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* .* ¦ . . f -. ». * ,- 1 i. December S0...
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colonial anir ffovtictxi
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FRAKGEs ~~~ ^ pSCOAMA-aOSOF THB PaK8ID*U...
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THE ASSASSINATIONS IN NORFOLK. H—WBB* Wy...
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Frbb Trams.—The progress olFree Trade pr...
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TO THE PEOPLE OF ENGLAND . Leiisb IX. Fb...
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According to offioial returns, the expMt...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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* .* ¦ . . F -. ». * ,- 1 I. December S0...
* . * ¦ . . _f -. _» . * ,- 1 i . December S 0 184 & _. . j - THE _NORTHEftK STAR 7
Colonial Anir Ffovtictxi
_colonial anir _ffovtictxi
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FRAKGEs _~~~ _^ _pSCOAMA-aOSOF THB PaK 8 ID _* U * T OF TOT _bspebiic We announced the proclamation , of the newl _* . elected Presideat in last Saturday ' s _Smb _Twe now give . the following additional _-jarticnlar-, Aa tha government had received information that it was the intention ef certain personi to take advantage of tha ceremony of the iMnguratioa of the President ofthe Republic , for the purpose of endeavouring to raise an cmeute in the ( tretta of Paris , it was * _^ l _?^*^ -l _^ nmrat 0 f General Cavaig * aj-. _and that of tha P « ri _&« tL- * f , Napoleon Boni-• parte , that the cetemony of the official proclamation of the President _ahooldtake place on _Wednesdav Deeember 10 , instead of Thursday , so that the diuK fected being taken by _sara-ise _, might ba thus preventedfrom distarhing the puttie tranquility . _Accordingly , at four o ' olock on Wednesday , the President elect _prpeeeded tothe National JaSuJS
¦ fr v *_ _" _**_ i » "i r » wi _rosa to tay tha _Comimttee badeiurged him to announce to the National f _«^^« t * . e CitUenlK » uU N _*^ eon B « iS _aSB puS { SSS 5 * Pr 8 Sident 0 f tb 9 _Befmc _- The President-General _Caraignad demands to speak . ( Deep silence . ) _^ _irS . Ca _IW ° . ( ia a _- fina « ice } .-Icome here _relation of the Ministry . 1 have also to state that IS _^ _i _^" i ? J 0 " _* - _¦& _&* office of _President of fee Council , whieh yon were pleased to fiffi ? _^ _^ _AB _^ Wy will fae abletocompre _fwTf _^^ i _^ _^^ _^^^ _tte _gratitude that I feel ta * t for the -great kindnesa which it has pleased to testify towards meall the time tbat I « _rennsed that power , ( L oud cheers , which , listed _somaGme . )
The hon . general then , on descending from the Tribune , passed his former place and seated himself lower down on the Left , near the place whew M . de Lamartzne dually sits ; The President—I newahall pnt the report of the oommittee to tha Tote . ___ This * was done , and every member , without exception , stood np in its favonr . The President , in a load voioe , then said . —In the - name of the French people , before God , and in presence of the National _Asaembly—seeinj that Louis Napoleon Bonaparte haa obtained tbe absolute
majority required by Arti . 47 and 48 of the _Constitation—I proclaim him to be President of the French Republie Democratic , one and indivisible , from tho present day to the second Sunday of May , 1852 . I invite the new President to eome forward and take the oath required by the Constitution . [ M . Lonia Napoleon then csme forward and ascended the tribune . ] The foilowing is theoath : —* Before God , andin the presence of tha French people , represented bj the National Assembly . 1 swear to remain faithful to the Republic , ' and that I shall always forward its interests , in all re spects . '
il . Lonis Napoleon Bonaparte , in a loud voiceswear . ( The loudest cries of' Viva la _Republique ! here arose ; one voice responding with the cry of 'Vive fc Constitution ! ' ) The President—The tribune is to the President of the Republic . ( Marks of the greatest interest . ) The President of the Republic then read the following address : — ' Citiim Representatives , —The suffrages of the nation , and the oath I have just taken , trace out for rne my future conduct I shall follow it as a man of honour . I shall regard as enemies of osr country all tbose who should attempt to change by illegal means what all Franca has established . ( Hear . ) Between yon and me .
Citizen Representative ? , there cannot beany real different * : * of opinion . Onr wishes , our desires are the Fime . I wish , like you , to place society on its true bases ; to strengthen _demcsraUc institutions , and to _alleviate the miseries of that generous and intelligent peepje wbich hai just given me snch a striking proof of its confidence . The majority which I hare obtained sot only penetrates me with gratitude , bat it will give to the new government that moral force without which there is no authority . With peace and order our country can again improve—oan cure its _rounds—bring back the men that have been misled , and calm down passion ! . Animated by a sincere spirit of conciliation , I bave called round me capable and patriotic men , who , in spite ef the diversity of their political origin , are ready to devote themselves with you to the application ofthe
Constitution , the improvement of the laws , aad the glsry of the Republic . A government coming into power owa a debt of thanks to its predecessors when tbe deposit of ita authority is handed over to it intact , acd in particular 1 owe it to tha hon . General Cavaignac to say that his conduct is worthy of the generosity of his character , and that sentiment of duty which is the first quality of a statesman . ( Hear , sear . ) We have , cib _" z * n representatives , a grand _BUs-don to fulfil—to found a Repubiie in the interest of all , and a just and firm government which shall be animated by a sincere desire of progress , withont being either reactionary or Utopian . let ns be the sen of the country , not the men of a party ; and , with the aid of Goo ' , we will at least do good , if we cannot achieve great things . ' ( Loud applause . ) The address wu followed by loud cheers , and
The President of the Repnblio then left the tribune , and going down the centre of the haute , _proceeded ta the seat of General Cavaignac , and shook Mm warmly by the hand . The President—I have to state to the Assembly that M . 0 . Barrot has been empowered to form a new Ministry . The President of tha Republic thsn left tha _Asismbly _. in company with H . 0 . Barrot , M . L . de _MallevHle , and other _representatives . A procession was afterwards formed , and the President of the Republio was conducted to his official residence , the Palace of the Elysee National , ciderail Elysee Bourbon .
THS SEW _HTJUSIBY . At six o'clock on Wednesday evening the President ef _thelNatienal Assembly received the _foBowicg message from th _9 President of the Republic : — 'M . le President , I request yoa to announce to the National Assembly , that in conformity with Article 64 of the ( _institution , I have , by a decree of this day , named : — M . Odillon Barrot , Minister of Jastice , charged with the Presidency of the Council of Ministers in the
_absence of tbe President of the Republic . M . Droajn de Lhuys _. Minister of Foreign Affairs . II . Leon de _MalleriUe , Minister of the Interior . M . _RuMeres , the Minister ef War . 31 . de Tracey , Minister of tha Marine and Colonies . M . Falloux , Minister of Public Instruction aud Worship . M . Leon Faucher , Minister ef Publio Works . 31 . Bixio , Minister of Agriculture . M . Passy ( _Hrppolite ) . Minister of Finances .
