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Ociobeb 31. 1846. , THE NORTHERN STAR. _...
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tfottitm Mohtmm^ if
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«• And I will war, at least in words, (A...
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EE VELATIOJTS OF RUSSIA. (COSCX-CDEta AB...
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Frater*sitt ou Nations. — The Constilutionnel
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say3:—" We have received accounts from H...
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Cotom 'ai anU ftotifsn inttllig-ence*
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INDIA AND CHINA. The Bombay mails of the...
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Denmark.—Kiel, Oct. IT.—M. Oeshausen.. who
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has been liberated by the Danish governm...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Ociobeb 31. 1846. , The Northern Star. _...
Ociobeb 31 . 1846 . , THE NORTHERN STAR . ______ ' >
Tfottitm Mohtmm^ If
_tfottitm Mohtmm _^ if
«• And I Will War, At Least In Words, (A...
«• And I will war , at least in words , ( And—shouldnv chance so happen—deed ? , ) mtfaaUwhowar with Thought ! " j I think I hear a little Kra , who sings __ _„„„ _Ihepeoplebyandby _wfll betiestronger . -Br » o . v .
Ee Velatiojts Of Russia. (Coscx-Cdeta Ab...
EE _VELATIOJTS OF RUSSIA . ( _COSCX-CDEta _ABnCLB . _l Oa- last extracts from these volumes we select as _Arowing some light upon the 5 AVAL STKESOrn OF EUSSIA . rrttbresard to _Hnssia , which , Kke a vast inanimate Jr has notabreathof feeling to animate it , _excepting _US which , galvanic-like , its government inspires , _xl is _% _mllr moreuifficultto gatherindicationsofitsfatnre flnct - and we are Jed to place an emphasis on signs , * _J to a free country , _wouiabe unworthy of _considew _*^ * yor instance , the jealous despotism of Russia _^" nces aliens _anS foreigners , without credit , Mn , orinee in the country , to all offices responsibility , in pre-* na en _toier native subjects . Russia appreciates the f & eD _- cts of British adventurers in every branch of Tier _^ _and military administration , excepting the naval , bid fbeir peculiar adaptation is obvious . From this i 0 TZ . _r which is open to all other foreigners , of late years \« i
_career . .- _ .. _, — . _>_;» -n *» .... ... « - ,,... r— _. _**{^ 8 ve oeen strictly excluded . * We cannot , therefore , J btfbat Russia , —who , finding in British power the °° V ' _^ tade to her _aggrandizemeat at half tbe points of ¦ _^ _M , * _npass , has , in the conceit of ber cabinet , swollen * ngtorallv enmity Into rivalry , —has not been tbe last _-jjjgsg who have understood the moral of the allegory of « , Ector ' s rods . _\ Vhilst we , therefore , appreciate and _inowledge th ? colossal resources of England ' s _marine power , and the certainty , as far as human _calcnla-Sjacanarail , uot only of her unshakeable security , but f her eventual triumph against all and any external foes , _jea ia them no security that her power will not be _Mce more assailed ; and on this account we think that _rtjre are * 8 n 0 S wbich au English public neglect , and inch , _jnofpHideutly of tbe technical interest they affora , an Ingush public shonld study—we mean the real _^ _jjont of ibe nation ' s strength when it chooses to exert j , sua * tbe strength or weakness of those , who , before _Vftotning brethren , will be arrayed against it as enemies
_grinds . _JtJS _far from the verge ofimprooabilty that -pre may ¦ _rftsee a Russian navy , -with its fifty thousand sailors , _gj-grea _against ns , amongst other foes , startling , if not _jhnning , our countrymen ; and it is , therefore , well . _gjjtibey shonld learn what value to put npon that thing _^ m shreds anupatches , " woveninto the scarecrow giant ' s form , wbich , seen from a distance , indistinct and dim , _locis awful—but , closely viewed , becomes merely _ludi-( _jjbs io the beholder . OIUGIS OF THE BU 33 IAS 5 AVT .
When Peter the First , who , savage and barbarian as he was , so well deserved tbe name of Great , stood on the _jjUnfls of Xeva ' s Delta , the newly-conquered soil of _Jgcna , stSI witnm xeach ef the -hostile _Stredislz cannon , _anlresolved to build there a city and a fleet , possessing _tnea no _outlet to the Great Jforthern Seahut the one river _Triose marshy banks and islets be occupied , and exposed to the aggression of a redoudable enemy , in whose _KTF teeth it would De necessary to complete his _^ a 3 ertakicsv there was a boldness in the Conception _fcfcfch success has justified . When , a few years after he had mane his triumphal entry into the new capital _Tjiirhhad risen tip from the morass—palaces and dwellings having sprung up where only the bull-rush raised
its bead , and the acclammations of a vast population greenngbim on tbe spot where only the cry of the seaj new and tlie voice ofthe marsh-frog , fell formerly npon lis ear—history tells us tbat it was on the occasion of a naval victory , obtained over the Swedes , with the very fleet of which a few years before ho only comtemplated the construction . Towards tbe accomplishment of this design he had neither a single artisan to construct , a sailor to man , or a port to harbour the ships , which were itil ! trees in the forest . When we remember these tilings , we must confess tbat the annals of the past offer no parallel to the boldness of the idea , orthesneces ofits eiecation , except in the solitary instance of the rise of the Soman naval power , in the face of the Cartbagenian
supremacy . Peter rendered his fleet decidedly superior to that _$ _f Sweden , and , trom his contests with it , he may take tbe measure of the naval power which he had the merit of thus suddenly calling into existence ; but—Jar from keeping the promise of its early and auspicious years , the infancy of tbe Russian navy proved tbe most brilliant period of its existence . Since tbe days of Peter it hat never shewn itself so formidable as under his
command ; and in recent times it bas so far degenerated as to he one of the very worst in "Europe . Although it consists of fifty sail of the line , and though these have Jfry thousand armed men to work them , if it were necessary to hold two-thirds ofthe number in commission , so small would he the proportion of eren tolerable seamen onboard each ship , that tbey would be about as ill-managed as the Chinese war-junks . Independently of this , _twe-thhvs ofthe vessels constructed in the Baltic are too rotten to put to sea . But , even if this were remedied , th e deficiency of proper crews cannot be so .
In tbe year 1 SS & , ihe entire navy ofthe Russian empire consisted of
ships or THE "LIKE . S ships of 100 guns and upwards ; and 2 npon the Blurs' .. . ... _,,, ... ... « - IS from SO to 100 gnus ; 5 upon the steels ... 23 20 frora 7 Oto 8 O ... ... ... ... 20 _FEIGAxXS . ioffjvguns ... ... ... ... ... 4 28 fcom 36 to 50 ; 1 upon the stocks ... ... 21 Other vessels , corvettes , brigg , and schooners ... -40 Total 115 _Tessels , amounting upwards of 7 , 500 guns . The sailors ofthe Baltic fleet were reckoned at -30 , 800 men-, the sailors of the Black Sea . at 19 _. . making s -total number of 50 , 600 . The fleets are distributed much in tbe relative proportion of sailors , between the southern and northern waters , excepting that intheBlack Sea they hare a _Iai-ger number of small craft .
