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heard of *rv Times Andrews and other chi...
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, j*rarfttt0, &t.
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CORN. Mawc-Lam, Monday, Jan. 22. - The s...
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DEATHS.. We regrets to record thc death ofWilliam John VlwteH Wilkinson ,. Esq., of Exeter, former's Mayor of that ri:>.
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mm representative ot the Devonshire Char...
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rrinted b y WILLIAM KIDER, of No. 5, Macclc^^'f inthepnrUhofSt. Anne. WesUninster. at tt«> M' u niiv
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office, 111, Great Windmill-street, Hayi...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Added That The Wind Had Been Blowing Fro...
hsA confided to his care under a written and more definite contract than appears to have existed between them . At the same time the jury most emphatically condemn the practice of farming pauper children in the houses of strangers , because the system engendered b y it affords to unprinci pled persons disastrous opportunities of defrauding the poor children of their proper food and clothing , in a manner the wickedness and evil consequences of which do not seem to become publicly apparent , nor to produce such adequate effect on the minds of directors and guardians of the poor as to lead to correction of the evil until disease has produ « ed the most awful effects on the hel p less population of snch establishments . " The inquiry , after lasting in the whole fourteen hours , then terminated . LVQUEST AT _KEN'SLVGTOX .
On Thursda y , January ISth , Mr . Wakley , coroner , held an inquest in the Board-room of the Kensington workhouse , ttloucester-road , Kensington , on the body of John Wilkins , a boy five years oi age , one of the twentv-three boys belong ing to that parish removed from Mr . Drouet s establishment at Tootim _* . on thc 4 th inst ,, » nd ff _^ u f X- 1 > attacked with eholera , from thc effects of which he died on Sunda y , thc 14 th inst The jury proceeded to the dead-house to view the body , which presented an appearance of considerable emaciation , and on their return to the Board-room the following evidence was taken : — _Dasxah Wilkixs deposed that she was an inmate of that workhouse , and was the mother of tho
deceased child , who was five years and three months old . Was present at the death , whieh took place about eight o clock on the evening of Sunday last . The deceased was brought homo on the 4 th inst ., and slept with witness on that nig ht . He seemed yery well and had some tea and bread and butter . In the course of the night he awoke in a state of apparent alarm , and on witness questioning him on the subject , he said the nurse at Tooting had struck him on his little nose and mado it bleed very much , and he thought she waa going to do so again . Deceased was seized next morning ( Friday ; > th ) with -vomiting and purg _in--- , and although he had medical
assistance he continued to get worse till he died . By the Coroner . —Deceased had been at Tooting about seven months . Saw him there several times , but always in the presence of the porter . Had another child there . She used , generall y , to take with her aome bread and butter , when she went to see them , which they ate most ravenously . They frequently complained of not having enough to oat , and on her questioning them on the subject , they said they had not enough to eat at any ofthe meals . The deceased looked very well when she visited him after he first went there , but he soon seemed to be falling off , and appeared more sickly and weakl y than before .
The Cokoxer here desired the daughter , nine years of age to be brought into the inquest room . She was brought in , in the arms of a nurse , wrapped tip in a blanket , and by being carried across the arms of the nurse in the manner of au infant , _appeared to be much younger than had been stated . \ Mr Waku _* t inquired if anything was the maitcr with her , vrhen the master of the workhouse and Mr . Guazzaroni and Mr . Goodrich , two medical officers of the parish , said she had heen ill for some time , and was suffering from itch . On the blanket being opened atthe feet , the lower part of the legs were found to be covered with rags , but sufficient of the feet and legs were visible to show that the flesh was covered with brown marks of itch , which were said to extend in the same manner all over the bodv of the unfortunate ? irl .
The Coroseb said he he had never before in all Jiis life seen such a bad case of itch . It was really fri ghtful . Mr . _Goonmcn said in all his experience of thirty rears . he had never before witnessed such a dreadful cage . It "was really awful . He was the medical attendant at the workhouse of St . George , Hanoversqoare , in the Fulham-road , where there -were 250 children placed , and there was not one single case of itch . Mr , Blackweia explained to the coroner and jury that the girls had been removed from the Tonting establishment ever smee the 9 th of November last , in consequence of the complaints of some of them that Mr . Drouet ' s brother had acted improperly
_to-Trards them . Tho girl was then rcmovod from thc room , and the Coroner repeated that she was a perfectly sickening sight , to which Mr . Goodrich responded : It is indeed ; it ' _s frightful . Matilda Pearmas deposed that she was a nurse in the Kensington workhouse , and attended the deceased from Friday , the 5 th instant , to thc time of Hs death . He was seen every day by both Mr . Guazzaroni and Mr . Abrams . He was attacked with vomiting and purging , and p laced in hot blankets , and medicines given him , and also wine . He got better , but afterwards got worse again , and sank until he died .
The Coimvxer said he would next examine some of the children who had been with the deceased at Tooting . _Fassv _Batlev deposed that she was fourteen years of a » e , and while in Mr . Drouet ' s establishment waR a helper in the ward in which the deceased boy was p laced . The Corokeh . —Did you ever complain ofthe food yon had at Tooting ? Witness . —So , sir . I was always afraid to speak about Mr . Drouet , or what we had to eat , for fear of punishment afterwards . By the Coroxbr . —Had not enough to eat while at Tooting . The breakfast consisted of a slice of bread , and a shallow white soup p late full of gruel made of flour . Had seen it made in the kitchen , and was sure it was mado of flour , and not oatmeal . Had "heard many others complain about the food . The boys were worse off than the girls , as they were not paid for working , and the girls were paid
twopence a week for working . The Coroxer . Now , on your oath , had you ever , while at Tooting , enough to eat ? "Witness . —Not when I had my meals in the hall , nad enough when I wasin the ward , as the nurse gave me more than the allowance . The beef was hard at Tooting , and the potatoes had frequently the disease , and when eat were quite black . Sometimes the slices of bread at Tooting were not half the size they were at the Kensington workhouse . Would rather not go to Tooting again . The fire in the schoolroom was a small stove ( not open ) at one end ofthe schoolroom , Upon her lea . ving , in November last , she had only one blanket on her bed . The Coroxer ( seeing the witness well clothed in a good warm cloak ) , said he supposed that those clothes had been given them by the Kensington guardians .
