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fWEB RgAftYj 7 * Ig4T - THE NORTHERN STA...
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^fore ign i-flobements,
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•An "And I will war, at least in werdg, ...
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• ¦ 1 thi» 1 think I hear a little V- u,...
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KEVELATIOXS OF AUbTtUA.-SO. VI. \V * < W...
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* *' Revelations of Austria," by H..ICoa...
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MORE REVELATIONS OF RUSSIA. More PiasfHc...
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erofomal anti jfoittp intelligence*
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INDIA AND CHINA. The Over-USD Mail has a...
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THE CRACOW INSURRECTION. PUBLIC MEETING....
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ScAitcm" in SwiTZEnusD. —The Coumo- de I...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Fweb Rgaftyj 7 * Ig4t - The Northern Sta...
_fWEB _RgAftYj 7 _* _Ig _4 T - THE NORTHERN STAR . 7
^Fore Ign I-Flobements,
_^ fore ign _i-flobements ,
•An "And I Will War, At Least In Werdg, ...
• An "And I will war , at least in werdg , ( An ** ( Anel—should my chance so happen- _^ _deeds , ) * fi * With all who war with Thought ' , "
• ¦ 1 Thi» 1 Think I Hear A Little V- U,...
• ¦ 1 thi » 1 think I hear a little V- , who sings rrheperhe people _by-and-by win be the stronger . "— Eisos .
Kevelatioxs Of Aubttua.-So. Vi. \V * < W...
KEVELATIOXS OF AUbTtUA .-SO . VI . \ V * < We conclude onr extracts from this w ork by giving the ithe remarks ol M . Kocbrakiswicz oa tbe late KA _«» ACB *> S IS OA 1 XICIA . __ Wi We bave seen that the Polish language , essential _basis _ofnaofnationality , is & AM « en in tbeKhooU , the tribunal , _admiadministration . army and church-that the fe . Snor , a esta estates and those of the peasantry are _individual-that theitheproprietor * « _naot free th « e peasants from _forcM labo labour , that the entire revenue of tbe forced labour , and even even more , accrue * to the imperial treasury .
11 _Metttrnieh says In his diplomatic note of the " th of Mar March , 1 S < 6 , thathe ha * sent to his agents at the Germai man court * "thatthe _Au _» _tvUn government had amelio , rati rated the condition of the Polish peasantry who hate pol polonfsm ( _Polenitimn ) because i : _reminds thtm of their mil _mUcry-ihat the insurgents of Cvmow and Gallicia did Hot not wish to make a revolution , but a counter-revolution . " It It Is of bad angury for tbe Austrian empire when its gri grand vizier Metternich is driven to defend himself by _sui such diplomatic falsehood * . During no period of the Ta polish independent government has the condition of the pe peasantry been legally and systematically more enfortuns nate than under the paternal _j-overnment of Austria .
The lordshave a right to forced labour , but on account of of this f * _rcc ( l _labour they pay to the Kaiser , under the hi head of direct and indirect t _mes . more than a hundred ai and twenty par cent They are obliged to maintain a it jnsliciarv _. anamaa datariu * ta levy the _conscripts and fe taxes on _' tbe peasantry . The lords might virtually ren nounce the forcedlabour , tut' they cannot free themselve * f from the charges attendant on the forced labour , and v which absorb it to ihe Kai « r '« profit . V ? e have already c observed that there are beside * , peasants , of whom ththese censti
I Kaiser i « atthe same time lord ; peasants . 1 tute the domains , and are called _Xitramerab . It is of _« these peasants that the paternal _government made use l to massacre the piests and Polish nobles . It is not the ] peasantry of the nobles who assassinated their lords . . ' No , it was _tbeKaiser's _peasamtry , commanded by Colonel _Benedik , and soldiers disguised as _peasante , who went from castle to castle murdering the Polish nobles , men , woman , and children , without ever having previously seen thero , and delivered the bodies tothe Circles ia _i consideration of tju florins ahead .
Metternich was far from supposing tbat Europe would discover all thc atrocity and baseness ef the part which _hebadplayedinorganiiirg the massacres of Gallicia ; he was far from supposing that Europe would ascertain the troth of this sanguinary drama , through the disguise of offichl calumny aud falsehood ! He no donbt though t if once the Gallician nobility were broken down and _dispersed , that the peasant * would return to order , and kneel , as they had previously done , to tbe paternal yoke ofhis most Catholic majesty : his views hava been frostratrd , Earope has branded withr . ll its indignatior * the acts of the Austrian cabinet A thrill of horror—a feeling of disgust and contempt has pervaded all hearts , and _Austria has lost in the eyes of Europe tbe little consider .
ation wlarti she _mii-ht _stili en _* jf . y . We thins it necesgary to recur to a fact , which may not be sufficiently under ' stood—we mean tbe part which the peasants took in the recent massacres in Gallicia . Tlw actors in these scenes of horror are not _propirly called _peasants . They belong to the landwebr , _acd had all been mere or Ie-, * demoraRted and debased in the ranks of the Austrian armv . At the first call c ? the administration these men , or _rltker bandits , feU npon the nobUity . but they ivcr ,. driven baek on several points by the real _peasantry ; in general , these men nrmed themselves for the defence of their lerds , but they took care to st pu _' ate fer the abolition of forced labour . " _Pessints _defrn ed the castle of the Princess Odnska . and protected it against wretches in
the _pey ofthe Austrian government . In conclad _' wi *; our extract * - from * inis -work th * s fewest words of _cemmeut wili suffice . We cannot _consratLlate author , translator or _publisher , as to th * -work ' s appearance , th- _bey . _* kloo *» _ms aa Hit h'id been pitch _fork'd _together , rather tban written , translated and printed with that csre which the public have a vteht to expect . We have been < _Ti * ap : iointed , ton , « _regards the extant of M . Koubrakiewicz ' _s reveaAments . A work bearing the title _t > f" Revelations ol" Austria , " should
tell ns soroethinz of life in Vienna , the iniquities of Austrian rule ie Hungary , Bohemia , Italy and other eonquer . d states ; and al ? o _something of the foreign poiicv of Austria , ber relations with Russia and Prussia , and her probable designs upon Switz ; rlandL ztA that true Germany not vet _^ _-ubjectedto her rule M . _Koubntkiewicz's disclosures are nearly _wiio'ly confined to Austrian Poland . T 7 e admit this is not bis fault but his misfortune , he , seemingly , being only acquainted with that portion of the _Austrian _st-ites .
The " Revelations of Austria" have yet to fee written . Nevertheless , we we , _' _.-me-t 3 ie revelations coc . tained in this work , as far Ui they extend . We must , however , protest _acains-t two gtavc errors ot tbe author : —1 st . his indiscriminate abuse of _tLe Germats ; i _* . nd . * 2 ad , his leanic » s townrd Russia . _^ Tiie edifor has dene well to guard tbe readers _against tbe latter . It would appear that under _vrhichever-cf the three despotisms a role _Js _deomed to live , he regards that particular despotism as tbe ¦ worst ofthe ilirec ; thus M . _lii . oubrakiewritz is le 1 to resrard the Prussian tyrnnnr in tbe light of a free and blessee system compared with that of Austria , and even the _Kn-s-sian autocracy is less hateful then the rule of the Kaiser , _according to thc same _authotitv .
