and other matters connected therewith , before such change is made , but each county to guarantee the wages of their respective lecturers . This exchange to be from Conference to Conference .
10 th . —That in order to diminish the expense of Conferences , commensurate with the welfare and safety of the Association , every organised county shall not be allowed to send more than one delegate for every 500 members ; but that a county in the infancy of its organisation may send a delegate , ifc being distinctly understood that each locality pay its own representative or representatives . llth . —That the Conference tako up all questions from thc counties or districts , bearing upon the general affairs of the Association ; such questions to be sent to the general secretary six weeks previous to the Conference meeting ; the same to be printed , and form a programme of business for the Conference ; one copy to be forwarded to each
lodge or colliery , that their votes may be taken thereon , and instructions given to their delegates in accordance therewith , before they go to the Conference , and thatevery delegate come prepared with the opinion and instructions of his district . 12 . —Thatthe National Association take no cognisance of strikes , nor encourage them in any way ; but in caso any county or portion ofa county shall have been obliged to cease work legally , according to tho county regulation , then the general secretary shall do all that lavs in his power by writing and distributing hand bills , to persuade the other miners not to come near until such affair is settled , and the workmen all employed again at the place where
there were on strike , or in the neighbourhood , * bufc be it understood , that all districts or counties where such strikes exist , pay for the printing , carriage , « fcc , of sueh hand bills . 13 . —That at each Conference meeting the books of the Association shall be audited , and if found correct , to be signed as such , with the names of tho auditors attached , * any discrepances to be made good or otherwise accounted for at the time . The secretary to have the books posted up at the meeting of the Conference , and to produce vouchers for all monies paid away , and a propor receipt be given for all monies received from tho districts or otherwise .
_Aftei-noon Sitting . Tho Conforenco re-assembled at half-past ono , and proceeded to business . After discussing their usefulness and importance , tho following general laws wero passed . 14 . —That tho next Conference be properly advertised in the newspapers most circulated in the mining counties , and that all districts pay their : equal share of the expenses of tho same . lo . —That this Conference recommend the various mining counties to endeavour to emancipate them « selves by the adoption of the principle of Homo Colonics and Co-operation as a means of perpetuating the Bociety ; and also strongly recommend all lecturers and officers of tho association to often bring tho abovo important subjects beforo thoir respective lodges or collieries , and to draw their attention to its benefits . It was then resolved : —
5 th . —That 400 copies of the minutes be printed , and that the type of the address , preamble , objects and general laws bo kept up , so that such can be printed separately from the minutes of Conference , and that as many copies of the general law 3 be printed as each district order , and also that a proportionate number bo printod > for districts not organised , such to bo paid for , in the first instance , from the penny general levy , and to be repaid from the entrance monies of new memhers , and payment for cards and rules . Adjourned . Thursday Morning , Oct . llth . Tho delegates met again this morning , _^ haltpast nine " o ' clock , for tho 4 _" _& ° ° ' _&™ _% _Z The minutes and resolutions of the previous day
were confirmed . . nf ... _•_„;„„ ' ut again the Theutdity _^^^ tiSed , and there Miners' paper ( _Advocat . ) , was ( bm , _appeavedaconera _^ subject lJ ln ita " _"""" _M _^ a nd _W- WM tho _impor-W and _fo'lowfng resolution was then P _^ A _^—ly \ _CtiT-lhafc this Conference _^ nj _^ _WjBW- % labours without again earnestly WfW tion ofthe whole of the mining a _« iM _84 _fUCri _» _fc Britain , to the imperative nectffi _»»* _^ . _m _^|^ _- ? P % mm _$
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 26, 1850, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_26101850/page/7/
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