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such lace rising in rebellion. The weakn...
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FRANCE. APPROACHING TRIALS OF THE REPUBL...
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THE RATIONAL MODE OF PERMANENTLY AND PEA...
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-^ WSPAPl-Rs the far WEST<__1 , ir e , h...
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TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH REPUBLft)...
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The demands upon our columns prevent us ...
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The Sea Sewest ao.us'.—Extract of a lett...
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ON PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATIONS. GEXEHATIVE INCAPACITY, AND IMPKDIMENTS TO liAlUUAGE.
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MliNT AND GkNTLEMKX, WOMEN AND LaD'ks' —Men ai-u quarried from the living rock as with *
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thunderbolt, l-entleinen are moulded, as...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Such Lace Rising In Rebellion. The Weakn...
THE NORTHERN STAR . _Januamt 27 , 1840 . 2 _^ — _^ _i ~~ 1 must meet __^^_^§^^ _i _^^_^ m
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France. Approaching Trials Of The Republ...
FRANCE . APPROACHING TRIALS OF THE REPUBLICAN CHIEFS . The Chambre des Mises en Accusation and the Cha mbre des A pp els de Police _Correctionnelle met _< m Wednesday , und r the *» re-idency of the First President , and gave a decision in the affair of the invasion of the National Assembly on the 15 th ot May . All the persons against whom warrants were Issued haw been formally placed in accusation , and sent before the Court of Assizes of the Seme . BUnqui , _Fiotfe _, Martin ( known as Albert ) , Barbes SobrierRispailQaentinDegre , Larger , Bonne
, , . Thomas , Louis Blanc , Seigneuiet , Houuesu _, Huber , laviron _, end Napoleon _Ch-aieel are accused 01 having in May , 1848 , made aa attempt to destroy or change the Government , and of having at tue same time excited to civil war , by causing the Clti-2 ens to take arms against each other . Courtais , Caussidiere , and Villain are accused of having been accomplices in the affair , by knowingly aiding and assisting tbe perpetrators . Louis Blanc , Seignenret , iIoun < -au , Huber , Caussidiere , Laviron , Choncel , and Villain , are not in custody . 0
In the KationU Assembly , on Thursday , M . . Barrot , Minister of Justice , presented a project of decree , having for Us object the sending before the * Haute Cour Nationale , ' the principals and accomplices in the attempt of the 15 th of May . Mnch agitation was apparent at the mention jof this project in the Assembly . The project , proposed that the ' Haute Cour" should sit at Bourges , in the month following tbe promulgation of the law for the eoiwoeauott of such court . The . minister demanded this project d ' ttrgence . Tbe Assembly decided , by a large majority , that a special report should be made by a committee , which was appointed the following day . Oa Saturday a debate , of some length
toolplace , on the question of constituting a special tribunal , called the Hig h National Court , under the terms of the constitution , for the trial of the offenders on the 15 th of May . This tribunal would correspond in its _function to tbe court of peers uud » r the monarch ? , and is provided specially by tbe constitution , as ' the court of peers was formerly , for crimes of such a _cla-ss as it was considered not conducive to the ends of public justice to send before a J * " 7 *
- ,., - On Monday the debate on the trial of the accused for the attempt of the 15 th of May was resumed , and after M . Dupont ( de Bussac ) , M . Boujeau , M . DnpreB , M . Rouctiez , and M . Cremieus had spoken , M . Odillon Barrot supported the project for sending tbe accused before the Hig h Conrt . Finally the Assembly decided by a majority of 466 against 288 , to send the offenders in the affair of the 15 th May , More the High _Natiosal Conrt to be established under the conditions of the constitution .
THE GOVERNMENT—THE ASSEMBLt . On Thursday the Minister ofthe Interior mounted the tribune , and read a decree , signed by the President of the Republic , _presetting to the Assembly the following list of names , from among whom the Assembly will have to select the Vice-President of the Republic : —M . Boulay de la Meurthe , General Baraguay _d'Hillirrs , and M . Vivien . THE _TICe-FRESlDEST . M . Boulay de la Meurthe was on Satnrdty named in the Assembly Vice-President ot theFrench Re public , by a majority of 417 against 277 . THE REPUBUCAS VICTIMS .