Indeed , since the mas-acres-fn Gallicia there hire not been wanting terror-stricken and renegade Poles to preach _up the necessity of the Poles * _-tJbmittin- * tbemselvcs quietly to Nicholas and _anialguiniitinR their _covrole _-v «\ i \\ _Rt-sia to save both irenn the tyranny ofthe Germans generally , and the _j-crfidious : ci'ecity of Austria in . particular ! This appears to us very like jumping out of the frying-p £ ! i into the _f-re . This very week has bronclit us new evidence ol the unmitigated tyranny anderuelty of the Russian Autocrat in bis atrocious uk £ _* e for forcing the _tini-Ter .-al conversion of bis _sufe'ects to the Rus-kn
church . Tbe atrocious regulation of this ukase we give below . The Pole who wGuld preach union witL , or rather base submission tn , such a "monster _»**• Xiebo ' . as , is r . traitor , and deserves a traitor s doom . With all its imperfection _tve-nevertheless welcome this work , as some addition tc ihose stores of _in-crmation , vet by far too scanty ,-from which the people of this cosntry may learn s _raelhinj ; ofthe unhappy Cocditton of those nations subjected tothe ' * three devil kinss _* ' of Eastern Europe . To the editor ( _.- _*•* - thor uf thj " Revelations of Russia " , ) we tender our thanks f _< ir his unceasing sad noble exertions to bring despotism into disrepute , and earnestly ho ; _-e hemay meet with all the encoursgment be deserves in the _prosecution of his laudable enterprise .
* *' Revelations Of Austria," By H..Icoa...
* * ' _Revelations of Austria , " by H .. ICoabrakiewicz , _tx Austrian functionary . Lon _. _Jon : T . C , Newby , li , ilor ti & er SteeetyCivendUh Squa-e
More Revelations Of Russia. More Piasfhc...
MORE REVELATIONS OF RUSSIA . More _PiasfHcurio'v bt Tnu _TxeiST Nicholas . — The Emperor < : f Russia bas _recently issued a < : ccrca , tbe object of wbich is to prevent _jiros-e ' . y tism in favour of any other reliqion tban the 'Greco-Russian . Tbe first article declares that any person _abjmring the Greco-Russian _relijiion shall fce . placed at the disposal of thc _eeslesiastical authorities , shall be disinherited by such of his relations as profess that religion , shall hare all his fortune placed under control , and shall not b" ? allowed to reside in the district in
which his property is situated . If he returns within the _basom of the Established Church , these pe * Ealties are to cease ; bat if he docs not return with . n the time fixed by the _ecciesia- _- tjc . * . l authorities , he is to becited before a criminal tribunal , which cannot inflip . i a penalty lese than that of perpetual detention in a convent , with unceasing acts of penitence aud contrition . The fourth article provides that whoever shall deliver _discourses , or publish _ssritings calculated to cause persons who _belon-i to the Greeo-Kussiau Church to abandon their faith , shaSl lose tie prerogatives ofhis rank , and be condemned to from one to two years' imprisonment . If tbe eame offence be committed twice , the delinquent is to be condemned to the los s uf civil rights , and to hard
labour in a fortress , fur _fioas four to sis years ; the third time , he is to be exiled in Siberia , and , in addition is all this , he U to receive the knout if he belongs to the cla & _es subject to eorporal punishment . Article £ * declares tbat fathers and mothers belonging to the Greco-Russian Church , who shall cause their ehikifcn to be _bapti-ed in another form ol faith , _» hall bs punished with two year */ imprisonment , and shall _liave their cbildicn taken from them , and educate * * by other members of their family of the _preco-Russiaij _religion ; and in case there be no relations of tbat weed , then by persons nominated by tue government . Any person prevention a member of an , ther religion fh > ni embracing the Greco-Russian , is to be imprisoned _fi-rsiTcral months .
St . _Pun-EsncBGH , Feb . 1 . —The Ru _-sian censorship has jast comniitttd an act of singular inadvertence . It has allowed tbe insertion in the Abeilk du _» ° rd of some stinzas entitled "LeMariage Force . " _ine _ees-jor only viewed them in the lightof beautiful _wtscs , ofa most inoffensive character ; * _mt , in re i-¦ " . these stanzas contained the most transparent aliMions to the union of Russia and Poland . The complaints of Poland were reiterated in these lines with great energy and warmth of expression . The allu-« ons were promptly cau » ht by the public , and all St . •• v _!? i * mii * ) een enabled to read , in a _journil which had undeimooe the ordeal of the censorshi p , Wtee bold pleadings in favour of Poland , when tbe « _-asorehip , at length perceiving its mistake , stopped _«« e numbers ef the paper not yet distributed .
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erofomal anti _jfoittp intelligence *
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INDIA AND CHINA . The Over-USD Mail has arrived bringing news from Bombay to January 15 th . The treaty with the Seikhs was duly ratified between Dhuleep Singh and the Governor-General on Christmas-day . S _^ r C . Napier has been raised to tha rank of Lieutenant-General , and attached to thc stall of India . The liewaub Ameer Mahomed Khan , tha instigator of the late disturbance in the province of Bhopal , together with two sons engaged with him in the insurrectionary niovement , have been ordered ti be imprisoned in the strong hill fortress of _Assccrghur . The affairs of the Nizam ' s dominions aro again rclapsing into their former deplorable condition . Fresh disturbances have broken outamongst the Khonds of _G-wrasoor .
NEW SOUTII WALES . Opexiso op tne Lvoislhivb Cocsciii . —On the Sth of September , Govcnwr Fitzroy opened thc s >* _ssion of the Legislative Council in person . In hia speech he expressed sa * isfaction at being able to _congratulate them on his first meeting on the returning prosperity of the colony . It was his " _au * "ious wish to administer the government on "impartial , just , and constitutional principles . " To this end he must acquire personal knowledge , and it wonld be unbecomins to pronounce an opininn at so early a period of their intercourse . It was , therefore , his intention to propose only such measures as were immediately _neceswiry to carry on the _sovemment . The estimates were the ' most important part of the business . As won after the clsse of the session as possible he intended ta visit several districts , including some parts _bsvond the boundaries of location .
NEW ZEALAND . Tnr , Legi _* -iati * rk The session of the Legislative Council was opened at Auckland , on the Sth of October , by Governor Grav . The rules of Council were read and adopted . Despatches from the Secretary of State for the Colonies were presented and read , and several new bills introduced . Execution op ose of ths Natives . —The court-¦ martial appointed to try the prisoners taken in arm !* , commenced it sittings at Paramatta Point , Porirua , onthel-lth of September . The first prisoner tried was Rangihaeata . one ofthe scoutscaptured at Pahatanui . bv the allied natives , on the 1 st of Auiust . He either is or affected to be insane : he was allowed the benefit of the doubt , and sentenced to
imprisonment for life . On the ISth came on the trial of a _htother of _Ranaihaeata , whose native name is Wareaitu , and his baptismal Martin Luther . He pleaded guiltv tothe charge of having been taken in arms against ' the Queen , and was sentenced to be hnnsed . lie said he was not afraid 11 die , but _recretted that he had not been 6 hot or tomahawked instead of being re-erred to be hanged . He was executed on _themornimrof the _ljtb . on » gallows erected at the foot ofa low sandhill , about three hundred _vardsfromthestockade which enclose the camp . Only about twenty European and Efteen natives were present . The prisoner walked with a firm step from the spot where his handcuffs were taken off to the gibbet , and stood perfectly firm jrhile the rope was adjusting .