Mr . Blacrwell said that was the fact . "When both the girls and boys were brought from Tooting they were all ragged and tattered . Thomas Mills , a short thick-set boy , of twelve years of age , was next examined : He could neither read nor write , and did not know his Catechism , and the Coroner would not , therefore , administer thc oath to him . nc _stated thathe had been occasionall y to school . There were twelve beds in one room , and thirteen in the other , and in each bed three boys slept . With the 2 d . a week he nsed to buy grub . After he had had his breakfast he could eat four breads more ( slices ) . _Never while at Tooting had enough to eat . Was always hungry after his
meals . A great many boys had run away from Drouet ' s establishment . The first time he ran away he was beat for it . When they come back they put girls' clothes on them , and birch them . The last time he ran away was the Sunday before they were fetched away to Kensington . He then went to town to gee after ' bis friends , but could not find them , and walked about all night . The next morning he was stopped by a policeman , and taken to the station , and thence to a workhouse , but he could not say where , and was kept there a . day and a half , when 16 * . _Xorris , the shoemaker at the Tooting asylum , came and fetched him back . He was then stri pped of his clothes , and kept only in his shirt from seven in the evening until twelve next day , as a punishment
. The Coho-s-kb . : Now , you appear to be a knowin- * - loqkiug fellow . Tell _usywhat you think made the children bad , anD brought the cholera to Tooting . —Witness : Want of enough grub . The gruel was made by Bill Brewin , and was - . ometimes thick and sometimes thin . Could always eat more—could eat three more allowances h _« " thoueht . Had heard many boys of a moraing complain of pain in the chest . They nearly all complained of the pain . There was ao water-closet to go to at night at Tooting ; but two tubs were placed in each bed-room , Jn which the boys made both water and stools . Thej had handles on them , and were emptied even * morning into theprivy . _T-f- ere were _onlj two windows m each bed-room , and both od one side . Ihey were open in the day ti _* r . e , but shvtfat ni ght . i _ . Gcazzahoxi liad fonnd the quails * " - ofthe food
* _™ ting pau :: r : _" 14- ** _*™ *» nofito 5 in the meat . " ., ., John Thomas , a boy fourteen y ears -Mo , _™? heen to school , and oould not tellan E from an Aw l iw 2 t ___ \ T ' m t _5 _T ' coroncr ™» M Wh . _bofhefeentlS _^ _TK _^ - ** - t o havelost aU his animation : ' 3 _TeemedS _^ _Jtfr . _Goiawffl said he was just recovering from j *» _% ? ° H 0 X ? ? " _** - _was amost _important question f _SdaiE \ ri . _«' fc _« - ?•> « _Css't
Added That The Wind Had Been Blowing Fro...
Mr . _GoomucH said ho thought itwas necessary to limit the food of cliildren . . Frei .-sri . ck Dr . ADMAS , agod thirteen years , having said that ho had been taug ht hi . _cubism , and to read and write , in the Kensington _w- * - _* _*™™* _^ fore he went to Tooting . _^ _"W- _^ X that he did tailoring for a month , and was paid twopence a week for working from nine to one and from So to _fivT While thereho had not enough to cat , and he always felt hungry after Ins meals He then confirmed the statement that the children were afraid to comp lain to the guardians when they came , for the fear of punishment by Mr . Drouet , and said he could always hare eaten as much again—that they always stood at dinner , and were not ten minutes at it .
Mr . Guazzaroni was then examined : He stated that he saw thc deceased on thc 5 th inst ., the morning on which he was attacked . He was in a state of collapse , and had every symptom of malignant cholera . He treated him with artificial heat , medicines , wine , laudanum , & e . He rallied , and had nearly recovered , when he was attacked by consecutive fever on the fourth day , and eventually died . Had opened the body on Tuesday last with Mr . Goodrich . It is mv opinion that the deceased died from diarrbosa , and consecutive fever that suporvoned from the effects of an attack of cholera .
Mr . Goodricu said he had visited the establishment in June or July last , with some of the guardians , when he saw reasons to complain of the overcrowding ofthe children , both the bedrooms and the schoolrooms . He also tasted the soup , and found it different to that made in St . George ' s workhouse , there heing no fibre of meat in it . He therefore refused , on leaving , to write anythin g in thc book ; and on the way home he impressed on the guardians the necessity for taking the children home , but the new workhouse not being ready it could not be done . Mr . Goodrich was then sworn and confirmed Mr . Guazzaroni ' s evidence , and further stated , that when he visited Tooting , he disapproved of the arrangements there altogether . Ho considered the cldldren
were too crowded there , and that while m the p laygrounds , which were surrounded by a high wall and high palings , they had not sufficient air , and that they were unhealthy . Ho also complained of the dormitories and stepped them , and considered they were too crowdeu . He was told that M i-. Hall , the assistant Poor-Law Commissioner , had recently been there to seo it , and approved ofwhat he had scon , and witness thought it was no use complaining further if he approved of it . By the Coroner : _AVhon he saw the children thero they were hoalth y in their appearance , but when he felt their arms they wanted hrm flesh . The Coroner said he did not approre of the farming out of children . He thought it a bad system , Mr . _GoonRicit further said thc pea soup that he saw at the Tooting establishment , taken with
nothing else , one day all the year round , would lead to disease and to cholera . He full y concurred in tho opinion of Mr . Guazzaroni as tothe cause of death . After some further evidence given by both boys and girls , of a similar character to the preceding , the room was cleared of strangers , and upon the public being _readmitted , tho jury returned a verdict" Tliat the deceased child had died from the mortal effects of exhaustion , consequent upon fever supervening on an attack of malignant cholera . The Foreman said that the jury unanimously considered that iii returning a verdict in accordance with the medical testimony , they should only do right in coupling it with their op inion that the attack of cholera produced at Tooting proceeded from the imsufficiehcy of food and warm clothing , and the want of proper ventilation in Mr . Drouet ' s
establishment . The inquiry occupied five hours , and in the course ofit , it was stated that when Mr Drouet . knew that the Kensington children were going to be removed , he told the workhouse messenger to tell thc guardians that he had great difficulty in preventing his brother from coming over to Kensington and thrashing all thc guardians . The adjourned inquest on thc bodies ofthe cholera victims belonging to Islington parish was also resumed on Thursday , -when , after the evidence of Mr . Pearco , tho surgeon to the out-door poor of Islington , and Mr . Grainger , tho officer of the Board of Health , whose testimony did not differ from that given at other inquests , the inquiry was again adjourned .
INQUEST OS THE CHILDREN OF THE HOLBORN _UNION . On Friday morning , at ten o clock , Mr . Wakley , M . P ., again resumcu the kquirj- into the deaths of the four jsaupcr children belonging to the Holborn Union , who died at the Free Hospital . Mr . Grainger ( of thc Board of Health ) , and several members of the Holborn Board of Guardians , Mr . Drouet and his legal adviser ( Mr . Ballantine ) , wore present . The foreman of thejury intimated to the coroner that thirteen of the jury had visited Mr . Drouet ' s establishment on the previous day , and not only examined every part of it , but reoeived from Mr . Drouet every information respecting it and the inmates , that they demanded to know , but as he was
unwilling to stato publicl y all they saw , he suggested that they should retire to a private room , and there communicate with the coroner . Mr . Waklet . —If there is no objection on the part of the jury I should much prefer hearing their statement publicly . Some of the jurymen thought they had better have nothing done m private , and another juryman having suggested that they could gather quite sufficient from the evidence to be given to guide them , it was decided that no statement should oe made , as they were of opinion that it ought not to be made publicly . Mr . James presented a large book , under the official seal ofthe Poor Law Commissioners , containing the visitors' reports .
Mr . Wakley . —Wo cannot receive all that that book contains . Mr . _Baixaxtixi * was anxious to see it , on tho part of Mr . Drouet , upon which the seal was broken , and the book handed to him . William _Mobtime- * . examined . —I live at the Royal Free Hospital , and am engaged in looking after the children as nurse . I had two children at Mr . Drouet ' s , a boy aged three years and six months , and a girl aged five years and nine months . I last saw them thero on the 26 th of December in the lodge , and in the presence of two or three women belonging to the asylum . They did not come out , they were never allowed out , although I frequently asked permission . The girl was not then complaining , but the boy was very bad . They are now both dead . Iheardof their deaths last Friday for the first , time .
