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TO THE IMPERIAL CHARTISTS
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My very dear Friends-Strange as it may* ...
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' He Jlwtfitnt Ste AND NATIONAL TRADES' ...
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VOL. X' NO. 488- LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRU...
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STATE OF PARTIES IN FRANCS. (From our ow...
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* w» must except the coal and iron propr...
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C&artfet fottelUgattt
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TO THE CHARTIST BODY. PniENns,—The perio...
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Cljarttst EanU Company
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STOURBRIDGE —On Sunday afternoon a few f...
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Rate and Tax-Paying Clauses op TH» Iefor...
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. A FEW WORDS TO THE MEMBERS OF T CHARTI...
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4T*ocflKommjj $Xtttii\0
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Cur of Lon.von.—The members of this bran...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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To The Imperial Chartists
TO THE IMPERIAL CHARTISTS
My Very Dear Friends-Strange As It May* ...
My very dear Friends-Strange as it may * appear , I venture to assert tbat no individual who has lived before me or wbo new lives , ever occupied the same useful and enviable position that I now hold . Thousands were " anxious to read the Chancellor of the Exchequer ' s budget , but MILLIONS . look for Saturday to hear an _acconnt of their own affair , who never think of the rig ht honourable . monej-grabber . 1 have read his project , and , under all circumstances , for THE SYSTEM , it is the best that FACTION would allow him to adopt , and for this simple reason , because it is the most simple and understandable , and has less of complication about it than he had
reason to expect , bnt he will be obliged to nibble about our plan and come to it at last . I shall make a running commentary on passing events , before I come to the DUNG and SPADE and LAND . First . ** , what do you think < 3 f Mr . Wagstaff _. of Marylebone , SOW , and who was right in his estimate of " his -value as a Chartist auxiliary ? And what I have said of him I say of Mr . Cochrane for Westminster , and all others of his stamp ; that he who is not WHOLLY FOR US IS AGAINST US ; and this you will always find true of men who seek to use us for their purpose , as Wagstaff and Cochrane have endeavonred to do . Secondly , for the Chambers ' s . I thought my refutation of their philosophy would make them more cautious in tbeir future _writings , but thev have not grown wiser : they have
been delivered into my hands upon the land question , and , Y-ith God ' s blessing , next week I will give them a second edition of OLD ROBIN . I never read such rubbish . Thirdly , read what The Times , of Monday , is compelled to admit of the small proprietary system . Here it fr :--"The best part of the bill is the provision for the voluntary and compulsory sales of lands , by whatever conditions ol entail , or settlement , or disputed title , it may be tied , for the repayment of advances . So great an evil is the accumulation of estates beyond the real capital of the proprietor , and the locking up of land in peculiar titles and tenures , that the emancipation of the soil
seems the very first thing to be done , and the sine qua non of Irish improvement . He who liberates the land will liberate the people on it . NotLing but disappointment can attend every scheme for maintaining the ' dog in a manger ' in a territory the resources of which be cannot , if he _"trould , d -velop . The soil must voluntarily , gently , and equitably , be taken away from its unproductive owners and g iven to those who will bring forth its fruits . It may be a work of time , and certainly is one of caution ; but soon or late it must be done . At least , England will not spend itself to exhaustion iu the attempt to defer that inevitable day . "
Now for our own affairs . On Saturday last I arrived here with seven splendid horses , and they are now off to draw lime , and are the admiration of the farmers of the nei g hbourhood , the best set of men , and the most kind , I eTer met . One fanner is worth a thousand FREE TRADE cotton lords Here I must digress , but you won't mind that . —I see that the ignorant BOOBY who is hired to write for the Preston Chronicle has had a sly hit at our plan , through the three occupants that came to the SOUTH before their time . Here follows the article , which was greedily adopted by the Morning Chronicle - —
" _CHABiisr Laxo Scheme . — The reports received in Wigan last week of tbe progress of this scheme are anything but favourable . It is stated that thc promised land and its capabilities are full of deception , and not likely to be adequate to the support of those located without other means . Some parties who left this town for the south rather early in January are already tired of their situation and about to return . "—Preston Chronicle .
Now , here is my answer : — Walwark , weaver Oddy , woolcomber ; Heaton , weaver ; and Mitchell , chair-maker ; are tbe fonr alluded to . I saw them on Wednesday the 17 th , and offered to pay their expenses back , but all declined . They will all read my statement , and will vouch both for its correctness and accuracy . They were there under unfavourable circumstances , having come in the snow . Oddy told me he never was so happy , that he had not for some months earned more than 6 s . a week , and never was in a hcuse of his own . Heaton has two grown-up sons , and I gave him £ i to buy stuff to weave , and all were most happy . I moved them from a house that was not quite finished , into one
that bad heen occupied by tbe foreman . I saw Mitchell ' s wife gathering sticks , witb a little child , a sweet little g irl about three years of age with her —ehe said she would rather live-there on half food tban leave , and that she felt very happy , and never was so well . I went to Walwark _' s house , the _mBn who has been there since August , as ine a specimen of his order as any in England—a fine , sensible , shrewd , provident , _intellisent man . His wife , as was most natural , was uneasy and uncomfortable at first , but now she is happy , contented , and comf ortable—she would not change to her former condition for 100 / . She has two splendid children , a boy and girl , of the respective ages of twelve and fourteen . I wish the Chronicle men had seen them
when they came , and could see them now . The weaver has made a little paradise of his garden already , and promises to be an honour to our society . Now the grumblers have the names and addresses of the discontented , and can write to tbem ; and I have a commission to offer thera , respectively , 30 / ., 40 / ., and 50 / ., for their allotments ; so that they have not suffered wonderful damage . I will send thera those amounts by return of post , if they are inclined for another turn in the smoke . So much for the scribbler—and now for yourselves . I have bought nearly ONE THOUSAND tons of the best London
hone-dang , for Herringsgate . The delivery will commence on Monday next . I propose , for this year , to sow one acre of barley for every two-acre occupant ; one and a half for every three-acre occupant ; and two for every four-acre occupant . The ground has been ploughed twice . I will dung one half oi each man ' s lot , and in that I will plant a quarter of an acre of best potatoes , on two-acre allotments ; a quarter and a half on three acres ; and half an acre on four acres : a quarter of an acre of
garden stuff on two acres ; quarter and a half on three acres ; and half an acre on four acres : leaving half an acre dunged for two-acre occupants , to use as they please ; three-quarters of an acre for three-acre ¦ men ; and an acre dunged for four-acre men : and i-w . se who have a fancy for anything besides peas _, beans , cabbages , greens , lettuces , and so forth , will address me , " Herringsgate , Rickmansworth , Herts , " and , as far as possible , I will conform to their with . Here I am , sinking a PUMP in everv man ' s back
kitchen , as the water is near and I am making a splendid heap of compost of the earth taken out of tlte liouse a foot deep all through , out of ihe yard a foot deep , and the marl that comes out of the well , from which the place takes its name Kedmark y ; to each of those heaps I will put thirty barrel * , cf best stone lime and have all well turned _"• --d mixed for manure ; every wall is fourteen inches
thick and will he stuccoed with ROMAN CEMENT . Even house will have a path of fifty feet from a highroad , and _. when finished , will be a glorious sight , and the best answer to the brawlers . As the seasun advances and the land begins to awake my mind begins to expand with it . On my arrival here I had sixty letters , and a large number every day since , many asking me , "How money was to be sent o tbe Bank ? " To all such questions , my answer
My Very Dear Friends-Strange As It May* ...
