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TRIAL FOR MURDER IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA. [Fr...
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Law 61dierawhowiirbe Ready * 'Theyhave S...
s ' . THE . NORI _**^^ _^ _*/*** _______________>_ -- _—_______ . December 27 , 1845 , " . _ __¦ : m _~ m _^—^ M _^^ a _^ _RJf _^ _^ _^ _^ _* _^ X—m _^* * mmMlmmmaa ' : _.. — ¦¦ — " - - ¦ l- I
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_^ ¦ - _——• _CNn Ep " _STATBST , """ . "~ " ~ THE PRESIDENT S MESSAGE . _LivEHPOOt , M « wt . _Drc . 23 , lS 45 .-Thc Sea , Captain Freeman , arrived here this afternoon , _wUii *** the above important document . She sailed on tae _' _sth _fro-u Sandy Hook , but brings nothing later than the 3 rd from New York . The _Messa'c was delivered on the 2 nd instant . THE MESSAGE . _Fellow-cozens of thc Senate , and House of _Re-„ , « ,- » ntati \ 'e 3 _—It is a source oi unaffected satisfacto _iScTthe representatives of the States and
_^ the neoplc ' in _Cmgrcss assembled , as it will be to _receive the aid of their _combined wisdom in the administration of public affairs . In performing , for the first time , the duty imposed on me by the constitu tion of giving to yon information of the state of the Union , and recommending to you such mcasurcsas in mv _judgment are _necessary and expedient , I am lappv that I can congratulate you on thc continued _prosperity of our country . Under the blessings of Pivine Providence and the benign influence of our free institutions , it stands _hafove the world a spectacle of national _happines .
In _calHnj _; the attention of Congress to our relations with fonngn powers , I am gratiSed to be able to state that , _thouah with some of _tbeni there have cxistedsince your last session serious causes ot irritation aud misunderstanding , yet no actual hostilities have taken place . Adopting the maxim in the _conduct of our foreuin affairs to " ask nothing that is not right , and to submit to nothing that is ¦ wrong , " it has been my anxious desire to preserve peace with all nations : but , at thc same time , to be prepared to resist aggression , and to maintain oil our just right ? .
MEXICO AXD TEXAS . After the above preliminary remarks "Mexico and Texas" form the first subject of President Polk ' s "" Message . " He recapitulates the history of . the annexation of Texas , and recommends to Congress to take immediate measures to render the " annexation" perfect : — Questions deeply interesting to Texas , in common ¦ with the other states ; the extension of our revenue laws and judicial systt _* m over her people nnd territory , as well as measures of a local character , will claim the early attention of Congress , and therefore , upon every principle of republican government , she
ought to be represented in that body without unnecessary deiay . I cannot too earnestly recommend prompt action on this important object . As soon as the act to admit Texas as a state shall be passed , the union ofthe two republics will be consummated by their own voluntary consent . This accession to our territory has been a blood : es 3 achievement . No arm of force * has been raised to produce thc result . The sword has had uo part in the victory . We have not sought to extCEd oar territorial possessions by conquest , or cur republican institutions over a reluctant people . It was tiie delibur-ito homage of each people to the great principle of our federative union .
The President denounces the interference of the European Governments in the Texan question , on which subject he read's a smart lecture to our French neighbours : — The jurisdiction of the United _States , which at the formation ofthe _fedcralconstitutioa was bounded Ly the St . Mary ' s on the Atlantic , has passed the canes of Florida , and been peacefully extended to the Del None . In _conieiEplatsng the grandeur of this event , it is not to be _forgotten that tlie result was -achieved in despite nf the diplomatic interference of Europeau monarchies . Even France—the country -which had been our ancient ally—the country which lias a common interest with us in maintaining the freedom ofthe seas—the country which , by the cession of Louisiana , _first opened to us access to the < _ 5 ulf of Mexico—the country with which we have
oeen every year drawing more and more closely the bonds of successful commerce—most unexpectedly , and to our unfeigned regret , took part in an effort to prevent annexation , and to impose on Texas , as a condition of ihe recognition of her independence by Mexico , that she would never join herself to the "United States . _^ We may rejoice that thc tranquil and pervading influence of the American principle of " self-government was sufficient to defeat thc purposes of British and French interference , and tliat the almost unanimous voice ofthe people of Texa 3 haspven to that interference a peaceful and effective Teuuke . From this example European governments may leara how vain diplomotic arts aud intrigues must ever prove , upon this continent , against that system of self-government which seems natural to oar soil , and which wiil ever resist foreign interference .
The _Prasi-leafc then rallies the _differences which have arisen between the United States and Mexican governments , arising out ofthe annexation of Texas _, lie " annexes" thereto an account of the injuries inflicted by Mexico onthe United States : — Bat though Mexico cannot complain ofthe United Sl « . _'* s on account ofthe annexation of Texas , it is to be regretted that serious causes of misunderstanding between tne two countries continue to exist , crowing « at of _unredressed injuries infieted by the Mexican authorities and people on the persons and property of citizens of the United _Singes , t _irou _? . i a long series of years . Mexico has admitted these injuries , bat lias _neglected and refused to repair them . After very lengthily dwelling on the details of these "injuries , " this portion ofthe " Message "
concludes with an intimation that diplomatic relations have been recently renewed between the two _^ overnaienfe _, and a hope i 3 expressed that all poli _tical differences will now be amicably _adjusted , and that Mexico will fnlly atone for the " wrongs" and * " injuries" charged against her by the United States . We now eome to the most important portion of the * ' Message , " whieh we give full and entire : — .
THE OREGOX QUESTI 0 S . My attention was early directed tothe negotiation , ¦ which , on ths ith of March last , I found peuding at Washington between the United States and Great 2 irit- _ in , on the subject of the _Oregon territory . Three several attempts had been previously made to settle tne questions ia _dispute _between the two . -countries , by negotiation , upon the principle of compromise ; but each had proved unsuccessful . _Ta-2 s ? n _donations toik place at Londun , in the years ISIS , 1 _SM . and 1520 ; the two first under the administration of Mr . Monroe , and the last under that of Mr . Adams . The negotiation of ISIS having failed to accomplish its object , resulted in the con-¦ veation of thc 23 _diof October of that year . By the third ar-. Icle of that convention , it was " agreed ,
tisK auy country fiat may be claimed by cither inrty c : i the _m-rthwest coait of _Aincriea ,- westward ofthe Stony Mountain ? , shall , together with its _harbnurs , _U-iys , and _creaks , and the navigation of all rivers within the saint-, bs free and open for the term of ten rears fr _«> ra the date of the signature of the present convention , to the vessels , citiz-ns , and subjects ofthe two powers , it being well understood that this agreement is not . to be construed to the prejudice of any claim which either of the two high contracting parties may have to any part of tiic said country " ; nor shall it be taken io aSeet the _ehk-is of any other power or state to any part of the said country ; the only object of the high contracting parties in that respect . being , to prevent disputes and differences anions : _tlsesisslves . "
i he _intonation oi _182-i was productive of no re-£ v . ; t . a _* . d tiie convention of 1 SI 3 was left _unchanged . Ttie ne » M ..-. _iioa cf IS 23 , having also failed to effect an a- ! j : ; _stiiser . t by co _* . npi \ Kaise , resulted ia the convention of _August the fiili , 1 ? 27 , by which it was _agreed to continue In force for an indefinite period _lfe-c in * Ti < iiHss of the third ankle of the convention ef the 20 : h of October , ISIS ; and it was further provided , that " it shall ba competent , however , to cither of ihe contracting parties , in car-e cither should t ! iir . « v at , at any v . _me _ift- ; r _tueiOih-if October , 1 S _28 , oa javiiisr due notice of twelve months to the other _c . _iRtracting party , to annul and _abrogatethisconvsntlon ; and it shdl , in sueh case , be accordingly
en-Tirc . y annulled and _abrogated after tlie said term of imtltc . " In these attempt * to _adjustthecontroversv , the parallel _<> f the _fsriy-Kindi _decree of north latitude had _bi-ea offered by the United States to Great _Britain _, and ia those of ISIS and 1 S _26 , with a further _ifincessifin of the free navigation of the Columbia _rivor south of tiat latitude . The parallel of the _fftxy-nint . i _decree from ihe itockv . Mountains to its sntersection with the r . _arth-eastermost branch of the _Oidumbia , and thence down the channel of that river to the sea , liad been ofiered b y Great Britain , with j- n .-... < u . ; c _, a ot a smali detached territory north of _tz-i C " o * _« m ' .. ' _* a . Ea-li of these propositions had been _ivj . e ed t . y t i . e : « rtie _^ re ? pe :-tivelv .
