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October 27, 1849. - THE NORTHERN STAR. :...
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THE OLD HAKDLOOir WEAVER. BT BB. P. M'DO...
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ium\a
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THE HISTORY OF IRELAND. By T. Weight,Esq...
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SUNSHINE AND SHADOW; A TALE OP THE NINET...
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IMPORTANf IMPROVEMENT UPON THE JACQTJA11...
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Ecclesiastical Appoixtmexts.—We (the Chr...
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Vmem*
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TnK PnESENi axd in* Fotdbe.—I confess I ...
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THE POrUIAlt REMEDY. PARR'S LIFE PILLS.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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October 27, 1849. - The Northern Star. :...
October 27 , 1849 . - THE NORTHERN STAR . : >
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The Old Hakdlooir Weaver. Bt Bb. P. M'Do...
THE OLD HAKDLOOir WEAVER . BT BB . P . M'DOUAIi . Iu tte days of my father I lived hy my loom My song with my shuttle kept pace , ' _ciT starrati on nor poverty ' s gloom , Strong : _wasmyarm , and rudd y my _fece . tl t ° r ******* ° ? the rattli _« S loom , Cn „ i , _ll ° _^ payni S so _men _yi a _^ - b _?^ ' _* et _we _^ _banfab the gloom , And _srn g liberty ho \ he merry . S ' I worfced with good will , a „ d just when I thought to
t _^ _Pfentyeatand to drink : m _^ tbe 1 _& e a gentleman drest , Who then could of poverty think ? Made hay m the meadow for fan , f , rJr the stream whcn no marking day prest , And made my time-keeper the sun . 1 went to the wars just to fight on the spree , Like a fool thought the bountv a catch ; _lokemadmen , we cutdownthe oldapple tree , ine Dest fruit the more easy to snatch .
We Silled tho poop stranger -who -wore cotton Stuff Am shot our lest custom away ; ' ? T _^ . _T' _^ S Save our best friends a cuff , And then had the damage to pay 3 We did what they told us . -we had not a vote , We ruined our trade with tax trust , We laughed at the warnings of wise men of note , And now we are ground to the dust . The loom and hand labour became slow and dear , Machines came to cheapen and seU , Then prices came down like foul blight on the ear , And pale grew the weaver and fell . The loom left the cottage , the wheel left the hearth , Ana clang went the factory beR ; Then followed low wages , hard labour , and death , The chek of the loom was death ' s knell
Wesought cottage aid just to save us from theft , Were propped up by parish relief , But of that we were soon by the knaves law bereft , And clothed in the garb of the thief . We cracked in the bastile tbe hard Whiggish stones , And eat their old horse-flesh for beef " " Weknawed in our want all the old Tory bones , And . had separation relief . We kicked up a row , and were sent off to fail , To hear Parson Cant teU a he , For God never bade the unhappy who wail , To suffer , submit , and then die . Labour , sweet labour , weU paid they refuse , And yet heavy taxes they seek , Dow can they reap ought from the soil they abuse , One day s food is the wage of a -week .
_Tve see what it is to have maniac kings , "We feel now the taxes of war , We know what the want of a freeman ' s yoto brings For that is prosperity ' s bar . ' Courage boys yet ; The old snflrageis near , _TVe ' ve ah came of age to know right , Give us but the vote , and we'll never know fear Of tyranny ' s plunder and mi g ht . _TVe'll sweep away taxes , and open our ports Wide to industry ' s tide , "We'll bring hack again our old English sports , And plenty we'll spread far and wide .
Hurrah ! for tbe Charter , the spr ing of life ' s hope , Up , brother np , ' tis the morn , The long night of sorrow its portals doth ope , And the sun of old freedom is born .
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The History Of Ireland. By T. Weight,Esq...
THE HISTORY OF IRELAND . By T . Weight , Esq . ParfcXvT London : J * and F . Tallis , 100 , St . John Street This Part ( which is embellished with a beautiful engraving representing the death of St . Patrick ) hrings the first volume of Mr . "Weight ' s excellent history to a conclusion , and opens the second volume . The first _volume contains seven hundred and twenty-eight pages , and hrings the narrative of Ireland ' s troubled story down to the close ofthe year 1613 , when Catholics , Puritans , and Royalists seem to have conspired to render the entire country one scene of crime and misery—outrage and suffering . The savage _butcheries
perpetrated hy _Phelim _O'Nedx aud his followers , and the equally barbarous reprisals of the Protestant English party ; the perfidy of Charles the 1 st ., the bigoted tyranny of the Parliamentarians , aud the miserable sectarian rebellion of the Irish party—their outbreak never assumed the proportions of a national rising for freedom—are graphically detailed hy the historian . Although it is impossible to extenuate the barbarities which were commenced hy _PilELUI _O'Xehx , the "English " puritans must he branded as tha inciters of those enormities , seeing thathy their vexatious persecution of the Catholics they drove litem to revolt Even those Catholics who were
" -loyal , " and desired to remain so , were so persecuted hy the ruling powers , that many of them were driven in despair to join the " rebels ; _"' take one celebrated instance , —recorded amongst many in the pages before us , —that of the chivalrous Lord Castleiuvek who , when he offered his services to the Go-Ternmentwas repulsed because he was a Catholic ; and for no bettor reason he was annoyed , persecuted , and nltihiately arrested . Escaping from prison he joined the confederates of Kilkenny , in arms under Owen O'Neill ( a very superior man to _Pheldi the p itiless ) , and became one of the most celebrated of the _L-ish leaders .