_^* lece _? tM-rasieurlePreMdent . ths asturance of oy high consideration . ' LOT-IS _NiPOLSOSBoSlPiSIK . ( Countersigned ) * _Odiixos B abbot , Minister of Justice . AdesreeaDpearedintbeMoNiTsuaot Thursday , nominating Marshal Bugeaud commander-in-chief of tie Army of the Alps . Another decree nominates General _Chssgarnier commander of the first military division , which includes all the _regular troops quartered in th ; department of the Seine , as well as the Nations' Guard of that department , and the Girde Mob'le . Another decree appoints Colonel _Rcbeillot Prefect of _Pol'ce . M . _Recurt has resigned fca office of the Prefecture ofthe Seine . M . Etienne Arago , Director-ueneralof the Post Office , has also resigned .
m Paris . Friday . —It is expected that the new ministry will communicate ita _programme to the _Chamfcsr oa Tuesday text . By decrees issued yesterday , tbe President of the Republic haa made tbe following appointments : —M . _BMtebe , representative of the _PMpIe . to 6 s _Procureur-GeEeral at the Court ef Appeal of Paris ; M . Berger , representative ef the _Wople , mayorof the second arrondissement , to be Prefect of the Seine ; M . Amedee Thayer , member ofthe municipal _eornmission . wounded in the days of Jane at the head of his battalion , to he _Diiector-Cintral of the Post Office ; M . Dubost , late administrator of tbe Post Office , to be reinstated in his fcoctiens . By a decree of tbe Ministerof thelnterier -l _» dated yesterday , he names M . Castaudet ,
_wrocate , to be chief of hia cabinet Pabis . Tuhdav . —Mr Odillon Barrot opened the proceedings of tho day by reading , aa President of tae Council , a paper which proved to be a declaration of the principles of the Cabinet . The paper in question made but slight referenoe to foreign politics , _^ _fcicb . were passed over by a general declaration of the inconveniance that would attend allnaions tonegociationi that had been opened , and which " » ers only in progress . He would promise , however , that France would not rashly engage her word , and "tart what she pledged herself to undertake ahonld he carried out . The document turned almost _exewahely on the internal -dtuation of the _eountry-T _Upoa the necessity of restoring confidence by establishing material and moral order , and placing on an indestructible basis the Repubiie they had founded and would affirm . Order , ha eaid , should be maintained , ** ea to the extent of restorinr order to tbo mind .
Disorder should be crashed , for on no other condition eoold society be _watored . Confidence , labour , mdeitry , all depended open it . Ha aaid that the _go"Wmiaent would revive and encourage ihe nmtflt *« ociatian by iridiridnals for tha execution of public _ater-mses . This promise , wbich implied a _renunsJation of the doctiine of the _Itepnmwani party relative to the -re-sumption of "railway ! and the mterfertnoe of the State , was loudly applauded . # M . Ledra Rollin then _roae to put some _ate-T _* ' Utwai to the government with tetpeotto the xtnh tary powers conferred open General Ohangaxmer , CMnmsnner-in , Chief of the National Giwrf of Puis , and of the first military division . He was to-rested , M . Ledra Rollin aaid , with power oontrary to tha _Comtitutiofl and to the law of 1 BW . _Bytha _po-werT _gi-fante him . General Chaiigttnier * _Mirrespo _*** _nblland would be « o » edangewua to the _UbertieseftfeeStata .
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Wtt » ft _&^ tta th 9 Min » " « of 2 _SS _^ _Mf Cabinet , took upon themselves A _, _^ £ ?? _W tha _gating of those _poS ? _Aii respected . thsi _oneation of legality . M . Bam *' made some _lengtheaed remarks , which were ir ? _IHSUlSSf _^ the _»¦* _-KountiS ' tha _^ _Jrt DieaaPe . its 8 lf * He _^ fendedHon theground of the necessity of placing an effioient power ia- the handa of ona effioient _person at aS 1 The _Aisemh ' y passed to the order sf the day . mv r „ - _^ - _^ _K-ecnoii . _aAAZtrl _^ _- _^ 6 ntl 8 tateof tha Poll , ar , _mSto _* - CommittM of-to Assembly to the Number of Voters in the 86 departments , not including Algiers , „„ 744 a _* rii Number of vote * expressed _, 7 42 J ; 253 Majority of votes expressed . ' . s , 113 . l 27 Louis Napoleon Bonaparte 5 534 520 Cavaignao . ..... ; ..... 1 , 448 302 Ledra-Rollin 37 L 431 Raspail _Mt # . 36 . 964 Lamartine m _llfili _Changamier 4 _^ 7 Divers votes „ ,. 12 . 431 tt a _*» a- , . 7 , 425 . 252 Unconstitutional vetes .... 23213 - . , « , T oJa ! as above ......... 7 , 449471 M . Napoleon Bonaparte hu been commissioned by the President to _annonnos to the courts of Brussels and the Hague the installation of ths President He will then proceed to London where he will make the same communication , and wbere he will continue as Minister of the Republic . One of the motives which have prompted thiB measure is the strong political _diff-rence which exists between M . Napoleon Bonaparte and his cousin . M . Napoleon Bonaparte has been always closely connected with the ultrademocratio party , to which the President of the Re * pnblio ia decidedly opposed . To avoid , therefore , tbe manifestation of dissension in the family . M . _Nanoleon Bonaparte takes an embassy . _ Ths ex King Jerome Bonaparte , uncle of ths Pro .
ndent af the Republic , has been appointed Governor of the Invalides , ih the place of Marshal Moliter , who is named Grand Chancellor of the iWon of Honour . The _Ritobmb contains the following information : A C 1 BIHST COUKCIt BUMS WOTS IUPOLbON B 0
_XAPABTB . ' The pol _' cy of the President of the French Republic is about to be vigorously traced out . France is to be _muda to return to the European concert , out of which sha was taken 6 y the resolution of February . A Ho _' y Alliance was agreed upon the day before y ester-lay . . _Dso . 24 th , ina council of ministers held three days after the installation of 31 . Louis Napoleon Bonaparte . This Holy Alliance has for its object to re establish tha Pope on his legitimate throne , by the force of French , Austrian , aad Neapolitan bayonets . It would be proposed immediately to ihe Austrian government , and to the King of Naples . Such is the decision that was taken yesterday in a council of ministers nnder the Presidence of Ltrais Nap oleon _Bonanartfl ; Hm fant
is guaranteed to us by persons worthy of faith , and ** e could even name the high _personaje * ofthe day who have committed the indiscretion of revealing it . France , Austria , and the King of Naples , will restore his Holiness the Pope as temporal prince . The three protecting powers will keep alternately garrisons at Rome : France iato fura . Bh . be first garrison _, _(^ mmentaries are nseless . Franca , directed by the nepbewof tea Emperor Kapoleon , makinc alliance with revolutionary Austria , stained with blood and filth , with the Bourbon of Naples , worthy friend of Austria , te establish a sovereign on his throne , and to mozr ' e a people who have dared to cry _« Liberty and independence . ' The faot speaks aloud . It is such as dared not have entered the head of Lonis Philippe . ' The PATaie denies the troth of this statement .
TheBiEN Public , which was the organ of M . de Lamartine , having ceased to appear , the two prinoi * pal editors . MM . Peliatan and A . de Ia _Guerronulere , bave Joined the Passat : On Snnday a military review took place , which wss attended by tbe President . Notwithstanding tha coldness ofthe weather , the rappel- wai generally responded to , and by half-past eight all the legions ware assembled in tfae positions Dreviously set apart for them . The troops collected in their respective positions at a somewhat earlier hour . At one o'clock the filing oS had terminated , and everything passed off inthe most admirable order .
