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The folly of to-day be tho wis-which tho...
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K £.;iST£R: REGISTER! REGISTER ! liow ? :'-lished, and ready for circulation, by the National Election* axji Registration
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TO BE SOLD, TWO PAID-UP FOUR-ACRE SHARES...
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Co arormpon&fittg.
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J. Sn-nrr acknowledges the receipt of th...
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PUBLIC MEETING IN THE TOAYEE HAMLETS ON ...
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THE MUTISM STAB SATUKDAT, APRIL 28. 1849.
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THE LAND. "BE UP AXD DOING, AND TEE DAY ...
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THE SEA-BOUND DUNGEON. While commissione...
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PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW. The Navigation Bil...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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The Folly Of To-Day Be Tho Wis-Which Tho...
Y cm _» o - APBIL 28 , l » _4 y . 4 THE _wnBTffF _' STAR - _^ SJr- -= ¦ - -== » = - —— ——— - ~ -t- - — ----- - - - i
K £.;Ist£R: Register! Register ! Liow ? :'-Lished, And Ready For Circulation, By The National Election* Axji Registration
K £ . ; _iST £ R : REGISTER ! REGISTER ! _liow ? : ' _-lished , and ready for circulation , by the National Election * _axji Registration
Ad00409
¦ JOMM 1 ITER , A COMPLETE HAND BOOR AND ; _iIDE TO REGISTRATION , compiled from the Reform Act and other Parliamentary Papers , making the subject of Registration so plain and snuple , as to hring it within the capacity of all classes . . _PuMi-ihed b y James Watson , 3 , _Queen ' s _Ifeadpassag ? . Paternoster-row , London , and _seld by all oook « r ! k-rs in the United Kingdom . Price , only Thbee Pe . _xcb . Mavahobe had ofthe Secretary , Jambs _Ghassbt , 8 , _Xoah ' s Ark-court , Stangate , Lambeth .
Ad00411
the _enzAr--sT BDrnos eter _Tttiunso . Fries If . 6 _& , ¦ A nt ; vaad elegant edition , with Steel Hate of ths Author , _« f _PANE'S POLITICAL WORKS . Jfow Heed _/ , a New Edition of MR . n _CONNOR'S WORK ON SMALL FARMS . THE LABOURER MAGAZINE . Yds . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , may Btill be had , neatly iound . price 2 s . 6 d . each _> o . 4 , the Number containing Me . O'Ooxxob ' s " _Treatise on the _^ National Land Company j " Xo . i ' 1 . the one contiining Ha .- _O'Cossob ' _s Treatise " On ihe National Land and Labour Bank in _cc-n-oction with the Land Company : "Have- _isiilv heen reprinted , and may be had on application , Piicf Od . each . _Iini _^ _-Toctions of the ' Labourer Magaiine' may _stUl he "had at _•! -. ¦ : Publishers . In a neat Volume , Trice ls . Gd . " The Evidence taken by the Select _Committi-c of the House of Commons appointed toen _.-iiireinto the National Laud Company . " Tins Vi' ! ui n ~ i ought to he in the hands of _erery Member of tiie - . _' - : npany , as it strikinglj illustrate * the care and economy that hare been practised in the management of _tiis Fi . _, ~ df of die Company , and proves , beyond contradiction , ti' _-1 _rncticabilitj- of die Plan which the Company was _estabnVii-d to carry out . Just published , No . III . Price Sixpence , of THE COMMONWEALTH . •¦ TIT :. _COMMONWEALTH" _wiUbetlie Representative et the C-. artists , SodansU , and Trades' Unionists , in the _WontliSv _i'ress . _COSXEMTM : 1 . What is to be done with Ireland ! 2 . Tlie Weaver ' s Daughter . 3 . ' . " . itinetion of Pauperism . 4 . Popular Cause in Europe . 5 . Social Effects of Peasant Proprietorship . 6 . The Eero . 7 . Events ofthe Month . _2-KipoaT . a . _H-r publications . Proceedings of the National Convention , which assembled at London in April , 1848 . Thirty two very large and solid pages ; price oidy Three pence . The Trials of the Chartist Prisoners , Jones , PusspD , Williams , Vernon , & Looney . Twenty four very large and full pages : price onl y TIwu pence . Sold by J . -Watson , Queen's Head _Tassage , Paternosterrow , London ; A . Hey wood , Oldham-strcet , Xtauchester ; and Love aud Co ., S , Nelson-street , Glasgow . And by all BookseUers in Town and Country .
Ad00412
rOLITICAL _EMASCirATIOy . A PUBLIC MEETING JO . OFTHE J _^ _'IIABrrAXTS of tiie _toweiuiamlets WU 1 be held at the BKITISH SCHOOL ROOMS , COWPER-STH _. EET , ClTY-nOAD , Ox WEDNESDAY , MAY 2 nd , 1819 , For the purpose of considering the propriety of adopting " A Petition to Parliament in Support of the Principles of ihePeoiJe _' _sCharter- _'i GEORGE THOMPSON , ESQ ., M . P ., IS INVITED TO _PEEIIDE . The undermentioned Members of Parliament and Gentlemen are expected to attend : —Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., M . P . ; T . S . Duncombe , Esq ., M . P . ; Thos . Wakley , Esq ., "M . P . ; Chas . Lusuington , Esq ., M . P . ; Mr . Thomas Cooper ; George _Ilrooks , Esq . ; Mr . IS . O'Brien ; Mr . William Lovett ; Henry Vincent Esq . ; Mr . Walter Cooper ; Mr . A . B . Stev _.-ns ; Mr . Chas . Gilpin , and the Executive Committee of die Chartist Association . Chair to be taken at Half-past Seven o ' clock . —Reserved Seats fur Ladies .
