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' 'J ' ' login ^^^B^Umu-m:^baS^ of wonld...
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, GERMAN LIBERTY. Latterly all eyes have...
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O'CONNOR DEFENCE FUND. The response to o...
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MONIES " RECEIVED For ins Week Ending Th...
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WINDING-UP OF THE LAND COMPANY.. - .<,-:...
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FOR THE HUNGARIAN AND POLISH REFUGEES. R...
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- -' DrbADFUt ' Supferino " op " a * Boa...
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OP : UNITED TRADES....
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cot ton spiers if America; i;,Zj - ha l ...
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THE SHIPWRIGHTS OP THE TYNE AND THEIR EM...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Would-Be Railway Slaveowners. 1 There Is...
login _^^^ B _^ _Umu-m : _^ baS sod _wotw : ° P _^ _omi of Co-operative Stores _, and shoving tho immediate pecuniary advanl _tages ' iPy conferred npon their subscribers , Jfr . _Nf _* continued : — Ther _was , however , this farther advantage ? in _Oiese _. _' _-HJPeratrfe Stores , tbat the successful developeB ' 11 _'')* the system would give those associated the _, ower of [ employing any . _peraon they pleased . _SHie would , in fact , xreate a market of their own , anj _migat supply it from what source they thought * jH _* er . This had been already done to some extent J the establishment of several working men ' s _asgelations , such as that of the shoemakers in Hoi
. . H > rn . All teat was wanted for . such an _establishment was customers . The developement of these _stores would supply them . They need not stop at ehoes . Clothes , furniture-all the articles , in fact they were in the habit of daily using—might be supplied in tbe same manner ; and thus , in proporfcoa asi the system , extended , the working classes would become their own producers and distributors Here , then , he thought , were tbe means through _-wtocn , by simply turning into a new channel the present resources ofthe working classes , tbey could « ffect a great and practical improvement in their ? own condition . - ¦ * .
It will require , of course , great care in the _vorking out ofthe details of these plans ; and A _? e must again repeat , that no time or exertions ought to be grudged for the purpose of procuring an amendment ofthe lawsof partnership as affecting such associations . If this yere once secured , there is nothing whatever in their nature or scope that should prevent them from realising aU , and more than their most sanguine promoters now anticipate . We _aee , indeed , no reason why , in the course of their developement , they should not create for themselves a new currency , to represent the new wealth created and exchanged amongst
themselves—nor why , in due time , the working men ' s associations should not remove out of towns , and ply their labours either on lease-• hold or freehold estates , in the midst of superior sanitary , domestic , and industrial arrangements . In these days of railways , the products of their industry could be cheaply and speedily conveyed to the marts they were intended 'for , and the possession of farms , 'which could supply at least a portion of the provisions required by the co-operators , would < jja so stable a foundation for the whole as ¦ w ould enable it to defy almost any possible amount of external opposition .
It would be easy to dilate on the glorious prospect thus opened np of the emancipation and elevation of tha suffering and toiling millions , but we refrain . It is sufficient for us to bave shown , on this -occasion , that they have to a large extent the means in their' own iiands , and to record with ' pleasure the fact , that a portion of them , at least , are beginning to inow , appreciate , arid rightly employ these means . Our best wishes are with them ; and , to the . extent of our humble powers , we shall feel proud to aid those who thus set their < Swn shoulders to the wheel , and manfully _labour at the task of self-improvement and universal amelioration .
' 'J ' ' Login ^^^B^Umu-M:^Bas^ Of Wonld...
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, German Liberty. Latterly All Eyes Have...
_, _GERMAN LIBERTY . Latterly all eyes have been turned to Germany , the focus of the abstract -thought of the world , as the spot where liberty was * to receive the next practical developement . To those . who were easy of belief , this expectation seemed all the better founded , because they thought that in Prussia they had found that rarest of rare things—a liberal king ; but the more experienced and thoughtful did not yield too implicit a confidence , because past years
had taught them something ofthe vacillating , _xuutable character of Frederick William , and-because aU history told them how- unlikely it was that any king would actively advance the cause of freedom . That _credulonsness which simplicity yields to the professions of men , whether they be or be not kings , may be a sign of an honest , open , and candid mind , and so far estimable ; but it is a very bad defence in this wicked world of ours . The millennium has not yet arrived . Kings and statesmen are as fond of power , and warriors as devoted worshippers of glory , as
ever . "We must be " cunning as serpents , " as well as " mild u ' _dores , " while trick , artifice , and subterfuge , spread everywhere around us , and entangle us in their meshes ; and it would he about as wise as for sheep to believe in the professions of the welf , and his assertion that he had repented of his carnivorous propensities , and made his resolution to lead a new and bloodless life for the future , and to admit him into their fold , as it would "be for the peoples of the earth to put faith in the amateur liberalism of kings , possessing a thirst for larger dominion , and desirous of
-despotic authority . " Experience , " it is said " makes fools wise ; " and the German people must be worse than ' fools even , if the experience they have had does not teach them that they must wm that liberty for themselves which kings will never give them . " - The exp lanation of all that has occurred in Germany is to be found in a few words . There are really only two powers there , Austria and Prussia , the smaller states being as helpless and dependent upon them for their ¦ very existence as old coats and hats upon the _peffs provided for their support Were it not that there is always a great blustering bully
ready to step in , stripped for fighting , to protect the little p rincelets in their despotic authority over a peop le burning to be free , _UepuHicanism would ere this have tanmphed , ina German unity be a great and splendid reality instead of a misty vision . These two creat powers . are enemies against each other , because they both aspire to supreme _influence ; but they are also friends , because ihey are both op 6 sed to that liberty and those liberal institutions , which would give the death blow to their own authority , and when the people are striving for their own rights , the bond which draws Prussia and Austria together is stronger than the ambition which
divides them . # _, . ¦• . Keeping this explanati on in view , the clue to guide us through the »*&* _**»« German politics is apparent . When the _re-™ Sna _£ spirit , _lighted up by the success _^ f the French Revolution , _spread _Jj _^ _JJ _*" _niny-when thrones tottered _andtogsfled-Xn it seemed as though the day of _judgment for kingcraft had dawned upon the _Wd-wh _^ the heart of Italy beat _asthough hovered over _Hnngary-when _Viemnvwum the hands of the people , and the troops were
ordered to give up the castody oi _^ _££ . "" citizens , thin the versatile king of ¦ Prussia , who always seeks to swim with the _stream , mounted the German tricolor , acted the part of a red-hot patriot for the time , and strove Ins best to take advantage of a movement , which he though _^ if properly managed , would _fa-ush the rival power of Austria , and make the Duchies rebelled against Denmark , or is not the
V * th " p r—for " rebelled" proper Wd _^ rose toassert theirconstitoti onal r ights , helenfthem the assistanc e of Prussian arms , _5 nd _bou ght thus to gain ajbotmg m those 1 Sri misht hereafter have given parts _T * J _* _« g ; _fcfluence . When the a free people , _» e woi" _WlL . _^^^ _L _^ _SS t bauble , the _Im-Srid _Swn _whKeS within his grasp ; F _3 S _. _^^ _ISrwasnot temptingenongh--
, German Liberty. Latterly All Eyes Have...