We are sorry to detect a seeming departure from Mr . Wright ' s usual impartiality and liberal sentiments , where speaking of the negotiations carried on in Oxford between Cilvrles and the Irish insurgents , the historian observes : — "These _diminished proposals breathed the arrogant spirit of a victorious faction ; although some of them were just and reasonable , others could not possibly be conceded . '' Now , in our opinion , all the proposals on the part ofthe Irish , were just aud reasonable , and ought all _toltave been conceded .
For what were their demands ? They required the repeal of all penal statutes ; a free parliament , and the suspension of Poyxesg ' s law daring its session ; the annulling of all acts and ordinances of the Irish ( Protestant ) Parliament since its prorogation on the / th of _Angast , 1 G 41 ; that all indictments , attainders , and outlawries in prejudice of Irish Catholics , since that day , should be vacated , with a release of debts , and a general act of oblivion ; that all offices formed for the king ' s title to lands since the year 1031 shonld be
annulled , and that an act of limitation should he passed for the security of estates ; that an _inu of court , and seminaries of education should be established in Ireland for the benefit of the Catholics ; that all natives of Ireland , without exception , should be capable of being appointed to places of trust and honour ; while none hut such as had estates , and were resident in Ireland , should he allowed to sit and rote in the Irish Parliament ; that the Parliament of Ireland should he formally declared independent of tbat of Eng land ; tuat tlie _inrisdictlon of the Irish Privy Council should he limited to matters of state ; that no chief
_g overnor should be continued more than three years , and that he should not he allowed , during his government , to purchase any lands in la-eland , except from the king . _bow , consideo ' no- the lime and ciremmstances , it appears to ns that these demands were just , and Sy no means breathed an " arrogant' or _^ _SSS _* *** " _-ords of roval perfidy and barbarous party warfaie , we ' rill briefly notice the curious account of Irelaud left by a French traveller , on _BoULLAi B le Gouz , whose narrative is abridged m the _Work under notice . He visited Ireland m the summer of 10 U . It will he seen by the following extract that the Frenchman was a nrm believer in the old legend , that no venomous minrals could live in the island .
ST . rATRICK _iras the apostle of this island , who , _according to S _? i . _XiJ blessed the land , and gave his _maledicttn to _allvenomous things ; andit cannot bedenied $ 5 the earth and the ° tiniber of Ireland , being
The History Of Ireland. By T. Weight,Esq...
made of Irish wood ; and in all Ireland there is not to be found a serpent nor a toad . The following is his account of the then IRISH VIET , The Irish gentlemen eat a great deal of meat and butter , and but little bread . They drink milk and bread baked in the English manner . The poor grind barley and peas between two stones [ quernes ] and make it mto bread , which they cook upon a « maU IX _^ _t'Sft ° "La * _ripod I ttcyputinto it some oats , and this bread , which in the form of cakes they call _haroon , they eat with great draughts of _SKL _^ _^^ _erygood _, and tie _emde-me , which they call _brandywrne , excellent ; the butter , the beef , and the mutton , are better than in ijngland .
The traveller next describes the miserable hovels inhabited by the peasantry ; the following is his account of the
CASILES OF THE IRISH XOBIUTY IS 1641 . The castles , or houses , of the nobility , consist of four walls extremely high , thatched with straw ; out , to tell the truth , they are nothing but square towers without windows , or , at least , having such small apertures , as to give no more light than thero is in a prison . They have little furniture , and cover their rooms with rushes , of which they make their beds in summer , and of straw in winter . They put the rushes a foot deep on their floors , and on their windows , and many of them ornament the ceilings with branches .
The traveller next tells of the fondness of the Irish for music , particularly the harp . " They march to battle with the bagpipes ;" and he significantly adds , " They are better soldiers abroad than at home . " The trade of Ireland at that time consisted of sahaon } herrings , and " strong frieze cloth . " Wine and salt were the principal importations . Le Gouz describes the Irish as hospitable to strangers , observing that "it costs little to travel amongst them . "
We presume that Mr . Wright ' s ablywritten work is now fully half completed We shall look forward with much interest to the succeeding parts of this History of Ireland .
Sunshine And Shadow; A Tale Op The Ninet...
SUNSHINE AND SHADOW ; A TALE OP THE NINETEENTH CENTURY . BT THOMAS _JiiRTIS _WHEELKR , Late Secretary to th « National Charter Association and _National Land Company . CnAprm XXX . Dost know what hunger is ? not appetite , The rich man ' s blessing , but the poor man ' s curse . Anon . He also is a prey to cafe , To him 'tis said , " starve thou or borrow j " Grey grows betimes his raven hair .