The Coroxer asked Mr . James , the clerk of the Holborn Union , whethor he could say that these children were dead ? air . James said they died on tho 6 th and 7 th . Witness . —It was reported to me that my children were ill on the 5 th instant . I was then in the workhouse . I was not permitted to go and see them . I applied to the board through the master , who told me my application was refused , but that I should hear more about it . [ Mr . James said that the guardians felt it would then be wrong to allow persons to go to the asylum , as it might interfere with the children , and breed disease . ] Witness . —I tendered my discharge in the workhouse , but it was not received . [ Mr . James said that if the witness
j had given three hours' notice he would have been | entitled to his discharge . —Witness : I did not know that . —Mr . Wakley : These regulations ought to bo printed and hung up in every workhouse . ]—Witness : My children had beon in the asylum since March and April last . Although thev died on the 6 th and 7 th , I did not hear ofit untifthe 12 th . Davio Kellt ( an Irishman ) examined . —I live at Russell-court , Lamb ' s Conduit-street . I had two grandchildren at Mr . Drouet ' s establishment . Their names were Jeremiah and James Doyle . Their father and mother were in the workhouse when they went there , but we know nothing of thc father now . I believe he is gone to America . One of the children is dead—tho other in the Free Hospital , with
bad sores on his ears , hiB navel , and his shins . I went to see the children at Tooting for the first time on Sunday , December 31 st ; again on Monday and Thursday ; and on Friday the children were removed to the Free Hospital . When I went it was half-past ei g ht in the morning , and being permitted to go in , I found little Jemmy in bed along with another child in a small ward . I staid about an hour . On leaving I saw young Mr . Drouet in the yard . I asked Mm if he had any report to send by me to the workhouse ? Ho said , " I believe I have , for our children are dying very fast these three or four days . " He gave me a note , and I took it to the Gray ' s-inn workhouse , and asked the porter to let me in . He refused and I gave him the note .
I went to Tooting again on Monday , and found Jemmy in thc same ward , and in bed with another child . I walked each tbie , for I could not afford to ride . ' I met the doctor . He was a big tall gentleman in black , and he said to me that mv child was better and doing well . On Wednesday tbe ward was much more crowded , nnd there were three in the bed . I taxed the nurse with neglecting tbem , and _? he said she was awav during the night , because her sister had died . I saw the doctor , and said to him , " Doctor , you told me tho child was getting better , it ' s worse he is , and I now see he is done for . " _ , oxer . —Is the doctor here ?
X , -q _ He was a bi g fat man with a red face , W , tv » M than the children . Witness looked . _lio _**™ . , * and said ( pointing to Mr . Drouet ) , und _twJL _, * , erson - but l am no _t i * and hmk that s the - ., _ T am amcn iber ofthe _fc _'W _™^ _Apothecaries Hall , and _to « n i i * exaim * - -on in Mr . Drouet ' s _lliVr-i _^ r _^ - ' office since the ah _iw _. e f \ sidcnt s '" _-g _^ ¦ ' no resident _e Tmmm _-VY _& r _*? -- _^ _usly nor o _™ _««„« - eld no similar Ob .. « - / C-S _^ -ement with Mr . Drouet _Ion _* i ° i ? V _* _j _*» « _7 . « medical _* _^ _WiJf A &* fe
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whatever to do with the diet or clothing ofthe children , nor with the regulations ofthe establishment , nor did I pay any attention to these things , nor to the size ofthe rooms ; nor the drainage . There was no premium npon health , norpenaltu upon sickness , in my _agreement . I did not , on entering the establishment , make an examination of all the children , but I did of some ; and I have in my hook an entry of the state of those children . I did not find any ep idemic _raginsf at the time . I found children under opthalmia of all sorts ; I also found scrofula and itch prevalent , and four or five with d ysentery . A few were lame , but their lameness was either congenital or of long standing . One variety of the opthalmia was contagions . The children so affected were immediately separated from the rest .
—Coroner : How many had the itch ?—• Witness : I cannot say exactly ; but a great many had skin disease : There was no separate ward for them . I made great efforts to cure tne itch , but I found it impossible . Itch is easily cured , hut it is easily caught agaln . _^ - Coroner : Did you represent to Mr . Drouet that it was absolutely necessary to separate the children so affected ?—Witness : I did , and they were so for the most part . But they mixed with the other children in the day time again . There waa no _obstrustion thrown in my way for treating the children properly . Many ofthe children wrhen admitted to that establishment , were affected with itch , and I can answer for it that they were better leaving it than when they entered . I examined the children on being admitted to sec if they were healthy or if
diseased , particularly if they had a skin disease . I found several with itch . —And you admitted them ? I had no power to send them away , —Did Mr Drouet know they wore so afflicted ? Of course he did . I have told him so . I had no power to docline receiving such children . I had nothing to do with their reception . It was a well-understood and usual thing to receive such children . —Coroner : Why it appears to have been a numvy for the itch , for you have said it was impossible to cure it , it being bo easily caught again . Had any of the children from St . Pancras parish the itch on entering?—Witness : Yes : two or three out of 120 . Tho cholera broke outon the 29 th of December , and on the 30 th wc had one death ; on the 31 sfc , three , * on the 1 st January , three ; on the 2 nd , seven ; on the 3 rd , five ;
on the -tth , twelve ; on the 5 th , nineteen ; on-, the Oth , fourteen ; On the 7 th ,. eleven ; on the 8 th , twenty ; on tho 9 th , fourteen ; on the 10 th , ten . ; on the llth , five _; on the 12 th , nine _; on the 13 th , ei ght ; since the 13 th , nine—making a total o £ 150 . Some of these were complicated with other diseases . They oould not bo said to havo all died of cholera . Before the other medical men visited Tooting I recommended a better diet . Mr . Chapman was called in on the 30 th , and on the Monday a better diet was adopted ; an additional meat day was added , and rice substituted for arrow-root . I cannot say . what was the quantity of arrow-root or of flour mentioned in the diet table as g iven to the children , but I know when made into a gruel it was thick , quite like a jelly . I opened seven bodies , but could not account
tor death by the post mortem examination . The intestines contained a gruelly , colourless substance , similar to that which had " boon discharged beforo death . —Do you refer thc outbreak of cholera in thc asylum to any atmospheric influence ? I cannot say what was the proximate cause . It may have been the atmosphere acting on constitutions predisposed for illness ; and if I were to attribute a proximate cause I should certainly say the overcrowding was it . —Have any others than the children been attacked b y cholera ? Yes , and three died . One was Battersby , a nurse , aged nearly 60 , who died on the llth ; Sarah Goat , aged 24 , a housemaid , who died on the 10 th ; and a third , who was an attendant on the sick , who died before , the 8 th . —How do you account for it that so few besides , the children diedofthedisea se ? It may he that children are
, more susceptible . —Do you as a medical man hold that to be the case , that children of from foiir to twelve years old are more susceptible of cholera than adults ? . I only say it may be so ; and certainly from what I have seen at Tooting I would draw that conclusion . —Do you regard cholera to be . contagious ? I do not . —Infectious ? Th . _ifc is altogether another question . Before I went to Tooting I was a non-contagionist and a non-infectionist . But what I have seen at Tooting has much shaken my opinion about non-infection . Treated the premonitory symptoms with astringents . —Coroner : Mr . Grainger made his visit on Friday , the 5 th , and I think he reported thirty-ei g ht cases of premonitory symptoms . —Witness : I never heard of thirt y-eight eases , nor of any considerable number previous to the visits ofthe other medical men :
Mr . Grainger referred to his report , and said that thc thirty-ei g ht cases were mentioned as existing on the following Saturday and Sunday , and he made that report on the representations of the medical gentlemen who had been sent there . But he had not soen Mr . Kite at all . Mr . Kite re-examined . —I havo not noticed any ill effects from drinking the water . It is the same which I consume and is procured from an Artesian well . I have noticed a peculiar smell . I do not know what the analysis was . Since the 29 th December we have used exclusivel y the same water up to this period . I noticed tho objectionable smell throe days ago . It was water that had been in my room all nig ht . I drink water myself every day . —The Coroner : Not exclusively , I suppose ? ( A laugh . ) I have never complained of the boys '
Datn-room _, or have any reason to believe there is anything wrong in it . Mr . 17 . Houe _Popii ax , examined by the Coroner . —I am one of the parochial surgeons of St . Pancras and at thc request of the guardians , went to Tooting to attend some of the children on Friday , the 5 th , at ten o ' clock at night . [ Mr . Popham read a document which he had signed in reference to Mi ' . Grainger ' s report . Some contradictions appeared between the two reports as to the children sleeping five in one bed , and the state of the surgery . ] I have not come to a satisfactory opinion as to the outbreak ofthe cholera . I believe the overcrowding predisposed to it . Mr Grainger . —Were not the particulars respecting the condition of the surgery and dispensary in my report , given to me b y Mr . Popham , and are they not correct ?
