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S The most important relics eptember 13,...
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'_ iifTj-ij- j,>irf-n r jij jy - i * f ,...
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<*^-We suspend for a week the selections...
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THE LAND
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Within that land was many a malcontent, ...
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PROGRESS OF AGRARIANISM IN AMERICA. A pr...
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Abebnethy's Pile Ointment.—One of the gr...
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Bankrupts;, $cu
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BANKRUPTS. (From Friday's Gazette, Septe...
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iftarftrt IwXtWmmt
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Manchester ^ Corn Market, Saturday, Sept...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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S The Most Important Relics Eptember 13,...
S eptember 13 , 1845 . THE NORTHERN STAR . 7 7 _i I i - _,-- .-: ¦; _i \ i ' 7 ' . ~ " : : .-..- — " ™ " 1 - ¦ ¦ — *_ '"
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_'_ _iifTj-ij- j , > _irf-n r _jij jy - i * f r _^« _V _>»» i . > i _''» vv _'^ _f'V _* " _/*< _*' _. ' > _' » _rfi _>^ _i _» « And I will war , at least in worts , ( And—should my chance so happen—deeds ) , ' With all who war trith Thought V « 1 think I hear a little bird , who sings - The people hy and by will be the stronger , "— -Bteos .
<*^-We Suspend For A Week The Selections...
_<*^ _-We suspend for a week the selections from -M r MAZznu _' s "Italy , Austria , and the Pope . " Tvcxt week we purpose giving Mr . Mazzixi ' s conclu-< jjnirappeal to England , and to Europe generally ; _toother with some comments of our own . We have this week 10 ca _^ _*^ e attentiou of our readers to another subject . - „ ,.., „ two numbers of las Jerrold
jjj the last Doug ' s _Magazine there have appeared two articles under the title nf " The Englishman in Prussia , " in which the writer < cts about describing the social , moral , political , nnd _rclisious state of the people of Prussia . In the first article tliere was a short account of the famous _< i _jjoiy Coat ;"' but in this month ' s number the sub-; cct is more fully treated of , and the expose of thc ; -ncless frauds committed by the priests on the eredulous multitude is so astounding , that for the information ofour readers we have deemed it right to civc it a place in our columns .
THE HOLT COAT AT TBEVrs . ( From Douglas _JerrdSs Magazine , for September . ) That the Caliph Haroun Alraschid is really a matter-offact historical personage , requires a considerahle efforr for many people seriously to believe , when they call to mind the various ' extraordinary 3 ' circumstances in wliich he plays so conspicuous a part in the "Arabian » lits Entertainments ; " hut that his name should ever We arought forward as a secure "basis whereon to settle a floahtful question of _"anthenticitr , " could certainly never j , aTe entered the imagination of the majority even of the most courteous readers . Such , however , is the case : and the " Commander of the feithful" is the sole sponsor for tlie genuineness of most of those sacred Christian relics to which millions of Rhenish Catholics constantly bend -the knee with prayer and adoration .
The numerous relies of saints , apostles , martyrs , and other holy persons , preserved in the churches of Rhenish Prussia , seem to be fairly traceable bach to the time of Charlemagne , who was crowned Emperor of tlie "West in the year 800 . The sacred bits of wood , hones and rags , are undoubtedly a thousand years old . So far , they are genuine , —and _valnahle . They were all collected by Charlemagne , and the majority came to him directly from tlie hands of the Caliph Haroun Alraschid . Finding that the devout Emperor set a great value on such things , lhe friendly and magnanimous caliph took care to supply tnm with many rare presents . It is not improbable that Giaffir and _JMesrour hail " standingorders" to procure every extraordinary curiosity of this hind that could be heard of , with any likelihood of _Jts being genuine—or plausible . •" : _' "
The depressed and stnpined countenances of theJRhenish peasantryhave hfen . in a great measure attributed ( in 2 fo . I . of thisseries ' of papers ) to the influence of gross superstition , as their meagre and unenergetic bodily condition has been chiefly ' attributed to their veiy poor and insufficient diet . That these opinions have some good foundation may be shown bv the evidence of the collateral fact , that the peasantry of the north of Germany are a comparatively fiue , handsome , able-bodied race ; tliey are Letter _ftd , _^ _-rf _' n _^ . _lIaTiaoiije of the gross _superstitions so universal _KJSi-fe'JSncnish provinces . The established religion of _Northern "Gerinany is the Protestant . The political despotism is the same , bnt not the mental -. and , as the peasantry of all countries are unlikely to trouble their heads with politics , the influence is not seen in the expression oftheir faces , except as it affects their physical condition . It is the _despgjisin over the soul that strikes the deepest marks in the countenance of the JRhenish peasantry .
"While alluding to the various objects of the superstitious reverence and idolatry of the people inhabiting the lastmentioned province , and before we proceed to the deplorable sequel of the history of the Pilgrimage to the Iloly Coat at Treves , it may be as wiO . to give thereader a passing glance at afetr otker relics , now in constant exhibition , in order to show him that the above holy garment is no wonderful exception , or accident of the time , but only a part ofa regular system , and that he may see the actual state of intelligence among the working classes at this present day in these most fertile and populous provinces .