_ FRANCE . The anxiety respecting the _question of subsistence continues to be painfully felt in the highest quarters . The ' - Reforme" states , that wheat has again risen in all the markets in the neighbourhood of Paris from 50 c . to If . 50 s . the hectolitre . A general rise has also taken place in the provincial markets . The " Jnirrnal _desDebats" _stites , that disturbances arose at Cloves , in the _department of _Eure-et- 'Loire , on the T 7 th instant , in consequence of orders having been issued by _theautharties to arrest all mendicants strangers to the depr . rttnent . Seventeen persons , men , women , and children , were captured by the pGfice ; but when they were about to be conveyed to prison an immense multitude assembled , armed with
sticks and hatchets , to rescue the prisoners . The snb-prefect then ordered an escort of eighty soldiers to charge the crowd , but three municipal councillors _benged of him to desist . The prisoners were then released . _Prosecctio _** a _*** i _*> _Acctrmr _, 0 F _* rnn _"Natiosal . " —The trial of _the > "National" for the publication of an artiile on Decenib r 18 , relative to the _Montpensier marriage , came before the Court of Assizes of the Seine on Saturday , in presence of a great crowd of spectators . The charges against M . Dslaroche , the responsible editor , were , first , offence _acainst thc King ' s person * , _seennd-y , having blamed the King for the acts of his _government , thus making him responsible for tbe same . Thc principal words complained of were tlie feillowine ; : — "The occasion _presented itself to realize a considerable profit ; the prudence ofthe father ofa faraily imposed silence en
tho fears of the state-man . and the dowry was fingered with the secret thonght that at an after period means would'be found to _apprise the resentment ot , the English -cabinet . " _Thejury _, after a short deliberation , gave a verdict of acquittal on both counts , AXMVF . R *« . KV OF THB CRAC' > W IksCRRECTIOX . — -A procession of students to the church cf St . _Roebe , Paris , took place on Monday , when a solemn mass was performed for the repose of the souls of the Polish patriots who fell in the insurrection commenced in Cracow on the 22 nd of February last year , l'he mass was chaunted by a Polish c ! _ei' _{* yraan who had escaped the massacre ia GrJIicia , and was attended by considerable numbers of Polish emigrants of both sexes and of all ages . After the service had concluded , "thc students" proceeded in . a body to the ofiice of ""Lc National , " in the Rue Lepellef _icrs , to compliment the editor of that paper on his recent acquittal . They then quietly dispersed .
SPAIN . ** War to r « _c Kxifb J "—The Duke of Saragossa ( General Paiafox , the heroic defender of _Sarcsirssa against the French ) died suddenly at Madrid , on tbe 15 th instant , at a very advanced age .
PORTUGAL . Thk _Civix War . —News from Lisbon and *< Dporto bas _be- * n received . _The-insurgent leaders have reassumed a course of active operations , attended with partial success . The capture ofthe depot at / vein * , a place within four leagues of Saldanha ' _s headquarters _, is -confirmed . __ They appear also _> to have taken Alcacor do Sal in the province of Alemtejii , together with thc garriscu , consisting of a detachment of _lSO-rcen ofthe queen ' s forces , under Major _Ilharco . There was a general rumour tbat some important pieces bad declared for thc Junta at Oporto . Thc position oftho hostile forces was such as rendered it likely an important action -would soon take place between the Conde das Ar-las and
Baron Casal . By tbe latest accounts _ChmI ha
a mountain covered with snow , on a rugged and almost impractics . -ble road , -called ' the ox ' s tail . " Ue wore under a surtout a portion of thc uniform of a _lieutenant-scncrtl . Four of his staff , being better mounted than he , eseaped . ; -the fifth , named Laeerda , Colonel of the volucteera of Baiao , and Macdonnall werecut down and slain , after _discharging their pistols and _elefending their lives bravely . _Mnnlonnell _wasof a Ilighland family , and first took service under Ii _* Kn * _iviiguel about tke year ' 1932 . He was a wellinformed man , aud hid thc character of an able general . His attachment to the cause of Dora Miguel _appeara to have been the r « iGt of his ardent _profecsiouo-f ihe Roman Catholic religion .
_SWITZERLAND . The .-Constituent Assembly of Basle has opened the _dieoussion of the new _project of a constitution . This project , conceived in a most liberal spirit , comprises , amongst other important reforms , the abolition of all electorial census ; a new method of election , founded on democratic principles ; thc institution of a president of the grand council , as well as two _burgomaeters ; thc faculty for the grand council to dissolve itself in great emergencies , was to allow the will of the people to manifest itself . The grand council of _Geneia is still occupied with the discussion on constitutional reforms . The Austrians have established themselves ou thu frontier of the canton uf Ticino so as to be enabled the better to watch the movements in Swiiz'Hand .
GERMANY . Accounts from Hamburg complain of the dearth of provisions and want of employment . The accounts frora Silesia continue very deplorable ; there is still such a stagnation in business in that province , that thousands of workmen in the manufactories are without bread , and therefore fears are again entertained forthe public tranquillity . A Jitter from Plaucn ( Saxony ) , of the 11 th last ., says : —Among the lettera returned to the bureau of the _no-t-onice , owing to their reception having been refused , and which are opened by the post-office directors , was one addressed , by a mason of our town , named llaustein , to thc monastery of the Capuchins , at Prague , iu Bohemia , in which he offers to proceed to Breslauaud to assassinate M . _Kongc , the founder ofthe German Catholic sect , provided thc convent would pay the expenses of bis journey , amounting to the small sum of about £ _* . _liau * tcin has beea arrested .
We learn from _Konigsbcrg , in Prussia , that Dr . Jacoby , thc young _physician ot that town who wa _** 8 ome time ago condemned to hard labour in a fortress for two years aa the publisher ofa pamphlet entitled " Five Questions , " and which the tribunal _fuund to contain a personal libel upon the King , has appealed to the supreme court against tbis judgment , and obtained its reversal , witb a decree that all the costs of the proceedings shall be borne by the state ,
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_iiti _-.-eiiw « . missus ¦ _oonsTitUTioa . — ine iohowing is to be the division of the votes in the States-General of Prussia under the new constitution : —The states oftlie Princes , Counts , and Lords , will have 80 votes , 10 ot which belong to members of the Royal Family ; the States ofthe Knights { Ititterschaft ) 251 votes ; the Cites 132 ; and the Towns 124 ; making a total of 617 * The votes by provinces are thus divided , viz ., Prussia 130 , Brandenburg 77 , _Pomerania 43 , Silesia 100 , Posen 50 , Saxony 73 , Westphalia 7 ** _- » Rhenish Province 80 .
POLAND . The Berlin Official Gaiette annoane 93 that the kingdom of Poland would probably be incorporated with Russia after the session of England and France . The Rhine and Moselle Gazette relates in a correspondence on this province : —It appears to be confirmed that the principal information and denunciation of the late insurrection of the Poles iu Craeow , Gallicia , & z „ came from Paris ; that the French government , and particularly Al . Guizot , followed , as in the time of Napoleon , the system of espionage in the saloons , of which there are several that receive support from the French ministry , in order that the _nvjsteror mistres s of the house may be able to receive a great number of strangers . '
Cracow , Feb . 12 . —General Rudiger , commander ofthe _Hiissian troops on our frontiers , is at present here . Large reinforcements of troops have been dispatched from Gallicia to tue Prussian frontiers , a * r ! it is cDrrently reported that the half of the very strong garrison of our _t-iwn will shortly take it 3 departure , with several caunou . Apprehensions seem to be everywhere entertained of some outbreaks on the side of Austria . We have the best authority for stating tbat _Castiglione has given orders that all tiie military in garrison here _Ssliall be in readiness to march ata minute ' s notice ; only one-half are permitted to go to sleep every night , and both the officers aud men have been enjoined to observe the strictest punctuality , vigilance , and order .
THE WAR IN TUE CAUCASUS . After two ' years of the most perfect tranquillity , which permitted tho Russians to direct their entire efforts agaiust Schamyl , the famous chief of the Tschetsclicnses and _Lesbians , war has again commenced on the banks of the Black Sea and of ihe Kouban with the greatest ferocity . On the 7 th of December the governor « f tho Fort Golowiu , situate thirty leagues to the north of Suckum-Kaleb , was warned by his spies that tha warlike tribe of the _Ubbikh-i was planning anight attack against the fort , aud that at the same time the T & chigeces , commanded by iladj-Teriko-Okow , ono of tne bravest chiefs amongst the Circassians , were collecting in the mountains , in order to surprise the fortress of Gagra .
