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THE JffO.KTB'Effffi MM ?JiL..„ „„, ;_ „„...
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' FOR THE WORKING MILLIONS. •
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A HOMS FOR EVERT INDUSTRIOUS MAN ASD HIS...
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ANOTHER BRADFORD CHARTIST COMMITTED
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On Monday week", L'ghtowler , who has ac...
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PORTRAIT OF JOHN MITCHEL.'
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Specimens of a splendid portrait of the ...
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IRELAND. : This week we report the Irish...
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THE NORTHERN :'STAR SATORDA"?, SEPTEMBER 36, 1818.
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THE FELON GOVERNMENT.; We are not inclin...
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THE CHARTIST TRIALS. We cannot call too ...
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MIDDLE - CLASS LEGISLATION , AND REMEDIE...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
The Jffo.Ktb'effffi Mm ?Jil..„ „„, ;_ „„...
THE _JffO _. _KTB'Effffi MM _? JiL .. „ „„ , _;_ _„„ - __ _. . . toE _^ B # l _)^^ 8 _fge ;! 3 A .---,.., _-,-- _.-. — . ¦ - _^^^^^^^^^^ ____ mm _____________________________ __ mi mmimm _^~ _' _—* _' _~^***^**^*^^*—*^^^—~^ m , — -m . _——mm . _^ _mm _^ immmmm ¦
' For The Working Millions. •
' FOR THE WORKING _MILLIONS .
A Homs For Evert Industrious Man Asd His...
A _HOMS FOR EVERT INDUSTRIOUS MAN ASD HIS FAMILY . _HMTED PATRIOTS' AND PATRIARCHS ' _tfrnriTABTE LAND AND BUILDING BENEFIT SOCIETY , _EQU S _„ oHe _^ T S D- * wK _^ _iEs « ., H . P . Thomas _Wmlei , Esq ., MJ 2 . B . B . _Cabmil , Esq ., M _< P . patn * m ' l ' ' -n _ . __ m Court . New Road , St Pancras , London _.-DASia Wiuux Worn , Secretary . _lotion Office . —No- « » tew "" " _ * . a „ _..- «; Z _*> 15 Tsbbb S £ cno » s . — -Value of Shares aud _Paymeuts _forlavestors . _-ou _^ t . ™ £ 120 payment ef 2 * . 5 d . per Week , _erdOs . _Ca . perMon * loll snare — " „ " , ji _ 5 8 — HaU Share — 3 » — 0 7 * — : 2 8 } — A _^ S _^ K _quetted to state ia their form the section they . desire to be a member ot . App licants are \ 9 Sm __ Q _ SouCflcoM \ or _Redehptiow Sees . . _m » _T * ntranceFee . laclading Certificate , Rales , to ., is 4 s . per Share , and 2 s . foranypart « f * _-Bhare . _jbe present Entrance fee , _tnciucn g __^ _^ __^ _ __ Pogtage ; ls . _oejscrt . _« v _-ct _^ _im'M _. _Tw . i HBi . HauBes ] 5 th . —To give to depositing members a higher rate of Ut _^ To enable m embe rs to _DuUdDweiitagHeu-es . _^ tBKltt ___^_ _ hjoli __^ moaM 0 i _ _ _ _jod . —To afford the meant of purchasing both Free . Clh # _ To enable _iParenta to make Endowments for jjold and _Ljasesold Properties or L rod . _^ _j _, children , or Hatbands for their Wives , or forifar . s-A—To advance Mortgages oa Property held by riage Settlements . _^ S £ _* - % _ _- 7 th . —To purchase a piece of Freehold Land of _tuf-^ . _-toeoaWo Hor _^ or . _beinemember . to redeem _" _^ _" g _^ _" _* * * ° ~* _**>*' _fteir Mortgages , _« _., _ .. T _ By joining this section every person in town or country can become the proprietor of a House i LaS his own neighbourhood , without beteg removed from hi * Friends , -Connexions , or the _preseatmeans _Snse lf and _*^* _™ _- _^^^ Estates _, erect Dwellings thereon , and divide the Section u . * ° _ ftcre npwatdBi & occear the towns of the various branches of t _* -e society . _^ _e _pwp _^ _toTfte bima _/* _freeho ld of the member after sixteen , eighteen , _"jggTff " * *<> m the date _rfl q ° _mTm- _^^ g or _^ o « it 8 ecHon , in which members not wishing to ( purcbaso > . re enabled to invest -anall _sumsVfrom 7 _* d . aud upwards , receiving iaterest at the rate of 5 per cent , perannum , on every sam of Ms . SB _? upwards so deposited . _# . Suhtsriatwn Office . — _¥ _& , ***** _Okoid-Stiebt , where Meetings are held , and Members enrolled , _Suotermtm _igw * _^_ _y [ va __ a EvEHI ! ia > bom Eight to Ten o ' clock . w _H Fro-a £ 300 to £ 500 will be advanced to the members of the first Section in December next , when who have and may become members for Shares , or parts of Shares , on or before tbe 8 rd of December _wSS who pay sixmonths' _sub-eriptioas in advance , or otherwise , will be eligible for an advance . ALSO FOB THE WORKING MILLIONS IN CONNEXION WITH THE ABOVE , THE UNITED PATRIOTS' AND PATRIARCHS * BENEFIT SOCIETIES . . .