Ad00413
CIIARTIST SILK FABRICS . MESSES . CLARK AND WARREN beg most respectfully to call the attention of the Democrats of Great lJritain to tlie following splendid assortment of }* eck and Pocket Handkerchiefs , Black Satin Vestpieces . Ludies' Chartist Coloured Satin and Tabby Dresspieces ; also a splendid assortment of Ladies' plain and ligured Xeck Ties , which have just come to hand from their -manufacturer at Macclesfield , aud it is their intention to forward them { carriage free ) to aU parts of Great Britain and Ireland at the following prices : — £ s . d . Ladies' Dress-pieces , fourteen -yards to the dress , 3 s . per yard .. . ' . -- .. 2 2 0 Gentlemen ' s Extra Strong Black Satin Vesting-, per Vest 0 10 0 Ditto , Xeckerchiefs , Rich Oporto Ducapes , riain and Plaided 0 5 C l * kto , ditto , Satin Ducapes , Plaided .. 0 5 0 _Tiitto , ditto , Sapoleon Blue Satin Brussels , Crimson Borders .. .. 0 4 C Ditto . ditto , Extra Bich Black Satin Turk , ileavv .. .. .. .. 0 4 3 Ditto , ditto , Black Brussels , Plain .. 0 4 0 Ditto , ditto , ditto , Tii-coloureu _Dorders .. .. .. .. 0 4 0 Ditto , ditto . Green Satin Ducapes , Tricoloured Borders .. .. • • . 0 4 0 Ditto . ditto , Turn-up Satin Brussels in great variety .. .. .. .. 0 3 6 Ditto , ditto , Kich Gala _Tlaids .. 0 3 6 Ditto , Pocket Handkerchiefs in great variety _, from * J » . Cd ., and upwards .. .. 0 2 6 ladies' Plain and Figured Keck Ties .. .. 0 18 All communications to be addressed to Mr . Tuo . _mas Claek , 1 « , High Holborn , London , to whom all Post-office orders must be scut made payable at tlie Bloomsbury l _' ostofiice . The trade supplied on advantageous terms . AU orders in town and country punctually attended to .
Ad00414
TO TAILORS . By approbation of Her Majesty Queen Victoria and His Royal Highness Priuce Albert Xow Read * .
Ad00415
INSTANT EASE—LASTING CURE . Price ls . per Packet BRANDE'S ENAMEL , FOR FILLING DECAYING TEETH , and RENDERING THEM SOUND AND PAINLESS , has , from its unquestionable excellence , obtained great popularitv at home and abroad . Its curative agency is based upon a TRUE THEORY of the cause of Tooth-Ache , and hence its great success . Bv most other remedies it 13 sought to kill thenerre and bo stop the pain . But to destroy the nerre is itself a verv | ainful _operabon , and oftenleadsto very sad consequences , lor the tooth then becomes a dead substance in _theUvin _» jaw , and produces the same amount of inflammatiori and pain as would result from any other forei gn bodv embedded in a living organ . BRANDE'S ENAMEL does not destroy -8 _£ _mT _* " _?' ' - by HEST < - _** _P-G THE SHELL OF THE TOOTH , completely protects the nerve from cold , heaf or chemical other
Ad00419
CIRCULATION—THIRTY-FIVE THOUSAND ! rp -H E FAMILY FRIE N D , JL A MO . _NinLV PERIODICAL , OKIVALLED LV CHEAPNESS , INTEREST , AND
Ad00418
TO BE SOW , \ PAID-UP FOUR-ACRE SHARE in XI tlie National Land Company , for £ 2 _lOsi ' All applications to be made to Joseph Sweetlove , at the National Land Office , 144 , High Holborn .
To Be Sold, Two Paid-Up Four-Acre Shares...
TO BE SOLD , TWO PAID-UP FOUR-ACRE SHARES in the National Land Company . Any reasonable offer will be accepted . Immediate application requested , at the parties are about io emigrate in a few days . Apply at Mr . Sturgeon , 27 , Willow-street , Paul-street ; Finsbury .
Co Arormpon&Fittg.
Co _arormpon & _fittg .
J. Sn-Nrr Acknowledges The Receipt Of Th...
J . _Sn-nrr acknowledges the receipt of the following snms for tlie Victim Fund ( sent herewith ) , viz .: —Mr , Knott , 3 d . ; Chipindale , Cd , ; from the Colonel Hutchinson , Ss . Kibkdau- Gaoi , April 23 rd , 1 S _49 . —Mr . Editor : —Please to announce to your readers that all future communications for the imprisoned Chartists at Kirkdale , near Liverpool , should be addressed for George White , James Leach , John West , or Daniel Donovan , as we are now in a yard to ourselves , and have no connexion whatever with any other parties . There is no need to go into any particulars . Our friends will oblige by acting on this announcement Yours truly , Geouoe White . Mr . P . _IUmsat , Granton Quay . —Received . Mr . _Mabsdeh , Holmfir th The notice would be chargeable as an advertisement . Mr . T . M'Lauchlaj _* . —You should have enclosed the advertisement duty . Kikkdale - ' rBisosEBs . — Thomas Ormesher lias received from Rochdale , per Mr . Baker , 10 s ; Crage -Vale ,, per John Smith , 6 s 9 d : Manchester , per W .- Roach ' s book , 2 s 2 d .
The Bradford Relief _Committee have received 10 s . from Bingley , being the proceeds of a lecture given by Mr . T . Shaw ; os . of this sum was given to Mr . Shaw for his expenses , but he kindly returned it for the wives and chUdren ofthe Bradford victims . The South Eastern Railway Compant . —We have received a communication winch states that from 200 to 300 hands have been discharged by the Company , but from the very vague manner in whieh the letter is written , we cannot state the particulars . Mr . J . Mitchell , _Jarrow . —All right .
Public Meeting In The Toayee Hamlets On ...