And to the grave pursues him sorrow ! With hard compulsion and with need , He , like the rest , must strive untiring , And his young children ' s cry for bread , _Jdaims his free spirit ' s glad aspiring ! Ah ! such a one to me was known ! "With heavenward aim his course ascended Yet deep in dust and darkness prone , Care , sordid care , his life attended : An exile , and with bleeding breast , no groaned in his severest trial ; Want goaded him to long unrest , And scourged to bitterest self-denial .
At length his spirit was subdued ! The power to combat and endeavour Was gone , and his heroic mood Came only fitfully , like fever ! The muses kiss sometimes at _night Would set his pulses wildly beating ; And his soul soared towards the light , When night from morning was retreating ! Ferdinand Freiligrath . The spring of 1 S 4 G saw Arthur Morton and his wife au inmate of the same abode , but a look of dulness seemed to hang about the cottage , —tho _tui'f no longer looked the pattern of neatness , —the gera niums were withering and dying away , —misfortune had laid its heavy hand on the inmates of this once
happy home—for months past Arthur had been out of employment , —his lato master had failed , the business was disposed of , and Arthur had been unable to Erocurc another situation . Day by day had their tfcle savings melted away ; week by week some prized ornament , or some article of clothing disappeared ; still they did not despond , —hope , that false nattering spirit , still cheered them on , and listening to her specious talcs , they still lingered at the home endeared to them by so many touching associations ; a gleam of their former enjoyments—a scintillation of the past still remained with them , and under its influence they still continued their studies . Still did Arthur compose tales of love and romance , and still might Mary ' s voice he occasionally heard
singing the songs of " Auld lang syne ; ' but when month followed month and no change of prospect appeared in view—when the struggle to maintain their respectability merged into the struggle for mere bread—tlien they left their pleasant cottage , which seemed like biddin < r adieu to hope , and took a room in a dull street in Chelsea ; here , lost to their friends , and sheltering themselves from every prying gaze , they managed to live for some weeks upon the sale of the remnant of their goods ; when this was exhausted , then came the hour of trial . Hitherto Arthur had fought manfully against his adversities ; failing to procure employment at his own trade , he had endeavoured to procure it in any of tbe multifarious branches with which commerce
in London abounds , but fate seemed to delight in frustrating his hopes . Often had their morning ' s scanty meal been cheered by the fair prospect of at least a certainty of its renewal , but the evening saw them again downcast and desolate , —the hope had passed away , —some fatality had befallen , and the weary search for labour had again to be renewed . Mary supported these disasters with greater fortitude than falls to the lot of many inured to poverty in her early years , —thrifty in her domestic arrangements , she made their scanty stock of money seem almost inexhaustible , but sickness seized bn the children , and the doctor ' s bill made sad inroads on their little stock ; when this was all spent she narred without a murmur with all the little
kcensakes and ornaments that a husband ' s fondness had in happier days bestowed upon her . Arthur ' s own clothes were the last things that were sacrificed , — the appearance of respectability was kept up even while hunger was ravaging the inner man . It were a painful task to trace them in their downward flight into the deep recesses ofthe dismal haunts of poverty , —the change from abode to abode , each one more dreary and comfortless than the last , — the days , the weeks , that were almost passed without food , how passed , unknown almost to themselves , —tbe hours that were spent in vainly endeavouring to sleep away the sharp pan _^ s of hunger , — the craving for bread , a luxury denied them , oatmeal being their onlv food , their stomachs often
rebelling against its reception , and the nausea of sickness , added to the pains of exhaustion . Mary , hy unremitting exertion at her needle from morning ' s dawn till the midnight hour , could not earn _siifficiont of even this coarse food to supply the wants of her husband and the children , who clung in their very helplessness to the hearts that cherished them , and repined not until the heavy hour when the little that sufficed to sustain them could no longer be supplied , then burst the hopeless sob from the mother ' s bosom , —then rebelled tho proud spirit of the father , —his manner changed , — be became morose and taciturn , —temptation , like a thing of sin and death , came creeping round his heart , and Mary saw with sorrow that he was no
lon _ger the perfect being her young heart had worshipped . Occasionally she procured a day's washing , or some other domestic employment , from some of her _neighbours almost as poor as himself , for the poor are always kind to each other ; this was indeed a _"odsend , and in the evening , her frugal meals , almost untasted during the day , were shared with her family . On these occasions Arthur had to remain at home to attend to the children , who were vet too young to comprehend in its full extent the misery in which they were involved ; never till gazim ; ou _tnese children , ekul in the vestments of poverty , askiiur , but in vain , for the little enjoyments they had been used , —never , until then , did he _rcrct that he had listened to tbe dictates of
love , and made Mary his bride . Had he been alone in the world he could have battled with poverty , or if the _struck became too painful he could easily bave _withdrawn from the conflict , but his wife and children now bound him to life , he had their lives and welfare to protect , with the maddening _knowledge that he was unable to perform it , —that he _wala dra" upon his wife ' s energies , a recipient of tho infinitessimal sum that is doled out to the poor semntress , and to reflect upon it was to endanger the sanity of his intellect . Misery had set her mark upon him , —the terrible struggles of his mind were visible in his features , —his former _H-nnainfeincc would not have recognised him , in the
emaciated and haggard-eyed shadow that might occasionally be seen wandering through the streets ofthe metropolis , seeking bread but finding none ; evidorin _* , with ardent gaze , the very pavement ot the streets in the vain hope of finding something tKould procure a meal ' s victuals . How bitterly tlie extreme of want is felt when snrrounued by opulence and p lcnty ,-how hideously grand seemed tho splendid domain of Belgravia to the hunger-S ained artisan as he passed its splendid mansions , _Sidin-his wav into the heart ofthe metropolis . With whata sp irit © f mockery the bakers , provision , and cook shops , . crowded on his _^ seemmgto taunt him with his inability to purchase foodI for his famishing family at home ; how he envied the con-
Sunshine And Shadow; A Tale Op The Ninet...