La Reforme complains bitterly that the amnesty _expected from the President Louis Napoleon has not been granted , but that , on the contrary , a number of persons detained for political oSeuces were sent from Paris on Tuesday night last to the prisons of Mehm , St . Michel , and _Doullen . Other political prisoners have been sent in chains to work at Brest , Toulon , and Rochefort . The _Monileur of Saturday conlains a notice that sixty-three women , confined in St . Lizare for tbe insurrection of June , had been libera'ed by the Minister of the Interior , at the instance ofthe President cf the Republic . GUIZOT ABOUT T . l * CATCH IT . ' M . de _Carmenm ( Timon ) is said to be preparing a reply to M . Guizot ' s work on democracy . M . Prondhon has also entered the lists , and , it is
likewise said , is busily engaged in a similar task
MORE PERSECUTION . if . Gaisner , _P-esident of the Club St . Antoine , was on Saturday condemned by tbe tribunal of Correctional Police to 100 ' . fne for a contravention of the law on clubs , by restricting the admission of the public . M . Levy , president , and M . Thomas , member of the bureau of the Club de la Redoute , were severally sentenced to 200 L for the same offence . THE RED REPUBLIC . A banquet of the United Socialists took place on Sunday evening last , in the Salle de la _Fraternite , Hue Martel . The tickets were If . each for men and women , and 50 c . for children , and , when the speeches commenced , the public were admitted at 25 c per head . There were about 1 , 200 guests , and as many spectators .
The clubs of the provinces are in active movement in the principal towns . At Macon , the ultra-Bepnblican electoral club ha * re-opened its sittings and has been joined by large numbers of ouvriers . The party of the Mountain , as well as the Socialists and Communists , and all the sections of the mltra-democrats , aire getting alive again . The clubs are ia the highest activity ; there are ten or twelve which meet nightly in different parts of Paris , and wbich are regularly organised with bureaux of correspondence and local committees . The principal of these are the club ol the Revolution and the Arbalete . M . Pierre Leroux delivered on Thursday evening a long discourse at the Arbalete upon the religion of Socialism .
GERMANY . THE FRANKFORT PARLIAMENT . On the 15 th the National Assembly commenced the discussion respecting the chief head ofthe German empire . The main questions immediately before the Assembly being --whether the chief head of the Ger . -man empire shall be an emperor ( if so , whether or not an heieditary one , or one for a certain time ) , or a directory , or a responsible president . Sixty-three members had inscribed their names as speakers . On a division tbe original proposal of the committee , viz , " The dignity of the Supreme Head of the empire is vested in one of the reigning German Princes , " was adopted . Ayes , 238 ; noes , 211 . Botenhan _' s motion for a Directory was rejected . _ISoes , 361 ; ayes , 97 .
The motion of Schuler , Wigard , and others , which would make every German eligible to the supreme dignity , was also rejected . Noes , 339 ; ayes , 122 . Baron Welden has again issued a proclamation calling upon tbe inhabitants to deliver up tbeir arms ; the afternoon ofthe 11 tb , three shots were fired upon the military frora the so-called red house ; which being searched a packet of sharp patrones were d scovered . Royal . Ruffians . —Lately a number of soldiers
entered the residence of the editor of the local paper of Liegnitz ( Silesia ) , dragged him out of his house , along a number of streets , and , after having grossly ill-treated him , left him senseless ou the pavement . His offence was that he commented in rather severe terms on the army order lately issued by the king . The Reactionists are hard at work calumniating and persecuting the democrats . Trials for political _offences are continually going on and numbers of the proscribed are being continually sentenced to various terms of imprisonment .
A Political Fabce General Wrangel has issued a proclamation , threatening to prohibit all assemblages of the electors in which political subjects , not referring to the elections , are introduced . With such a threat the liberty of election is a mere farce , so far as Berlin is concerned . Recently , at Hesse Darmstadt , a misdemeanor of the press was about to be tried—the judge and jury were msembled , when a band of Republicans , the party to which the accused belonged , forced their way into the hall , and drove judge , jury , and counsel , out of the court . The Attorney-General was hooted in the streets , and pelted with stones , and was obliged to take refuge in one of the courts of justice . { " Think of that 1 Master Brook ! " ]
THE WAR IN HUNGARY . The Siebenburgen Journal ( _ose in the Austrian i interest ) is compelled to admit the success of the Szeklers , who are partisans of the Magyars . It ap-; pears that the former , after being partiall y defeated , - . rallied in great numbers , took possession of Hossu-; fain , Tuikos , and two other places . THE BRIGAND _WtNTJISCHGKATZ . The fo'iowing proclamation exhibits the sani guinary ruffianism of the butcher Windisch gralz : — * Any inhabitant who is taken with a weapon of any description in his hand will be immediatel y 1 hanged . 'If the inhabitants of any place shall , united , _i dare to attack any Imperial Royal military _couihr _, _i _so jf transports , any or single commanding officers ,
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or to injure them in any way soever , such place shall be made level with the earth . * _"fhe authorities of the different places shall answer with their heads for the presemtion of the public _peaie . ' Prince _Winmschguatz , Field-Marshal . « Head Quarters , Nicola , Dec . 26 , _ISiS . ' Many of the first families here are plunged in despair on account of the recent events in Hungary , Such names as Palffy , Batthyani _. Hunyadi , Szecheyni _, S ** apary , and Z ichy , figure on the lists of those most deeply implicated . — ¦ l . i __ _T 7 ..,. _n—^;„„ frnyn Tron to the Bukowina from ,
General Bern is gone Tran sylvaniaby way of Bistritz , with the probable intention of getting up a revolution in Poland , wbich is at present naturally comparatively unprotected , all spare troops having marched under Field-Marshal Lieutenant Schlich into Hungary . It also appears that Kossuth entertains the same idea , and it is veryprobable that he is now on his road to Galicia across the Carpathians . The little fortress of Leopoldstadt still holds out . Although this little nest has been bombarded witb 12-pounders , rockets , and 301 b . shells during a whole dav , no effect has been produced . The fusees of the shells were all too 6 hort , and consequentl y
they exploded in the air . Lieutenant Lechner , of the Artillery , who had prepared tbem , has since blown up tbe laboratory , and himself with it ; whether intentionally or not must always remain a matter of doubt . The garrison of the fortress , on the contrary , fired admirably , andthe besiegers were at last obliged to retire . Heavy ordnance has since arrived from Vienna , as the Field-Marshal is said to have declared that the fortress must be taken a tout prie .