PUBLIC MEETING IN THE TOAYEE HAMLETS ON WEDNESDAY NEXT , THE 2 nd OF MAY .
Mt Friends , I shall have great pleasure in attending the meeting in the School-room , City-road , on Wednesday next , there to revive the old animal ; and I trust that the . huilding will ho crammed , to give me a good vapour hath ; and that the Government reporters , detectives , spies , and informers , will muster there in strong force ; and I also trust that my friends will appoint a judicious committee of
management , and a discreet chairman . I also hope that Thomas Cooper will attend , that we may shake hands upon the platform . And I now have to express an earnest hope that all Chartist squabbles are at an cud , and for over , and that our revived agitation will be characterised by prudence , firmness , and resolution , as , believe me , that no power on earth can save tbe working classes from the increasing power of capitalists , save and except a thorough union and perfect understanding amongst themselves .
I had an invitation to attend a meeting at Brighton on the same night ; but , as I am not like Sir BoyleRoacii _' s bird , and cannot be in two places at the same time , I must decline the invitation of my Brighton friends ; and I take this opportunity of thanking the _O'Connorville Dinner Committee for their invitation to me for the 1 st of May , in commemoration of their location ; but they must bear in mind , that upon that night Mr . Hume brings his motion forward for the " Quadruped , " and I could not be absent .
I am obliged to forego the publication of my trip to Paris , as well as my reply to Robert Owen , as well in consequence of the press upon the columns of the " Star" as upon my own time , every hour of which is , I assure you , occupied . I hope there will be a thundering meeting in the School-room in Cowper-street , on Wednesday , and that Cooper will be there . Your faithful Friend and Brother Chartist , Feargus O'Connor .
The Mutism Stab Satukdat, April 28. 1849.
THE MUTISM STAB _SATUKDAT , APRIL 28 . 1849 .
The Land. "Be Up Axd Doing, And Tee Day ...
THE LAND . "BE UP _AXD DOING , AND TEE DAY IS OUli OWN . " _^ Last week we congratulated our industrious followers upon the conversion of our dayscholar of Printing House-square to that policy which for years we have expounded , and to accomplish which , we have endeavoured to rally the industrious classes ; and it is our pride this week to adopt the maxim of our Sunday scholar of Fleet-street , which stands at the head of this article , and with which his commentary of last week is concluded . Not that our pupil is the inventor of the motto with wliich Ave have made our readers familiar , but because we are always ready and willing to pass over long and stolid ignorance , when truth is- ventilated through the most stupid brain .
As is our custom , when we comment upon the -writings and opinions of others , we lay those writings and opinions unmutilatod before our readers , in order that they may put their own and not our construction upon them ; and with that view we here submit the principal portion of the article in the « Dispatch " of last week which runs thus : — But tlie intellect and social progress of the English people have outlived a dispensation which was framed to govern serfs , vUlani and vassals . The upholding of the feudal theory in this Nineteenth Century is rapidly destroying the elements of our society . An hereditary aristocracy and the domination of great families are oidy practicable by perpetuating entail and primogeniture , by _concentrating
the territory of the empire in the hands of a fen noble houses , and by surrounding a selected _clasa with artificial political privileges abhorrent to the existing state of public opinion , aud incompatible with the prosperous condition of the great body ofthe nation . To uphold a territorial nobihty , we have systematically detached the masses ofthe people from that soil tlie property in which forms their guarantee for loyalty to the institutions of the country . We bare _xSoyeomen tilling their _o-vn farms . They are all eaten out of house and land that the name and family of _somefeud-d chief may . overshadow a whole district There are no small freeholders to maintain the political influence of the masses in the counties , which are handed over to the dependents of the great landholders . Farm after farm is consolidated—cottage after cottage is unroofed or pulled down Ireland
. AU is but a desert ; ruined , wrecked , swallowed up by the incubus of feudal predominance . Minister after Minister hai cobbled , and patched , and plastered . it in vain . Administration after Administration has been split upon this sunken rocli Protestant ascendancy , that impudent and brazen humbug , never meant anything else thanthe _maintjumn | of the British nobility in the dishonest plunder of Irish confiscated estates , and the portioning off their sons and sons-in-law upon the fat livings of a church w _^' , 0 tl _l- _^ Md _-i Ire _* _**» i _» neither more nor n _^ r _^& - O _-5 e t f r _^ leJie { * - * theological _^ _rZlV X he . be _° efitof aristocratic ineffectuality , and _« Wp _Sif _„^ _m _* _??!* •* _"Polish lords , " who are un-Dram _^ _m _^ _S - Vlngb j tte « erciseof their addled _tSetTnfc ? fha ™ fJ ° _<* Peoplecrowded and crammed butedor _£ _&^ T _. ndci _£ . eUara- we _wantthemdUtributed over the country to make it more productive , them
The Land. "Be Up Axd Doing, And Tee Day ...
selves more independent and _. _vu' _-uous , and the _masies mora contended . _Whajttops the way t Tlie . institution of a privilegedclass who can ouly maintain their ascendancy by crushing all the rest . We want ' a register for deeds , and a simple transfer of , and title to , land . Who hinders the attainment of that wliich is already in the possession of every , otiier civilised nation t The aristocracy , who would conceal their mortgages , and who would perpetuate the curse of a system of jurisprudence which feeds their younger sons and props ! their own frail power . We want men of business , thoroughly acquainted with the details of human affairs , to . manage the public estate . . Where is the hindrance ! It simply lies in this , that every public office is filled with the nobility aud their dependents , who , utterly uuac .