dition of all he met , —all seemed prosperous , —all intent on business or pleasure , —he alone was a wretched outcast , —the thought drove him to madness , and he would rush madly homewards , fearful of being tempted to some act of desperation . At length his misery reached its climax ; Mary sunk beneath her exertions , and was unable to leave her bed ; Arthur , their eldest born , —the child of its father ' s hopes , —sunk suddenly into the grave . Arthur , overcome by this fresh calamity—stupified by sorrow , —know not what to do ; he applied to doctor after doctor , none would attend him at his miserable abode , but referred him to the parish surgeon , and his child died in the interim . It was the first time Arthur had recourse to parochial aid , but his spirit was too far broke , and the necessity was too urgent to admit of further delay , and under the doctor s care—a rough but benevolent man—Mary soon recovered , for it was want of food more than 1 disease that had laid her on a bed of sickness .
Of the thousands that annually fall beneath tho dire disease of hunger , —yes , let it be rung in the ears of all who will listen , that the victims to hunger are neither few nor far between , —though no record of their fate be given in the bills of mortality ; though no inquest he held upon their murdered remains , —murdered by tho vile ordinances of society , —yet have they , nevertheless , died of hunger . Shame to the country that allows it , — shame to the men who permit themselves to fall its victims . Is it not a wonder that the fair davlieht
structure of society reposes so tranquilly , girt round , as it is , with this abyss of dark and unutterable suffering ; surrounded , as it is , with the elements of all tbat is rash and discordant , —all that is vile and loathsome . Can we wonder that from this ocean of misery and despair by which society is encircled , terrific waves should at times surge up , wrecking and stranding human souls , and laying bare tbe rocks and shoals of our false , though gilded civilisation ; not until this occurs does society take cognisance of these wretched outcasts , and then only to cast them off from her bosom for ever .
Fortunate is it for our conventional system , but unfortunate for outraged humanity , that extreme misery begets apathetic dullness , —that the body being unhealthy and debased , the soul ofthe victim becomes stupified , —the type of humanity is lost , and a dull state of animalism supplies its place , were it not so the violent and reckless deeds which sometimes shock society would be repeated ad infinitum , until their reverberation electrified the social fabric into a state of convalescence . The economist may tell us that these extremes ot misery need not occur ; that parochial relief may be had by all who apply for it ; true , —but coupled with such conditions—surrounded by such limitations , and environed by such indignities , that the sensitive and the
high-minded sink into the sleep of death , or rush headlong into futurity , rather than encounter the difficulties of procuring this provision , guaranteed by English law , but despoiled of its beneficial tendencies by the irresponsible decision of an atbitvaty power , new to the annals of British jurisprudence . There are other reasons why mon shrink from applying to the workhouse for relief . In the words of the poet Thorn , they know that if once they fall into the abyss of pauperism " they never hold up their heads in the world again ; " they are degraded amongst those who are almost as deeply stricken by poverty as themselves : their names are erased from
the books of men ; they beome bound hand and foot to their degraded situation ; and the few remaining links between them and their fellow-men are severed at a blow . Few , very few , are the cases on record , where men once accepting the enforced charity of their fellow-creatures , —once becoming inmates of a Poor-Law Bastile , —ever return for any lengthened period to honest labour ; they have sunk in their own esteem , —they have fallen in the estimation of others , —the brand is upon them , and they can never again rise in the social scale This should not be : but though writing fiction we deal with facts , —we speak from experience , and know that it is too true . I To U continued . )
Importanf Improvement Upon The Jacqtja11...