is through the Directors , and all who are afraid of having their affairs known will receive private acknowledgment and quarterly private balancesheet . I still adhere to my former opinion as to the indispensable necessity of holding a conference HERE in July ; ia which month I shall have completed all the allotmentsfor location . I shall have every acre of the land drained in the very best style , for three reasons . Firstly , because I can do all wholesale at 50 per cent , nnder what each occupant could
do it at retail price . Secondly , because land i * a perfect state is the best security in tbe world , while land in an imperfect state is tli 3 worst ; and , Thirdly , because our engagements as bankers make it just and requisite that we should place the security for interest beyond cavil or dispute , so that _£ 500 a year from our hands may he good and sufficient security for £ 350 a year interest . I say » that as the season advances my mind expands ' and indeed , I have so much to say that I would require a Star to myself—so much so' that I
can only map out the additions here . I mean to propose first , second , and third premiums , of 9 / ., 6 / ., and 5 / . on any estate ; and referees , to whom all disputes shall be referred , to bechosenby ALL , from those who shall get premiums , to serve for a year ; and I propose , that the _two-acre man shall be equally elig ible with the four-acre man to get a premium , and that ALL shall select three farmers from the neighbourhood to adjudge the premiums ; and I shall also propose the establishment of an Insurance Company , for our own members only , and a Sick and Benefit Club , to be confined to the members of _esch estate , and that that department shall be under
the same management as the Insurance Department j and , in order that injustice should be done to none , I shall propose , as regards the REDEMPTION _DEPARTMENT , that , as soon as members shall have paid up the value of their respective allotments —whether two , three , or four acres—tbat they shall be elig ible WITHOUT BALLOT—that is , that their own monies shall be applied to the purchase of an estate for them , as it would be _vsry unfair to have used their monies , which they cannot withdraw , without giving them the benefit , while the plan would not postpone another ' s location for a dav . In short , that we now set about and establish
a COMMUNITY OF HAPPY INDIVIDUALS , upon the principle of co-operation ; —one large family , in which no man shall , if willing , bave the power of cheating his neighbour . When 1 can see my way clearly—which I shall before July—1 trust to be able to prove to all men of all nations , that this world is large enough for TEN TIMES its present population , but too small
for one-half who now live in it , under a badVteraora Using , unequal , and cruel system ; and I have the consolation of knowing , that if faction should NOW destroy me , I have sown the seeds of thought and reflection , which must produce a good harvest of contentment , peace and plenty . When Section 4 is full , I SHALL CLOSE . At five to a family , four sections , of six thousand each , will embrace
ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY THOUSAND —a family sufficiently large for ONE MAN to take care of . Others may then follow in my steps , and may very probably improve by my errors . This week I send nearly £ 10 from this place , for Section 3 . I rejoice to state , that erery occupant has chosen a three-roomed house and out-offices , and we are now engaged in all the operations—building , making roads , burning clay , and about to drain and plough . We have completed the fence ail round the estate . 1 have merely taken a cursory review upon many
subjects upon which I will be more explicit in the April number of the Magazine , as 1 fiad it imposbible to express my intention in a letter . You must have the whole plan before you at a view , and then , perhaps , the gentlemen of the press , who know no more of laud than an Irish pig knows of geometry , will tell us— "Ah ! bnt the poor creatures are not to dig their POTATOES BUTTERED AND ROASTED after all . " GOD HELP THEM ! Ah ,
my friends , how sincere is the sympathy of the ADVERTISING PRESS for those who are the merchandize of their supporters . They little think that my principal aim through life has been to expose iheir weakness and selfishness . It really charms me when I see the farmers stopping to admire our horses . Alas ! what strength I have concentrated out of your attenuated muscles and exhausted frames .
On Sunday 1 visited Malvern estate in company with one of the wisest , best and most intelligent men in the world—a man after my own heartevery inch a man—he slept at Lowbands on Saturday night , and came from London for no other purpose than to see our operations , and it pleases me to tell you , that he was astonished and deli ghted , and he is a man for whose judgment and opinion I have the greatest respect . Many good men will come to us in the long-run . Now , think on all I have shadowed for you , and a ! so think that the indolence of
some is postponing my time . As soon as the names of member- ; are all sent up , I shall start with the deed _myself and see my own work done ; and my tour will be for signatures to the National Petition , as the Land can now take care of itself , and 1 caii save the society all the expenses , by killing two birds with one stone . I have now a word , and not the least important one , to say . Malvern is a great place for cold water doctors , and we shall have one hundred and seventy of a society there together with a large population , and why should we
not have our doctor ? I think Doctor M'Douall has rendered as good service to our cause as most men ; he has a growing family ; he is a young man ; when he left us for a bit he neither spoke or wrote against us ; he really must not be allowed to spend his unrequited youth in our service , and therefore I , for one , will give my mite towards establishing hiin in his profession , and will cheerfully become treasurer to a fund for tbat purpose , to be kept open till Michaelmas , and all monies to be sent to the Northern Star Office , addressed to me , and to be acknowledged
weekly , and to he applied as intended , and for no other purpose . It is folly to suppose that men of genius and talent will give us the _benefit of their support for no other remuneration than the reviling of our opponents . Let us begin about tbis work at once ; a little from all , and a good man and hi * _, family are made happy and more useful ; and , believe me , that no one circumstance brings greater odium upon us than the neglect of our own friends . As to
the plastering at Herring / gate , in reply to our friend Sweet and others , I have only to say , that I will receive proposals by the yard for plastering inside ; the work is lathed . 1 shall not he at Herringsgate till Thursday next , as I have to attend a large auction some distance from this on Monday and Tuesday . Mr . King will lie there on Saturday to super _, intend all operations . All proposals for plastering _iuiide may be addressed to me here at Lowhaud * _- . Your faithful friend and bailiff , _FEsmm _O'Co-r _. _aon .