- _irt „ f _Parf-usest Thus securing to its _membersthe _-sretectionof the law forthelr _^ _V _P"T _^ r V _^^ _aendoZr the United Kingdom , with theprtvitege of appelating . _^•^ Atffi £ * il entt & c . An opportunity i . now cff _. red ' to healthy _persoas , up te Fort , _Medural _Attendants , _^^ . _^^^^ _rf _^ _j institution _, in town or country . , __*__ _n »™ _ 13 Totteaham ' Ceurt , New Road , St Pancras , ( thirteenth house eastward _, from Tottenham _lonnon _vijicb < - » , *» Cg _ t BoadJ _ Dawe-. Wuuak RuFFr . Secretary . _ROroru-T S Doscosbb , Esq ., M . P . T . _Waxlev , Esq ., M . P . B . B . _Cabbim , Es * .. M . P . _^^ ' F . b'CoHKOB , Esq ., M . P . L . J . _Hanbabd . Esa . In the _thertspaceofftur ye ars these societies have paid the following _beaefift to their mtmbert . 8 TJ _1 _HUBT OF CLAM 3 . _Sietaess and _Superannuation ... ... ... _& _2 _M jf « i Acoouehments ••• ,, _" _" " _Fouerals _ _„ ,, Loss by Fire - . £ 435 * 7 . 91 Present Capital funded in tbe Bank of England ... £ " 89 12 2 These Societies are in six divisions or sections , fer the Members to receive tbe following Benefits according * ness w _«> their _Subscriptions : — FIRST DIVISION . 1 FOURTH DIVISION . ___ _,- „„ 7 r = „ from so talus Monthly Con-1 Entrance , according to aee , from 3 s . 6 d . to 8 s . 6 d , n _^_ U _^ i _^ s _^^ e 7 A li Monthly Contributioa _* r _Kcknes . and Management . £ s . d . AleivaMe , mSickness , per week .. - £ -8 0 _ ____ ___^ verin _ ., §> 0 _* _» 0 _SL _^^ _lwIwmeec ditto " .. _» 0 0 Member's Funeral 10 0 0 S _^?^ . t _? n * 2 0 0 Ditto Wife ' s or Nominee ' s ditto .. .. 5 00 ? k _w _£ ft « m " " £ 9 0 0 to 20 0 0 Wife ' s Lying-in ,. : .. .. .. 100 _fe _^ _^ _S _^ U _' week * " - 0 6 ° loss by Fire , from .. ... , £ 5 0 0 to 10 0 8 _f _rrS _« _« .. .= ¦ «¦ ° " " "" " *? . _™ i ' mSioi . " * » ' _ssfycravfta = - •* - —* _•^ _- _' _Bsrsaaattasjw' _^ _Allowance _inSickaess , per week .. .. 015 0 AUowanceinSickneBs _. per week rt 8 7 0 _TrfSterVFuneral .. ** .. - 16 0 0 Membei _* 8 Funeral .. .. .. .. 600 mm _WHe ' s or Nominee's ditto .. .. 18 0 0 Ditto Wife ' s or Nominee ' s ditto .. .. 3 0 0 Wife ' s LjiBg-in -. .. •• \ is ° Wtfe _' s Lying-in .. .. .. .. 015 0 Loss bvSb % , from .. .. £ 5 0 0 to 15 0 . 0 Loss by Fire .. 6 6 0 _fjunerannuation , per week 0 5 0 _Superaunuatioa , per week 0 4 0 ™ THIRD DIVISION . SIXTH DIVISION Entrance , according to age , frcm is . to 9 s . Monthly Cob- Entrance Money 0 3 0 tribntion for Sickness and Management , Is . 7 d . Monthly Contribution .. ' .. .. 0 10 Allowance in Sicknets , per week .. .. Oil 0 Allowance in Sickness .. .. .. 0 0 Member ' s Funeral .. .. .. .. 12 0 0 Member ' s Funeral 210 6 IJitto _. Wife ' sorNoininee ' sditto .. .. f , J J „«• ' «•¦ _« . : _WifA Lying-in .. .. .. .. 119 0 No Lcviesia this Division . Loss by Fire , from .. £ 5 0 0 to 10 0 0 Superannuation , per week .. .. .. 0 4 0 Levies according to the demanas on each division per quarter . S _. B . —The only difference tn the two Societies is , the Patriots have an Accoucnmtnt benefit , the Patriarch bave not that benefit , therefore do not pay levies for it . _j-g- Applications for Agencies requested from all parts of the coaatry ; infbrmatteu for appolatment of Agencies can be obtained by letter , prepaid , enclosing a postage stamp . - Blank forms and information for tha admission of conntry members can be obtained by letter , prepaid , enclosing three postage stamps , to Dawel William _Rcfft _, General Secretary , 13 , Tottenham Court , New Road . St Pancras .
Ad00416
METROPOLITAN COUNTIES and GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE , Annuity , _Loaa , and Investment SOCIETY . ( Incorporated pursuant to the 7 th and 8 th _•* fic . > cap . 110 . ) _Temporary Offices , 39 , _Begenfcstreet , Waterlooplace , London . TRUSTEES . Richard Spooner , Esq ., I Spencer Horatio Walpole , M . P . 1 Esq ., M . P . Edward Tansittart Neale , i Henry Peter Fuller , Esq .
