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THE LASD
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." TO THE WORKING CLASSES. 3Iv FBffiSDS,...
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A\TTi \TATTAMAT ;' 'T i R"/V'riI7 , Q' T...
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VOL. Jill, p.jffl, ___JB0N,§ ATl[RBfiii§...
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" Now's the day, aud now'sths hour, See ...
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ADDRESS FROM THE ALLOTTEES AT O'CONNORVI...
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In reply to the above, I heg to thank th...
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®\mti$t Mnlimit
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Mb. Bezer' s Toue in the North.—On Monda...
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Pau of the Bbickuyehs' Arms Railway Stat...
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WESTMINSTER MD 1 PIMLICO. A publio meeti...
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^ at ' do iq three unpoand all. con« Cha...
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¦ii mrii" LATEST INTELLIGENCE. DISTURBAN...
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TnK Tvpe-vousdkrs Sxiiikk.—At Worship-st...
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The following appeared in cur third edit...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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The Lasd
THE LASD
." To The Working Classes. 3iv Fbffisds,...
. " TO THE WORKING CLASSES . 3 _Iv _FBffiSDS , —I have frequently told you ihat the land in its present state , comp ared to the state it may be brought to , was precisely whatra _; rflax is to cambric _^ . _^ X tared from it ; and , althoug h every' _&** _* _££ _^ Ifex _^**^ increased . I j faat i Uvould insure _J _^ _SSSnSS * of anta gonism , to «* . li «_ _tentfie people npon a subject _wnich was calculated to make tbem independent of tvrants and to transform them from slaves to
It is a very general practice to reprobate any system propounded hy the friend of the people , ¦ whereas , ifthe same system is propounded by a person -who takes no interest ia politics , it may b-j laaded ; and , in order to prore to the reader that "The folly of today may he the wisdom of the morrow , " and , that however a popular man may be reviled for promoting popular p rinci ples , I will call the attention of tbe reader to the following able and irrefutable letter , ofthe celebrated and intellectual HaheietMamiseau , which appeared iu the Lender _newspaper of last week , and upon wbich the editor of that newspaper wrote a very able article .
My friends , in her letter you will find the repetition of what I have written and spoken thousands of times , and , as J have _frequently told von , the arduous duty of clearing away rubbish and digging the foundation , devolves npon labourers , before the architect can erect _ house , I have been one of Harriet _Marteteau ' s labourers ,, and I trust that she will Iran out to be tbe architect to erect edifices for the poor npon their own land . I do not know -whether the perusal of her letter will give you any pleasure , while it gives me a vast amount of joy , and for this reason ,
i > _ecause you may rely upon it , that parties who will not read my works will critically peruse the works of tbat celebrated authoress ; and furthermore , because you may rely upon it , that contend against what opposition I may , I will carry out the Land scheme , until I see it become the national system whereby yonr order will cease to he slaves , and because I feel convinced , that ere long , I shall have the whole of tiie working class population of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland asissting me in contending for the principle .
Now reader , here is the letter of Bamiiet _Uabiiseau , and let me implore of you to peruse it with attention . Here it is . Sis , —I observe in the Leader for August 10 th a remark which induces me to write you this letter . After giving some extracts from an account which I furnished ( by desire of an assistant poor law commissioner ) of a small experiment in farming my little fields , you say you trust I shall see its connexion with several questions in political economy which require elucidation . This mates me suppose that you would like to have my profession of faith on one or two points which are more freely discussed in your paper than I see them elsewhere . Whatever I think on these
subjects may be fonnd avowed somewhere or other in my published writings ; hut though I have _nothing new to tell in regard to my convictions , it may possibl y "be useful to speak them plainly and concisely , in answer to the sort of appeal which you bave made to me . In a work of mine , published in 1837 , called " Society in America , '" there is a chapter entitled "Property . " In that chapter ( if I remember rightly , and I have not the book at hand ) I declared my conviction that the institution of property was necessary , and
therefore , venerable in its own time and place , is _destined , like most , or all , institutions , to ho superseded ; that it was iu so many directions wearing ont ; thatit was clear that the time was come for it to be brought into question , and for experiments to be made by select companies of enlightened personsto _dispose with it , and to try the co-operative principle , after _finding how unsatisfactory was the working of tbe competitive . In giving an account of such communities as I had visited in America , I declared the fact that , economically , they bad all answered well ; that the societies were
rich ; and that , though the members were not enlightened and happy , the failure was not attributable to their associative principle , but in every case to the imposition of dogmas , and the palpable violation of some of the most indisputable laws of nature . If such was my view thirteen years ago , when it was scarcel y possible to avow such convictions without being sent to Coventry , I need hardl y say how strongly I feel on the matter now , when every
year has been opening the subject more and more widely , and associative institutions are springing up everywhere , and their members are studied in all their acts with , almost as much interest as dread . My view of this change , and of the _extension of tbe associative principle , may be found re--corded at p . 5 G 7 , vol . i . of my " History of the Thirty Years' Peace , " apropos of London « Inh-honses .
Darin ? all these years I bave never shared the -popular " dread of" Socialism " ( as it was called ) as of a social earthquake , which was to overthrow _evcrvthinjr most stable and most valuable . I have always felt that changes in the fundamental constitution of society can arise only out of the ripened will of society . ' While tbis will is ripening , under the light and warmth of conviction , the transition is sure to he made safe by the trial of the requisite
nnmber of experiments , by companies who are , or believe themselves ready to begin . The more snch tbe better , provided only that the experiments are _begua and carried on in a spirit of earnestness and patiencxj , aud by men and women who know what they are about . The matter is too serious for , not only levity , but for either intellectual or moral hastiness . Ail being deliberately , and conscientiously and dispassionately done , the more esperiMents of life in association the better .