' He Jlwtfitnt Ste And National Trades' ...
' He _Jlwtfitnt Ste AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL .
Vol. X' No. 488- London, Saturday, Febru...
VOL . X' NO . 488- LONDON , SATURDAY , FEBRUARY 27 , 1847 . _„ _. S _^ SS _^ r _^ . _^
State Of Parties In Francs. (From Our Ow...
STATE OF PARTIES IN FRANCS . ( From our own Cor « jjH > iief « it . ) DISCUSSION OX THE ADDRESS IN THE CHAMBEI OF DEPUTIES . Pabis . —This long and tedious discussion has been of last brought to a close , and the ministerial address , _wltl vtry few amendment * , has been voted by an _immense majority . The _discuision itself was , a * usual , a sort ol programme of the whole session ; It _fhowed the spirit in which tbe different questions will be treated , both bv the Ministerialists and tbe Opposition : it showed the numerical and moral strength of both parties ; the arguments and the principles which , in the course of the spring and summer , will bo brought forward . This _diseussioi * gives us , in short , tbe spirit of tbe whole session , aud , therefore , deserves attention . The great numerical preponderance of the Ministciial party has again beeu established beyond any doubt . The hopes which were here and there expressed , that this con . servative majority would be split into two fractions of eonservateurs hornet , " whole hog"' conservatives , and _conservateursprogretsifs , has , _aswastobiexptcted _. proved an egregious fallacy . In spite of some impotent"young conservatives , " who try , at the same time , to keep up tbe present system , and march onward towards progress—an impossibility evident to tho meanest intelligence—M . Guizot rules and reigns over the votes and _conscience , of the fearful host of •* centriers , "and " _ventrus , " or bellymen , at they _aresigaiticantly called ( big whigs , as I heard a similar party oaUed at Manchester ) . Indeed , the " belly " Is the most prominent and predominant party of the
present Chamber ; a mass composed of bankers , large merchants , and _maaufacturers _, their agents , and those of the government , extensive _landowners , who have started up since the Revolution , by buying up the small and mortgaged properties of the peasants , and such like . They have been elected chiefly by the small electoral _districtioftbecountry anil petty towns , where tbeiriaterest either monied or landed , is predominant , and where a constituency of from 100 to 300 electors allows tho government to hold the balance of power by corruption . The deputies of this party represent generally none but theirown class , i . e ., the proprietors ofthe Bauk of France , the money lords of the Paris Exchange , etc . ; in short , tbe monied interest above all , and partly tbe manufacturers , mine proprietors , and large landowners .
This compact mass of wealth , influence and votes , in very meanly indeed taced by aa opposition , which , be . sides heing much less numerous , are at the same time more than ever divided . That fraction , which in numbers aad influence comes next to tbe majority , is that led on by M . Thiers . It is called the "left centre , " and is made up of elements very similar to tbe majority . Here we find men almost equal in wealth to those ofthe majority , but who upon the whole represent rather the manufacturing and shipping than tbe monied interest ; a fact which undoubtedly uill be proved when the discussion on the Free Trade question comes on . While the interests of the majority require peace and a good understanding with England , and suffer in no way hy the computition of the English manufacturer , * M . Thiers rallies round himself tbe hulk of all those interests which are endangered , both in tbe homo and _forsign
market , by English competition . This is the reason why il . Thiers and his papers are strongly opposed to Free Trade , white M . Guitot and his party consider it as an open question . One ot the ministers hassaid to some of thejFree Traders— "Be strong , and perhaps we may tiien be wiih you . " This is , at the some time , the solution of _Guizot ' -s " cordial understanding" policy , and Thiera _' s _anti-Euglish ideas . That . the parts of both _aetors upon jibe _Spauish . marriage question appear exchanged , alters uothing . It is a nitre passing affair . il . Guizot and his party must necessarily return to the English alliance , and H . Thiers mi ; easily profess friendly feelings toward England , because neither he nor his adherents would venture to involve .- tbe country ia a war with England . The necessity ofthe English alliance is allowed by both parties ; they differ upon [ the extent only to which it should be carried .
The _kbore-mtutionod anti-English interests are not exclusively represented by the - 'left centre , " but more or less by _ele-putUs of all fractions oftlie opposition . The left centre , _honeter , may count upon the assistance of those fractions in every question where these interests are at itake , aud therefore may be said to represent them par excellence . The waveriog policy of M . Thiers and his inseparable Odilon Hat-rot have induced a portion of the members ofthe "left centre" to try an alliance with
the more moderate _memburs of the " left , and to constitute a new party under the leaders tip of Messrs . Uillault and Deifaure . Tbey pretended to cany out in good earnest those professions which M . Thiers always abandoned when lie got into power , or when he merely got a chance to acquire it . Their attempt has , however , signally failed . Tbeir so-called national policy was limited to some few differences with il . Thiers upon the Spanish question , and their strength was proved , by a division , not to eiceed twcnty . eiuht members .