Ad00419
FAMILY ENDOWMENT , LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY . 12 , Chatham Place , Blackfriars , London . CAPITAL £ 500 , 000 . DIBECTOKS . "William Butterwortb . Bayley , Esq ., Chairman . John FuUer _, Esq , Deputy Chairman . Bt Brace Cbichester _, Esq . 1 EUiot Machaghten , Esq . H . B . Henderson , Esq . I Major Turner . C . H . Latouche , Esq . I Joshua Walker , Esq . Edward Lee , Esq . | _Majgr Willock , K . L . S . BONUS . Thirty per cent . Bonus was added to the Society's Policies on the profit scale in 1845 . The next valuation will be in January , 1852 . AHHGA * . _PKEKtCSIS WITH _PKOFTTS .
Ad00420
_COLLTVER'S COMMERCIAL COFFEE . AND CHOP HOUSE AND READING ROOMS , 266 } , STRAND , LONDON . J . _COLLIVES , returns Ms sincere thanks to his _i . Friends and the PnbUc at large , for the support he has received at their hands during the last ten years , and topes , by strict attention ana civility , to merit a continuance of then- patronage . J . C . also begs to state , that-having lately made extensive alterations and improvemtnts in his premises , he is now enabled to afford additional convenience without extra charge . A Commercial Cofiae-room upstairs , with every facility for Travellers and Visitors from the conntry . The House is situated in the very heart of the _Metropolis in the centre of the Theatres , near the National land Office , and Pnblie Buildings . Omnibuses pass to and from ail the Railway Stations , to meet tbe Trains , _tveryrfive minutes Beds , is . to le . _Gi . per night . All other * charges eaTttijyinud & rote , NO F 2 E 3 _IGSESYAXIS _/
Ad00415
NO MORE PILLS FOB INDIGESTION , Constipation , Torpidity of the Liter , and the Abdominal Viscera , persisting Headaches , Nervousness , _BiUonsne-s _, Despondency , Spleen , etc . Published by Du Barry and Co ., 75 , New Boad-street , London ; and to bs obtained through all Booksellers * Price 6 d , or 8 d ( in letter stamps ) , ' post-free ; - A POPULAR TREATISE on INDIGESTION and CONSTIPATION ; the main causes of Nervousness , Biliousness , Scrofula , Liver Complaint , Spleen , etc , and their Radical Removal , entitled the _'Natdka _* . _Rkqknekatok os the _Digestite Okoans ( the Stomach and Intestines ) , without pills , purgatives , or artificial means of an ; kind . '
Ad00417
A GOOD FIT WARRANTED at the Great Western Emporium , 1 and 2 , Oxford-street . Ubsdell aud Co . are now making to order a Suit of beautiful Superfine Black , any size , for £ l _lCs . Patent made Summer _Trowsers , 16 s ; Registered Summer Over Coats , 20 s . The Art of Cutting taught . Patterns of Garments Cut to Measure for the Trade , and sent ( post free ) for ls . fid . eacb , or eighteen postage stamps . Address , Charles Ubsdell , 1 and 2 , Oxford-street Loudon .
Another Bradford Chartist Committed
ANOTHER BRADFORD CHARTIST COMMITTED
On Monday Week", L'Ghtowler , Who Has Ac...
On Monday week " , L ' ghtowler , who has achieved no inconsiderable notoriety as a Chartist orator , was brought before the magistrates oa a charge of drilling . The charge retted chiefly upon the evidence of an approver , oae Thomas Shepherd , a collier , who deposed that on a Sunday _merolng in May last there wat a meeting of Chartists on Ton * Moor , to whtoh about 150 men marched ia military order from _Maachetter . road . The men were divided into three sections ; at tbe head of the first section Wat Tyler marched ; a butcher ( name unknown ) marched at tbe he _* id of the second ; and L ' ghtowler at the head of the third . To this last section witness attached himself . Lightowler gave the
word of command , ordering the men to fail in tbree deep—to right-about face—to quick march . As they proceeded op _Goodmaasend Lightowler ordered tbe men to prepare for a drill on the Moor . All three sections . marched to the moor in military order , Lightowler then proceeded to drill his mea . Wat Tyler and the butcher did the same with theirs . Later on in the day the meeting wes held . Lightowler spoke . At the close there wbb a collection , the amount of which _Lijhtowler announced to be £ 212 " . 6 d . He then preposed that 12 j . should be applied ia payment of the printing of the bills calling the . meeting , aad that the balance should be applied in tbe purchase of arms for those _persent who , being out efwork , wer 9 unable to supply themselves . The proposal was carried
unanimously . The witness was cross-examined by Mr Terry . He _twore Viat the sections returned from the Moor in the same order in which'they went , Lightowler headlag the same section wbich he bad commanded all day . The teen assembled la _Manchetter-road between nine and tin la the morning . Lightowler joined them at ten o ' clock , and remained with them till nearly five o ' clock in the evening , when they separated at the tame place at which they assembled . He did not knew of any other meatdng oa Tong Moor on a Sunday in May , but tbe onehe bad referred to . He first gave informs tion to the police _latt week . He went to the _ptllee of his own accord , and offered to give information witfeeut any expectation of being paid . Serjeant Taylor twore that he recollected a meeting of Chartistt wat held oa
Tong Moer , ona Sunday in May . He saw three seotions ef mea marched ap Goodmensendin the direction of the Moor . Wat Tyler headed tbe first , and one _RamideD , a butcher , the _secend-section . He did not know the man who marched at the head of tbe third . At that time he did not know L ' ghtowler . For the defence Jeremiah Dawhirst , tea-dealer , was called . —He swore tbat he was with Lightowler on the day in qaestion ; that he _went with him to the Moor ; that his boy and tbe prisoner ' s boy , and a _jeung man whose name he did not recollect were their only companions ; that they left Bradford about dinner-time , and walked through Spring Woed , aud by Mr Bill ' s church , to Blrkeashaw ; that Lightowler did not drill the witness Shepherd , or any other man , on that day ; that to the best of his belief Ltgh . tn-sl . r never drilled a man In hit life : that he did not