Frightful Sacrifice of Liff .. —The Vienna correspondent of the Times says : —It must not be imagined that the successes of the Austriaiis have been cheaply bought , for although the official reports of the ' different affairs do not enter into details , we learn by p rivate channels that the loss of life has beea very great on both sides . It is almost incomprehensible how the campaign can be _carried on at aU when the severity of the weather is
considered . We have frequently during the last week had the thermometer here in Vienna , as . low as twenty-three degrees bebw the freezing point of Reaumur ; and the snow lies so deep , that one can hardly wade the streets in the morning . If this be the case here , wbat must it be in the vast plains of Hungary , with the icy cold winds cutting down from the Carpathians ? We hear continually that the _** 8 entrie 8 have been found dead on their posts .
ITALY . threatened excommunication 0 V the ROMANS . We announced in our town edition of Saturday last , that the Pope had threatened to hurl the thunders of _exwmmunication against his revolted subjects , should they dare to proceed to the election of a Constituent Assembly . . This threat—so expressive of priestly tyranny and villany , has excited in the Roman _Stalesuniversal indignation .
I Popular Exasperation . —In the faubourgs of Monti and Transtivere _, loud charivaris were provoked by the address . The people hooted the cures of SanU Maria _Maggiore and Sauta Maria Transti . vere , who had caused the encyclic to be posted ; until midnight , the streets resounded with t e cries and choruses of the people , who made it the occasion of a great fete . People of all classes are represented as being exasperated against the Pope on account of this threat of excommunication ; and the lower orders , who ask why the Pope , who did not excommunicate the Croats , who were guilty of all kinds of horrible excesses , should excommunicate his own children , indulge incessantly in shouts of Long live the excommunicate !'
The first general meeting of the Roman Electors ' Association was held on the evening of the Cth , in order to choose a committee to propose the candidates for the Constituent Assembly . " The crowd was immense , and 24 , 000 votes were g iven . A committee of twenty-four members was appointed , which immediately commenced its labours . Advices from Bologna of the llth , and Civita Vecchia of the 12 th , say that the threat of _excornmunicatien has been received with the most absolute indifference . A priest , who preached at Banchi on the effects of excommunication , was immediately after his sermon arrested by some National Guards who were among his congregation , and by them delivered over to the authorities .
A conspiracy bas been discovered amongst the officers of the line to induce the militia to rise against the actual government in favour of the Pope . The officers of rank were seven , aud about 100 in all . They have been all exiled and de * prived of their rank . Amongst tbem i 3 the Duke David _Bonelli , of the dragoons , who , a few days before , had returned from Gaeta . The threat of excommunication has produced no effect in the rural districts , and the people are universally determined to vote in the election of the Constituante .
Old _Zunchi has sent from Gaeta a bundle of ' orders of the day / to be distributed among the barracks , calling on the military io rise against the government , and put down the ministry . This step is at once ludicrous and lamentable : what more laughable than a soldier ligbting his pipe witb an 1 order of the day , ' and what more deplorable than a provocation to civil war coming from a council of cardinals ? A decree has been issued , signed by all the members of the Provisional Government , by which it is made a grievous act of treason to the state to impede or in any way oppose the meeting of electors or the working of the general election of the Constituent Assembly . England ' s shame !!!