PE & SSCOTIO _** OP THB _DSUCCBATS . M . _Valleton , described as a student , was convicted by default before the Court of _Assize of Paris , on Friday last , of having reopened a political clnb which had been closed by the authorities . He was sentenced to imprisonment for eight months , and to be deprived of his civic rightB during eight years . MM . Merlieux , Valleton , Muirson , Charles Dupoaey , Henri Dnponey _, and Bouchier , were next tried—the first for having delivered a speech at tte dab of tbe Rue de _Ciaronne , in which be insulted religion and morality , and Ihe others for aiding and abstting him . . M . Merlienx was sentenced , by default _, to imprisonment for fifteen months , and te pay a fine of two thousand francs . The others were sentenced to imprisonment for periods varying from two to three months , and to pay fines varying in amount from two hundred to two thonsand francs .
TBS BBS _BKPUBUC . A banquet of Freneh , German , and other foreign _Socialist _Democrats took place on Sunday at the Barriere da Maine ; 450 persons were present , and amongst them were fifty ladies . No representatives attended . There were inscriptions to Barbe ? , _Blauqui , Messenbauser , Albert ,- Blum , Raspail , Louis Blano , Caussidiere , and Conrtais , and in the centra was written ' Vive 1 & Republique Demccrattqae et Socials . ' The toasts were given in the following order : 'To France , the focus of light—to the holy alliance of nation ? , ' by M . Alpuhn , a German ; ' To democratic Germany , ' by M . Leger ; 'Tothe intellectual and material alliance of France and Germany , ' by M . Heverdet ; ' To Robespierre , Couthon , _StJJast . and aU . tbeir BQCcessors . ' Tbis toast was reponded to by loud cries of ' Garmany for ever 1 ' ' The universal Republio for ever ! ' M . Kowinski
_proposed a tonst' To the memory of those who died defending tbe Democratic and Social Republic ( the insurgents oftTune ) _, and to the return of tbose who are suffering for it . ' M . Albert Maurin gave , _Revolutionary measures ; * M . Hesse , ' Tranquillity and a pacific propaganda ;* M . Herve , * Our German brethren , and to sll martyrs whom they have left on tbe road of liberty . ' Several speeches were delivered . M . Kopper , a German , recommended the French and German democrats to unite and to act against the common enemy . * As tboy have trampled on tbe dead _badiea of our brothers , * said he , ' we mast trample en theirs , for a revolution cannot be complete nntil satisfaction be given to the entire nation . ' Tbis speech was received with immense app ) an < e . M . _Rnpoli , an Italian democrat , protested against a French intervention to crush tbe progress of _dsmocrsoy in his country . After some patriotic songs the _meeting separated .
GERMANY . THS G 2 RUAH PABX 1 _AMKNT . M . Von Gagem ( late President of the Assembly ) has been appointed President of the Council of Ministers . Tbe programme of the new minister has excited eeneral disapprobation . PRTJSSIAi—The Attorney General is busily employed in collecting evidence against those members of the late National Aesembly who took steps to publish in the provinces the resolution of the Assembly respecting the non-payment of taxes . BAVARIA . —A journeyman tailor at Muniob , who was the editor of a Journal entitled , _Lbithbbx bb Light , was arrested on the 18 th , and is to be brought to trial for high treason , with tho editor ef another journal not yet arrested . The tailor was at the head of an association of workmen .
AUSTRIA is in a state of finanoial _cnsia from which there seems to be ne prospect ef escape . __ Tba _Wuarsa Zsrnjse states that _Frans _Fizia , of Silesia , aged 54 years , has been _sentenoed to twelve years' imprisonment , for participating in ananneo riot ; and thst Fracz Nolle , of Styria , intheartil * lery . has been condemned to eight years' hard labour , in heavy irons , at the fortifications , for desertion , and participation in the revolt . ' . ' The same paper contains the Mowing particulars illfated _CThauser
respecting the property of the - _Mes- : As various erroneous reports are in circulation which ara inserted both in the national and foreign journals respecting tbe property of Herr Messenhauser , we give the following authentic particulars from an _^ u * thentie source , whioh will show the actual state of the ease . It appears from the will of _Mewnnauser , which hasbeen published by our magistrates , that he left 200 guilders in _caihin the hands of toe magistrates , besides linen , wearing apparel , books , and fib .- *** works . _Amone the latter is , 'A Tale of
Antiquity . ' in 10 vols ; a romance , ™ M « Argonauts ; ' and a drama in five aots , « Gold has its Weight . ' These works are all in manuscript , and are complete . There ara also various unfinished _hter- _^ rodurtions . thevalue ef which will be decided by some futaro historiographer . According to tbe latest intelligence from Galicia , the fostered animosity between the Polish and Lu thenian races is more violent than ever , it- is now clear that the Austrian government tely upon the latter for doin £ -in case of another Polish insuiw tion-the sanguinary work which tho Gabon peasants some time ago performed , and now bitterly regret
. „ _ . _„„„„ , „ _,, THE WAR IN HUNGARY . ( From the correspondent of the Times . ) _Vikwa , _Dsc . n .-Coloael Frischeisen _* nade on _ttsllthaditeraiDfl against the _uwuKefltteMpain his front , and obtained considerable advMtage orer them , _whileField-MarshalLieutenantCount Charles Schlick _tookpowsoioa ofthe towns of Entries and On the Uth inst General Simonioh attacked the defiles of JablomU and _oompalled the _Magyuforoes
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_fcl _;^ tb A _fc iDt 0 T _^ an ' _Amounts from Tyrnau , to . the Itch mst ., state that the insurgent Magyars , after having retired before the approach of Ganeral Simonioh ' s corps , and made good their retreat to Szered , were considerably reinforced from _tYesburg , and resisted the maroh of the imperial _troaps near Tyrnau . General Simonioh attacked them in their positioia at four o ' clock p . m ., on the 16 th inst ., and beat them , after an enBaeement of two hours' duration . The Magyars lost five pieces _ofartillery _. one standard , W _6 prisoaers , and fortythree horses . * The setting in of night prevented the impenal troopi from following up their advantage . The corps of General Simonioh took possession of the of and
city Tyrnau its environs . _Field-Marahal the Prince Windisohgratz commenced , on the 16 th , a general ritconnoissance from his camps at Brook , on the Leither andPrellenkirohen . He extended his troops , consisting of the 1 st corps of the army aud the reserve corps , on all sides , and offered the Magyars battle , which they refused to fake , but retired on all points . The defenoe of two villages wu indeed attempted , but it was given np after a smartish cannonade from the imperial artillery . A brigade of horj-e was pushed againBt the small town of Banmun , wlenupoa the Magyars quitted the place , and made _googi'thek retreat to Hungarian-Altenburg , and tba- imperial troops seizsd upon Kasimizhof and RUtsee .