hear Lightowler announce the amount of the collection , sor that the balance should be spent ia the purchase of arms ; tbat after the meeting he and Lightowler and the b _* y * returned together leaving the high road at Dai . ley . hill _, and coming by the way of Spring Wood . ; that Lightowler never gave the ward of command to any man or number of men on the way homo . Similar evidence in favour of the prisoner _wtt given by David Lightowler the prisoner ' s son , , a lad of fourteen years , aad by _DrecapDewhirst _, sea of the preceding witness , a lad of fifteen years ; the latt witness stating that it was six o ' clock wben they reached home . The magistrate , however , decided that thlt wat a case , for the coasldtration of a jary , and Lightowler wat therefore' committed to Fork Cutis , bat was subsequently liberated on ball , _tuvttg & ttt . _dtwosu . _eUMla £ 100 each , _. '
Ad00412
¦ ¦ ' prite ; 'Threepence * , _T , . ' _, ' . ' ' ! A . TERBAtW BBPOJtt OF . THB IWAM OSERNEST JONES AND THE OTHER CHARTIST LEADERS . " , Now Ready , a New Edition of MR . _O'COHKOR'S WORK ON SMALL FARMS _XaECHIUISr BD 1 T 10 H EVER PCBMSHED . ' Price- la . _*! * .., A new aiKl « legantedition ,. witli Steel Plate of the *
Portrait Of John Mitchel.'
PORTRAIT OF JOHN MITCHEL . '
Specimens Of A Splendid Portrait Of The ...
Specimens of a splendid portrait of the first vie tim of the Whig Treason Act , are now in possession of our agents . The portrait will be shortly ready for presentation . That of Smith O'Brien , and those who are sharing his fate , are also in course of preparation . None but subscribers will be entitled to tnose portraits .
Ireland. : This Week We Report The Irish...
IRELAND . : This week we report the Irish Treason Trials as far as they have gone- _^ -next we ' efc we shall bring , them down to the latest _mnment .
The Northern :'Star Satorda"?, September 36, 1818.
THE NORTHERN : 'STAR _SATORDA" ? , SEPTEMBER 36 , 1818 .
The Felon Government.; We Are Not Inclin...
THE FELON GOVERNMENT . ; We are not inclined to swell the bull-frog felon Whigs into traitors , we prefer , upon their owii evidence , to make their own use ol their own last atrocious arid blood-thirsty act . The Whigs and their coadjutors , declared that the object and intent of the ""Crown and Government Security Bill'' was to establish a new standard by which little traitors should be designated as felons , and not puffed into traitors ; that they should receive the felon ' s brand and not the martyr ' s laurels . And . if words have meaning—and if overt acts are
proofs of guilt—and if the minds of all men are not as prejudiced and perverse as the mind of Mr Pembroke , who , upon testing his fitness to serve as a juror , honestly proclaimed it as his opinion , that the Chartists should . all be hanged—we shall prove by words and acts , that the Government itself has been the promoter , the instigators , and main spring of those felonious acts with which their dupes now stand charged ; and the discovery and elucidation of which has cost , and will cost , the country so much treasure , the Government so much infamy , and the laws of the country to much dishonour .
The motto upon which the Constitution is based , is , " Nullivendemus , ntdli negabimus aut differmus justitiam vel rectum ; " and the English of which is , " We sell nothing deny nothing , or delay right or justice . " And the words are spoken as those of royalty , and they constitute the tenure upon which the Crown is held ; and if the monarch can be guilty of treason against the people , the violation of this constitutional maxim is a violation
of the Constitution itself ; as the essence ot loyalty consists in tbe obligation to render allegiance upon the condition that the Constitution shall secure-protection to-all . v : And many of the ablest writers upon the British Constitution have declared , that the obligations which bind the sovereign to the people are mutual and should be mutually enforced , and that the violation of those obligations by the monarch is as treasonable as their violation by the people .
Indeed , if writers upon the subject had not thus defined the mutuality of those obligations , common sense itself would do so , as it must be presumed that , whether elective or hereditary , ihe Sovereign must be the adopted of the people ; and Lord Bolingbroke— -a high authority upon the subject—says , " 1 hat it is as much the duty of a people to rebel against a corrupt House of Commons , as against a tyrannical Prince ; " thus not . only affirming the right , but declaring its exercise as a duty . And it" precedent establishes any . rale of action , it is furnished by the fact , that the loyal subjects of this country , represented by a few Common Council of the city of London , have banished and beheaded treasonable Monarchs aforetime .
What is a Monarch , if not the impersonation ef a great principle , upon which the Constitution of a country is founded ? And have we not before our eyes the startling fact of the representative of our constitution acknowledg ing the right of the French people to dismiss their King , for the violation of the French Constitution : And have we not the full recognition of her approval of the right in the person of her Ambassador at the Court of Paris , and an _Ambassador from the Rebel Court at the Court of St James ' s ? However , as Monarchs ever have been , and ever will be , mere puppets in the hands of artful and designing men , who warp the Constitution and the law to their own
artful purposes , we find the defence of the British Queen in the generous maxim , " That the Monarch can do no wrong , " although this maxim has not operated as the justification , defence , or protection of other British Monarchs , who have suffered for the delinquency of their advisers . However , applying the maxim , and not as . an improper one—as it would be most ungenerous and unmanly to hold an innocent and inoffensive woman responsible for the acts of her guilty and offensive Ministers—we acquit her of any intentional violation ef . the Constitution ; and . we now arraign her Ministers upon the charge of violating the Constitution and the Law .