Word of this wsw sent to Gagra . This circumstance saved the Russians , for during the same night 4 , WU mountaineers . ittacked the retrenchments of _Gagi-a with the * greatest fury . The fortress , which U surrounded on all sides by lofty recks , would have beei . certainly captured by thc Circassians , if the garrison , accustomed to peace during two year * , should have been taking unawares . But , notwithstanding the brave _resistance of the garrison , 800 men strong , pratected by artillery , the loss of tho Russians was considerable . The mountaineers , not being able to scale the walls , well defended by the Russian infantry , possessed themselves of a great rock to thc north of Gagra , upen which the Russians had established a post . Thence they directed a murde . ous fire agaiust the interior of , tlie fort , and their balls reached even the sleeping apartments of the officers .
This position was held during two days , notwithstanding several sorties made by the garrison , which were repulsed . The want of ammunition at length compelled the Ts-chigetes ( the lot Circassian tribe to the south of the great chain ) to retire to their mountains . The attack upon Fort Golowiu took place two days afterwards . More than 5 _. 0 U 0 _mountaiueereef the Ubbikb . territory had _suri ' cunded the _lortress . Although all their attacks were repulsed , the Russians _themselves admit that the enemy snowed more courage , boldness , and fury than on any previous _oceasioa , and that but for the information given by their spies , the fort would have run a great risk of being captured . With respect to the movement on the Kouban we bave no accurate information . We are assured , however , that i , 0 J 0 _Scltapsoakhes , commanded by Chora Beg , had _parsed the riveF near _Ladoschskaja .
UNITED STATES AND MEXICG . By the arriral ofthe _packet-ship Oxford , we learn from ihe seat of war that the _American forces hail tak-u the city ot Victoria ixora the Ut-xic ins without a _btttili ; ov even a shot being fired . Tlie occupation was _tiTt-ctcd on Uieii ' _io ! J . inu _. ry , by _General _Qiitnuii nsd Colonel . Kinney , _'i'liete seems to be soiue < iuestion in the papers as to the lora'ity of tliis _ptae-e , it being in one cmsstated to be the same as Mew Santander , a town in th . department of Tamaulipas , some two hundred miles from the city of San Luis Potosi , uhilst another states it to he sixty miles north of Suntauder , near the place wiiei e " . lens ia marked oa the map ; nevertheless , though tin site i- doubtful , the news lias given a fresh impetus to aie war fever of our transatlantic _irieniis . A frightful _ste-aiu-boat explosion took place at Ne ** . Orleans , on the 21 st of _lW-mbtir , when twenty perbonwere _leiiltd and many oilier * wounded . Tue Axti _Restem . —Wc _annuuitccd l : iit week thai
the ( _iovernor of Kew "fork had _pardont-d tlie Anti-Henters ; the following is a list of the pardoned * : —Daniel IV . Squires , Daniel Northrop , Zera Preston , Calran Jlaili-Bon , John _Pnoenix , _Isaac L . iiurhun , John Burch , W . Keside , John Latlian , W . lirUbaue , \ V . Joeeliu , C . T . UcCoruber , John B . Coons , and Tiiomas Margin ) , nlm were convicted in Delaware or Columbia , are pardonvu : > nd restored to their rights of eiiizeiistiip . Smith A , liouton , E . O"Connor , John Vanste-inbargli , and Most- * . _iiar'e _, pardoned , but not restored to their _t-i-jlua a * citizens _.
The Cracow Insurrection. Public Meeting....
THE CRACOW _INSURRECTION . PUBLIC MEETING . A public meeting in commemoration of the Cracow Insurrection of . February 'i 2 > ul , _lfiitt , and io the purpose of petitioning i ' arliament to aid iu restoring ihe nationality and independence ot I ' oi . 'ml , _to-ik place on Monday evening la * t , February 22 nd , in the Literary lusti . ute , John-atieet , Totte-imam Court-road . Tlie Polish national . _flaz graced the platform , and excited th-j interest of all present . At ehjht o ' clock , on the motion of Messrs , Doylu and llaruey , Ernest June * * , Esq ., was called to tlie chair .
The CniiuiiA * - introduced the business of the evening by reading tne Cracow iVianilesto , _s . A said - They say , •' Charity begins at home . " So it ought ; but the adage docs not say it is to stjp at home . Englishmen are renowned fur generosity _;—yes I thoy are generous—to kiuys au < i princes , Wnoni their suh jeets have t ' uuud to bad to keep in their owe country . _^ Che ers . ) l ' ou can _peuciuu an Eruest ot Hanover , and a Leopold of lielgi . ua ; you can _sub-tidita a _loeu-ji-sivaru- of Meiniiig & _'i and Leiuiugeu . ; you can supply rich banquets at Windsor lor a murderous Uu-bariau , . Nicholas , the guest uf her _At-jesty—( cheers '— . you can even allow £ lOU , 00 D a-ycar to a foreign old lady , who _wsrs kind enough to marry a king of England : can . you not do _nonietiur-g moid
than _pensien royal pauper * ? Can you uot .. Wist a brave people in the recovery ot their rights . *'—not with money . ; no ' . —tho _hu-M'ty of _democratic Poland cannot . e bought , b y gold—it must be achieved by steel . " Neither aro you culled upon to fight ; no—but we do call -upou you to _assert your _coustict'tional right at home * , ut compelling government , by the power uf public opinion , uet ouly to maintain the _dij-uity of its own treaties , aud enforce , at J east , some respect lor _Eiigland ' _-i honour—hut , aa they puuUU a . -starving eliild lbr a * _* aling a crust of bread , thus to ju » i _» t in _punialiiiig t , crowned robber , -iviio -. teals a natiuti ' s land ! ( Lord cheers . ) _Youri-eil ' - _ititeit'est demands this . The chief spoilers ot
Poland have * been here . Wiial do you think they come here for ' ( To admire eur institution .- ! , or to intercede witb the Queen for _ourstarviiigpopuiatk-i . ? No ; to take a _leufiou in humbug , and to give one in tyranny . ( ClieewJ _ifou must qudl desuotisni wherever you bad it—that is jour true _uiteiesscJ Little good if you strangle it in e ue place , to lco ic rise i . i another . Ta revert to _l-ohmd—and her cause te Ibe cause of the world—I wouid _-j-iy a word tot hose poor sluves who advocate peace under any circumstances . ( Hear . ) _IV-aee is the _i-reaicst blessing oti earth . I am fur peace as much as say man ; would to Cod there was not another battle to be hu _» ht on the earth , nor a huniaii vein to be . opened by the sword of murder ! _Jiut Cod iorbid that another
battle _should uot be _fouj-kt—or ten hundred battles be fought—if liberty _canuot be gained in auy other way . Peace is a costly prize , but a slave is too poor to bu - it , except ill the coin of battles . { Cheers . ; Thin ! , nut for ii moment that 1 s and here , bidding the Poles abandon the sword , because J , as a Chartist , breathe thc doctrine of peace it * KugJaud ; there arc circumstances iu which ic becomes the duty of a people lo fight , and were you , Englishmen , placed in the _i-ame position as the Poles , I would call on you to _li- ; ht in the very streets ot this metropolis ! ( Applause ) 1 _okvid 1 know will do her duty—aud the _uljeet ot li _. e present mceiiug , if I understand it rightly is , not oily to encourage * Poland in her struggle , but to _inliui-uce- the legislative assistance ol England ; for , what Frederick the Great onoo said of France , ' Wuere he its king , not a _camum should be lired in
Europe without his permission : " holds good for us aud Kussia , lor were England to say , " Not a Uussiau battalion shall tread the soil of Poland ; " were English tails to a well before the ba tteries of _Vronalail t _, the \ istula would not long rcilect tho column ot Alexander . ( Cheers . ) But , my friends , 1 aspire too preiudly . a _JJrm-sh , Member of Parliament was solicited to take the chair this eveuiug _, when he _asiied who cailed the meeting ; and on learning thatthe committee consisted almost exclusively of working men , he wrote we were nut of _auih ' cient inllueaco More shame then to those who deprived thc working men ot England ol the influence they should possess ( Name , name !) The name of the gentleman is i » r . Uownng . iiui he is mistaken . The people are the rulers ot the coming years . Let privilege Wind its eye * * , and _ureaia ot eternal power , Surely if a few
The Cracow Insurrection. Public Meeting....
