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. * ** ; - January 27, 1849. THE NORTHER...
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;tffonday next, tbe 29th of January, bei...
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THE LIFE OF TIKXttAS PAINE, Author of "C...
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~SsS f Alluding to his pamphlet, publish...
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THE LAND. THE REMARKABLE TRIAL OP THOMAS...
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mtmwxxw
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MARYLEBONE. A new play by Mrs. Mowatt, e...
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STANDARD. On Tuesday evening a new drama...
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ASTLEY'S. The ' Wars of the Jews,' and t...
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A Sr.Avo.vrc Tkaoj*»y.—Four Montenegrins...
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Vavittiw.
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^ m.s.-An American lecturer on wives say...
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and Francis-Bixepj* j* r'"'^>-. -: ^i I ...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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. * ** ; - January 27, 1849. The Norther...
. * _** ; - _January 27 , 1849 . THE NORTHERN STAR . - 3 - j ¦ 1 ~ '
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;Tffonday Next, Tbe 29th Of January, Bei...
; tffonday next , tbe 29 th of January , being the _ananrersary ofthe birth of Thomas Paixe , we suspend OOT extracts from Brr . ox , to make room for the following _appropriate poetical compositions—each some My years old , but , like good wine , none the worse lor age . _^ THOMAS PAINE . ¦ I tt | hc 3 edisastrous , _dismaldavs of " riot , " "law , " -. _£ _& and " libel , " When men almost suspect the right , —they have to _vrbread the bible rifc-renturc still to tell the truth , —may yon approve ithe strain , Aprjghis the way to please you most , —Til strive to _^§ ££ give you J ' aiite . ' ___ was a wan whoso name w . 13 Ptfijic , a man of
* - _% i Common Sense , _3 jHs > c ame from Philadelphia , here , Ms knowledge & 5 ? f to dispense;—; _JfeTtaught that men had equal rig hts , as equal sons > _" % j of nature , _S _^ riv _'d by universal grant , from Heaven ' s _legisla-?§ i ture . — _ajffc taught that on thc people's will all lawful power ¦ i _^ _S ? depended , _yjjjjat governors wore for the good of the governed ¦ r § _3 _intended;—i »» d many other wholesome truths , —all _form'd on i _? _jjj __ Reasons plan , Sir , _^ _jjl p wrote within a little book , —and call'd it Rights _ySfc ? of Man , Sir !
_rJStHie Nation soon approv'd tbe book , tbey read and t _|| p understood it , _-Sffcr certain rogues ( whom I name not ) , with jea-] _M : Ions aspect view'd it _;—J-siiid many a courtly sycophant , its page witb terror _x _| -f _traces—« For , if each man had but bis right , —the rogues i _^ _f would l ose their places ! _iSjhen , Billy Pitt , he _rais'd a cry , —a cry of _con-S- sfcrnation , sd
J _^ Wbicbrou the roguish andthe duped , throughout -Sf | . ' - the British nation _;—fcglhat Cburcb and State were tumbling down \— and _^ ruin hover'd o ' er us!—gfThe lords nnd parsons stretchM their throats , —and gf | ' join'd the horrid chorus _!—Stl-ike Quixote , that renowned knight , —so fam'd in H Spanish tale , _jS _& adfull as mad , _stepp'd Edmundf forth , —equipp'd | fe in courtly mail : — s » £ e , from the treasury , took a spear , — 'twas tipp'd £ _§' .-. ivi tfi gol ' . I , andpoime'l , : _^ nd on " his arm he bore a shield , —g _iy ' n by the ~ S $ , Lord ' s _anointed!—iffhus arm ' d with power , lie thought divine , — he Sir- rush'd into tbe battle , _IrsAnd on the little staymaker , l most furiously did
ranle , — Be threw his darts sullime , § about , —and rav d of " plots" and "treason ;'But Freedom ' s champion stood unhurt '—for he was clad in Reason . — "When courtiers found his arguments could not be overturned , They cunningly concluded , be by Proxy should be burned!—In every town , through this good realm , poor Paine was executed ! And what their wisdom could not reacb , —the faggot
5 : has confuted I—§ Tho' buried with tbe _dead , _^ be is , —by loyal under-H takers , Wife spirit still pervades the land , —and never will for-¦ &' . sale vs ;—§* We'll drink a bumper o ' er bis tomb , —a tribute of 9 . = affection ! C And wish tlie sleeping Rights of Man , —A _srEEDTRE-?| SCRRECIIOX I ! [ 5 "; " —
THE RIGHTS OF MAN . TnxE , " God save the King . " God save tbo rights of man ! Give bim a heart to scan Blessings so dear ! Let tbem be spread around , Wherever man is found , And witb the welcome sound Ravish his ear ! See from the universe , Darkness and clouds disperse ;
Mankind , awake ! Reason and truth appear , Freedom advances near , Monarchs "with terror hear—See how they quake ! Long have we felt ihe stroke ; Long have we borne the yoke , Sluggish and tame : But a _~ new era shines , Enlight ' ning all _darkened minds ; Spreading to distant climes . Libertv _' _s flame !
Let us witb France agree , And bid thc world _beTfree , Leading the way . Should _tryants all * conspire , Fearless of sword and fire , Freedom shall ne ' er retire , Freedom sball sway ! Godlike and great the strife , life will indeed be life , When wo prevail : Death in so just a cause , Crowns us with loud applause , And from tyrannic laws , Bids us all hail !
0 er the tyrannic pow ' rs , Big indignation low- ' rs , Ready to fall ! Let the rude savage host , In their vast numbers boast , Freedom our mighty trust . Spite of them all . Fame ! let thy trumpet sound , Tell to the world around , Frenchmen are free . Tell ribands , crowns and stars , Kings , traitors , troops , and wars , Plans , councils , plots , and jars , We will be free .
God save the rights of man , Give Iiim a heart to scan Blessings so dear ; Let thein be spread around , Wherever man is found , And with the welcome sound Ravish his ear !
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The Life Of Tikxttas Paine, Author Of "C...
THE LIFE OF TIKXttAS PAINE , Author of "Common Sense , " " Rights of Man , " & c & c . London : J . "Watson , 3 , Queen ' s Head _Passage , Paternoster-row . "It—N c are perfectly aware that to mention the name of Thomas Paixe , unless for the purpose of coupling it with abuse—rancorous , orthodox abuse—of the man and his works , is neither fashionable nor prudent . But our mission is to speak and write the truth without fear of man , not excepting the self-appointed censor of this journal—the prophet-member for IVest-Surrev .