The flogging of an English sailor on board the Bull-dog at Civita Vecchia , has brought to discount in Rome our character as a civilised people . La Constiluente of the 16 th says the report gams every day fresh confirmation that a Spanish squadron , with 12 , 000 Spanish and Portuguese soldiers on board , has sailed for Gaeta . TUSCAN . Y . —The Tuscan Moniteur et the 10 th inst . contains the speech of the Grand Duke of Tuscany on the opening of the Chambers , which took place on tbat day . On the 23 rd ult ., the . Imperialists defeated the Szeklers , near Hidveg , but the latter again rallied , and subsequently , in conjunction with the Magyars , who had arrived in those parts , attacked and routed the Imperialists , and took possession of tbe important town ot Klausenburg .
SPAIN . Royal Amusements !—The barbarous execu * tions wbich lately took place at Castellon de la Plana ( province of Valencia ) , seem to have been accompanied by more heinous atrocities than usual . Eleven civilians ( some say twenty-nine ) were dragged out of their _houses , and shot , without any form of trial or the smallest proof of any complicity with the insurgents being alleged against them ; afterwards their bodies were thrown into a cart , and drawn through tue to mi , by way of administering a salutary admonition to the inhabitants .
POLAND . The Polish inhabitants of the grand ducby of Posen are beginning to display again considerable activity . The great' Polish League' ( Liga Polska ) commenced its _sittin-js at Kurnik , on the 10 th inst ., after a solemn high mass had been celebrated by the archbishop . TURKEY . Belgrade , Jan * . 8 . —The Sulfan has issued a firman , in which he accords to Christians the privilege of attaining to some of the hi ghest dignities , even that of Pasha or Vizier . The Mussulmans have manifested great indignation at the publication of this firman .
UNITED STATES . A resolution bas been adopted by tbe House of Representatives , instructing tbe proper committee to report a bill _abolishing tbe slave trade in the district of Columbia . Ic contained a preamble denouncing , in very strong terms , the general principle involved in slavery , and bad of course created considerable excitement . According to the latest accounts the cholera was spreading rapidly . At New Orleans it was very
bad . This frightful epidemic had likewise appeared at Mobile and in Texas . At Fort _Larson , Texas , it raged with intensity for two weeks ; forty deaths occurred at Bayley in one hour , and forty in one night . At Port Lavaca 135 persons died . The dead were piled in heaps . One account says that half the regiment was swept eff ; another account that only seventy-five had died . The camp was broken up . The disease has since abated . Teirible consternation pervaded the inhabitants . There wtre thirteen cases at Houston .
INSURRECTION IN CEYLON . The following is an extract from a letter from an officer in the Ceylon Regiment of Rifles :- ' I have just time to write a few lines to say I am preparing my small force of 100 men to meet an attack of thousands of Kandians , as the country is again
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rising , in _rebellion . The weakness ofthe Government measures in the last insurrection has brought on a fearful crisis . ' The _Kandians were stated to be destroying all before them . [ This insurrection has beeu excited by the savage atrocities of the British Governor . ] rV nili _, " -- -- -fl r ¦
DESTRUCTIVE FLOODS IN GERMANY . great loss of life and property . Vienna —The ice on the Danube and the Danube canal , in consequence of the sudden thaw , began to loosen during the night of the 15 th , and so complely blocked up the Danube canal that the water rushed from the sides over the banks , and laid the suburbs of Leopoldstadt completely under water . Towards one o ' clock many of the streets
near the Danube were seven feet under water , and the _baeementjatories , shops , stables , and cellars were completely flooded . Several craft floating dowri the Danube were shattered to pieces against the masses of ice , aad at the chain bridge the blocks of ice were piled up almost as high as the bridge itself . Several lives have been lost . One of the pillars of the large bridge on the Danube lias been carried away , and injured four pillars ofthe railway bridge _.
The Wiener Zeitung of the 18 th gives a detailed account of this event , aud states that on the nig ht of the 16 th the water providentially began to sink , and hopes are entertiined that it will pass ( iff without causing much more damage . In many houses in the suburbs the water reaches the first story , and whole families have been plunged into ruin . In the neighbourhood between Vienna and Presburg the ice also shows indications of a rise . Bavaria . —Dates from Nuremburg , to January 15 th , state that in consequence of the sudden thaw the Pegnitz rose , at midnight , to the greatest height within the memory of man . Many lives , it is said , are lost , and the damage sustained by the warehouses lying along the banks must be very great .
The Rational Mode Of Permanently And Pea...
THE RATIONAL MODE OF PERMANENTLY AND PEACEABLY ADJUSTING THE PRESENT DISORDERED STATE OF EUROPE . SECTION FOURTH . Law 24 . " The townships shall be composed by a regular populatioa of from about five hundred as a minimum , to about two thousand fire hundred as a maximum . " Reasons for this Law .
' Man is , with the exception of his natural qualities at birth , a being whose character is formed for Mm by the external objects which surround him . He is altogether the creature of these circumstances , acting upon his individual constitution , as given to him by the Great Creating Power of the Universe . Or it may be thus stated : As is the _original organisation of any one at birth , and as are the circumstances which influence it from birth . to death , so will be tbe character of the individual , or his conduct through any period of his life .