1 expect little at present from associations which lave not an agricultural basis . I mean from such associations as exclude the employing capitalist . Ihe common shop , the common kitchen , the common supply of light , warmth , water , & c , may , no doubt be made to answer well everywhere . But when it comes to Tailors' Associations and the like , 1 do not see bow , considering the state of society outside , _thsy can at present succeed for all tbe purposes required of them . I do not sec how the best
workmen are to be retained . It is possible that continuity of employment may compensate to all but the best workmen for soce reduction of receipts ; but the very best , who can always command employment , are not to be expected , and ought not to be asked , to sacrifice so many shillings a week to their association wiih inferior workmen . This is a matter which will presently indicate itself . If we keep our minds open to learn , we shall certainly Boon be taught ; and tbe more instructive experiments the better .
My own strongest hope for tbe improvement of our social condition is in the directing of intelligence full upon the cultivation of the soil . "We must have tbe intelligence first , or the mere division or tenure of the soil can do us no good . "We niav argue for ever about large farms and small _holdings _, and be no better off , nnless science and sense are brought to bear on the process of cultivation I have seen tbe noble works ofthe late Lord Leicester in Korfolk , where thousands of human beings hare been called into existence , and are living in comfort and intelligence under tbe system of the largest to be
farming seen in England ; and , on the other hand , I have seen the dreadful _Btate of savagery in which labourers are living on other large properties where tbe game is more considered than the human inhabitants . I have seen in foreign countries and in rare instances at home , how happy faniilies _' niay be living on small landed properties of their own or under a wise landlord , provided they were educated enough to make the best use of their means : and again , no one need go further than the district in -winch I live to see that tbe possession of land is cot enough to make men happy , or moderatel y easy in tbeir circumstances . The " statesmen" of
Westmoreland and Cumberland bave everything which , according to theory , ought to suffice to out"ward welfare . Bat they have ( too many of them ) fallen behind the _intelligence of the time . Their
." To The Working Classes. 3iv Fbffisds,...
_tillagi * is slovenly—their old-fashioned ways aro wasteful . Tiieir sons go off to the towns , while the land cries out for more labour ; the soil becomes exhausted ; the owner becomes disheartened , and falls back in his affairs . His land is mortgaged ; and too often he takes to drinking . After a struggle ofa few years , more or less the land falls to the mortgagee , the family sinks down into some menial position _^ and sees i ts old possession in new hands . If the new owners bring more intelligence to bear upon the land , no one can complain of the change and people tell one another that they ought not to be sorry . let who can witness tho spectacle and not be sorry ?
_Notwithstanding all that I have seen of the failure of farming , large and small , I am as much convinced as ever that in the land we possess the original means of external well-being for the whole of society . I am persuaded that , if science and intelligence were brought to bear on the cultivation of the soil in our own island , there would be found not one superfluous pair of hands—not one mouth tbat might not be easily fed . The great interest at present , of the question about the tenure of land lies in the other question—what tenure is most likely to promote the direction of science and sense towards the cultivation of the soil . The state of things among us , though improving , seems to me at present so bad that I should be disposed to postpone
everything else to the consideration of how _agricultural science and method can be , most radically ahd extensively improved . Wo see great landowners thinking of everything sooner than adjusting their reuts , abolishing their game , and selecting their tenants by tbeir personal qualifications for tbeir business . We see the farmers half-educated , or less , sinking their capital in unprofitable rrethods or scandalous waste , and crying out for protection instead of demanding an adjustment of rents and of the condition of fanning . And , if we look at such small portions of land as are held by bumble owners , we see the exhausted field , the foul , coarse pasture , the dank , mischievous _hednc , the filthy pig , the cow
ont in the rain , or maddened by the heat and the flies ; in short , all the blemishes aud miseries of _mismanagement . Happily , we see also a Mechi and a Huxtahle here and there rising np to teach us better things . Witb the spectacle before us of what they can do , and the knowledge that , at present , in the most cultivated districts of England , the labour employed is , on the average , only one man to four acres of arable land ( excluding the pasture and woodhind , which employ scarcely any at all ) , we may , I think , conclude that a wide and cheerful prospect opens before us cf subsistence and comfort for the people , if only we can secure the intelligence
needful to educe the good from the material . The grand question ia , how this may best be done . I do not think it can be done , nor much aided , by establishing a small proprietary , if we could have such a thing to-morrow . I suppose the strongest argument on behalf of a smalt proprietary is , tbat that order of persons is found to be the most careful yet known on that most important point of social duty , proportioning numbers to the means of subsistence . With such , tbe laws of nature appear to operate to tbis end ; ( and there is no use attempting to contravene such laws by cither preaching or enactment . ) It seems to be natural to such to wait till comfort can attend
ihe state of marriage and _parentage , and to shrink from dooming their children to a condition of poverty which they could not themselves eudure . I suppose , too , tbat tbe strongest objection to associative projects is , that prudence would be discouraged and selfishness of every kind invited aud fostered . The difficulty in regard to numbers appears to _rae to be pressing under every system , and on every supposition which we are yet _qualified to make . Tbe most careful peasant proprietor cannot offer his children ( at most to only one or two of _ihem , ) a support out of his laud when he is gone , and the rest , with their families , must draw their subsistence from some other source . "What we have to hope U _, that science and moral cultivation will keep pace with the need . What we know is , that the social system which best encourages the growth and enlightenment ofthe understanding and the conscience Ts that which will best meet the
difficulty which seems to pervade nil . It may be fairly asked whether , . in this relation , any system can de much worse than that uuder which we are living ; that under which the prudent , and intelligent ) aud virtuous man ( farmer , manufacturer , or tradesman ) cannot enter upon domestic life before fivc-aud-forty , because pauperised , and ignorant , and hopeless boys and girls are marrying by hundreds at eighteen . Under such a system where is the encouragement to the wise of this generation ? And what is the prospect for the next ?