Love ofthe truth bids us notice and recommend this publication , in which is narrated the principal events in the life of the worldfamed " rebellious needleman . " There have been several biograp hies of Paixe published , some by friends , some by foes , all at a comparativel y hig h price . The _work before us , "b y the editor of the National , " [ not the French journal of thatname , ] is a sketch rather than a biograph y , but , _regarded as an abridgment , perfect of its Mnd ,
f 4 . and exceedingl y well written . The author _pthough an admirer , is not a blind worshipper U _* f the author ofthe "Ei g hts of Man . " " ] _S c-||| hing extenuate nor set down aught in malice , ' * _flight have been very appropriately selected _gs _*| s the motto of this work . | _^ Thomas Paine was born at Thetford , in :- # ie count y of Norfolk , on the 20 th of Januarv l & : Is _^ When little more than sixteen years of age , llg raw and adventurous , and heated with false faieroism , '' he entered the privateer service . _illPubse- _'uently he worked at Ms _trader—that of _Qgaymaker—both in London and Kent . _zjjm In the year 17 G 4 he obtained a place in the _tit -- * Curious enough , both TnoMAS Paixe . _pgad PiOBEiiT Buitxs were Excisemen ' _^ _sf " Searching auld wives' barrels , . % m Och—lion ! the day !" _S _^ i- _" -- ' * « like Bukxs , Paixe was too indepeni _|* pt for that odious service . Those conversant - Ipirh the life of Scotland ' s bard , will remember
~Sss F Alluding To His Pamphlet, Publish...
~ _SsS _f Alluding to his pamphlet , published under that _^§» ' '"" American 1 var - ' jgf-EJiiiund Burke , the author of _"Refections on _^ _msj rinrh Revolution , drc . " P _33 | PaiiiC ' _"v-ls a _ttopmal-er , bv trade _, si $ ••¦ AlluduiB to the * said Edmund Burke ' s pubhea-•|» a »; entitled , " The SMimeand Beautiful . " J He was then _livin < _r in _fraiice , being exiled _flutes country _.
~Sss F Alluding To His Pamphlet, Publish...
that on one occasion that mighty son of song was told by the Commissioners of Excise , that he was to act , not to think I Thereupon Bukxs took out his pencil and wrote : — " In politics if thou would'st mix , And mean thy fortunes be ; Bear this in mind—be deaf and blind ; Let great folks hear and see !" Paixe turned pamphleteer , and of course became unpopular with his " superiors . " A pretext was found tor dismissing him , and once again
" The world wa 3 all before him where to choose . " He selected America . He had acquired great proficiency in mechanics , mathematics , and astronomy , and these acquirements sufficed to obtain him the friendshi p of Fraxkux , at that time in England . Furnished with letters of introduction from that celebrated man , Paine proceeded to America . He arrived at Philadelphia in the winter of 1774 , " a few months previous to the commencement of hostilities between Great Britain and her colonies . " The American Revolution called forth his powers . The hour struck , and the man was not wanting . " Common Sense' was written at the close of the year 1775 , and published on the lst of January , 1776 " . "
The popularity of " Common Sense , " " terrible in its consequences to the parent country , was unexampled in the history of _thepreas . " Within a few months the sale ran to one hundred thousand copies ! "On the lst of January a word was spoken by a poor staymaker by " the 4 th of Jul y it had been repeated from Vermont even to Georgia ; on that day the _Independence of thirteen States was proclaimed ; a home and rallying place was established for Freedom ; and from that day to this , far-throned monarchy has not ceased to quail , in sad presentiment of its assured doom . "
On the 10 th of December , 1776 . PaiIl * published the fu * 3 t number ofthe " Crisis , " which , commenced with the thunder-toned and memorable sentences : — " These ahe the times that try Mex ' s Souls 1 The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will , in this crisis , shrink from the service of their country , but he that stands it now deserves the thanks of man and woman . Tyranny , like hell , is not easily conquered ; yet we have this consolation with us , that the harder the conflict the more glorious the triumph . I " The "Crisis'' was continued , as occasion demanded , until the consummation of the Revolution .
In 1777 , Paixe , who had been serving with the patriot army , was appointed b y Congress Secretary to the Committee for Foreign Affairs , which office he resigned in January , 1779 . About this time the degree of Master of Arts was conferred on him by the University of Philadelphia . A small landed estate , and votes of money granted b y ! New York , Pennsylvania , and the General Congress , testified the public sense of the important services he had rendered to the oause of American Liberty .