_^ _wonldnothave _been _atayedtiirtijajnaBBeBhad become fte arbitewof their own destiny . The effort boded no good for the right of governing Wi ? . _^ too directl y to the opposite nghtof being well governed . It was too fearfula stakefor the _vacillating , unstable , Frederick «> play . He feared to set his all upon , such a east , and abide the hazard ofthe die ; and so after much flirtation and coquetting , he let , " I dare not wait upon I would" and the Frankfort Parliament was left to show of how little worth mere moral force is , when deserted by Hi material embodiment—physical power .
Since . thai , the retrogade movement has gone on with all the certainty of a predestined fact . The King of Prussia would rather be a popular King than no King at all . He would rather rule over a large state than a comparatively small one . His object was , and is , the greatest power with the smallest possible risk to himself . The people might shift for themselves , so that his own ends were served . Much as he was prepared to risk for himself , for them , like a true King , _hewonld r isk just nothing ; and so just aB Austrian despotism , backed by the colossal power of Russia , has , by sheer force of arms , regained its dominion , and the danger to kingship from popular fervour has decreased , the policy of Prussia has become less and less liberal . Just
as there has been less of kingly authority to be won , and more to be lost , Frederick William has retraced his steps , and , to use a vulgar phrase , "drawn in his horns . " The idea of a German TJnity has given way to an union of the Northern States under the thumb of Prussia , so that the star of Austria might not outshine that of Prussia . —not that the people might be more free . The Prussian army was withdrawn from the Duchies ; but , ever vaccinating , whether for good or evil , Prussian volunteers and a Prussian general
were left ' to oppose ' the Danes . The King , fearful of what might be , would not sever the last link of his influence there , t ill liberalism seemed to be beaten down ; and now a Prussian and an Austrian , commission are to threaten Holstein into obedience , and , if necessary , a Prussian and Austrian army is to bombard , bayonet , and sabre it into helpless submission . In the same way the Hessians , who by . calm , moral action ' , unaccompanied by the slightest violence , had foiled their contemptible elector , who wanted , on a smaller stage , to act the part of the Czar , were first cajoled by promises and a show of help , and are now-left to the tender mercies of Austria
and the Elector ; and the Prussian people , juggled 'and played with by their 511051 liberal King , as a-juggler plays with his rings and balls , have armed and marched , leaving their business to languish , their wives and families to shift for themselves—for what ? Not that the " honour and glory" of Prussia should be protected—not that the liberties of Germany should be asserted—not that the interference of the Autocrat of the North might be repelled with scorn , but that the Prussian King might make better terms for himself , and that his brother Royalties of Austria and Russia , might band with him on an equal footing , to share the power of divided Germany .
That is the fact—out of all the turmoil and suffering the people have gained nothingthey have been fooled beyond the top of their bent , and the result is , that their tyrants have abetter understanding than ever , and have resolved , that for the safety of despotism / Germany , split up into _powerlessness , _Bhall be ruled-from PeterBburgh , Vienna , and Berlin . Wei hope , however , that the lesson will not be thrown' away , "' find that the next time the people arm themselves , or are armed , they will blazon on their banners : " put not thy trust in princes , " and not consent to be disarmed till the purposes of the people are served , and potentates are left to shift for themselves .
O'Connor Defence Fund. The Response To O...
O'CONNOR DEFENCE FUND . The response to our appeal has so far been of a gratifying nature . The letters received at this office prove that Mr . O'Connor ' s position has excited sincere " and wide-spread sympathy , and that with proper arrangements , that sympathy will show itself in deeds commensurate with the occasion . System and organisation , however , are necessary in snch cases ; and , as this is one which especiall y demands prompt exertion , it has been considered advisable to issue a circular containing the facts briefl y stated , together with directions as to the course to be pursued in the various localities . The circular is so brief , and so much to
the purpose , that we subjoin it , merely adding our earnest request , that its suggestions may be immediately acted- upon , throughout the length and breadth of the country . " Northern Star" Office , London . By the recent decision of the _£ ourt of Queen ' s Bench in the case of O'Connor v . Bradshaw , F : O'Connor , Esq ., M . P ., has been saddled with the costs of two protracted and expensive actions at law . A Select Committee of the Hon 3 e of
Commons , after the most ample investigation into the affairs of "The National Land Company , " pronounced its proceedings to have been conducted . throughout "bona-fide" and added , that the personal character of Mr . O'Connor , in relation to it , was unimpeachable and unimpeached . In the face of this Report , Mr . BradshaWj ( the Editor of a Tory journal -published at
Nottingham ) , accused Mr . O'Connor , of . personal dishonesty in relation to the Company . ' An action for Libel was immediately commenced , which terminated in the Jury returning a verdict grossly inconsistent ; with . itself and with the facts , namely , " that the libeller was justified inhis charges , but that there was no ground whatever for any personal imputation on Mr . O'Connor's honesty ! " -
The Judge , in summing up , ' acted the part of a hostile partizan , arid misled the Jury into giving a verdict , which threw the entire costs of the action upon Mr . O'Connor . That gentleman tried the question again , by moving for a new trial in the Queen s Bench . The case was re-argued at great expense , but , as the " Times" expressly states , the Judges " shirked" the merits ofthe case in a " cowardly" manner , and refused anew trial onquibbles-again subjecting Mr . 0 Connor to all the costs . ' . -,. _ _
• This is butthe last of a series of proceedings , all of which indicate a determination on the part of Government , and the law authorities , E , deny justice to Mr . O'Connor , and to refuse him either redress for wrong done , orprotecti 0 Thf _Sl _^ _r- minhim with expenses , " as advised by Lord Melbourne years ago . He has spent his life and fortnne in the cause Sthepeo p le , and has never travelled a mile nor eaten a meal at their expense . All who sympathise with an honest but an _onniess _^ d man , are called upon to come for-S lSly / and contribute to sustain him
_^ _TnTsK _^ Z _^ _otltJ _f _^ _* _! Z _^ _'l l _^ _J _& _VZ * , I _* _—« £ ; _tbTsobscriptions will be _fleeted _simultaneously on a given day , thus » n ° _^^ _» 7 5 * J general and hearty effort _ftat the people W , H not allow their advocate and champion to De victimised by Legal Frauds and Governmental Chicanery . „ ,. Upon application to this office , collecting boohs , and every information that may be necessary , will be forthwith supplied to au who are desirous ef assisting in this "good work .