As to the violation of the Constitution , they have sold everything to the rich—they have denied everything to the poor—they have delayed , nay , withheld , both right and justice from them—they have polluted the source from which justice should spring , by corrupting the Representative body , and by polluting the miscalled Representatives . of the People by bribery and corruption in the Commons House -of Parliament . Arid these practices would furnish ample grounds for an impeachment againsfcthat Ministry , if ; th ere were such a thing Ab a pure tribunal , to appeal , to ; but
The Felon Government.; We Are Not Inclin...
when the appeal must ; be-from " Philip drunk to-Philip sober , " or from men who . have been guilty to those who hope to live and thrive u . pon similar guilty practices , then a fair trial is out of the question ; and hence the violators of the British Constitution must remain unimpeached for the present . And now we turn to the consideration of the legal question . In cases of murder and high treason , _accessories before and after tbe fact are treated as
. principals in its accomplishment . In cases of . conspiracy , it has been laid down by theJudges -of the land that parties subsequently joining , with the intent of carrying out the views of the original promoters of the _conspiracy , are , though not eng aged in its formation , also conspirators ; and now we proceed to arraign the Government upon an accepted legal maxim" Quifacit per alium , facit per se " - the English of which is— " He who does an aot toy another , does that act himself . "
It would be endless , as well as useless , here to recapitulate the evidence of the informers Powell , Dayis ,, Barrett , Baldwinson , and Tildren ., as adduced by the Attorney-General on the trial of Cuffay , Lacey , and Fay . We have given that evidence at sufficient length , and the salient points will be read , if not withsurprise , with disdain and disgust . And from that evidence we learn that the most daring , the most seducing , the most hardy and professedly uncompromising of those ruffians , were the principal instigators to those crimes with which the prisoners were charged—and We have the admitted fact , that their most desnerate resolves were taken at the instance of
those informers , after they had been in close and constant communication with the police and detective authorities . We have it upon the evidence of Davis , that it was those informers who : actually drove their dupes to desperation ; for that informer swears that Cuffay , upon discovering that they were betrayed , said " It was no use NOW mincing the matter , for all their necks were in danger , and they might as well speak out plainly . He only knew John son by that name , and'he had no idea that he was communicating with the police until he read an account of his examination at'the Police Court ; He had no _lidea before then thathe was a . spy , and he was the last man he should have suspected . ' ! . .,
Let any man read the above evidence , and can he come to any other conclusion , than that the fact of Powell ' s betrayal of his own conspiracy had driven Cuffay and others to desperation , which maturer reflection might have arrested ? Cuffay says , " It was no use NOW mincing the matter . " Up to this period , then , it would appear that no defined action was decided upon , and we have it , upon the evidence of Powell _; - -that all the most dangerous resolutions were accepted after he had made the police ahd the detectives fully acquainted with this conspiracy while yet in the bud—that he received money from-the jiolice , received his instructions from the detectives , and , acting upon those instructions , taxed his energy to recommend himself to his employers . '
The Gov ernmentof acduntry is looked upon as the protector of the institutions of the country ; it stands , or ought to stand _> in parental relation to the people . Upon the principle that prevention is better than cure , it should nip crime in the bud , and instead of suborning spies and informers to instigate men to crime , it should use such-information for the purpose of sup pressing it . And as we have stated many times before , we derive from those trials irrefutable proof of the fact , that Government itself
has been the promoter , of those felonious acts with which the Chartists now stand charged . Did any inspector of police or detective pay their own money to the villain Powell ? Did those in that subordinate situation dare to act upon his owri responsibility , without consulting the Fouche : of that department , ( Sir G Grey )? Can such a monstrous absurdity be credited , or even entertained , for a moment ? and then will not the _legalj maxim hold good , that "He who acts b y another is himself _re-, sponsible for the act ?
Did not the employers of those spies and informers—those instigators to acts of felonythose traitors to the Crown and Government , communicate 'directly , as they communicated through their agents , with those who are now placed in the witness-box , as the virtual destroyers of Cuffay and others , but as the actual destroyers of those by whom they were suborned , cherished , paid , and courted , and under
whose insidious instructions they acted ? It may serve the passing time to convict poor men before partisan judges , packed juries , hired spies and ihfomers , nnd a liberty-slaying Press ; but when prejudice shall have given way to reason , will not the universal shout throughout the land , be one unbroken jell of execration against the Government that could resort to such diabolical practices ?
., If a parent sees the child straying from the path of virtue , would he not be guilty of a violation of parental duty if he urged that child still further into the abyss of guilt , instead of checking it ' ere it was too late ? and is not the Government , with a full knowledge Of the guilty intention of Her Majesty ' s subjects , equall y criminal- _^ na */ , more criminalin employing instruments of seduction to hurry Her Majesty ' s subjects into crime or revolt > It may suit the purpose of the Whig
Attorney-General to make bad puns and jokes upon so awful an , occasion . It may suit Mr Justice Erie to be the bottle holder of that high and learned official , in his skirmish with Mr Kenealey , but we tell that judge—who should be above suspicion _andshrouded with impartiality—that however his high position may enable him'to crush , but not overcome , a young hut enthusiastic advocate , that . it but ill comports with one in his situation of life to manifest so decided a-prejudice against the accused , and to lend himself to the protection of the guilty accuser .