Tery small and humble as is my _farming experiment , you may , perhaps , see that it has some importance in my eyes . It began in thoughts of household convenience , but it soon showed itself under a better aspect . It is proceeding well ; and I could tell to any who wish it , of some enlargement as well as good success . It is an absolute creation of the subsistence of two persons . If I could tell what a revolution it has wrought in the lives of those two persons , many might be induced to put a hand to a similar experiment . Then there is the example to a neig hbourhood which much needs it . At first I was asked by one and another , what on
earth I could find for the man to do ; and was told how one man was not hard-worked with the care of three horses , a carriage , a large garden , a kitcben-jiarden , and eight or uine acres of land ( pasture ) " besides ; and again , how thirty acres with ten cows on them , would hardly employ one man , and so on . It seems not unreasonable to hope tbat a few may be awakened to some sense of the value of land by telling what comes out of my little field . If further information is desired , I _shall be hapjy to furnish it . ; and if we fail at last , I shall , of course , report the fact . lam , Sir , yours , ic , Harriet _Martineau .
Bolton , near Skioton , August loth , 18 oQ . And now reader , I shall not make a com ment upon the above letter , and shall con elude by subscribing myself as Your Faithful Friend , And a strict adherer to the only princi ple that can elevate your order , Feakgus O'Cosson .
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" Now's The Day, Aud Now'sths Hour, See ...
" Now ' s the day , aud now ' _sths hour , See the frost of battle lour , See approach jSupoleon ' s power , _Xaooleon—chains and slavery . "
TO THE OLD GUARDS . My . Dear Old Fbiesds , —I have often told you that you were never to . belieeea , i _» or & that appeared in newspapers that were upheld , and made profit for the proprietors , by telling lies of yonr order , and receiving advertisements from those who were opposed to yonr order . How often have I told you , that if the veritable
working classes assembled in hundreds of thousands , nay millions , to define and adopt the principles of veritable Democracy , not a line of their proceedings would be published in a single newspaper , while upon the contrary , if a few black slugs , freetraders , protectionists , railway managers , or shopkeepers meet in a cockloft to discuss those principles , the adoption of which would destroy your order , their proceedings will occupy columns in the several
newspapers . Old Guards , the " Special Constable " _Phesdjent has made his tour through France , in the hope of creating an amount of tyrannical power that would enable him to become Emperor . The Times and other newspapers represent his reception in the most glowing colours , "while the French papers—which give a true and veritable account of his progressstate that he was hissed , hooted , and fired at . But , Old Guards , can you , or can any , the wisest man propound a greater folly than this ? The cry of "VIVE LA REFUBLIQTJE " was considered as an insult to the man who was elected President ofthe Republic .
Now , when the newspapers and the friends of the « Special Constahle" President , set down such a cry as an insult , can you have a clearer proof that this juggler wants to destroy the very power hy which he was elevated to his present position ? And will not the fact of the National Guards and others , shouting Pice fa _RtpubUque _, convince you , that if you were as sterling to your _prineiplea as the
" Now's The Day, Aud Now'sths Hour, See ...
French people are , that Democracy would _^ gon become the basis of the English _Government ? The President hag now returned to Paris , and in no short time you will see the result of his reception in , the provinces . _ ori ; will see Prance divided into Socialists , Communists , Republicans , Legitimatists , Bonapartists , and God only knows what , and _' then your English rulers will discover , that they can no longer base their tyranny upon tiieir alliance with the " Special Constable" of
KENNINGTON COMMON . Old Guards , I have often told you , that English tyranny is based upon popular dis * union and foreign alliance . Russia , now " tbe most powerful state in Europe , entertains _^ a deadly hostility to England , and the Russian bear has set his wits to work . to see how he could establish such an alliance with tbe " Special Constable " as would enable France and Russia to establish tyranny and despotism all over Europe . " SLASHING HARRY" has told you that England was bound in a recognisance of EIGHT HUNDRED MILLION _*
to keep tbe peace ; and I tell you , that no people upon the face of the earth ever entertained greater hostility to another people than the French do to tho English . They bave not forgotten Waterloo , and they never will forget it . And it is because the power ofthe English Minister has ever beenbased upon the hope of foreign alliance , that I now write to you , in the hope of preparing you to meet the coming struggle . Iu France , they will meet it with tbe sword and tbe musket , and the thunder of the cannon . In England you can meet it with the thunder ofthe miud .
Old Guards , on Sunday next I will meet the men of Leicestershire at Monntsorrell , in company with your latel y emancipated victim Ernest Jones ; and on Monday , the following day , I will meet my constituents in the market-place of Nottingham , where , no doubt , they remember for several years we have had a good many struggles . In conclusion , let me implore of ALL who now profess a love for liberty , and who are anxious to elevate the condition of the
working classes , to unite firmly inthe cause of freedom to destroy that antagonism which exists amongst their own order , and to present such a firm front to tho united tyrants , as will bring them to their senses . Old
Guards" United you stand , Divided you fall . " Your Faithful and Uncompromising Friend , Feabgus O'Connor .
Address From The Allottees At O'Connorvi...