Tbe whole of the left centre , and particularly JI . Thiera ' s fraction , speak very much about a " strong government , " and a ' national line of policy , " as if this strong _government was possible as long as the present class of electors retain their voting monopoly ; as if Guizjt , witb his overwhelming _majority , was not the strongest possible government under present _circeims ' . _aucss ; as if th * _moncr-lorda , fund and stock jobbers , under whose influence the deputies are elected , cared a farthing for a national policy , and would not rather put up with any insult than interrupt by a war their profitable jobbing ! And such nonsense is demanded by the very men who would not alter an iota of the present electoral system , and who , by tbeir necessity only , have been forced to propose some insensible alteiations , as set forth in a late pamphlet of II . Thiers ' _s friend , _Djvergier de llauranne ! Follow the more or less Radical memWs of the " left . "
If the " centre" or majority , represented the bulk auel iiitleience of tbe contented monied and fuuded iuttrest , tne " left ceuire , " th » more or lets discontented m * HUlacturing interest , and both together the " _hmte-bonr . _ycoisie "—what you would call money-lords and cotton _, lords in _England—tbe' -left" represents the more mode it portion—ths inferior ranks of the middle classes—tbe " moyennt et petite bourgeoisie "—the _SHorocsAcr . This chess is , however , divided into two fractions ; a fact arising from its vacillating , undecided position , between the ruling _haute-bourgeoisie and tbe people . The iufi-rior ranks of the middle classes , smalt tradesmen , shopkeepers , < fcc , hare neither the energy nor the _iwlluence which would enable them to govern a large country ; they cannot form a distinct class , with distinct interests ,
_equally opposed to those of the great money-lords and to those of the people ; while they sutler from the _pressure o f the concentrated capitals and industrial est iblishments of the ruling large capitalists , are yet inseparably connected with those of that class . Froui tbis go-between character of ibe inferior middle classes , it follows naturally , that those among them who , upou the \ t ! h > 1 « , would rather undergo the present pressure tban risk tlieir fortunes by political changes in such a hot-blooded nation as tbe F rench go to strengthen the ranks of the ministerial or the Thiers Barrot party , while those who sutler enough utider the present system to drive them on to risk something for betteriug their position , form a party of their own , aud make more or less concessions to democracy , The first _portian , that which rallies around the two
" centre , and which mostly consists of adtuuers of Air . Odilon Barrot and bis soporific paper le Siectt ( the Century ) , has entirely given itself up to vassalage uude-r the _haute-bourgeoitie . the other portion supports the deputies of the " left , " who , in their turn , partake of the indecisive character ot * their supporters . The whole of the left , it is true , demand Parliamentary reform—extension of the suffrage ; but to w « jt extent ? There begin the differences . Tbe more enlightened clearly see , that there is no chance ofa _lasting government betwixt highbourgeoisie rule au the use hand , and popular democracy un ; the other and that , therefore , all changes ot the voting system falling short of Universal Suffrage , will either pr _» _re uBeleas against the present system , ol
government , or inevitably lead to pure democracy . They , therefore , resign all hope of erecting a _shopocratic government , and openly preach alliancs with the _prop ' s . But the grtater part of _the-ra continue to hope for the practicability oi a system which wouid pl » ce the majority in the hand * of fit shopkeepers , _iv-itl sr . _iaU traders and _mamilacturfM , and which , by tho * is _jans , would * * _nitt ' with equal success the _corruption - ofthe present system and the " excesses of _democrAvj . " they are , therefore , supporters of monarchy , _mtul t the _first-mentioned minority of the left are around republicans . There are , on account ofthe many fra « ti- oul 0 f lu _- party _. and of their numerical weakness , _na recognised leaders amongst them .
Thc remainder _oS ft e chamber is made up of the ' Legitimists , " who . are Yevj few in number , particularly since the _lasteltcUwi , The south of France is the country where they _pusxesn * . he _- _- Jief strength * , but eveuthtrt the spread of t * iv" ; , j , at jon continually weakens the influence , andtte ' _j the convictions of the frieuds ofthe "ancien Wjj ' jr _.-e . " The utter iuipjteucy » f this party cannot b * a >' jre dearly proved than by the speech ot M . de _Geiiour _* _, _^ de puty for Toulouse , aud editor of the _Gastfttt di France , aud the * ; way it was received by the _Chaux _^ e r . Il , de tteuoude , " * clever fellow , tried _everything to make something attractive of _lesgiti-nacj ; he aB ' ied it with democracy , he confessed the faults of the _^ iestoration , he cried out against the treaties of 1815 ;
* W» Must Except The Coal And Iron Propr...
* w _» must except the coal and iron proprietors , who mostly adhere to II . Guizot , and who could not _compet-j , upon Free Trade terms , with England .
* W» Must Except The Coal And Iron Propr...
no go , he was not even listened to , and his speech made not the slightest effect . In my next article , I shall show these different elements of the Chamber in their action upon each other , and comment on the discussion of the different questions , which , during tbe first fortnight of _February , occupied the heads and tongues of the French collective wisdom _.
C&Artfet Fottelugattt
C & artfet fottelUgattt
To The Chartist Body. Pnienns,—The Perio...
TO THE CHARTIST BODY . PniENns , —The period , has now arrived when , according to the rules ofthe National "Charter Association . an election muat take place for five persons to fill the office of Executive Committee , _forthe ensuing yca _*\ The mode of proceeding must be as follows : _theaub-8 ecretarie 8 shall eon veno meetings of the members in their several localities , and at snch meetings it shall be competent for any two members to nominate five persona whom they may think competent to hold that office , —providing , all such persons so nominated are at the time of nomination , and hare been for six months previously , bona fide members of the National Charter Association . The nominations to take place between the lst and 16 th days of March next , and the result transmitted to the office of tho Executive on or before March 18 th , after which date no nominations can be received .
By order olitte Executive Committee , { SiRisTOPnHn D 0 T 1 . B , Secretary . Office , 83 , Dean-street , Soho , London . TO THE CHARTISTS OF GREAT BRITAIN . Brothers in the sacred cause ef truth , justice , and humanity , I take the liberty at this period , pregnant with political events , to address a few remarks to you , as a humble worker , upon the present position of our body , and the coarse of action yon ought to pursue , in order to advance the great principle of political and social emancipation . If we look around us at the present time , we find every inducement to stimulate us to deeds of virtue and patriotism . We see the different
political parties bidding for popular support , and though the measures brought before the nation fall very far short of what we deem necessary for a removal of tha host of evils , which , like a canker worm , are eating the very vitals of the people , still those measures indicate thnt public opinion has made giant strides in the right direction , and that if we only do our duty as thorough-going democrats , and act unitedly together , there cannot be the shadow of a doubt of our ultimate success , in rescuing our common country from the foul grasp of that tyranny and misrule which has forages desolated the hearths of millions ot our working brethren , their partners and offspring-This , therefore , brethren , is the opportune time for a renewal of the energy and enthusiasm which
characterisedthe hey-day of our movement , with that increased amount of practical knowledge the result of our previous experience . Brethren , if we purpose to attain the object of our oft-repeated aspirations , we must be more aetive and zealous than we have been during the last three years , for surely you cannot for a moment suppose , that it is either just or manly on our part to expect the few choice and sterling spirits who have , and do still battle for us , to bear the whole weight and responsibility of carrying into effect the propositions which have from time to time emanated from our chosen delegates , particularly those of the preceding year . Brethren , our Executive Committee , ever on the alert to take advantage of every favourable
circumstance , and turn it to the- advancement of our glorious and liberty-reviving principles , have on many occasions _addressed us in earnest and _unmistakeable language , for the purpose of inducing us to come forward and perform our portion of the solemn contract entered into with them . And how have we responded to their fervent appeals ? Why , with a few honourable exceptions , those appeals havebeen treated with coldness , nay , culpable indifference . Yon , with the humble individual who now pens this le ter , must be aware that without we render them our cordial support , whether pecuniary or otherwise , they cannot do anything really tangible or beneficial for the furtherance of Chartism . They cannot work practically with an empty Exchequer . They cannot employ efficient and honest _advecates to
promulgate and carry out the many propositions thnt have been laid before us by them . Some amongst our body may complain of the inactivity of the Executive , but it should be borne in mind by such , ero they find fault , that the battle of right against might—of justice against injustice—of liberty against tyranny—can never be fought , with any probability of success , unless we have well disciplined forces ; and we cannot get together those _torcea without the one thing needful . If we look to any other political party , we find they act very differently to what wo generally do . When they desire to accomplish any given object , though that object may materially tend to operate against our interest , they do not fail to supply head quarters with every requisite necessary to effect the wished-for end .