rotten potatoes can _uhake it to its foundation , millions of hearty men can overthrow it for ever . ( Loud cheers . ) Yes , friends ! it is no longer a struggle of crown against crown , or mitre against mitre , it ib the struggle of democracy against _despotif m , all the world oyer . Let privilege not think to stay its course , for God's own agitators are hurling it onward Now every potato has tongues as well as eyes , that preach against monopoly , which mado them tho chief food lor man , instead ol'beast . They say , that famine in its commencement breeds riots , —is its continuance creates revolutions ! May God avert them—may man gain llis rights without them—but if they do come , by Heaven ! they shall find us equal to the times . ( Loud cheers . ) Then , working men _ofEnf-land ! I know
you will sympathise , and more than sympathise with the uicH of Poland ; for I am proud to think this too is a working man ' s meeting ; aye ! none but they are stirring here in the cause of democracy . Surely it is not the aristocracy or middle cla < s . In illustration of this , I cannot refrain from readingyou an extract out ot the _ilformngr Advertiser of to-day , it alludes to the establishment of soup kitchens for the poor m Ireland and here in London : — " With regard to the metropolis , sites for kitchens are being selected , but here a slight difficulty has arisen—the inhabitants of the localities being naturally averse to witness the assemblage of the poor , the destitute , and the needy , brought together to receive soup . Sites in We'ttninstiT , it is understood , where little or no annoyance will he oc _** asio ! ied to the respectable
inhabitants , have been selected . " ( Shame . ) This needs no comment . No wonder tho preen pennon-of the Charter should be stirred by those democratic breezes from the Vistula ! ( Cheers , ) They may emanate from storm clouds—be it so . Better a storm than a mildew , and though the storms may come , remember , _thesun ts ever shining beyond thera—the eternal sun of liberty—and though many of us may not live _toi-ec the blue sky of viciory arching overhead , when the breath of the people shall have blown away the darkness , may that sun light some such epitaph on their graves— . * ' Here lies a man , who did his duty well . " ( Continuous cheering . ) Air . Christopher Dotle , who was loudly cheered , then came forward to move the first resolution as follows : —
That this meeting _1-oiding in just abhorrence tho disineinbermcnt of Poland , and the _innumerable nets of oppression and cruelty of which tho Polish people have been the victims , regards the Insurrection of Cracow , of the 22 ud of February , 1346 , as a sacred manifestation of heroic patriotism worthy of the sympathy and admiration of tho people of this and every other country ; and this meeting hails the Cracow Manifesto as an embodiment of the principles of Democracy , and , therefore , the true basis for those future struggles irhich must eventuate in the victory aud perfect freedom of tho entire oil sh people .
Mr . Dotle said , —Friends , like our excellent and worthy [ chairman , I am in favour of pcaceabio anu moral means to achieve the liberties of the people , and I believe I have ne > er been remarkable for _ailvocatinga resort to physical violence on thu part ofthe oppressed , for the attainment of those liberties . But when I find our brethren of Poland are not permitted to meet together in small or large numbers in any part of their native land , to make known the grievances or endeavour to peaceably obtain their redress , when I find that they are debarred , utterly debarred , rora .. using peaceable , and moral and legitimate means to free their country from thc accu . sed and black-hearted tyranny ofthe Cerberus despots—then , indeed , the case assumes altogether "tdifferent aspect ,
and much as I am opposed to the use of weapons of destruction , * and the taking away of human life , and much as I may and do deplore the _necessity of doing so , still I see no other course left open to our Polisfi brethren but a resort to the same mems to free themselves , that have been put iutopractice by their extcrable tyrants to make them degraded serfs . ( Loudcheers . ) The speaker then alluded tothe Peace Society , and said he was aware that the friends an _i members of the Peace Society would . _tnsirer him by _stating that it is wrong to take away life even in self-defence , and even if millionsof human beings were suffering the very worst of tyranny , that if their governors were cutting them off by hundreds every day , through almost , unparalleled cruelties ( as
lias been tlie case m Poland ) , yet the people arc uot justified iu rising , and , burning with un indignant . -ense of their intolerable wrongs , rush in one mighty phalanx and dash to atoms their enemies , and the cause of all their dreadful miseries at oue and the same time . " The people , " say thesj _phih-ntkropists , '' should not do this , because it is returning evil for evil , or murder for murder , but they should instead reason , remonstrate , and tell their oppressors they were doing wrong—very wrong , and they ought not to persecute , prosecute and murder Clieni . " ( _Satiiical cheer * -. ) My rejoinder to this logic is , that the people of Poland arc not al owed to exercise
this just right—they are not allowed to reason , _reuionsU'iite , or tell tlieir _ivou-hearted oppressors that they inflict wrong upon them , fer they are not permitted to meet for such purpose or purposes , and therefore they have no possible , or at all -events no probable chance , of getting the peaceful and nior . il influence of a wel' -duveted and cotecentrated public opinion to act uubn their alien usurpers ( cheers ); and supposing they had , it is , to say tne least , questiunitble whether it would induce such as tne Kussinu Autocrat to cut asunder thc bonds which hold our Polish _breti ren in the vilest slavery . From what wc know of the character of Nicholas and his
coadjutors in infamy , it is very clear that reasoning , remonstrating , or indeed the most powerful ot arguments , would not make any favourable - impression upon their minds . ( Loud cheers . ) Such , then , U the unhappy position and condition of the Polish people ; _-kud if they arc to follow out the doctrines ot the men of peace , they must bu content to remain slaves all the days of their Jhvs , and their children after them . Hut , friends , this doctrine is repugnant to nature , and to justice ( cheers ) , so long as such a system as that wliich cx _. sts in Poland continues , aud the patriots of that country have proved it by _tuakiitg use of tha ouly resource left them to free their father laudfrom the -vitiicriiig and lii ' _e-dcstroi'ing power of their haughty aud inexorable tyrants .
( Cheers . ) It is true _tney have tailed in _accouipiisliingso glorious an object , but they should receive our sympathy aud commiseration on that account , rather i ban our censure . ( Great applause . ) Our chairman , when speaking of the visit of the _rulh ' an Emperor > i ieholas to thia country , stated tho people cheered him , and regretted the-, were so foolish . He ( Air . Doyle ) begged to differ with their eloquent friend , and to tay the _fjco'ile of Eugland did not raise their voices in acclamation of this man—man . God foru ' td he should so far forget himself as to call that _dutestabb monster with a black and venomous Heart , and whose hands were red with the innocent blood of iiis victims , __ by so fair a name . ( Tremendous cheers . ) No ; it way not theJionest ivorkius - men ot
Albion that cheered this rkuditi human foria . Who , then , did cheer him ? Pickpockets , swindlers under the cognomen of gamblers , und other public robbers on a large scale , wao felt to a certain extent that he was a counterpart ot themselves . ( Repeated applause . ) Mr . Doyle next took _aa-iew ul tlie Polish cause anil showed that the democrats of this country could not advocate it , without , at tho sumo time , advocating their own ; for ( said he ) what _i . rc tlw Polish patriots -j- 'jeliiiig but tho establishment of thc same principles thnt the English democrats have been in search -of for a series of years ? The manifesto read to th'jm by the chairman , and which manifesto they were called ii _( . on to approve by the latter part of the resolution that he was
endeavouring to speak to , fully bore him out iu tho assertion . What did it breathe ' { The pure spirit of genuine liberty—that . the land which au nil-wise _Providcicj eraited for all , -. _liould ho enjoyed by ali ; that there _Otij-lit to be no class distinctions , as they betokened , on the one hand , superiority , aud o . n tho other , inferiority ; and mat they were , therefore , the bane and curse of the toiling millions , ; that there ought to be uo distinction , — no superiority , but where _thei-e was superior _wis-Jom , virtue and patriotism , aud thnt those great and necessary qualities were seldom found amongst kings , piiuces , nobles , _& c . In a . word , that . c > _mi'rehca--ive
liiougji brief document contained all that the most fastidious , critically strict , and thorough-going Cimr _* list could desire , and consequently in defending the principles embodied in that document , —in defendiii " the Polish Revolution of February , 1316 , under the _tircunsstancea he in . the outset had alluded to , he _considered be was rendering his humble aid to the _causo of true _freedom , not only in this empire , but all over the world . ( Loud cheer *! . ) Mr . Duvh * cou * eluded by making a fervent anil powerful appeal to his audience on behalf of Poland , nnd satdowuaiaidst _Uie unanimous plaudits of ti . e meeting . Mr . _Ilesnv Ro sa briefl y seconded the _rcfoltltiou .