Mr . Pop ham admitted that they were . I found four in a bed in several beds , between twelve and one o clock on Saturday , 6 th January , and on that day they began to remove them - into separate beds . There was no difficulty in getting medicines . . 1 do not believe the disease to be contagious , and I do not believe it to be infectious . . -,, .. '' , ' . ' Mr . J . G . _Bailet , one of _thesurgeonsserjt down by St . Pancras parish , said—In consequence ' of what I have seen at Mr . Drouet ' s establishment , I believe the children were too closely crowded during an eiciting cause in the atmosphere . , Mr . R . B . _Pbj * . \ t , surgeon , did not consider tho disease to he contagious or infectious .
Patrick Shee . ve , aged 10 , of the Holborn Union , examined . —Could not say the whole of his catechism . Has a mother living in the \ mion . Knew Michael Harpov , he slept with him at Mr . Drouet ' s , and two or tnree boys slept in the same bed . Michael Harper slept with him four or five weeks before he came to the Free Hospital , ne was well . Twelve slept in the same room . There , were four beds . Germaine was the nurse . Boys used to clean the rooms ; one boy used to scrub one room , and when they were small rooms two or three . His mother came to see him every three weeks . They used to go out for a walk , but as the authorities were afraid they would run away , sometimes they used to have the girls ' clothes on . They were kept on three or four days , sometimes a week . The
gentlemen from the Holborn Union used to ask them if they were well . If they spoke the truth , the people used to beat them in the house afterwards . John Walsh was * beaten for holding up his thumb . I got a pint of gruel and a sliee ot bread for breakfast . I used to eat all I had for breakfast , dinner , and supper . I oould eat double as much as I got . I only got as much as I conld eat on Mondays . Sometimes ! used to run into the hall and _feet'Some water out of tbe cans . We had a slice of bread" and half an ounce of cheese for supper . It was said the hi " boys' bread was _c _^ uite four ounces . We- did not feel tliat we had enough after we had ow meals . We used to feel as hungry as we went in . I should not like to go back . —Coroner : If you were to go back , what would you likc » tn _Vijivj _* » 1 _tornd _t All thp nuvals .
sir . ( Alaugh . ) I have enough toeat where lam now . The boya who were ill never said what it waB that they thought made them ill . —Coroncr : The doctors have a difficulty in telling what is the cause of the cholera . What do you think is the cause ? Not having enough to eat . _Wiuuai * Dkrlv , aged 8 , could not read . This witness and Emily Hungerford _, aged 11 , had not enough to eat , and were afraid to complain for fear Of being punished . Sometimes tho bread would be mouldy . The g irl Baynes was beaten for saying she had not enough to eat . _IIexrt Harts-tor- * , aged _ltf . —Has neither father nor mother living , and no brothers and sisters . Went from the _Holboi-n Union "Workhouse to Tooting . Was there one year and three months . Came back to the Royal Free Hospital on Friday . Has been well ever sinoe . I could always eat mv bread ,
I had not enough . I could cat two more allowances . Sometimes the meat was not good . The meat was quite hard . Had bread and cheese for supper . _i ever had enough . Was always hungry . ' I saw the fentlemen when they came down , and told . them I ad not enough to eat . Mr . W . Diouet said I was the ringleader of all the boys . Welsh was the boy who was beaten . Two were beaten-after the guardians went away . I said to the guardians , in the presence of Mr . Drouet , I had not enough to cat . Mr . Drouet said it was not a proper question to ask the children . Did not get more food in consequence of complaining . I wanted more pudding , and move of everything . Should not like to go back . If I were going back I should wish for more victuals . Have not been ill , nor had any attack in my stomach or looseness in my bowels . I never sold ikes ; sometimes I bought cakes . Had toast and ' t for dinner .
Added That The Wind Had Been Blowing Fro...
Mr . Kirn _rccnlled .-Had not heard of any complaint of their wanting water -Re-examined : Most toys comp lained of their not having water . W * Hcn gurford _recallcd—Got water to drmk from the taps . Sometimes they would take the not away a J box their ears for it . Sometimes she used to - * ivc bread away for water . John Welsh , aged 14 , was one year at Tooting Complained to the guardians of not _havn . g enough to 2 Had held up his hand when the guardians aslS ' ifthe 7 had nofenoug h to eat . Drouet was present The schoolmaster flogged me , and said , "If you tell the guardians I'll give you a little more to _oTt " Did not complain to Drouet that Brown had _ T _.... _,......, _.,
floaged him , because Mr . Drouet would hare whacked him . The hoys used to get a cap full of pS-peclings and sell themfor a halfpenny . Could noTget * as much water as he wanted . If they complained that thoy wanted drink he whacked them all the same . The witness gave many other instances of ill-treatment . , -.,., , ii Sarau Skittlmhoui _' , aged 14 , . said . she knew all of the deceased . Was at Mr . Drouet s seven months . Never had sufficient to cat , but did not like to complain to the guardians . Had not enough to eat at any meal . . It being now near six o clock the Coroner adjourned the further inquiry till Tuesday .
_ADJOURXEO LVQUEST . The inquest on the four children who died in the Free Hospital , on being removed from Mr . Drouet ' s establishment , was > esumed on Tuesday before Mr . Wakley , at the Globe Tavern-, Derby-street , Gray ' sinn-road . On information g iven by the foreman of the jury , John Sauxders , tailor , and an inmate of tho Union workhouse , who had charge of the children on Friday last , deposed that , after the examination , Mr . Drouet ( who , on beinjr asked , said his name was
Bartholomew Peter ) entered the tap-room where he was . Ho said to one of the children , " As for you , you lying young scoundrel , you'll be taken notioc of before the night is over . " That child's name is Henry Hartshorn . He was one of the witnesses who had just been under examination . He did not address any o f the other cliildren . I did not interfere , for Mr . Drouot went away directly . The Coronbr , after censuring the conduct of Mr . Drouet , did not think it necessary to pursue the matter further .
Sarah Sellers , an inmate of St . Pancras Workhouse , went to Drouet s establishment as nurse , and attended to the children for ten days . Tho ward was very dirty indeed . We cleaned it . We had two little boys ofthe establishment to assist us hi taking away the slops , Ac . Mr . LovtcR , assistant surveyor to the Metropolitan Commissioners of Sewers , understood from the surveyor of hig hways that one of the ditches had been cleared out about a fortnig ht beforo . There was water running in it , but parts contained stagnant mud . Mr . Kith , surgeon , said he had seen the ditch or drain cleaned out twice during the two months he had been in the _"nylum . The last tune wa « about a fortnight previous to the 29 th of December . It was then done under the direction of tho local sanitary committee . The first time it was done at Mr . Drouet ' s expense .