quamted with the management of business , have , in the Woods and Forests , in the estates of Koyal duchies , in the Admiralty , Ordnance , and fiscal departments , displayed such utter incompetency and such criminal neglect of duty , or downright corruption , that there is-scarcely-a single transaction in which they have officiated which lias not ended in a . heavy loss to the nation . ' Our foreign relations and embassies , our colonies , are almost under __ the exclusive management of the nobility . To what one diplomatic ot colonial _tvausaction _cmwtc tam vfitnowt sVmme aud disgust at the contrast it presents to the official aptitude of the untitled agents of the American Republic ! Look at a whole island , the most fertile and the most favourably located in the world , whose inhabitants have been made
paupers by the nobilitjr , and maintained with the hard earnings of the English people—a kingdom depopulated of its subjects , aud left almost _'tenantless to its lordly proprietary . If we have rebuked the insane violence , of Irish rebeUion—if we hare denounced the irrational and disloyal treason of Chartist leaders—if we have , above the Babel noise of conspiracy , disorder , aud rapine , raised the warning voice of peace , law , aiiuorucr ~ ifwehaTe maintained the ascendancy of constituted authority , and stood by the established foundations of thc Constitution , it is not because we have been less persuaded of the necessity of lawful eftbrts to reform abuses , and a peacehu , intelligent , and orderl y agitation for organic change . The aristocracy are even now preparing for a great coup d ' etat . They think that a
_maionty in the House of Commons ia a converted public opinion , and that if they can secure the predominance of votes , they can do without . the suffrage of the nation . They ' aro to turn the Ministry out , not because they do not { TO for enough , but because they go too far ; and it now becomes essential that they should be taught a lesson which they never can forget . The Jews must emancipate : themselvesthe Dissenters must work out their own- political salvation —the . Irish , to be free , must , with their , own hands , strike off their fetters—the Vree Traders , and _i'inancial ifeformers , to hold their own , and make . head-way , _musbgive " war for war , controlment forcontrolment . " Combirie these forces / and who can resist them ? Let them fail to bind themselves together , aud they will be broken one by one , like the hundlc of sticks . Be up and doing , and thu day ' s our own . ,
The above , taken as a whole , furnishes the strongest justification for popular _agitation , which has merged into Chartist agitation , and we rejoice in the conversion of our former opponent . Meanwhile , for the instruction of our own readers , disciples and pupils , we must anal y se those passages which aro most striking and conclusive , and we may say exculpatoryif not commendatory of Chartist enthusiasm;—nay , even of Chartist violence . Our pupil , anxious to float with the middleclass current , propounds , advocates , and supports our every social and political principle ; while , fearful of insulting the tender feelings of that order , he would make Irish rebellion and Chartist violence , the cause—instead _' of the effect—of aristocratic misrule , and middle-class monopoly .
Howbeit , as Home was hot built in a day , and as every beginning is weak , \ a _$# ' as old prejudices must be rooted -out _befoi'p sound knowledge can be inculcated , we hail-the conversion of this pupil of our Sunday-school , as last week we rejoiced in the conversion of our day-scholar of Printing . House-square . It would not do to denounce feudal and aristocratic misrule , without throwing out a bait to that aggregated power and intelligence by which alone they . can be destroyed ; while—as is the case with all political writers , ' our pupil broadly hints that it is to bo done for the people and not by them ; while our motto has been —and is—* ' Whatever is done for tlio people , must be done by THE PEOPLE . "
True , Jews , Dissenters , Irish , Free Traders , and Financial Reformers may present a bold front , and an overpowering phalanx , against the undisciplined and disunited feudal and aristocratic army ; but let it be remembered , that tho battle is to be fought not by thu skeletons , but by thc ranks , and that the representatives of Jews , Dissenters , Irish , Free Traders , and Financial Reformers , who would contend not for general or even class equality , but for an equally destructive class superiority and preeminence , are but the skeletons ;' whilo the people—who would be equally oppressed under their rule , if not enfranchised and free—compose the body , the main army—who , if the thing is to be done , must do it for themselves .
Far be it from us to 4 reat the conversion of our bitterest opponents , either socially , politically , or religiously , with sarcasm , illnature , or harshness ; upon the contrary , seeing the indispensable necessity of union , as the only means of accomplishing true Democratic liberty , we seek no apology for past errors— 'no reparation for the manifold injustices we have received at their hands ; and if , after sudden conversion , they have not the grace to ask forgiveness , we freely grant them absolution , on the condition that they will ¦¦ go and err no moire . " As is our custom , we shall now analyse the salient points of our pupil's "Thome . " He says , firstly ,
" But the intellect and social progress of thc English people have outlived a dispensation wliich was framed to govern serfs , viKani and vassals . " True , good child . The English mind has emancipated itself from all such thraldom , and it has _passed , from the Press of bondage to the . Press of freedom ; but , good child , do you give your tutors and instructors no credit for nationalising that for wliich you , and qui * other nowreformed pupils , were in the habit of sectionalising , and thus rendering inoperative , whileupon its very weakness , was established that feudal and aristocratic system' of which you
now so prudently and justly complain ? And are you not aware , good child , that until wo established that Memoria Tecnica , by which we familiarised you and others with tho injustice and folly of governing a civilised people by barbarous laws and institutions , that the public mind and feeling of this great country was sectionalised and divided , and capable of being marshalled within a very limited area of agitation , and roused tomadness upon a li ighway Bill , a Turnpike Bill , a parochial dissatisfaction , or village squabble ? Are you not aware that
the large towns of Scotland—yea , of England and Wales—were only known to those of other districts by name ? That no identity of feeling existed—that no identity of interest was inculcated—until we , seeing ihat . disunion was strength , and that if the feudal aiid aristocratic system of barbarism was to be . destroyed for the people , it must " be destroyed by the people , and not whimsically transferred from its present representatives to Jews , Dissenters , Irish , Free Traders , and Financial Reformers , and , therefore , we told the people to BE UP AND
DOING , andtheDAY WOULD BE THEIR OWN . Secondly , our Sunday-scholar , not to be outbid by our day-scholar , launches into a most eulogistic commentary upon the sub-division of the soil , which , doubtless , every reviler of the much reviled Land Plan will read with sorrow and dismay , while every member of that noble institution will peruse it with surpassing pride . He says : —
i i I _il d a temt ° " _mobility ; we have systematically detached the masses of thepeople from tliatsoilfhepropcrtj in which forms theirguarantee for loyalty to the institutions of the country . We have no yeomen tilling their own farms . They are all eaten out of house and land that the name and family of some feudal chief may overshadow a whole district There are no small freeholders to maintain _Uie political influence ofthe masses in the counties , whieh are handed over to the dependents ofthe great landholders . Farm after farm is corisolidated- _^ _cottage after cottage is unroofed or pulled down . "
Meantime , it . becomes our duty to point out the sli ght error into which our Sunday-scholar has fallen , when he makes -the possession of count y freeholds the prbnuhent' feature of the Land Plan . Here , again , with Jews , Dissenters , Irish , Free Traders , and Financial _informers , as the skeleton of the reforming " ¦ my , he altogether loses si ght of the body of the army , who , if in / _possession of the land to that extent which . wou | d * make them independent of the -skeleton , :, would . have gained the victory _^ and reaped the fruits themselves while , if they rely merely upon the predominant legislation of these five classes , the veritable workers would then be subject to five masters instead of one , and each as griping and more griping than the one to whose injustice they are now subjected—and , there-
The Land. "Be Up Axd Doing, And Tee Day ...