Perhaps it will be said , in answer , that our body are so _pnor that they are unable to contribute largely to the funds of the Society , and therefore there is no analogy between us and any other political party in the united kingdom . Brethren , let us for a moment take a glance at the unhappy and oppressed people of Ireland , and 1 think weshall find " their conduct durin ? many years is a proof that " where there ' s a will there ' s a way . Now , it must be admitted that the people of Ireland ( not alluding for an instant to the last year or two , ) have suffered more misery , more poverty , and more positive starvation , than tbe people of any other country upon the face of the habitable globe , and
yet they ( tbe poorest of the poor ) have contributed hundre _' s of thousands of pounds sterling to forward and bring to a happy consummation what they honestly believed , would " . emancipate tbem from political bondage , and put an end to all their previous wrongs and grievances . They have been basely betrayed , it is true , by a mercenary , corrupt , and treacherous conclave of men , who had no other object in view than their own aggrandisement , at thc expense of their generous but too confiding countrymen . But the latter fact does not upset the position I have taken , viz . that " where there ' s a will there ' s way , " and that we cannot justly plead poverty as an excuse for not doing our duty . Weare not called upon to subscribe beyond our means , ( at
least , those who nre in employment . ) We are not called upon to pay more than one penny per week , one-fourth of which is to go to the general fund ; and _if-only 200 . 000 ont of the 3 , 500 , 000 tbat signed the National Petition in 1842 , wero to send one farthing per week each to the said fund , it wonld amount to thesumof £ 208 _Gs . 8-1 ., or in the year £ 10 , 833 _Gs . 8 d ., ami certainly ono farthing a-week from each of thc 200 . 000 persons is but a very—very moderate item , and yet you see what an excellent aggregate jt would make in one year . Let us see what might bo done- with tho abovenamed Kum of money , to forward our righteous principles . In the first place , thc Executive could devoto £ 50 to tbe remuneration of twenty-five lecturers , at £ 2 each , which would amount ia the year to £ 2 , 600 .
Fifty pounds a week _cou !< 3 be dedicated to tbe printing , publishing , and circulation of tracts , which our lecturers might take with them to the various ilistricts they would visit ; and , in those tracts ,, not only our principles might be clearly though _brieftr set forth , but also an exposition oftlie numerous ; evils under which the _people at present suffer , tracing thorn , and justly too , to the Leviathan—class-legislation . Suppose these tracts cost one penny for every five , as waa the case in Lancashire in _ISiO , wt > should have for distribution each week 6 i \ OO 0 , or in tho year , 3 , 000 , 000 .
The two modes of agitating , and consequently spreading our principles throughout the country , that I have montioned—the ono U rouse tho people to a senso of thoir dutv , by public lectures and speeches , delivered by ardont , talented , and honest Democrats—the other , the fire-side monitor , acting upon the toil-worn slave in his domicile , enlightening his Understanding , and warning him against the many enemies who rob , and otherwiso filch from him three-fourths of tho wealth he produces by his skill and industry—are , you will agreo with mc , calculated to do almost immeasurable good ; and yet it coukl , and would bo done , for the sura of £ 5 , 200 » year , leaving a residue of £ 5 , 033 0 * . 8 d . to be
anpi _ietl by your chosen officers to contest those boroughs where they had well-founded hopes , from prior statistical information , the people , or electors in those borough- * , were likely to succcod in sending men of approved Chartist principles to the Ilouse of Commons , who would make that place ( and it is the proper place ) the arena for the discussion of our grievances , our wants , our rights , and our interests . Brethren ! hoping you will receive the { succinct though roughly-put-together observations I have ventured to make , in the spirit in which they have been written , 1 remain youri in tho field of Democracy , An Old Pwkmb . _COUPAlt-ANGUS . —On Monday _evening the Mutual Improvement Soeiety celebrated their Twelfth
To The Chartist Body. Pnienns,—The Perio...
Anniversary , , _* , their meeting-room . Camnbell street ; Mr . James Simpson in _tbVcZr . fi 0 clock the members , accompanied by a few friendq sat down to tea ; and the same being finished the president opened the inteliectaal _fealu in _anareu raentat ; ve and convincing speech on co-operation as illustrated by the Leeds Redemption Society , the United Trades' Association , and the National Cooperative Land Company . Mr . Charles Bon _followed " on "Phonography . " Music , Shakspearihn reading and social conversation , filled up the rest oftho evening ; At twelve o ' clock the company separated , highly dolighted with the night ' s _proceedings- . HALIFAX . —Mr . Smith , of Bradford , lectured in the Working-man ' s Hall of this place , on _Sunda y last , to a largo and attentive audience . At tho close tho lecturer received a role ol thanks for bs services .