It therefore _bewmes of tbe first importance to learn the science of the influence of circumstances over human nature , in all its varied combinations , in order to know what external objects will have a good or evil effect upon all individuals . The townships now proposed are a scientific combination of the most favourable circumstances in which to place from birth through life individuals of every varied natural compound of faculties when born . The number of the population within wliich each union should be limited is one o f those circumstances .
Each will have to cultivate the soil , to manufacture , to educate , or to form character , and to govern . To effect these four objects in the best manner , will require a population from five hundred to three thousand—perhaps the best fixed number will be about two thousand . This population will give numbers of the different ages the most convenient for the attainment of these four objects ; or , when mines and fisheries are to be substituted for manufactures , the number will yet remain convenient for this exchange of employment . A population of this amount will give the number of children that can be the best educated
in one establishment , to form a family that will be the most easil y well looked after , cared for , and well governed ; suppl ying , also , convenient numbers for agriculture and manufactures . * : Their numbers can also be arranged , for all domestic purposes , in such order that no street , lane , court , or alley , will be required in any of these townships , however wide the circle of their extension ; and streets , lanes , courts , and alleys , are inferior and unfavourable circumstances in which to place any of the children of humanity , who by this " new constitution are intended to be excluded from the evil influences of all inferior and injurious external objects , animate and inanimate .
This minimum and maximum of numbers can be most convenientl y lodged , fed , taught , and rationally amused , in buildings which will form a square of such dimensions as will be beautiful and magnificent , under well-devised architectural arrangements — - arrangements which will afford the utmost extent of private and social accommodation and comfort , forming , in fact , a palace , with appendages far in advance of the palaces yet erected for sovereigns , either in ancient or modern times . The arrangements will constitute an aggregate of buildings , including colleges , and public
apartments ior superior instruction and amusements , that will accommodate the entire population of three thousand with every desirable private minor arrangement for each adult ; and accommodate tbem while single , and after their marriage , more fully to enjoy , when requisite , the individuality of their nature , or when desired , their social nature , [ than it is practicable to attain these advantages under any existing arrangements in any country , governed as all are under the laws , institutions , and arrangements emanating from man's laws .
Law 25 . " As these increase , they shall be federativel y united , for local and more general purposes , in tens , hundreds , thousands , & c < , until they may extend over the whole of Europe , from north to south , and irom east to west , without , since the discovery of the electro-magnetic telegraph , the least inconvenience on account ef distance . "
Reasons for this Law . It is the interest of each one of the human race that there should be but one interest , one language , one general code of laws , and one system of administering them _, these unions offer the most natural , easy , and speed y mode of effecting these _g _* at _» nd always to be desired results . Ihe federative . connexion of _theBe townships by tens for more limited local _objects , by fifties or hundreds for more enlarged operations , and by thousands for the most extended interests , to ensure peace and _goodvnlltlirough every district and clime , will be effected
witbout difficult y ; for it will _' be discovered tha , the highest and more permanent interest ot each one ov er the world will be the most effectuall y secured by these townships and federation of townshi ps without limit , until the population of the globe shall be cordiall y united as members of one family all activel y engaged in promoting the happiness of each other . These townshi ps , thus separated and united , will form palaces , surrounded with gardens , pleasure grounds , and highly cultivated estates , on each side of all tbe railways , which will traverse every eountry in the most convenient directions for all general purposes .
-^ Wspapl-Rs The Far West<__1 , Ir E , H...
- _^ _WSPAPl-Rs the far _WEST <__ , ir , heard that there is one published in 5 e fai west where ink and paper are so scarce thatthe txJste _-t- ? £ __?_ _Z $ ' _ £ l _*~ - _^ -
To The President Of The French Republft)...
TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH REPUBLft _) . Sir . —You have been elected by the voice of thc nation to preside over the destinies ofa people who have made a revolution , not for the temporary benefit of particular classes or parties , but for the permanent advantage of thc entire population . Of necessity , you are surrounded by men of mere class and party , who will endeavour to induce ™ _™ _» P _^^ ni _^ T
you to adopt measures in accovdanco with thenlimited and erroneous views ofthe present state ot the public mind of Europe . You will act wisely by disregarding all limited views having reference to partial interests . None such can now permanently succeed anywhere , but less ill FriUlOO , where the minds of too many are wide awake to the gross ignorance and injustice , not to say murderous cruelty , of the existing most injurious system by which tlie world has been so long irrationally governed .