la o ,-. _c-urr . _!•> _ :, » _, the _eiivoy-cxtraordinarv and pm-. MvT-pletKiK ! te- _ iti _ cT of the United States in _*?* - ™ _iiwr _* . M _ d to ni ! . fce a similar _offi > i * to z . _nttse made ia JSIS and 15 * 3 . Thm stood ' the _qcesboa _raoi the _negotiation w , _shortlv afterwards transferred to V . as ' _nnston : ana , on ihe " 3-d _* < _August , 1 * U , was .-3 r . _ 1 a . _ y opened , under the d - iviTiac o- 3 ; . y immediate predecessor . Like a" the f _.-sr . _sus _noirstiations it was based upon principles of _touiBromise ; nnd the _avowed purpose of thc ps «* U «_ was : o " treat ofthe res . « - ; ive eh _. ims of the lw «« iUiitries 1 . _1 tue Oregon _lemtorv , with the view to _« _t _* i « n _^ _a * r ..: _anent _boundary between litem _trest-« ar-. of ihelweKr . _wonntams to tlie IV _. cific Ocean " _" _Aecrdingiv _. on the 2 < _5 r * _i of Anstiit , loit the British £ 3 _vfc * paraJ _? - ! irih latltuJe . _ftwa th _' e nyep , anu _tlience « owa t-aat river to the sea - leavinp _* _u « _uuy t >*» tJjpaaiee-tueco ! _iur . _* y south of this line
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tohelongto the United States , and that north of it to Great Britain . At the same time , he proposed , in addition , to yield to the United States a detached territory , north ofthe Columbia , extending along the Pacific and the Straits of Fucha , from Bullfinch's UarboQr inclusive to Hood ' s Canal , and to make free to the United States any port or ports south of latitude forty-nine degrees which they might desire , either on the mainland or on Quadra and Vancouver ' s Island . With the exception of the free ports , this was the same offer which had been made by the British , and rejected by the American government in the negotiation of 1826 . This proposition was properly rejected hy the American plenipotentiary on the day it was submitted . This was the only proposition of compromise offered hy the British
plenipotentiary . The proposition on the part of Great Britain having been rejected , the British plenipotentiary requested that a proposal should be made by the United States for " an equitable adjustment of the question . " When I enme into office I found this to be the state of the negotiation . Though entertaining the settled conviction that the British pretensions of title could not be maintained to any portion of the Oregon territory upon any principle of public law recognised by nations , yet , in deference to what had been done by my predecessors , and especially in consideration that propositions of compromise had been thrice made by two preceding administrations , to adjust the question on the parallel of forty-nine degrees , and in two of them yielding to Great Britain the free navigation of the Columbia , and that the pending negotiation
had been commenced on the basis of compromise , I deemed it to be my duty not abruptly to break it off . In consideration , too , that under the conventions of 1 S 18 aud 1827 , the citizens and subjects of the two powers held a joint occupancy of the country , I was induced to make another effort to settle this longpending controversy in the spirit of moderation which had given birth to the renewed discussion . A proposition was , accordingly , made , which was rejected by the British plenipotentiary , who , without submitting any other proposition , suffered the negotiation on his part to drop , expressing his trust thatthe United States would offer what he saw fit to call "some further proposal for the settlement of the Oregon question more consistent with fairness aud equity , and with the reasonable expectations of
tbe British government . " The proposition thus offered and rejected repeated the offer of tbe parallel to forty-nine degrees of north _latitude , which had been made by two preceding _administrations , but without _proposing to surrender to Great Britain , as they had done , the free navigation of thc Columbia river . The right of any foreign power to the free navigation of any of our rivers , through the heart of our country , was one which I was unwilling to concede . It also embraced a provision to make free to Great Britain any port or ports on the Cape of Quadra and "Vancouver ' s Island , south of this parallel . Had this been a new question , coming under discussion for the first time , this proposition would not have been made . The extraordinary and wholly inadmissible demands of the British
government , and the rejection of the proposition made in deference alone to what had been done by ray predecessors and the implied obligation which their acts seemed to impose , afford satisfactory evidence that no compromise which the United States ought to accept can be effected . With this conviction , thc proposition of compromise which had been made and rejected , was , by my direction , subsequently withdrawn , and our title to the whole Oregon territory asserted , and , as is believed , maintained by irrefragable facts and arguments . The civilised world will see in these proceedings a spirit of liberal concession on the part of the United States ; and this government will be relieved from all responsibility which may follow the failure to settle the _controversy .