IMPORTANf IMPROVEMENT UPON THE JACQTJA 11 D MACHINE . ( From the Manchester Examiner . ) Our attention has recently been called to an article iu the _Jibm ' _tcur Industrie ! , descriptive of a new machine , the invention of M . Acklin , of Paris , which , from what we have been able to ascertain , is calculated to become of considerable importance in Jacquard weaving . The machine , which was exhibited in the recent exposition at Paris , is designated 'The Monoclave Organ . " It is played with one single key , the mechanism of which is applicable to the substitution of paper , instead of the card usually employed in the Jacquard machine . It may be used for engraving musical typography , and also for transferring , in a most interesting and surprising manner , music into design . * * * * It is more especially as effecting a revolution in the working of the Jacquard frames that the monoclave
organ of M . Acklin should be considered . Up to the present time , in the manufacture of brocaded and figured tissues , perforated cards have been used , through which the needles pass , causing the threads to rise and fall according to the holes in the cards , tints reproducing upon the tissue in the loom the pattern which is perforated on tbe card . This mode of fabrication is troublesome as well as costly , as it necessitates , even for the smallest pattern , the use of an enormous quantity of cards of high prices , and inconvenient on account of their bulk . By the present invention , the cards are entirely superseded , and the thinnest paper _ii used in their stead—so much so , that out of the 3 , 600 metres used in tlie manufacture of 1 , 000 cards , 3 , 595 metres are saved by M . Acklin ' s invention . It will at once be seen that
this invention opens a source of economy of which the bearing is incalculable . One great advantage of the machine is the ease with whjch it can be adopted to the old Jacquard frames , without causing any delay or stoppage of the works . Tlie old cylinders may be taken off , and those of the new apparatus substituted in a few hours , without altering the loom , and with such ease and exactness that , even although some work is in nrogress with the old machine , it may be taken up and completed by that of M . Acklin , if the holes have been previously perforated on the paper . We may here state that the perforating can be done by hand upon the apparatus without requiring the usual system of " reading ;" but for this purpose M . Acklin has invented another
machine , by which readiui and perforating is carried on . The reading is conducted by this machine in the usual manner , but as the paper can follow on the line continuously , tbe perforation proceeds much more rapidly than with the cards . Thirty thousand perforations ( majchures ) may be made in the day , instead of 1 , 500 which were made by the old machine ( called rollers ) , or 3 or 4 , 000 made by those called acceleres . There are also _otlwr advantages than those which we have mentioned . For instauce , the holes of the old cards would not permit of the passage of more than seven needles ; whereas by this system a hole in the paper ot one millimetre diameter , will allow nine needles , and one of double that size , sixteen needles to pass . Tin ' s , it will be seen , is
calculated to give a greater security in the manufacture , more exactness in the work , and more finish and beauty ia the tissue . Besides , the machine is so easily worked , that the labour of the workman is considerably diminished . Its play is so easy and gentle , that a paper . of 480 marchnres , with which M . Acklin has constantly experimented for fifteen months , scarcely shows the point of contact of the needles . The combination ofthe machine is altogether so clever , and its construction so solid and perfect , that it is almost impossible , even intentionally , t' _» derange it . By the invention of this machine , M . Acklin has effected the solution of a problem , before which many men of mechanical genius hus
failed . The impulse has been given . In addition to the French manufacturers , many from _Prussia and Austria , who have visited the exhibitions , have eagerly investigated the Acklin machine , and wo are assured that tbe ingenious inventor is daily receiving new orders . England is already in possession of the new invention . M . Kurtz , a most honorable and _intelligent Manchester manufacturer , well known both in France and in Englaud by his industrial labours , having seen M . Acklin ' s machine in Paris , and being convinced of its importance , was desirous of introducing to England an invention which was likely to open a new era in the manufacture of ornamental tissues .
We have had an opportunity of seeing the machine , and conjointly with more practical men who have inspected it , were much pleased with its simplicity and evident utility . We were assured by Mr . Webb and Mr . Wilson , the gentlemen who are superintending the erection of the machine at Ordsal House , that eighteen inches of paper are made by this invention to answer the purpose of 100 card boards . An important saving is thus effected , not so much , perhaps , to tho English as to the French manufacturers ( for on the continent there is a considerable duty on the importation of cardboard ) , yet sufficient to lead
manufacturers to interest themselves in the new invention . And when wc consider that there aro upwards of 60 , 000 _Jacquavd looms at work in this town and neighbourhood , the importance of any invention which is calculated to effect a saving , however small , in tlie process of manufacture , is greatly inhanced . It is proposed that this apparatus should receive the name of the " Acklin machine , after its ingenious inventor . We understand that in the course of a few davs the machine at Ordsal House will be fairly at wbrk , and that then the attention of tho manufacturers of the _neijibourhood will he invited to it .
Ecclesiastical Appoixtmexts.—We (The Chr...
_Ecclesiastical Appoixtmexts . —We ( the Chronicle ) understand that Dr . Tait , head-master of Rugby School , is to be appointed to the Deanery of Carlisle . We hear , also , that Lord Auckland , the present Bishop of Soder and Man , is to be translated to the vacant see of Llandaff .
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Tnk Pneseni Axd In* Fotdbe.—I Confess I ...