Field-Marshal Prince Windischgralz advanced his outposts on the right bsnk of the Danube , opposite to Presburg , on the 17 th . The left bank of thst river _*« occupied by another ceres , which , withont meeting with any resistance , had taken possession of Stampfin ; the outposts were pushed _cloia to the fortifications of _Presburg . From the army bulletins we extract the following additional particulars : —On the 16 th , a detachment Of troops took by Btorm the little town of Volka Brodersdorf ( where twenty-eight Magyar soldiers , including two officers , wera captured ) , and then
marched to Klingenbach . The Magyar troops who retired before Windisohgrafz , fell baok on Wieselbur , On tha 16-. li , the head quarters of the Ban of Gttatia were at the Rasimer farm-house , near Altenburg . He had previously driven the left flank ofthe Magyars beyond Zurndorf in the direction of the _Neuisidler Lake . On the 17 th . the second army corps ( under Lieutenant Field-Marshall Wehner ) were to cross the March , attack Neudorf . and advance over the heights towarda Presburg , whilst the main body advanced along the right bank of the Danube towards _Eogenau .
Letters from Agrum , of the 12 th , state that Pesth journals of the 8 th assert tbat the Hungarian Diet has denounced as traitors all persons who acknowledge the new Emperor of Austria as King of Hungary . ( From the Dally News . ) We have accounts from Vienna to the 19 th , but no confirmation ef the victories claimed in the army bulletins to whioh we referred yesterday . In fact , according to the _Nscs _Rheihibchi _Zbitunu of Cologne / letters from Teschen , which arrived in tho Aostrisn capital at the above date , positively assert , that _Friescheisen , instead of having , as officially reported , gained a brilliant viotory at Sillein , was driven across the frontiers into Austria Proper , with the loss of many cannons . It is announced in the aame Journal , that Presburg haa not been takes . The Wieksb Zeiimo complains of the sympathy felt here and there for Kossuth .
( From the Morning Chronicle . ) Advices from Vienna of the lOtb , fully confirm the fall of PreBburg . The National Guard laid down their arms , and the Magyars withdrew . The latter purposed , it is eaid , making a stand at Raab . Letters from Pancrowa Btate that the Hungarians hsd attacked the head camp of the Servians , and taken it by storm . The Hungarians were preparing tq cross the Drave , with the intention of bombarding Legrad . Accounts from _Herrmanstadt state tbat the Hungarians had evaouated Transylvania . Knbliza , the self-installed King of the peasants of Bukowina , has been taken prisoner . Later accounts from the army of Windischgralz state that his troops had suffered greatly from cold and privation . Several _picquets had been frozen to death . The success of his invasion of Hungary was considered doubtful .
ITALY . Rojis . —The _Risohqimbsio of Turin publishes in its number ef the 16 th inst . the text of tbe decree of the two Chambers of the llth inst ., provisionally depriving the Pope of temporal power . It is as fellows : —* The two Chambers sanctioned the following decree , proposed by tbe commission of five , witb tbe assent of the ministry : —A commission of three persons sball be elected , for the purpose of carrying on the government in the absence of the Executive powers . The members of this committee shall be elected by the Chambers from persons ' not forming part of them , acd by an absolute majority . This _commissien sball exercise , in the name of the Pope , all the functions of the executive power . It shall discontinue iU functions on the return of the Sovereign Pontiff , or when he shall himself appoint , according to constitutional forms , a government destined te replace it .
Dec . 12 . —Today the commission has been named in the persons of the tbree senators ( lord mayors ) of Rome , Bologna , and Ancona , who will forthwith enter on their funotions , and meet atthe Q , uirinal palace . It now becomes a matter of small importance what may be the future resolves of the pilgrims or prisoners of Gaeta . As long as the cardinals can contrive to forego tbe luxuries of life which tbe stoppage ot tbeir salaries ( 4 , 000 dolkra each annually ) will cut short , so long , and no longer 1 will tbesB functionaries persist in their opposition to the unanimous determination of the Roman laity , town and provinces . It will take some time to convince-tbem that this is no dogmatical , or polemical , or canonical controversy , but a mere matter of secular _busioes ; and as soon as they open their eyes to that simple fact their arrival may be looked for at the gates of the Roman treasury .
Dec . 14 . —We are now returned to the govern * ment of the Triumvirs , viz , Prince Coreini , with the gonfaloniers of Ancona and Bologna , after a lapse of 2 . 500 years . Everything is in the utmost calm . The speculations of French and other journals as to Rome being the theatre of rapine , slaughter , and every imaginable disaster , are quite melancholy delusions . The Irish papers are peculiarly insane , and miserably ignorant as to facts . But thia is not wonderful . Tbe French flotilla iB eff Civita Vecohia , bnt creates no alarm here .
The following , it is said , are the conditions on which the Pope will consent to return to Rome : — Recognition of the oommiaiion named by him . Dismissal ofthe Ministry . Dissolution and re-formation of the Civic Guard . Momentary suspension of the liberty of the press . The Naziojiale of the 18 th says , that since the flight of the Pope , the Roman population eagerly demand to be oalled on , by universal suffrage , to recompose the political powers which should govern them under present ciroumstances ; and that if these wishes are not oomplied with , and an Assembly of Representatives elected by universal suffrage convoked ,- disunion will assuredly show itself in the provinces . Pisdhont . —The Gioberti ministry have published their programme , in which they declare that Italian independence cannot be achieved without war .
UNITED STATES . SHIS _pbisidbst _' s message . The Message was presented to Congress on the 5 th instant . " The document commences by refe * rente to IHS POUTICAL _COKVOtSIOffS OF IHB _HUBOPtfAN
CONTINENT . In reviewing the great events of the past sear , and contrasting the agitated and disturbed state of other countries with our own tranquil and happy condition , we may congratulate ourselves that we ore the most _favsurad people on the face of the earth . While the people of other countries an struggling to establish free Institutions , under wbicb maa may govern himself , we are In tha actual _eDJoyment of . them—a rich Inheritance from o » fathers . While enlightened nations of Europe are convulsed and dlitracteiJ by civil war or _Inteitlne strife , ws _lettle all our political _controrerstes by the hts of free at the ballot
peaeefal exercise of tbe rig men - box . The great _rtpublloanmaxim , so deeply _eBgraren on the hearts of our people , tbat tbe will of lb _» majority , _consatullonoUy expressed , shall prevail , _lspur _^ sure safe _, guard against force and violence . It is a _snbject of just pride , tbat our fome and character as a nation eondnne rapidly to ad-ance in tbs _eiamaHon of the _el-Msed world . To our wise and free Institutions it is to beattribute * , that while other natJoni bave aehlered glory at the price 0 ! the _infferlng , distress , and Impoverishment of their people , we have won our honourable position _intbemldstof an _unlht »** _'uptea prosperity , sua of an increasing _indlvtAal comfort _sndbspplnew _.