All attempts at compromise having failed , it hecomes the duty of Congress to consider what measures it may be proper to adopt for the security and protection of our citizens now inhabiting , or who may hereafter inhabit Oregon , and for the maintenance ot our just title to that territory . In adopting measures for this purpose care should be taken that nothing be done to violate the stipulations ofthe convention of 1827 , which is still in force . The faith of treaties in their letter and spirit has ever been , and I trust will ever be , scrupulously observed by the United States . Under that convention a year ' s notice is required to be given by either party to the other before the joint occupancy shall terminate , and before either can rightfully assert or exercise exclusive jurisdiction over anyportion of the territory . This notice it would , in my judgment , be proper to give , and I recommend that provision be made by law for _giting it accordingly , and terminating in this manner the convention of the Gth of August ,
1827 . # It will become proper for Congress to determine what legislation they can , in the mean time , adopt without _violating this convention . Beyond all question , the protection of our laws and our jurisdiction , civil and criminal , ought to be immediately extended over our citizens in Oregon . They have had just cause to complain of our long neglect in this particular , aud have , in consequence , been compelled , for their own security and protection , to establish a provisional government for themselves . Strong in their allegiance , and ardentin their attachment to the United States , they havebeen thus cast upon their own resources . They are anxious that our laws should be extended over them , and I recommend that this be done by Congress with as little delay as possible , in the full extent to which the Britsih Parliament have
proceeded in regard to British subjects in that territory , by their act of July 2 nd , 1821 , " for regulating the fur trade and establishing a criminal aud civil jurisdiction within certain parts of North America . " By __ this act Great Britain extended her laws and jurisdiction , civil and criminal , ovorhersubjects engaged in the fur trade in that territory . By it the courts of the province of Upper Canada were empowered to take _cognizance of causes civil and criminal . Justices ofthe ' peace and otherjudieial officers were authorized tobe appointed in Oregon , with power to execute all process issuing from the courts of that province , and to" sit andhold courts of record for the trial of criminal offences and misdemeanours" not made the subject of capital punishment , and also of civil cases , where the cause of action shall not " exceed in value the amount or sum of two hundred pounds . " . "
Subsequent to thc date of this act of Parliament , a grant was made from the "British crown" to the Hudson ' s Bay Company , of the exclusive trade with the Indian tribes in the Oregon territory , subject to a reservation that it shall not operate to the exclusion " of the subjects of any foreign states who , under or by force of any convention for the time being , between us and such foreign states respectively , may be entitled to , and shall be engaged in , the said trade . " It is much to be regretted , that , while under this act British subjects have enjoyed the protection of British laws and British judicial tribunals
throughout the whole of Oregon , American citizens , in the same territory , have enjoyed no such protection from their government . At the same time , the result illustrates the character of our people and their institutions . In spite of this neglect , they have multiplied , and their number is rapidly increasing in that territory . The _^ have made no appeal to arms , but have peacefully fortified themselves in tlieir new homes , by the adoption of republican institutions for themselves ; furnishing another example of the truth that self-government is inherent to the American breast , and must prevail . It is due to them that they should be embraced and protected by outlaws .
It is deemed important that our laws regulating trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes east of the Kocky Mountains should be extended to such tribes as dwell beyond them . The increasing emigration to Oregon , and the care and protection which is due from the government to its citizens in that distant region , make it our duty , as itis our interest , to cultivate amicable relations with the Indian tribes of that territory . For this _purpose , I recommend that pro vison be made for establishing an Indian agency , and such SHb-agencies as may be deemed necessary , beyond the -Rockv Mountains .
For the protection of emigrants whilst on their way to Oregon , agaisst the attacks ofthe Indian tribes _occupj-iag the countiy through which they pass , I _reeomiserid that a suitable number of stockades-and blockhouse forts be erected along the usual route between our frontier settlements on thc Missouri aud thc Rocky Mountains , and that an adequate force of _moanted _riflemea be raised to guard and protect them on their Journey . The immediate adoption of these recommendations by Congress will not violate the provisions of the-existing treaty . It will be doing nothing more for American citizens thau -British laws have long since dene for British _subjeetsinfhe same territory ..
It requires several months to perforci the voyage by sea from the Atlantic states to Gregon ; and although we Iwve _alarge number ofwli & Ie ships in the Pacific , but few of them afford an oppsrtumty of interchanging intelligence , without delay , between our settlements in that distant region a , nd the United States . An overland mail is _uelievea to be entirely practicable : and the importance of _establishing such a mail , sil- 'asfconce a nionfb , is submitted to the favourable consideration of Congress . It is submitted to the wisdom of Congress to detel _* _.-mnie whether , at their present session , and until after tiie expiration of the year ' s notice , any other measures may be adoptedconsistently with the
con-, vention of 1 S 27 , for the security of our rights , and the government and protection of our citizens in Oregon . Tnat it will ultimately be wise and proper to make liberal _srants of land to the patriotic pioneers , who , _araicist privations and dangers , lead the way through savage tribes inhabiting the vast wilderness intervening between our frontier _set'lemints and Oregon , and who cultivate , and are ever ready to defend the soil , I am fully satisfied . To doubt whether tlicy will obtain such grants as soon as the co- . _vention between the United States and brent britam shall have ceased to exist would be ti doubt the justice of Congress ; but , pending th . year s notice , it is worth y of consideration whether a
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stipulation to this effect may be made , consistently with the spirit of that convention . The recommendations which I have made as to the best manner of securing our rights in Oregon are submitted to Congress with great deference . Should they , in their wisdom , devise any other mode better calculated to accomplish tbe same object , it shall meet with my hearty concurrence . At the end of the year ' s notice , should Congress think it proper to make provision for giving that notice , we shall have reached a period when the national rights of Oregon must either be abandoned or firmly maintained . That they cannot be abandoned without a sacrifice of both national honour and interest is too clear to admit of doubt .
Oregon is a part of the North American continent , to which it is confidently affirmed the title of the United States is the best now in existence . For the grounds on which tbat title rests , I refer you to the correspondence of the late and present Secretary of State with the British plenipotentiary during the negotiation . The British proposition of compromise , which would make the Columbia the line south of forty-nine degrees , with a trifling addition of _detached territory to the United States north of that river , and would leave on the British side two-thirds of the whole Oregon territory , including the free navigation of the Columbia and all the valuable harbours on the Pacific , can never , for a moment , L « entertained by the United States , without an
abandonment of their just and clear territorial rights , their own _self-respect , and the national honour . For the information of Congress I communicate herewith the correspondence wliich took place between the governments during the late negotiation . The rapid extension of our settlements over our territories heretofore unoccupied , the addition of new states to our confederacy , the expansion of free principles , and our rising greatness as a nation , ave attracting the attention of the powers of Europe ; and lately the doctrine has been broached in some of them of a " balance of power" on this continent , to check our advancement . The United States , sincerely desirous of preserving relations of good understanding with all _nationsj cannot in silence permit any
European interference on the _JS ' orth American continent ; and should any such interference be attempted , will be ready to resist it at any andall hazards . [ t is well known to the American people and to all nations that this government has never interfered with the relations subsisting between other governments . We have never made ourselves parties to their wars or their alliances ; we have not sought their territories by conquest ; we have not mingled with parties in their domestic struggles ; and believing our own form of government to be the best we have never attempted to propagate it by intrigues , by diplomacy * or by force . We may claim on this continent a like exemption from European interference . The nations of America are equally sovereign
and independent with those of Europe . Tbey possess the same rights , independent of ail foreign interposition , to make "ffar , to conclude peace , and to regulate their internal affairs . The people of the United States cannot , therefore , view with indifference attempts of European powers to interfere with the independent action of the nations of this continent . The American system of government is entirely different from that of Europe . Jealousy amongst the different sovereigns of Europe , lest any one of them might become too powerful for the rest , has caused them anxiously to desire the establishment of what they term the " balance of power . " It cannot he permitted to have any application on the North American continent , and especially to the
United States . We must ever maintain the principle that the people of this continent alone have the right to decide their own destiny . Should any portion of them , constituting an independent state , propose to unite themselves with our confederacy , this will be a question for them and us to determine , without any foreign interposition . We can never consent that European powers shall interfere to prevent such a union , because it might disturb the " balance of povrer" whicli they may desire to maintain upon this continent _. Near a quarter of a century ago the principle was distinctly announced to the world , in the annual message of one of my predecessors , that " the American continents , by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain , are henceforth net to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European power . " This principle
will apply with greatly increased force , should any European power attempt to establish any new colony in North America . In the existing circumstance * of the world , the present is deemed a proper occasion to reiterate and re-affirm the principle affirmed by Mr . Monroe , and to state my cordial concurrence in its wisdom and sound policy . The re-assertion of this principle , especially in reference to North America , is at this day but the promulgation of a policy which no European power should cherish the disposition to resist . Existing rights of every European nation should be respected ; but it is due alike to our safety and our interests , that the efficient protection of our laws should be extended over our whole territorial limits , and that it should be distinctly announced to the world as our settled policy , that no future European colony or dominion shall , with our consent , be planted or established en any part of the North American continent .