ADDRESS FROM THE ALLOTTEES AT O'CONNORVILLE . to feakgus o ' _conkob , esq ., m . p . Respected Sib , It is with mingled feelings of pity and indignation that we have heard of the conduct of some of the allottees on the other estates , who , not content with refusing to pay their rent , have basely vilified tbo character , and impugned the motives of one whose constant endeavour for years lias been to elevate tbe condition of the working classes , socially ,
morally , and politically . We beg to assure yon , thatthe allottees at O'Oonnorville have no sympathy witb such conduct , but are aware of the difficulties which the government bave thrown in the way of the legalisation of tbe Land Plan , as well as tbe opposition you have had to encounter from the people ' s enemies ; and , therefore , we feel that our course is . plain , and , that instead of thwarting your efforts , we sbould render you all the assistance in our power . We most cheerfully acknowled g e you as our landlord , in trust for our brother shareholders ; and , while thanking
you for tbe leniency already shown us , beg to repeat our intention of paying the rent now due as soon as ever our circumstances will permit . Honoured sir , we are not afraid to pay our rent to you , for the majority ofthe residents on this estate ( purchasers as we ' ll ns balloted members ) joined the Company before registration was talked of , in full reliance on your honour and integrity . That confidence has not been misplaced , and we will not withdraw it to please either the lordly aristocrat , the purse-proud capitalist , the grasping middleman , the pettifoging lawyer , orwe grieve to add—the ungrateful of " our own order
who have been led astray by interested parties . But , while thus gratefully acknowledging our obligations to you for past favours , we would take the opportunity of informing you of our wishes for the future . In the winding up of the Land Company , common justice says , " That those who have been devoting their whole energies to improve the property of the shareholders should not lose tho fruits of their exertions . " There appear but two ways of preventing that—either by a money compensation , or tbe granting of leases to tbe _occu pants . We beg to inform you , that such is our confidence in the ultimate success of the Plan that we are unanimous in stating that wc would
prefer having the allotments secured to tis , at an equitable rent , to any pecuniary compensation , however large . Wc , therefore , trust , that you will insert a clause in the Bill to effect that object . When speaking of an equitable rent we would remind you , that in consequence of this being the first experiment , the expenditure was necessarily greater than on the other estates . When you take into consideration the depreciation in the price of our produce , we think you will allow that three per cent , on the outlay will be as much rent as we
can pay , and at the same time would do justice to our unlocated brethren . Finally , sir , should the estates be sold , we trust that you will purchase this , as we wish to retain you as landlord ; we should regret , after calliug this estate by your own name , in honour of tbe principles you advocate , for it to fall iuto tho hands of our enemies . Hoping you will comply with our wishes , and live long as our landlord , in tho enjoyment of health asd happiness , We remain , Dear Sir ,
With sentiments of gratitude and respect , Your faithful and devoted friends , Henry Ratcliffe , G . W . Wheeler , Joseph Wheeler , Samuel Kewsome , William Kcmplay , Thomas Merrick , Martin Griffiths , sen ., Martin Griffiths , jun .. Samuel Cole , Michael Fitzsimmons , John iam ' bourne , James Parris , Robert Smith , John Sturgeon , John Bradford , Philip Ford , George _Sewsome , William House , Thomas Bailey , John Gilhon , Richard Avison , George Pocock , S . Blakebrough , Thomas Mead , T . Beaton , William Din-mock , William Gambell , William Hoare , J . It . Betts , Joseph White , Edward Barber , James Linden ; Robert Smith , secretary .
In Reply To The Above, I Heg To Thank Th...
In reply to the above , I heg to thank the first located members of the Company for their integrity , and I only wish that the occupants upon the other estates had acted as honestly . With regard to leases , I beg to inform my friends that every man who pays up his rent upon any of the estates shall receive his lease according to the rules of the society ; and when that is done—whether the estates are sold or not—the occupants will be tenants to the purchaser , who cannot oust them . And I also beg
to inform all who have received Aid Money , and have given promissory notes for payment of the amount—and for which amount two parties bave become security—I beg to inform those parties that the several notes , amounting to between seven and eight hundred pounds , have heen handed over to Mr . Roberts , with my instruction to proceed instantaneously for the recovery of the same , and I beg to inform them tbat the legal expenses will not be insignificant . Feabgus O'Connor ,
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Mb. Bezer' S Toue In The North.—On Monda...
Mb . Bezer' s Toue in the North . —On Monday evening , August 19 th , - Mr . Bezer lectured in the New Hall , Northampton , on " Political persecution and its consequences . " At the conclusion ofthe lecture , several Democratic songs were sung , and three cheers were given for all tlie "Democratic journals . On Tuesday , Mr . Bezer lectured ' at Leicester , and delivered a second lecture in' the Market-place at night . U pwards of a thousand persons were present , and several new members were afterwards enrolled . On Thursday , Mr . Bezer lectured at Loughborough ; and on Sunday at Sherwood Forest , Nottingham , when , notwithstanding the inclemency of the weather , several hundred persons were present . Mr . Bezer delivered a second lecture in the evening at ah indoor meeting lectured at _Sutton-in-Ashfield the following day ; and on Tuesday at Arnold . •'• "'
f _^ Norwich .- _—Sbme'of the leading Democrats miet oh ' Saturday evening last at the Light Horseman , Stump Cross , and with tho assistance of two friends from Yarmouth , succeeded in forming a branch of the Association . Mr . S . Goat was called to the chair , and explained the object of the meeting , whicli was , that some plan should he devised to effect a union of all shades of reformers . A resolution was passed to admit all persons as members who recognised the People ' s Charter as a necessary instrument wherewith to work their redemption . Several members wore enrolled , and subscriptions paid , and after some excellent speeches the meeting adjourned to
Saturday night . Tbe _Executive Committee met at tho Charter office , 14 , Southampton-street , Strand , on "Wednesday _evening , August tho 28 th . Present : Messrs . G . W . M . Reynolds , E . Miles , J . Grassby , B . Stallwood , W . Davies , J . Milne , and J . Arnott . Mr . Reynolds in tbo chair . Mr . Wilkin , from _Somevstoivn , attended , and handed in cash for the Association ; Mr . Grassby also handed in cash from Westminster . Tho _sub-committeo reported that the Westminster and Pinilico meeting had proved eminently successful . The Secretary reported from the sub-committee for . fusing the various democratic and social reform bodies , that they had resolved —'• ' Tbat to effect a real union , a fusion of all democratic aud social sections must be effected , and that those societies must becone one and indivisible . " Several propositions , as the basis of the union
was submitted , such as— "All men of all nations are brethren ; " " The earth ia the common property of all the people ; *'• ' The People ' s Charter ; " "The labourer should enjoy the full fruits of his industry ; " the spirit of which was assented to by the Executive . It was understood , that whatever propositions mig ht be assented to by the Conference of the several localities , would be submitted to the several societies in tbeir various localities , for tbeir reception or rejection . It was suggested that the following would be an excellent name for the proposed united localities : — " The _National Democratic Association of Chartists and Social Reformers . " The Secretary submitted an address to the country on the necessity and possibility of returning some sixty members to parliament at the next General Election , which was referred hack to the sub-committee ( Messrs . _Reynolds and Arnott ) for revision , and the Executive adjourned until Wednesday next , September 4 tb .