But however the Attorney - General , shrouded in his robes of office , may gloat over his persecuted victims , we tell him , that the result of those Chartist trials , at the Old Bailey , will be to raise one universal shout , of indignation against that Ministry , whose gui t he has established beyond the power of refutation ; and that , apart from all other agitation for the present , the whole people will now use their , united energy to drive the revivers of the memory , of Castles and Oliver from power , and thus _save . the' unwary and unsuspicious from tlie snares of the artful and designing . Since
the days of the bloody _Jefferies down to the present moment , tbere is no parallel for the atrocities of the present government . They have ' * let slip the dogs of war" upon a starving people . They are feeding their pampered mercenaries , spies , and informers , upon the wages of seduction , desertion , and treason ; and they have so centralised _class-made power , that they hope to rest in . security behind those flimsy barricades erected against the mind ' s progress ; but they may rest assured that the day ot retribution is not far distant , and then it will be seen that a united people ,
acting upon united willj and unprovoked and uncontaminated b y . hired ruffians , are suscep tible of the finer feelings of nature , and that tbey will not resort to cruel and sanguinary ads of vengeance or retribution , but will content themselves with the establishment of a _> ' mild constitution , not based " upon the blood of their ancestors "—as is the boast of the English oligarchy—but built upon the mild spirit of the law , which should be yielding to mercy and stern against oppression , ad-. miijistered' by the even hand of justice , and exacting an implicit obedience to its mild ¦ a nthnrit .
The Chartist Trials. We Cannot Call Too ...
THE CHARTIST TRIALS . We cannot call too much attention to the trial of those Chartists now proceeding at the Old Bailey ; and whatever may be the verdicts , and whatever may bejthe punishment , it must be ; the pride of'that reviled party to know and acknowledge , that a more zealous or more able defeuce could not be made for the first perso-
The Chartist Trials. We Cannot Call Too ...
nage in the land . These have , been the first trials under the recent Felony Act , and it will be in the recollection of our readers , that , while that Act was under discussion , and while the Minister boasted of its leniency , in consequence of its mitigation of the law of treason , Mr O'Connor clearly showed that it would be an aggravation of that law , inasmuch as , under the old law , the accused was entitled to many privileges , all of which had the effect of apprising him of every particle of evidence that was to be adduced against him , and allowing him ample time to prepare to meet anv
evidence that might be adduced against him ; whereas , as has been proved upon the present trials , if—although the sentence may be transportation for life under the new Act—the witness relied upon by the Crown may break down and altogether fail , it is in the power of the prosecutor to prop him up by the production of new recruits . Surely , if protection to property is considered } by capitalists as a higher duty than the protection of life , we may consider the _^ protection of liberty of equal importance ; and when the sentence , for this
now mitigated offence may be transportation for life—is it right , or just , that the accused should be deprived of every _legitimate means of defence ? If we could bring ourselves to base future action upon necessary caution , the present exhibition at the . Old Bailey would furnish a salutary example to the working classes of this country , ahd cannot fail of producing some effect upon the mind of a confident , intolerant , and tyrannical Government-No doubt , the Attorney-General imagined that he would have a clear walkover the course ; but as _atJLancaster , so in London , the powerful genius ,, the legal acumen , and the indomitable perseverance of William Prowting Roberts , meets him , haunts him , and paralyses
him , as we think we may assert , without fear of contradiction , that , in the annals of State Trials , there never has been a more lucid , a more luminous , or able defence , maintained againstthe Crown . Indeed , so completehas that defence been , thatthe Government must change place with the accused , and stand convicted upon the evidence , if not by the verdict of the jury But if Mr O'Connor could pride himself in , or derive satisfaction from , the sufferings of his order , we have the admission of Powell , that one of the chief objects was to entrap that gentleman , who , by his representation , was designated as a " b y coward , " as he would not . join the physical force party but desired the postponement of the Na tional Assembly . .
The history of the last six months has yet to be written , and from it will be learned that that National Ass embly , for the postponement of which Mr O ' Connor contended , has been the origin of every act of persecution to which the Chartist party has been since " subjected . Nor can it be asserted , that Mr . ' O'Connor withheld from that Assembly a knowledge of the fact , that it did not represent the Chartist
party—that its deliberations were overawed by the applause and enthusiasm of hired spies and informers , stationed in the galleries—and that the very men who were foremost in falsely describing the strength . and resolution of the Chartist party , were the greatest cowards , and would be the first to betray them . And , perhaps , there is no similar instance upon record of anv leader of a denounced and
outlawed people maintaining his ground , against the prejudice of class , and the fierce denunciation of the rebels of his order . But , as the day of retribution is sure to come , sooner ' or later , if must be consolatory to Mr O'Connor to receive the most affectionate letters from the most physical force districts , thanking him for his prudence aad foresight ; inviting him to visit their districts ; and assuring him , not of a welcome , but of a _> cordial and affectionate reception .- We have been long mixed up with the Chartist cause , and
although the recent exhibitions of folly were all saddled upon the Chartists , yet , with "the exception of Cuffay and Shaw , we never before heard the name of one who has been recently tried at the Old Bailey ; and although brute force , treachery , subornation , and perjury have been resorted ' . to as a means of suppressing Chartism , we give it , as our frank and conscientious opinion , that the acts of the present Government , so far from crushing , will have the effect of reviving , re-organising , and re-assuring that party _.