After thirteen years' absence from his native country , Paixe returned to England . Within twoyears after his return , the French Revolution commenced . In November , 1790 > the pensioned apostate _Buiike publishedhis " sublime and beautiful" (?) " Reflections , " and early in 1791 , Paixe published his celebrated reply . It will interest our London readers to know that the First Part of the " Rights of Man , " was written " partl y at the Angel , Islington , partl y in Harding-street , Fetterlane , and finish ed at Versailles . " The sale was immense ; indeed , to an extent unprecedented , unless we except " Common Sense . "
Both threats and proferred bribery , on the part of the Government , having failed to prevent the publication of the Second Part of the " Rig hts of Man " prosecutions were commenced against both publisher and author . _Hazlitt testifies to the sensation excited by this masterl y work : — "Paixe ' s 'Rights of Man' was the only really powerful reply ( to Burke ' s 'Reflections' ) , and indeed so powerful and explicit , that the Government undertook to crush it by an ex officio information , and by a declaration of war against France to still the ferment , and excite odium against its admirers ; as taking part with a foreign enemy against their prince and country . "
His " Rights of Man" gave to Paixe an European popularity , and in the autumn of 1792 , he was elected to the French National Convention , b y the department of Calais . A popular ovation welcomed him to Calais , where he was received with shouts of " Long live Thomas Paixe ! " For an account aud explanation of his conduct in the Convention , we must refer the reader to the work under notice , We quote the following anecdote , given in this work , on the authority of Cuo
_RlCKmax : — " BOXAPAIITE AXD PAIXE . " When Bonaparte returned from Italy , he called on Mr . Paine , and invited him to dinner : in the course of his rapturous ecstasies , be declared that a statue of gold ought to be erected to him in every city in the universe ; be also assured him that he always slept with his " Rights of Man" under his pillow , and conjured him to honour him with his correspondence and advice . "
In 1802 , after an absence of fifteen years , Paixe returned to America , where he passed the remainder of his days . He died at Greenwich , near New York , on the 8 th of June , 1809 , aged seventy-two years and five months . The widely-circulated fables concerning the manner of Paixe ' s death , are investigated and confuted in this work . 'Tis a pity that those who have mouthed so zealously against Paixe ' s "infidelit y , " had not bethought them ofthe lines of Pope : — " Let not this weak and erring hand Presume thy bolts to throw ; 2 for deal damnation round the land On each I judge thy foe . "
The judgments of men are , indeed , ridiculous . They canonise Charles I ., a hypocrite and blood-shedder ; they have no doubt ofthe salvation of " Fun the Fourth ; " yet they have no scruple in condemning to perdition a man who devoted his life to the glorious task of promoting the political freedom and social happiness of his fellow-creatures I Ah but Charles I ., and "Fum the Fourth " were orthodox , and Paixe was heterodox . Listen , yo self-ri g hteous and uncharitable _traducers , to the sublime words of the man ye condemn : —
" Who art thou , vain dust and ashes ! by whatever name thou art called , whether a King , a Bishop , a Church , or a State , a Parliament , or anything else , tbat obtrudest thine insignificance between the soul of man and its Maker ? Mixn Tins ** own * _coxcerks . If he believes xot as mou believest , it is a _pboou THAT thou believest xot as he _believeth , _axb
T 1 IERE IS XO EAI 1 TU 1 T P 01 VER CAN * _DEIEuMIXE BEI _* TEE _* ior . " As regards Paixe ' s political p rincip les and writings , thero can be but one opinion entertained by all who sincerely desire to do unto their lelfow-men as they would be done unto . For the long-oppressed , long-cheated millions , Paixe demanded Justice—nothing more . The objection sometimes urged against Paine , that he set too hig h a value on mere political changes , to the neglect of social reforms , is
hardl y put with fairness . Paixe , though he said little about social reform , laboured to arm the masses with the power to effect any change they might think fit , however sweeping . With Tjmversal _Suffi-age , it is clear that the working classes might accomplish any reform they pleased . The _imsuso ofthe suffrage in France and America is no proof of its inutility . A man , instead of shaving bis Wlj J mi his nose off , but such a misuse ofthe razorwhether caused by ignorance ov madness-is ao argument against the utilit y of that Terr ust foi article .
Those who , as _Pve-ormers , look upon themselves as more advanced than Paine , would do well to remember that the people arc- not yet even up to _Taixe ' _s mark .
~Sss F Alluding To His Pamphlet, Publish...
Doubtless the people may be taught much valuable knowledge not to ' be found in the " Rights o f Man " but vast masses have yet to learn " Why they bear bondage when they might be free , " and for such Paixe is an invaluable first teacher . May the day speedil y arrive when Englishmen will have the " Common Sense" to establish the "Eight of Man , " and thereby pay the most fitting homage to the genius and virtues of Thomas Paixe .
The Land. The Remarkable Trial Op Thomas...
THE LAND . THE REMARKABLE TRIAL OP THOMAS _£ _TEN CE , THE _AGRAltfAN REFORMER . [ Concluded . ] After having read the whole of the " Letters'' constituting the " Restorer of Society to its Natural State , " Mr . Spence proceeded to address thejury as follows : — Gentlemen , though doubtless you are now sufficiently convinced of my upright intentions in writing , and publishing this obnoxious book , yet , as it is a very serious thing to he convicted of a libel , and , of course , to go to prison , I hope you will indulge me a little further in defence of my philanthropic mtentious .
My father used to make mv brothers and me read the Bible to him while working at his business , and at the end of every chapter encouraged us to give our opinions on what we had just read . By these means , I acquired an early habit of reflecting or every occurrence which passed before me , as well as on what I read . Advancing in years , and finding myself and father ' s family involved in continual difficulties and embarrassments , notwithstanding all our economy and industry , I could not help imputing all our privations and hardships to the bad system ofthe world . I had admired that certain degree of justice and equality to be seen in the institutions of Moses , which , nevertheless , not coming
up to my notions of justice , I framed a system that I liked better . A generous system that should suit _a'l the nations ofthe earth . A system unhampered with the childish narrow-minded divisions of tribes and families , and other nurses of hereditary pride . I was confirmed in mv proceedings by the delectable description of earthly felicity , figuratively set forth by the Prophets and Apostles , as coming on the earth in tbe latter days . And I found also as I proceeded , that the hopes of a future blessed state arising from pure justice , was congenial to the ideas of all men- For religious people look for such a state under the notion of a _milleniutn , philosophers in an age of reason , and poets in a future golden age . Wherefore , I was certain the ground work of such blessed society must be quite different from
anything I bad hitherto heard of . For , as I had found of the Jewish , so also I find of every other celebrated establishment , ancient or modern , that they had been but transitory , and soon shrunk away before encroaching monopoly . I also perceived this was all owingtooneand the same cause , a mixture of injustice in their original composition , which , by empowering rich men to purchase , and hold their fellow creatures as slaves , and also by depriving many others , even freemen , of all property in the soil , such fabrics were only deceitful , and with respect to liberty , were mere castles in the air . Thus was I more and more confirmed in the necessity of a plan that should through impartial justice , claim permanence , and , in every respect , be becoming such a state as the millenium .
Thus , gentlemen , you see there is a concatenation of ideas which we cannot prevent , and which leads us on from one thing to another . Besides , we often find notions dart into our minds in a manner so unexpectedly , that , if not allowed to be by inspiration , ig very like it . _"NYherefore , though thoughts , wicked and maliciously , aiming at the detriment of mankind , mav , if you will , he said to be instigated by the Devil , yet surely apian , arising from the contemplation of Scripture , and constructed on the purest princi ples of justice , so as in truth to be the constitution ofthe future golden age , ought to be imputed to a different source .