The cathedral of Cologne is quite a museum of sacred relics aud remains , monuments and muniments , pictures and painted windows ; and the church on _theKreuzberg , near Bonn ( in tlie vaults of which , lie the mummies of soincscoTe of devout monks ) , has also a . ye _^ _gbad marble staircase , in every step of _wWji " reliei _^» enshrined behind a small lattice-work of _lrife _^ anjgp _t- tme is permitted to ascend or _dcscendjCiSDCIyj _^ Kni j ; pr rather crawling , upon his knees .- JMg _^ _^ OJ _^ P _^ laces , rich in possessions of this kind , crowdi |* f » _PfTCColleetion , and wonld be likely to confuse _anyj _^ _rarmpt to enter upon a few particulars _^ bmv fortnnatel _^ _aJlittle book is within om _: _reat _^ vmtten m ]? ren _<&/ _Md con _to
of the relied deposited In the cathedral of Aachen ( _Aix ) , _' foundedj ? as was the city Itself , by Charlemagne . ' _TU ' e _, relics of one cathedral have a strong fomHy likeness _-ito those of most others , and a peep at tbe relics in : Ass will be tiie most appropriate , after what has already beeu said ' of the friendly munificence of Haroun Alraschid . The title of this little hook is sufficiently lengthy and explicit— "Tr & or _d'Ais-la-Chapelle ; OU , coarte Description des Saintes Keliques _, qui ont ete recutallies par le tres-glorieus Empereur Charlemagne , et _ensuite placces dans la basilique de Notre-Dame d ' . _tix-la-Chapelle , oil elles sont conservces et exposees imbliquemeut tons les sept ans a la veneration des _fidJles . _**
It should be observed , by the way , that these "treasures" of Aix-la-Chapdle do not consist only of those things sent from Arabia by the " Commander of tlie faithful , " but many of them were presents from Greek emperors , tlie Empress Irene , and from Christians in the last , who regarded Charlemagne as their benefactor , he Laving forwarded considerable sums of money for tbe relief of those -who suffered trader the tyranny of the Saracens in the Holy Land . "Knowing , therefore , " says the book before us , "his extraordinary piety , and Ms love for all religious objects , they sent to him from all parts of Palestine , of the East , from Rome , and other parts of Italy , from Africa , and from Spain , tlie most important relics . These he has distributed and placed m different : collegiate churches and cathedrals , which he caused to be built , as proved by tlie letters patent which he granted to these churches . But he had a particular predilection for the church of >* otre-Dame in Aix-la-Chapelle , which was the chapel of his court , and he enriched it with the most precious reUcs . " Here are a few of { hem ;—
X . The white rohe in wliich the Holy Virgin was attired in the stable at Bethlehem , -when she gave birth to tlie Saviour ; it is of cotton cloth , of about five and a half feet long ; Whence we may conclude , with _JXicephorus and Epiphanius , that the Iloly Virgin teas tall of stature . II . The swaddling clothes , -Which are spoken of in the 24 th chapter of St . Luke . They are of a deep yellow colour ; ( d _' un drapjaune , tresfonce ) as coarse as felt , but woven . III . The linen npon which St . John tlie Baptist was decapitated , or rather , in which his body was enveloped and carried away : Matt . xiv . 13 ; Mark vi . 20 . This lUai is all covered tritfi Wood .
The little book from which we quote is declared to be published " avec permission des Superieurs ; " and at the back of the title-page , we read , Vu , et approuve par J > _ous , Aix-la-Chapelle , le lo Mars . Eonck , Vic . grlis . " 3 " o _« r _, if it be _reaUy true tbat this was published with Sneh permission _, and had been seen and approved by the _iSsnitary Ponck , thc supervision must have been very _slight wluch could allow the 24 th chapter of Luke to be referred to , instead of the 2 nd , ( for the 24 th refers to the crucifixion !) and the 20 th verse ofthe Cth chapter of St . ilark , instead ofthe 29 th verse . In any case , this shows thatthe _compilers thought that anything would do for the worshippers of these Treasures . There was no need tobe particular . IV . The linen which was wound round the Saviour on the cross . The marks of the precious blood are visiUe upon V , & e
V . A reliquaiie ( shrine for relics ) , which contains : — ( 1 . ) The point of one ofthe nails with which our Saviour was fastened upon the Cross . ( 2 . ) A hit ofthe wood of the Holy Cross , upon which he was crucified . ( 3 . ) A tooth of St . Catherine . ( 4 . ) The great bone of one arm of Charlemagne , from tlie elbow to the shoulder . As nearly an _t * most important of the relics contained in this church were deposited there hy _Charlemagne , we mi ght be tempted at first to imagine that in a moment of enthusiasm he had sent them this great bone of one ofhis arms ; it will , however , be more rational , on further consideration , to determine that this relic was collected for him , after his death , and placed among the rest by the hands of some devout monks . Here are a few more , selected from a great variety , all ofa similar kind . IX . Some hair of John fhe Baptist , A rib of St . Stephen , the first martvr , & c .
ah . a shrine of gold , enriched with unpolished Stones , _endosea in which is a part 0 f the earth which was * _rnnkled with the blood of St . Stephen ; also a few of his _™ nes- _Tpon this shrine the King of the Bomans toot tne usual oath at his coronation . Alll . A little casket of gold , enriched with jewels , containing a bit of the aim cf St Simeon . Above this casket Man _asarephial , containing some oil which miraculously _aoweafrom the bones of St . Catherine _, of th n ° Tentnred t 0 a * a question , in a humble tone , reli ont official who was calling our attention to this _^ c when visiting the church , he cut short all further ofllu _^ _''^ 0 DServ _> B S that "it was one of the presents ahl r 0 " ' as _<* hi < l , and was therefore , of unquestioncffL D ! icHy - The - _^ I * _W 0 B , d no < _- ° nbth 3 Ve mi any man ' s head in a moment who had attempted to _""'' - " ¦ _eljim . ft * v " , other Vast of the arm of Charlemagne , from _^ and to the elbow
. X „ . _^ aves , nce learnttliat tlus '' otherpart ' wassentby _inliS L Sn £ of rr ance _, who caused it to he enshrined TVt , Poa _' _ied v _* enridlea _^ _t-1 - enamels , in which is _de-Savion ° f the s _* S with which they gaTe our Bom . Z , ***** Upon the cross 5 a iborn ottne holy crown 5 Bto _; r f ofSt _- charia _5 , fetherof John the Bapt ist ; te « V . _« Thomas , apostle to the Indies : some hair of " _•' . _aposfle St , Bartholomew ; he , & c
<*^-We Suspend For A Week The Selections...
The most important relics are only exhibited in public Once during seven years ; the rest are in daily course of display . Chapter iv . of the little book quoted , is thus headed : "Avec quelle devotion on doit visiter ethonorer les saintes Keli ques . " It contains a variety of prayers , suited to the different relics . which are exhibited , audio be used on those occasions . We forbear to quote any of them—and , if the truth must be told—out of respect and reverence , even to the superstition . Whatever there may be absurd and derogatory in these adorations , they nevertheless breathe a tone so sincere , so devout , so full of faith , ana often so pathetic , that it is scarcely possible to read them without emotion . And this is equally the case with regard to many ofthe almost innumerable prayers which have been written for the exhibition of the Hoiy Coat at Treves . One bf them ( we forbear to translate it for the reason just adduced ) thus commences : — _rpL __„__ - * : _ .... . _ . _ .