It will now be believed that there is no reliance to be- placed in men who meet in secret , and become the most ardent propagators of sedition and conspiracy . It will be admitted that , as the coward is always the most boastful of his courage , so is the treacherous man always boastful of his fidelity ; , and hence , we find Cuffay delating that Powell is . the last man that he would have supposed capable of betrayal , and simply because he had been loudest in his protestations—and , gaining courage from protection , the villain admits that after
his disclosures to the police and detectives , he became more encouraging , more enthusiastic and bold , more persuasive and instructive in the art of warfare . And yet , how pompous would have been his contempt , and how loud and ; proud would have been his denunciation of him whd' dared to- accuse him of infidelity . " _^ _hfireis-theChartist _' who _. has , not witnessed the exhibition of traitors of old standing upon the . platform . and indignantly repudiating any , _, the slightest , charge against their courage , their honour , their devotion , and fidelity ?
.. We tell the working men and we believe they have learned it now from experience , that these frothy spouters are to be the least trusted and the most suspected , and we trust that passing events will not be without their effect _upo o those who prefer clamour to monition , prudence to folly , and real courage to bragadocio . We . conclude with an earnest appeal to every man , belong to what class he may , to read the trials of those Chartists , charged upon the evidence of associates , who forced
themselves upon their councils that they might betray them for lucre ; and then , in the name of justice , of common sense , and humanity , We would ask them to abandon , and for ever , a practice which subjects the honest , the sincere , and confiding , to . the machinations of the rogue , tbe seducer , and the traitor . And in order to convince them of the honour , the dignity , and praise with which the cruel oppressor is rewarded , we submit the following specimen taken from the " Morning Chronicle " of this ( 'Thursday ) morning • —
_Tnn Late TaAF _* LaAB-SQOABB Riots . —Yesterday forenoon a vary interesting _aceDe _^ took place in St Martin's Vestry Room . At eleven o'clock a number of the inhabitants met together for the purpose of presenting to Inspector Parebrass a silver snuff-box and a sum of mo . ney , as testimonials of their respect for the manner he performed his' duty during the late Trafalgar . _square disturbances , but more especially on the _lftb / of April Inst , when Mr Charles Cochrane ' a deputation met In the square , and when Inspector Farebrass was obliged to use rather violent measures in order to keep back a person employed by Mr Cochrane . The iuspectoi was taken
before the magistrate for the alleged offenoe , and , after hearing the evidence , the case was dismissed . A _subscrlption was" set on foot by the special constables and other inhabitants of the parish , and a sum sufficient to purchase a silver _snuff-box _, which , with £ 18 10 s ., tvas presented to the inspector yesterday morning . Tho testimonial bore a suitable inscription , and was said to have cost fifteen _guineas . A sum of £ i h s . was also presented to the constable who was charged at the same office with having struck a reporter on the square . The inspector having acknowledged the high compliment which hud been paid to him , retired , and , in the evening , his feiende dined with him in honour of the event .
Thdrsdav Night ] The Jury is again locked up . They complain of intense fatigue . Mr John Humphrey Parry made a most transcendent and eloquent speech , which actually paralysed the Attorney-General and his minions . Justice will triumph , and the delay secured b y the sagacity of Mr Roberts , has enabled us to procure evidence as damaging to the character of Davis and his brother spies- —as that of other witnesses has' been to the villain PoH ' el _] . Next week , we hope to be able to give the transcendent speech of Mr . Parry verbatim while the tattered , ragamuffin , denounced Chartists have proved to the world that their friends , when accused and endangered , shall not lack svmpathy aud defence . _Atjeast . Mr O'Connor . who
The Chartist Trials. We Cannot Call Too ...
m pocket , represents Chartism , _hasiestablished this fact ; but , to the shame of the country , had it not been for him , they would have suffered without a struggle ; and let them , with shame _loak to the amount & f their enthusiasm , as exhibited in the amount of the Defence Fundfor the week .
Middle - Class Legislation , And Remedie...
MIDDLE - CLASS LEGISLATION , AND REMEDIES FOR NATIONAL EVILS .