Now , gentlemen , is it my fault tbat any class of men should be at variance with every picture of human happiness ? Would it not be better to suppress the Bible than to suffer poor wretched creatures to delude themselves at the hazard of imprisonment , with hopes of milleniums and new Jerusalems , wherein there is to be no more sorrow nor crying : of a new Heaven and a new earth , wherein dwelleth righteousness—that is , justice . When men shall beat their swords into ploughshares , and their spears into pruning hooks ; when nation shall not lift up sword against nation , neither shall they learn war any more ; when they shall sit every man under his
vine , and under his fig tree , and none shall make them afraid ; when governors and people shall live in peace and amity ; when the wolf shall lie down with the lamb , and the leopard shall lie down with the kid , and the calf and the young lion , and the failing together , and a little child ( in politics ) shall lead them ; when the earth shall yield her increase , and God , even our God , shall bless us ; yea , when there shall be showers of blessings ; " when the people shall not labour in vain , nor bring forth children for trouble ; for they are the seed of the blessed Jehovah , and their offspring with them ? I say again , would it not be better to suppress the Bible , than suffer us thus to be deluded bv golden dreams only to
our hurt ? ~ But , gentlemen , the suppression ofthe Bible will not be sufficient to reduce us again to a state of stupid contentment , under bad systems . For every history and novel present hardly anything else to our imaginations , but deplorable pictures ofcrime 3 and woe , flowing from the bad systems of society . Who , then , can wonder at people of good hearts endeavouring to find out a remedy ? This bad system makes the good bad , and the bad worse . Perhaps , even Judas would have been nei ther thief nor traitor , if there had been no land to purchase , nor other means to fix his property . But , that being the case , he knew how to dispose of his acquis ! ions , let them be ever so much . Ilis mere
daily bread was , therefore , by no means satisfactory . He was a treasurer , and had it in his power to filch from the public stock , and did not neglect the opportunity . This made him zealous to increase the supplies , for well he knew that the more tbat was put into the public purse , he could take the more out . Therefore he made a great clamour about the waste of ointment . " Itmigbt have been sold , { said he ) for three hundred pence and given to the poor . " Not that he cared for the poor , but because he was a thief , and had the bag , and bare what was put therein . So we find that , what with his filchings while he was treasurer , and selling his master at last into the bargain , he was enabled to purchase an estatejustlyentitled the field of blood !
, , Now , gentlemen , can I be blamed for attempting to put an end to such work ? It is purposely for the sake of putting an end to such Judasism , and the temptations that lead thereto , that I wrote my book , and all my books these six and twenty years . For well I know that we can have no millenium nor reign of justice while every villain can thus consolidate and fix his ill-gotten wealth . If , therefore , we do not wish such characters to become our legislators , our magistrates , our landlords , and , in short , our masterswe must shut the door against them ,
, in the manner I have shown in this same book . Gentlemen , it is said that the state ofthe damned is doubly miserable by being within sight of the blessedness of _Ileayen , as instanced inDiYes , Just so the wretchedness of our condition increases , in proportion to the progress of common sense , which shows _<* o much _happiuesi to be within our reach . What , then , shall he done with this dangerous incendiary c _ommon sense ? How shall we banish him from the world , that both the oppressors and the oppressed may live in peace ? But I need not aslt such questions , if we consider for what I am brought here . For this is nothing but the trial of common
86 However little some people may think of plans of government , every tradesman , mariner , and _military _Commander ' knows that a plan is the very _^ ifeaud soul of business , andthat the _moresimple _^ P _™ » » if it embraces the whole concerns intended so mud morep leasantly and effectually _* _W B _» _^* _IIewe how nations are to be conducted without plans , Heave to the advocates of confusion to explain . t 0 Ge « tlSn , this is a foolish _trieJ-f _J-gJj _2 sava so Princip es never lost anything b > _trial—K raihefgainby it . ™ . _Wtoab _^ rfjg « _J cinles and , therefore , cannot be affected , whatever become of me . It is like a two-edged sword , _dan-SoTs topEy with , for it will cut both ways . Itis fite trvta- trigonometry or multiplica ion table for as _tbev- _' cannot be overthrown , so neither con _ my nolitcs or n _* V intentions be proved more cnmmal C the invention of those , or of any other art or
SC When I began to studv , I found everything erected B _^ _SSa _^ _aarts ? _fnvin-r _a-der and justice , I should here stand _S _^ hy _^ _^ _rVv- _. _' _-Fssavon Go vernment , " and many other ° _? t ° nSf as well as the Bible , have conlenialform of government , and , therefore , _sucttD 00 K _ ought injustice to stand or _™ l _™ th _™ ne _- _Xch th-Twe consider natural reason ( says _^• • _jXJ f £ tells , us , tlmi men being once bow , _ha-, ea . »• , - ¦ _*•**
The Land. The Remarkable Trial Op Thomas...
their preservation , and , consequently , to meat and drink , and such other things as nature affords for their subsistence , or revelation , which gives an account of those grants God made of the world to Adam and to Noah and his sons , it is very clear that God , aS S R " , . , _^ ' Sa , u- 15-16 . has given the earth to the children of men—given it to mankind in common . This , gentlemen , istherights of man , and upon this rock of nature have I built my commonwealth , and the gates of Hell shall not prevail ag unat it . I am serious , gentlemen , and always was upon this business . And , moreover , I solemnly avow , that what I have written and published ha * been done with as good a conscience and as much pbilanthropv
as ever possessed the heart of any Prophet , Apostle , or Philosopher that ever existed . And , indeed , I could neither have lived or died in peace , haviug such important truths in my bosom unpublished . My works will sufficiently justify themselves . Then what ought I to be considered in this business , but the unfeed advocate ofthe disinherited seed of Adam ? * or this trial is , in fact , not my trial , but the trial of the rights of the whole species that are alive now , or ever shall live on the face of the earth , to the end of time-the trial of the rights ofthe widow ard fatherless , the infantand tlie hoary head , the blind and the lame , the dumb , and all those who have no helper . Therefore , gentlemen , tbere never wa « since the creation ofthe world a trial of such magnitude .