Metropolitan Delegate Council —A full meeting of delegates assembled at the Chartist Hall , 2 G , Golden-lane , Barbican , on Sunday afternoon , August 25 th , Mr . Stallwood in the chair . Tlio minutes having been confirmed , the visit ofow country friends was considered . _Jlr , G , J . Lockhart ' s second letter having been read , it was resolved , on the motion of Messrs . W . A . Fletcher and G . J . Brisck : —" That . the ., dek '_ ite 8 , meet in this place at _Jfa ' lf-past ' two for three precisely , on Sunday afternoon next , September the 1 st , to receive Messrs . Hamilton and Lockhart , and that a public meeting be held in the hall at half past seven o ' clock in the evening of that day , for the purpose of furnishing to Messrs . Hamilton and lorkhart iho opportunity
of addressing their democratic brethren ot the metropolis . " The fortnightl y Tract;—Each _deleuate having reported on tbis subject , and a sale of a sufficient number having been guaranteed , on the motion of Messrs . W . A . Fletcher and Wilkin , it was resolved : — " That the first tract be issued on the eigth day of September : "— " That a sub-committee of three be appointed to manago the same . " The election then took place , and ultimately fell on Messrs . IV . A . Fletcher , G . J , Brisck and Aleco . On the motion of Messrs . Brisck and Jeffrey , it was resolved : — " That tho Excutive be requested to grant the uso ofits room one night in the week for the use of the sub-committee . " On tho motion of Messrs . Vicars and Johnstone , " That all
con-munications fur the ' Tract , such as notices of ior-tucoming Chartist meetings , whether locality or public meetings be forwarded to Mr . W . A . Fletcher , at IC , Little Portland-street , Regent-street , on or before Wednesday , September the dth . Public Meeting at the City Hall . —The secretary reported that he had sent out invitations to speakers for the Oth of September , and that Messrs . Harney and others had promised to attend . On tbe motion of Mes 3 rs , Brisck and W . A . Fletcher , it was resolved unanimously " That henceforth none but bona fide members oi tbe Isational Charter Association snail be eligible to set as members of this council . " A vote of thanks was then given to tho chairman , and the council adjourned until Sunday afternoon , September lst .
_Bbioiitok . —At a dinner given in honour of Mr . Ernest Jones on Wednesday , August 21 st , and which tbat gentleman attended , the follow big sentiments were received with tho greatest enthusinsnm : — " The people , the only source of all political power . " " Ernest Jones Esq ., tho talented advocate of tho people , and may he live to triumph over all his enemies , and ultimately , assisted by other advocates of the people ' s rights , succeed in establishing thoso principles for which ho has struggled and suffered , " " The union of the Democrats of Great Britain ami Ireland , Mny their united energies obtain for them tho irecdom of both peoples . " Mr . Jones made an able and argumentative speech ; he strongly recommended union aa the surest mode to obtain the People ' s Charter , and was loudly and justly applauded throughout . A numerous and respectable body of friends assembled on the occasion .
_Sono Locality , _Tempurance _Uall , Little Dean _Srni-ET . —On Saturday week , Mr . Walter Cooper delivered an Interesting lecture , to a delighted audience , on tho life and writings of Sir Walter'Scott ; and on Saturday evening last , Aug 24 th , Mr . E Stallwood delivered an address on the life , character and writings of Thomas Paine , refuting the slanders and falsehoods so injuriously heaped on the memory of that Public Instructor , and showed tbe beneficial tendency of political principles put forward by tbe author of " Common sense , " and the moralising , humanising , devotional tendency of his address " To tho philanthropists , " and pointed out tho purposes , to which those principles should be directed , namely , to ameliorate the sooial condition of the people . Mr . Stallwood sat down loudly applauded . A vote ol _thauks was given
to the lecturer , and themceting terminated , IlOBTON . —On Sunday a nieeting of tho Old Guards was held in Clayton-lane , at the honse oi David Cawdra , to renew tho agitation for the People ' s Charter . Mr . Joseph Cawdra was elected treasurer for the locality ; six shillings was paid for cards , and four shillings and threepence collected for tho Honesty Fund . Resolutions wero unanimously adopted , to avail ourselves of every opportunity to enforce tho six points of tho Charter on the attention of the people . A vote of conbdenee in , and acknow ledgement of Mr . 0 ' Connor ' s services was carried , ho being the only honest leader of the people . We aro determined to stick by his advice and follow bis guidance , as wo are convinced , from long experience , of the soundness of bis teachings _. The meeting adjourned to Sunday ( to morrow )
forenoon . Sheffield . —An animated meeting of members was held on Sunday evening , in the Democratic Temperance Hotel , 33 , Queen-street , to discuss tho best means of raising a Chartist ball , and likewise for the better carrying the war into the enemy ' s camp , in - which Messrs . Wallace , Robinson , Cavill , Haguo and Ash took part . On tho motion of Messrs . Wallace and Whaley , the meetiug was adjourned for a week .
Pau Of The Bbickuyehs' Arms Railway Stat...
Pau of the _Bbickuyehs' Arms _Railway Station . —At the inquest held bf Air . W . Carter , on Friday , the jury returned a verdict of "Accidental Death . "
Westminster Md 1 Pimlico. A Publio Meeti...