BBSSIAS SEAMES . In the whole Of the Baltic there is , therefore , no such unng known as a Russian sailor serving on board a _merdainan ; the crews of the few Tessels engaged in com * _niiree bring composed exclusively of Finns , Germans , Dana , and Swedes . It is true there is a law which ob-% es every vessel sailing under Russian colours to have a Hassan captain . Bnt , whether the ship belong to a Eissiaa , or , as is generally the case , to a f oreign owner , a peasant , who does not , perhaps , know tha head from the stern of the ship , is engaged as nominal captain , rectmng tie salary of thirty shillings a month ; and as soon as the vessel goes ont of port , he is sent down to step in the fore-cabin , resigning the command to a Pine or a foreigner , to whom he very often acts as cook .
The sailors for the Bussian navy are , therefore , reoailefi in the same manner as the soldiers for the army , from the class of agricultural peasants . Obliged in the Baltic , by the ice , to remain utterly inactive for half the year , and in the Black Sea for several months , on account ° f if _periodical storminess , they are destined to act half as sailors and half as soldiers , and perfectly military in their organisation , habits and uniform , are disciplined tfl the use of the musket and tbe infantry evolutions , _?^™ * he same ma nner as onroim marines . They are farmed into _equipages , which represent regiments orbat-*™> ns , and into companies . They are dressed in stiff _™ _3 itarj coat 3 , or great coats , very tight at the collar and waist , and seaman-like costume is completed by boots , and a h eavy glossy leather chafco , which may serve as a Sre-oncket , of which it has much the appearance .
Of _thesA / _JOO sailors employed in the navy , 30 , 000 axe stations *! on the Baltic , and 20 . 000 on the Black Sea . _Tiose of tbe Baltic fleets , composed principally of the _armJ recruits , are as miserable in appearance as they are lubberl y . Generally at sea only a small portion of the _swen months during wbich the navigation is open , the _Eraser number of them never thoroughly get over their s ea-sickness * , aud , on account ofthe expense of sending _veuds on any foreign station—where the pay increases 49 more thantreble , besides the merciless plundering of the officer _^—they are kept cruising in the brackish water _tflhe Gulf ot Rnlano _, between _Cronstadt and Revel , where they can never , on a clear day , lose sight of land . In fine or moderate weather , considering all the disadvantages under which they labour , they manage to work their ships tolerably ; because , with _aU their ignorance and s * k wariness , strict order is preser wo * . _Ai soon a § rough
weather comes on , the officers , losing all confidence , resign the command of the ship to a few of the older sailors onboard ; for the little knowledge that is possessed by a aWp ' s company , is usually to be found amongst its crew ; and exchanging the stern brutality of their manners for asnaaen afiability , they loose the rein to all discipline , and all beg in to talk and advise together , who are not _OoSged , by the confusion of their stomachs , to hold their tongues . The want of dexterity in mancevring a ship , the _TO-at of silence when fighting her , aud the want of active courage to board an enemy's vessel , or to repel the attack Of his boarders , constitute all the evils requisite to ea 3 ure « ft capture of a vessel by one of far inferior size ; yet these _perils to which every Bussian ship in the Baltic fleet " ¦ " * he subject on the day of trial , with the exception of _Ps-haps , one or two , the crews of which are a collection of « l ineir choicest seamen and officers , chosen whenever a _ s * an man-of-war is sent abroad .
Those _nho have had the opportunity of closely _exatnznug Russian vessels on a foreign station _. seldom imbibe an * -vy exalted ideas of their efficiency ; bnt they are _S _^ _na-ally unconscious of the fact , tbat it is tbe Tery pick _^ ' _^^ hole navy which is ostentatiously selected to give ¦ _ffeagners as favourable an idea as possible of the _coupo n of their fleets , when they have been led to scrutinize ¦ _**•**» -Svertl y , ¦ ahM _? _^ _'f _nption which prevails in the army , and _' _toca is indeed common throughout all the _departments
of the state is of course emulated in the navy . _*™ _aud _ato _^ f _^ _fl _^ _jtossiaa dominions , _iur-^ ims her -with gooa sailors ; hut they are far from _*™" erous , notwithstanding the _rast extent of her r _~* ; the Finnish sailors , moreover , are very averse J _° the Russian naval service . Oar author sums up "J rem arking , that the Russian aavy has proved _»*»« powerful in the hands of her diplomatists than . I * * would have done in those of her admirals . He _"WHhat it is his serious belief that in the event of •* « _«* tii England , the Russian navy would not _cjfer
Ee Velatiojts Of Russia. (Coscx-Cdeta Ab...
more effectual resistance to any thing like an _eqna British force than the Chinese junks have done . The four last chapters of this work are devoted to a sketch of the Russian conquests in Finland , Circassia , and Georgia . As regards Finland , our author satisfactorily shows that in the event of a war between Russia and Great Britain , the Finnish population would rise to a man against Russia . The picture of tbe Circassian heroes ( chiefly sketched from the accounts of Russian officers engaged in the Caucasian campaiipO will excite heart-thrilling interest . At some future time we hope to avail ourselves of at least some portion of our author ' s account of the noble and valiant mountaineers .
We have now gone through this work , and have shown from these Revelations the real nature of thatatrociousdespotismwhich dominates overonetwelvth of the human race . On the one hand , that despotism is strong and mighty , because based upon a blindly submissive peasantry , numbering more millions than the entire population of France- This peasantry form 3 the unfailing raw material for the immense " armies of tbe Tsar . The steadiness and slavish submission of these troops , compensates in a great measure for the want of -hat fiery courage and chivalric daring ; which characterised more th -n one of the races , who now own . _otfare forced to _' pay alle » iancetothe Autocrat . The Russian despotism also commands the services of the Cossack tribes , perhaps , nationally considered , the best horse-men ( excepting
tbe'Circassians ) in the world . Strong too is the Russian despotism in its diplomacy , and no means of intimidation and corruption are left untried by its innumerable agents to promote the ever-grasping poller of the Muscovite Court . I ? the real was at all equal to the apparent strength wielded by this debated power , it would be past doubt that the hour of universal submi ssion to Russia , or of a deathstrucsle between her on the one hand , and the pros _repsive nations on tbeothcr , could not be far distant . Fortunately , however , formankind , Russia is not that omnipotent po _^ er . she would fain make the nations believe sheis . If the peasantry of Russia are amultitnde of submissive slaves , incapable of an effort on tbeirown part to attempt their own deliverance , the facts of _hisforv attest that it would he comparatively _e-isv , to excite this hitherto inert mass in the name nf freedom against their masters . Moreover , though Steady inthe battle-field , and therefore , formidable
as long as their masses are unbroken , they are natnrall- - averse to war , and won-d prefer peace at any price io all the " glories'" _ofraore than Roman _Conaue-. _ts . The Cossacks _in-leed are of an opposite character , and they constitute the real military strength of the Russian Government . But between tbem and the Polish people are the Ruthenians . —closely related to both , largely imbued with "Polish ideas , " and actins ; as conductors of the " vims" of free principles " to both Cossacks and Muscovites . We have shown from these " Revelations" the corruption of all classes of Russian officials from the War Minister down to the petty officer , from the Civil Minister down to the humblest police officer , and this corruption constitutes one of the prime elements of weakness in the Russian system . The state of the Russian navy revealed in the _extt-aefs civen above , shows taw impotent is thatseemiugly formidable arm of the Russian power .