I would have written to the samo effect in any other age or nation . 1 have no such narrow views as an ere to one country only . My politics are for the world at large . And , had I been learned , I would , perhaps , have wrote in Latin , which is an universal _language . But . knowing but one language , I urn obliged , like the prophets and great men of antiquity , to write in my mother tongue . . I formed my pUn , gentlemen , out of charity to the rich , as well as the poor . If we believe the best of writers , the rich are in the more pitiable case of the two ; and far deeper in crimes , and muoh more in danger of eternal damnation . I could cite thousands of passages to that purpose from the Scriptures and other works . They are depicted in almost every
book and drama as exceedingly unhappy in every respect , as if in all things a curse hung over them ; hay , in their _vei-y courtships and marriages , by the arbitrary interference of their hard-hearted ambitious parents and guardians . And where ean there be greater injustice than in their treating all the children but one in a family as illegitimate ? Neither will any say that such customs are at all favourable to virtue . Therefore , since the present _.--ystcm of things renders both extremes unhappy , and affects even the middling classes with ambition and avarice , as well as it afflicts them with the fears of falling into the ever yawning gulf of poverty , I bring my friendly constitution as a day ' s man to lay his benevolent handa upon them all , saying peace be unto you ; be happy .
Be not , gentlemen , abettors of oppression . Remember the fate of Joseph ' s house . He neglected the opportunity which God gave him of being the friend of human nature , and of paying the debt of gratitude , which he owfd to the good-hearted Egyptians , for all tbe benefits they had so liberally bestowed on himself and his kindred . Yes , if God sent him to save life , he certainly did not send him to return evil for good , through partiality to the insatiable views of tyranny , and to reduce a whole people to the most abject bondage . However , this he did . But Providence punished his and his father's house ,
though he vainly thought he had exalted thera for ever . The very pit that he had dug for the poor Egyptians , his own posterity fell into : and when another 'King arose who knew not Joseph , the whole family of Jacob was trodden down by means of that very power which this heaven-born minister had given to . the crown . Therefore , let no man think of aggrandising his family at ihe expense of the public welfare . Let them think of the _Iaraelitish brickmakers , and learn to promote the happiness of their fellow-creatures , if they really wish well to their own posterity .
Gentlemen , the consequence of a verdict against me this day , will be that no man must any more propose aught for the public g _^ od . No , not even a new tax ! It is really a curious trial , gentlemen . What is this plan of mine but a law unpassed ? Every bill brought into Parliament is only a theory till assented to by the legislature . But , perhaps , it may be said , that such as I , a labourer , have no right to think of , or propose new laws . Then let it be so . Let us know tho full extent of our debasement . We know that all persons are now accounted of only according to the property they are connected with : and so are servants aad dogs . We
know likewise that property is the nation , as Burke says—which is saying that property is tbe public , and that the publie is property , and all things are ordered accordingly . For the laws are made by property , and for property . Men , then , are out of the question except as appendages to this same property . For , if eVen a legislator loses his property , he immediately loses his power of _legislating , and descends to the insignificant class that I am of , while all his former consequence is transferred to his successors along with the said property . _£ Here Mr . Spence read several extracts from the writings of Dr . Priestly . " ]
My opinions , gentlemen , on this subject have not been taken up lightly or lately . I first of all formed them into a lecture , which I read in the Pliilosophical Society of Newcastle-upon-Tyne , in the year 1775 , which I immediately printed , _ani have been continually publishing them in one shape or other ever since , and I do not perceive yet , notwithstanding the parliamentary report , any harm they have done to mankind to merit this usage . I bave likewise been in the constant habit of discussing them with all degrees of people , from Members of Parliament and Dignitaries of the Church down to the Labouring Classes , and however interest might make us appear of different opinions , yet no man
ever imputed to me any evil intention . Indeed he must be wilfully blind that does not perceive my plan to be the most favourable to every virtue , and the best preventative against every species of vice , and , of course , would be productive of the greatest portion of happiness . All the objections ever made to it , after due investigation , are , that it is impracticable ; but that I have nothing to do with . It is enough for an individual that he proposes the public good , and it the public will not practise it afterwards he is guiltless . But I think , gentlemen , instead of prosecuting people for proposing plans of human happiness , those rather should be prosecuted that keep such things back , after being persuaded of their utility . But that is a crime never was imputable to
me . [ Here Mr . Spence quoted certain passages from Harrington ' s works . ] I shall now conclude with tbe opinion of Lord Loughborough on the Liberty of the Press . " Every man , " says he , " may publish at his discretion his opinions concerning forms and systems of government . If they be wise and enlightening the world will gain by them ; if they be weak and absurd they will be laughed at and forgotten ; and if they be bona fide , they cannot be criminal , however erroneous . " This , gentlemen , is my defence . When the defendant had concluded , Lord Kenyon
observed , that if any honest man could entertain a doubt in this case all , the arguments he could use would not make it more clear . The jury immediately found the defendant guilty . The Attorney General then moved that he should be ordered into custody till brought up for judgment , and he was committed to Newgate . On the 13 th of June he was brought to Westminster Hall for judgment , when he made a second defence as follows , the four judges being present : — My Lords—If I did not conceive your lordships who preside in this court , to be by your situations the _mojt independent men in the nation , I should be discouraged from making any further attempt at a de ' ence . For what I have already said has been so
misconstrued , misrepresented , and disguised , both by the Attorney-General , and the news writers , that except from your lordships , I despair of any chance to candour or fair dealing . I am held up to the public as a fool or a madman , representing private property , both real and personal , as intolerable grievances , and which , in every parish throughout the kingdom , I would have belong to the inhabitants of the 5-arUh . Whereas I am giving only the land to the parishes . And again , tliat I likened myself to Moses , the Prophets , Apostle 9 , & c ., than which nothing can be more foolish and libellous , if such a person as I can be libelled . For your
lordships know that I only said , that I wrote that I did with as good a conscience , and as much philanthropy as any prophet , apostle , or philosopher that ever existed , a-id which I make 110 doubt your lordships believe to be true . 1 know the public opinion differs greatly concerning how thoy would have me treated . The greater part think it would be best to treat me ard my opinions with contempt , as has been hitherto done with so much success , and this manner has been _particularly practised by the most professed Champions of Liberty . And it is only the inconsiderate and hotheaded that thirst afiervengeance and violent mode 3 of dealing .
I think your lordships must find yonr elve 3 in no small dilemma in this affair . For by your decision you have the timorous people of property to satisfy , and at the same time the honour of yourselves and the nation , and even of the age , to take care of . For you know , my lords , there is such a thing as history , and , consequently , posterity , that take cognisance of such matters as these , which violent people pay no regard to . So , my lords , though I do not love _imprisonment , nor indeed ou _^ ht _, especially in the poor friendless state I am in , ytt I reckon myself entirely out of the question .