O'Connor Defence Fund. The Response To O...
It is recommended that a _^ er carriage © n the amount collected be _allowed to all who undertake that duty ';" the amou . ot ' 'of such per centage to be'fiked by the . local Committee . 'J ""'' . ¦ ;' , ' . ¦ ';¦ . ; _- ' - - . \ - ¦ ' - ; The funds should be- remitted immediately ( perrPost Office Order , ) . for Mr .. W ' _**' Rider , 16 , Great _"Windmill-street ; _<) _fajmarket , with a list of Subscribers ; and a ¦ anQ and full acknowledgement will appear in t _H Northern Star '' each Saturday . . *§ " A long pull , a strong pull , arid a pull altogether "—now or never . William Rider .
Monies " Received For Ins Week Ending Th...
MONIES " RECEIVED For ins Week Ending _Thubsdat , December 86 th , 1850 . TOR IHR THE _HONESTY FUND . BSCEIVSD _BT W . B 1 D 2 S , £ _» . d . J . George , Clewr , near Windsor .. Oil Fulneck , near . Leeds per S . Scott - .. 0 5 6 Sunderland , per W . Ovibgtdn .. .. 0 16 A few Friends , Lasswade , perD . _Reid ... 0 12 6 Wingate Grange Colliery , per W . Norman .. 0 11 3 Mr . LoDdy , Glasgow .. .. .. 006 Mr . M'Kenzie , Glasgow .. .. 0 10 J . Cameron , Gla ' _fgow . . ; .. 0 10 Mr . Elliott , Clapham .. ... 020
Five Old Guards , Pocklington .. .. 0 4 0 A . Watson , Lei th : - ... .. ' 006 F . Frost and Son , _Rawmarsh , near Botherham 0 0 9 It . . Watson , Cahrerton .. ' .. 0 0 6 J . Henderson , Alloa .. ., 0 o 6 J . Armstrong , Jarrow - .. .. 0 % 6 J " . Boack , Jarrow . '¦ ..- .. 006 J . Thompson , North Shields ' .. .. 006 T . Thompson , North Shields .. .. 0 0 . 6 R . Stoddart North Shields .. .. 0 0 6 J . _Waugh , North Shields ... ¦ 0 0 6
J . Watson , Glasgow .. .. 006 A . Nelson , Glasgow .. .. 006 J . Brock , Glasgow .. ., ' 006 M . Geum , Glasgow .. ., ' 0 0 6 J . _SimpBon , Glasgow .. .. 0 0 6 A . King , Glasgow ... t , 0 0 « W _.-Scott , Upper North-street , Leeds ... 0 2 0 A . S . Goldborough , North Shields , .. 006 Sheriff-hiU and vicinity , per J . Dunn .... . . 0 11 0 J . Sanderson , HoUingworth .. .. 010 E . _Hampson , Hollingworth .. - .. 0 , 0 fi H . Drinkwater , Holhiigworth .. .. 006 S . O . Cononley .. ... .. 0 0 9 ft . Hindley _. _Astlejr . ' .. ... 010 Ellen Hindley , AsUey .. .. 006 Friends , Bnry St . Edmunds , per J . Brabrook .. 0 2 0 Bridgewater , perCCPoole _- .. ' .. 0 7 7 Nottingham , & c , per J . ' Sweet .. .. 1 14 . 7 F . Brooks ,- Lea , Near Gainsborough .. 010 _Ashburton , perT . Combes .. .. 0 10 2 Tillicoultry and Alva , per W . Browa .. 0 5 4 J . Stephenson , _Blaekpots , Banff . . .. 0 10 J . H ., B . F ., W . P „ S . O ., R . _M'H ., S . B ., E . B ., . ,..
and E . v ., Hackney .. ' .. 0 4 3 W . Young , Curbridge , near Witney -.. 0 10 0 Hehden Bridge , per J . Marsland . . ' . 018 4 Spoa Hole , per J . Marsden .. .. 0 9 8 From Rochdale-Belfield Block Printers .. _\ 0 8 6 S . Crahtree _* sbook .. ¦' ¦' . ' . ' 0 7 9 W . Heye ' s book ¦ '•" . _" . .. 0 910 Two Friends , Belfield . _' . ... 030 E . Hanson .. -. ' . ' .. 010 J . Taylor : .. ... ... 0 0 6 A Female Friend .. ' .. 010 S . Cockeroft .. " .. .. 006 Betty Cleg £ ' - - •• ° x ° R . Whitehead .. .. .. 0 13 Sarah Healey . \ .. ' .. 0 1 . 0 W . Miewood - .. .. . .. 0 0 C J . Oakes .. .. .. 006 J . _Fjtton- .. .. ... 0 10 . R . Hartley ... .. .. 010 A Friend . ' .. ' .. .., 010 A . Ogden and Friends ' _.. ¦ ; : " 0 1 8 Smlihy Brook , near Accrington _, per W . Bnry .. 110 J . Fisher and Friends , Finsbury _^ .... 0 4 0 ' - ., _SECJIYED IT I > AIH > OFFICE . ¦ M . Swales' ¦ . _ ,.. " " % .. ; . 0 10 ' . . _ _^ =- , - _ _ _" _^ " _< "' - " £ 11 18 2
Winding-Up Of The Land Company.. - .<,-:...