WESTMINSTER MD PIMLICO . A publio _meeting , to consider tho . best moans of obtaining tho political and social . rights of the whole people , was held hi the Temperance Hall , Broadway , on Monday evening , August the 2 Gth , Boxes , pit , gallery , platform , and iho several approaches to the hall-were rnost densely- _crbwUtsdv ' - Mr . D . Walford , who wns called _^ to tho _& _ftair , _- read a letter fro # _mK Reynolds ; ' apblogisiiig _^ rabsence on the ground of' his : wife ' s " severe indisposition . He trusted the ; people would attend meetings like this instead ofthe gia _palaces , ; and whenflbe minister , saw them looking " " after th'eirV ' own affairs , he ' would be ready to ; exclaim— . . V ' ' . . . " " Tbe ' dav _bf-tyrahny is done _,. And _Sdnef ' sthe reign of wroth ?' . "
_lne chairman delivered h well-merited ¦ _" _eastigation to the Whigs for their _backslidings ih the . cause of reform , and eulogised tho patriotism anil virtues of John Fussell , which was hailed _with-fftho loudest applause . ' f _^ f . ' ' ' Mr . D . W . Hum moved -the '' following , resolution :-- . That the land being the . prbpelty of tbe whole people , it is necessary , that _universal reprer _sentatio ' n , in accordance' with _thespvihciifeiof the > Peoplo ' s ' Charter , ' slj ' ould prevnil , ' 'in _&* SJ $ _Ptojecilm to the people the'fulr * uWefirof such right . " Mr . _Roffy said , if the principles put forth in that resolution . were well understood by the people at large they would soon find the moans of possessing them . Law makers contended tbat the peoplo had no rights , but it was tho duty ofthe people not only to
let them know they had rights , but also that they were determined to possess them ; and the first and greatest of these rights was the right to the soil , and unless the aristocracy could produce a grant from heaven , he disputed their claim to a single foot of land . ( Cheers . ) Hy the acts passed in that shop which Lord John had just shut up , during the last session , they might fairly judge of tlie necessity of parliamentary reform . What were they ? The grant of Marlborough Houso to a young prince for his USO nine years hence ; a large sum to erect stables for the same Prince ' s horses when they were purchased , or , perhaps , ho should say , when they were born . The voting of £ 12 , 000 a year to the _vouns Duke of _Cambridge , perchance to sneud
on courtesans , or in other debaucheries . This was the way the substance of the people was wasted . Mr . Ruffy described the present state of labour and capital , currency and exchange , and showed the bearing tho Legislature bad on these things ; but as well might tho lamb expect justice from the wolf , as for the peoplo to look for right and equity from a House of Commons as at present elected . ( Cheers . ) They must first get the Charter , which waa the machine to _eftcct the social right mentioned in tlio resolution , and of which lie was an advocate . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . Jons Fussell rose , rapturously applauded , to second the resolution , and said , in seconding that resolution , he was desirous of proving himseif as unflinching an advocate ofthe iust rhrhts of the
people , now he had come out of prison , as his whole life had evinced him to be before he went into the Westminster Bastile . ( Immense cheering ) The land was , most undoubtedly , the property of the whole peoplo , but he thought they could only be repossessed of it by moans ofthe Peoplo ' s Charter . Tlio land , heretofore , had been made to bear all the burdens of the people , but now it bad passed into tho hands of a few aristocrats . ( Hear , hear , ) In discussing questions of snch importance it was necessary that they should understand their position . Then , let him ask , why thoy had been deprived of their rights ? Why so many victims had been made ? Had it not been by their own divisions ? doubtlessly caused by a few crafty
statesmen . ( Hear , hear . ) They wished to accomplish their object peaceably ; their object was , love , not war—sympathy for the poor , not persecution ofthe rich . lie repeated , they wished to gain their great ends peaceably , not by insurrection , —in fine , through the means of the Peoplo ' s Charter . ( Loud cheers . ) He invoked them to establish a . locality of the National Charter Association , and thus , while they exhibited their desire for peace , show their determination to have liberty . ( Loud cheers . ) Porter , in his statistics , told them that two millions per annum was absorbed- , _jp-tiiesbapiJ-of / profits independent of what was talfob as taxes , much of which went to support spies , to swear away the liberty , or , perchance , the lives of good men , " like
Cuffay , Lacey , and a host of others ; and to defame men like himself , by falsely swearing that ho recommended private assassination , wliich he emphatically denied . ( Loud cheers . ) He knew that there were certain persons who affirmed that a trade was made of sedition ; but this be denied ; and , when it was remembered , that from tho year 183 _SJ , up to tho present period , the whole Chartist agitation had not cost £ 20 , 000 , that was to say , notmore than the ammal pay of one general officer , it would be seen how fallacious was such a charge , and yet , during that time , they had valient !)* supported three general movements , and not a single leader of theirs had turned traitor . ( Loud cheers . ) Tiie government had admitted that the Chartists
wero not a faction , but a party . Aye , and to the government a dangerous party . ( Hear , hear . ) £ hey _demanded tho Charter when out of prison , and when within the prison walls , and , wlien released from prison , they were more than Chartists ; aye , ever ready to uphold the red banner . ( Immense applause . ) He trusted thafc every practical measure would meet with their support , and that they would convince the government , by tiieir actions , that they not only desired , but wero determined to possess liberty . ( Great cheering . ) Mv . _Haksi-y , wlio rose loudly applauded , said , surely tho chairman , when so announced by bim , must have forgotten how warmly his lordship was greeted in the neighbourhood ofa certain bad house
in that vicinity —( laughter)—when lie ( Lord Palmerston ) was standing up in defence of Foreign liberty , some short time since . ( Laughter . ) They would a / so remember how the peopie wero cried down , when they assembled to greet their representatives as they passed to and from the Convention and Assembly ; yet , that same pres 3 could call on them to meet and cheer Lord Palmerston , when on his way to the house , because , ns they bad it , he was " defending liberty on the continent ; " of the sort of liberty the Whigs defended on the continent they might judge by what they did in England : here they reformed down to their own order , and not a bit below it- ( hear , hearj—and so it had been in Poland , Hungary , Italy , Sicily , & c . ; but ho would