My lords , if 1 am punished that no more _theories of government may be written , I believe it will be without cause , % there does not seem room for another * _&* 5 only vacuum that remained I have filled
The Land. The Remarkable Trial Op Thomas...
up . But as original and radical legislators have arisen so very se'dom to disturb the world , and , as I observed before , there does not seem any more room , let no pusillanimous fears be a sp'ir to any d cision that wid not be readily justified by impartial posterity . Perhaps , my lonis , I have entertained too high an ep ' mion of human nature , for I do not find mankind very grateful clients . I have very small encouragement indeed to rush into a _prison , on various accounts . For , in the first place , the people without treat me with the contempt due to a lunaticfir it is
, only thc governmtnt wish sto mak _« me appear as of consequence , and the people within treat me as bad , or worse , tban the mist notorious felon among them . And what with _redeeming and ransoming my toes from beini * pulled off with a string while in bed , and paying h _-avy and manifold fc s , there is no getting _tnrou-.-h the various imp sitions . Indeed ,. before a pooi- man is sent to prison , he , or somebody for him , ou nt to Ime a few _nights' licence on the highwav , M turuwh him with money for the multifarious _occasions he will have . Honesty cannot be expected to ( In it , ( specially in these _t-m-s .
[ Here he made an apology for Mr . Kirby , as these things were unknown to him because it was dangerous to complain , for nobody could conceive what dreadful work went on among such ruffians but taose who have had the misfortune to be locked im with them . ] ' 1 bus , my lords , one robbery cal ' s loudly f _< r another , and tbis being too much the ca-e _through the whole system of society , no wonder mankind are so much depraved . _No-v , niy lords , it is the onlv hope I entertain of a good system working reformation in the manners of thehuman race that reconciles me to my thank _' c-s task , evon though it has brought me before this tribunal .
Wherefore , I hopo your lordships will deign to look upon me rather as a fellow-labourer than a culprit . For while you are employed in only _striking Oft the heads of this monstrous hvdra of corruption " as fast as tbey sprout , I strike at the body , with th « viw of wholly destroying it . So to whatever vour _lordaliips shall doom me to in so laudable a cause , 1 sball ehferfully submit . The Judges , after hearing this second defence , consulted together , and remanded him back to prison till that day week , when he was asrain brought up and sentenced to suffer ONE YEAR'S IMPRISONMENT in the jail of Shrewsbury , and to pay A FINE OF TWENTY POUNDS TO THE KING »
Here conclude our extracts from the report of this remarkable trial . We add a few words explanatory of the after life of this persecuted Reformer . The fine was paid b y Mr . Spence s disciples , and on his liberation , after twelve months' imprisonment , he recommenced business as a bookseller . He published the report of his trial , the book from which we have gleaned tbe information contained in this and the two preceding- numbers of the Northern Star .
His last publication was entitled the "Giant Killer , '" a weekly periodical , of which only three numbers appeared , as he died suddenl y at his lodgings in Castle-street , Oxford-street . He died of what is now commonly termed English Cholera . His age was "somewhat more than sixty years , " " forty of which he had devoted to the cause of justice and humanity . " Thomas Spence was buried in the burial
ground , Tottenham Court-road . * A funeral oration was pronounced over the body by a disciple , Mr . William Snow . As yet no stone or other memorial marks the spot where this persecuted friend of mankind at length found rest . "When will the gratitude of the working classes raise a fitting monument to commemorate the virtues , and martyr-like sacrifices of this model-man of their " order" - —Thomas Spencer
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Marylebone. A New Play By Mrs. Mowatt, E...
MARYLEBONE . A new play by Mrs . Mowatt , entitled ' Annand ; or , the Peer and the Peasant , ' wa * produced here last week , and announced for repetition every evening until further notice with the apparently unanimous sanction of a crowded audien -o . The action of 'Annand ; or , the Peer and the Peasant , ' as it is called , is laid in the time of Louis XV . The profligate Due de Itiche vw has a daushter by a secret marriage , whom he takes the greatest pains to _conceal from his Sovereign , fearing that she may suffer from the corrupt influence of thc Court . She ia brought up in a humble cottage , and forms an attachment to a young peasant named Armand . Tbe King discovers her retreat and becomes enamoured of her , and Richelieu , learning this fact , giv- s her a sleeping- _> _drau- » ht , intending to remove her when she is apparently dead . She swallows this unconsciously ,
and it take 3 effect while she is dancing as Queen of a May festival with her lover Armand . She is supposed to be dead , and is laid out in rural state in the cot ' age . The King pays a visit to the corpse , and finding Armand is mourning over it , take .- a liking to the young man , and invites him to join the army . Richelieu , who comes to remove his daughter when the effect of the drug shall bave passed , is annoyed at finding the King in the cottage , and with difficulty contrivts to get rid of him by the time Blanche awakes , when he places her in a convent , and forbids her to think any more of Armand . The rest of the story which is less striking than the Gr = t part , consists of her resi-ting the dishonourable proposals of the King at Court , and her final uni _> n with Armand , who has risen to a high post in the army . Mrs . Mowatt , the authoress of the piece , _wasabo its heroine , and phyed her part well . She was well _supported by Mr . Davenport as Armand .
Standard. On Tuesday Evening A New Drama...
STANDARD . On Tuesday evening a new drama , entitled " The Mirror of Death , " was performed at thi- theatre . Thc plot is Italian , and is full of striking incidents . That excellent piece , " The Waits , " and the Pantomime ( which we noticed in our last number ) followed ; and we are happy to see that they deservedly continue to draw overflowing houses .
Astley's. The ' Wars Of The Jews,' And T...
_ASTLEY'S . The ' Wars of the Jews , ' and the Pantomime , ' Robin Hood , or the Pretty White Horse , " continue to attract crowded audiences to this popular place of amusement . The play is a version of _Jo-ephus , and abounds with the divisions and sanguinary feuds of Eleazar , John of Ghischala , and their partisans , and the horrors of famine consequent upon the siege of Jerusalem by the Romans . We think a much better dram * mig ht have been founded on such materials . Ananias , the high priest , and Jos phus , the historian , were respectably represented by Messrs . Fredericks and Crowther , and we were amused by some humorous passages by Mr . Attwood , as Barnabas , whose courage , like Acres , always vanishes on the approach of danger . The Pantomime is on the usual scale of magnitude and grandeur of previous ones at this theatre , aud elicited the hearty laughs and applause of the juvenile portion ofthe audience .