Omein Jesus ! Du h'dchstegdttliche Liebe ! entziinde mein Uerz mit dcra Feuer Deiner heiligen Liebe , damit ich DichraeinenGottunaufhorlich liebe . 0 licbevoller _JErloser ! Du bist fiir uns am Kreuze in den gr'dssten hidden _gestorben , um unsslnen Beweis Deiner Liebe zu _geben . Aber ach , wie wenig wirst Du von uns undankbarenMenschen geliebt , & c . But another passage from one of these ( entitled "Gebetebeider Anschauung des heiligen Rockes" ) being ofa more calmly impassioned and profound character the following translation is offered : — " Thy holiest name , Jesus , be my light , when my nerves of sight are broken ; thy holiest name Jesus , be enthroned in my heart , when mine ears can hear no more ; thy holiest name , Jesus , be in my thoughts , when my tongue grows stiff with , coming deatlij and when , at last , my soul separates itself from my body , then be th y holiest name , Jesus , my last sigh in this world , and my first word on awaking in eternity . "
It wul , however , be readily understood , that while many of these prayers induce a profound feeling of reverence ( to the divine object , —not , of course , to the article in question ) , there are many which shock by their gross ignorance , or induce a feeling of the ludicrous . We have seen some of these prayers and addresses containing such expressions as , "' Holy Coat , help _usl ""Sacred Shirt , envelope our souls j "— " Blessed Frock of our Lord , relieve us of these afflictions 1 " & c , he The reader being now in full possession ofthe materials of superstition so deeply and extensively operating at this day throughout the populous provinces of Rhenish Prussia , let us proceed to the melancholy sequel and consequences of the Pilgrimage to . the Holy Garment at Treves .
The poor people , by tens of thousands and hundreds of thousands , trooped off to Treves , eaeh according to his means ; some with ample means of sustenance for the time , and conveyance for the journey ; others without sufficient means of any kind , though they had sold aU they possessed in order to go . JSIauy stood in _abso _^ lute need of assistance by the way there , aiid far many more could never have got back at all without assistance . As it was , the majority of the poorest returned in a most wretched condition—exhausted , thin , ragged , half-starving , and with scarce a shoe to their feet . Yet , for the
most part , they came hack praying aloud as they slowly staggered and crawled along , so much were they sustaiucd hy the fanaticism wliich possessed them . Many of the oldest died ; but they died rejoicing , and their relations and friends felt their grief alleviated when they recollected it was in such a cause 1 IIow melancholy that all _' this amount of self-devotion , this sacrifice of aU outward and perishable things to an internal principle , should be thus misapplied and wasted 1 But governments are all alike in their neglect ofthe means they possess of turning the elementary principles of humanity into good .
In saying that many of these poor people sold all they possessed in order to make this Pilgrimage , we mean so literally , and including all they had reserved to support tliem during the winter . One poor man , who was afflicted with sciatica or lumbago , and could not walk , sold his little field , and some other things for thirty thdlers , to be taken as far as possible in a cart . He expected to be completely cured by praying to the holy garment . To his infinite astonishment and misery , and tliat of all his relations and friends , he returned as ill as he went ! The surprising intelligence having rapidly spread , a shrewdly devout person suggested to him tbat perhaps the man who drove the cart might not
have beeu a true Catholic . Inquiry was made . The carter was not a true Catholic of the Church of Rome . He was no Catholic at all . The investigation was now carried to the utmost point . The man ' s father was a Jew ! As for the man himself , he was found to be nothing ; but he had Jewish blood in his veins , and this was clearly the reason why the poor sufferer with sciatica had returned without being cured . He called all his remaining energies together , sold whatever remained , borrowed all he could ofhis poor relatives , and hiring another cart , with an undoubted Catholic to drive it , performed the Pilerimage a second time ! Keed we say he returned as before?—need we record the sad end of this infatuated sufferer ?
- The money and provisions which the peasantry had reserved to support them during the winter having been thus wasted , thousands of them were soon reduced to a state of want and deplorable wretchedness . If the last winter was hard and of long duration iti England , it was far worse in Germany ; in fact , there were two winters in immediate sequence , or with only two or three days' intervals of sun and thaw , followed by heavy rains . The accumulation of snow in some of tlie most frequented tliroughfares in several cities and towns was so great that when it hardened and settled down into ice , it formed a superstratum of two feet , and in . 6 ome places three feet , over the pavement It is the custom not to remove this till the winter is quite over , the composed Germans sagely reasoning that if they clear their doorways or the horse-way before the winter is over , they may have to do it a second time 1 When , therefore , there did
at last come a general and final thaw , all this mass of iced snow was converted into a stream of dirty water , with which the streets flowed from one end to the other , in some places tlie streets being quite impassable without wading directly through . This was the case in Cologne , in Bonn , and more especially in the villages . At this period the condition of the peasantry was most lamentable . Having expended all their means , and therefore being without money , food , sufficient clothing , or fuel , they were in a state of absolute starvation during the prolonged frost , and were only saved from death by individual and public subscriptions . Wiatmust the fanatics and impostors among the clergy , who had inflamed the imaginations and passions of the peasantry to undertake that ruinous Pilgrimage—what must they , if they thought at all , have thought of themselves and their preaching , when they witnessed all this misery which they had pro . duced .
Butthe worst was yet to come . While the general thaw at the close of the winter was covering the streets ofthe cities and towns with water and slush , it was rapidly at work upon the mountain snows , and the snows en all the hills along the borders of tbe Rhine , and of the hills beside the rivers in the valleys . A stream of melted snow soon begau to flow down into the Rhine from all the neighbouring heights , and this stream soon swelled to a torrent ; the ice at the same time began to break up at Mainz ( Mayence ) , Bingen , aud Cobientz , and down it all came in huge masses completely covering all the surface of the hroad river , floating rapidly onwards , aud with the certainty of never stopping till it reached Holland . Day after day , unceasingly , and througout the night , did this flowing down of mountain-streams continue , together with the continuous floating down the Rhine of the great flat masses of ice , in one grand and
apparently endless succession . It looked as if the winter palace of Time had been broken up , and was being carried away in his accelerated course toward oblivion . The river began to rise , first a few inches in every twenty-four hours—then a foot every night—then a foot and a half—and it overflowed its banks on all sides ; till one nig ht it was found to have risen nearly three feet , and the alarm had of course become general . The Rhine had now risen upwards of ten feet , and the country on both sides was under water . All the fields and adjacent villages were under water , and all the streets of the towns that lea down to the river . The peasantry were flying in all directions , and as they retreated to the nearest village , it was soon found necessary for the inhabitants of that village to fly also , thus carrying with them an accumulation of terror and distress and starvation , to the next village , tlie inhabitants of which hourly expected to be under the same necessity for flight .