The gorernmeat and _psopls of the United States hailed with _entbuslUBi and delight tbe eitabllibment of the Frenoh Republic , as we now ball tho _tfforts In progresi to unite tbe Stateiot Germany In a confederation dmUar in man * respects to oar own federal Union . If the treat and enlightened German States , occupying as they do a central and _cotfmandteg position In Europe , shall lucceedln esUMUblog wob a confederated govern _, ment , securing at tbe same time to tbe _oitfceni of each State lecal _governmenti adopted to the peculiar condition ot eaob , _wifhUBiestrActedtradeaudtatw _<»* BW *« _«*> each other . It will be an important era la tbe history of human eventi . While tt will consolidate and strengthen the power ef Germany , it _rauit uuntlally promote the _oisse of peace , _eommeroa , civilisation snd constitutional liberty throughout the world . Alluding to the friendly connexions existing between the States and Mexico , the Message adds , beforo
THI IATX WAS WITH MIXICO . _Europesnsnd other foreign powers entertained taper _, _tectand _erroneottivlewi of our physical strengths ! s nation , and of eur ability _toproiecuts war , and eipe . dally a war waged out of our own country . They saw that our _staadiog army , on the _psftM establishment , did
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not exceed ten thousand men . Accustomed themselves to maintain , In peace , large _Btandiiig armies , for the protection of thrones , against tbeir enn subjects , as well as against foreign . enemies , they bad not conceived that It was possible for a nation witbout snoh an army , well disciplined and of long service , to wage war successfully . Tbey held in lor ? repute oar militia , and were far from regarding tbem as aa _effaotlve _fsree , unless It might be for tbe temporary defensive operations when Invaded on our own soil . Tho events of the late war with Mexico have net only undeceived them , bnt bsve removed erro . naous Impressions whioh prevailed to some extent even among a portion of ear own countrymen , That war has demonstrated that upon tbe _breaaing out of hostilities not anticipated , and for which no previous preparation
had been made , a volunteer army of citizen soldiers , equalto veteran troopi , and In _numotri equal , to any emergency , ean , lu a short period , be brought Into the field . Unlike what would have occurred in sny other conntry , we were under no ne . _ceislty of resorting to drafts or ooniorlptlons . On the contrary , suoh was tbe numbir of volunteers who patriotically tendered their aervloei , tbat the ohlef dlSotilty was in making relet Hoe a and determining who , should be disappointed and compelled to remain at borne . Ourcltlzen soldiers are unlike those drawn from tbe population of any other country _. They ara composed indiscriminately of all profession * and pursuits ; of farmers , lawyers , physicians , merchantsmechanics
, , and labonrers ; and thle , not only among the officers , but the private soldiers In tbo ranks . Our citizen soldiers are unlike those of any ether country In other respeots , Tbey are armed , and havo been . aconstomed , from their youth up , t * handle and use fire _, arms ? and a large proportion of them _. _e-peoial ' y In tbo western andmotenawly settled states , are _fxpertmarksmen . . Tbey are men who have a reputation to maintain at home by tbeir good conduot In the field . They ore Intelligent , aud there is an Individuality of charaoter which Ib found lo the ranks of no other array , In battle , each private maD , as well as every officer , fights not oaly for Mb country , but for glory and distinction amoDg his fellow _oltiseni when he shall return to civil life .
TUB MEW 1 _EBBITOBICS . The area , of these _sbvmbI territories _ITeaas , Hew Mexico , nnd California ) , according to a report carefully prepared by the Commissioner of the Ganeral Lsnd Office , from the most authentic information in bis possession , and wbioh is herewith transmitted , contains one million oae hundred and ninety . three tbousand and sixty ene square miles , or seven hundred and Biity . three million five hundred and fifty _. nino thousand end forty acres ; while tbe area of tho remaining twenty-nine States , and the territory not yet organised Into States , east of tbe Rocky Mountains , contains two millions , fifty .
nine _tbouiasd five hundred and thirteen square miles , or thirteen _hnndrtsd , and eighteen million one hundred and twenly . slx thousand and nfty . e ' ght acres . These esti . mates show tbat the territories recently acquired , and over whlob our _exoluilvc jurisdiction and _dominion bave been eztendii , _oonidtuto a country more than half as large as all that which wbs held by the United States before tbeir acquisition . The Mississippi , so lately the frontier of our conntry , Is now only its centre . Witb tbe addition of the late acquisitions , the United States are now estimated to be nearly as large ss the whole of Europe .
IHB _GOU > MINES lit CALIfOBNM . It waB known that mines ofthe preclons metals existed to a considerable extent in California at the time bf its acquisition . Recent discoveries render it probable that these mines are more valuable than was anticipated _. The aoeounts of the'abundance of gold la tbat territory era of suoh an extraordinary character as would _soaroely command belief wete the ; not corroborated by the au * _thentlc reports of officers in the pablio service , who have visited the mineral district , and derived the facts -which they detail from personal observation . Reluctant
to credit the reports In general circulation as to the quan . tlty of gold , the officer commanding onr forces In Oall . _fornla visited the mineral distriot in July last , for the purpose of obtaining _actmrate Information on the sub . ject . When he visited tho country , tbere were about four thousand persons engaged lu collecting gold . There is every reason to believe that the number of persons EC employed bas sinoe beea augmented ; The explorations already made warrant the belief tbat the [ supply is very large and that gold Is found ot various plscis in an extensive district 0 ' tbe country .
That we may tbe more speedily and folly avail our . selves of the undeveloped wealth of theee mines , it is deemed of v & stimporfaooe tbat a brsneb of tbe Mlet of the United States be authorised to be established , at yoor present ses-ion , in California . Among other signal ad . vantages which would result frem snch an establishment woald be tbat of raising tbe _valae of gold to Its par value in that territory . A branch mint of the United States st the great commercial depot on the west coast would convert Into onr own coin not only the gold derived from onr own rich mines , but also the _balllon and specie wbicb our commerce may bring from tbe whole west coast ot Central and South America . Tbe west _ooast of America and tbe adj . cent interior embrace tbe richest and best mines of Mexico , Sew Granada , Central _Amerioa , Chili , and Peru , Tbe bullion and specie
drawn from tbese countries , aud especially from tboie of Western Mexico and Peru , to an amount in value ot many Billions of dollars , are now annually diverted Bnd oarrled by the ships of Great Britain to her own ports , to be recolned or used to sustain her national bank , and thus contribute to increase her ability to command so much of the commerce of the world . If a branoh mint bs established at tbe great commercial point npon that coast , a vast amount ef bullion and specie would flow thither to be recolned , and _psss thence to New Orleans , New York , and other Atlantic cities . The amount of our constitutional currency would be greatly increased , _wh'Ia its circulation wool ! be promoted . It Ib well known to our merchants _traglng to China andthe we ° t coast of America , that great inconvenleaoe end _loBiare experienced from the fact that our coins are not current at their par value in those countries .
The _pewm of _Europe , far _ransved from tbe west coast of America by tbe Atlantic ocean which intervenes , and by a tedious and dangerous navigation around tbe _touthern cape of the continent of America , can never _susceiiAiry compete with the United States in the rich and extensive commerce which Is opened' te us at so much lets coit by tbe acquisition of California . The establishment of regular Governments in the new territories is urgently recommended . The message then proceedB to deal with tbe question of
_BliVEKT IH TBE NE _| _V TE 8 _BIT 0 _BICS , The question is believed to be rather abalraot than practical , whether slavery ever can or would exist in any portion ofthe acquired territory , even If it were left to the option of tbo slave-holding States themselves _. From the nature of the climate end production- , in mnch the larger portion of it , it Is oertaln it oonld never exist ; and in the remainder , tbe probabilities are it woald not . Bat however thiB may be , the question , Involving , as it does , a principle of equality of rights of the separate and several States , as equal oo-partners in the confederaoy , should not be disregarded .