Mr Lovick had no hesitation in saying _^ that the state of the ditches there must have exercised a prejudicial effect npon the inmates of Mr . Drouet ' s establishment , at least , in ccrtain winds . Mi- . E . G . Lives ay , a member of the sanitary committee , and master of a boarding school at Tooting , described the situation of the ditch . Where there was a' rectangular turn there was a collection of offensive matter . Was in tho habit of calling that thc cesspool of Tooting . Considers Tooting a healthy place . The cliildren in his care had never been so healthy as witliin the last six months . William Porter examined . —I am a master shoemaker , and have resided in Mr . Drouet ' s establishment these ten years . I superintend the boys ,
drill theni , etc . At the suggestion of Mr . Ballaniine , Mr . Drouet here signed his dietary table approved b y the guardians , and handed it in . On being given to the witness , lie said— -I have seen the diet given to tho children according to this table . The arrow root and flour mentioned for breakfast is usually thick—quite as thick as treacle . The meat wei g hed to them is without bone . —By the Coroner : Were there any Other persons who livod on exactl y the samo food as the children ? No ; not exactly . Others had tho same meat , but thoy cooked it as they pleased . Neither were they limited to the gruel . There are no quantities mentioned for supper , but they have about tho same quantity for supper as
breakfastabout five ounces of bread at least for the larger boys . I cannot aay the difference between that and what was given to the small boys , but tbere was a considerable difference in size . A four pound loaf was cut into thirteen pieces . Mr . Winch , a poor-law guardian , said he saw a loaf cut , and on counting the p ieces , found sixteen . _ Witness . —I never knew a loaf to be cut into sixteen pieces . I always cut the upper part into seven , and the other into six pieces . Sometimes a boy would complain of his bread being small , and as there was always aome left in the tray , I would give him another slice upon seeing that it was so . The boys all appeared satisfied . I did not ask them , but they would complain if they were not . With
regard to water , they could always get it whenever they wanted it , I never strapped a boy for asking to go out in a case of necessity , and never knew such a thing to have been done in the school . The book referred to on a former day as containing the reports of the visiting guardians of the several unions having children at the Tooting asylum , was here put in as evidence , and received ! Mr . W . B . Whiwhsld , medical officer of the Holborn Union , deposed to the removal of the children from Tooting , and the death of sevoral from cholera since their arrival . " I attribute the outbreak of cholera at Tooting to the existence of a poison in the atmosphere , which I believe still exists in it . I
attribute the spread and large amount ofthe disorder to several causes—first , excessive cold and the imperfect manner in which the cliildren were protected from cold ; second , the overcrowding ofthe children and thc want of proper ventilation ; ofthe third cause I cannot speak with certainty , but considering the tumid state of the abdomen and the weak state of the lower extremities of several children , it is possible that the diet was not sufficient to give them that strength which would have been nocessary to enable them to _rcsisj those | prejudicial influences to which I refer . I think it probable they would not have died if they had been previousl y in abetter condition p hysicall y .
Hekry Withall , registrar of births and deaths Mr Tooting , Graveny , and Streatham , had registered no deaths by cholera at Tooting , except those at Mr . Drouet ' s establishment . Mr . 17 . _Marsdex , one of the surgeons of the Royal Free Hospital , bore testimony to the emaciated state ofthe children , which he accounted for by their having lived too much on fluids . He gave their complaint the name of tho Tooting maladyit was not in his opinion the cholera , but a species of asphyxia , from overcrowding . He instanced tho case of the black-hole at Calcutta , the Scotch case of the children in the corn-bin , and affirmed that carbonic acid gas would produco symptoms precisely similar to those of cholera . The Royal Maternity Hospital in Dublin received 7 , 700 children in four years , and out of that number , 2 , 792
died of a disease similar to that of the Tooting children . An inquiry was instituted , and it was ascertained that the mortality had arisen from want of ventilation . On a change being made in that particular , the mortality ceased . In the Grotto del Caneat Nap les , the niephitie vapour produces symptoms exactly like those of cholera . I do not think the external atmosphere had anything to do with it . The children were _breathing an atmosphere so mo phitic , from the amount of carbonic acid gas , as to be almost deadly . Finall y , I attribute thc disorder , first , to improper diet ; secondly , insufficiency of clothing ; _this-lly , low temperature - , and lastly , thc generally humid state of the atmosphere . These arc _prcdisjjoslng causes , and the immediate cause was the poisonous atmosphere _breathed by the children .
Dr . Garroo had made a post mortem examination of thc bodies . The result was , his decided opinion that thc deaths had been caused b y cholera . Several reports of the guardians were read , commendatory ot the food and cleanliness of tho establishment . After the cholera broke out , warmer clothing and fires were recommended . Kezia Diamond re-examined . _—*^ he children _weirc in a very bad state when they eame to the union . Believe that their feet would have fallen off if they had not been brought to town aud cared for . They looked very palo and thin . They have had wine , porter , meat , and rice pudding , since their return .
They don't look like the samo children . Mr . Grain er wished to make a statement in rep l y to something which had been said at thc last meeting . At the former sitting , Mr . Kite was made to say that "he did not know where Mr . Grainger had got bis information . " I now beg to state that I got it from Mr . Kite himself , and the other medical officers . He had roported thirty-eight cases of diarrhoea on Mr . Kite ' s authority . The Coroner hero interposed , and expressed his belief that the _raisunderstandiii" arose from Mr . Grainger and Mr . Kite having had different dates in their minds .
Mi- . Kite was called , and acknowledged tlie truth of Mi ' . Grainger ' s statement . Mr . Grainger then read a report prepared by bim and Dr . Arthur Farre , at the desire of the Board of Health , as to thc state of thc pauper children since their return from Tooting . They had examined 500 children , two-thirds of whom had the itch . The aspect of all was most unhealth y . They had visited Mr . Auh yn s establishment also , aud had not found a single case of itch or sere head anion !? 530 children . Other witnesses were examined , when an adjournment took place , from five to seven o ' clock . At that hour , tho Coroner proceeded to charge the
Added That The Wind Had Been Blowing Fro...