dismiss this digression irom the subject , by stating that he should be again ready to meet Lord Palmerston on the hustings of Tiverton , or elsewhere . ( Loud cheers . ) There are somo gentlemen who did not seem to know what was meant by " The Charter and something more ; " hut the drawer of this resolution had determined ihey should not be long in doubt—at least , ; rs regarded one point—the Land—and he maintained that ono point was worth more than the sis points of the People ' s Charter . Iu the streets of Newcusile-on-Tyne stood a column , dedicated to Earl Grey , the man who " stood by his Order . " In that same Newcastle , once resided another man , who , like the celebrated Thomas Paine , had devoted his life and writings to tlie
benefit of "his order , " but who had no statue . It was Thomas Spcnco of whom he was about to speak . ( Cheers . ) Because lie asserted tho principle contained in that resolution , and dared to say that the land belonged not to a few aristocrats , hut to the whole people , he was hunted from placo to place , until at length ho found himself in London ; and still determined to persevere in the _emaucipivtioK of great truths , lie published the famous " Pigs Meat for the Swinish Multitude , " in which he laid it down " That Kings were but crowned brigands ; " " That war was human butchery , not glory . " Spenco continued for years to publish his tracts , and disseminate his medals , despite not only the persecution and
prosecution of his enemies , hut under the scowl of many a man , whom ho was labouring , heart and soul , to serve . ( Ucar , hear . ) But a change had taken place , progros was making rapid way , aud ho trusted yet to live to see the day when Earl Grey would descend from the co 2 utr . n in Newcastle , and a . bust of Spenco be erected on the pedestal , and when a monument should be erected over , his humble grave in _Tottenhaiii-court-road burial ground , inscribed : — " Here lie the reuituusof a . man , who in tho worst of times , dared prohlaim—* That the Land was the People's Farm . ' ( Great cheering . ) He saw in that resolution the commencement of
" The good time coming . " He did hope to see a locality of the association established for that district , in order that they might gather together those that ivero formerly with them , as well as to add the mass of converts to their roll . ( Hear , hear . ) Mi * . Fussoll had said , they could not return to pvo teclion ; why- they never had protection . True , Ohowler bad talked of hia " horses and his men to rido them ; " but , however sincere Chowler might be , depend on it , Riohmond and . Disraeli , only cared for office , and not a fig for the agricultural labourers . ( Hear , hoar ) . Thero was another party who mado professions of reform ; but he wavned the people against supporting any party who would _leavo a pariah class . Let them look at and judge
Westminster Md 1 Pimlico. A Publio Meeti...
theso " Manchester men" by their acts ; look their votes on the Factory Bill , and on the Bakers Bill—these would show , what this elass would for labour ; yet should he ( Mr . Harney ) glory seeing this party in " power , ' because ono . months in office ' would make them the most pular that ' evei _' . sat on the Treasury benches , then would cemo tho great struggle of ¦ Again he said , never " support any ' measure that would leave a pariah class outside . ' the stitution , but have measures that , like our ter , would embrace ail . ( Much . _innlnuse . l
I Chartists had prophesied during the cry for free trade , cheap bread , Ac ., that wages would fall ; and was not the _uvpi \ U ' esy _being fulfilled in tho case of the typefounders and the Eastern Coun * ties Railway men ? Why , the firm of Fagg and Co ., would _sa . ve out of the reduced wages of their ninety-six men no loss than from £ 900 to £ 1 , 200 per annum . Again , the shareholders of tlie Easter Counties Railway had immense power to bring against the men , the other railways fur * nisbi / iff ihcm with hands . The men from those free ill ; to Of wer fur * _ioso
other railways did not come to contend voluntarily ; no , ' they wero compelled ; and told if they did not go they must starve , as they would not keep them on their rails . ( Hear , hear . ) A' greater stato of tyranny that this could not exist . He looked on ' thoso strikes as being quite justifiable , but he did not think tbey would be successful , * he trusted he should not he charged with throwing cold water on . them , as lie cordially supported them , biit , in __ 1 sincerity , he must say , he savf no hopes , save in a mastery of the state . ( Loud cheers . ) . ~ ¦ r nia- did _eep iter He LI .
The resolution -was then put , and carried unani * mously , ' i Mr . _M'Swekney moved the second resolution a 8 follows : — " That in tbe opinion of this meeting * locality of the National Charter Association should be immediately formed for the district of _Westi minster atid Pimlico . " ' " _^" '' " Mr . Lynch ( one of tlie deputation from the Irian , Democratic Association ) seconded tho motion , ahd _niid they had opened a locality of the Democrati c Association in Golden-lane , and should be happy to have others in the metropolis , and elsewhere . The Irishman would aid the Northern Star and other English newspapers in establishing the principles of democracy , Mr . _WAViAsn , who _objected to tho writings ol _fioliespien-e _, wished to know how far a person was bound to go if he joined the National Charter Asso « ciation ?
Mr . Stallwood said , any one joining the Association was only pledged to the nix points of the People ' s Charter and the rules that guided its operations—fa copy of which he handed to Mr . Wayland ) —but said every man was allowed the full latituda of speech , and that all persons must have an object in wishing the People ' s Charter to become the law ofthe land . He was free to confess his was the social amelioration of the conoi ion of the people , and he was in favour _© f " Social Rights , " Much of the Rubespierrjan cede was deserving of the warmest eulogy . As regards the principles adopted in the first resolution—the nationalisation of land—it was the crced _^ of all Christians , of all philosophers , and wise and just men , and _mijiht bo prominently set forth in tlie first chapter of Genesis " . The resolution was adopted by acclamation .
Several members were enrolled in the Association , and Mi * . Walford was appointed to enrol names for the district at the Temperance Hall . A vote of thank *} _was . _givcnlo the Chairman , who acknowledged the compliment , and the meeting then dissolved .
^ At ' Do Iq Three Unpoand All. Con« Cha...
_^ do iq three unpoand all . con _« Char-The era > **\ j do _n-Kvv _lreaNNXX : apo _^ _vnCTu and _^ Sfcf _* alh K \ mra f _£ barr _^~ The i _fc C _ _* , $ rXl __^ 0 _\ f \ _W : \\ , \ , _i JN A _< . : _** U / SS *
¦Ii Mrii" Latest Intelligence. Disturban...