The fact is , Russia is only powerful because the nations believe her to be so . Although she has effected much mischief by force , she bas effected much more by fraud , and she invariably precedes force by the employment of trickery and corruption . Still by these arts she is _becoming stronger , and although as vet formidable only in Asia and Eastern and Northern Europe , tbe day may come , unless ber career is arrested by the united arm of Eng land and France , when she will excite equal terror in the West . __ We are persuaded thit the war for liberty will not
always be confined to the mountainous regions ofthe Caucasus . The next European _csnvulsion will roufe Poland once more to the combat : nor is this all , ? he too-long delayed blow from the . North will be struck at the very head of tbe _Uus- _* ian empire . The Swedes , the Danes , and the Norwegians united by a commoa _feelinu of self preservation , will forget past enmities to deal on their real enemy the blow which must be struck , if they would save themselves from the fate ofthe Poles . On this subject we quote a portion of our author ' s remarks : — -
The great bulk of the nation , t however , who long ardently for a constitutional form of government , and who are as well fitted for it as any people in Europe , have within the last few years become fully Sensible of the folly of that family feud which has divided the Scandinavian nations , and of the hatred fostered by centuries of rivalry between the Swedes and Danes , people whose rigin is the same , and whose very language is so similar that they can more easily understand each other than a north of _England man can understand one from the southern counties . Both the Danish and Swedish nations begin to perceive the mutual benefit of a union of these countries , which , _Xorway being included in the coalition , would thus unite the whole of the Scandinavian people , constituting a
powerfhl state which might assume an independent position in Europe . A few years ago , when first this arrangement was suggested , it was looked upon as chimerical by the majority of those who first hi ard of it , and was only whispered about as men whisper thing of treasonable import , by those who canvassed the subject . The prejudice and antipathy existing be tween the two people alone appeareu an _Insuperable bar to the furtherance of their _national interests in tlis manner . A Swede could hardly walk in the streets of Copenhagen , or a D * ne in those of a Swedish town , _withost being-liable to insult . But with an unprecedented rapidity , tbis deeply-rankling hatred has been rooted up , and so marked is the revulsion of feeling which has taken place , that tbe Swede in Denmark _and'the Dane in Sweden , is received with marks of popularity .
The Scandinavian union is not only confidently talked of . bnt publicly alluded to , even under the absolute , though mild gevernment of D nmark . The close intercourse of the two countries has been chiefly fostered by the universities , and within the last two years their members have visited each other , as many as ahundred crossing the sea from one single university to visit another . At these meetings the union of Sweden , Denmark , _andrlorway , has * been publicly given _ss a toast , a scene which has been reneweo only a few months since ; In Sweden , unpopular as the late king was , there
existed no general wish to _overturn his dynasty among the great majority , bat there is every tendency to curtail the power to tbe measure of tbat which it enjoys in Norway I and in the event of the union of the three States , it is almost inevitable that such semi-republican form of government will be adopted . The prospect of reigning over the whole _Scandinavian people , on these conditions , was not therefore so enticin _? for Bernadotte , who , once violent as an ultra-republican , as his former speeches shew him to have been , had become as monarch imperious in his endeavours to maintain his royal prerogative *
It is universally expected that the death of the King of Denmark will , under these circumstances , be the signal for important changes , which may eventually terminate in the foundation of another European power in the Scandinavian _confederation . Much must naturally depend on tbe light in which this is viewed by England , which , it is hoped , too powerful to be jealous , if her real interests arc not misunderstood , will see with satisfaction a combination which | _must prove a fatal check to Russian ambition in tbe north of Europe . If the people cf England only see this question in the right light tbey may compel the government to SCO Villi thom . He re ia the question : In the next European struegle will the English people ally them-1
selves with the peop'e of France , Poland , Hungary , Sweden , Denmark , Norway & c , or with the Russian autocrat and bis tributary satraps who by force and fraud , craft and murder , keep the nathns in bondage and misery ? The question is all important . If we take the side of tbe tyrants as we did before , woe to us ! If , on the other hand , we aide with the nations , centuries of hatreds and wrongs will be forgiven and forgotten , and England may become , with France , the Protector of the Human Race . Let the people of -England , the freest branch of the European family determined to be yet more free—let _tfcem declare in good time their voice and will for the side of progress , and against theside of tyranny .
In conclusion we have to thank the author of this work * for the invaluable service he has rendered to the cause of humanity by the publication ot these Revelations . We earnestly recommend this work to our readers , believing as we do , that the wide-spread diffusion of its contents will be productive ofthe utmost benefit to the Polish cause specially , and will advance the true interests of mankind generally . t Denmark . * Revelations of Russia , by an _EnsJish Resident . In Two Volumes . London : _H . Colburn , Great Marlborough Street .
Frater*Sitt Ou Nations. — The Constilutionnel
Frater _* sitt ou Nations . — The Constilutionnel
Say3:—" We Have Received Accounts From H...
say 3 : — " We have received accounts from Hamburg of the 21 st . The anniversary of the battle of Leipsi « , which is celebrated everyyear , ( Oct . ISth ) served on tbis occasion for a manifestation in favour of Hol-• -tcinand against the retrogade tendency of some of the governments . More than 800 persons were assembled in a riding school , magnificently decorated , as there was no room large enough in Hamburg . Several toasts were proposed to the union of nation ? , the internal progress and independence of Germany , to Schleswig-llolstein , and the liberty of the press and of commerce . But the toast most _enthusiastically received was that to England and France , as the most ardentand enlightened champions of liberty . This toast was followed by the' Marseillaise . '
Noble _Cosnuci of th « Pope . — A letter from Rome , state 3 that about a fortnight ago , a man was arrested there whilst distributing clandestinely a pamphlet , _entitled " History of Pius IX ., the enemy of religion , and chief of young Italy . " When the Pope heard of the arrest , he ordered the man to be brought before him . After interrogating the offender in a kind manner , the Pope said , " As yeur fault only affects myself , I pardon you . " The man , deeply affected , fell at the feet of the Pope , and offered to reveal the names of the authors ot the pamphlet , hut the Pope refused to bear it , and said , " Let their fault be buried iu silence , and may r _* _i _ipentanceioucli their heart * ,. "
Cotom 'Ai Anu Ftotifsn Inttllig-Ence*
_Cotom ' ai _anU ftotifsn inttllig-ence *
India And China. The Bombay Mails Of The...
INDIA AND CHINA . The Bombay mails of the loth of September , received on Monday by ordinary express , state that India wa * then completely tranquil . The Governor-General and Lord Gougb continued at Simla , whence it was said that they wonld proceed on a tour of inspection . The new conquests , called the Jullender Doab , ( or plains between two rivers ) , were described as fertile and healthful , and the inhabitants satisfied with their new rulers . The _Nazim . or Chief of Moultan , had made terms with
the Lahore Government by paying a large sum of money , and by admitting the Lahore police into his fortress . Gholab Singh has been engaged in regulating his troops , which aro restricted to the number stipulated by the treaty . Some disturbances had broken out in Cashmere , from the heavy exactions of tbe new Government , but they were soon suppressed . A report , which turned out to be unfounded , was circulated by the Delhi Gazette-, of the murder of Lall Singh , the Wuzeer , and great anticipations were formed of immediate confusion .