TnK _PnESENi axd in * Fotdbe . —I confess I am not charmed with the ideal of life held out by those who think that the normal state of human beings is that of struggling to get on ; that the trampling , crushing , elbowing and treading on each other s heels , which form the existing type of social life , are the most desirable of humau kind , or any thing but the disagreeable symptoms of one of the phases of industrial progress _^ * * * Hitherto it is questionable if all the mechanical inventions yet made have lightened the day's toil of any human being . They have enabled a greater population to live the same life of drudgery and imprisonment , and an increased number of manufacturers and others to make large fortunes . They have increased the comforts of the middle classes , but they have not vet bosrun to effect those great
changes m human destiny which it is in their nature , and in their future , to accomplish * when tho conquests made from the powers of naturetb y the intellect and energy of scientific discoveries become the common property of the species , and the means of improving the universal \ 9 i .-Johi Mill . l A Reputed old witch died recently at Fife , after having enjoyed the perquisite of a fish from every fisherman who desired good fortune ; and on searching her dwelling , 2 , 000 sixpences , 1 , 020 shillings , nine sovereigns , £ 7 in bank notes , and £ 40 in addition wore concealed in bags . " A _Pnucocious youngster being asked how many genders there are , replied , " Three , sir—the maculine , the feminine , and the neutral . " " Wolf , done , my son , now define them . " The masculine 1 S . me , ' , tne _fcnunme is woman , and the neutral is the old bachelors . "
The _Oshgis op Bills or ExcHAXOB , —It is to the Jews that we owe the invention of tho bills of exchange . Often obliged to leave a country at the shortest notice , condemned by the most ferocious intolerance to a wandering life , they had invented tha t easy mode of carrying about their riches—as on their expulsion from Portugal . The invention of the bill of exchange has been fixed by somo historians at that period , that is , about the beginning of tho sixteenth century ;
but there existed in Venice , in 1272 , a social law upon that sort of contract . From the laborious re-Searches of Messrs . Blanqui and Jfougouier , it would appear that the exact date of this Jewish invention must re-ascend as far as their expulsion from France by Philippe Augustus , in 1181 . Montesquieu says himself— " They had from time immemorial in their jurisprudence , models of letters of purchase , letters of donation , letters of exchange ; these were not unlike our bills of exchange , —Louis Blanc .
TnE CROwxofSt . Stephen and royal insignia of Hungary , havo been convened , it is said , from Widdin to England . Rise or the Independents . —And now a new and alarming class of symptoms began to appear in the distempered body politic . There had been , from tho first , in the parliamentary party , some mon whose minds were set on objects from which the majority of that party would have shrunk with horror . These men were in religion independents . They had conceived that every Christian congregation had , under Christ , supreme jurisdiction in things spiritual ; that appeals to provincial and national synods wero scarcely less than appeals to the Court of Arches , or to the Vatican : and that
Popery , Prelacy , and Presbytenanism were merely three forms of one great apostacy . In politics , the Independents were , to use the phrase of their time , root-and-branch men , or , to use the kindred phrase of our own time , Radicals . Is ot content with limiting the power ofthe monarch , they were desirous to erect a commonwealth on the ruins ofthe old English polity . At first they had been inconsiderable both in numbers and in weight ; but before tie war had lasted two years they became , not indeed the largest , but tho most powerful faction in the country . Some of the old parliamentary leaders had been removed by death , and others
had forfeited the public confidence . Pynvhad been borne , with princely honours , to a gravo amongst the Plantagenets . Ilampden had fallen as became him , while vainly endeavouring , by his heroic example , to inspire his followers with courage to face tho fiery cavalry of Rupert . Bedford had been untrue to the cause . Northumberland was known to be lukewarm . Essex and his lieutenants had shown little vigour and ability in the conduct of military operations . At such a conjuncture it was that the independent party , ardent , resolute , and uncompromising , began to raise its head , both in the camp and in the House of _Couimons . _—ilacaulay ' s History of England .
In Frost of a house in Briggatc , Glasgow , may may be seen the following erudite inscription on a sign-board : — ¦ ' Thomas Black , Chimney-Sweeper , does Live hear , sweeps yoro ventes and Not to Dere . If yore Houses Taks on fire , he'll put it out At yore dosyre . soot Merchant in This Close . " The _Duones and the Bees . " now various and innumerable Arc those who live upon tho rabble . 'Tis they maintain the Church and State , Employ the priest and magistrate , Bear all tho charge of government , And pay the public fines and rent ; Defray all taxes and excises , And imposition of all prices , Bear all tho expense of peace and war , And pay the pulpit and the bar ; Maintain all churches and reli gions , And give their pastors exhibitions . " Hudibras .
_Gueat Houses do not always contain great folks ; finis coats do not always cover fine gentlemen . A blackguard is a blackguard still , whether ho lives iu a splendid mansion or in a miserable hovel . Her Majesty ' s late visit to Glasgow cost the loyal citizens upwards of £ 1 , 300 . TnE Revenue of the railways ofthe United Kingdom amounts to no less than £ 12 , 009 , 000 annually . One hundred and twelve young females from various workhouses embarked from Belfast last week en route as emigrants to Sydney .