BRADFORD . _^ _-Grieat _Ppwjc Mbbtwo to _Aaow thb Nationai . Peti-jion . —On Monday evening , a public meeting was held in the Odd Fellows ' Hall , Thornton-road , to adopt the National Petition . The large room waa crowded , there being not less than 1 , 200 persons present . Mr . Alderson was called to tho chair , who opened the meeting , and called oa Mr . Lenegan to move a resolution and the petition . __ Mr . Lenegan very ably combated tho charge of ignorance brought against the working classes , as an excuse to defer their rights being granted . Mr . Rawnsly seconded the resolution . Dr . M'Douall , on rising * to support the adoption ofthe petition , was received witb a most enthusiastic welcome , and during his address was repeatedly applauded , and conoluded .. a most argumentative speech amidst the hearty cheering of the meeting . The petition was carried unanimously .
The memorial to Lord John Russell , for the re . mission of the sentence on Frost , Williams and Jones , was read by Mr . Smyth , and seconded by Mr . Sharp , and carried unanimously . After votes of thanks to the Dr . and chairman , the meeting separated . The novel spectacle of reporters from three flewspapers was witnessed at this great meeting , and the goodly sprinkling of the shopkeepers who attended , is the best proof we could offer of tho march of tha principles of Chartism in Bradford . MANCHESTER . — Mr . Robert Wild lectured here in the People ' s Institute on Sunday last . His lecture eave great satisfaction . I
OLDHAM . —On Tuesday , February 23 , Mr . Dickinson , of Sunderland , delivered the first of a course of three lectures in the Hall of Scienoe , _Horsedgestreet , on the Prospects of Freedom . The lecturer gave greatsatistaction . BIRMINGHAM . —At the usual weekly meeting on Sunday evening , a vote of thanks was passed to Mr . Clark for his able defence of Chartism in the _disaussion with Mr . Gurney . THE _ANTI-MILITIA-ENROLMENT COMMITTEE met on Thursday evening , the 18 th inst ., at the residence of Mr . Hook , the treasurer to the
committee , 141 , St . John-street , _West-Smithfieltl , Mr . Pulsford in the chair . Moved by Mr . Hook , seconded by Mr . G . H . Tucker , and carried unanimously : — " That the balance in hand , in addition to any money that may be heroafter received , after paying all just claims upon the committee , be appropriated equally botweenthe "Central Chartist Registration Committee , " and the" National Alliance , " and the treasurer and secretary be _requeued to carry out this resolution on or before the 8 th ot March , 18-17 . " It is hoped that those members _wha have not returned their books will take or send them to the above address , before that date .
SOUril LONDON CHARTIST HALL , 115 , Blackfriar ' s Road . —Mr . T . Clark delivered an animated lecture on the Life and Character of Socrates , to a very numerous and intellectual audience , on Sunday _evenine , Feb . 21 st . TOWER HAMLETS .-At a general meeting of members of Whittington and Cat branch ofthe Land Company , held February 21 , Mr . Lawrenco in tho chair , Mr . R . P . Mathews and Mr . Cummings were appointed auditors for the ensuing six months , and Mr . James Wells , scrutineer . The following resolution was carried : — " That we recommend to the members of the various branches tho propriety of taking into consideration , for the instruction of delegates to the next Conference , the making a suitable provision in the Rules of the Company for the payment of the agents by members of the various branches . "
_fflHUDDERSFIELD .-At a public meeting in the Guildhall , on Tuesday last , the National Petition was adapted .
Cljarttst Eanu Company
Cljarttst _EanU _Company
Stourbridge —On Sunday Afternoon A Few F...
STOURBRIDGE —On Sunday afternoon a few friends of Democracy met at the _houso of Mr . Chance , in the parish of Old Swinford , war Stourbridge , and opened a branch of the National Land Company , for Stourbridge , to meet every fortnight , at the Crown room . Mr . Geo . Holloway attended trom Kidderminster , to give every information required . A treasurar , secretary , and committeo were appointed , and after a vote of thanks to Mr . Hol ! owav the meeting broke up . AS UB URTON . _Davox . —At the meeting of shareholders on Monday last , Mr . Murs delivered an excellent lecture , which gave great satifaction .
_SUTTON-IN-ASHFIELD . —The following officers have been elected : Charles Meakin , secretary ; J . Fox , treasurer ; G . Webster , scrutineer ; John Hay and Wm . Oxley , auditors . It is intended to hold a jubilee when the occupants take possession of O'Connorville . We hope the same will take place all over the eountry . _IIiNDhKv . —The shareholders have approved of Mr . O'Connor ' s suggestion to hold the next meeting at Lowbands , in July next . Greenwich and Deptford . —The shareholders approve of Mr . O'Connor ' s suggesfion to hold the next conference at Lowbands in July . A number of the members are subscribing threepence per week in support of the Land and Lahotir Bank .
Walworth . —A numerous meeting was held at the Temperance Hotel , 9 , East-lane , Walworth , on Wednesday evening last . Mr . John Simpson , the district secretary , having said ai few words in favour of the object for which the meeting was convened ) Mr . Edmund Stallwood , who . was much applauded , stated the object , progress , a * d intentions of the Land Company . Mr . John Sewell then delivered an energetic , able , and _eloquemt address . Mr . Sewell announced his intention of taking a _foir-acre share , and depositing a large- sum iu the Land a _» d Labour Bank .
Manchbstsk . —The shareholders of the * Manchester branch are informed that the officers-attend at the office , People ' s Institute , to receive-subscriptions _, and levies on Wednesday , Saturday and Sun- _, day evenings . The _shasreholden are requested , to bring in their cards _fnrfeWwith _. ' _, _.
Rate And Tax-Paying Clauses Op Th» Iefor...
Rate and Tax-Paying Clauses op TH » Ieform Bill . —A public meeting was held in tho-Vestry-rooms , Gordon-square , St . _Pssncras , on M * on _~ day evening , to petition Parliament to repeal the above obnoxious ' '* clauses . " Mr * Churchwardfitt Wagstaff occupied ; the chair . Mr * . Wheel _rinoied and Mr . Hornby seconded the first resolution , which was supported by the members & r the borough , Si Charles Napier and Sir Betijapam Hall . Me .. John Arnott ami lit . Clark seconded the _adoptieaofa petition _similaor to the one , adopted at th _» recent Crown and Anchor meeting . After am eloquent speech froni Mr . M'GratK the petition _utas unanimously adopted . The usual votes of th *» ks concluded the proceedings .