fore ,- _^ counsel the people to look iOT the _possessor-, not of a sufficient amount of land merely to establish tlie political ascendancy of those five classes , but for a sufficient amount to make all independent of all classes , so that Jews , Dissenters , IriBh , Free Traders , and Financial Reformers may fraternise together , each being his own _producer and his own consumer ; independent of Free Trade , the Navigation Laws , and Financial Reform ; requiring no Rate in Aid to sustain life—requiring no butchers to preserve peace—and independent of the legislation of monopolists , who create wholesale destitution , starvation , and death , by the inability of the consumer to eheck th © monopolof the retail dealer in his food .
y Good child , the small freeholders that would maintain t he political influence , not of the masses , but of the money lords , would then become substitutes for the feudal lords , as it is evident , although obliged to grasp at the general principle , you would confine the application ofthe soil to the more establishment of a rural constituency , sufficiently powerful to create a middle class labour-trafficking ascendancy ;
while we go further than the mere creation of thc middle class balance of power , we go io the extent of locating every surplus hand , made surp lus by new inventions , restricted markets , foreign competition , and European revolutions , upon the laud of their birth ; thus saving the industrious classes over twenty millions a-year m poor laws , military and police establishments , and _Quibbling litigation .
We say the industrious , because were it not for . industry the feudal lords would live upon grass or perish , and the cotton lords would not even have a meal of raw cotton , as without the application of industry they could not purchase the raw material ; while , upon the other hand , if the Land were legitimatel y a pp lied to its natural purposes , the property of the landlords would be increased , tho markets ofthe cotton lords would be extended , and the national resources of the country would be cultivated by the standard of nat ional requirement , and this
will be accomplished when the people are up and doing , and then the day will be their own . But , good child , why , in developing thoso great principles , or , rather , foreshadowing them , did you not apologise for your incessant and unmitigated abuse of the Land Company ? Were you fearful lest its members should not be susceptible to the " soft impeachment" of the Jews , Dissenters , Irish , Free Traders , and Financial Reformers , for whose elevation to political power , we fear , though not bold enough to admit it , you have ventured upon the advocacy of our system ?
Good child ! Thanks—a thousand thanks —yea , a million thanks—for the following noble-minded , although not orig inal , passage . You say : — "In place of having our people crowded and crammed together in huge towns and city cellars , wo want them distributed over the country to make it more productive , themselves more independent and healthy , and virtuous , and the masses more contented . " What , then , most welcome convert—most
precocious pupil—have you tasted the foetid atmosphere of our large towns and unhealthy cellars ? Have you beheld the attenuated frames of tho artificial serf , the depraved habits of the ornaments of the world—women ? the emaciated bodies , twisted limbs , and distorted features of the little younglings , who are consigned to those largo towns and loathsome collars ? and have you come to the conclusion that the cultivation of the soil would be a
more profitable employment , and the country air a more healthy atmosphere ? But when next you behold these revolting groups of impoverished Christians , bear in mind the Jews , Free Traders , and Financial Reformers have coined the man ' s sweat , the woman ' s virtue , and the child's gristle into gold , and that they live luxuriously ; while the creators of that gold pine away , and lead a lingering and tortured life , and are prematurely consigned to the cold grave , for want of the proper application of the Land ,- whieh is God ' s gift to man : and have you now discovered that the vegetables you eat , and the moat you consume , are produced by the Land , and not under the huxter ' s stall or the butcher's block ?