The Liverpool Times states that for some time tlie average wages of the Liverpool shipwrights have not exceeded 5 s . per week . Lady _Blessingtos and the Basket-maker . —Ou more occasions than one Lady Blessington showed herself the friend of obscure but deserving genius . Of this her notice of Thomas Miller , the basketmaker , author of " Royston Gowor , " affords are-VAarkabie instance . As soon as he became known by his writings , Lady Blessington sent for him , recommended liis book , and did him substantial service . " Often , " Miller himself says , "havo I been sitting in Lady Blcssington ' s splendid drawing-room in the morning , talking and laughing as familiar as in the old house at home ; and in the same evening
I might have been seen standing on 'Westminsterbridge , between an apple-vendor and a baked potato merchant , vending my baskets . "— Tait ' s Magazine . A _Prmjticat . Man . —Tho Arbroath Guide mentions a remark made by a sage provost in tho west of _Scotland , which may supply by a hint to many of our dilly-dally corporate bodies . A tenant on the burgh properly complained that his premises wero over run with rats , and requested that tlie building should : be inspected . "Inspected ! " said tho provost , " stuff ! let twacats boordoredon the premises : I warrant them they'll soon clear it . " The man , and the sham prince , peer , or priest , are two distinct things . Mun is as nature produced him ; tho crown and sceptre , the robe , the court , the mitre , is the prince , the peer , or priest .
Cokasset Girls . —The Philadelphia Times says that thegirls at Cohasset , makes nothing of going into the water and bringing out a shark or mackeral hy the nose , and opens quadogs with a pinch of their fingers . They live chiefly on sea fare , so that when kissed they taste salty , and when they die are preserved halfa century . Their hair in old ago turns into dry sea weed . If they have worn caps in their old age , the cap is stiff and _glittering with chrystaiisation of salt ; and if you fall in love with them in their youth , you find yourself in a pickle . Unequal Taxation . —Taxes paid by a workingman who expends 7 s . IU . in the following manner : 2 oz . of tea , 2 oz . of coffee , 8 oz . of sugar , 31 bs . Soz . of meat , 7 ibs . of Hour , 7 pts . of ale , ipt . of brandy , loz . tobacco . The cost ofthe preceding , if freed from tithe , corn , custom , and excise , would not exceed 2 s . 5 a . \—crgo , a tax of 5 s . 3 id . weakly on the poor consumers ' ! Taxes on land—In England , _mi
* i _,, uio ! Prussia , £ 3 , 099 , 500 ; Austria , £ 8 , 700 , 000 ; France , £ 23 , 180 , 700 . Taxes on the people-England , £ 23 , 186 , 700 ; Prussia , £ 3 , 701 , 500 ; Austria , £ 7 , 700 , 000 ; Franco , £ 17 ,-123 , 240 . Man c . WErn for his cattle , his horses , and his hounds ; but his fellow man is frequently destitute of a place where to lay his head , or a crust to satisfy the cravings of hunger . KlJiD _WonDs do not Cost Much . —They never blister the tongue and lips ; and we have never hoard of any mental trouble arising from this quarter _, though they do not cost much , yet they accomplish much . First , they help one ' s own good nature and good will . Soft words soften our own soul . Angry words arc fuel to the flame of wrath , and make it blaze more fiercely . Second , kind words make other people good-natured . Cold words freeze people , but hot words scorch chem , and sarcastic words irritate them , and bitter words make them bitter , and wrathful words make thorn wrathful .
An Opi ate . —A sick man who h ad not slept for many nights , was asked if ho did not wish to have a clergyman attend him , and whether he wished any particular one . He replied , " Yes , send Mr . D . " He came . The sick man requested a sermon . Mr . D— . started with surprise , and desired to know the reason why . The sick invalid answered , " I never heard you _prcachjjut three or four times , and then invariably I fell asleep ; so I thought that a short discourse might enable me to take a hap—which I much need not having slept for several nights . " Dr . Johnson _Pourtbated , — Johnson is better known to us than any other man in history , _Every-
Tnk Pneseni Axd In* Fotdbe.—I Confess I ...
thing about him—his coat , his wig , his figure , his face , his scrofula , his St . Vitus' dance , his rolling walk , his blinking eye—the outward signs which too clearly marked his approbation of his dinnerhis _unsalable appetite for fish sauce and veal pie , with plums—his inextinguishable thirst for team ' s trick of touching tho posts as he walked—his mysterious practice of treasuring up orange peelhis morning slumborg—his midnight disputationshis muttcrings — his gruntings — his puffings — his vigorous , acute and sarcastic eloquence—his vehemence—his insolence—his fits of tempestuous rago , are all familiar to us . _—Macaxday .
The Poruialt Remedy. Parr's Life Pills.
THE POrUIAlt REMEDY . PARR'S LIFE PILLS .
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Parr _introduced to King Charles I—( See "Life and Times of Thomas Parr , " which may be had gratis of all Agents . ) Tub Bump To a person who has at aU studied the organtiiition of the human system , tlie circulation of the blood will necessarily appear one of its most interesting and essential principle * . When we reflect , for an illStant , in tho astonishing manner In which this crimson current Bhoots from the main sprin- ofthe heart ; when we _tonnidor it coursing rapidly through its various channels , and branching out into a thousand different directions and complicated windings , for the nourishment of the frame ; we cannot avoid being _moTodhy an involuntary thrill of asto . nishment : — "And we exclaim , while we survey the plan , — How wonderful this principle in man !"