The Prussian treaty , the Spanish ( navigation ) treaty , Texan claims , the treaty with China , and a glance at the _dissentions in South America , conclude this ( the "foreign" ) portion of the "Message " : — I have thus adverted to all the subjects connected with our foreign relations to which 1 deem it necessary to call _jour attention . Our policy is not only peace with all , but good-will towards all the powers ofthe earth . While we are just to all , we require that all shall be just to us . Excepting the differences with Mexico and Great Britain , our relations with all civilised nations are of the most satisfactory character . It is hoped that in this _enlightened age these differences may be amicably adjusted .
_FINANCIAL STATEMENT . The Secretary of the Treasury , in his annual report to Congress , will communicate a full statement ofthe condition of our finances . The imports of the fiscal year ending on the 13 th of June last were of the value of 117 , 254 , 564 dols ., of which the amount exported was 15 , 346 , 830 dols . —leaving a balance of 101 , 907 , 734 dols . for domestic consumption . The exports for the same year were of the value of 114 , 646 , 606 dols . ; of which the amount of domestic
articles was 99 , 291 , 776 dols . The receipts into the Treasury during the same year were 29 , 769 , 133 dok 56 cents . ; of which there were derived from customs 27 . 528 , 112 dols . 70 cents . ; from sales of publie lands 2 , 770 , 622 dols . 30 . ; cents . and from incidental and miscellaneous sources 163 , 993 dols . 56 cents . The expenditures for the same period were 29 , 968 , 206 dols . 9 S cents .: of which 8 , 5 S 8 , 157 dols . 62 cents were applied to the payment of the public debt . The balance inthe Treasury on the 1 st of June last was 7 , 658 , 306 dols , 22 cents .
The amount of the public debt remaining unpaid on the 1 st of October last , was 17 , 075 , 445 dols . 52 cents . Further payment of the public debt would have been made , in anticipation of the period of its reimbursement under the authority conferred upon the Secretary of the Treasury by the acts of July 21 ; 1841 , and of April 15 , 1842 , and March 3 , 1843 , had not the unsettled state of our relations with Mexico menaced hostile collision with that power . In view of such a contingency , it was deemed prudent to retain in the Treasury an amount unusually large for ordinary purposes .
A few years ago , our whole national debt growins out of the revolution and the war of 1812 with Great Britain was extinguished , and we presented to tlie world the rare and noble spectacle of a great and growing people who had fully discharged every obligation . Since that time the existing debt has been contracted ; and small as it was , in comparison with the similar burdens of most other nations , it should be extinguished at thc earliest practicable period . Should the state of the country permit , and especially , if our foreign relations interpose no obstacle , it
is contemplated to apply all the monies in the Treasury as they accrue beyond what is required for the appropriations by Congress to its liquidation . I cherish the hope of soon being able to congratulate the country on Us recovering once more the lofty position which it so recently occupied . Our country , which exhibits to the world the benefits of self-government , in developing all the sources of national prosperity , owes to mankind the permanent example of a nation free from the blighting influence of a public debt .
THE TARIFF . The tariff of 1 S 42 is alluded to in the Message . A revision and modification of the present tariff is recommended , and an abolition of the minimum principle , or assumed and arbitrary value of specific duties , and the substitution in tlieir places of ad valorem , duties . A system of ad valorem revenue duties , with proper discriminations , will , it is stated , afford ample and incidental advantages to the manufacturers . It is the opinion of the executive , " that such a system , strietly within the revenue standard , will place the manufacturing interests of America on a stable footing , and secure their permanent advantoge ; while it will , as nearly as may bo practicable , t * xtend to all the great interests of the country the incidental protection which can be afforded by its _revenue laws . " That p _-ortion of the "Message" relating to the question of ' banks and banking , we give entire : —
RECOMMb M > _ATION OP A GOVERNMENT BASK , By the _constipation of the United States it is provided , that "no * money shall be drawn from thc treasury but in con _^ equenee of appropriations made by law . " A public treasury was undoubtedly contemplated and _intended to be created , in which the public money should be * kept from theperiod of _collec-- ion until needed for tlk' public use . In the collection and disbursement ° t' the public money no
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atfcncieB- have ever Keen employed by law except such as were appointed by the government , . directly responsible to it , and under its control , lhe salekeeping of public money should be confided to a public treasury created by law , and under like responsibility and control . It is not to be imagined that the _framers ofthe constitution eould have intended that a treasury should be created as a place of deposit and safe-keeping of the public money which was irresponsible to the government . The hrst Congress under the constitution , by the act of the 2 nd ot September , 1789 , "to establish the treasury department , " provided for the appointment of a treasurer , and made it his duty , to '' receive and keep the _moniej ofthe United States , " and " at all times to submit to the secretary ofthe treasury andthe comptroller , or either of them , the inspection of the in his hands . " _,.., A __* t ¦ _-.:.-r _^ V _' _" - .. « " _* f . _' _~ # _..-- * ..-.,- ¦ -- i .. _t > i _**' . I - | - -1 I *" . '— *** 9 *_ 1 ____ , " *__ ¦ - _•! .
money That banks , national or state , could not have been intended to be used as a substitute for the treasury spoken of in the constitution , as keepers of the public money , is manifest from the fact , that at that time there was no national bank , and but three or four state banks of limited capital existed in the country . Their employment as depositories was at first resorted to , to a limited extent , but with no avowed intention of continuing them permanently , in place of the treasury of the constitution . When they were afterwards from time to time employed , it was from motives of supposed convenience .
Our experience has shown that when banking corporations have been the keepers ofthe public money , and been thereby made in effect the treasury , the government can have no guaranty that it can command the use of its own money for public purposes . The late Bank of the United States proved to be faithless . But a few years ago , with millions of money in tlieir keeping , the government was brought almost to bankruptcy , and the public credit seriously inwaired , because of their inability or indisposition to pay , on demand , to the public creditors , in the only currency recognised by the constitution . Tlieir failure occurred in a period of peace , and great inconvenience and loss were suffered by the public from it . Had the country been involved in a foreign war , that inconvenience and loss would have been much
greater , and might have resulted in extreme public calamity . The public money should not be mingled with the private funds of banks or individuals , or be used for private purposes . When it is placed in banks for safe keeping , it is in effect loaned to them without interest , and is loaned by them upon interest to the borrowers from them . The public money is converted into banking capital , and is used and loaned out for the private profit of bank stockholders ; and when called for ( as was the case in 1837 ) , it may be in the pecketsof the borrowers from the banks , instead of being in the public treasury contemplated by the constitution . The framers of the constitution could never have intended that the money paid into the treasury should be thus converted to private use , and placed beyond the control of the government .