*„ rv Times Andrews and other children were sent 3 to Mr Drouet ' 8 from thc Holborn Union at a charge $ 4 ? 6 d 2 -week each , including . every expense _, of 4 s . hu . per . _«* _- _" _* . ' con , Dfaint ought to bo opinion , t was , _^ liberal sum g , _^^ _garment with Mr . Drouet , paid occasional _^ visits , to nis establishment . One wonld suppose , from the reports which were entered on the visitors books that Argus himself had seen thc establishment , and that eyes innumerable had been inspecting all tnat was passing within ita precincts . There was nothing but approTnl , nothing but satisfaction . But it _acf-med thev were content with investigation wiuen , •¦ .-. _v— _AndrewB and other _clnUren _^ re sent
some might think superficial . Common sense _migiu . have indicated the propriety of calling , the children into a private apartment , where the infants nngnt feel they were not in thepOWOl' of any 011 _C _COimCCtOit with the establishment to hear what was passing . Thev mi-tot have been asked , " Arc you abused , flogged , or ill-treated by anybody ? " These were questions which one might suppose that a _g _™™ _" _™ icalled a guardian in faw , but not seeming a guai - dian in fact—would put to an infant child , who *> as helmess and dependent in an establishment like that of Mr Drouet , Unfortunately , no such _cxamma-L was instituted . The first child died from-oholera on _theSOth December , but no official notice was communicated tothe board till Wednesday , January
* 3 , whenmany hadboen destroyed . That om ission was an extraordinary fact m this case , bu t unto this moment it remained unexplained . 1 _aiochu children , in point of law , were entitled to the same amount of protection as the children ofthe rich No intimation was conveyed to the g _^ _rdians of what was transpiring in Surrey Hall until 3 rd Jaimary Parties could only be strictly responsible in one case by a verdict of murder j in the other , by a _. Yovdict of manslaughter . It was his conviction that the guardians were not legally responsible . He absolved the board from moral responsibility , but not the visitors . There were other parties , and it was necessary they should be noticed . These were the Poor Law Commissioners , thc Ass
istant-Commissioner , Mr . Hall-there was Mr . Kite , and Mr . Drouet , the proprietor of the institution . In i _» ; _J * , the Poor Laws were changed , and a Commission was appointed , which was to set every thing right . The Commissioners were empowered to make regulations to enable them to annul any contract with the houses wliich took children as often as they should have occasion . Mr . Drouet ' s establishment had not really beon under the super intendence and control of the Commissioners . Mr . Hall had visited the institution as a kind of amateur traveller . He stated in his evidence that he firmly believed the Commissioners had the power of preventing any parish from sending their children to such an establishment . The Commissioners had acted as the
law empowered them to act , and he held that , on this occasion , they were absolved from legal responsibility . Who was the next party ? Mr . Hall , a gentleman of hi g h character , who acted under the authority ofthe Commissioners . Mr . Hall paid his visits and reported , and saw little or nothing wrong inthe establishment . Itwas unfortunate for children that there should be this ill-defined arrangement as to those who were to carry into effect the operation ofthe law . He held that Mr . Hall was absolved from legal responsibility , but he did not think he could be complimented for tho manner in whieh he had discharged his duty . It waa clear that he never intimated what was of importance in reference to Mr . Drouet ' s establishment . Mr . Kite ,
the surgeon of Mr . Drouet ' s establishment , had been there two months at the time of thc outbreak _^ of the cholera . He ( the Coroner ) was anxious to know on what conditions he had entered the establishment , and Mr . Kite summed up all by saying that he considered it his duty to attend to thc sick . All that Mr . Kite apparentl y had to do was to prescribe for " those who were sick . He had no knowledge of the circumstances under " which water was given ! to tho children , or that they had not a free suppl y at all hours . Was Mr . Kite , then , responsible at law ? It was his ( the Coroner s ) conviction that he was not responsible . There was one other party , then , to be named , and that was Mr Drouet , who entered into a long contract
to feed , clothe , and lodge the children from the Holbora Union . Mr Drouet voluntarily entered into this arrangement with the board of guardians . He held that if it should appear that the life of any child had beon lost from what had occurred at the establishment , Mr . Drouet was responsible . Mr . Drouet was bound by his engagement to adequately clothe , adequately feed , and adequately lodge those children . A . dietary was furnished by Mr Drouet . Mr . White was satisfied with this dietary table . On looking at Mr . White , he ( the Coroner ) would have said , it there was a surgeon in London whom ho would have selected to make out a dietary table , he would have selected that man . But was this a system to be endured in thc hospitable land of Old
England , that children s stomachs were to bo estimated by the ounce ? It was a shocking , an odiona , an abominable system , and it was an abomination to the charcter of this country that such a thing should ever have been endured . Infant pauper children , dependent on the guardians , had an inefficient diet . What were the results ? Earl y disease and early and lasting decreptitude . He had one prescription for the treatment of these children , whioh was to . give them at least twice a day a bellyful of good food . The doling out bread in ounces , and hearing them say they could eat more was disgusting . He now came to what had been deemed the cause of death in thia caso . J . Andrews died 16 hours after he returned from Mr . Drouet ' s
establishment . Thejury had heard evidence from a great variety of medical gentlemen . "With one exception , all had agreed that the disease of which the children died was Asiatic cholera . The great question was whether the life of tho individual was lost owing to what occurred in Mr . Drouet ' s , or from causes over which he had no control . Much had been said about drains and ditches , so that wc mi ght almost believe that this beautiful land had become a great cesspool . This had become almost a species of cant . It had been said that a dunghill should be immediately removed ; that it wa 3 dangerous to health . Where was it accumulated b y the farmer ? Directly before his door . And where did they soe the finest specimens of Englishmen and women ? In
the farm-houses of the country . Thejury had had before-fhem the registrar of thc district , and he had stated that not another death from eholera had occurrod at Todting . Another witness-never met with such a healthy place . The jury were bound to < nve due weight as to the oxciting causes ofthe death of J . Andrews , and they must determine whether it occurred from circumstances over _whiubMr . Drouet had control , or from circumstances whhsh were beyond his power . As to the post mortem examination , the uniform appearance was striking , aaid all were led to believe that spasmodic or malignant cholera was the cause of death , and all admitted thatthe predisposing cause was the overcrowding of children together iu the establishment . The evidence of
insufficient nourishment was very strong . As to the accommodation in Mr . Drouet , a establiahsnent , no person who had heard the evidence could believe they had sufficient room . The beds _wese six inches apart ; thero were three orfour inabed . M reference to the evidence of thechildren their manner indicated that they spoke the- truth ; the jury would not forgot how uniform was their statement as to the insufficiency of diet . Thc evidence as ta- the health of thechildren was uniformly that it was in a bad state . This indicated great neglect , aad the responsibility lay with Mr . Drouet and no ene else . Li former times it happened thai where an , individual by neglect ov insufficient food caused tke- death cf another , he was _-nrilt-y of murder ; if a- _-j-aoler nave
a person insufficient food , he was guilty © f murder ; if an individual killed another by any act of his it \ m manslaughter . In the case of _Janies-. Andrews , they must not fasten on an individual that which belonged to a system , but if they believed that , o win" to-neglect , the children had lost thoir lives , they should ho equally firm in their verdiot Thejury retired about half-past nin » o ' clock , and on their return , in about an hour , the- foreman read the following verdict : " We , the jury impanelled to inquire touching thc death of James Andrews , unanimously agree to the following verdict , whieh is , that Peter Drouet is guilty of manslaughter , and that the guardians of the Holborn union have acted most negligently hi
thoir engagement with Mr Drouet , alto in their visits to his establishment , and we regret that tho Poor-law Act is insufficient for thc purposes for which it was intended , and hope the time is not far distant when the _nocessity for such establishments as Mr Drouet ' s will entirely cease . " The Coroner : I should flinch from my duty if 1 were to refrain from expressing my opinion that your verdict is strictl y just , andthat , if I had been a juryman , my verdict would have boen tbe same . Foreman : The opinion of thejury is unanimous that Mr Winch has done his dutv . so far ns lav in
his power , in bringing this _casre before us . The coroner then ordered the arrest of Mr Drouot but upon being informod that he had loft the room two hours previous to the verdict being given the coroncr issued his warrant for his apprehension At the Bail Court on Wednesday , before Mr _JiTs _Ucc Erie , Mr Ballantine app lied for a rule to show case wh y Mr Drouet , tho proprietor of tho infant pauper establishment at Tooting , against whom the coroner s jury had on Tuesday , returned a verdict of Manslaughter , should not be admitted to bail forthe depositions to be officiall y brought beforo r
Mr _2 _^ _lT \ Sl l T lted _™ » ffld _^ it , but fi nm * S _^ i X ' _S _° r C 0 _»?» 1 * i » g with _, tho registrar _S „ vi ST . " 0 ffl _^' - 8 aiA * _tfd no * think the affidavit stated sufficient faots . to induce him to grant thc-applioaUonof the learned counsel . At a later period of tho day Mr . Ballantine put in ft more _extendi affidavit , upon which his lordship
Added That The Wind Had Been Blowing Fro...