We pardon you for having adopted our words , a thousand times printed ; and we ask you , for the one thousandth time , to show us twenty acres of land in all England cultivated to one ' -fifth part of its capability of yielding ; whilst—strange anomaly—we are looking for the produce of other Lands , not upon the Christian principle of humanity , but upon the Free . Trade principle of monopoly ; as those who traffic in labour are conscious that it can be most easily procured—and at the cheapest rate—from an impoverished and dependent Labour class , who will yet be up and doing , and the day will be then their own . Again , our pupil concludes with a most striking passage . He says . _* —
" If we have rebuked the insane violence of Irish rebellion —if we have denounced the irrational and disloyal treason of Chartist leaders—if we have , above thc Babal noise of conspiracy , disorder , and rapine , raised the warning voice of peace , " law , . and order—if we liave maintained the ascendancy : of constituted authority , and stood by the established foundations of the Constitution , it is not because we have been less persuaded of the necessity of lawful efforts to reform abuses , and a peaceful , intelligent , and orderly agitation for organic change . "
Alas ! with what strange facilities magicians convert pigmies into giants , or mountains into mole-hills . Hoiv well we remember the profound sarcasm with which our pupil treated the pigmy Irish rebellion , which his constitutional ardour has now charmed into a martial giant . Falstaff ' s men in buckram were no parallel to his original denunciation , while his fervid imagination is now wrought upon by Free Trade necessity . And then the molehill of Chartist revolution is nursed to mountain size ; while the very article—a portion only of wliich we have extracted—would have
justified Irish rebellion , and English revolution , if anything could justi fy the act . But what is it that thus haunts the genius , and frets the mind of our converted pupil ? It is the conviction that neither Jews , Dissenters , Irish , Free Traders , nor Financial Reformers can now , as of yore , urge the united Chartists of England on to madness when their struggle requires Chartist co-operation , or soothe them down to mean- and subservient sycophancy , when their enthusiasm has transferred landlord feudal power to cotton-lord political monopolv .
So much for our head pupil of Fleet-street ; and now a word on . the letter of our friend " Caustic , " who has also written , in the same number ofthe " Dispatch , " most enthusiastically upon the Land Plan . We would remind our friend that he lives in the age of reason aud quick progress , and would , therefore , point out the error of basing hope of location upon the new plan , at so distant a period as twenty-five or twenty-seven years . But to use
our friend s words . Ho says : — "If he is a young man , for a home in middle age ; if a middle-aged man , _forariielter when he has left off work j if an old man , for a legacy to those whom he then cares more about than himself—for his children . If he is _unfortunate , and cannot continue his payments , his money is not lost to Mm or his . He may have it hack on due notice , without interest , and he serves the society by leaving it , since that use of it has advanced their progress , and he claims none of the reward . "
Now , our answer to tho aboveis , " Live horse and you'll get grass ; " while we much doubt if our friend ' s love of posterity will , in anywise , induce him to abridge . his present comforts , in order that his successors—whether children , or grandchildren—should reap tho reward of his frugality . In conclusion , we rejoice in the conversion of our Sunday-scholar , and no doubt the article upon which we comment is but th © text of many long sermons yet to be preached npon the COBDEN-SCHOLEFIELD
FREEDOM FOR THE MILLION'S plan , and to the success of which we shall cheerfully contribute , not forgetting to remind our pupil of the slander we received at his hands for _attempting to convert a civilised class of town-inhabitants and cellar-occupants into RURAL RUSTIC SAVAGES . How
The Land. "Be Up Axd Doing, And Tee Day ...
ever , as - - The folly of to-day may be tho wisdom ofthe morrow , " we rejoice tbat our folly has imparted wisdom to our pupil , and we assure the working classes that nothing short of the application ofthe soil to the _sustainment of those who have been made an artificially surplus population will ever lead to Irish peace , to Chartist tranquillity , and national happiness ; and that nothing will ever accomplish such an appropriation ofthe land but tho adoption of + / ,. <¦ ! * v mav lm rim wis .
THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER ; and , therefore , we conclude in our own words , adopted by our own pupil , " Let the people be up and doing and the day is their own ;" but they must be up and doing for themselves , and not merely for Jews , Dissenters , Irish , Free Traders , and Financial Reformers .
The Sea-Bound Dungeon. While Commissione...
THE SEA-BOUND DUNGEON . While commissioners , placemen , pensioners , stipendiary magistrates , soldiers , policemen , spies , detectives , informers , gaolers , turnkeys , masters oi" workhouses , lawyers , captains and crews of transport vessels are making merchandise and living luxuriously upon Irish destitution famine , and death , the representatives of that sea-bound dungeon are squabbling , like Kilkenny cats , as to the mode of raising the paltry pittance of _£ 250 , 000 a-year , for two years , to preserve the lives of those by whoso unwilling idleness , unnatural subserviency , and dependence , famine , starvation , and death have been engendered . The Irish squabble in the House of Commons has assumed the tone
and character of a Protection and Tree Trade Controversy . The landlords , unwilling .. to contribute the smallest modicum to the reparation of their own wasteful and unproductive management , contend for an Income Tax ; ¦ while the traders , merchants , and shopkeepers support a sixpenny Rate in Aid , not upon principle , but as the means of relieving themselves from taxation : while the Government sit tamely by , holding the balance of power based , as ever , upon Irish dissension and
dis-. What Englishman , or what Irishman in England , can read the following heart-rending scenes of misery and suffering in a land—according to the true admission of Mr . Brightcapable of sustaining double its population , without coming to the irresistible and inevitable conclusion , that with the Government or with the L'ish landlords—or with both—the crime of death has ori g inated and the perpetuation of national misery fostered ? Does the sole duty of a Government consist in extracting an Exchequer out of the weak and disunited millions , to uphold a military establishment and police _foi'ce , for the sustaining the idle sons of a bloated aristocracy upon the old feudal system ?
Here follows the picture of Ireland , not drawn by an interested demagogue , l > y a Catholic priest , or a political journalist , but by a Clergyman of the Established Church , and addressed to the Prime Minister of England , the representative of the head of that Church : — __ ' The Famine . —The most afflicting accounts of the condition of the western districts are daily received . AU classes arc suffering dreadful privations—the poor are perishing in numbers , whilst those who had struggled against adversity , up to this time , are on the gulf of bankruptcy . ' The Rev . James Anderson , rector and vicar of Ballinrobe , and Protestant chaplain of the Ballinrobe _workhouse , has addressed a letter to Lord John Russell , de . scribing the horrible scenes which he is hourly compelled to witness .