Banks which hold the public money are often tempted by a desire of gain to exceed their loans , increase . their circulation , and thus stimulate , if not produce , a spirit of speculation and extravagance , which sooner or later must result in ruin to thousands . If the public money be not permitted to be thus used , but be kept in the treasury and paid out to the public creditors in gold and silver , the temptation afforded by its deposit with banks to an undue expansion of their business would be checked , while the amount of the constitutional currency left in circulation would be enlarged by its employment in the public collections and disbursements , and the banks themselves would , in consequence , be found in
a safer and sounder condition . At present , state banks are employed as depositories , but without adequate regulation of law , whereby the public money can be secured against the casualitics and excesses , revulsions , expansions , and defalcations , to which , from over-issues , overtrading , an inordinate desire for gain , or other causes , they are constantly exposed . The Secretary of the Treasury has in all cases , when it was practicable , taken collateral security for the amount which they hold , by the pledge of stocks to the United States , or such of the states as were in good credit , Some of the deposit banks have given this description of security , and others have declined to do so .
Entertaining the opinion that " the separation of the monies of the government from banking institutions is indispensable for the funds of the government andthe rights of the people , " I recommend to Congress that provision be-made by law for such separation , and that a constitutional treasury be created for the safe-keeping ot the publie money . The constitu . tional treasury recommended is designed as a secure depository for tho public money , without any power to make loans or discounts , or to issue any paper whatever as a currency or circulation . I * cannot doubt that such a treasury as was contemplated bythe constitution sliould be independent of all banking corporations . The money of the people should be kept in the treasury of the people created by law , and be in the custody of agents of the people chosen by themselves , according to the forms of the constitution : agents who are directly responsible to the
government , who are under adequate bonds and oaths , and are subject to severe punishments for embezzlement , private use , or misapplication of the public funds , or for any failure in other respects to perform their duties . To say that the people or their government are incompetent ; or not to be trusted with the custody of their own money , in their own treasury , provided by themselves , bnt must rely on the presidents , cashiers , and stockholders of banking corporations , not appointed by them , nor responsible to them , would be to to concede that they are incompetent of self-government . In recommending the establishment ofa constitutional treasury in whicli the public money shall be kept , I desire that . adequate provision be made by law for its safety , and that all executive discretion or control over it shall be removed , except such as may be necessary in directing its disbursement in pursuance of appropriations made by law .
The sale ofthe public lands , the continuance of the system of pre-emption , and the management of the mineral lands of the United States are next spoken of . The condition ofthe United States , Army is favourably noticed . Then follows a notice of the dissentions amongst some of the Indian tribes . Following which comes a recommendation for increasing the efficiency of ,
THE NAVY . I refer you tothe report of the Secretary ofthe Navy for the present condition of that branch of the national defence ; and for grave suggestions , having for their object the increase of its efficiency and a greater economy in its management . ¦ _fr TV W _Tf The commerce of the United States , and with it the navigating interest , have steadily and rapidly increased since . the organization of our government , _un'il it is believed we are now second to but oue power in the world , and at no distant day we shall probably be inferior to none . Exposed as they must bo , it has been a wise policy to afford to these important interests protection with our ships of war , distributed in the great highways of trade
throughout the world . For more than thirty years appropriations have been made , and annually expended , for the gradual increase of our naval forces . In peace , our navy performs the important duty of protecting our commerce ; and , in the event of war , will be , as it has been , a most efficient means of defence . The successful use of steam navigation oh thc ocean has been followed by the introduction of war steamers in great and increasing numbers into the navies of the principal maritime powers of the world . A due regard to our own safety and to an efficient protection to our large and increasing commerce demands a corresponding increase on our part . No country has greater facilities for the construction of vessels of this description than ours , or can promise
itselt greater advantages from their employment . They are admirably adapted to the protection of our commerce , to the rapid transmission of intelligence , and to the coast defence . In pursuance of the wise policy of a gradual increase of our navy , large supplies of live oak timber and other materials for shipbuilding have been collected , and are now under shelter , and in a state of good preservation , while iron steamers ean be built with great facility in various parts of the Union . The use of iron as a material , especially in the construction of steamers , which can enter with safety many of the harbours along our coast now inaccessible to vessels of greater draught _y and the practibility of constructing them in the interior , strongly recommends that liberal
appropriations should be made for this important object . Whatever may have been out policy in tho earlier stages of the _government when the nation was in its infancy , oui ? shipping in terests and commerce . comparatively small , our resources limited , our population spare , and scarcely extending beyond the limits of the original thirteen states , that policy must be essentially different now that we have grown from three to more than twenty millions of people * , that our commerce , carried in our own ships , is found in every sea , and that our territorial boundaries and settlements have bcenso greatly expanded . Neither our commerce , nor our long line of coast on the ocean and on the lakes , can be successfully defended against foreign _aggression by means of fortifications alone . These are
essential at important commercial and military points , but our chief reliance for this object must be on a well-organized efficient navy . The benefits resulting from such a navy are not confined to the Atlantic stales . The productions ofthe interior , or ivhieh seek a market abroad , are directly dependent onthe safety and freedom of our commerce . The occupation of the Belize below New Orleans by a hostile force would embarrass , if not stagnate , the whole export trade of the Mississippi , and affect'the > aluc of the _agricultural products of the entire _yalley . f that mighty mer and its tributaries . It has never been our policy to mnintain large _landing armies ia time of peace . They are contrary othc genius of our free institutions , would impose leavy burdens on the people , and be dangerous to ) ublic liberty . Onr reliance for protection and Jet ' chce on the laud most be mainly on our citizen
^ ¦ -——• Cnn , Ep "Statbst , """ . "~"~ ...
s 61 diera , "who " wiirbe ever ready ;* as they-have ever been ready in times past , to . rush with alacrity , at the call of their country , to her defence . This description of force , however , cannot defend our coasts , harbours , and inland seas , nor protect our commerce on the ocean or the lakes . These must be protected by our navy . _ Considering an increased naval force , and especially of steam vessels , corresponding with our growth and importance as a nation , and proportioned to the increased and increasing naval power of other nations , of vast importance as regards our safety and the great and growing interest to be protected by it , I recommend the subject to the favourable consideration of Congress . A reduction in the rates of postage is recommended , and after the discussion of some minor topics , thc " Message" concludes with the following tribute to the memory _of'__ .-11 . 1 ? . __ - t . '* . - _«~! 11 _'Ua A < riMi '« AII A « _•* _" ¦«•• ' _ill _tttf * tt « % »/__ _AHAU
THE LATE GENERAL JACKSOX . I trust that it may not be deemed inappropriate to the occasion for me to dwell for a moment on the memory of the most eminent citizen of our country , who , during the summer that is gone by , has descended to the tomb . The enjoyment of contemplating , at the advanced age of near four score years , the happy condition of his country , cheered the last hours of Andrew Jackson , who departed this life in the tranquil hope of a blessed immortality . His death was happy , as his life had been eminently useful . He had an unfaltering confidence in the virtue and capacity of the people , and in the permanence of that free government which he had largely contributed to establish and defend . His great deeds had secured to him the affections of his
fellowcitizens , and it was his happiness to witness thc growth and glory ofhis country , which he loved so well . He departed amidst the benedictions of millions of freemen . The nation * paid its tribute to his memory at the tomb . Coming . generations will learn from his example the love of country and the rights of man . In his language on a similar occasion to the present , " I now commend you , fellow-citizens , to the guidance of Almighty God , with a full reliance on His merciful providence for the maintenance of our free institutions : and with an earnest supplication , that whatever errors it may be my lot to commit in discharging the arduous duties which have devolved on me , will find a remedy in the harmony of our counsels . " James K . Polk . Washington , Dec , 2 , 1845 .