_erantad a rule absolute for a certiorari to bring u ; u the depositions , and a rule nisi to show cause wh yh Mr . Drouet should not be admitted to bail . MiMi Ballantine said it would be more convenient for MiMi Drouet to come up on Saturday than on Friday , a . a he had originally nuggcstei . LVQUEST AT _ISLINGTON . This inquiry was resumed on Tuesday , when thth vestrv clerk , Mr Oldershaw , deposed that the parislis had iio written agreement with Mr . Drouet relatively to the diet or general treatment Ol the pauper chilli ] dron sent from Islington to Tooting . _IKQTJEST AT IIA . CKKEY . Tliis inquest was resumed on Tuesday before _Mi-fr Baker , when , after the examination of Mi- _Oldem shaw , the vestry clerk of St . Mary s Islington , thd ,, inquiry was again adjourned . _, grant . d a rule _-S _^ J _SiJTK _^ _i- i _^
Heard Of *Rv Times Andrews And Other Chi...
Januabt 27 , 1849 . ¦ -a- - - THE NORTHERN STAR . - ¦— -- ¦ ' 15 I - -= _~
, J*Rarfttt0, &T.
, j * _rarfttt 0 _, _& t .
Corn. Mawc-Lam, Monday, Jan. 22. - The S...
CORN . _Mawc-Lam , Monday , Jan . 22 . - The show of wheat sam - . „ ules from Essex and Kent tins morning was moderate , \ mini we had good arrivals from the Continent _diinng the pas ls week . English sold pretty readily , and free torci _jm _wW-,. in retail to-day at last Monday s prices ; hut buyers _gene-e . rally arc holding ott for the 1 st I ebruary . In flour ") _Utu , _little-doin-f . Fine _samphw of English _majtin- * barley arerc scarce and wanted , and gsinding and distilling qMiilit _' , es . s both of English an-1 Foreign . Bold fully a _« dear . - _" cans an j ) j noa * dull . We had a large arrival of Irish oatR _, lmt fcw f . Ewlish or Foreign . The trade was slow at 6 d . pcr _, reduction upon last Monday ' s quotations Bonded oatsts sold pretty freely without alteration , in value . _u dull 11 In tares very little doing . Linseed and cakes dull . Red \ j _cloverseed _mceta with a sale at from 37 s to 38 s for gowlil and 40 s per cwt , for fine new French , and for white _rather _.-r more inquiry . * > Ved * _-esdat , Jan . 24 . —Tlie supplies of grain fresh in tli _" , i 5 week are but trifling ; but thc quantity in granary is i ar Ilowever , every artiele is held very firmly , as we are ft looking for buyers pro-enting themselves from _rarious's parts , to tho _Jextent of soon diminishing tlie . _loeumu-1-latlor .. ....
Friday , Jan . 20 . —The arrivals this week are more mode . ' _, rate of all grain , both foreign and English . Wheat tlii- ' _s morning was a slow sale at Monday ' s rates , but with little e . English ofterinsr . Jlarley was dull for all kinds . Oats _weruu a languid demand , but not cheaper , Beans ami j , eaa con < 1 < tinue a difficfult sale , unless offered the turn under . Mon .. day ' s rates . In other articles there is no change .
BREAD . The prices of wheatcn bread in the metropolis are from l ? _Ad to Sd ; of household ditto , 5 id to 7 d per _iM loaf .
CATTLE . Smithtield , Monday , Jan . 22 . — Th « rc was exhibited for _isale in to-day ' s market a very limited supply of foreign _i stock . As has been thc ease for gome weeks past , the 8 beasts were in u very inferior condition , and the quality off the sheep and calves was indifferent , All breeds were at slow sale , but we have no actual decline to notice in the > quotations . The primesfc Scots were in moderate request _,, at Friday ' s decline in the currencies of 2 d per 8 lbs . — the _; rates of that description of stock varying fro *** . 3 s lOd to 4 s t per Slbs . All other breeds of beasts were dull in the ¦ * . _* - ..
trcme , and the late fall in value was with difficulty supported . The whole of the beasts were not disposed of . Notwithstanding there was a further somewhat consider . able decline in the number- of sheep , we have no _improve ment to report in the mutton trado . The best old downs may bu considered _steadv , at price ' s equal to _thoao _yai-i , „ i this day _se ' nnight . All other kinds of sheep wero -n . moderate request , at last week ' s quotations . Most o f the sheep were disposed of . In calves—the supply of which was small —comparatively little business was doing , at late rates . The pork trade was in a very sluggish state , at barely stationary prices .
, „ ., Price per stone of 81 bs . ( sinking theoffiii ) Beef .. 3 s Cd to is Od 1 Veal .. 3 s Cd to 4 s Si Mutton .. 3 i .. 4 10 | Pork ..- 3 « .. 4 8 _Fbidat , Jan . 26—The supply of meat at Smithfield mar . ket to-day was singularly small , and partly in consequence Of which an improvement in the general tone of trade uc . curred . The demand was better for everytlung , and Utter prices were obtained .
Per Slbs . hy the carcase . Newgate axo Leadeshall . Monday , Jun . 22 . — Inferior beef , 2 s 6 d to 2 s 8 d ; middling ditto , 2 s lOd to i _* s ; prime large , 3 s 2 d to 3 s _4 d ; prime small , 3 s 4 ( 1 to 3 s Cd _; lara » pork , 39 0 d to 3 s 8 d ; inferior mutton , _2 & 6 _il to 3 s a ; middling ditto , 3 s id to 3 s lOd ; prime ditto , 4 s to 4 a ii ; veal , 3 s 4 d to 4 s 4 d ; amall pork , 3 s lOd to 4 s Cd .
_PROVISIONS . * Loi-i > o « , \ Monday . —With large supplies of produce from Ireland and tho United States , our markets in the part week ruled dull . In Irish and foreign butter the transactions were few and unimportant . Prices for each the turn cheaper . Irish bacon sold slowly , to minor extent , _-md prices declined ls to 2 s per cwt . Of bale and tierce middies the same may be reported . Ham * 4 s to Cs per cwt . lower in price , and no increase in the demand . In lard n < _, material change . _American-singed bacon and Kiilikd _, bonelebs , long middles attracted attention ; the _rjuali-v , flavour , cut , and cure being much superior to that of last season , and sold rather freely , at ls to 2 s per cwt . decline . Cheise , January 22 . —The trade is dull , except for very fine , of which scarcely any can be had ; tht _nuddUiisaorts sell badly . Cheshire , 54 s to G 2 s , fine 70 s to 74 s , _Ch'd . der , 60 s to 74 s , Derby , 55 s to 66 s , double Gloster , 50 s to ( _W _* , superfine , 64 s to 65 s , thin Gloster , 50 s to 56 s , thin Witts , 38 s to 47 s , loaf 60 s to 70 s , American . 40 s to 50 s , Edams . _iiSi to 42 . Gonda , 32 s to 38 s , Derby Gonda , 40 s to 42 s .
English Butte * -, Jan . 22 . —Our trade continues in _tlw same depressed state , and tlie bulk of stock in casks here is almost unsaleable , the quality being very inferior , anJ weather all against sale of Buch .