WINDING-UP OF THE LAND COMPANY . . - . < ,-: . - " BECEIVED Bt WH . BIDEB . _: . ; Vi _^ i ,.:. . .... £ _s . d J * . George _^ CIewer _/ near Windsor .. 0 10 T . Broker , P _% _tei y % ielfl , _tLeed 8 .. 010 R . William ' s , Stalybri ' _dfjeu -V . .. 0 . 0 6 Sunderland ; per W . Ovingtou ; , -v _< ;¦ . ¦' _&¦ - '¦ .. 0 3 6 D . Reid , Prestonholme . .. ¦ ... ; . ¦ - ¦*• * .. 0-- 1 . 0 W . Cain , _Hampatead _MarshaU , near Newbury . 0 . 0 6 G . Duerden , Blackburn . .. .. 010 Mr . Londy _, Glasgow " . ' .... ' ... 006 Mr . M'Kenzie . Glasgow . . V " .. 0 0 6 J . Cameron , 'Glasgow .. 0 10 Mr . Elliott , Clapham .. 0 3 0 W . Maulam , Whitechurch , nearBlandford - .. 0 0 6 Messrs . Martin .. North , _Rayling , and Pyke ,
Wontton Rivers .. . 0 4 0 A . Watson , Leith .. .. 006 J . Newton , _Warsop , Retford .. .. 0 0 6 F . Frost and Son , Rawmarsh , near Rotherham 0 1 0 R . Watson and Friends , Cahrerton .. 0 3 0 J . Henderson , Allt a .. .. 0 10 J . 'Armstrong , Jarrow .. ; . 0 1 0 J . Frow , Gainsborough .. .. 006 From _fflbrth Shields—J . Thompson .. 0 0 6 T . Thompson .. .. .. ° X 6 R . Stoddart .. . _' . - 0 0 6 J ; Waugh .. .. ... 0 0 6 0 0 6
J . _Petch-. ' .. -. .. •* Two Democrats • •• ' _£ ?• A . S . Goldborough ... .. .. J J f J . Watson , Glasgow • " 22 A . Nelson , . Glasgow •* J » J . Overand . Cononley • • • 2 5 2 J . Tempest , Cononley .. •* 2 J 2 R . Hindley , AsUey .. 0 10 R . Preston , Holbick , Leeds .. " -252 Nottingham , per J . Swi * et .. .. ° 7 0 F . Brooks , Lea , near Gainsborough .. " 10 Tillicoultry and Alva , per W . Brown .. . 0 12 6 J . StephensbnrBlackpots , Banff .. 0 10 J . Fisher and W . Dairies .. .. 0 10
, BECBlVED AT LAND OFFICB . - „ J . B . .. .. ... 0 2 6 J . Dennis .. ' . ... .. 0 2 C tf . Swales .. .. ... 0 2 « C .-Bains - : . - .. . _' . .. 0 0 6 Mr . Donaldson .. . ' . .. 0 0 6 ' ' ' £ 3 5 3
For The Hungarian And Polish Refugees. R...
FOR THE HUNGARIAN AND POLISH REFUGEES . Received by W . ' Rideb . —W . Feist , .. Brighton is—J . George , Clewer . near Windsor 6 d—T . Booker , Pottery Field , Leeds 3 s—S . ? atman ; Pottery Field , Leeds Gd—A few Friends , Monk Wearmouth Colliery' 3 s—F . Frost ; and Son , _Rawmarnh , near Rotherham 3 d—W . Scott , Upper North-street , Leeds Is—C . Scott , Rewben-terrace , Leeds Is . Received hy John ABNOTT .-Huddersfielcl , per Mr . Hirst 10 s . ' .. " , -. _' .-: ¦ . FOR MACNAIVIARA'S ACTION . . Received by W . Rideb . —Nottingham , per J . Sweet Is . AGITATION FOR . THE / CHARTER . Received by John _Aasorr . —Mr . L ' eedhani 6 d-Mr . Walker 10 d—Mr . Blanehard Is—Mr . Alger , Cheltenham 6 d—New Radford , per S . Saunders— Newcastle-upon-Tyne , per M . Jude lis—Sutton in . _"Ashfield _, per W . Felkin 18 s 2 d .
TRACT , FUND . Received by John _Abnott . —Newcastle-upon-Tyne , per M . Jude 10 s . _,. y _,. :. ¦ _;¦ - . , ¦ t , FOR LIQUIDATING THE DEBT DUE . TO THE _TREA--SURER OF . THE ; NATIONAL CHARTER . ASSOCIATION . Received by John Abnott : —Royton , per J . B . _Horsfall 2 s—Mr . G . Pearce Is _ldVHuddersfield , per J . Bmsall 10 s . . - D E _fVf il . C E F U N _; D . < . ,-. Received by John ' _Abxott—Sew Radford , per Mr . S . Saunders Is 6 d . .. 1 . : . FOR MR . HOOPER . Received , by John _AnNorr . —New Radford , per Mr . S . Saunders Is 3 d . .
- -' Drbadfut ' Supferino " Op " A * Boa...
- - ' DrbADFUt ' _Supferino " op " a * Boat ' s Crew . —The following" extract " of a _^ _'Ietter from . Mr . James O . Jones , " Secbnd ' _-Maiter of Her _Majesty ' s _steamer'JDee employed ' on the Cape of GoQd ; Hope ' station , which has come ' to _England to his parents , 'by a forlorn chance , discloses-some almost unparalleled privations ' arid suffering ' s of himself and crew , by the upsetting of-their boat : — " " We are at present lying up Quilimane River ,- but I believe we go to the Cape' about Christmas ; we are nearly tired of stopping up here . It was . a very great chance sending this letter , as the vessel only _. anohored' off here yesterday ( no date is given ) , > nd sails to morrow , and she lies about' nine . mile ' s from us . ine
greater part ' of this was written in an open boat , as I was going to overhaul her . * * I have sad news to tell you . I had a narrow escape with my life . I was going into the . river from the Pantaloon ; 10 , Commander Parker , where I bad been for provisions in one of the Dee s cutters , when ; _just as we were crossing the bar ,, a heavy breaker ran in over the stern , filled and capsized the boat in the middle of the Burf , and as it was just dusk they could not see us from the ship , ro we were drifting about the breakers all night , olingingto the boat . In the morning we drifted up tbe river , and not far from the _Bhip , but aB only our heads were above water , they could not see us although looking out for us ; at last we drove ashore ori a sandbank , where vie got out mnro _Hoitrf t . h « n alive , after having been in the
water thirty-four hours , without anything to eat or drink . The next day , about two o ' clock , the ship sent a boat and picked us up . _Bnt'I have not toW the worst , for out of six men and three officers , who were in the boat . " there are only _myae fand _ four others saved . The master assistant ( Mr . Dyer ) and three men were washed off the toat by the surf . Poor Dyer got hold of my foot and took me _' downii good way withhim '; I tried to swim up withi him , Sut I found I could not , so I was _compeHedto kick him to clear myself , and could only just get hold of the boat then > Tho fortitude displayed bytb _. s officer is of no common character , and the presence ofS which attended on that fortitude is almost without _eoual in the annals of _shipwreokB . Mrv i . Jones is the son of Mr . Jones the _% een 0 P fot J > Portsmouth , and _anofficer of high promise n » the
" the _cONSUurxifl _^ of mrft is hardly _wjtongj than it was _thijty _^ ve _years . ago _^ notwithstaiuiuig _thVaerease of ihe : _BWutetwiiv
National Association Op : United Trades....