There is nothing new from Scinde , the country is generally tranquil , but the people still continue to suffer severely from scarcity . Cholera had again made its appearance in Lower Scinde , but in an infinitely lighter form . ¦ An affair had taken place at Moulmcin which is likely to cause much discussion . The editor of a paper , called the Moulmehi Chronicle , had by his strictures on the authorities there become peculiarly obnoxious , and some of the provisions of the Calcutta law regulating the press were applied to his case ; he was summoned to the court , fined , sentenced to Ibe imprisoned for two years , and his printing establishment was shut . Captain Durand , the Commissioner of the Tenasserim provinces , to _who- _^ i these harsh measures were attributed , had raised a nest of hornets around his ears , and the press of India was loud in denouncing his arbitrary and tyrannous conduct .
Intelligence from China comes down to the 25 th of July , bnt it is not very important . A rather serious affray had occurred at Canton , between the Chinese and residents , in which somo ofthe former lost their lives . The affair , however , by the prompt assistance rendered by the anthorities , and especially by the Danish vessels in harbour , was soon put down . All the British troops have now been withdrawn from Chusan , and the island been given over in terms of the treaty .
FRANCE . AWFUL FLOODS .-GKEAT LOSS OF LIFE AND PROPERTY . Our Paris intelligence has brought us most disastrous and melancholy accounts of the consequences of a flood which had occurred in the Loire , the waters of which had suddenly risen to a . height exceeding anything known for a century back . An ex traordinary fall of rain , which continued for two days incessantly , produced this effect . The Loire and its tributaries have been equally the theatres ol this pher . omenon , and have produced inundations , unknown within the department of La Loire , Allier , Loir-et-Cher , asd of the Loiret . At Moulins the whole population were up during tho r . ight of the
18 th assisting by torchlight the unfortunates whose dwellings were submerged ; notwithstanding the activity of the people , the devotion of the authorities , and the aid of the military , it was physically impossible to assist all . Numerous boats loaded with goods were entirely lost ; bales of goods , hogsheads of wine and brandy , timber and _merchandize of every description , floated in every direction . The bridges of Vichy , Chazcuil , La Palisse , Dompierre , Digoin , and others , have been swept away . In the department of La Loire , the bridges of St . Just and Antlrezieux , and Balbigny , have been carried away . At Roanne the digne has been broken , and the river has resumed its ancient bed , deserting the bridge . The Hotel de Flandre . and all in it , the post-house , and
a great number of other houses , have disappeared . At Andrezieux the village has been entirely carried uway ! scarce a traco of the railway is left ; the suspension bridge is gone , the barracks a heap of ruins ; us the sudden rise of the waters took place during the night , several persons have perished- At Saint Paul Cornillon , a little village has been entirely destroyed at Roanne , from forty to fifty houses are entirely submerged . The mail posts from Paris to _Marsielles have been stopped . Houses were so suddenly invaded by the waters that the families could only take refuge upon the roofs . At midnight a second rush of the waters took place . Between _Feurs and Boen , the diligence of Latitte was suddenly surrounded by the overflowing of the Lignon ,
and was stopped . The waters quickly gathered round it , three or four persons have perished , the conducteur and postillion fell a sacrifice to their incredible efforts to save a lady who was an inside passenger . Other passengers , more fortunate , saved themselves by swimming . One of them had the presence of mind to cut the traces of one of the horses , on which he mounted to effect bis escape . The horse after swimming for a considerable time sank to rise no more , the passenger however saved himself by swimming . The town of Nevers , at the confluence ofthe Kievre and the Loire , saw suddenly the mass of waters of both rivers rushing down with terrible fury . At Blois the streets are under water to a depth of seven feet . The waters having broken
across the road of St . Gervais , have resumed the ancient bed of the river , which at present forms the rieh valley of Chailles and Cande , over this region ferry boats are employed transporting in every direction the inhabitants who bave taken refuge in the upper stories of the houses . At night all places sup . posed to be liable to inundations are illuminated by torches , and extraordinary lamps have been erected . The mayor and his assistants , the commissary and agents of police , have sat during the night at the mayory , ready to supply hel p when required . Such are a few of the details which first arrived at Paris , they are however nothing in comparison to tbe disasters which have been spread over the department of tbe Loiret .
At Orleans the Loire in twenty-four hours rose sixteen feet : a audden fall then took place . The reduction amounted to twenty inches in two hours , and continued during the night of the twentieth . This abatement produced a new disaster ; the embankments cracked , and at one place were carried away to an extent of sixteen feet . A horrible noise like an explosion was heard upon the quays of Orleans ; it was the railway viaduct of Viwzon , which the violence of the torrent had burst . The Isvee near St . Pre has been carried away through a length of about thirty-five yards , and immediately the Loire assumed the appearance , not of a river , but ofa sea 1 As far as the eye could see , there was only a horizon of waters . All tlie communes of the Vat are literally
submerged . Some houses are inundated to the depth of twenty feet ; others are totally submerged . Help is cried for everywhere , but difficult to be afforded . How can boats be directed through gardens intersected by hedges ? besides , the numbers of boats available are utterly insufficient . Boatmen cannot be obtained , and the danger is as great to those who offer , as to those who receive assistance . Unfortunates who took refuge in the upper chambers of the houses are taken out by means of rope ladders . Several of tlie houses in Orleans . _haye fallen by the pressure ofthe waters . The conservatories are all destroyed . In the country , the unfortunate inhabitants are insulated , some on the roofs of their houses , others in barns , some among the branches
of trees . Meanwhile , food fails ; the bakers cannot make bread _; desolation is universal . On the afternoon of the 20 th tbe tocsin was sounded in all the communes of the Val , and in the night the common cry was , " sauve qui petit . " Here and there upon the quays , and in the city , peasants were seen driving beasts before them , which they had saved from the river ; whole families were nearly naked , stripped of all resources , and barely able to save themselves from the fury ofthe waters . Tne infants aud the aged were without shelter or help . The disaster meantime spreads ; tbe Loire again increases . At Orleans all business is suspended ; the custom-house , the exchange , the tribunal ot commerce—all are shut . It is impossible to estimate the enormous amount ofthe loss . It is a national disaster .
Further reports ofthe inundations reached Paris in the course of the afternoon of Saturday . New disasters are announced from Orleans , The _routo from Tours is entirely intercepted by tbe inundation . The couriers from Tours , Angers and Nantes bave ceased to arrive at Orleans . The number of houses destroyed in the city of Roanne is one hundred and fifteen . Of four hundred boats loaded with merchandise , which were moored on the quays , two hundred and seventy ara totally lost . The property thus destroyed is estimated at a million of franc 3 at least . Tho town of Bollignx is
entirely devastated . A considerable portion of the villages Poully and Rougy ia destroyed ,, and \ h appears that several persons in them hare heen lost . The barrack of gendarmes at _Andresienx having been destroyed , the men with their wives and chit dren took refuge upon the roof of tha stables . Notwithstanding the screams , of distress which they uttered , it was not until tna next day at noon that four boatmen determined , ir . spite of the tears and supplications of their _fanaAUes , to risk their lives to save these unfortunates .