"Can it be possible" says the reverend gentleman , " that we are to be left to die , and be lost wholesale in this truly wretched country « Here now the cholera has reached us , and no wonder , for really language cannot express the deplorable condition we are in . We liave a workhouse built but for 800 ; how often do I find over 2 , 000 stuffed into it ? Besides this , the auxiliary establishments , temporarily got up , are crowded to a frightful excess ; the paupers , of course , dying in awful numbers , and even on the public roads at noon-day . In fact , death has hurried multitudes away who mighthavu been saved had small timely aid been aft ' orded , and his _disnstrous work still progresses with increasing power . For a year and more the workhouse hos .
_pitiil and fever sheds have been crammed to overflowing with patients . I myself , a few days since , saw in one bed ( five feet three inches wide ) ten large children , five being , I may say , the common complement . Hence hundreds of persons lives are being continually victimised , and their places again filled up in quick succession with fresh candidates for the grave , while the nurses and officials are all down in their turn , Misery is thus concentrated , as it were , in the workhouse , but , alas ! it is widely spread , and spreading faster and wider than ever , aU over the country in every shape and circumstance ! I beseech you , my lord , that you will find out what is to be done , as something must , and that speedily . Your lordship may perhaps say , * Why not get in the rates and feed and clothe the people \ Tut all the medical aid and appliances
m requisition—strike new and higher rates—multiply auxiliaries , ic . In God's name , let us have no such mockery now , for the country itself is bankrupt—the lands are wasted—the proprietors ruined—no rents coming in , and the better classes all flitting to other regions . Surely , my lord , if things proceed in this calamitous way we shall only find a parallel to our own case in the plagues of Egypt !" ' The vice-guardians are acquitted of all blame by the Kev . Mr . Anderson , for they labour to their utmost from morning to night . The tax-collectors are in hopeless arrear ; for , after the most perilous exertion their books show a deficiency of £ 7 , 000 . Some of the creditors of tho union , who cannot obtain payment for the supplies already furnished , are themselves on the brink of starvation . '
The Jiayo Constitution , received this morning , says" During the Quarter Sessions at Westport we witnessed a scene which we believed no state of miser ; - or suffering could liave brought about . It was that of hearing seventeen unfortunate creatures , convicted of various crimes , imploring the Court to trtusport them from their native country , a 6 their only refuge from the horrors of death from hunger . " The average deaths in the poorhouses of Westport are set downa _' t 100 per week . ' The following is an extract of a letter from Ballinrobe : — " On Monday , the 16 th inst ., I regret to inform you , a case of cholera occurred in the workhouse here , which proved fatal ; since then it has raged through the town most fearfully ; few ( if any ) once attacked , hare recovered . The mortality in the workhouse is awful . What with fever , dysentery , and cholera , the people are dying like rotten sheep . "
Englishmen—Englishwomen—what think you of the above picture ? Have you read it without being moved to tears ? Can you contemplate upon it without being roused to desperation ? To those who have originated , encouraged , and fostered such a state of things , we would say , — " Stand on the brink of it , dissolute man ; Think of it—drink of it—then , if you can . " How can Ministers go to tho Treasury upon Qnarter-day ? How can they reconcile to
themselves thc monthly payment of murdering soldiers and bloated bludgeon-men ? By what rule of right do they preserve the income of parsons , and the salaries of ofticials , according to that standard at which peace and plenty established them , in the midst of such -weeping , and wailing , and gnashing of teeth—and that in a country for centuries subject to British rule , and for forty-nine years subject to exclusive British dominion ? What say you now to your Tooting Tragedy , when you hear
of TEN LARGE CHILDREN being huddled together in a bed five feet three inches wide , or six inches allowed for each child ? Does it not call to your recollection that passage in the old play , where the _Trince says to the assassins _i—
"My GOOD RUFFIANS , what ' s your demand for killing two small children ?" Can you not imagine an official saying to an underling : — " My good Ruffian , what ' s your demand for killing TEN LARGE CHILDREN ? " Would it be possible to draw a more horrifying picture than is furnished in the above accounts of Ireland ? Think of seventeen men , whose virtues have been
thwarted into vices by misgovernment , asking —nay , imploring—as a boon , to he transported from their native country , while the land of their birth is loudl y demanding the application of their industry . And think of many hours of the time of the House of Commons being spent in conveying a vote of thanks to Lord Gough and his army , for the massacre of men called rebels for boldly defending their country against the invasion of usurpers .
Ireland is trul y a sea-hound dungeon ; and let _ua now see if we cannot trace , if not the origin , at least the frightful augmentation , of Irish poverty , from its prime and original source—the deprivation of the people of their land . When it was necessary to carry Emancipation for the aggrandisement of a few leading Catholics , the measure was only granted upon condition that the Forty Shillings Franchise , _hould ho _destroyecl , and the result of
The Sea-Bound Dungeon. While Commissione...
which was , tho ejectment offrom three to four hundred thousand _families , at that time con - stituting more than a-fourtli ofthe population , when they ceased to be political engines in the hands of their taskmakers . These small holdings were knocked into large farms , the hovels , in most instances built by the serf * themselves , were levelled to the ground . " The blackness of ashes then marked where they stood , While the wild mother screamed o ' er her faou ' shing brood . " _tiri _,,- nii _nmo tha _< - > h * i ? tment of from three to four
No compensation was given to the serfs for the improvement of their holdings , and they constituted the basis of a great pauper population . Thousands—yea ,, hundieds of thousandsdriven from their homes , fled to Saxon land , there to compete with the Englishman in the British labour market—the fact wliich has reduced the amount of English wages by over thirty millions a-year , or more than would pay for Army , Navy , Ordnance , and Church Establishment . But yet not an influential voice was raised against this atrocity , because tho se who trade in the industry of others realise fortunes by this destructive competition .