Dreadful Accidknx os tub Hull , and _Sslbt _Railwa-j . —Wo regret fc » say that one of tho most dreadful accidents thaJihasever happened on this line occurred on Sunday evening last . The mail tram left tho Hull _statioa _, at six p . m ., for- London , _bsmg drawn by eight engines , the " Kingston" and " York , " and having eight passengereamagesand five i waggons laden with fish attached . The train had 1 proceeded to within about a mile and a half _efi Uessle , the first station , where , from some unex-. plained cause the second _engiao , the " York , " sprang off the rails , and dashed into the passenger carriages attached to the " Kingston , * forcing seven of them off the rail with terrific violence , and sraashir _^ theni
to atoms . The greater number ot passengovs were of course thrown out : one , Mr . James grown , of Ilessle , tin-plate worker , was killed on tho spot - another , of the namo of Waring , of Dewsbury , was so mnch injured that he died at the Coburg Hotel , whither he was taken on the following evening ; and ei ' _-ht others are now lying at various inns in Llessle , suffering from tho fearful injuries they havo sustained . On Tuesday last , an inquest on thc two bodies was holden at tho Granby Inn , in Ilessle , before Mr . Conyers , cno of the county coroners , and a respectable jury , when the evidence was fully gone into , but verylittle light was thrown upon tho ori _^» of tho accident . Thg jury _returned a verd i _, _^ of " _Aooidental _th-s-. th ., _' *
. A Few Words To The Members Of T Charti...
. FEW WORDS TO THE MEMBERS OF T CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND COM PANY . _Bbohibr Workers , —It has boen my lot to hava frequently heard , when conversing on the land , numerous objections to the details of the system to ba pursued by the allottees , as recommended by Mr . Feargus O'Connor . One would prefer freBh meat to bacop , another objects to the potato crop , a third does not understand tht culture otfiax , or the spinning of linen yarn , and a fourth would prefer sugar to honey _. Upon these topics I wish to offer a few observations . Firstly , and generally , let it be understood that each 1 allottee will be at perfect liberty to conduct his _agricultural and domestic arrangements as he might thin k proper , though I would by no _> means hava von flh ht the opinions of Mr . Feargus O'Connor . No
' doubt a flock of sheep would be kept on each estate by one of ti ' _-e allottees , who would prefer sheep-farming or mi ' gh' * understand it better ; thus mutton could be _obtained in exchange for other produce . But , on the score o / both economy and health , I should recommend . witnal fsod to be dispensed with as much as _poosible . As' regards the potato crq * ., X should not be inclined to h . _ward it after two general and successive failures , and- witb the prospect ofa third , the new potatoes now in the market having already exhibited the disease . Nor do I agreo witb Mr . _Peargus _CSonnor as to _ifs-eligibility as a staple * article for pig-feeding ; _potato-ftd pigs may make to * lerable bacon , buir- will not _malie good pork , meal and peas being _reej » ired to give the meat sufficient firmness . With _reference to fihx * . I do not thiBk
many persons will Mow the recommendations of Mr . Feargus _O'Conaoras to it * culture . One of tbe principal arguments of our respected leader for the adoption of _home-spira ! linen is , _thafr without it the allottees and their families will have no occupation for the lon g e veniBgs _effwinter . Wish- all due deference to the opinion of Mr . Feargus _CSonnor , I cannot think that reflecting-and inteiligentimen and women , or youths and girls , will sit before the fire on a winter ' s ewninir , gauine en vacancy , with their hands on their knees , for want of tha spinning wheel ) With a small library of standard wort ** , * and the newspaper , a man oi even common intelligence need not be at a loss to-dispose of his leisure in an agreeable , profitable ; and intellectual manner- Neither would the
culture and manufacture of flax afford an adequate _remuneiation to tho _allotte * . If we take the time occupied in tha manuf ' _acturxof the linen , and the cultivation of the ' raw material , into calculation , we shall find it far mere exp- _-asive than buying linen at the wholesale price , which ; could be done by _^ cooperation ; we must also consider the relative value of the land occupied by the flax , and add it to the value of the labour , or rather-the time . A fewwords on the substitution of heney for sugar , and I have-done . I am aware that this substitution has taken place for some time in the _^ _emmunities of the White Friends in Ireland , in order to avoid giving even indirect support to an unjust system , but though bee-keeping is a profitable and agreeable occupation , it would be found far rare _t-o if the honey was sold , and sugar purchased with the produce . By _the-co-operation oiall the famih ' es on an estate _.
_ugarcouldi be bought at the wholesale price , and thus thehoney would be found _tobMi-ore valuable ia the market than for home consumption . I cannot ; suppose that our friends , having gained their allot * ments by co-operation , will fail to cury the principle into _theirdumestic arrangements , tbat tbey will be so blind to < th _« advantages of co-operation as fur rach to go individually to market , _U _* * _hu'Vc-ao l ) i > - profil * . ot the oligarchy , instead of buy ing vheii c . _uLi , soaij . candles , grocery , & c „ in _theiiiiolew _' e market , _n-ui thus saving from 25 tooO per c . - . nt , it-, _wyc v .. rude . to say nothing of the time which votlid [ _, i " oat by each allottee marketing for himself . In Urn ho ; :. } that these hints may be useful to _tlune- who wili \ n a few months take _possessi-. _tt of t _' _-wr _rea-yemi birthright , so long alienated from them ,. I remain , fellow-workers , Your friend and brother , Tuoif as- _Fuosr .
4t*Ocflkommjj $Xtttii\0
4 _T _* ocflKommjj _$ Xtttii \ 0
Cur Of Lon.Von.—The Members Of This Bran...
Cur of Lon . von . —The members of this branch of the Chartist Co-operative Land Company are requested to meet at tbo George , _George-oourt , Snowhill , on Sunday evening , February 28 _thpat So ' clock precisely . Tna _FRA-raasAL Democrats will assemble on Monday evening _nsxfc , March lst , at eight o ' c _" ioek , atthe German Society ' s Hall , Drury-lane , three doors from llolborn . Subject for discussion , "The American National Reform Movement for the establishment of a Landed Democracy . " _LiTuiuuTi . & i » nTUTio . v , John-street , Fitsroy-squire . —On Sunday , February 28 th , at half-past seven , J . B . O'Brien will lecture on practical _Qhritriiamty ; his text will be— " My poople perish for lack of knowledge . " '
YYoBKiita Max ' s Haix in MARiiisosa . — The spirited lessee of the Koyal Marylebone Theatre , Mr . John Douglass , having placed his house at the disposal 01 the committee , a benefit in support of the abovo Hall wiiltakc place on Tuesday .-evening next , March the 2 nd , under the patronage _oftSir B . Hall and Sir C . Napier , the mombers for tho boreugb , who will honour tho theatre with thoiniprcsence * , on which occasion Sheridan Knowles ' _s ppnubr play of " William Tell , " the sketch from the _i-S-onch Revolutionof 17 _# Vcalled '' Robert le Grange , * - and the nautical drama of "Black Eyed Suaun , _** ' will be performed , together with popular singing and dancing . We trust our readers " will l 9 _* ml > a generous helping hand on the occasion , and crowd tho theatre with their presence .