If Congress _iball abstain from Interfering with tte question , the people of these territories will be lefe free to adjust it as tbey may think proper when they apply for _admls-lea as States Into the Union . No enactment of Congress could restrain' tbe people ef any of the soverelgn States of the Union , old er new , north or south , slaveholdlng or _non-tlaveholding , frem determining the charaoter of their own domestic institutions as they may deem who and proper . Any and all tbe States possess thli right , and Congren cannot deprive them of it ,
If Congress shall now reverse the decision- by _whkh the Missouri compromise was tff * cted , and sball propose to extend the restriction over the whole territory South as well a * North of tbe _parellel of tbiriy-six degrees thirty minntes , it will _conse to ba a compromise , and mutt be regarded as an original question . _^ Congress is earnestly invoked , for the sake of the Union , its harmony , and eur continued prosperity as a nation , te adjust at its present session tbii , the only qaestion which lies in onr path . ' The Message then speaks *
of—INDIAH B 1 _BTDBBAKCE 8 IH OB ICON . The Immediate and only oauie of the existing hoBtl . lity of the Indians of Oregon is represented to bave been tbe long delay of the United States in making to them some trifling compensation , in snch artloles as they wanted , for tbe oountry now occupied by eur emigrants , wbicb the Indians claimed , and orer wbicb tbey formerly _roamed . Tbis compensation bad been pro . mlsed to tbem by tbe temporary government established in Oregon , but its fulfilment has been postponed from
time to time , for nearly two years . Tbe Indians became at length distrustful of tbeir good _faitb , and sought redress and plunder and massacre , whioh finally led to the present difficulties . In this Indian war oar fallow citizens of Oregon , being compelled to take the field ia tbeir own defence , bare performed valuable military services , and been subjected to expenses which have fallen heavily upon them . Justice demands tbat provision should be made by CmgreBi to compeniate them for their serf ices , and refund to them the necessary xpenies which they have Incurred .
I repeat the recommendation heretofore made to Congress mat provision ba made for the appointment of a suitable number ef Indian agents te reside among tbe tribes of Oregon , and that a small turn be appropriated to enable these . agents to oultlrate friendly relations witb tbem . If this be done , the presence of a amall military force will be all that is necessary to keep thim in check , and preserve peace . The Treasury report is very satisfactory . The total imports were 15 i _, 0 n , _87 Q dollars ; the ex . ports , 151 , , 131 dollars . The Treasury reoeipts were W _. _. _OTO doUftM _* , tba « 08 u 4 \ ture , « , 8 _U , * _dlO _doWaiB . It Is _Oalcnlate ' d that the reoeipts of the year ending in Juno 1819 will be 57 , 618 , 969 dollars , and the expense * 54 , 195 , 275 dollar * , leaving 1 balance of nearly 3 , 009 , 060 dollar ' s after paying tbe Mexloan _contritratlon .
The tariff bis been successful beyond even the hope of Us friends . The revenue , ior tbe _twinly-two months it _bubsDnlnoptxatton , WBB 66 , 664 , 563 dollars ; a larger sum than wos ever received in the like time before , though oommerci receives the benefit 0 f greatly _icuucbo duties . ¦ The publio debt has been reduced to 60 , 778 , 450 _dol . Ian . I _» ii our true policy , and la harmony wltb the gonlas of our institutions , tbst we should present to tbe world the n ri spectacle of a great republio , poiaeiilng
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vast resources and wealth , wholly exempt from publio indebtedness . * Th « Post Office revenues constantly _Incrsase : the mileage of its duty bas increased fifteen per cent ., yet its expenses bare been reduced mors tban fifteen per cent . If tbe same favourable advanoe continue , postages may be reduoed to a uniform oharge of five cents , and yet pay the _cbargas . of the establishment , __ The state of the naval and military _forces _. _—ttea . ties wiih the Indians , and other snbjeots , follow tba above . The Message then reviews the present
condition ot the conntry , which is said to bB' similar in some respeots to that which existed immediately after the olose of the war with Great Britain in 1815 . ' This leads to a retrospective review of the measures of publio policy whioh followed that war . This review , whioh embraces the subjects of 'banking , ' 'debt , ' ' a protective tariff , "internal improvements , ' ' the veto , ' & o , & o ., is of immense length . Many passages are of great interest , and for suoh we shall try to find room in our next number . For the present we must bring this abstract to a
C 0 NCLC 8 IO _!* . During the period I have administered tbe executive department of tbe government , great and important questions of public policy , foreign and domestic , have arisen upon which It wis my duty to aet . It may indeed be truly said that my administration bas fallen upon eventful times . I have felt most sensibly the weight of the high responsibilities devolved « p » n me , With no other object thaa tbe public good , the enduring fame , and permanent prosperity of my oountry , I have pursued the oonriotioni of my own best judgment . The impartial arbitrament ot public opinion , present and futaro , will determine hew for the publio policy I have main _, ulnsd , and the measures I bave from time so time recommended , may hare tended to advance or _retird tbe publio prosperity at home , and to elevate or depress the estimate of our national character abroad .
Invoking tho _bltsslngs of the Almighty upon your deliberations at your present important session , my ardent hope is , that in a spirit of harmony and concord , yoa may be guided to wise results , and such ai miy redound to the happiness , the honour , and the glory of oar beloved conntry . J _. ms K , Poik , Washington , December 5 tb , 1848 .
The Assassinations In Norfolk. H—Wbb* Wy...
THE ASSASSINATIONS IN NORFOLK . _H—WBB * Wymondham , Dao , 22 od . —A writ of habeas corpuB having been obtained , the prisoner Rush was on Thursday taken in custody from Norwich Castle te Stanfield Hall , that he might be present during the examination before tbe magistrates of tbe wounded servant girl , Elizi Chestney . Eliza Chestney , being sworn , said ; I am 26 years of age . I have a clear recollection of all the ciroumstances of the night of the 26 th oi Nor . About eight o'clook in the evening I . was . sitting with the 000 k in the servant ' s hall , when I heard the report of a sun , wbich I supposed to have been caused by one of the servants . Jn a tew seconds afterwards I heard another report of a gnn , I got op and went _down tbe passage towards
the hall and butler ' s pantry , intending to ask the bntler what was the matter . Beforo I . could do so I met Mrs Jermy , looking dreadfully wild . She said , ' Watson ( butler ) , Watson , Eliza , go to Air Jermy . ' I Baid , ' For God's sake what is the matter ? ' She continued sayiog ' Go to Mr Jermy . ' I then threw my arm round her waist and with the other took her hand . I said , f-My dear mistress what is the natter . ' I returned along the passage with her , and I observed , 'For God ' s sake , dontgo . ' She never spoke , but looked at me wildly . When we got down to the , door of the staircase hall , I caw my master , Mr Isaao Jermy Jermy lying on his baok on the floor , and then saw a man coming from the dining room . When I first saw him he appeared to be about a yard oat of the dining room door . I could
distinctly see the head and shoulders , but not the face or features . The light hunts at hia busk . He appeared to have upon his right shoulder a shortgun or pistol . I distinotly saw him level it , and instantly after I was shot , and in a second afterward ! another shot was fired . I saw distinctly my mistress ' s arm wounded . I then fell to the ground , having been Bhot in tha thigh . My _mistreis left me and ran along the _pusage np stairs . I twisted round Beveral times before I fell . I then gave two or three violent shrieks , and Baid , 'I am going to die . ' I called out . ' Will no one oome near me ? ' Miss Isabella Jermy passed tne , and she must have gone by the man at the doorway in the hall . Jamos Watson then came out of his pantry . He said , ' Lord have mercy npon ns , what is the matter ? ' I said , '
Watson , I am shot . ' He said , 'Can't yon move ? ' I said , 'No , don't touch me . ' I remembered no more until I heard some one shout three times , ' Where are you shot ? ' This was at the bottom ef the stair _, case , I spread my hand over my wound . Some one then said , ' Poor thing , poor thing , did yon see him ? ' I said , 'Yes . It was Rush . ' I mean that man ( pointing . to the prisoner ) . The maa I eaw in the hall had neither hat nor cap on , nor had he anything that disguised the shape of the head . The form cf the head was fist on the top and bushy , ap . parently set out round the head . He had wide _ahoalders . It seemed to be hair round the head . It was hair and I saw it distinctly . I should
think be was about tbree or four yards from me when he levelled the gun at me , but I cannot Bpeak positively ., Directly I fell , I am quite sure J heard some person pass me besides Miss Jermy . It waB my conviction at tho _timei and is bo still , that the person I saw in the hall who shot at me is the prisoner Rush . I had seen him several times before that nigbt . His dress appeared to be dark , but I speak more particularly to the head and shoulder * . I was shown a wig by Mr Henry HubberBty , a Buper intendent of police , some day last week , _Hubbersty put it on , and it brought clearly and distinctly to my mind the form of the . head of the man who shot me . I should like to see it put on the prisoner .