Next came the Reform Bill , when a ten pounds interest in a fourteen year * ' lease was established as the lowest standard for the rural franchise ; and the landlords , again hoping to make merchandise of their serfs , made lease * of small farms for fourteen years : but the term having expired in 1847 , and the landlords not being able to coerce that class of tenants , ejected them ; and hence has th ' iB second class of paupers been created . The occupants preferring—and naturally—to emigrate to some foreign land , rather than remain at home to endure torture , and finish their existence by starvation .
Hence we show , indisputably , that the mismanagement of the Land in Ireland has led to the misgovernment of Ireland—to the poverty of Ireland—and to the murder of tho Irish people ; -while it has tended to debase the English character , and to depress the English labour market . Ireland is now coerced ; tho Gaoler-General is the great magician who holds that impoverished country in servile thraldom . But let us appeal to the sense of feeling of their
Irish brethren , having a little more liberty in Saxon land . And shall wo appeal in vain , when Ave ask them to aid their countrymen , by their yet comparativel y free voices ? and to get up such an agitation in Saxon land for the Repeal of the Union and Real Justice to Ireland , as will compel tho haughty oppressor to bend his proud neck ? How often have we told the Free Trade cormorants , that Ireland , if properly governed , with her land productively cultivated , and her people productively employed , would be a better market for English
manufactures than those numerous colonies which are now upheld at such a frightful expense , and attended with such insignificant profit . In the long run , self-interest—if not justice—will open the eyes of all parties , and then we shall hope to see the Green Islo independent of English misrule ; when tho Irish people will prove that they are neither assassins , robbers , vagabonds , nor idlers , but will furnish the world with an example of industry and self reliance .
Parliamentary Review. The Navigation Bil...
PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW . The Navigation Bill has at last passed through tho Commons , and stands for debate in the _Lorda on Monday next . What its fate may he there is yet doubtful . The majority Ly which it was finally carried in the Lower Ilou . * had not increased . The Protectionist party mustered as strongly as they did upon the second reading , and , as far as numbers go , thc _Peera have a fair excuse for throwing out so important a measure , which has obtained such a narrow majority . The only question is ,
whether Lord Stanley and his party are prepared to take the consequences of a successful hostile demonstration ; namely , the resignation of the present Government , and their own advancement to power , with all its responsibility and difficulties . Lord Stanley has been not inappropriately called the Eupert or Musat of political life . He is a l > old , dashing , impetuous , and impulsive leader . It may be doubted , however , whether his discretion is equal to his intrepidity , ai * d hence , as far as his individual character and feelings are
concerned , we believe that he would face the cares of office without fear ofthe combination of antagonists against whom hewould have to contend , was it three times as strong as it will be , It is not , however , from his opponents—though these would include Peelites , Whigs , and Free Traders—that he has most to dread , should he take office . He would be deficient of what is most essential to a working Government , namely —men accustomed to the practical
administration of public business . Peel has carried oil all the practical executive talent of tlio party ; and , however able Disraeli may be as a rhetorician , he has yet to show that he possesses administrative ability . With the exception ot Mr . Herries , the Protectionist ranks possess scarcely one man experienced in thc actual management of public affairs ; and , under these circumstance , even if Lord Stanley should gain a victory , the formation of a Government would be a matter of infinite
difficulty ; and , if formed , its duration wou ld be exceedingly brief . A General Election , upon some broad and intelligible principle , is the only method by which the present comp lication of parties can be unravelled , and a Ministry which possesses the confidence at least of a majority ofthe Electoral body , andof the Members returned b y it , will alone be able to cany on the business of the country . At present it is at a standstill , because parties mutually
check-mate each other ; and thc Cabinet is prevented from falling to pieces , not because of any cohesive power in itself ; but by the mere pressure upon it of opposing parties from without . It is said that Stanley is beating up for proxies , and intends to show fig ht in earnest . We hope he will . Anything is preferable to the present state of things , and if his policy has the effect of giving a vigorous and capable Administration to the country , no matter ho * that may be obtained , his countrymen will be
indebted to him . The debate on the third reading , in the Colli ' mons , was of a much higher , more earnest , and more interesting character than any that ha * taken place this session . Nearly all tinspeakers were men of note , and all- spoke w for their respective parties . Mr . WalpolK ' speech contained an admirably reasoned aiw abl y expressed resume of the arguments on the Protectionist side oi" the question . S _' James Graham , who speaks but seldom , but -who , when he does , is listened to with universa respect and attention , gave an equally po * 01 *'
tnl and eloquent exposition of the Free _ir- " _* policy ; and Mr . Disraeli closed the debat with one of the happiest and most power "" _» ' dresses he ever made in the House . ¦* , James fairl y threw down the gauntlet to _i ° Stanley and the Protectionists , on the 9 " _^ tion of reaction and retrogression toward . _^ Protectionist policy . These two » , 1 C 1 _^ . allies are henceforward determined _opponW _y On the first iht of the Session Sx _*> J ui mail umub ui _wiu
ng u »; um _«»» ' _. _jou frankly declared that he adhered to P * _- _™* J _^ and would attempt reaction . Graham- Monday night , quoted tins intrepid d _^ _* JJjc * , and met it by a counter-statement , m _' _^ he as openl _y and uncompromisingly " ° _^ stand on this ground—opposition to _roat and support of progress .- ' The two pj _^ are fairly pitted against each other , _»» _jy natural cause of events , in future , will s Pj _^ thorn wStVi _n-m-nlo Tn _. _tnrinlfl fnr freflU _* -r _^ a
tests . In the meantime , while _t ' _" nd , Traders resolutely maintain their g » , ; . their tone has somewhat _lowered lts " _* t _^ ej ness—their promises aw less g lowing tw » _^ were of yore . Instead of pointing _J » _.-, _uUatioa to _flw realiwtion of the _ww- " _*
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 28, 1849, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_28041849/page/4/
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