_Mautlebonb . —A . members meeting will take _placa on Monday evening , March Isit , LS 47 . at the Coach Painters' Arms , Circus-streot / . _New-road , at eight o ' eJooJe _. Mr . Clark will lecture on Sunday , evenin * , February 28- at the Coach Painters ' * . _Atms , Circusstreet , New-road , at half-past _seven . o- ' slock . _Assbmal * ' and _Risadinq Rooms ,. S 3 ,, Dean-street , Soho . —On Sunday , February 2 Sth ( 1 Mr . P . M'Grath will lecturo on " The l _' olitical Events of the Dav . " South _Lobdos Hall . —Mr . J . Gathajd will deliver a public lecture at the above Hall ,, on Sunday evening next , at eight precisely ; subject ,. " The advantages _, to- be derived by the members of the Land Company from the study of Chemistry . "
_Shorbdmcii . —A lecture will bo . deljvered at the Railway Coffee-house , Brick-Ian * ,, on Wednesday evening nest , the 3 rd of | March ,, » t seven precisely ; subject , ¦ ' Chemistry , as applicable to Agriculture . "' EiNsnuRi Literary and Mechanics' Institute , Fredeiick _* place , Goswell-road . r-Mj * . W . D . Saull will lecturo at this Institution , ) on , Sunday evening next , February the 28 th . _Subjects— " Tho Divorsity of-Opinion among Mankind . " ' _IVi-commenccat haltpast _, _sovoa precisely . _IIaum-uvsmith . — This _distrietof the National Land Company continues to meofc-. at . Eio . 2 , Little Valeplace ,. _IJainmersmith-rond , ; o .- r tbe enrollment of shareholders aud the receipt of weakly payments . A meeting of the members will be held on Sunday morning next , February the _2-Stfci _, at ten o ' clock in the forenoon .
_WasaviNSTBti . —A _publkji-discuasion is held _ewsry Saturday evening , at the _Twnpamnce Hal ) , Broedway-. Subject for Febri « i 1 y . . thD 27 th- " Tho Law of Primogeniture . " _Bbsmondsht . — -Tho _mambcrs-of the Chartist . Association meet every _Tuesday o »« _aing , at tho _Fainners ' Arms , Grange-road . Versons- desirous of _jeinipg ths Land ' Company can _havoUhais-sames enrolled for the 3 rd section . _Fwshukt . —A _geneaaLmeairing of tho members of tiie Finsbury branch of 1 thc-Land Company * will bo held at the MechanitsV InBiiilute , _Frederickis-place , Qoswell-road , on _Tuij-jday evening noxt , at eight _ofelock . Tub Eastbbn _P-a- _^ _sjiawiric Euano * s _** _5 * ti _Sociair will meet on Sunday , the-33 th inst ., at Mr . Smith ' s , the Weavers ' Arms ,, Brici-lane , _SpiialficUla ; and on Wednesday next ,. March 3 rd , the mont _!* Jjr mooting will be held at tke _abov * house .
Public _Disci'ssiy * _- - _*—* On Thursday eveamg next , March the 4 th , _at-tlif * Coach Painters . " 'Awns , _Cirous Circus Street , Marylolsone . Subject— - -Which society ii best calculated * to * , promote tha general good . The Nationai Chaaiiit Co-operative Land Com * pany , or the National Land and _Riding Association ?'• To _commestfe at eight preoi _^ ely . _WiLwoiKfl . _—JJ 1 m > secretary of this , district of th _» Chartist Lane ! _Company will be ix _Attendance * at tho _Temperajigo IJiai _' i , 5 ) , East Lane _* Walworth , insteadof the _JKflutpij'ijw , jas _heretofir ( 3 » . _evsry Month ;
evening ,, to _ejuol shareholders . _A-nd . on _Wednosili-y evening . next , March the 3 rd , _ngneaS public meeting will bo . hold ia tho . above capa _^ us Hall , in su _^ prt of tha Ijaiid Company and th _^ . I ' H . bour Bank , w & ch wilk ba _ad-Jaessed by Messrs . . . Clark , Doyle , S « well , Stallwood , -uad others ; to c _«** _W * iicc aUi-jht _o'clock _pt-ecjselju Ti _* r i _^ vkosal _Co-operativfi . _Bcnafit Sooie _^ f and _Provident Institution , Auxiliary to the National _li-jind , Company . —The S _^ _cceUry will _attoj- ii at the otKco _, SS , Dean-street , _Schp ,, from seven _totaao ' clock on Wednesday owning ; next , March 3 rd ' , to enrol names , etc
Tub _MKinoroLiTi * i _» _Committkb will , _i-pet at SS Dean-street , Solio , en , Thursday _eveni-ig next , at 8 o ' clock . Tun Central V _" Mislration and _General Election Committeo will ijeld , its next _niectiiig ; at their _ofbie , . S 3 , Dean-strec _^ Sok > , on Tuesd _^ ownin g next , 36 ight o ' clock . . ... BiKMiso ) _ivSi . _* = > Tho Petition _cwamitteo , Mis * all parties holding _petition sheets * ave requested io , attend at th _* sjjlp Inn , on Sunday evening , _U \ 2 . Sth , at sev «\ o ' clock . A iueotw » S will be heltX at 08 , _llill-stwot , on Sunday ct _««» iig , at six o _' _cloj "!; , _Huwuui . * _* _* . —Th-. quarterly meeting of the Blackburjk branch of the National _L-Mni Coi _^ _ati ) ' will ba I h _* W on Sunday ovening , Feb . 28 th , a , t tivo o ' clock , in Mr . Georgj Nttrton _' s _'leniperanca , ljotel , Whalley Bank . 1 _Mat-chi-stnn . " -Mr . James Clark will _loctttM at tl _$ ' People s _IiwtUuU , on Suuii _* _- _^ _$ _<& _, 28 .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 27, 1847, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_27021847/page/1/
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