There is _btitone mode by which , in the new state of thc public mind of the world , you can govern well and wisely , secure permanent prosperity to France , and insure a name to yourself , far exceeding the popular feeling so strongl y expressed in favour of your late extraordinary relative . The world demands peace , wealth , knowledge , unity , charity , and goodness . The means everywhere super-abound to attain and 6 ccure these blessings , not for a few , but for all ; and those means may now be . easily applied for universal practice .
Have you men around you , or can you call those around you , who can and will combine the means fo produce these results ? If you can , your election to the presidency of France -will be the greatest gain the world has yet known : if you cannot , you must soon give place for other changes , and for change to succeed change , until those results shall be secured for society . Difficult as this task may appear to minds steeped in error and involved in mysteries which no one comprehends , the principles and practices of the change are almost simplicity itself . The principles are contained iu au accurate knowledge of human nature , and the practices in comprehending tho means , and how to apply them , to create the best character for each individual that his natural or
created organization will admit ; w luch practices can be attained solely by gradually , peaceably , and wisely superseding all the existing vicious aud inferior external circumstances that surround all , by those circumstances only which are good and superior , and always in accordance with human nature , and with all nature . This change , thus shortly expressed , may now peaceably , economically , and most advantageously for every one in all lands , be introduced without disturbing , prematurely , the existing governments , or interfering with the private interests or station of any individual ; but on thc contrary , during thc whole change , society , erroneous as it is in all its parts , may be far better protected than it now is , or can be , under the false system in which the whole world is involved and thrown into
conflict and confusion . Under tbis change of system , constant , beneficial , and pleasant employment may be easily found for all ; while the change may also be made to insure a valuable and superior varied character for all ; to unite all ; to create charity and affection in all for all ; to make wealth superabound everywhere , and to be enjoyed without contest , jealousy , or rivalry and gradually to make this earth to become Ihe paradise , for the creation of which the materials are new everywhere so abundant . « The time for falsehood , deception , and superstition has passed ; but those around you do not yet know how to adopt true principles , and to apply them scientifically or correctly to practice . Or , if they do , they are not so placed as openly to declare it to you with the fulness and faithfulness which is
now required . If you have the power of mind to comprehend society in its whole extent , to foresee coming events , and to prepare wisely for them , then there is a glorious future for you—France , Europe , and tht world . It is , therefore , now to bo proved if you are the man required for this extraordinary crisis in the progress of humanity . If you arc , you will discover that there is but one course for you and your minister- - f o pursue . And that is , at once openly and- frankly , to proclaim lo France and to Europe , that , disregarding all the old prejudices of society , you will adopt the
only measures which can insure beneficial permanent employment to all , —well educate all , — enable all to well govern themselves locally , and effect these results peaceably , through a well foreseen transition state of governing , in which , gradually , an entire change in every department of life shall be made , from the present inferior external circumstances , to those only which are superior . This transition state will he found to be more easy of execution now than to continue the present system under any form that has been , or that can be devised ; for the entire system is worn out , and cannot be resuscitated to satisf y the population ol any country .
Declare to Europe that your desire is to introduce this transition state immediately into France , and that you recommend all governments to adopt similar measures , and you and they -will be supported b y the best portion of the population of Europe ;—for they arc tired and disgusted with this useless , endless contest between aristocracy and democracy , having discovered that both arc utterly unequal to good government ; both being ignorant bow to create a good and useful character for the human race , or to produce abundantly a superfluity of superior wealth for all , or how to supersede the present universal vicious and inferior external circumstances by those only which arc good and superior .
Should you aud your ministers desire more full and detailed information how this transition government is to be commenced and successfully maintained , until the glorious change shall be accomplished with the knowledge and approbation of all in every country , it shall be given as freely as this letter has been , by The friend of humanity , Robert Owen . 55 , Jermyn-slreet , Jan . 20 , 1849- London .
The Demands Upon Our Columns Prevent Us ...
The demands upon our columns prevent us giving more than the following extracts from Mr . Oastler's Twelfth Letter .
TO THE PEOPLE OF ENGLAND . _Fellow-Countuymen , —Should I have succeeded in removing the notions that our two great industrial occupations—agriculture and manufacture—have different interests ; that either of them can prosper upon the ruin of tbe other ; or that protection—regulation—is not necessary for the prosperity of both , I have not laboured in vain . If truth now rules the minds where error lately _tri . umphed , I am thankful .