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OP : UNITED TRADES . X . S . Duhcombb _; _Esq ., M . P ., President . - Established 1845 . " PUT JUBTiTIA . " _" '" ,. " If it were possible for the working classes , by com . Dining among themselves ; to raise , or keep up the general rate of wages , it need hardly be Baid that this would be a ining not to be punished , but to be welcomed and rejoiced *•; - / . _fiTUABT Mill .
The important and all-absorbing nature of # ie Wolverhampton conflict has precluded us from turning our attention _aomuch as we could have desired to more general , but equally important questions connected with this movement . One of the necessary and expected consequences of the protracted , and , to us triumphantly successful struggle , in Wolverhampton , has been au awakening of various bodies of the working classes to a sense of their own isolated and unprotected position , and a _deaire to become better acquainted with a movement which has so successfully defeated
the " machinations of one' of the . most astute and accomplished tyrants tbat ever lorded it over . ignorant and unprotected labour . -We announced , last week , the' adhesion of the Engine" Drivers and Firemen of the Doncaster Station of the Great Northern Railway , arid we understand that . the question of joining this Association is now seriously entertained throughout that line and many others . We are deeply impressed with the importance and responsibility of such a movement , and are fully prepared for the honourable office of marshalling the operative railway interest in a defensive league against the unfair encroachments of their powerful employers . Our policy and our measures may , possibly , be misunderstood by many , and misrepresented
by others ; but we have maturely weighed the consequences of our dangerous mission , and are fully persuaded , that it is our duty , . arid should be our ambition , to seize with , avidity so glorious an opportunity of bringing the principles and practical working of our Association to the severest test to which , perhaps , any labour combination was ever submitted—an organised arid legal resistance to ariy and every encroachment offered to labour by . the most powerful combination of capital that ever existed in the world . The Times of . Tuesday avows , in the plainest lan T guage , that the combination of labour-must be met with a counter combination of capital . Be it so . We only ask to be permitted to enter the field with an united and
well-disciplined army . We have law and justice on ' our side . ; and while we confine ourselves _jvj _^ hin those ; limits , ap clearly ' and so _eloquently _, defined by the soundest and most valuedlawyer of the present day—the present LordCrahworth , one ofthe Vice-Chancellors , and , if we are not verymuch mistaken , the future Lord Chancellor of England— -we have no fear but that we shall be able to maintain for . our cause the . sympathy and support of public opinion , which is stronger than any array of capital which can be brought to : bear against us . , ¦ , _, ' ' _...- ' : The question has been _asked _^ ns : "Is snch a _combination's you _contemplafe , legal ? '' We answer , indisputably ? o ; and while its
operations are confined within those . limits marked but by the existing law , no less than by reason and common sense , it must ever remain so ; and in order to remove from the minds ofthe working men , of all classes and denominations , all uncertainty upon this matter , we here , reprint an article we drew up upon this important point nearly two years since , which will , we hope , clear away all doubts upon the question , and induce our fellow workmen to see with us the immense latent power they possess , which they now permit to rust in inaction , to the great detriment of themselves and their interests . ' . William Peel , Secretary . 259 , Tottenham-court-road .
the rationale op industrial combi . nation , As contemplated and recognised by ike Statute Law of England . There is no question upon which the working classes are , so' generally misinformed as upon the right of . Industrial or Trades Combination . Prior to the passing of the Act 6 th George IV . chap . 129 , the law itself was very vague , 'if- not unintelligible . The Judges were divided in opinion upon the con - struction to be placed upon numerous statutes then in existence ,. which , being so-contradictory , were twisted and turned just as it . suited the peculiar temper of judges , or the _pliability of interested or ignorant juries . But , about twenty-five years
since , all the acts of parliament , or the portions of such as remained unrepealed by former legislation ; were swept from the statute book , and- their place supplied- by . the act above referred to , which now . constiEutes the whole of the statute law bearing upon Trades' Unions . It is to this act of parliament , and the extensive and valuable rights secured by it to the working classes , which we now desire to direct the attention , of our readers . We think we shall be conferring as much benefit upon our fellowworkmen , and at the same time fulfilling our duty to . them as usefully and aa faithfully , by " proving to theni the invaluable nature of the liberties they possess , and by this means stimulating them to a wiser and more determined use of those privileges , as those of our fellow-labourers , who confine themselves constantly to the dark . side - of the question ,
and who represent our present position as one of hopeless slavery , fffhich no unassisted effort of our own can _niodifyjjOr improve _^ except through the medium of the most extensive political changes . That the _working classes of England are in a state of political bondage , we _Relieve no sane man will dispute , and that every available means should be used for effecting their political enfranchisement ' we cordially , admit ; but , we are disposed to doubt , either the wisdom or policy of those who would urge them to amalgamate their industrial and political questions , and thereby endanger the social liberties they now possess , in a protracted and extremely : doubtful crusade against the concentrated power ofthose divers interests , who , through rivalling each other upon all other points , will unite as one man to dispute , inch by inch , the progress of the working man to political freedom .
That such an amalgamation is contemplated , we have the strongest , reasons for believing , and we protest against it , from a conviotiori , that its results would be disastrous in the extreme to the best interests ofthose it professed to benefit . ' We are , at the same time , fully . prepared to find our judgment upon this most important point questioned , and , perhaps , impugned . But , relying upon the integrity of our motives ; we shall proceed to explain the nature of the privileges appertaining to , but not enjoyed by , the working classes , by the statute , 6 th Geo . IV ., oap . 129 , and leave them to decide how far it would-be judicious to lead the
government to attempt _, the repeal of that act , by' any step 3 whioh would make Trades' Unions Combinations ( which are by tbat law legalised , ) the medium for the perfecting of political organisation ' s . We shall first place . before our . readers the _opinions . of the highest legal functionaries , upon the nature and extent of the privilege ' s secured to the wbrking ' olasses by the existing law , and we ' shall then endeavour to show how far it is possible , 'by a judicious Trades ' Combination , to render that law instrumental to the advancement of the interests of : labour and the removal of many of the wrongs which' they , now suffer , by their ignorance or negleot of the power they possess . ¦¦'}~
In the celebrated case of Jones and Potts , v . _Selsby aud others , indicted for conspiracy ,, Mr . _Knowles , the Queen ' s Counsel / thusexpresSedhimself , he being counsel for the defendants _t _* - _^ ' " The indictment charges a combination , and to that extent , we plead- guilty . No' doubt there was a combination not to work under a certain ratevof wages—no doubt there was a combination to carry out that object by legal measures ; but I . deny . that there was ariy illegal conspiracy . It would be strange indeed if there , were not combinations among workmen for their own benefit , for we live in an age in which combination is an acknowledged principle : of action . Scarcely anything of importance is carried on without combination ; almost
every great benefit secured to mankind is the result of combination ; almost every . gre ' at social good has been achieved by combination . Combination , therefore , per se , cannot be illegal ; arid I do my olient no injustice -by saying that , in that sense , they may have combined . Gentlemen there are combinations of masters too , bearing bard . upon their workmen ; and it would be strange indeed , if the Jaw ' , professing to be impartial , should throw its _sMeld over the wealthier classes , by allowing them to combine for their protection ,, and not , at the same thoe _; allow the workmen to combine for their protection . Gentlemen , tbe law does allow them to combine . I state it boldly , in the presenoe of his _londship—to combine for particular objeqtg , and for particular i _"""> A » _fl _# , Beyond all . doubt . gentlemen
National Association Op : United Trades....