Trial For Murder In South Australia. [Fr...
TRIAL FOR MURDER IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA . [ From the Adelaide Observer of June Uth _, 1845 . ] Wekweki alias Jack , a fine portly-looking black , was charged with the murder of George M'Grath , on the 1 st June , 1842 . In another Court he was charged with aiding and assisting Wira Maldira alto * Peter ( since executed ) in the murder . The prisoner whose haunts were known , had often been sought for by the police , but owing to the peculiar nature of the country he frequented , a distance of from eighteen to twenty miles below the present police station at the Murray , and the imepenetrable _reedbeds with which it abounds , he had eluded their grasp until about two months ago , when he was captured by Mr . Tolmer , Inspector of police . Mr . Fisher , who was retained on behalf of the prisoner by the Protector of Aborigines , conducted the defence , and the Rev . Mr _ Meyer acted as interpreter .
Mr . William Chace , Mr . William Pew , Matthew Moorehouse , Esq ., Sergeant-Major Alford , and Corporal Mason , recapitulated the evidence they gave on the former trial ; but in this case , under a recent local Act , the testimony of a native _Kooey-kowminnie alias Jemmy , ( an accomplice by-thc-byc , but admitted as Queen ' s evidence _) was taken . Corporal Mason acted as interpreter , first explaining to the black , under the direction ofthe Court , that he must tell the whole truth , and that he was liable to be punished if he did not do so . Jemmy replied that he would speak nothing but the truth , and was aware ofthe consequences of departing from it .
In answer to a question by the Court , he at once pointed out Chace and Pew , who stood on the floor of the Court , as two of the overland party , and immediately added , " There was a third white man ( M'Grath } but he is dead . " He then named the number of blackfellows who accompanied them , identified the prisoner as one . He saw Jack , the prisoner , ' strike M'Grath four times , twice over the upper part of the nose , and twice across the breast . They rose upon the _whiteB because they wanted their blankets and flour . They afterwards ate the flour , put the guns in the bush , and wore the blankets , leaving the body on the surface of the ground for the wild dogs to eat , The other two white men were struck , but afterwards ran away . The affray happened very near daylight on the third morning , at a place which ho called _Pcrkong , near three wells , dug by the white men . He heard the natives agree together to steal the blankets two days before tho murder .
Afier a speech from Mr . Fisher in defence of theprisoner , the jury returneda verdict of " guilty" on the second count . His Honour then directed the interpreter to communicate the verdict to theprisoner , after which he proceeded to pass the extreme penalty of the law upon him in a very solemn and emphatic manner . He said , . Wekweki , some time ago , Wira Maldira , was tried in this Court for the murder of a white man , found guilty , nnd hanged . You have been tried and found guilty of aiding and assist . ing in the same murder ; and , therefore , it is my duty to pronounce the same sentence upon you tbat I pronounced uponhim . In doing so his Honor said he felt no compassion for him , because ho had been guilty of a most atrocious and unprovoked murder , —a murder whieh had it been committed by a native upon one of their own
tribes , they themselves , uninfluenced by the dictates ef religion ( of which he thoug ht they had no just notion ) or even of those high principles of morality which flow from it , and which govern civilized society , would haveinstantly put the murderer to death . He hoped his fate and that of Wira Maldira would teach the natives of this Province that the lives and property of white men must be respected when far off inthe bush ; and whilst that Court would always be ready to protect- the European from native aggression or wrong , it would be equally ready to respect the rights and liberties of the blacks . The sentence of the Court was that he be taken back to the place whence he came , and there hanged by the neck till he was dead , on the morning of Tuesday the 24 th Juue instant ; and the further sentence of the Court was that his body be buried within the precincts of the gaol .
Case Of Parricide. A Murder, Comini.Tea ...
CASE OF PARRICIDE . A murder , comini . tea under rather peculiar circumstances , occurred a few days ago at Cockle-park , near Morpeth , in the county of Northumberland , the son of the deceased having been apprehended on his own _confestien of the crime . The deceased , who was fifty-seven years of age , resided in a cottage , with his wife and daughter , and an unmarried son , named Ralph Joicey The son was engaged as a hind on a farm belonging to , and cultivated by the Duke of Portland . Nothing has _transpired to indicate that the parties lived _unhappily , or that any circumstance existed calculated to operate against their domestic comfort . No doubt _« considerable time ago the father and eon had had a quarrel , but it did not appear to be marked by any peculiar feature ; and as an apparent reconciliation had taken place , it ie
scarcely possible to suppose that revengeful feelings can have been nursed for so long a period . The father had no money , and his furnished cottage contained the whole amount of his property . It nppeared that he bad occasionally been in the habit of receiving medicine from Dr . Hedley , of Felton , and it was customary to leave it at a public-house two miles distance from his residence . Oue evening last week a packet was left at the public-house by a man who was so muffled up that his face could not be seen by the person who received it . He merely remarked in a low tone of voice , " This is medicine for old Joicey . " The packet bore the following inscription : — "I make you a present for Joicey . Take this large powder in a glass of ale or a glass of wiue , and the small one in a little honey or jelly ; the one at night and the other in the morning .
The contents ofthe packet were given to the old man , who immediately afterwards became ill and dieoi . An inquest having been held on the body , a post mortem examination was ordered , and circumstances gave rise to the suspicion that one ofhis own family had been instrumental in administering the poison , on which the inquiry was adjourned to afford the parish constables an opportunity of sifting the matter . It appears that one of these functionaries , having his suspicious" excited against the son , Ralph Joicey , took an opportunity in one of the inter _, views he had with him of remarking thatthe evidence lie thought was going hard against him , and suggesting the expediency of his getting quietly out ofthe way . This
evidently made a deep impression on the mind of Joicey , who next day sent for the land steward at Cockle-park , and confessed himself to be the murderer of his father . The steward gave information to the constable , but in tho meantime , the son had left his home , and on inquiry it was found that he had taken the road to Newcastle , whither Mr . Whigham , the officer , wentin pursuit of him , and where he apprehended him at the residence ofhis brother , William Joicey , in Hutton _' g-court , Pilgrim-street . The prisoner , on being apprehended and charged with the crime , admitted the charge was correct , and stated that he had purchased the poison from Mr . Creighton , of Morpeth , two months previous .