Mr . Ci » L _fcciuiThit , who was received with great applause , supported the resolution in an elo' _-iiei-t euUiUKias ie and energetic speech , of which we _rc-rct nut . haying received _n report , but which was hailed throughout by the applause of the audience . ihe resolution was then put trom the chair and unanimously _iulopte-1 . Julian _Hakney , who was received with loud _e-Uccrs , moved the * K-xt resolution : — That this meeting , considering that justice und honour combine to demand Uriti ? h interference in behalf of Poland , resolves to adopt the following petition to 1 _' arlianient : — To the Honourable the Commons of Great Britain and Ireland , in Parliament ussambled _, — Tho petition of a publio meeting holden at the _Sciontific-. _'ind Literary Institute , _Jolni-strcet , Tottenham-court road , this ' - "ind day of February , 1817 , Sheweth :
That despotic governments ' , _foreign and hostile to the _pao'ilt ) of Poland , have by brute foreo aud vrueltj reduced that people of ( hat country t 0 a _atateof _flavcry and misery _uiK-sampled in the history of civilized nations . That this molancholy faot has been repeatedly brought under the consideration of tho British Parliament , but without producing that energetic action on the part of the British government in bahulf of the Polish nation , which , in Ihe opinion of yonr petitioners , justice demauds .
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That therecentforeible ann « xntiOB of Cracow tothe Austrian empire was , in the opinion ofyourpetitioneM , so gross a violation ofthe treaty of _Vionuaaa to render Euro trCa , y n ° l 0 n 89 F bln _"" S P ° n tlie SCTeral stat " That your petitioner * _mii « t » xpre » _g their _dissatisfac ion _attlio course _uku , by her Majesty ' s adrlscrs in relatum to the confiscation of Cracow . When _faitl . UM powers , whose onl y trust U ta brut 8 forc h „ e t 0 be deal - , mb . it is the opinion of your _petitioners that acts , not word * , should declare th , win of _th- B KreiU nation . "
That while your petitioners desire the continuance ot peace , they nevertheless nrdcntly desire justice to the oppressed at any cost ; they , _theveforo , earnestly pray your honourable House to address Her Majesty the Queen , that she will hu pleased to direct her _miniiters to forthwith cease _intercourse with the Koverumcnts of Russia , Austria , and Prussia , nnd to lake , _ivith the concurrence of Parliament , such other steps as may be deemed most _advisable towards _onsui ing the restoration ol Poland to the full _eitent of her ancient boundaries , and securing to the people of that country thc full power to establish institutions independent of foreign control , calculated to secure the rights and _happimss of the entire PolUh people . And you * * petitioners , etc , etc .
Mr . Hakxet . said , in assembling to commemorate the Cracow Insurrection , we arc not alone in offering this homage to Democracy . To-night in Paris , in Brussels , and innumerable other places , the friends of Poland and advocates of the rights of man , are holding _assemblies similar to this , to manifest their sympathy for a noble but uiifortiinalo people , and their determination to aid that people by all tho means which now or hereafter may be at their disposal . ( Cheers . ) We honour the Cracow insurrection , because it was intended to accomplish the freedom and secure the happiness of the entire Polish nation . The grave errors—to use the mildest form of expressioncommitted by the chiefs of thu insurrection of 1830 , arc not chargeable to the account ofthe patriots who
raised the Polish -standard at Cracow . The insurrection of 1830 tailed , _bscauso the revolutionary cause was not committed to the Polish masses , because the aristocratic chiefs had not the honesty and courage to arm tho masses and commit themselves to a " _war-io-tho knife" combat . Instead » _-f working out the independence of Poland for the people by thc people they temporised , faltered , looked toward the aristocratic government of England and the hypocritical government of France for aid , which of course was not afforded . The failure of the insurrection of 1830 was another warning _lest-on agains _* the fatal error of making half revolutions . ( Ileai ' hear , ) The Cracow insurrection was a dctnoerati outburstas was sufficiently testified by the celebrated
Manifesto , which has been r » ad this evening . That Manifesto is an embodiment oftho ( treat principle of equal rights and equal laws desired by the true reformers of this country . ( Hear , hear . ) Without enforcing a state of absolute equality ,. the Cracow Manifesto proclaims equal political rights and social justice . It proclaims the restoration of the land to the people , and ta every man rewards according to his labour and _hiscapacity . ( Cheers . ) Under such a system tho highest state of social development would naturally be the consequence of the _inititutionsofthe state . The ever advancing enlightenment of the peoplo and the cultivation of the principle of brotherhood would before long m » ke of tho entire Polish people one great Fraternal Democracy ,
iu which labour and reward would be equally apportioned , and happiness be the reward of each and all . ( Loud cheers . ) Of course , such a state of _things established in Poland would cause the people of everv other land to revolt _agiinst their tyrants . The mere hope of such a state of things ia France _slu-. ok the thrones of European despots j judge then what the realizations of those hopes would accomplish . ( Loud applause . ) Of course , such a revolution must be suppressed by any means . Louis I ' uilippc played the part of _Koval spye aud _iuformer-iu-ctiief , and apprised the despots of the moment when the tocsin would sound . It is to be feared that the government of this country was not altogether guiltless of taking a like infamous part ; at all events the Grahaniisimr of the letters of the
Polish and Italian exiles warrant that suspicion . ( Hear , hear . ) Thc Janus-faced Prussian despot one day giving his subjects a fudge constitution , and the next day acting the part of jackal to the Autocrat , surprised the patriots , and succeeded in dangering thc brave men whose sword ** he feared . Nicholas had recourse to his favourite Bystcm of terror stud thc knout , and the gallows did thc work of cruelty and death—the only means which Nicholas condescends to employ to secure the affection of his subjects . ( Ileal ' , hear , ) The climax of infamy was , however , reserved for tbe Austrian despotism . To crush the revolt in Gallicia , Emperor Metternich employed means which must consign hi * * name to everlasting execration , and ensure him a share in _tli'it
infamous immortality which Attaches to thc projectors ofthe St . Bartholomew massacre . ( Hear , hear . ) Men , women and children were beaten to death with Hails , some had their no . e and ears torn off , and their eyes torn out , some were ( laved alive , some wete cut into small pieces , and their ilesh thrown to the pigs for food . ( Sensation . ) Amongst the women _killrd were several who wero with child : ono woman had her unborn twins torn Irom her lil ' ele-s body , the wretches claiming in consequence the Austrian reward for thc three bodies instead of one . ( Expressions of horror . ) At least fifteen hundred persons died these horriblo Jcatha . In thc district of Taruow eight hundred widows survived their assassinated husbands , but there were several hundrcil children
who had been deprived of both parents , and were too young to tell their own names . By such means the patriots were paralysed in Gallicia , and the Cracow insurgents were compelled to succumb . It is disgraceful to this age that a government which can employ such means to presorvc its power is permitted to exist at all . Our priests preach against murder . Why have they not denounced these wholesale murder * 1 ( Cheers . ) They tell us Unit * ' Thou shalt do no murder" is tho _express command ofthe Deity , yet , dumb dogs as they are , they have not opened their uwuUis to dei \ ouvA _< iei _Uus horrible _ih-assacvo . ( Cheers . ) They will rave against the French Revolution , and describe the horrors ol the _Sjptt-mb ; _-r massacres , although the Parisian populace may have
this said iu their excuse that centuries of _oppression aud cruelty had bi'titalisud them , and besides , thoy were excited to tlieir terrible revenge by the horrible threats of Dmuswick , and the leagued brigands oi Europe . The victims too of the September massacre : were thc enemies and tyrants of the pe _.-ple , whereas the victims of Metternich were the friends and _b-. nclaotors of tho _peojile . The _uob'ts first butchered , and for ' . vh 03 C hea : ls rewards wero olf ' _ei-ed and paid , were men who had di tingui ** hcd themselves by tlicit ' philanthropy and patriotism , and who desired to turn their serfs into freeholders . They were not murdered by their own peasants , but by bands of ruffians , who came from a distance , consisting of Austrian soldiers , peasants who had served in the _Austriau army ,