I th 6 * _%£ S _& _£ 1 ° ° _m hine - I allow ther « ' was so . _?\ . _oubfc a _^ ut it in the olden time fu _^ aware thai , _H " © Wen times , it was held to he a crime for wor . _^ 1611 . _* fix . the price for their own labour , but _thes . ' _^* " 1 _} 63 _ni _* _ve passed away ; and by a statute law , whit _% nas re Pealed all former laws , by the 6 th Geo . I \ , _-, . the law whioh now regulates combinations , / _"hetber of masters or workmen , the workmen have a '• undoubted right to meet arid resolve that they will no ? ' _^ orlc under certain prices ; and the law says , it is le _^ al / or them to do
80 . _ao doubt the masters may me . _^ t to o , and they do meet ; and it is fair the same ritht should be extended to the workmen . " ' ' ¦ ' / - This" is the opinion of Mr . Knowles , ojoo of the most eminent counsel of the present day ; _luit , _perhapa , it may be imagined that as' the paid _advvoeata Ofthe defendants , this opinion should not be Altogether relied on ; let us therefore see how far Sis opinion is endorsed and confirmed by the Judge , ' Mr . Baron Holfe , who tried the case . In his lucid and impartial summing up to the jury , ho thus expresses himself : — ¦¦ ¦!¦' .
The law on this subject certainly depends now upon the especial statute , which has been referred to ; previous to the passing of which it had always been considered ( whether rightly or . not , I cannot make up my . mind satisfactorily , ) that masters might meet to say that they would not give more than , a certain amount of wages , but that the workmen might not meet to say they would not work for less than a certain amount of wages . This state of the law was considered . unjust b y many ; and it was accordingly altered about twenty years ago , and the law now depends upon the particular statute referred to , which enacts that all enactmentB then in force , with respect to combinations of workmen should be repealed ; and that all combinations of workmen for fixing the amount of wages , for . _increasing or
altering tne Hours of labour , et cetera , shall be regulated by this act . • * It then goes on to say that it is not illegal for them to say that they will not work for lessthanacertain sum ; in that the law is perfectly rational . Those who employ men may say that they will make a regulation beneficial to society , and may agree in that spirit , not to take any workman who requires for his labour more than a certain sum ; on the other hand , workmen may meet and s _* y that they will riot work for less than such or such a sum , for any person who wants them them to work for less than such sum , Tbat being so , and depend upon it , the' Legislature considered that _,- % that respect , as in all others , the market would find its own level , and that what is the value of labour would be found out by the influx of labour or otherwise . "
Now this opinion ofthe learned Judge , so clearly corroborative of the statements of Mr . Knowles , sets this question at rest forever ; . it . forms a valuable and undoubted' precedent for all future cases arising out of the disputes of masters arid workmen . But Judge' Rolfe goes much farther than Mr . iKiiOwles ventured ; for he" contends that not only have workmen the right to combine , but also to persuade others to do the same ; these are his words : — ¦ ¦ '' . ' " Gentlemen , itis undoubtedly lawful for ' persons to combine not to work , except upon certain terms . That being so , I am not aware of there being any illegality in their' peaceably trying to persuade others to adopt the same views as themselves . So
I think it is perfectly reasonable that they should say to their fellow-man ; It is'better not to do so and so , ' if they made use of no threats or intimidation to prevent him from aoting contrary to their wishes . Understand , however , that not only threats are necessary , " but it is necessary that the'language used shall be such as to satisfy you that intimidation may be inferred . " And a little further on he states , in reference to one of the _defendiints ; Bowman . " . Now that plainly shows that Bowman was a party to a combination to form a picket . That , perhaps , is an irresistible conclusion ; but you must recollect in coming to that conclusion , that you are in a criminal court , and miist riot come to a conclusion that tho facts , as proved in evidence , do not necessarily lead to it . You have it in evidence that many of the defendants did nothing—and , as to
some of them , you have it in evidence , that all they did was merely to" persuade—they " said , You had better not do . so and so ; ' and there must be , it appears to me—there must'be , of necessity , something in the nature of a picket- _^ _-somebody to watch tbat-parties should not go to work , so long as there wero certain persons maintaining those parties , upon the _underatanding _. tbat they should not go to work . They must take some such means to ascertain that they are not giving their money to those who go to work . Therefore , the question is , although you do find that Bowman is apart and parcel of—conspiracy is a word . that implies criminality—part and parcel of a combination , unless I say , you find that he was a party to a combination to effect a certain legal object by illegal means , undoubtedly he is guilty of no crime whatever . " ¦ ¦ ' •¦'•
Mr . Sergeant Wilkins . — " I apprehend , my lord , that intimidation is riot necessary to ' prove a conspiracy ; if molestation or obstruction ; is used . it is sufficient to establish the ' crime of conspiracy in this case . " "' , Mr . Baron Rolfe . — "I apprehend that'this was not an illegal end that these men sought . Their object _, was merely , in my opinion , none other than that of persuading people to adopt their views . * ' * I think that parties forming a fund in support of each other , merely stipulating , for their own mutual advantage , that they should not work for more than such and such hours , for such and such wages , is a perfectly lawful combination . " In these extracts ) we place before our readers the
highest legal opinion as to the construction and the extent of that act of Parliament , which secureB to the workmen the same rights and privileges , subject to the same exceptional clauses , as is given to the ' masters . That . this state ofthe law has hitherto been scarcely understood by the working classes , and , consequently , has" been of little benefit ,, does not render'it of less value . We conceive it tobe tbe palladiumof _ourSsocial rights , and can be made the means of remedying many , if not all , the wrongs we suffer , when thoroughly understood and'judiciously applied . But , if an attempt is to be made to engraft—upon our trades ' unions , which are . so clearly legalised by this law —political objects , wo fear the time will not be far
distant , when much more stringent regulations will be adopted , in reference to the _sociaflibertiea of the working classes . In France , in _Prusoia , Austria , and Italy , the right of combination has been one of the chief rights claimed , but not secured , by the working class . Universal Suffrage , they have won , and , so far , maintained ; but , in our opinion , the equally valuable right to combine for the protection of wages , they do not possess , to anything like an equal degree with the English working man .. Instead , therefore , of endangering the existence of this valued right by any false _, step , let us rather seekvto . extend a knowledge of the power we now " possess , and point out-the way to improve the _value'lofWch knowledge ,, by