The prisoner was brought before the county magistrates at Morpeth , on Wednesday last , but the examination was merely formal , for the purpose of having him remanded until the next aay , in erder that he might be taken before the coroner ' s jury . Mr . _Wigham , the constable , was the only witness examined ; and he having stated that he had reason to believe that the mother and daughter were implicated , they were also apprehended and similarly remanded . The inquest waB resumed on Thursday at the house of Mr . William Dickenson , Cockle-park , the prisoners being
present during the whole of the examination . The son wept occasionally , but the mother and daughter appeared quite collected . After hearing the evidence of several witnesses , the coroner adjourned the inquiry till Mondav . On Monday the inquest was again opened , and , after the evidence of a number of witnesses had been heard _, the jury found Ralph Joicey guilty of Wilful Murder , but that there was nothing to implicate the female prisoners . Ralph Joicey was then committed to take his trial at the next assizes . Tbe women were immediatel y afterwards discharged fi _* om custody _.
Case Of Parricide. A Murder, Comini.Tea ...
BANKRUPTS . { From'Tuesday ' s Gazette , Deceni 6 ei _* 23 , 1845 , ) Thomas Winston , late of No . 3 , ' _Copthall-buildinre London , merchant-Elizabeth Rolph and Thomas » ., i , V of _Shepherd-s-court _. UpperBrook . stioet _. GrosvonorV _, u- » ' builders-Fehx Herpent _, of Sherrard . strect , Golden . cnu ' . . _^ warehouseman—Joseph Howard Uand ; of 29 , _Westminster ' _bridge-road , Lambeth , dealer in china and glass-JanieB Miller , Southampton , cordwainer—Thomas Brown of a and 4 , Connaught-terrace , Edgeivarc-road , boot and shoe maker-Sarah Caroline Fry , of Princes-street , _Mar-itc Kent , stationer and fancy wool dealer-Esther Smith of Southwell , Nottingham , innkeeper— Clarendon Hyde ' of Loughborough , apothecary — William brown , of _Atlior stone , Warwickshire , ironmonger—John Sier , of Chelten ham , baker—George Smith , of Manchester , bill broker J Joanna Chatterton , of Pendleton , Lancashire , licensed victualler—William Wingfield _, of . Masborough , Yorkshire common brewer-Joseph Collison , of Allerton aud __ _5 _l _* _ad _. ford , worsted spinner .
niVinENOS _DECtAREO . John Campion and William Campion , of Whitbv Yorkshire , ship builders , first aud final dividend of Gs . _'fd and _10-lGths of a penny in the pound ; and , to those who have received a former dividend , a final dividend of 2 s . 7 d ami 10-lGths of a penny in the pound ; and a finai dividend of 3 s . lid . in the pound , on the separate estate of John Campion ; payable at i , Commercial buildings . Leeds mv Tuesday . '' •» Robert Campion nnd John Campion , of Whitbv York-Shire , hankers , first dividend of 3 s . 3 d , iu the pound on the separate estate of Robert Campion , payable at 4 Coin mercial-buildings , Leeds , any Tuesday . ' Fenwick Loraine _, of _Newcastle-upon-Tyue _, bookseller second dividend of Ss . in the pouud , payable at 57 Gre !
, y street , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , any Saturday . Joseph Howden , of Wakefield , Yorkshire , iron founder first dividend of 4 s . 6 d . in the pound , payable at 4 , Com mercial-buildings , Leeds , any Tuesday . Joah Sugden and David Sugden , of Springfield , Yorkshire , fancy cloth manufacturers , first and final dividend of 10 s . 7 d . in the pound , payable at 4 , Commercial buildings , Leeds , any Tuesday . William Joseph Wardell , of Pickering , Yorkshire , wine merchant , first and final diridend of 4 s . _lljd . in the pound , payable at 4 , Commercial-buildings , Leeds , any Tuesday . Thomas Patterson and John Codling , of Sheriff Hall , Durham , earthenware manufacturers , first and final dividend offis . 9 d . in the pound , payable at 111 , Pilgrimstreet , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , any Saturday .
William Henry Bates , third dividend of 6 d . in the pound , payable at 7 , Waterloo-street , Birmingham , any Thursday . Benjamin Bower Wilson , of Holme , Westmoreland , surgeon , first and final dividend of 3 d . in the pound , payable at 111 , Pilgrim-street , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , any Saturday . Thomas _Clerc Smith and Richard Hayes , of Henriettastreet , Covent-garden , hotel keepers , first dividend of 9 d . 6 d . in the pound ; and 2 os . in the poundon the separate estate of Thomas Clerc Smith ; payable at 2 , BashighaU . street , any Wednesday . John Penn Bradley , ' fif Great St . Helen ' s , City , wine mer . chant , first dividend of 6 s . 2 d . in the pound , payable at 2 , _BasinghaU-strcet , any Wednesday . John _JBrooker , of Southampton-row , Bloomsbury , carver , first dividend of ls . iu the pound , payable at 13 , OldJewry , Deceniber 24 , and two following Wednesdays .
DIVIDENDS TO BE DECLARED . At the Court of Bankruptcy , London . Robert Bloomfield Clarke , of ( Sower-street North plumber , January 15 , at half-past eleven—Charles Jarman , of CI , West Smithfield , woolen draper , January 16 , at eleven—John Flemell Armstrong , of Blackheath and Greenwich , china merchant , January 16 , at eleven-Joseph Wartnabv , of 2 , Adam ' s-court , Old Broad-street City , and of Lee , Kent , ship broker , January 16 , at half _, past eleven—James Tunks , of Kensington , cowkeeper , January 16 , at half-past eleven—James Tomlinand William Man , of St . Michael ' s-alley , Cornhill , merchants , January IC , atone—William Burleigh , of HaverhiU , Suffolk , scrivener , January 15 , atone—Charles Frederick Warman , of 9 , Houndsditeh , City , china dealer , January 15 , at half-past twelve—William Barnfield , jun ., of 17 , Mark-lane , City , wine merchant , January 15 , at half-past eleven—Henry Richard Harraden , of Cambridge , printseller , January 15 ,
at one—James Robbins , of Winchester , bookseller , January 13 , at half-past eleven—Joseph Middletuu , of _Aveley , Essex , hay salesman , January 15 , at eleven-George Michael Von Dadelszen , of 23 . Minciug-lane , City , merchant , January 15 , at eleven—Thomas Hodsdoi _., of Harrow , Middlesex , butcher , January 18 , at _half-past two Theophilus Jonas Sutton , of Scarborough , Yorkshire , master mariner , January IG , at twelve—James Peake , of Tolleshunt Knights , Essex , miller , January 14 , at twelve —William Henry Alexander and Charles Bolton Richards , of Upper Clifton-street , Finsbury , _hardwaremen _, January 14 , at twelve—T . Smyth , ofMarchmount . gtreet , _Ihutis . wick-square , perfumer , Jan . 14 , at eleven—H . S . Knowles , ofMoolham _, Somersetshire , silk throwster , Januar . v 14 , at eleven—Ann Akehurst , of East Mailing , Kent , baker , January 14 , at twelve—Charles Best , of 5 , St . James ' swalk , Clerkenwell _, printer , January 28 , at twelve—George Fordhara Blaw _, of 22 , Great Dover-street , Ncmugwn , currier , January 14 , at half-past two .