VEGETABLES . Covent Garden . —The supply of _pino-apples continue" » be sufficient for the demand . Hothouse grapes are scarce . _ForeiRn ones tolerably well supplied , Pears chiefl y con _-ist _Bem-re * Kmice , Easter Beure , Ne Plus _Meuris , and OH Colmar . Apples arc not over plentiful . Nuts in general are sufficient for the demand . Oranges and lemons _aru plentiful . Amongst vegetables , carrots , and turnips are abundant and good ; cauliflowers , broccoli , Ac , sufficient for the demand , Asparagus , French beans , rhubarb , ami aeakale , are plentiful . France , Belgium , and Holland still contribute considerably to the stock of potatoes .
POTATOES _SDUTmvASK , "Waterside . — From the prevalence of southerly muds , our market lias been sparingly suppM the last fortnight , which has caused a Iai-ge quantity of warehoused potatoes to be cleared away . The fol ' _lo-ving are tliis day ' s quotations : — Yorkshire _llegents , 100 s tt 140 s j Kewcastle and Stockton , ditto , 90 s to 100 s ; Scotch ditto , 90 s to 120 « ; ditto cups , 70 s to !) 0 s ; ditto whites , ( Ms t ) 80 s ; French ditto , 80 s to 110 s ; Belgian ditto , 80 s H !) 0 b : Dutch ditto , 50 s to 70 s .
STATE OP TRADE . __ _IIanct-esteb _, _Tuesdat . —There has been more animation in ow market this day , aud for India especially more business has been transacted . There has been a gocd deal of inquiry for yarns and cloths suitable for that market . The continental trade is quite as good » _g could be expected , there being a very fair demand for moat goods suited totliac market . Trices are quite as firm , as they have been for some tune past , and in some departments rathev higher rates have been obtained . The Indian news is considered . m favourable , and has given a decided impetus to trade , and large orders have been received _tbi-Baenos Ayres , Mexiw , and other places , and such is the confidence in the present unproved state of things that manufacturers are _j . ur-Charing new machinery to enable them to execute thoir increasing , orders—a _rii-cmnstancc that has not existt _**! ii this district for some time past .
WOOL , London , _Monday , Jan . 22 . —Tho _imj-orts of Wool in !" London are incvensing , and this will , _pwhm , kyoi _» _domi prices , whiGh , as the manufacturers contend , have muta ' ; advanced . _iHtely . The farmers , among others , are « u '< '" be asking , too . much- - and already Wool is considered to In * ten per cent , higher than it was a month or two _biu-it . Tl" ' next sale oFCuIoiiial will deternumi this , and certauii > ** think caution , advisable .
Deaths.. We Regrets To Record Thc Death Ofwilliam John Vlwteh Wilkinson ,. Esq., Of Exeter, Former's Mayor Of That Ri:≫.
DEATHS .. We regrets to record thc death ofWilliam John VlwteH Wilkinson ,. Esq ., of Exeter , former ' s Mayor of that ri : > .
Mm Representative Ot The Devonshire Char...
mm representative ot the Devonshire Chartists in tne u _* vention of . 1848 . We had the honouivof sitting in tlie > ' •<• tional Convention with Mr . Wilkinson- and dinod wi _th-lnn _* almost dailijr . We found him open and manlv _, _possmsiM a sold imbued : with the truest patriotism . Whim thn < _>«¦ stinacy ofthe Kussell ministry , the- falsehoods of _« - _*»• ' ' public journalists , and the- unguarded exprcs * i' _«!» ' * hungry and . enthusiastic men , almust forced the KrgU * military aud Hie English populace into collision , Mr . *¦¦»• kin 8 on rose in his place in the Convention , and said , wi * all the maTestj of a maiv who was . true to himself : — "' ! (
the giving , un of my life , the shedding of my Wood , " - ; appease either the government or the people , and pre _-ntf _. this _coUieion , I would gladly die . " This was no mini - * pression of high-sounding bombast ; his " words _*»^ tilings •/ . ' and ouv departed friend-was too honest to sinus from what h » snid , in thc hour _ofi-jeril . On the _ibuWIW of the lUt * \ of _\ prilhe took his plane on one of the ft >«" scats in . the large van that hende < J tho Kennington f 1 _*' mon procession , although he , lika-others we could , no . " '; , was previously informed that he- was " a n _* nr _* _ced , n _jn . To the members of the deceasvi patnot s fanui _j _. _- _" _josa _amonsr-n & oj--he lived and _movedi and who every Air l * joyed tB » benif"n influence of his . chastened and etura's ' mind—tht _losi must over bo _in-eparable .
" He was—words fail to say what Think what a man shouMbe he was that I " _Correspondent-Mr _. SobertCadell , of Edinbujgh , who for thu last thW * years , held a very prominent situation as book-eller * - _pubbsiser , but chiefly in _eonnaxion with thc woris of * Walts ** Scott , died on the lOih instant , at his seat netf Edinburgh Mr . Cadell marsied tlie daughter _oTthc _* - " mk _instable , and was _' _iiitt-oduced into partnership " _™ that gentleman shortl y after * _fte publication _of-SSr _Walter-J-rst poem- . On his first wife dying , Mr . Cade ' _-l _somctin * _aftci-wwds _marrisd Miss ] Hjlne , who survives _liiai . S _*' -f
quently he became -sole publisher of Sir Walter Scott ' worn ; tlie profits on the sale of which , sine * WJ ! ) , l >» been estimated at not fess than a quarter ofa mill ''* sterling . Ethnological science bas recently _sustaine-1 a serious j " _« » _7 the death of Dr . _Frwhard , the author of " Uosean >' - into the Physical Histcwy of Man , " Hie "Natural _lli-M ?" _^ _* i ln _auy ° _towKtimologieia works . , ,, ihe _bwiss historian , JohnGaspard Oretti , died _toW _*" , Suvich aged sixty-two . The deceased _tovk an active sh * ' - m tlie _hben-tion of Greece . « ii , _" holevlv > ! vt _G _^ 1 _** , _Profcesor _TWv « . » c >\\ , _^ O . ' ! ; lined tk « Natural _IMnlosoplvj Chair in the Un « w » ity ot «" city .
two Koman Catholic Bishops havo died within the I ' ; few _daj-8 : Dr . Maginn , Bishop of Derry ; and Dr . _"W- "" Bishop of Cloyne and Hobs . _, M . d'Ussel _, former page of LouiaXV ., _Lieutenant-ft ' ; il ofthe ( ith regiment of dragoons in 1794 , and created l » " [ _V of the Empire by Napoleon , died at _Flayat , on the ¦ _¦• mst ., in tlie 102 nd year of his age _> . _.,,.. At Manchester , General SivT . Arbuthnot , who _M- r . _" general officer commanding t \ ie northern and midland _jk triets , and the colonel of the 71 st Highland Regiment , ** on Thursday last ,
Rrinted B Y William Kider, Of No. 5, Macclc^^'F Inthepnruhofst. Anne. Wesuninster. At Tt«≫ M' U Niiv
rrinted b y WILLIAM KIDER _, of No . 5 , Macclc _^^ 'f inthepnrUhofSt . Anne . WesUninster . at tt «> M _' _niiv
Office, 111, Great Windmill-Street, Hayi...
office , 111 , Great Windmill-street , _Hayinarkel _. _mt'J ' _.,, _--ofWestniinstcp _. & rthoIWvietor _. _FfiAKfiVSO'CW- ; _^ Esq . M . l \ , nnd publislwd by the said _WiW *« i ,,, _«« the Oftwo , in the same _sto-eotand _t-arbjl " _- —¦ 3 ftU '* January ? TtJi , _W ? ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 27, 1849, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_27011849/page/8/
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