A few remained whose houses happened to he larger than the rest , andhad a floor above the ground-Boor , into whieh some of the family retreated to stand "the siege . " But the besiegers were too strong , and as the waters rose the occupants were again obliged to retreat into the next floor above , if their house had another floor ( which only a few in each village generally have ) and if it had not , they were compelled to escape in boats . Villages which had previously been seen from the opposite side of the river , standing upon green banks or bright gravelly soil , with rows of trees along the banks at the river ' s edge , were now only discoverable by the tops of things—little church spires , roofs , chimneys , top stories , tops of trees , he : in front all . was water , with water all around , and water beyond . The villages on the other side of the river , opposite to Bonn , were more especially in this nearly obliterated position , as observed by the inhabitants
from the Alte Zoll , from the high houses , from the high grounds at the back of the town , and from the top of the large gallery of the old windmill in front , which during the whole of one Sunday was thronged with successive crowds of spectators . The remaining inhabitants who were still " holding out" in the second floors of the inundated villages / were supplied with food by boats from Bonn , lt was a common thing at this time to see large boats afloat half-way up two or three of the streets of Bonn , taking in bread from a baiter ' s shop . One of the first of these bread-boats was engaged by some English residents , who rowed away forthwith to the inundated villages , plying "in and out" among the roofs and chimneys and other « tops of things " to distribute bread , and relieve in other ways the occupants of upper floors , or other unromantic Venetian situations . The fanatic clergy -who had excited the poor to their ruinous Pilgrimage were by no m « ans equally " prominent" on any of
these occasions . . ' When the inundation was quite gone , the devastation it had committed upon these poor little villages was but too v isible;—houses aud cottages unroofed , or with the lower part so injured that they would not be safe to live in , and required to be rebuilt ; many cottages completely " gutted , " or with only the upright posts or piles left standing , and some had been completely swep t away . It will be readily nn derstood that these were cases of total loss-the poor people had no "insurances , " nor food , nor money , nor place to lay their heads , nor clothes , nor
<*^-We Suspend For A Week The Selections...
implements of trade , craft , or husbandry . ' They were onl y saved from death by subscriptions which were ' raised throughout the whole of Prussia , the lists beginn-ing with the King ( though the subscri ptions actually began with the merchants and other private individuals ) , and immediately followed by the nobility , army , merchants , English residents ,, and , indeed , ' by the principal inhabitants of all the cities and ' towus , according to tlieir several means . What must the poor people have thought of such a calamity as this inundation following their recent" Pilgrimage to the Holy Coat . and what must tliey have thought ot * its healing aud preserving properties , if their minds had been at liberty to think of the matter .
The Land
THE LAND
Within That Land Was Many A Malcontent, ...
Within that land was many a malcontent , Who curs'd the tyranny to which lie bent ; Tiie soil full many a wringing despot saw , "Who woi'k'd his wantonness in form of law . Byron . "A people among whom equality reigned , would _possess everything they wanted where tliey possessed the means of subsistence . Why should they pursue additionHl wealth or territory ? No man can cultivate more than a certain portion of land . "—Godwin . - - "No one is able to produce a charter from heaven , or has any better title to a particular possession than his neighbour . "—Patty . "There could be no such thing as landed property originally . Man did not make the earth ; and , though he had a natural ri ght to occupy it , he had no right to locate US his property in perpetuity any part of it ; neither did _tlie-Creator of the earth open a land office , from whence the first title deeds should issue . "— Thomas Paine . The land shall not be _scild for ever . —Moses .
" There is no foundation in nature or in natural law why a set of words upon parchment should convev tlie dominion of land . " —Black-stone . " The land or earth , in any country or neighbourhood , with everything in or on tlie same , or pertaining thereto , belongs at all times to the living inhabitants of the said country or neighbourhood in an- equal manner . For there is no living but ou land and its productions ; consequently , what we cannot live without , wc have the same property in as in our lives . "— Thomas Spenee . ¦ "Tlielandistliepeople _' sinheritancc ; aiid kings , princes , peers , nobles , priests , and commoners , who have stolen it from them , hold it upon the title of popular ignorance , rather than upon auy right , human or divine . "—Fearaiis O'Connor . - J
" -My reason teaches me that land cannot be sold . The Great Spirit gave it to his children to live upon , and cultivate , as far as is necessary for their subsistence ' ; and SO long as they occupy and cultivate it , they have the right to the soil—but if they voluntarily leave it , then any other people have a right to settle upon it . Nothing can be sold , but such things as can be carried away . "—Black Hawk . '' Every individual possesses , legitimately , the thing whicli his labour , his intelligence ( or more generally ) , which his activity has created . " This principle is incontcstible _, and itis well to remark that it contains expressly an acknowledgment of the right of all to the _soh . For as the soil has not been created by man , it follows from the fundamental principle of property , that it cannot belong to any small portion of the human race , who have createdit by their activity . Let us then conclude that the true theory of property is founded on the * creation of the thing possessed . ' "—Fourier .
" If man has a right to light , air . and water , wliich no one will attempt to question , he has a right also to the land , which is just as necessary for the maintenance of his subsistence . If every person had an equal share of tlie soU , poverty would be unknown in the world , and crime would disappear with want , " —Mike Walsh . "As the nature and wants of all men are'alike , the wants of all must be equal ; and as human existence is dependent on the same contingencies , it follows that the great field for all exertion , and the raw material of all wealth , the earth , is the common property of all its
inhabitaKts . " —John Francis Bray . " What monopoly inflicts evils of such magnitude as that of land ? It is ihe sole barrier to national prosperity . The people , the only creators of wealth , possess knowledge ; they possess industry ; and if tliey possessed land , they could set all other monopolies at defiance ; they would then he enabled to employ machinery for their own benefit , and the world would _bsliold with delight and astonishment the beneficial effects of this mighty engine , when properly directed . "—Author of the " Reproof of _Bnttus . "
Progress Of Agrarianism In America. A Pr...
PROGRESS OF AGRARIANISM IN AMERICA . A press of other matter has forced us to forego the insertion of several articles under this head which we had prepared ; and has also caused us to keep back certain information we possessed as to the efforts of our American friends to free the public lands in that country from the jobbers and speculators , by making them really national property . As we have a mass of intelligence before us , relative to their recent proceedings in their agitation for the restoration of the land to thc people , wo think wc cannot do better , in recommencing thu scries of articles on this question , than make known the progress which this greatest of questions has made . We have several copies of Young America and tlie Albany Freelioliler before us . We commence our extracts from the first of these papers .