A Sr.Avo.Vrc Tkaoj*»Y.—Four Montenegrins...
A Sr . Avo . vrc Tkaoj _*» y . —Four Montenegrins and their sister , aged 21 , going on a pilgrimage to the shrine of St . fiasilio , were waylaid by seven Turks in a rocky defile , so narrow that they could only thread it one by one ; and hardly had they entered , between the precipices that bordered it " on either side , when an unexpected discharge of fire-arms killed one brother , and desperately wounded another . To retrace their steps was impossible , without meeting certain and shameful death , since to turn their backs would give their enemy the opportunity of destroying them at pleasure . " The two men w * ho were unhurt , therefore , advanced , and returned thc fire , killing two Turks , while thc wounded one supporting himself against thc rock ,
tired also , and mortally injured two others , but was killed himself in the act . Ilis sister , taking his gun , loaded and fired again simultaneously with her two brothers , but at the same instant one of them dropped down dead . Tho two surviving Turks then rushed furiously at thc only remaining Montenegrin , who , however , laid open the skull of one of tliem with his yatagan before receiving his own deathblow . The hapless sister , who had all the time kept up a constant firo , stood for an instant irresolute , when suddenly assuming au air of terror and supplication , she entreated for mercy ; but the Turk , enraged at the death of his comrades , was brutal _enough to take advantage of tho unhappy
girl ' s seeming _asronyt and only promised her life at the price of hci' honour . Hesitating at first she pretended to listen to fe villain ' s proposal , but no sooner did she see him thrown off his guard than she buried in his body the knife sho carried at her girdle Althoug h mortally wounded , tho Turk endeavoured to make the most of his failing strength , and plucking thc dagger from bis side , staggered towards the courageous girl , who , driven to despair , threw herself on her relentless foe , and with superhuman energy hurled him down the nei ghbouring precipice , at the moment when some shepherds , attracted by the continued firing , arrived just too Iato for tho rescue .- — Sir J . G . Wilkinson ' s _Dahnatia and
_Monteneiiro . Kottixcham . — Operative Library . —The committee of thc No , 1 , Operative Library have just published their fourteenth annual report , by winch it appears that the number of volumes in circulation are 1 , 734 of moral , entertaining , and scientific knowledge . The expenditure of the past veav _v .-as £ -539 s . 2 d . ; the income £ 34 Is . 3 d ., leaving a UIirc q due to tlie treasurer of _£ 18 % lid .
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^ M.S.-An American Lecturer On Wives Say...
_^ m . s .-An American lecturer on wives says-•• As well might the farmer have tho Venus de Medicis placed in his kitchen for a wife , as some of our fashionable women . Indeed , it would be much better to have Lot ' s wife standing there ; she mi _» ht salt his bacon . " ° Not Orthodox . — The New York Evening Post states that the monument to the memory of a gentleman , formerly of the Park Theatre , has been refused a place in the burying-ground up town , because it bears a motto from Horace , not of an Orthodox character .
Politic a . l Economy . — " Will you never learn , my dear , the difference between real and exchangeable value ? " The question was put to a husband who had been lueky enough to be tied to a political economist in petticoats . " Oh , yes , my dear , I think I begin to seeit . " " Indeed ! " responded the ' ady . "' Yes , " replied the husband . "Forinstance . my dear , I know your deep learning , and all your other virtues . That ' s your real value . But I know , also , that none of my married frionds would swap wives with me . That ' s vour exchangeable value t "
THE LAN'D . " With equal ri ght might the atmosphere be bott ' ed , or the sunshine barrelled up , and sold out in ' lots to suit purchasers , ' as the earth to be hacked m pieces and withheld from its rightful owners . "E . G . Buffwn . "Go back to the first period of man ' s existence . What shall we find there ? Nothing but one wide common , a wilderness , on which man . for the first time , has imprinted his footsteps . Of course , it belongs to all equally . "— Thomas Slidmore . . "Capital is man ' s product—he made it ; but lam ? is the Creator ' s product — he made it , and gave it not to a part , but to all the human race . " -. / . K . Fisher .
The Butchkr and the Sailor . — A . butcheiat Hull , let a sailor have a shoulder of mutton on trust ; and hearing , a few days after , that hehad gone to America , hesaid , "My word , if I had known that he never intended to pay , I would have charged him a halfpenny a pound more than
I did . " Kosciusko . — Kosciusko , the noble P _» Hsh patrior , who fought for American Libertv in 1773 , _revisited the United States in 1708 , leaving a certain sum of money in the hands of his friend Thomas Jefferson . In October 1817 , _Kosciuski died at _Soleure , in Switzerland ; since then the _pro-iertv left in America has _accumulated to a sum over _Gl ' , 000 dols . Ilis heirs at-law ( the children and grandchildren of bis sisters ) , have applied to Congress to recover his property .