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If _ITasEIND are liable to one disease more than another , or if there are any particular affections of the human bod ] we require to have a Knowledge of _OVt'l' ttlC _l'CSt , it IS _CWi talnly that class of disordors treated of in the new and ira _« proved edition of the "Silent Friend . " The authors , in thus sending forth to the world another edition of thei ) medical work , cannot refrain from expressing their gratification at the continual success attending their efforts , which , combined with the assistance of medicines , exclusively of their own preparation , have been the happy causa of mitigating and averting the mental and physical miseries attendant on those peculiar disorders ; thus proving the _fiict ,
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Part the Third Contains an accurate description ofthe diseases c _.-iused by infection , aud by the abuse of mercury ; primary : md secondary symptoms , eruptions of the skin , soro throat , inflammation of the eyes , diseane of the bones , goitjirhaja , gleet , stricture , < fcc , are shown to depend on this cause , Their treatment is fully described in this section . The _efc fects of neglect , either iu the recognition of _dtef-xje or ir » the treatment , aro shown to he the prevalence of the TirU 8 in the system , which sooner- or later vm show _itsi-h' in one oftho forms already mentioned , and entail disease in its most frightful shape , not only on the individual _himself , but also on tha offspring . Advice for the treatment v > f all theae diseases and their _consequences is tendered in this sections which , if duly followed up , cannot fail in clVectii _^ - : \ cure This part i 3 illustrated by seventeen coloured engraving * . Part the Fourth a
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TRY ERE YOU DESPAIR . HOLLO WAY'S PILLS . CURE OF ASTHMA . Extract of a Letter from Mr . Benjamin Mackie . a respectable _QwftUev , dated Creenagh , near Loughall , Iceland , dated September 11 th , 1818 . Respected Friend , — Thy excellent Pills hare _cffretuaHy cured me of an asthma , which afflicted me for tlirc « years to such an extent that I was obliged to walk my room at night tor air , afraid of being suffocated if I went V bed by cough and phlegm , Besides taking the Pills , _i nibbed plenty of thy Ointmenti nto my chest night and moniin _" . — ( Signed ) Benjamin Mackie . —To Professor Hollowav . CUIiE OF TrPIIUS FEVER WIIEN SUPPOSED TO BE
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AN EFFECTUAL CURE FOR PILES-, FISTULAS , * o . _ABERNETHY'S PILE OINTMENT . What a painful and noxious disease is the Piles ! and , comparatively , how few ofthe afflicted have been perm _. uiently cured by ordinary appeals to medical skill ! This , no doubt , arises from the use of powerful aperients too _frequently administered by the profession ; indeed , strong internal medicines should always be avoided in all cases _nftliis complaint . The proprietor of the above Ointment , after years of acuti' _sullbring , placed himself under the treatment of that eminent surgeon , Mr . Abernethy ; was by him restored to perfect health , and _^ has enjoyed it enr since without the slightest return of the disorder , over a period of fifteen years , during which time the same Aheruetliinn prescription has been the means of healing a vast number of desperate eases , both in and out of the iirourietor _' s circi * of friends , most of which eases had been under _meditut envc , anv \ some _oftUem _fera very considerable time , Aber nethy ' s Tile Ointment was introduced to the public by the _dCSil'O of IlUUl . V who had been perfectl _y healed by its a _pplies tion , and since its introduction , the fame of this Ointment has spread far aud wide ; even the medical profession , always slow and unwilling to acknowledge the virtues of any medicine not prepared by themselves , do now freely and frankly admit that Aucrnethy's Pile Ointment is not only a valuable preparation , but a never failing remedy in every st ;!<; u an / variety of that appalling malady . Sufferers from the Piles wDl not repent giving the Ointment a trial . Multitudes of cases of its efficacy might be pr « duccd , if the nature of the complaint did not render those who have been cured , unwilling to publish their nmnes . Sold in covered Pots at is . Gd ., or the quantity of three Is . ( id . pots in one for lis ., with full directions for use , ov liarclay and Sons , Fnrringdon-street ; Edwards , St . Paul ' s Church-yard ; _liutlcr , 4 , Cheapsiue ; Newbery , St . Paul ' s ; -fMan , Bow Church-yard ; Johnson , C 8 , Comliill ; Sanger , 150 , _Oxford-street ; _lriUougliby and Co ., _fil , _L'ishopsgate-stiwi With _, out ; Owen , 52 , Marclnnont-street , liurton-eresent ; Eade , 3 D , Goswoll-strect ; Prout , 22 !) , Strand ; Hannay and Co ,, ( ft Oxford-street ; Prentis , Si , _Edgeivare-road ; and retail by all respectable Chemists aud Medicine Vendors in London . V 15 c sure to ask for " _AHEitNBTlivs 1 _'ILB OUfTiiE . vr . " Tlie Public are requested to he on their guard ti -ainst noxious _Comitositions , sold at low Prices , and to observe that none can possibly be genuine , unless the name off . klvc if printed on the Government Stamp affixed to each pot , 4 s . Cd . ; which is the lowest pike the propvwtov le onai , u . . d -o stl it at , owing to tli 9 great expense ofthe Ingredients .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 27, 1849, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_27101849/page/3/
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