Iiie National Reform Association of New York has continued to hold weekly meetings for the promulgation of its views and objects . It appears that some of the members contemplate emigrating to the public lands at present unoccupied , and there forming free townships , under thc auspices of the Association . Other members contemplate a like proceeding in the Oregon territory . Some of the speakers , we perceive , advocate ihe forming of the Oregon territory into an independent Republic . The state of Old England forms a fruitful theme for the speakers in illustrating their arguments against land-monopoly and its evils . At one of the meetings the following speech was delivered by a " soil of the ocean , " who , it seems , in the course of his wanderings o'er the " deep , deep , sea , " has touched at ( what might be , and what shall be ) our " right little , tight little , Island . " Hear him * . —
Capt . Kempion _, of Frankfort , Maine , said—Mr , President , Ladies , and Gentlemen ; The importance ofthis cause will be sufficient excuse for its humble advocate . Had I sat still , my heart would have heen more than eloquent in its advocacy . I come from tlie north-eastern part of Maine , from a town once owned chiefly by "proprietors , " and a large portion ofwhich had been granted to Gen . Knox for his revolutionary sei vices , It was afterwards sold to individuals . There I first breathed the breath of life . My ancestors bought a settler ' s right ; but in fie language of a previous speaker ( Mr . Manning ) who so feelingly described a visit in search of his father ' s homestead , " where is tlieir right now V In place of ploughing my father ' s field , Ihave been doomed to plough the ocean . Tho measure proposed hy the National Reformers , as to justness , appears self-evident to every rational mind . I cannot
forbear to ask , in the name of Heaven , how the poor are - to enjoy the Tights of "life , liberty , and the pursuit of hap . piness , " if capital and avarice are to be allowed to stretch forth their long arms and monopolise the means from which those blessings flow ? ( Cheers . ) The opponents of jour great measure claim to be great sticklers for morality : * so are we . Do tliey expect morality where there is great inequality ? It cannot be . A sailor to India , for instance , gets 10 dollars a month , and that is above rather than below the estimate ' : 120 dollars for twelve months' subjection to hardship and intolerance ; for although a ship master myself , I must sny that such is the condition of sailors . Now , suppose a sailor has a wife ( and a sailor has as good a right to a wife as another man ) , what must be his situation with a family in the port of New _Yorkl When in port , he can only be home
at night , and be has 120 dollars to provide food , clothing , house rent , and fuel , while it is impossible to get decent houseroom alone for 100 dollars ! His children cannot go to school , because their clothing is not fit for them to appear in ; and if that sailor has a daughter , what must be her situation under such circumstances as she grows up , with no prospect but a factory or one place worse 1 There is no concealing the fact that the oppressed situation of seamen , whether married or compelled by an unjust policy to remain single , is a most fruitful source of crime . ' But the wealthy are opposed to reform , and so we can't have morality ! Wherever there is most equality , there is most morality . At Cape Cod , where each seaman owns a house , in their fishing voyages they work and share alike * , and there is a good state of morals , and the people are happy and contented . If we appeal to history ,
we shall find that as a people suffer their liberties to he encroached upon immorality and crime prevail in proportion . In England , where , of a population of thirteen millions , thirty thousand are allowed to possess all the soil , there are thousands of starving beggars and hundreds with their carriages and six and every luxury . I have been tliere and seen the condition of things , and in many other foreign parts . In that country it is well known , William of Normandy partitioned the plundered soil among 700 of his Barons ; and the state of things produced by the perpetuation of that system of plunder will be produced here , and our children wear the yoke of bondage , unless this Association and its auxiliaries be powerful to prevent it . In this there is no mistake . ( Loud applause . ) AVe are told there must be factories for our surplus labour . But look at the factory at
system in Manchester and Leeds . See the sickly girl her incessant toil , the breezes of heaven never allowed to fan her feverish brow , and salt and potatoes for her scanty meal . Is this the refuge of our surplus labour ? It makes one ' s blood boil to think of it . Go to Rhode Island . There we see how loth men are to part with illgotten power , The time is now to effect a reform , while we have the ballot and can effect it without bloodshed , ( Cheers . ) But if things should go on in the same tram , no change can be effected without a resort to physical force . This is clear enough . ( Applause . ) We find here already , an aristocracy looking down upon the producers of wealth as the " lower classes , " a phrase I abominate 1 Is not a working man as high in statue as a broker in WaU-street ? When the clash of arms was heard , and muscle was required , who , then , sustained the struggle ? I have been astonished at the lukewarmness
with which men will sustain fourteen or fifteen hours daily toil ; but I have come to the conclusion that they are not yet sufficiently enlig htened . Let us arouse the press , and you _might-as well attempt to chain the Atlantic wave as to attempt to stay the progress of this reform . __ ( Applause . ) This is my first appearance in a meeting of this description . 1 met with one of your papers , read every word of it , and was delighted to find so much in accordance with my own sentiments . For one , Ihave uetermine _^ l to do all in my power to advance this cause . ( Xioud cheers . ) Being master of a ' vessel , I cannot be much on shore ; but lam determined to take your pledge and lecture upon it in my native State . ( Great applause . ) Though her mountains are long covered with a snowy mantle , and her springs congealed in ice , yet the warm gush of human affection flows in many a noble heart , whose possessors will put their shoulders to the wheel
Progress Of Agrarianism In America. A Pr...
and deliver the car of freedom from theslough Aristocracy . ( Great applause . ) ¦ . Bravo Captain _Kempioj . !—we wish our gallant British tars won d take a leaf out of your log f there is much need ot it . : fa The Land moyementdn thw countrv has attracted the attention oftlie American Reformers . At one ot the association meetings—Mr . Evans read , from the Northern Star , an account of the proceedings of tho Radicals or National Reformers of England , with a view of reclaiming the right to tho soil of which the people of that nation have been so barbarously plundered . Tlio _Ciiai'tist or National Reform party , he said , had till-recently been ' contending for the right of suffrnge , without looking to a much more important use of that right than to reduce the taxes ; but now that they have discovered that by it tliey might restore a fundamental natural right , he anticipated that we should soon hear of a rapid increase of the Chartist party .
Ml * . _Bovny then said he' h « d purposely avoided speaking of the great measure of the age ; but it had been incidentall y dis . cu . ssed by the reading of the highly interesting proceedings of our brethren across the water . Those proceedings were sure harbingers of brighter days for the toilers o ' f England , and of the world , He sometimes desponded , under the apathy of the people to tlieir true interests ; and when he did so he spoke what he felt , as he should do on all occasions . He would rather die for the truth than live for error . ( Great applause . ) In Young America of June 7 th , we find the following : —
NATIONAL REFORM in _Esiolasd By the recent numbers of this paper , it has been seen that the trades of England , in National Convention assembled , have decided that it is to _iheiaiid they must look for effectual relief . Since the National Convention of the Trades , the Chartists , too , have held a National Convention , and they also have decided that the land is the natural refuge foi * the surplus labour which ia continually depressing tho useful classes . Other bodies have adopted tho same rational view of the case ; and the best means of regaining their right to the soil is fast becoming the absorbing topic of tbe millions of England . That best of all papers , the
London Aorthem Star , the . proprietor of which is himself a practical agriculturist , teems with interesting information on Ibis subject , which cannot for want of room be transferred to our columns . The following petition for a partial restoration of the soil , was adopted , on the 5 th of May , at a large public meeting at the South London Chartist Hall , Bhckfriar ' _s-road , Here follows tlie petition whicli lias already appeared in our columns , iu the same paper of June 2 Sth , there are the following editorial remarks . The strictures on the press apply just as truly to the jour * nals ofthis country as to those ofthe States : —
Fuee Son , Movement in England . —Two things I am in difficulty about . The first is , as te the means of informing the people of this country of what is going on in England towards a recovery of the soil of England by the people ; the second , bow to convince thinking mon that their efforts are to be successful , and that at no distant day . And yet , feeling as sure that this glorious result is approaching , as did Columbus of tlio existence of this continent when he saw the signs of land on thc ocean , I know it is my duty to do what I can to impart the information before me and inspire thc belief I entertain .