¦ ii mrii " LATEST INTELLIGENCE . _DISTURBANCES IN HUNGARY . The Journal des Debats publishes the following Jotter from Vienna , of _thu 23 rd ui & t . * . — " On the ISth , the fete day of the Emperor , deplorable excesses took place at Pestli , in Hungary . In the morning the manner ot certain groups appeared rather threatening , but tbey were not guilty of any acts which could give tho police a motive for interference . In the evening , at the _tbcivtve , things assumed a different appearance . While the first verses of the Austrian national by inn were being sung by the actors , a group of spectators in the centre of the pit , and composed of p ersons apparently belonging to the respectable class , began to protest by cries , whistling , and threats . Their vociferations were addressed to the highest persons of the Stato . To put an end to tlie scene of tumult , the intervention oi the armed force waa called for ,
and from twenty to twenty nvc persons wero arrested . Their " social position , and the moment chosen by them to promote disturbance , were an aggravation of their fault , and there was , moreover , oii their part , a complete want of political tact , if not of gratitude , in hazarding a shameful demonstration against the Emperor immediately after the numerous pardons so _generously grunted by him . Tho authorities of Peath , instead of uudursunding their duty in delivering up these guilty men to justice allowed _themselves to Ue led _a-rcay either by the effect of indignation , or by misunderstood zeal , to use ' means which nothing can excuse in a civilised country , and to uitiict summary punishment without any form of trial . The most guilty of the parties ¦ cor e immediately incorporated as private soldiers in a regiment , and the others had the bastinado applied to them at the rate of thirty strokes each . Afiairs do not _« o on so well in Croatia as could
have been Wished . National demonstrations are frequent , and , according to ocular witnesses , tho Ran _Jellncliich does not exert himself sufficiently to repress them .
Tnk Tvpe-Vousdkrs Sxiiikk.—At Worship-St...
TnK Tvpe-vousdkrs _Sxiiikk . —At Worship-street Police Court on Thursday , John Sutherland and John Francis Richardson , _journeyman typefounders , wero brought before Air . _Ilatmiiiii , charged , the former with having obstructed tho thoroughfare by causing a crowd to assemble in front of the premises of Messrs Henry Caslon and Son , extensive letter founders in _Cl-. iswcllstreet , St . Luke ' s , and the latter with disorderly conduct and inciting a mob to rescue the other prisoner from the custody of the police . — Mr . _YVakeling attended to conduct the prosecution , and Mr . Child for the _defence . —Evidence was
g iven that Sutherland was walking , with a largo placard at his back , and shouting otic "French invasion ! " before the promises of Caslon and Co ,, and that after he was taken in custody by tlie police Richardson incited the crowd , and attempted to rescue him . Mr . Hammill ordered both prisoners to find two substantial bail for their peaceable behaviour for the next three months ; in addition to which ho imposed a penalty of forty shillings upon tho prisoner Richardson for obstructing the police and inciting to a rescue . —The penalty was immediately paid , and the required sureties having been soon afterwards produced , both prisoners were released from custody .
The Following Appeared In Cur Third Edit...
The following appeared in cur third edition of last week * . — _Accidk . nt is ihe _TKiirtE . —On Friday night Mr . Langham held an inquest at tho Plough , Careystreet , Lincoln ' _s-inn-helds , on the body of _Gebrgo Duckctt , aged fifty , a house painter , who fell from a machine which was insecurely fixed . « _-JiiJe he was paint ing the front of the house of So . o , llarcourtuuildiiigs _, Temple , and died of the injuries he received . Verdict , "Accidental de . _-. th . " Fire at _Dei'tforu . —About eleven o ' clock on Friday night a fire broke out in the soap manufactory of Messrs . When and Co ., in the Bridge-road . Tbo drying house , however , in wliich it commenced , was burnt down , and the contents consumed . From the examination since made , no doubt is entertained but that the lire was caused from the over heating of the drying stove .
hirUDENT llOBBERT . —Ou Friday evening , about five o ' clock , a mail of respectable appearance entered the shop of Mr . Everett , New Compton-strcet , Regent-square , nnd requested to befitted with a pair of Wellington boots , Mr . Everett suited him with a pair of hoots , valued at 26 s ., with which he appeared to ho highly pleased , and was apparently in . the act of paying for them when a man suddenly rushed into the shop , and seizing his hat , which was laying on the counter , made off at a rapid rate . He was instantly pursued by Mr . Everett ' s customer , who made after the apparent thief , and both rapidly _liisappeared towards Gray ' s-inn-laue , Mr . _KveveU loudly urging him to persevere in the pursuit . After waiting a considerable time in the vain expectation
of the return of his nimble-footed customer , tho boot-maker began to suspect that he had been duped ; and , upon communicating with the police , he was furnished with the unwelcome information that several robberies had been committed recently by persons answering the description of his " customers . " Tub Gravesksd Firb . —At an inquest held on Friday to inquire iuto tho cause of the five , the jury returned the following verdict : — " That two certain dwelling-houses , lately known as Nos . 65 and CG High-street , Gravesend , in the county of Rent , were , on the llth of August , 1850 , burnt down nnd destroyed by live , but by what means tlio said fire originated , no evidence thereof hath been adduced . " Execution at Mokmoutii _. —On Friday murning
Patrick Sullivan and Maurice Murphy , aged respectively 21 and 22 , who wero found guilty atthe lust assizes of tho murder ofan aged female pauper on the high road near Newport , were executed m front of the county gaol . The culprit _Jlnrphy confossod that he first struck tiieir victim with a stone , and that Sullivan finished tho brutal work , i » ey had _killcu'hcr , bo said , because , being in _»» _" »»»• ing state , from eating nothing ' « J _»»^ i 2 S jg _bul grass and vegetables stolen > from _ftjg _^ _gffi believed sho had victuals in J _™ , ™ 5 _fS § SSrlft did not intend to kill her , _M _^ _MSJSB _iBb ficiently to effect tho robbery v _'WSs _^ Tub iatk _Aooimbh'ON mw . "O _rtllsli _^ S _^ the inquest held »| . J _^ Hr _^ _Kffll _^^ jury returned » verdifl _«« t ' « yW- _!|^| _% 2
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 31, 1850, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_31081850/page/1/
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