The following _partieulara are selected from thereports brought _fromtia department of the Nievc : — Never within the lap * niory 0 f man have the waters of the Loire _sc * risen . The river began to overflow its banks on the lS'i / . ; but no one expected the prodigious inundati « i _* 5 > by which suddenly the country was submerged _^ on the night between the eighteenth and nineteenth . It was at three in the morning lik « a tide rising at fhe rate of four feet an hour . The _riyersuddenly 5 . nvaded the lower part of the town of Nevers , aft er having covered with its foaming waves tbe _e-n _* . ire valley round it . A great number of _inhabitao ' cs , threatened in their beds , had scarcely titne to _fly- _' aud give the alarm . __ At the break of day the whole population was up , listening with terror to ithe roar / ng of the waters , which continually _increased . around them . "What ft spectacle ol horror
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_™ £ _Z , « _^' ' _mi"K ) ing their waters , formed m «™ _iS _* lake under which the faubourgs of Mouesse , Nievre , ai ! d Loire nearly disappeared . Here there appeared floating on the water timber and furniture , beasts carried away from their pasturages , and every sort of debris , evidence of the most cruel disaster . _Firc-arm * : discliargcd as signals ot distress , and the screams of miserable creatures confined to their dwellings by the surrounding waters , were everywhere heard . Two steamboats proved of inestimable service . Throughout the day _tljesesailed from house to _houso . taking on board the wretched inhabitants , a considerable number of whom had lost their reason by despair and terror . All Sunday , the most deplorable acoounts were every moment arriving in Paris ofthe effects of the
floods in all parts , more particularly in the southern departments of France . The _L-ire had committed dreadful _ravages between the plain of Auree , Andrezieux , and Roanne . The St , Etienne railway had oeen partly destroyed at Andrezieux . All the boats , aden with merchandize , to the amount of 1 , 000 , 0001 ' .. ! y _i'JSuJ 1 1 the r c , _* of Digoin , had been suuk , and l _. OOOhhu . of brand y , each worth 800 f „ and 1 / . 00 casks ot wine were lost . At Pouilly , MOO pieces hogsheads ) of wine ofthe country and of Beauh . lais , had been carried away by the floods . The swell in the Loire began to be felt at Nantes on the 21 st , but the authorities bad cautioned the inhabitants residing along its banks _sgainst its consequences , and no accident had as yet occurred . The Allier and the
Lone , at their junction , became an immense sea . 1 , 400 labourers , engaged in the construction of the railroad , would have inevitably perished , had not provisions been sent to them by a steam-boat , which took the poor men on board and _brou"ht them to a place of safety . In the Val of Orleans 10 districts were entirely laid waste ; 80 boats and 250 boatmen had arrived at Orleans from Paris , and were employed in carryinsr provisions and relief to the inhabitants of the inundated country . Near Amboise the Loire had burst the great bank by which its course is partially restrained , and flowing with irresistible force through the opening thus made , had made an immense breach in the Orleans and Bordeaux Railway , which is there carried _alona
an embankment . About four kilometres of this embankment are said to be entirely washed away , and the line for some miles , although it would not have been materiall y Injured by an ordinary inundation , is supposed to have received so much damago that some months must elapse before it can be again opened for traffic . On the night of Saturday , in particular , _nfrightfnl hurricane manifested itself at Valence , accompanied by thunder and lightning . The rain resembled more that of the tropics than what is seen in Europe . The strangeness ofthe phenomenon filled with terror not only the human race , but the inferior animals : vsst numbers of birds of every species flew for shelter from the surrounding country to the town . Flocks
of thrushes , widgeons , and ducks , were seen and heard in the streets and gardens of the town some of them , attracted by the _liuht , to » k refuge in the cafes , others descended the ohimnies . On the same night , a phenomenon most extraordinary , though not absolutely unprecedented , took place at Grenoble . On Saturday morning the thermometer fell suddenly above thirteen degrees , and the barometer fell to the point marked storm . The firmament was loaded with a brown , thick , dusty-looking vapour , which produced almost complete darkness . The heavens retained this appearance without rain until fhe evening , Accompanied by an oppressive heat and guats ofa southern wind , like the Italian sirocco at 11 at night , preceded by loud claps of thunder and terrific flashes of lightning , tbe rain began to pour
and speedily assumed a _voilence as though it menaced a deluge . The streets were filled with tiles , slates , and the debris of ehimnies blawn down by J the force of the wind . Flocks of birds invaded the houses , entering through doors and windows . The same storm was manifested on the same day at distant points , in the departments of La Drome and Isere , and was accompanied by an extraordinary phenomenon , which the witness call showers of blood . The rain which fell left upon tbe clothing , the umbrellas , the leaves of trees , panes ot glass , < fcc , reddish spots resemhling blood . A bucket of this liquid was saved , and forwarded for analysis to a chemist at Lyons . An apothecary at Bourgoin is said to have examined the spots found on the leaves of plants , and found thnt it was composed of iron , silcx , alumina , and carbonic acid .
Subscriptions had been opened in the offices of the Paris journals in favor of the sufferers by the _fliotb . The Orleans Railroad Company had subscribed 30 . 000 f ., the Journal des Debats oOOf . ; ; but it is due to our facetious contemporary , the Charivari , to state , that it took on Saturday the initiative iu this work of benevolence . The Presse announces that the Minister of Commerce had received the reports on the crops which he hud demanded from tiie prefects . " Those reports , " it says , — Mention that the wheat crop was in amount one-fifth inferior to that of ordinary years , but that the excellent quality of the grain reduced the deficit to one-tenth . Franca consumes 60 , 090 , 00 ft hectolitres of wheat _imnually ; she consequently only requires 6 , 000 , 000 hectolitres to supply the deficiency , or a month's consumption .
We have more than once referred , but with extreme regret , to the sufferings of trade and of the population of Paris , and wc lament to find our _information more than corroborated by the papers before us . * ' Bankruptcies" says the Reforme , — Are of daily occurrence in Paris—petty merchants continue to shut up _their'sliops , the pawnbrokers' offices arc besieged with applicants , the savings-banks will soon be empty , the hospitals are crowded , 115 , 000 indigent depend upon public charity in Paris , tlie prisons are full , and the winter will throw about 100 , 000 workmen out of employment—our prospects are indeed very sad .
The Paris papers of Monday contains further _accounts-of the destruction created by the inundation of the Loire , and other rivers in the miiidle and _soutliotTrance . The quantity of property destroyed is immense , and tlie loss of life is supposee to be greater than the authorities choose to admit .. __ It was feared that the steamers on the Saone , which since the inundations had been the only means of communication for a portion of the country , would be suspended as the river had already reached an alarming height . It was reported at Lyons that nearly half the town of Briare had been destroyed .
SPAIN . The Gaceta of the 18 th contains the amnesty to political-offenders the promulgation of which , on the Same day , we have announced . It is prrceded by a report to the Queen , signed by her Ministers , dated the 17 th of October . The amnesty is stated to be issued on the occasion oi' her Majesty ' s marriage , " which has given such pure delight to the whole nation , and afforded fresh guarantees of order , stability , and consolidation to the whole internal peace of the monarchy . " The royal decree , vouchsafing the amnesty , is _signed by M . _Isturitz , and consists of seven articles . This vaunted act of generous cleraency is a cruel insult and wanton mockery . Under the pompous _language in which the Spanish _isinistry glories itself for this measure of clemency is concealed only a decree of continued incarceration and persecution against tho victims of a long succession of struggles for liberty .