In the first place , this sheet is not large enough , were it all devoted to the subject , to give an account ofthe movements ofthe English mechanics and operatives having special reference to the recovery of the soil . In the next place , would it be believed , that a movement of this nature , adopted by two National Conventions representing nearly all tbe working classes in England , and followed by local bodies of trades ; will it be believed that only one paper of general circulation in England records or even notices this greatest movement of modern times , and that not one paper in this country to which the people are accustomed to look for foreign news , even mentions it ! Yet such is the fact .
Oh the arrival of every steamer , our people are entertaincd with all the twaddle and puerilities of the courts ; how Mr . Sueh-a-one , who represents this Republic at a salary of GOOO dollars ( which is not half enough for him ) was presented to the monarch ; what an . "interesting " situation the king-breeders are in ; what is said and done , and what is not said and done , about Oregon , Texas , and California : all this , and much more of a like important kind , is duly recorded and scattered over the country by our faithful press , with all imaginable speed , because tliese are the things that concern the Thirty Thousand who hold the stolen land of England ; hut not a word about the movement oftlie Thirteen Millions to recover the possession of their property 1 This is news with wliich the toiling millions of America ( whose land is fast sliding from under their feet ) have no business , is it % We shall see .
In an early number of this paper , I have said , and have repeated it subsequently , that the people of England only needed to be informed , first , that thereis an abundance of land in England to furnish a much larger population than the present , every soul of them , with the necessaries and comforts of life , and next , that they had a right to the laud equally ( a thing not dreamed of by the mass of tliem ); that they needed only to he informed of this , and united upon it as the people of Ireland are united oii the comparatively trifling question of Repeal , and the right they would have . When I first said this , with a full confidence that thc people would be so informed , and would obtain their right , had I been asked how much progress the cause was likely to make up to this point of time , I should not have said the half of what it actuall y has made . Through the indefinigable and patriotic exertions of one man , Feargus O'Connor , with the best paper in the world ( the Northern Star ) , and a member of Parliament ( Mr . Duncombe ) at his back , the working classes are now organising and perfecting their organisation for a recovery ofthe soil .
I am comp & lledto break off tor want of room ; but next week shall devote a largo portion of this paper to the information wliich so intimately concerns the people ofthis country , but of which our city presses think it necessary to keep them in total ignorance . In accordance with the above promise , we find in tbe next number of Young America , three letters ( copied from this paper ) , addressed by Mr . Feakgus O ' Connor to "the working classes" and "trades " of England . The Editor makes the following commentary on Mr . _iO'OoNsoit ' s letters : —• Tie Land . — -In to-day's paper will be found three letters of the proprietor of the Northern Star , taken , from the three last received numbers of that paper , which will show in part tho progress ofthe free soil movement iu England . I shall hereafter endeavour to give an idea of the -
movements of tbe trades on this momentous subject , ; which , apparently , the " machine presses" of this country have resolved to keep in the dark . The trades throughout England aro forming Land Associations , in accordance with the recommendation of their National Convention , which decided that a location of the surplus labour on the land is better policy than strikes . In consequence of this movement , the Park-holders , beginning to seo ahead , are condescending to play cricket with mechanics and country clowns , and lords are even holding meetings to get up Public Baths for the people 1 But the cricketing and condescension comes too late . These things arc very well in tlieir place , as far as they go ; but thoy arc no substitute for the natural right to an inalienable freehold which the people have found out is theirs during the thirty or forty years' existence which centuries of oppression has left to them I
By perusing Mr . O'Connor s letters our readers will see the policy of the English working men under the difficulties which surround them , and may derive a useful lesson to spur them to action before difficulties here thicken about them to the same extent . In ono respect we are worse off than they . The extent of our country is such that even now the expense of getting to the land not monopolised places it out of the reach of those who are compelled to live from hand to mouth , and the difficulty is fast increasing . The land is gradually receding from all bnt the capitalists . It costs more even now to get from the seaboard to our public lands than to get from Europe to this country J And if the further sale of tliese lands were permitted , our farmers and mechanics must gradually hi come worse off till starvation stares every one of them in the face .
Sir . O'Connor tells the English working men some plain truths respecting their want of union while their enemies are firmly banded together , which may be read with much profit on this side of the water . There they have many other difficulties to contend against ; but here this want of union is almost the only one . The trades of this city , and the useful classes thi oughout the country , have full power to prevent the election of any man who is not pledged to the principle of a free soil , and they cannot much longer remain blind to this fact . Tliere is reason to believe that the republication of our proceedings in England has inspirited our brethren there in their movement , and I have no doubt that the reaction
will be reciprocal . Let it ever be borne in mind that the interests of the landless on both sides of the water are closely connected , and that their opponets are Land Monopolists wherever found . The progress of . A grarian principles in America is evidenced by the meetings held in different parts of the union in favour of the principles of the Reform Association ; by the movement amongst the trades , several of whom have adopted the principles of the Agrarians , or given evidence that the time of adopting those principles cannot be far off ; and lastly , by thc establishment of new papers in support of Agrarianism , or the conversion of old papers to its principles .
Abebnethy's Pile Ointment.—One Of The Gr...
Abebnethy ' s Pile Ointment . —One of the greatest legacies bequeathed to human kind , by the immortal Abernethy , was , no doubt , hiswonderfuldiscovery for the infallible cure of that most loathsome and painful disease—the piles . The proprietor ofthis valuable remedy , though under the treatment of several doctors , suffered intensely for many years with the piles , and occasional bearings-dawn , " yet was nothing better , but rather grew worse , " until he applied to that eminent surgeon Mr . Abernethy , whose prescription completely cured him , and has since proved its powers to heal in thousands of cases of piles , fistula , _*^ * . ' , A _' * _* _ medical profession , always slow and unwilling to acknowledge the virtues of any medicine not prepared . by , themselves , are now unanimous in recommending "The Pile Ointment , " as prepared from the original prescription of that departed wonder ot the age , Mr . Abernethy . Sold in covered pots at 4 s . Gd . by all respectable chemists , and dealers in patent medicines , ingevery market town throughout the united kingdom .