Drci . _inino Live . *— Declining life begins from about forty and extends to about fifty-two , in women ; in men , it commences at about fifty and extend * to sixty . Advanced a < je , or incipient old age , ranges from about fifty-three to about sixtyfive , in women ; in men . from sixty to seventy . Ripe old age ranges from sixty-five to about seventy - five in the fema e , and from seventy lo eighty in the male . A Ueaso . v fok _MAimYJN * G . —The friends of a wit expressed some surprise that , with his age and his fondness for tbe bottle , he should have thought it worth while to marry . " A wife was necessarv , " hesaid ; " they began to say of me that I drank too much for a sinqlc man . "
War . — V oltaire thus expresses himself on the subject of war : — "A hundred thousand mad animals , whose heads are covered with hats , advance to kill or be killed by their fellow-mortals covered with turbans . By this strange procedure , they want to know whether a tract of land , to which none of them has any claim , should belong to a certain man whom they call Sultan , or another whom they call Czarneither of whom ever saw , or ever will see , the spot so furiously contended for : and very tew of those creatures who thus mutually butcher each other ever beheld the animal for whom they cut each other ' s throats ! From time immemorial this has been the way of mankind almost all over the earth . What an excess of madness is this ! and how _deservedlv
might a superior Being crush to atoms this earthly ball—the bloody nest of such ridiculous murderers !" Welsh . —The following lines on a silk-worm are an instance of a complete stanza where tlie letters are all vowels , even the consonant w being equivai lent to oo in the English tongue : — " O'i wiw wy i wau e ii , —o'i au Ei wyau e weua ; E wywaeiweaua , A'i weaau _, i ' w ieuau ia . " In English thus : - " From his own eggs the busy worm Attempts his hasty webs to form , Like rings on ice they seem to view , Beauteous like those , and brittle ton . "
Scotch Pronunciation . —Going into a shop to buy gloves , Thomas Campbell made trial of many pairs , but none would fit him . 'No , " he said , turning away from the counter , " those won ' t shoot ( suit ) me . " "They won ' t shoot you ? no , but I think they might suit you , " observed the glover _, rather sharply . "Why , sir , " said Campbell , you should live at the sign of The Pronouncing Die tionary ! " "And you , " he replied , " should be my first purchaser ! " The poet was _delishted with the man ' s ready wit , and told it with much glee to Miss Wayow . —Life and Letters of M : T . Campbell . A well-known penurious charactur , residing some years in Bath , invited a friend to dinner , and provided two mutton chops . On removing the cover , he said , " My friend , you see your dinner ; " which lus friend immediately ( with his knife and fork ) took to himself , remarking , "I do ; I wish I could see yours . "
A Native Indian Editor . —The Choctaw _Telegrcqyh has made its appearance at the West—a new paper , issued at Doaksville , in the Choctaw nation . Itis edited by Daniel Folsom _, a native Indian . Aristocratic Robukry . —Athol forest measures 100 , 000 English acres , and is solely occupied by red deer . Why is the letter T best suited to Grenadier companies ?—Becanse it makes all men Tall men . Mr . Dickens ' s Haunted Man ought to be persecuted by several ghosts , instead of one , for he is many shades worse than his predecessors .
Mr . Ethan * Spike's _Spkbcii for _Gen-krai . Taylor .- " Who ' s Gineral Taler _, " says I . He ' s one of the people , " says I . He haiiit a loky foky , " says I , "nor a Whig , nor a free syler , nor nothin else , " says I . " He can lick Mexicans _faster ' n you can say Jack Robinson , " says I ; " an hates niggers more ' n he does pison . I go for him , " says I , " neck or nothin , now , and if there ' s one individaol in the saound of my voice as isn ' t a Taler man , an darst to own it , " says I , " I'll lick him , darn him ! " says I . When I got this off , cheerin an stamping was dredful , an father—who was a leetle groggy—sung aoufc as laoudas he could ball , "Them ' s urn ! Go it , Ethan , give it to ' em ! Hooray I Hooray ! An then he throwed off his hat an stomped on it , and kicked raound , an _screech't an squalled in _sieh a onairthly way , that they had to tie him an carry him hum . — Boston Chromotype .
Boz ' s new Work!—On the 16 th instant , m Devonshire Terrace , Mrs . Charles Dickens was safely delivered ofa son . What a House should be . — A house should bear witness in all its economy , that human culture is the god to which it is built and garnished . It stands under the sun and moon to ends ana "; : g _'* us , but not less noble than theirs . Jt is not for festivity _, for sleep ,- but to bo a shelter always open to the good and to the true . Let a man say , " My house is heroin the country for the culture of the country , an eating-house and s _' ecping-house for travellers it shall be ; but it shall be much more . I pray you , O
excellent wife , cumber not yourself and me to get a curiously rich dinner for this _) man _\ ov woman , who has alighted at our gates , nor a bed-chamber made ready at too great a cost ; these , things , if they are curious in them , they can get for a few shillings in any village ; ralher let ibis stranger see , if he will , in your looks , accents and behaviour , your heart and earnestness , your thoughts and will , which he cannot buy at any price in any city , and which he may well travel twenty miles and dine sparely and sleep hardly to behold . Let not the emphasis of hospitality lie in bed and board ; but let truth , and love , and honour , and courtesy , flow in all thy deeds . —Emerson ' s Lecture on Domestic Life .
Cages for Larks . — A few days ago , a man was brought before the magistrates of Newcastle ( Staffordshire ) , charged with having committed a breach ofthe peace while intoxicated- Magistrate : " Well , my good man , what have you to say for yourself ? " Prisoner : "Your worship , I only did it for a lark . " Magistrate : " Well , my good fellow , we have g"t cages for larks at Stafford Gaol . "—He was committed .
MOWRWN * r- _'NKER . _PARTV . I tell you what , philosopher , if all the longest heads That ever knocked their sinciputs in stretching on the rbeds , Were round one great n-. _ahigany , I'd beat those find old folks With twenty dishes , twenty fools , and twenty clever jokes ! Why , if Columbus should be there , the company would beg , He'd show that little trick of his of balancing the e _& tr Milton to Stilton would give in , and Solomon to salmon , And Roger Bacon be a bore , gammon ! ¦ Dr . Holme ' s Poems ( American . )
" Grace before meat , " as tbe when she laced herself so tight swallow . Bunn v . Jenny Lind . —The of " Bunn v . Lind" has at _la-t been for the sum offered before namely , £ 2 , 00
And Francis-Bixepj* J* R'"'^>-. -: ^I I ...
and Francis-Bixepj * j * _r _'" ' _^> _-. _-: _^ i I _Ss-sy _^ _i yonng _J _& lys _^ _arWi tha j _^ ho . _cWd ? ** J ; _^ fp t _i pi _longgoTif *? s *« d _^ _ig _sefjued ,, - \\ _teayfa _litigatiotfconW . _ei _)^ _gi _^ _K nd _Francis-Bi _* _- " * B _* % » _- » _- ' - ' y _^^ ' _^ _- _^) h \ . ¦ _mg __^ yi _^^_ _- ; : C ' _yj that _^ _Rc _^ dbt" ; 7 '' _-i ) _ngMii ( w * 4 dii _* pil < /•¦ : - - / _isefWi'd / _itfis-SSWr 17 i _atio _^ conw . _^^ \ iv _£ ¦ 3 ( _£ & _i" + _sJP ) K _-TK- _* - _ — A
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 27, 1849, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_27011849/page/3/
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