PORTUGAL . ANTI-ABSOLUTIST INSURRECT 1 W .. The Espectador ( Madrid paper ) of the 12 th has the following : — News has been received to-day that Oporto also-pro . nounced , and th « T > uke de Terceira , who had bean sent as Lord Lieutenant to the provinces of the _nos-tli , was made prisoner . It is also said that in Oporto itself a Junta has been formed , with the title of " Provisional _Regency , " under the Presidency of the Conde das Antas . If this be correct ( as wa are assured ) , Braga and other points will have risen , in tbe same manner as other towns and cities , such as Setuhal and Ciutra have dan ? . As to Coimbra and Evora , the news is positive , aud is known officially .
The _Constitutimel states , that the reported arrest of the Duke of Terceira has been confirmed . The-Count Das Antas who commanded at Oporto , having been apprised of what was in contemplation , and summoned to Lisbon under pretence of / suppressing- a movement there , refused to obey , and when the Duite of Terceira disembarked , intendius to take command of the * provinces ofthe north , the Count had him arrested and immediately conducted to prison .. A provisional junta it is said was named , theforfeite _? re- of tbe Queen pronounced , awl heri son Don Pedro proclaimed king with a council of regency . Coimbra , Evora , and Braga , adopted it is said , the game course , whieh seemed likely to be followed by all the cities of the north .
PROGRESS 0 ? TIIE INSURRECTION . T 5 > _a . National says : — " Accounts from Portugal represent the insurrection as making rapid progress . Coimbra and Braga have followed tho example of Oporto . The official journal of Lisbon ofthe 13 th publishes a decreQ betraying the embarrassment and apprehensions of _thOKOvernment . Theofficess aud soldiers dismissed iu 1842 , are recalled into servile . Those who comply are promised roward , and those who refuso threatened with being treatod as deserters . * A letter trom Lisbon oi the ISth says *— " _Thi official account of tho insurrection of Oporto is just arrived .
The Duke de Terceira . has been arrested and confined ih the tower of the fort , The junta of Oporto has proclaimed Dom Pedro V ., ana declared the Queen excludud from the tlirons . The . Marquis do Louie , who married the Inianta Donna Anns , has put himself at the head of the junta of Coimbra . The Count dus Antas presides over that of Oporto , There have been organised at Coimbra four battalions , wbich are to join with the forces of the provinco ofAveiro in marching upon the capital . All the steam-boats , belonging to private companies as well as to the state , havo placed themselves at the disposal of the junta of Oporto . "
SWITZERLAND . Accounts from Berne report that tho authorities have succeeded in checking further disturbances ; from all parts of the Canton assistance has been offered to the _Government . Twelve hundred armed
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_volunteer from the surrounding country have been placed at its disposal ' , b « t the authorities had not seeen occasion to avail themselves of this force . The Courrier FrancaU _W , "A person attached to the foreign office left Paris on Thursday for Vienna , charged to remit to M * deMettemich a plan of arrangement for the affairs of Switzerland , accordto bases already agreed on . "
REPORTED REVOLUTION IN BASLE . Tlie intelligence which has been received from Switzerland removes all doubt of a movemenG at Basle similar to that which has taken plpce at Geneva . On the evening ofthe 20 th , the leaders ofthe radical party assembled at an inn about half a league from the city , to concert means io overturn the existing government , and to insure the triumph ol their principles . Reports stale that the result of their discussion was to overturn the existing government , to reduce the members of the lesser council from seventeen to ten , giving each an _annu-il salary of £ 200 ; to extend electoral rights ; to dissolve the defensive alliance of the seven cantons : and to oppose the establishment of tbe Jesuits in Switzerland . The Conservatives also held a meeting at the Hotel des Trois Rois , but they seemed completely disorganised and paralysed . Letters from the frontiers
of Switzerland , dated the 22 nd , mention that the canton of Baale was in full revolt ; that the pavement of the streets had been torn up , that the creat council had _resigned , and that _BosJe-villc and Baslecampagnc would be formed into a _sin"le canton . At Bernd , tranquillity continued to the date of the latest accounts , ( 21 st . ) The concentration of tho French troops on the Swiss frontier had attracted the attention of the authorities . The governments of the Cantons of Geneva and Vaud , were making military preparations ; that of Berne only waited the orders of the Vorort . Meanwhile the farther disbanding of troops was deferred ; there were under arms there two battalions of infantry , each 1 , 200 stromr ; three companies of carabineers ; three spnadvons of cavalvy ; and two batterW of artillery ; in all above 3 , 000 men . who bad been reviewed on the 21 st by the director of military affairs , Colonel Ochseubein .
ITALY . Letters from Italy , dated Bologna . 13 th inst ., brinfj reports of attempts made at _Faenza by the retrogade party , secretly excited , it is said , by Austrian a » cnts . On the 11 th , a partyof young- people made an excursion from Faenza to a little provincial town in the neichbourhood , to celebrate the amnesty grunted by his Holi . ness , by means of a fete . A party of brigands , of tho bargo , assembled _mi-an while on the road to intercept and attack them on thnir return . A party of chasseurs , however , happened to approach the ci ' y by the tame route , who , being mistaken for the revellers , were fired upon by the brigands , and two of whom were wounded . The Governor of _Pat'iiza learning this , called out the
gendarmes , who . it was found . Iowever , were shut up in their barracks hy order of their commander , _ivlio was him * elf nowhere to be found . The Swiss guards were then ciUed out , who , aided by the inhabitant . * :, attacked the brigands . The _engagement lasted three hours , in wllicll some were killed and many wounded on both sides . On the return of the party of young _persons tho prolcgate of Ravenna ordered out two pieces of artillery , and caused thp bargo to be occupied and put in a state of siege ; the _brigades took refuge upon a mountain on the confines of Tuscany . ThU _intelligence caused much agitation at Bologna , and through nil TtomaKna . A ge . ner . il demand has been made to Hie governm' . Tit to _rcuiace the principal civil ami military authorities by persons devoted to the Pope and to progress , and less likely to become instruments of Austria .
UNITED STATES AND MEXICO . SEIZURE AND ANNEXATION TO THE UNITED STATES OF NEW MEXICO AND CALIFORNIA . The Boston packet-ship , George Washington , arrived at Liverpool on Saturday , _bringinc the intelligence of the taking of Santa Fe . Tiie . Western Mail had _hrous-hfc intelligence to New York statinsr that on the 18 th of August , General Kearney entered Santa Fe , and having hoisted the United States flag
from the national palace , proclaimed New Mexico in possession ofthe United States army , which is said to have been hailed with shouts of applause by tho i \ fexican people . He administered the oath of _allepianee to the Alcades of small towns and officers nf Santa Fe . Ho proclaimed himself Governor of Now Mexico , and took quarters at the palace . Armijo , with 4 , 000 troops , fled to Chihuahui , where report says strong resistance would be made by a large army . General Kearney was preparing to march to Chihuahua .
It _seeim that General Kearney ' s division took formal possession of Santa _Feon the ISth of August , after a march of fifty miles _through a difficult country , but without opposition , lie had previously taken possession of the Mexican villages on his route , It was supposed he would soon despatch a force of 2000 men to California . The division under Gen . Taylor , on the Rio Grande , seems to encounter more difficulties . A battle was expected at Monte rey , where Gen . Tavlor , with 7000 men _, _was expected to arrive about the 20 th of September . An advanced guard had encountered Mexican troops , and it is supposed that Monterey would be defended by a large force , well fortified , and commanded by Ampudia . By the arrival of the Great Western on Sunday , we have been put in possession of the
_PROCLAMATION . To the inhabitants of New Mexico , by Brigadier General S , W , Kearney , commanding the troops of the United States iu the same : — As by the act ot the Republic of Mexico , a state of war exists between that Government nud the United Statv * . and as the undersigned , at the head of his troops , on the 18 th inst ., took possession of Santa Fe , thecapilal ofthe department of New Mexico , he now announces his intention to hoi 1 the department with it 3 original boundaries ( on both sides of the Del Norte ) as part ofthe United States , and under the name and territory of New Mexico .