couvicts released Irom gaol , aud such ofthe dregs of n population , existing more or less in every eouatvy—who are willing , for the sake ot intoxicating drink r . uu money , " . to commit _anyiitrocity . Such were iMctternich ' a * wretched instruments , who , by tlieir acts , have covered their employer with eternal infamy . J J-id our government represented the peoplo of this country , it would immediately have * declared non-intercourse with the Austrian despotism , ami washed its hands of the contamination which must result from connection with such a blood-reeking tyranny . ( Great cheering ) The couii-catinn ot Cracow afforded another opportunity for renouncing friendship not only with Austria , but with tho triple gang of tyrants . ( CiKera . ) Tho people of Cracow are
wronged , and the wrong done to them i 3 an insult to this nation . Cracow existed a * i an independent state , in virtue of the treaty of Vienna . To that treaty the governments of England , Franco , Spain , Portugal and Sweden wero parties , as much so as the g _* _ivevnm <* _nta of Ilussia , Austria ami Prussia . According to that treaty , the republic of Cracow was to remain free and independent for ever and under no pretence was its territory to be occupied by foreign troops . Instead of this , the ' republic , after having been repeatedly occupied by Austrian troops- , has at last been annexed to tho . Austrian stat s , in
direct violation of thc treaty of Vienna , and in contempt and defiance of tho other government '' . Ui course Lord Palmerston protested , and a more transparent piece of humbug tlmn that protest was never penned . ( Loud cheers . ) The _despots avow their con tempt for all laws and obligation * , however solemn ; they avow that their ouly trust is in brute force , they brandish thc sword , and cry— "Behold _ourrii-ht for doing what we please ; " they fling down the gauntlet , and cry— "Lsi them take it up who dare ! " And Lord Palmerston , what does he do f He " protests ! " Men of England , countrymen of Blake and Cromwell , has it come to this , that
In a bondsman ' s key , With bated breath nnd whispering humbleness , wo must content ourselves with the crawling remonstrance , tho pitiful , sneaking , hypocritical _protest ot a worn-out dandy aristocrat ? ( Great cheering . ) When will thc British people say to _sucli contemptible rulers , Get you gone ? make way for better men ? ( Uenowedapplause . ) Ami asked , Dj I wish this nation to go to war on behalf of Poland '( I do . ( Cheers . ) Great arc thc horror * of war but greater are the horrors of despotism . ( Cheers . " ' But we have no hope that tho present goYurninent wil act thus . Why , then , do we petition ? ' _•'< , \] 0 X ! ( jUj sympathy for the Poles , to show the
_Gou'i-nmtnand Parliament that wc aro not sharers in their criminal apathy ; and , lastly , because by petitionini , _- we are doing something towards informing the public mind , and - _sirparing the people to use _th-. ir power , when obtained in behalf of their oppressed fellowmen . ( Loud cheers . ) It is time that ¦ . _otiimon-seii' -e men spoke out against the twaddling humbug of the _nreachers of " permanent and universal peace . " ( Hear , hear . ) We are _opposed to ;; li wars _c-t aggression—wars for tho acquirement of tciritory , or what is falsely called "glory "—all such wars havo our heartiest condemnation . Even warfare lor the recovery or dc'cuco of tie rights ol man we regard aa a necessary evil , and
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would sanction no such warfare but on compulsion _. Thus fur , we accompany the " peace" men , but no furthor . ( Cheers . ) When they call upon us to submit to tyranny , rather than resh ' t by foroible means , wo will nut folloiv them , for wo will not violate the laws of nature by repudiating that high and noble instinct which bids us defend ourselves from wrong , and protect the helpless , anu aid the weak against the wrong-doer . ( Applause . ) To preach the contrary doctrine is to preach base submission to tyruuts , and add strength to their thrones . ( _Gteat applause . ) If the Autocrat of Russia will become president or patron of the Peace Society , and emp loy that Society ' s lecturers to teach the peuple of Poland the wickedness of attempting to gain their
freedom by force , he will do the best thing he could do to conserve his power . ( Cheers . ) I may be told that the Pence Society preach not only peace to the people , but also to the people's ruler ** - , and that tho adoption of their principles by governments would lead to the _dishuiidmeiit of armies aud the extinction of those means of force at present employed against the people , Ui anted ; but the peace me n well know ihat governments , as at present constituted , will never abandon force . It is by force—aided by f raud —that tins _tjrants exist—therefore , the conversions , effected by the peace men , must be all ononoside ; they may make drivelling slaves of the despairing many , but they will never humanise the po wet ful brigands who rule and flourish bv the sword . ( Loud
cheers . ) Our aim is to prepare thc people for that time , wbou , having obtained their own rights , ihty will have the power to me . ve _natwnaily iu behalf of Poiaiid . Lot iiieiids und foes , Englishmen and Poles , our _oh-h _guYtniuieiit and the foreign despotisms , un . derstand us . The _Democratic Committee tor Poland's _Hexoneration is not a band of conspirators . We do uot pretend to otter physical aid tu tne people of Poland . We do not pretend to offer what we havo n . _~ t to give , nor to _ threaten that which we cannot execute . Our mission is to _enlighten the public mind und piepare the _English peop ' e _liur the time hhen thoy will be abie to as-, ist the Poles with all thc
re-• _sources of this great nation . ( Cheers . ) Certain parties may affect to despise us because in their _eyea wo uro not influential ; Dr . Bowring may refuse to consort with us , because we arc not important enough for him ; no matter , we will work by ourselves . ( Cheer * . ) We wili at least do our duty , _strong in the ln ' uh that our humble labours will not be in vain , but that the hour will comewheu the nations will rise to enforce justice for _tlit-niselvcs and to do justice on their eppressors ; when king , kaiser and autocrat wiil be forever driven from the soil of free , regenerated Poland , uud Poland ' s ilag Unit YH'lorioU ' i over every other banner in Eastern Euiope _. ( EiUillifciasiic and prolonged cheering . )
Mr . T . Curk , mi coming forward tu second tha resolution , was loudly cheered . He said that upon entering the Hall , having just come from another meeting , hu hud mado up his mind to remain u mere ii -toiler , but being called u _<> on fey the chairman , and having heard thu brilliant speech of Air . Harney , he cuuld not remain a quiescent spectator ofthe proceedings . He felt , as all must feel who were capable of a generous thought , thatthe wrongs ol Poland were written on tho blackest page of European hist ry . ( iiear , hear . ) The partiti » u of Poland originally was au act worthy of the genius who presided in the iiilcrual rcgiv-u- _' , but although it migb . be said the English government were n-t in any way responsible ior that piece of villany , yet it would nut be denied
th ; 't they were bound , iu every sense ofthe word , ti _iii'iiitUin inviolable the treaty of Vienna . ( Cheers . ) And why had they not maintained it ? Because they wtic themselves akin in spirit to those who had pur-[ _jetralcd the atrocitiesiu Poland which they had heard detailed to ttieui that _mj- _. hc . ( _Chcere . ) But it Wat * said that the goyciimient had " pr _.-tcstcd" against * the _confiscation of Cracow , and in so doing they had dischiii ' ed their duty . Il was true thnt . they had put into the mouth of tut ; Quiet ) , tho mother of her people—( hughtei)—a statement that she had " protested " ugumst _t-ieitist uclof Northern ruffianism . Buthow n . usC the fine ; _tud noble _tecliogs uf the Woman have _rcYiilttu when , as the Queen seated upon the throne of England , with the rampant lion
at her lect — ( laughter and cheers ) — calling to i . uind tue sufienng and the stripes inflicted upon tlw _teoiiwit ol Poland , she was inane to express , in the wild _loudness of her se . v , that she had " protested" iigaiiiat crimes which aro too infamous to think ut . ( Loud cheers . ) lie was no friend to war , ne shuddered ut tho bare cemtempiatiuu of it , but _wIick he vecollectcc _* what use the government had made ot the physical force of the country at Canada —( _sedation)— China and Ali _' ghanistau —( immense _au . sauuii)—ne thought that more jenetniting and sinking arguments th _^ n a protest mhjht have been touud for the _Koe'thera _Busm * . ( _L-md cheers . ) Mr . _Ciuik had much pleasure _, u secohdiug the adoptiuu of thu petition , uud sat down warmly applauded _, 'ihe petition was unanimously udopud .