converting the right of combination into a lever to raise us in the social . scale ; to prove to the proud lords'of capital , that labour also knows its rights , " and , knowing , dares maintain . " . .. . . It appears . ' therefore , quite certain , upon the high legal authority of Baron Rolfe ,-that Trades ' Combinations are strictly legal , when their operations are confined to self-protection , and are not converted into instruments of oppression to . others . And not only are they legal for the purpose of- fixing the rate of wages , but for any other purpose whereby the interests and well-being ofthe workmen may , be promoted . This sentence from . the learned judge has a remarkably wide and extepsive signification : — " and that all combinations of
workmen , for fixing the amount of wages , for increasing or altering , the hours of labour , ect ., shall be regulated solely by this act . " . It is upon this construction - of the law , that all the operations of the National Association of United Trades have been regulated . The founders of this important confederation seek to create an extensive combination of the working men of all trades , for their , mutual protection against the encroaching capitalist . Such a combination is , undoubtedly , within the Bpirit and meaning of the act , as explained by Baron Rolfe ; and its power and utility is only to be measured by the extent and perfection of its organisation . With such a combination , all legislative interference between
oapital and labour would be . unnecessary . None of the many abuses now so justly complained of , and which call so loudly for redress , could exist in repugnance to the will of such a confederation . Ten Hour Acts , Truck Acts , and all other parliamentary protective measures , would be unnecessary . Labour would legislate for its own protection , and the nation would rejoice in a well fed , well clothed , industrial population . It , under these arrangements , our mechanics and manufacturers found their competing spirit somewhat interfered with , every description of native industry would thrive under the invigorating influence of a healthy and constantly incr , eaBirighomeconsumption . Thepro . ducingclasses , rendered less dependent upon the caprice of employers , would become physically and morally __ elevated . The twin companions , poverty and crime ,
would be sensibly diminished ; and a large portion ofthe immense _sum 3 now annually absorbed by workhouse arid prison expenditure might be applied to educational purposes . Strikes would be rendered unnecessary , if riot impossible ; and the im-. men 8 e . 8 umsannually squandered in _those . runious contests saved to the working classes , whioh would of itself be tantamount to an increased wages . All trade disputes would be settled by the system so beneficially adopted by the National Associationmediation and arbitration . These , and many , other equally important and beneficial consequences , which our space will not now permit ; _"iiB to dwell upon _) would be the inevitable results of a . truly National Association of ; United Trades . ¦ Such a confederation _cwofining itself to ; its legitimate objects , as contemplated and recflgniBed i by . the act [ which legalises , it , would meet with no govern-
National Association Op : United Trades....
Mental . ' _-. _tef / e rence ; butif ever converted into an _instruineni Ior political purposes , it would _imme-. ajately _awakt _^ . the jealousy-of Government , anoT a the ; _capitalists with an irresistible argument for Ha su ppression :, \ . _,
Cot Ton Spiers If America; I;,Zj - Ha L ...
cot ton _spiers if America ; i ; , _Zj - _l _«<» ved tlie _< pHowing dooument pub-St , J * 1 ? the _/<; rn » of a _handbill , from a -veil-known thartist and land member of * Byte , who left this country for America in 1848 , _anc'iave no doubt iti perusal will be interesting to some of our northern readers . . - ..
A FAIR DAY'S WAGES FOR A FjSJR DAY'S WORK . TO THE _ITOABITASIS OF FALL RIVER _AHT > ITS VICINITY . I We , tha Spinners of Fall River , wish to lay Mora you a plain statement of facts , proving that the present attempt to reduce our wages is one of the moat outrageous ever made upon the operatives' of this town , which calls forth , or rather brings into existence , the greatest indignation of every labourer or humane individual who knows tbe real state of things . There is not the least truth m any argument put forth by the ava « ricious capitalists regarding the necessity of such a curtailment of our wages , as is fairly proved by
the following statement of Gen . C . T . James , Civil Engineer ofR . I . He says : — " Considering the more rapid increase of wealth in the manufacturing , than in the cotton growing States , there must be an adequate cause . That cause must be sought for in vain , except in the > greater productiveness of the manufacture of cotton , than of its culture . In confirmation of this statement , see what is said relative to a mill of 10 , 000 spindles referred to below . The results ., were realized last year , one of tho worst for manu _>* ture 3 ever known in this country since tho firsp _^ introduction of the . business . The account _sfariffigfH as follows : — _fcW _$ M Cotton ( l , _880 , 600 & s ) j at 7 cents _^ i _' 0 . _^^ Cost of Steam Power _fiifflaMsi
„ Carding _'JPffijjiBi - „ Spinning ..... _^ _ii _^ _ii _^& „ Dressing and Starch " " ! ; _yf iw „ Wearing , including all Expenses ... 26 , 6 _jft _>|** _^^ S „ Repair , Wear and Tear , Machi- ' " _^ _S- ' _^ _M _^ _M _nists _. & c . ' .. ..... 17 , 009 . _fe _^^ p „ General-Expenses , Officers' Sala * : \ sMi _^ : _ii ries , Transportation , Ac . _% O . _^ _0 _$$ M „ Interest on Capital of 259 , 000 dols . _lS _. OGi _^ j _^ y Making a total of . . 1 237 , 0 i 8 v . ¦ - Against this total ' cost , we have 4 , 590 , 000 _^ . _-vi . Yards of Cloth ( No . M ) Sheeting , - Y \ wo ' rth _,-7 14 cents per Yard 1 326 , 250 \ ) From this amount deduct cost as above ... 237 , 048 \ /
And we find a balance of 89 , 203 Now we consider that this is a jfair interest of money at the rate of wages we have been receiving without attempting to reduce them _iny lower , than what they are . It plainly shows thai the capitalists never consider the _sufferiug ' wants ofj hiimanity , but measure their profits . by the forbearance of those who suffer by it . Their conduct _compels us to exclaim . I .. * . " III fares the land to hastening uls a prey * Where wealth accumulates and men decay . " It will be utterly impossible for the spinners of P . R . to maintain their families under the rate of
wages now offered by the manufapturcr . It haa been urged by some that cotton is high , and there is not a good demand for cloth . Now it is a wellknown fact that the present year ' s production of cotton will reduce the price of that article . Whilst the adoption of short time in preference to a reduction of wages would have the effect of increasing the > supply , thereby bringing the price still lower . And increasing the demand for cloth would increase the price of that article also . This we have no doubt would be acceptable to the operatives in preference to 9 . reduction of wages .