The _undersignedhas come to New Mexico with a strong military force , and an equally strong one ia following Close in his rear . He has more troops than necessary to put down any opposition that can possibly be brought against him , and therefore it would be but folly or madness for any dissatisfied or discontented persons to think of resisting him . The undersigned has instructions from his Government to respect the religious institutions of New Me . xieo , to protect _tlfe property of the Church , to cause the _worsliijj of those belonging to it to be undisturbed , and their religious rights in the amplest manner preserved * to them .
Also , to protect the person and property of all quiet and peaceable inhabitants within its boundaries _ngain-st their enemies , the Euta »* s , Navahoe 9 _, and others , and while heassures all that it will be his pleasure as well as his duty to comp ly with those instructions , he calls upon them to exert themselves in preserving order , in- promoting concord , and in maintaining the authority and effieiencv of the laws ; and to require of those who have left their homes and taken up arms against troops of the United States , to return forthwith to them ,, or . eUe they will * be considered as enemies and traitors ,, subjecting their persons to- punishment , and their property to seizure and _confiscation , for tho benefit of the public Treasury .
It is the intention- of tho United States to . provide for New Mexico a frflA gOVeMmOufc Willi tllO _lJUSt _JlOSBiblO delay , similar to those in the United States , and the people of New Mexico will then be called on- to _exereisa ths rights of freedom in electing their own . representatives to the territori . _* _* _. _logblature , but until ; this can , bo done the laws hitherto iri existence will bo continued until changed ! or modified by competent authority , and those persons holding offiee will continue-inthe same for tlie present , provided tbey will consider themselves good citizens and williug to take the oath of allegiance to thu United States .. The undersigned hereby absolves all persons residing within the boundary of K _<* w Mexico , from- foreign * allegiance to the Republic of Mexico ,, and hereby claims them as _citizons of the United States . Those who . remain quiet and peaceable will ' be considered as good citizens , and receive protection .
Those who aro found in arms , c ? instigating others , _ajjainsHhe United States , will be considered as traitors _,, and treated accordingly . Don Manual Arniijo , tho lata Governor of this department , has tied from it . The _uadcrsignt-d lias _tnton possession of it _without firing a gtia or spilling a drop of blood , ia which he _niost truly rejoices , and for the present will be considered a Governor of tho territory , _6-ivcn at Sout . i _Pc _, the capit al of the territory of New-Mexico , this 22 ml "ay of August , 1810 . anil in the seventy _, first year of the _independence of the Halted States . ii , ~ """"" By the _Govsmor , _'** ** - "' " _'"'*" " " *""" S ., W . _KEAasur , Brig . Gen . Commander Sloat , on talung Montovoy in _UaiT fornio , had issued a proclamation , from which wc give the _following extract : —
The Central Government of . Mexico having commenced hostilities against the United States of America , by invading its territory , and attacking the troops of She Unitod States , stationed at the north side of tho Itio Grande , with a fovea of seven thousand men , under the command of General Arista , which army was totally destroyed , and all their artillery , hapgage , & , c , captured , on the Sth and 0 th of May last , by a force of two thousand three hundred men , under the command of General Taylor , and tho city of Matamoras taken and occupied by the forces of the United States ,
The two nations being actually at war by this transaction , 1 shall hoist tho standard of the United States at Monterey immediately , and shall carry throughout California . 1 declare to the inhabitants of _Caliiornia , that although I come in arms , with a powerful force , I do not come among them as nn enemy to California , but on the contrary , I come as their best friend , as henceforward California will be n portion of the United States , and its peaceable inhabitants will enjoy the same rights and privileges as tho citizens of any othes- portion of that nation , with all the rights and _privileges they now enjoy ; together with the privilege of choosing their own magistrates , and other officers , fov the administration of jus tico among themselves , and _tb-osams protection sh nil bo
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extended to them an to any other State of the tfnion "By will also enjoy a permanent Government , smder Hwfni ' . I 01 , krti ' ' ani 1 tlle constitutional rights : Snd _coneen- T t 0 WoraWp th 0 Grmor j » * »« y ¦» 09 * whteh r eaCh ° "e ' ' - » _- '>< - of duty , will be . ' cure , ' internal J * - ' dMtro » Bd afi _>« t _Tnousaa are br _Itnnlr ar ' ° _* _'t offlMM "ll 0 < _'' _'<*!'* =- " _>*¦ slant revolutions to promote their own interests _-nd _Cl-forma »> _ll be free from all such t . oi'ble * anil ex pauses , _ensequena , the country „ , _,,, „ ,, „ . „ _,, „ _£ „ and improve , both in agriculture nnucomiit , rCI * of course the revenue laws will be the same in _Calitbn ' ik as in all other parts of the United States . _aR-rding _th-n ' i all manufactures and produce of the United _Siatts _, free from any duty , and all i ' orei _^ n g oods at outs qunr ' ter of the duty they now pay . A great increase hi Mi ? value of real estate , and the products of _CalitVrniti , mayrea . sonubly be _expected .
The executive at Washington were malting _ strenuous exertions for pushing the war in Mexico _Iwtb by sea and hind . Orders had been forwarded to General Taylor , directing him , in case he had not anticipated ' the instructions , to hasten his advance , and take possession of Monterey with all possible expedition , and having fnrlifl d the city , am ! left a sufficient garrison for the protection of hospitals , stores , iStc , ts march forward upon Saltiil _^ _, » nd tc continue his progress onward till his advance was countermanded . He was instructed to levy his supplies upon the country , but to uuard rigidly against the infliction of personal dignities on the inhabitants , and the unauthorised invasion of their private houses . We take the _followine from the New York Dailg Globe of September the 23 th : —
ROBERT OWEN . Tlio following from the pen of _Robnt Owen will bet rend with interest by every friend of humanity , no matter in what clime destiny may have _j ; iveii him birth . Mr . Owen is a man of enlarged mind , liberal principles , ana unbounded charity . Iljs _whol _, * life has be-en one of putiei ' t and dvt « rmint _* d _persevt-rtnee in the _puyr-uit of truth , and when ho believes ho has discovered it , ha avai ' s himself of every opportunity to _promulgate it in every part ofthe civilised world , regardless cf expanse and personal sacrifice Thousands have received the benefit i > f h \ % philanthropy , ami may we not _lmpc that in future ages millions will reap thu reward of his zea . lous anil indefatigable labours in endeavouring to _enidic . _'ite theeril-j ofthe social system ? Disunion _imil Union—The _Disa-lYnntn-jes of the former to all—The Advantages of the latter to nil , ana the necessity for the introduction ef the principles which will make Union universal for the permanent _b-.-nefit of all .