Abebnethy's Pile Ointment.—One Of The Gr...
Struck on the North British Railway . — On Monday morning last , nearly five hundred men in the Cockburnspath district , who have received from 14 s . to . 16 i . per . week , struck for an advance of wages to 20 s . This demand being refused , ' the men proceeded along tbe line towards . Berwick , and compelled every man whom * thoy . met to stop _liis work and join them . Where their commands were not promptly complied with , the mob carried them into effect uy force , and , in consequence , the movement was joined by a great number of men along the line . About 1 , 400 men altogether struck work—an alarming state _ofjthings certainly , ; when wo consider that neither in this town nor . within twentymiles is there any adequate military or civil force . About 400 of the men remained at Ayton , and several hundreds at other places . On
Wednesday morning a number of tho men assembled at the hiring place for shearers , but would uot allow them to be hired except on tlieir terms . The wages ottered by thejfarmera were Is . Sd . per day , but the " navies" Insisted that tliey should receive Js ., or they should not be hired at all . The magistrates , we understand , having taken into consideration the defenceless state of tbe town , and the facility with whicli such a body of men might commit any outrage , have resolved to make an application for a detachment of military to be stationed at Berwick . On Wednesday a few of the men returned to their work on Mr . Dodds ' s contract , and on Thursday niorning the greater number of Mr . Evans ' s men also returned _, 'ihey have not received any advanco of wages . —Berwick Warder .
' Houowat _' s Oi . vt . ueot _AN-n Pills . —Dfeadful swellings in the whole body , accompanied with a loathsome skin disease , and their wonderful cure . —A child , five years of age , named Jones , whose parents live at No . 4 , llorse-shoc-alley , Wilson-street , Finsbury _, London , was , from the age of sixteen months , fearfully swollen _in-body , nnd covered with large sores . His face was frequent ] v quite black like that of a black child ' s , lie had been taken to all the hospitals , and most of the surgeons of eminence , but met withnorelief . He has , however , just been radically cured by thc means of the above invaluable medicines .
Bankrupts;, $Cu
Bankrupts ; , $ cu
Bankrupts. (From Friday's Gazette, Septe...
BANKRUPTS . ( From Friday ' s Gazette , September 5 th , 1845 . _J Samuel Cullum , Bigmcrc _, late of ITavcrill , Suffolk , straw plait manufacturer-Robert Starbuck _, Gravesend , shin . wright-Wilham Menzies , Gloucester , draper-Rowland 1 any . Bangor , Carnarvonshire , Hour-dealer—Joseph Daiton , Joseph Burn and Robert Turpin , _Jfewcastlc-upoii . Tyne , eiirtlienware . matiutacturers -lticliar ( l ] irarcr , Longton , Stoke-upon-Trent , dealer in ale . *
BANKRUPTS . ( From . Tuesday ' s Gazette , Sept . 9 , 184 _SJ Stephen Davies , of Somerset-wharf , _Bankside , Southwark , and ot lime ' s-wharf , Wilton-road , Pimlico , coal _niercIiant-Fredcrick Ward , late of Kosomond . street . Clerkenwell , oilman . —John Savage , of Old Comptonstreet , Soho-square , victualler . —George Cox Plymouth victualler .-Jamcs Ramsden _, sen ., Arniley , Leeds , cloth manufacturer and worsted spinner .
niVlDENDS . _ James Southern , of Birmingham , grocer , second anil final dividend of 5 _id m the pound , payable at 27 . _TVater . loo-street , Birmingham , any Thursday alter October G . lhomas Lakin _. of Nottingham , cabinet-maker , second and fmal dividend of _ljd in the pound , payable at " 7 Waterloo-street , Birmingham , any Thursday after Oc tober C . Nathaniel Neal Solly and Richard Solly , of Tividalo , Staffordshire , ironmasters , second and final dividend of Gil and l-28 th of a penny in the pound , payable at 27 , Waterloo-street , Birmingham , any Thursday after October G . Thomas Izon , of Ilandsworth _, Staffordshire , merchant , final dividend of 0-fiths of a pennv in the pound payable at 27 , Waterloo-street , Birmingham , any Thursday after October 6 .
Thomas Morris and William Woodward , of Burslem _, Staffordshire , drapers , first dividend of 12 s Gtl in the pound , payable at 27 , _Waterloo-strect , Birmingham , any Thursday after October G . % c . ' John Lamb and Thomas Lamb , of _Kidowminstor , engineers , first dividend of 2 s Gd in tho pound / payable at 27 , Waterloo-street , Birmingham , any Thursday after October 0 . . _j- ' ' _^»; . _- j * '" _' > v Edward Robinson , cf Wolverhampton , _•¦& rb . cei \ first dividend of 3 s . in the pound , payable at 27 ; Waterloostreet , Birmingham , any Thursday after October C . Thomas Hall , of Great Ashby , Leicestershire , butcher , first dividend of 4 s 9 d in the pound , payable at 27 , Waterloo-street , Birmingham , any Thursday lifter October G .
DIVIDEND TO BE DECLABED , ¦ Atthe Court of Bankruptcy , London . Barnard Benjamin Owen and Bernard George Owen , of Pall-mall , tailors , October 2 , at half-past twelve—George Nattleton , of Brompton , Kent , tailor , October 2 , at one-Thomas Kcwell Gorbell _, of Bedford-place , Commercialroad , bookseller , October 2 , at twelve—John Stammer , of 17 , Charles-street , Grosvenor-square , brush dealer , October 3 , at half-past eleven—William Hill and William Kemble Wackerhath , of Leadenhall-street , City , ship agents , Oetober . 2 , at _<* i quarter-past two—Richard Blundcn , of Alton , Hampshire , plumber , October 2 , at eleven .
IN THE _COUNTBT . Nathaniel Phillips , of Haverfordwest , banker , October 10 , at eleven , at tha Court of Bankruptcy , Bristol-Thomas Recs , of Liverpool , brewer , October 7 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Liverpool—John Scott , of Birmingham , gun maker , October lo , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Manchester—Conrad Haverkam Grccnhow , of North Shields , ship broker , October 2 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Newcastle-upon-Tyne—Thomas Revely , jun ., of Newcastle-upon-Tyne , plumber , October 2 , at eleven , atthe Court of _Bankruptcy , Newcastle-upon-Tyne—Robert Currie , of Newcastle-upon-Tyne , bookseller , October 2 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Newcastle-upon-Tyne — John Lambert , of New Elvet , grocer , October 2 , at one , at the Court of Bankruptcy , 'Newcastle-upon-Tyne—Thomas Wright , of Newcastle-upon-Tyne , ship broker , October 2 , at two , at tho _^ Court of Bankruptcy , _Nowcastle-upon-lyne— John Stainthorpe , of Hexbain , _Northumberland _^ icommon brewer , October 2 , at two , at the Court of _Ban'K'uptcy , Newcastle-upon-Tyne . . , ¦ - .. Cebtificates to be granted , unless cause be shown to the contrary on the day of meeting .