The wig , it will be remembered , was discovered lying at the top of a box in a closet in the prisoner ' s bedroom at Potash-farm . It has a profusion of long curled black hair , add attached toitis a wide band of bushy hair , which almost covers the lower part of the face . Rush was here attired in the wig , which considerably concealed bis features , andthe oloak . _Elizi Chestney losked at the prisoner and his disguise attentively , and tben said—My impression is , that the man now before me resembles both in height and size , and form of the he & d , the man wbo shot me . If the room was darkened , and a candle put behind the prisoner , I might probably be able to speak more positively , but I am satisfied as it ia . The _pris & ner Rush then proceeded to cross-examine the unfortunate woman : —I observed nothing else about the head hot what I have stated . I could see the whole of his head and shoulders . I was standing by the aide of the _stairoase-hall . He did not give me time to observe more than his hend and
shoulders , and the light being at his back I could not notice him so particularly : I had not time to examine carefully whether you had a oloak on . My master was lying in the staircase-ball on the mat by the door . I cannot say whether there was a light in the hall ; there was one in the dining-room . I do not know how . the dining-room was lighted up , but it was as _usua ' : I cannot say positively whether I beard of any guns being taken irom Potash Farm , but I think I heard of one . I do not recollect hearing if it was a long gun or a short gun . I have said all along that tbe man I saw in the hall had neither hat nor cap on . If I had had time , of course , I could have _distinguibhed the _drrss the man bad on , bnt , perhaps , not tbe features . I told Mr Wile . cn ( the magistrate ) who took my firet deposition , that the man bad neither hat nor cap on . Tou were in the room when I said so . I waB not then asked to describe the man ' s head . I did not obseive the whiskers , but the form ofthe head . I feel sure that the man I saw in the hall passed me , but I did net see bim .
Re-examined by the magistrates . —When I waB examined by Mr Wilson , on the evening of the 29 th of November , I was in great agony . I never lost my senses after I was brought up stairs . I feel quite sun that I never said the man had either hat or cap on , I am free from pain now . I was brought up stairs about two hours after I was shot . At the close of this examination Rush waa removed , strongly guarded ) to a fl f , and waa quickly conveyed- to his old quarters at Norwich Castle-Mrs Jermy and her moid , Eliza . Cheatoey , are pronounced by their medioal attendants to be going on favourably .
Frbb Trams.—The Progress Olfree Trade Pr...
Frbb Trams . —The progress olFree Trade prinoiple } , and the carrying out of measures conneoted therewith , are , ss prognosticated , beginning to tell fearfully upon the trade ahd property of Lincoln . Tbe price whioh farmers are now obtaining for their corn is so low that they are compelled to exercise the moBt rigid economy , and , as a consequence , the tradesmen are not taking as much weekly as will meet their expensed . Mechanics and labourers are deprived of work , and there are now no less than 280 inmates of the workhouie , whereas about eeven years ago there were only 130 . During the week before last , in Lincoln there have been two or three very serious failures , and the utmost alarm and want of confidence-universally prevails . How different the realities of Free Trade from the elyaium of hap . _niness and plenty promised by Cebden and Bright if
the Corn Laws were repealed I Sihguub _OccoaaiBcs . — Oa Monday morning as the ' mail--train upon the Newcastle and Berwick Railway was proo-eding north , and when near to CtamlinRton station , a patty of homed owls , being disturbed in their roost by the noise , made a _tnwous attack upon the engine and thoM in oharge of it . The fireman , William Gilbert , while seated in a , comfortable position in the flying locomotive , was furiously assailed , ; and { before ihe , could tha * cover the oharaoter of Mb foe waa Benously pecked in the face , and had oneo ! hia teeth forced out of its place . Such an assault at suoh a place and during the dark was _rathw _farming . wpecMj « m «* dering the extraordinary visage of his assailants , when Been only by tha glare of afire , One ofthe birds was _oaptured , vA a sturdy fellow ha is . The engine-driver , _Edr _* ' _^ Collin * , is _PMS 8 IT » 8 Mm PI _aooriosity .
To The People Of England . Leiisb Ix. Fb...
TO THE PEOPLE OF ENGLAND . _Leiisb IX . _Fbixow-Countrymbn , —It is my duty , witb snoh ability as I possess , now to trace the working of Mr William Rand ' s third and last remedy for par present national misfortunes ; to discover , if I oan , that thereby suoh an improved demand Jor our manufactures will be obtained as will brirg all tb « people into employment , and thus _seoure a demand , at remunerating prices , for a vastly increased production in agriculture .