In nay review of the probable effects ( on themanufacturers of English merinos ) by the adoption of " Free selling as well as free buying , or Free Trade fully and fairly carried out , " I assumed tbat the first alternative was accepted—viz " To yield the palm to the ¦ cheapest' producers . " -1 did not , however , think it probable tbat our British manufacturers would so quietly succumb . 1 imagine that the spirit of rivalry will induce the majority , at whatever loss or sacrifice , to " drive the competition to its utmost limits , until those manufacturers who can exist on the lowest possible wages and profits , having destroyed the property and the value of the labour of their rivals , gain the prize . "
I am to assume that the _conteBt for pre-eminence has begun , between the owners of £ 5 , 000 , 000 of British capital , hacked by 80 , 000 British operatives , and the owners of £ 3 , 000 , 000 of foreign capital , hacked by 50 , 000 foreign operatives . The exclusive privilege of supplying the whole world with ' cheap" merinos is the prize for which tbey strive . —The desideratum so long desired is now obtained — "A clear stage and no favonr . " " Free selling as well a _» free buying , " I am to suppose , is the universal code ! The foreigners , in starting , have a clear twentv per cent , in their favour . The British , iu surmounting tbat difficulty , must suffer great privations .
Lower wages will be the first means adopted . The miseries entailed on that effort need not be described . Distrust and jealonsy between employ _, ers and employed , with 80 , 000 operatives and their dependants reduced from the enjoyment of comfort to bare necessaries , form no trifle in the estimate of social life ! An increased demand willbs sought for . British merinos , at whatever loss , will be pushed into forei gn markets . This extension of supply mu-t necessaril y lower the prices . That reduction , the
The Demands Upon Our Columns Prevent Us ...
manufacturers must meet by diminished cost in production . n . . Our rivals would continue to inundate the Uritish r a-rket : —to drive them out , our stocks would be *• almost throvrn away , to keep the connexion . " It is objected— " our hig h prices would debar us from their markets as well as from our own ? ' _' Then , our manufacturers would not have crossed the lists-now , they have entered the ring , contend they must—win , if they can ! Competition urges its votaries to try unthoughtof expedients . Frauds , schemes known only to those well versed in manufacturing mysteries , reduced wages , lighter expenses ( implying longer and heavier toil for all engaged ) , enable the manufacturer to produce an article at a lower price . manufacturers by _diminUhed cost in
Merinos are thus " cheapened ' everywhere . Ladies are decorated with low-priced dresses ; but the makers thereof have bare backs , empty stomachs , weary limbs , aching heads , and broken hearts ! The owner * of the capital as well as the operatives , necessarily suffer great loss , and undergo many priva tions—the natural consequence of that " cheapness" in ladies' dresses . Fellow-Countrymen , weigh in the scale of reason that gain against that loss . Tell me , is the deterioration iu the value of that capital , in the social and moral condition , the mode of living , the personal and domestic habits of that mass of human
beings , compensated for by the fact that ladies ' merino dresses are cheaper ? '' Say , are the agonising tortures suffered by that mass of your neighbours , while " coming down" from their ju _4 position of comfort among you , atoned for , hecause some ladies are decorated at a " cheaper " rate ? Ask yourselves , is the rent made in our social edifice , by _transforoting 80 , 000 friends to foes , healed by the gain made in the merino dresses of our wives and daughters ? Is it wise , or safe , or politic to make the State ' s defenders into the State ' s _assailers—to gain a trifle in the dress of ladies ?
Victory be yours , brave fellow-countrymen ! Prove that your endurance of privation is as great in ihe murky mill as in the field of gore 1 Prove that you ply the shuttle with as _ika-lly aim as the musket or the sword 1 Ay , prove your valour in the workshop , as in your wooden walls ! And—what then ? What laur * U have you gained ? You have _secund an extensive but a profitless market for " cheap" merinos ! Is it urged— " You overlook tbe grand result . The strife being ended—competition having done its work—the markat is Our owb wages and profits must rise ? " I » it so ? Then have the men who raged against monopoly heen instrumental in its establishment 1 Will" the L » aguers" assent ?
Briefly to thc close . The remnant of the £ 3 , 000 , 000 , and of tbe 50 . 000 operatives now deprived of employment , will necessarily add to ihe force of competition raging " rritli intense keeness in other branches of _industry : say cotton , silk , flax , wool , brass , lead , iron , & c . Thus the pressure and misery in these fields of labour will be increased b y -till further reduction of wages and profits , making it matter little who wins the _priz-i ! The winner will be in worse plight than were the combatants ere the strife began . True , the produce of industry and sV \\\ will be universally " cheapened" —in other word 6 , tbe skilful aud industrious will have been plundered and robbed , and " cheapness" itself will be mockery !
My Countrymen , weigh well the charges of that war , and say , Is " cheapness" worth the price inflicted ? _Reason , Common Sense , Humanity , Justice , Religion answer—No 1 I remain , _Fcllow-Countrjmen , The friend of _commercial concord , Richard Oastler . Fulham , Middlesex .
The Sea Sewest Ao.Us'.—Extract Of A Lett...