. If an example is wanted to show the evils arising from reductions of wages—Look at England ! the greatest commercial nation in the world ; a barracks , a _bastile , and two or three courts of justice in every town , and a police ofiice in every village ; and these are insufficient to prevent crime and outrage of the most barbarous description . Storekeepers , and well-wishers of humanity , we appeal tp you as men ' of sense , whether we are justified or not in the course we have taken : knowing that , the practice of the capitalists will increase ignorance , crime , pauperism , and taxation , disgrace themselves , dishonour their nation , and bring us and . our children to a level with the brute creation ? .
We are determined to resist this infringement _^ of our rights , and do hereby avow our determination never to work for a less price than what we have been receiving for the last six months . And we recommend all the operatives of this State to commence an agitntion , and petition the Legislature to pass a . law limiting the hours of labour to ten hours per day . ' . Tub Spinners or Fall Riveh .
The Shipwrights Op The Tyne And Their Em...
THE SHIPWRIGHTS OP THE TYNE AND THEIR EMPLOYERS . . On the 16 th _irist ., a great meeting of this very numerous and deserving body of men was held at the Town Hall , South Shields , to take into consideration the present state of affairs relative to the shipwrights . The main object of the gathering , aa it subsequently appeared , was to protest against , _uxpose , and denounce what they regarded as unfair conduct on the part of the Shields _Gasette , in allowing anonymous correspondents to attack the shipwrights , and refusing to insert a reply . The time appointed was seven o ' clock , but before that hour the hall was densely crowded , and some hundreds were unable to obtain admission . On the motion of Mr . Edward Surtees , the chair was taken by Mr .
John Ferguson , of Sunderland , who holds an influential position at the head ofthe Tyne arid Wear Shipwrights' Benevolent Sooiety . Mr . Surtees said a letter had appeared in the Gazette stating that the men wished to compel theship owners to pay sixpence a day . more for their labour than the dock-owners ; this was a false representation , for the men had resisted this , although their masters wished to impose the injustice upon them , and the managers of the paper knew at the time the letter appeared that this charge was false , yet they inserted it , whilst they ( the men ) had not the privilege of putting in a letter to contradict the statement . He never expected such treatment in the Gazette ; as a proof , a letter had been sent , but the
editor denied it insertion . All they could do then was to vindicate their cause before a public meeting . They had a proof of what was this paper ' s intention in ' their conduct to their own compositors whom they discharged for no fault save that they belonged to . the union . ( Cries of " shame . " ) The following resolution was proposed by Mr . Surtee ? , and seconded and supported by Mr . Kyle and Mr . Duncan : —• " Tha _' t it is the opinion of this meeting that the North aud South Shields Sazette _^ is a partial paper , calculated to create disturbances between employer and employed , and unworthy of the support of the ' working classes . " The motion was carried unanimously , and followed by three times three . Mr / John Bell next moved— " That it is the determination of this meeting not to support the establishment where the \ Shields Gazette is taken in " The Gazette _waB a free-trade paper . He hoped
anyworking men would carry out his resolution , and neither deal with any grocer , or draper who advertised in the paper , nor countenance any publichouse or temperance hotel that took it in . The motion having been seconded , was unanimously adopted . The chairman next read a placard issued by " the cohipositors late employed on the Gazette , " complaining of their dismissal on tho ground that they refused to sacrifice one of their dearest and most inalienable rights—the right to unito with one another for the protection of their labour . " Mr . Cavill , one ofthe compositors lately employed oh the Gazette , next addressed the meeting , and narrated the harsh treatment to which the compositors on'this journal had been subjected , in order to force them to leave the union . Thanks having been given to the reporters present , to the compositors ofthe Gazette , and also to the chairman , the meeting separated .
The Refugees—Mr . Kydd lectured at 41 , Turnmill-street on . Sunday last , on the PopiBh Question , with his usual ability , to a very attentive audience , and will lecture again on Sunday , the 29 th , at eight o ' clock , on Church History . Mr . Kydd , in his remarks , introduced the position of the Refugees , five of whom were very ill , and ho believed if the friends of liberty could only see these unfortunate Refui gees it would stimulate them to double energies on their behalf . The Committee adjourned until Wednesday next , January 1 st , 1851 , at eight o ' clock . ' r : _MoRAUTV . of London ANb : Earis . — In London 26 illegitimate births take place for every 1 , 000 . In Paris the proportion is 316 per 1 , 000 .. The number of illegitimate ohildren annually born is , therefore , twelve times ereater in Paris than in London . 5 , 000
children are abandoned every year by their parents in Paris ; in London 1 , 000 . The number of cases of infanticide in France -is twelve times greatep than in England . These results are mainly attributable to the system , of founding hospitals . — bt ' _HolSwTi _^ _OiNTMiCT and _Puxs-Extract of a letter _*™^ snrah Eastmeat _, of _Haaelbury . near Crewkerne _,-dTdK ? h _» ry ; 1850 . _'ToProfesso / _Holloway . 'Sir ,-. AW B _& jesM ago certain unfavourable symptoms mani- _^ _ffi themselves in my _leftleg _, which proved to be king ' , . til or scrofula , and at one time there _wtre fifteen wound * ¦ : about my _askle . For four monttis I was _m Cheltenham . : _Bospltal , and there pronouncedas incurable . From thence I _went-tcfcKng ' B Colleg * Hospital ; there also they failed to effect a 5 ure , 4 nd I was obliged to return home a complete cripple , in this state Icommenced using your OintmenV and _PiUs , which have perfectly cured my _leg . * -
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 28, 1850, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_28121850/page/5/
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