Mr William Rand has not left us to conjecture wbat our national diseases are . They consist , he jells us , in ' that constant stream of immigration , from the rural parts of the country into tbe large townB and villages of the manufacturing districts . ' ' The numbers employed in agriculture being con * _siderably fewer than they were in 1811 , notwithstanding tbe large _inore-se in the general population of tbe country . ' ' The productions of agriculture being far less thaa the home demand requires , ' ' while the productions of manufacture have , ' JtB yean , exceeded the demand . ' The melancholy , but natural , results of suoh entire neglect in regulating our national productions , so as to meet the wants bt the people , and thus secure a demand , are declared to be ' the most depressed condition of _trade—intensive and alarming social evils —the very safety of society , in the manufacturing districts , being put in jeopardy—the _workhoutel
being filled with the destitute , and the gao _' s with the disaffected—thousands being ont of work—ban * dreds upon hundreds in this locality alone ( Bradford ) , and in many other localities also , having gold er pledged their little furniture , and their dwelling being a _speotaole of misery not to be _de-cribed—ara almost entire absence of profits—the middle classer . the shopkeepers , and other tradesmen bein ? almost eaten up with poor rates and other burdens I' ' Go , " says Mr William Rand , 'into almost alt tha various branches ot manufacturing industry , and yott will _haTdiy find any one able to get prime cost . fox anything , so completely is everything sacrificed to ' cheapness . ' ' In faot' ( these are the words of tha seconder of Mr Cobden ' B nomination !)— ' In fact . England has set up a god called ' Cheapness , ' and everything iu the shape of industry is to be sacrificed to it . ' May those words be inscribed in the most prominent part of the temple of that ' god '—the Free Trade Hall in Manchester 1
Mr W . Rand proceeds : — ' Consumers , it seems must buy oheap , no matter by what means that cheapness is attained . It is considered by tbe poli tioal economists an unmixed good , but it is a great and serious delusion . Real prosperity consists in all being employed , and selling the products of industry for more than the ; cost . ' These latter admissions , from one who occupies a a seat so near the presidential chair in the Anti-Corn Law League , are really worth a Jewess' eye . . Mr William Rand bas fairly described the national malady—he has not disguised the cause , viz ., tha great disproportion in the produce of onr different branohes of industry , as compared with our wants . He has a clear conception of what constitutes a healthy state of society , i . e ., ' All being employed , and _sellimr the products of industry for more thaa they cost . ' Mr William Rand is one of those , also ,
who believe tbat it is the duty of the Legislature to make auoh regulations aa will effect our national regeneration , for he will not allow it to be said , * that causes which put society in peril are beyond tha reach of legislation . ' The question is , has Mr William Rand proposed tbe proper remedies ? Hitherto I have failed ta disoover the _neoes « ary ingredient—increase , in hia prescriptions . I will return to their examination . Will 'Free selling as well aa free buying , or Free Trade , fully and fairly carried out , ' remove the ' cheapness' to whioh Mr William Rand objects ? Will it give employment to all ? Will it find a demand for all their productions in _agriculture as well as in manufacture , at pricea higher than they cast , allowing a fair and just remuneration , in wages , to the labourers and _artisana employed therein . If so , AU hail ! Free Trade . Thit question I will now strive to solve .
Necessarily , the first operation , under this proposed arrangement , will be , the abolition of every custom house , preventive station , and excise-office —the abandonment of every duly on imports , ex * ports , excise , licenses , and auoh stamps aa are now required in buying and sailing land , buildings , shares , and other property . The immediate discharge of every person now employed in connexion with those duties will follow as a natural consequence . Whether for good or for evil , this ia a giant * stride . Suoh _immenae changes must involve great questions , and unsettle the relative _peBitiona of great national interest ? . Tbe Chancellor of the Exchequer and the fundholders will , undoubtedly , feel somewhat uncomfortable when tbese measures are en *
forced . Those partiea I , at present , leave to meet MrWm . Rand ' s proposal as best they oan , Mf present care is , to watch the operation , of this remedjr on a olasa ef national creditors , whose just claims can never be rejected withont danger to the State—I mean the labourers . In the changes just named , I discover no increase Granted , there is an annual diversion of a very large capital into a new course . Its employment ia future ia not defined . A capital equal in amount will be required from soma other source , or Mr William Rand would have Bhown that a smaller revenue would suffice to meet the requirements of government . The derangements caused by theaa changes will be very great ; still they are not shows to add one farthing to the national capital . They
will not give employment to one additional la * bourer , but-they will add immensely to the numbers of thoae who already throng our workhouses , or , as vagrants , crowd our lanes and streets— -they wiU add to the ' cheapness' of which Mr Rand complains , increasing the number of victims to that god !' It is neither my dnty nor my wish to describe the sufferings that mmt result from these great ohanges ; at present I discover no counterbalancing good . I have said tbat tho labourers are national ere . _ditors . I would , before 1 _proceed in this examination , that their claim should be clearly understood and fully recognised . The labourers have a olaim that no Act of Parliament oan invalidate . Their labour is their property , guaranteed by right Divino : To preserve tbBt property inviolate ia the first prinoiple of society , the first duty of government , whioh , neg ' eoted ,
leaves all other property inseouro ! Nay , on the inviolability of that prinoiple , the right to all ether property reata . Fellow oountrymen , I do not say that the government should establish workshops where every man may demand employment , but I assert that every government is bound to cause such national arrangements to be made as will enable every person to find employment , with a juat remuneration for his labour . ¦ . The British Constitution is based upon that principle . Hence the reverence for the law which so signally distinguishes our raoe 1 And mark , in pro * portion to our rejection of that principle it ia _sbserv * able that the veneration for the law diminishes . It is also to be noticed that the increase ofthe poverty , distress , and crime of the people is proportionate to our disregard of that wise and safe principle in out _legislation .
When _auch a cautioua and prudent man as Mr Wm . Hand is driven to the expedient of proposing desperate measures , it is needful , at all hazards , that wo should rightly understand the basis on which all property reBts . It is necessary that we , who boast so loudly of' keeping the national faith , ' Bhould know that the national faith is broken when the labourers cannot realise the value of their property , «• e , theie labour , , The timo seema to be drawing near when it _rauBfc ba determined who are the national creditors ?
Fellow countrymen , I would inculcate thia truth , oheapnes 3 is not security . I would endeavour to convince the fundholders , and all persons of fixed incBmei , that , although for the moment they seem to gain by cheapness , that very cheapness , being obtained by breaking faitb with the labourers _^ rendera their title insecure . For , what said the late Sir John Beckett , Bart ., when addressing the electors and non-electors of Leeds i These wero his words— may his voice from the tomb be regarded by you I—by it
may you be aroused to tbe conviction of the great necessity of having every measure founded on justice —justice to tha labourer , as well as to the fundholder ! 'Peace at home , ' said Sir John , means contentment at home ; and unless we oan establish such a system of things as will a & rd men a fairer remuneration ior their labour , and enable thera to maintain themselves nnd families in comfort , thero can be no peace at homo —thero never will ba peace at home—tbere never ought to be peace at home ' . '
Fellow oountrymen , _rsnembor that , withont ' peace at _hoBoa * dividends cannot be seouro . So _^ true are the words of his Royal _Highness Prince Albert : ' Depend npon it , tba interests of those olasses which are so often contrasted sre the same . ' _^ > i In * r , y next , I hope to conclude my examination of Mr Wm , Rand ' s third and last remedy . I am , Fellow Countrymen , ¦ The Friend of the Fundholders and of the Labourers , _Richmuj OAvrtBS . Fulham _, Middlesex .
According To Offioial Returns, The Expmt...
According to offioial returns , the expMta and im * porta of the Zollverein , in 1847 in varioas article _^ were as follows ' .-Raw cotton , imported , 446 . 849 cwt . ; exported , 114 , 545 cwt . ; transit , 54 298 owt _j _H-uPhAT , imported , 139 , 109 cwt , ; exported , 5 _. TI 5 cwt ; taw iron , imported , 2 , 340 , 247 owt . ; _expiirte-L 25 859 owt . ; cwt and other iron , railB _, & c , imported , 1 , 108 . 168 cwt . ; exported , 42 , 852 « wt . t transit . 43 686 owt . Tha population of the Z ) llverein , ia 1847 , amounted to 20 , _161 , 713 wolf .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 30, 1848, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_30121848/page/7/
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