The Sea _Sewest ao . us ' . —Extract of a letter from an officer on board her Majesty ' s shi p Plumper dated at sea , January 1 , 184 1 ) , to his relative in Bath ¦ . — " Yesterday morning I was at the mast head , looking out for the squadron , when what should I sou but a long black thing in thc water . I hastened on deck anu told the captain . He looked at it and found it was the great sea serpent . He immediately culled the officers aft to see it . It came close to us , holding its head about fifteen to twenty feet a little out of water . It bad a kind of mane on its back , and a white breast—a very ugly looking beast , very much resembling the picture in tho Illustrated London News , only the head was sharper . Two artists have taken sketches of it , and I will bring one with me when I oome home . I dare say you will think this all a hoax , but wait with patience , and you will see an account of it in the papers . —A ccne ' _s _Batli _Joto-iutf .
On Physical Disqualifications. Gexehative Incapacity, And Impkdiments To Lialuuage.
ON PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATIONS . GEXEHATIVE INCAPACITY , AND IMPKDIMENTS TO liAlUUAGE .
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Twenty-fifth edition , illustrated with Twenty-Six Anatonn _* cal Engravings on Steel , enlarged to 11 MJ pages , price 2 b . ( id ; by post , direct from the Establishment , 3 s . 0 U _, iu postage stamps .
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rpHE EXTRAORDINARY _PROPERS J- ties of this medicine are thus described b y am eminent physician , who says : — " After particular obser _* vation of the action of Pakh ' s Pitts , I am determined , " iu my opinion , that the following are their true proper- ' ] ties : — " First—They increase tlie strength , whilst most others medicines have a _weakening effect upon the system . Left any one take from three to lour or _wx pills every _twenty-i four hours , and , _instead of liavim ; weakened , they will oes found to havo revived the animal spirits , and to have im . - parted a lasting- strength to the body . "Secondly—Iu their operation ' thoy go direct to _tlici disease . After you have taken sis or twelve pills yuu will ' experience their effect ; tlie disease upon you will bcconiei less . and less by every dose you take ; and if you wUl peree- < vere in _regularly tulcini * fruin three to six pills every _tlayj your disease will speedily he entirely remored from tha ystom .
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FAMED THROUGHOUT THE GLOBE . HOLLOWAY'S PILLS . A CASE OF DROPSY . Extract of a Letter from Mr . William Gardner , ofJLing . ing Haugbton , Northamptonshire , dated September 14 th , 18 + 7 . Siu , —I before informed you that my wife had been tapped three times for the dropsy , but by tlie blessing of God upon your pills , and her perseverance in taking th tm , the water has now been kept off eighteen months hy _tlitir means , which is a great mercy . — ( Signed ) " _iYiuliam G . _tKD . _HKB . —To Professor HoUoway .
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TO Mil . PROUT , 229 , STRAND . "No . ii 08 , _Picei-dilly , London . Oct . 1 !> . 1 S 47 . ** Sib , —It is now throe _yeurs and a half since I was _^ _i- _;< : . Y afflicted with Rheumatic Gout , the _sufl ' cring from _wl-M induced me to try all the proposed remedies that _exteu-iu ' medical experience could devise , without obtaining i . H _. v Hatisfactory relief from pain . During oneof _theparoxysni _' ' * friend advised me to try Illair ' _s Gout and _liheumatic _I'iik observing that lie liad in some severe cases taken * l » ' _- ' _himsi'lf , mid they proved very successful . I _instaa _- ' y adopted bis advice , aud to my joy the excruciating _tuiw-r-t soon began to abate , and a few boxes restored mc W health , since which I have had no return ofthe uoniplaiut _. I trust you will give publicity to my case , that _si-iil-rias : humanity may know how to obtain a remed y for tliis _tli _"' - tress ' iny : disease . —I am , Siv , your obedient humble _serv ;; _-.: * , _JIlCHAEIi >' ASSltTII . " The above testimonial is a further proof of the effieney ol Blair ' s Gout and Rheumatic Pills , which afford speedy relief to those afflicted with gout , rheumatism , _lumbng'i . sciatica , tie-doloveux , pains iu the head and face , and :. ) 1 analagous complaints .
Mlint And Gkntlemkx, Women And Lad'ks' —Men Ai-U Quarried From The Living Rock As With *
_MliNT AND GkNTLEMKX , WOMEN AND _LaD'ks ' —Men _ai-u quarried from the living rock as with *
Thunderbolt, L-Entleinen Are Moulded, As...
thunderbolt , l-entleinen are moulded , as tne potter ' s clay , by the dainty ringers of fashion . Women are the spontaneous growth of u warm , rich SOiIwhero the wind blows freely , and thc heait fee s the visiting : * of _tJod _' s ever changeable weather . Ladies are the on - spring ofa hot-bed , the growth ofa greenhouse , tended and watched lest the winds of heaven may visit their faces too roughly , till they are good for nothing as woman , ut any rate , as wives or motherf ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 27, 1849, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_27011849/page/2/
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