Hitherto the principles which necessarily divide man from man , and nation from nation , have been applied to form the character of , and t « govern , the human race .. Tln-su are the principles of ciror and evil , vihich have produced th » In ivs of men , from which directly _enmnato hatr _, d , discord , crime , violence , w »> s and massacres . These principles and practices _ai-a directly opposed to the pence , progress , well hung , and happiness of mankind . The time has arrived , in the due order of nature , for these principles and practices of _univtrs-Jl error and evil to be uprooted from their loivest foundations and tor ever abandoned , as the greatest bane , to seciety , and to the happiness of every individual . Disunion now _doitvoysthe peace of families nnd nations , but when the _pri-tripies _wlilcli create ili _.-iunioti shall lie superseded by those _u- _'liiph oun nlono oy . 'ato uiiii _,,,, mui . will _liunnrvti . _uci ; co'i 4 u _4 ofthe incalculable blessings vthich thtsa principles nill secure for their race ,
As the principles which create lvpulsiou and disunion , hare created opposing religions , opinions- , and feelings , and now maintain _different languages and contending interests , and have divided the raci _* _, into _ciasses , sects , parties and nations , to tho deep injury of all , ot' every cln-, * , sect , party and country , the principles which caa alone ci'eate attraction and union will unite our race ultimately in one religion , one _language , on « class one _purtv and one nation , in wbich a variety of opinions , sceiring after now truths , will never produce anger , hatred , « r opposing feelings , but wiil create one unchanging desire lo promote cordially tlie happiness , not only of the human family , of every fellow-being , so far as it may bo compatible with the well-being of man . Uut the union of men and nations can never be attained under th « existing erroneous system of the world ; erroneous in principle and practice , through every department and ramification of society _.
Admitted that the United States _gsreniment , the last formed , aic _' ed by all the experience of the past , i 3 the > least erroneous in principle ; yet its practices are little better than former governments ; and in some respects worsa than the best of them . The principles , which arc eternally true to the theory ofthe govcrment of the United States , are"EQUA * _d
RIGHTS AND A JUST PRACTICAL EQUALITY AMONG ALL ITS CITIZENS ACCORDING TO THEIR . AGE . " But in consequence of PRACTICE of this gover . _' . mcnt being , in fact , based on tlie _erronsous lawso £ men instead of the wise laws , most beneficent and un _« changing laws of God , equal rights and a just practical equality according to age , are not to be foam ! , or anything approaching to them in any one State ofthe Union . It is , however , most fortunate that the fundamental theory of the United States Government is so correctly true , and that the federative principle , although so imperfectly applied , has bec-n adopted ill practice . Fortunately , because the theory of "Equal Rights , " and a just "Equality" with the principle of "• Federation " perfectly applied lopracliee , will give to the present and all future generations , a new system of government that will ensure the well-doing , well-being , and happiness of AVt .
The perfect federative system will in practice , secure Equal Rights and a just equality for all . It can be made to take especial continued care , from hirtll to death , of ench citizen , and cordially to unite in one interest and one attached brotherhood , the entire population of _ona hemisphere first , and afterwards ofthe world , Hy union emanating directly from the laws of God , and producing in practiea " equal rights and a just equality , " the population of this _hemisplnre may he , through the self-interest of each individual , as well as from the highest motives of humanity , federatively
united , so as to insure its permanent peace , progressive prosperity , terminate crime , reduco evil _antl human _suffering almost to annihilation , aud make all rational and as happy as limited life , when well eductittil , trained , employed and placed , can be made to beconiR . Nor need this state o £ felicity be long withheld , even from tha millions ; all the materials exist in ubundnnce _, and tbe discovery lias now been made , how to combine these materials in such a manner as permanently and cordially to unite the human race as one rational , vtell educrted family , each striving to ensure the happiness of the others . Robebt OWE !! . Victoria packet-ship , Sept . 1 , 181 G .
Denmark.—Kiel, Oct. It.—M. Oeshausen.. Who
Denmark . —Kiel , Oct . IT . —M . Oeshausen .. who
Has Been Liberated By The Danish Governm...
has been liberated by the Danish government , arrived at Kiel on the evening of the 1 fth . The whole population streamed out to meet him at the railway terminus , and the town was brilliantly illuminated . ]? ublic tranquillity was uot disturbed , _Posbs , Oct . 10 _i—In consequence of the late conspiracy of the Polish nobility , the use of the language in the llonian Catholic Gymnasia of our province is restricted . According to a Ministerial _i _* eseripfc which has boon put in force since Michaelmas , tho German language is to he employed in teaching the Gymnasia of Irzeiaestanoand ; Ostfowua in the tourth classes , whereas formerly it _eommesced at the second .
Double _Muudsb . —At Valenciennes , in the evening of tho 2 Dth . instant , the inhabitants were alarni « d by a double report of tire arms ,. and on g « ii ; it _? out to learn the causo they found M . Cossiuux . a bilker , in a state-of-distraction pointing to the parlour b- 'hiud the shop . On _entering the _neighbours found Madame Gossiaax and their journey man . Louis B quefc , lying on the iloor , eaeh of their heads dreadfully wounded . Madame Sossinux was qnito dead , a ;> . d _Soquet _expired in a few minutes aftevwaid _* . Theaccount given by M . Goissaux wa- - , that _lieinsr at a public hoase , his man came in and niter drinking a
glass together they went home to _suw-cr . _Cuissaus went down to the c « llar . to draw souse lieer . aud when he returned to tho room he found the horrid spectacle . The only conjecture that ha * as * . et been formed of the cause * of this . _eiitastraphf ! is , time Madame Coissaux , who _hc- 't Urn accounts of tin : business , had dhenvered that Eiiquet , who was of very irregular habits _, had been » ui ; ty of some peeuliation , and threatened ; to _inim-in his master , ami in _ivvunge the villain Killed his _ir . _istvess and then destroyed himself to prevent his public exposure and
_punishsaeiit . A Riot-,, arising out of the high price of corn , took place laat week at _Ucniiebmi _, ntMi _honciH . Tlie populace attempted to prevent the departure of two vessels laden with corn , and would probably have plundered them , but for the arrival cf some " troops . Several ofthe rioisrs were arrested . _RoBUKUf AND _AtTBMI'IBI * _Musoku IX C ' _llKSinP . E Mr . Thomas _M'Gill , a _travelling draper , was shot in the head and then rubbed of two & 2 <) Dank of England notes , two . € 5 notes , £ 1 S in _--oid . and _li-uili £ 3 to £ _-i in silver , and a £ 10 Bank of England note , total £ 82 , by a man named Jobn Wright , who , after
robbin" him , attempted to drag him to a brook , no doubt with the intention of drowning him , but was prevented from eu ' cctiv . g bis purpose by somo men , who were working in au adjoining field , near to the hi » h road , at Tabley , Cheshire . Wright is wellknown by Mr . M'Gill , having been formerly in the same business as a Scotch traveller , lie met him near Tabley , aud onter orl into conversation ; j h him and shortly after stopped , until Mr . M _OUl paWed on , when the report of apistol was hennl _. _aild M'Gill fell . Wright then rifled h . sp «* _££ bg some labourers coming twma field , he attei wards made off .
. . Mr . Boddington , jun ., of \ crvcirs , and several _Bebnan workmen , haveleit for Ismud m Turkey , where they will he employed in a large cloth manufactory which has ken established there , _jg- _^ t _a _^
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 31, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_31101846/page/7/
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