In the Country . George Crove , of Wick and Abson , Gloucestershire , millers , January IG , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Bristol—Prince William Smith , of Bristol , tanner , January 15 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Bristol —John Lilly , of Doddershall , Worcestershire , farmer , January 22 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Bir . mingham—Edward Rogers , of Great Witley , Worcestershire , surgeon , January 21 , at eleven , at the Court oi Bankruptcy , Birmingham . Cebtificates to be granted , unless cause be shown to the contrary on the day of meeting . James Tunks , of George-place ; Newlands-terrace , Kensington , cowkeeper , January 15—Charles Draper , of 140 ,
Bishopsgatc-street Without , City , victualler , Jauuaryla—Henry Wood , of Cheltenham , draper , January 15—Thomas Thompson , of Northampton , bill broker , January 10 — William George Flynn , of St , Lower Thames-street , City , merchant , January 13—John Perkin £ uxton , of Munsterstreet . Regent ' s Park , aud Spring . street , Paddingtuii , linen draper , January 15—George Fordham Blow , of 21 , Great Dover-street , Newington , Surrey , currier , January 14—William Richard Parsons , of 7 , Limehouse-causeway , grocer , January ; 14—John Phillips , of Pinner ' s-court , Old Broad-street , City , and Peckham , Surrey , tailor , January 14—Henry Liptrot , of Wrexham , Denbighshire , bout maker , _Jaimarj _13—Evan Meredith , of Liverpool , linendraper , January 13—John Lilly , of Dodderhill and Han . bury , Worcestershire , farmer , January 21 .
Certificates to he granted by the Court of Review , unless cause be shown to the contrary , on or before January IS . Thomas Preston , jun ., of Manchester , cotton spinner—Job Crabb , of Hook-mills , Dorsetshire , hemp manufao turer—Peter Hansen , of Newcastle-upon-Tyne , merchant —James Hurlstone Limes , of Richmond , Surrey , butcher —Francis Ridd , of Nether Stowey _, Somersetshire , surgeon .
PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVE *) . James Jones and William Chalfont , of 10 , White Hartplace , Kennington-lane , stationers—Thomas De Tear anil Thomas S . De Tear , of 44 , Lisle-street , Leicester-square , curriers—Henry S . Easty and William Williams , of Southampton , stock brokers — William Wycherley Brookes , John Lee , aud William Lee Brookes , of Whitchurch , Shropshire , attornies ( so far as regards William Wycber . ley Brookes)—Charles Denton and Joseph Sergea _' nt , uf Rotherhithe , stone merchants—Thomas William Woolft and Joseph Bray Woolfe , of 08 , Lower Shadwell , and Newstreet , _Sliadweli _, boat builders—Edward _Penton i "" i Stephen Penton , of Lupus-street , Pimlico—George P . Ken . worthy , John Kenworthy , and Charles Edward Ken worthy , _ofAInnchester , common carriers ( so far as regards Charta Edward Kenworthy ) -Henry Eastwood and John Richard _, son , of Woodlesford . Yorkshire , earthenware
manufacturers—Charles Herring , Burness , and Co ., of London , general agents—Thomas Hallam and William Hallam , ui " Northampton , leather sellers—Thomas Haigh Cwtvtker and John Ashe , jun ., of Stockport , cotton spinners— 'o ' Whitehouse and Edward Whitehouse , sen ., of Wolverhampton , garden tool manufacturers—Richard Biddlc aud Richard Birkin , of Nottingham and New Basford , lace manufacturers—John Lewis and Joseph Smith , of Birmingham , locksmiths—James Hcndy aud James Willi : * llendy , of Portsmouth and Portsea , general builders-John Bevan , Nathauiel Iron , aud Richard Bevan _, of * ., Birchin-lane , City , provision merchants—George Harford and Thomas Burfurd , of Stratford , Esses , linen dra pcrs-Henry Rawsthorn and Betty Ellston , of Haslingden , Lancashire , ironfouuders—Jos . C . Gamble , James Crostielij , Simon Crosfield , George Crosfield _, and Josep h CrusfitW _, of St , Helens , Lancashire , alkali manufacturers .
*Y\ «B_K_K.T_≫ .__ .._!._¦__»_ _{. _^__ .__*-. ^Anltruptfi ,^
* _y _\ « b _ k _ k . T _> . __ .. __! . _¦__»_ __{ . __^__ . ___* -. _^ _anltruptfi , _^
Two Squadrons Are To Meet In The Indian ...
Two squadrons are to meet in the Indian Seas , and to make their combined descent on Madagascar alio ' * the month of March . The troops will , it is said , «' commanded by a French general , M . _Duvivier , and the naval squadron by a British officer . § The Muuoer at Neuilu _. has become compto _^ in an extraordinary manner . When the authorities discovered the dead bodv of _Rollefc , they placed a gendarme in tlie house to seize on _Frai )_ _.- > is Q , «« - elles , should he happen to return . The gendarme , named Gilbert , finding himself alone in the house , thought he might as well examine if lie could not discover some indication of the crime . Ue _ilescen'ie " at last to the cellar , where he thought the _Kll'tU looked as if it had been recently disturbed in one W the corners . He cot a nickaxe' and took up the surdean
face , and at about a foot below it he found the body of a young girl , who was known to have bceu loved by both Kollet and Qucrellcs , and for _«¦* affections tliey were rivals . She had been mjssin . j for some days , and her disappearance liad ff _^' suspicions . Thc question now is who could na _* * been the authov of this crime . —Gedignam . Piqua PLANT . —The following are reasons whj the Piqua Plant is superior to Tea , viz : — lsti D j l cause it is beneficial to health . 2 nd . It docs no * iDjure the nerves . 3 rd . Children may use it **¦ " _•' advantage to health . 4 th . It does not prevent sleep-5 th . A quarter of a pound wili go as forastM _* _- " quarter ofa pound of the best Gunpowder Tea . OH It is strenghtening and nutritious . 1 th . It is _»•**?? : ' . mended by Physicians and Tea is disproved ol «) them . It greatly improves the voice ; it is Kcom " mended to singers and public speakers .
Copt of a Letter sent to Mk . Holmwatati _^ ino as _Extraordisart Cure . — " I , John Green ,, builder , residing at No . 9 , Windmill-street , r , _insbuK square , London , do solemnly declare that ray _" ' , was afflicted for three years with a dreadful ulceran _ leg , and that she consulted several eminentsui , g benefit whatever . I further declare that aftfll * _eVCrj other means had failed , she had been radically eat by the use alone of Holloway's pills and ointroen » which were used together . Signed , John Green . TheP « r _tA Courier recently stated that » B « _fJ advised by a female doctor in the neig _hbourhood rub his body with turpentine , before going to Dm and in the morning he would find himself clll'ei' r the rheumatism . Accordingly lie obtained _^ . _? _t _sistanof . nf his \ vifi » til rnh tlio _lmnrn * nortion O' " ,
body , but while doing so , she accidentally aliow the lighted candle to come in contact with l . turpentine which liad been placed upon the w _' _-j consequently he became enveloped in flame , lnii' ¦ ing serious iujuvy . How easily might this _alaV"j _» accident have J > een prevented , if , instead ot « . •* _turpentine . lie lr * d taken that _celehrated-nicdi" "' BJair ' s Gout and Mieuinatip Pills ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 27, 1845, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_27121845/page/6/
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