The middle-class journals omit no opportn * nity of exulting over the evils caused b y a period of transition and struggle in France and Germany . It would be as well that they should bethink them of the old English adage , and not " halloo before they are out of the wood . " Revolutions do not grow spontaneously . They are the product of years of suffering and oppression—of long demanded and long refused ri ghts—of an intolerable sense of suffering—of _misery driven into reckless desperation—when men , adopting the emphatic words of Scripturein masses — "It is
, , say better to be slain with the sword than perisk of hunger . " It may be very dreadful to shopkeepers and manufacturers to hear of business being put a stop to for a few days , or weeks , in consequence of emeutes in large towns , and the papers which speak for these classes may be very eloquent respectin g the misery which they cause to the working classes themselves ; but does it never occur to these shopkeepers and journalists , that greater evila must have been previously endured before the emeutes , whose consequences they sd vividly describe , took place ? Thev appear to fonrefc
that the whole of the working classes are not included in their remonstrances against the folly of interfering with the regular current of affairs , because that interrupts business , and consequentl y stops work . The ordinary routine of the present manufacturing , commercial , and agricultural system , leaves large masses totally without employment , and to these parties the eloquent leading articles of the Press , in the pay of the plutocracy , are but so much wind . Instead , therefore , of rejoicing over what they term the failures of
democracy in its incipient stages , and earnest efforts _tojereate a | new and better state of affairs , the middle classes of this country ought to be looking , a-head , and preparing . to meet the storm which is evidently brewing in our own country . A few figures arid facts will more forcibly show the nature and the operation of the system of which the middle classes are the main supporters and abettors , than anything we could say on the subject . The Poor Rates amount upon an average to upwards of 7 , 000 , 000 / . sterling annually . The number of
paupers in the workhouses and receiving parochial relief , is one-tenth of the whole population of England ; in Ireland it is one-thied ; and in Scotland , though-not so large , itis daily in * creasing . But these statistics do not give a complete view of the subject , nor afford a correct idea of " the masses for whom no employment , no honest and independent means of subsistence are provided by our arrangements ; and for whom , consequently , a change of system has no terrors . Recent Parliamentary Returns show an alarming and rapid increase of vagrancy , another infallible test of the
destitution which prevails among the people . In the districts of the Thames , in the year ending September , 1846 , the number of vagrants relieved was 18 , 533 ; but in 1847 it had increased to 44 , 937 , being an increase of 26 , 404 , or sixty per cent , on the preceding year . The nightly average of casual paupers in 600 unions in December , 1845 , was 1791 ; in 1846 it was 2 , 224 j in 1847 , 4 , 500 ; and in March , 1848 , it was 16 , 086 . Taking three very different districts similar results are presented—in the Michaelmas quarter in 1845 the casual poor relieved at Windsor was 1 , 700 , and in 1848 , 5 , 868 . At Devizes in 1847 the number
was 1 , 394 , and in 1848 , 2 , 892 . In the North Riding in 1836 there was but one ; in 1840 , 216 ; and in 1847 , 1 , 161 . The applicants for relief at the Mendicity Society were twentyseven per month in 1836 ; in 1847 it was 15 , 678 ; and in 1848 , 22 , 296 . Startling . as these figures are , and unde _^ _J niably as they exhibit the downward influence of our present system—as developed in its pauper and vagrant-making tendenciesanother class of wretched victims must be added before we see it in all its monstrous deformity and foulness . Crime is the child of
poverty . Without being naturally more devoid of moral feeling than the " easy classes , " the _poar man and the uneducated and hungry child are driven . to the Commission of crimes by the stern behests of poverty and starvation . The Penitentiary at Parkhouse costs 14 , 349 / a-year , and _Tentonville 18 , 000 / . The cost of prosecutions is 348 , 000 / . a-year ; of County Gaols 147 _. U 5 / . The cost of County Houses f Correction is 180 , 841 / . ; of Rural Police , 180 , 000 / . ; the Metropolitan Police ; 363 , 164 / . ; giving , in these items alone , a total of one Million two Hundred and Thirty-one Thousand a year , expended upon crime and the maintenance of felons . In order to get at the actual
cost under this head , the votes from the Consolidated Fund , and the Civil Contingencies , for the maintenance and salaries of the Judges , & c , require to be added—which will materially increase the amount we have now stated . Here , then , in a somewhat tangible shape _,, we have presented the results of our present mode of legislation and commerce . Year by ' year we find pauperism , vagrancy , and crime- t multiplying around us , not by units , but by * tens of thousands . The system remorselessly drives downwards struggling honesty and i virtue into the ranks of the pauper r
and the felon—the chances of independent t labour , and of earning an honest subsistence J rapidly grow fewer . Poverty stalks , like aa l armed man , into the dwelling of the labourer r —puts out his fire—plunders his home of fur- - niture , bedding , and wearing apparel—empties is his cupboard of food—and sits down at his is cold , desolate hearth with gaunt f rame and d wolfish eyes—to tempt to deeds of reckless is despair . Yet all this goes on almost _un-iheeded , or , at best , with a few _wordsjif mean-1 _« ingless commiseration , or sectional and iso-olated efforts , which are about as effectual in in stemming ( he tide of wretchedness as it would Id be to empty the ocean by buckets .
These are the things that precede physical al force revolutions . If there was a real want of the means for or providing em ployment , we might bow in in humble submission to the will of Providence ,: e , or with a clear conscience seek some othener field , of exertion . ; But this is notthecase . se . It is admitted , on all hands , that while _thishisi progressive and appalling increase of pauper-erism , vagrancy , and crime , has . been going on , on „ that the country has , at the same time , beereem growing richer in all the means necessary for fore the diffusion of wealth and prosperity amongmg ;
all classes of the population . The _astoundingingj anomaly is , that this enormous amount _ofpo-poverty and misery exists in what is admitted tci tCJ be the richest country in the world , and _sideidee by side , with wealth and luxury among the thee aristocratic and wealthy classes , such as _evecverc Rome in its palmiest days could not approachachi We observe that a vigorous movement i _* ia being made by the advocates of _Emigrationioni to turn the facts and figures we have nownora stated to account in furthering the _operatioition
ot wholesale transportation . Meetings havhav ' i been held in various places , at which , _afteaftes giving a broad but not over-coloured _descripcripi tion of the state of things at home—the mosmos fascinating and tempting pictures . were dra ' wra ' w * : of the felicity and prosperity which await at ail who are wise enough to be shipped off to _AueAuee tralia and other places " . beyond the seas . " ' We have already , on various occasions , _ea ess posed this "dodge'' of the ruling and wealthaltb classes , and given our reasons for advising tig _tU working classes to stay at home , and deniarman :
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 30, 1848, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_30091848/page/4/
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