The C 1 UUU 1 . - 1 N theu iutroduocl Mr , William _Beesiey , ut Aucruigtou , North Laucashire _, who waa louii . y cheered ou cumin- ;; forward to move the _follo'vim * resolution : —
That _thi-i meeting recommends the country to suppor the DoinoiTaue Cuiuuut . te for _IVlanu's _fttigcuerutiuti ia _ci'i-atiug a _national agitation 111 favour of liritish inter _, _vuuiioii in bchnll of Poland . Mr . _BeKsu-v said he heartily concurred with all that had been _saiei m condemnation ofthe arch-uevil of Russia and tiie despots of Austria and Prus * ia ; and he considered the Cowardly and trcacuerous _conetuct * of Cue English government to be also worthy of tlit * severest _ci'ht-uro . ( Cheers . ) Above nil , he ' denounced the parsons , who kid rcinnhicd silent while a whole tuition was given over to execution , ( Cheers . ) 7 _' iie _i-art--ns every Suuday expressed theniseivea " miserable sinners , " which everybody knew—( hear , hear)— . 'ind how they had Jelt undone what they
ought to have i . oue , . and done thote things whicli they ou . ht no" to have doi . e —( laughter)—but they never told how the poor Poles had been butchered in coldbtod , er Lew Polaiul had _be . tu smeil on and dtslivytd by _int' _-trial robbers and murderers . _( Luuel cheers . ) _Ao , no ; they did nut tell us any . tiimg useful , limy icfttnatto others , _tliear , hear . ) They * _wotilei not tell us how much the church gormandised , or how much royulty _squaudemi , ' or what the _buho'is , _arciibisbops , ui . d oilier _so-calicei dignitaries Oil us . ( Cheers ) Dr . Bowring was doubtless a very ie / _triied mun , but he ought to hare beeu HeretouigU . lo have given this meeting ihe _bciietit of hi 3 learning ou the question of Cr « cow , and to have learned tuo ptib'ic sympathy for that gallauc ,
brave , but unhappy people , the Poles . ( Great applause . ) As Dr . Buwiiiig would not , or dm not , attend to the case properly , he should give it up , and tor his ( Mr . _Bei-sley _'** j part , he should like to seo Mr . Uuiiconihe taking the matter up with the same _eiierj-y _«» ho did tho Chartist cause , ( lieur , und cheers . ) It might be _si > id tL ' _tt _iiietivuituus _cwuJo hot do mucu ; but a-mass of individuals , bound ngciher tor one grand purpose could cii ' ect a great dea ; more . ( Loud ciiiers . ) lie would uot advocate peace when war was necessary . ( Hear , hear . ) iie could not * agree with thc cantors , who sail' , if Aichofas did evil , he must suffer iu the world to come , ( Laughter . ) No , uo . it evil was _cimtnitted here , iu this workl shouid the punishment be applied , and the sooner
¦ the better . _( _Uieatai pianse . ) Ho loved the people of Poland , because they _imt _tuiiy talked ol freedom , _butJuu" _-iiilor it , bledlorit , anil , consequently , deserved unit happiness treedom would comer . ( Great cheering . ) He hoped _tnis movement wouid ba carried out . A national agitation should be got up , which would compel tue government of this _couutry to _mu-rkve in behalf of Poland , ( dice s . ) He sug . gested that thc committee should Bend out two lee . turcra to agitato tho provinces—one should bu an Englishman , aud one u . Pole who _Bhould speak Eng . Jish . Thc Pole should tell the wrongs of his country and the Jitlwr . _Ujja of her children , and tho English _, man should cniorce the necessity of British inter-Icreucc to crush thc _t ' csp . _its wao trampled
upon , Poland . ( Great cheei ' mg . ) It might be objected that money was wanting , but let the committee only get their lecturers into Lancashire , and thev would at onee make the _agic . tion self-supuorttug . The people ot iYlauehester , who had a splendid hall of uieirown _, would receive them with open arms , and he pledged lii „ _-Si . | f that he would accompany tho iceturers 10 all the towns of _lNurth Lancashire within twenty miles 0 _f _Accrin _^ ton at his ov , ** . _wst . ( Great applause . ) _tmch an agitation would make the _Lvitishgovernmentd- ; something more than " pro . test . What the devil did the tyrants care- about a protest , when thero was nothing behind that ' protest i" ( Uear , hear . ) When tho Emperor of Cmiia wanted
to save his people from being poisoned , _e-d , theh . ii } _-lisho Yenimentdidiiot . " _pi'titc & t , " _sta-laud . nd bullets were tho arguments employed to convert t te _: ie Chinese . _( Ucar hear . ) Why did they not direct ect tue same sort ot _argumotUs against tho Russian iau beair ( Loud cheers . ) As long as tyrants _exi-sled , cd , _I'Crmancvit and universal peace" was all humbug , ug . there was' no way of dealing with the destroyers era of 1 olaud but b y using force , and the sooner the tho vengeance t-f tlio people of this ami every country was . van directed agaiust tbem the better lor humanity , : ty , ( Renewed and _euthusiustic cheering . ) Mr . _CAimuuit-Bccoiidcd thc resolution , which waa _ivaa unanimously adopted .
Mr . ' 1 . M . Wukklek , who was warmly _p _pnlai-dcd , led , in a few remarks moved the adoption of the " Ad- AtU _tlrcss to the Democratic Poles , " which will be found and in the thiid pago The motion having been seconded , the Address _resa w . is tmattimotislv adopt-. d . Mesiiv . Uakni y iu . il Wiimklur having moved a d a vote of thanks t ;> thc Uhruvman , whieh was curried _rietl by acclamation , . Mr . Joni' * ' ael ' iiowledged the comoli . _i-d _" ment , and themtctiufi _* , » 'kieh had _betu most _cnthu- thusiastic tbroughoui _, dissolved .
Scaitcm" In Switzenusd. —The Coumo- De I...
ScAitcm" in SwiTZEnusD . —The Coumo- de I'Ain 1 'Ain states , that butcher ' s meat has become so dear at r at Sehatftiausen , in Switzerland , that permission haa haa been --ranted by the authorities to expose i ' 01 sale _tlhj c the ilcsh of _horseB , asses , aud mules . _LEiCBSTBBr—The general traele continues dull , and v .. a .. ! iv . a . , _iHifiii'turera aro uo ing with groat euutiou . In _e-e-i ; ort ei ; ort _; goods more is doing , uud uwroorders aro autiviiuit . 'ei . _,-ei .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 27, 1847, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_27021847/page/7/
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