Henry Wood , of 21 , Abchurcli-lane , and Farnham-street , Gravel-lane , Southwark _; "igeneral agent , October 2 — William Matthews , of 42 , Lissoiiigrove North , _MnrvleboiiG _. pianoforte maker , Octobers—T _^ _toas I _' owcII , of iVIIerton Bywater , and late of Castleford _, _^ 6 rkshii'e , brickmakcr , October 3—Thomas Russell Cra ' _giji , of Newcastle-upon-Tyne , cartwright , October 2—William Richard Carscaden , of York , hosier , September 30—Manning Allen , of St , Helen ' s , Lancashire , butcher , September 30—Henry James Witchell _, of Carnarvon , bookseller , September 30—Joseph Spencer , jun ., of Liverpool , builder , October 1—George Laurie , of _Flectwood-upon-Wyre , Lancashire , chemist , October 1 —John Aldcroft , of Lougsight , Lancashire , victualler , October 2 . Certificates to be granted by tbe Court of Review , unless cause be shown to the contrary , on or before Sept . 30 . Thomas Clarkson , jun ., of 10 A , Charles-street , Middlesex Hospital , upholsterer ' s warehouseman—Joseph Lewis , of Birmingham , card manufacturer—William M'Alpine , of Liverpool , tailor—Frederick Lindsay Cole , of 101 , Fenchurch-street , City , wine merchant—John Cummins , of Weymouth , Dorsetshire , bookseller—John Furnival , of Kettering , Northamptonshire , corndealer .
partnerships dissolved . John Lloyd and Richard Knight Parker , of Lower Homcrton , Il ackuey , builders—James Ilolbeck and John Jenncns , of 21 , Princes-street , Hanover-square , gold lacemen—Richard Figg Hews and George Hews of Storrington , Sussex , tailors—Thomas Martin Uden Tilby and George Robert Clover , of Liverpool , metal merchants—William Walker , _surgeoii , and Henry Walker , chemist , of 08 and SO , St . John-street , Clerkenwell—Mary Hodgson and Anne Jane Hodgson , of Liverpool , boot and Shoemakers— "William Ilaimcs and Thomas Haiuies _, of Melbourne , Derbyshire , lace-glove manufacturers—Charles Faircloth and Abraham Amstrong , of Lad-lane , City ,
accountants—Hugh Kennedy and James Kenned y , of Taunton , drapers—John Webster and Thomas Staley , of Stockport , grocers—Robert Johnstone , Webster Ploekton , and James Williamson Brooke , owners of a patent for the manufacturing of lamps for the combustion of naptha , he —William Wilson Hyde , John Hugall Dutchman , and Charles Johnson , of Hull , auctioneers—Thomas Smith , Charles Jam <* s Coates , and Benjamin Bell , of 11 , Waterlane , Great _Tower-street , City , ship and insurance brokers ( so far as regards Charles James Coates)—David Duukett anil Henry Palmer , of Brighton , lincndwtpGrs—Joseph nendcrson , sen ., and Joseph Henderson , jun ., of Taunton , mercers—Peter Pcarce and William Chater , of HaverhiU , Suffolk , grocers .
Iftarftrt Iwxtwmmt
_iftarftrt IwXtWmmt
Manchester ^ Corn Market, Saturday, Sept...
Manchester _^ Corn Market , Saturday , Sept . CThe weather since our last report , though at times colt and gloomy , has continued of a favourable character for securing the harvest , which wo hear on all bauds is now making rapid progress . The trade during the woek lias consequently remained in the same inanimate state as previously noted , and the general tendency of prices was towards a further decline . At our market this morning the transactions in wheat were on an exceedingly limited scale . Irish might have been purchased at an abatement of 2 d . to 3 d . per "iOfts ., and other sorts barely supported the currency of this day se ' nnight . Flour likewise moved off very slowly , the few sales effected being at a reduction of Is . per sack . Oats receded in value Id . to 2 d . per 451 bs ., and oatmeal Is . per load , with but little demand for either article . New oatmeal brought 29 s . to 29 s . 6 d . per 2401 bg .
Leeds Oobn Market , Tuesday , September 9 . — With moderate arrivals to-day the trade is firm for wheat , but the demand still continues exceedingly limited , from the difficulty the millers experience in moving their stocks of flour . The supply of oats is small , and they are held for higher prices . Beans and peas are also scarce and fully as dear . In the value of barley or other articles no alteration . The weather continues as fine as could be wished . Leeds Cloth Markets . —The trade in the cloth markets since the late change in the weather , continues in a prosperous state , business being good both at the Cloth Halls and the warehouses-manufacturers are well employed .
York Corn Market , Sep * . 6 . —The weather being remarkably fine for harvest operations , and our farmers being all engaged , we have but a very few samples of grain offering . We experience a very firm trade for wheat at a decline of Is . to 2 s . per quarter ; other articles without any material alteration . •¦'• " '' "" " 7 Richmond Corn Markbt , Sept . 6 . —The weather has been very favourable this week , and our market to-day has been tolerably supplied with grain . Wheat sold from 7 s . to 8 s . Oats 3 s . to 4 s . Barley 4 s . to 4 s . 3 d . Beans 5 s . to 5 s . 6 d . per bushel .
Manchester ^ Corn Market, Saturday, Sept...
Liverpool Cork . Market , Monday , _Sei-tembghSj . —We have tliis week a fair arrival of oats , _llniir . and oatmeal from Ireland , but of wheat it is very small . The chief import from abroad is of Canadian flour , ofwhich we have had 14 , S 54 barrels . The duty , on foreign . wheat has declined to 17 s . per quarter , and on flour to 10 s . 2 | d . per barrel * that on beans hag fallen to Is . Cd . per quarter . With exceedingly fine weather the whole of the past week , a _considerate portioii of thc grain in this district lias been cut _. aiia some quantitv carried , in better order and condition than was anticipated . The reports from the southern counties , however , speak less favourable of the
yield and quality of the new wheat , and though we liave had no particular animation in our market , tlio trade has assumed a decidedly better tone . Several parcels of Irish wheat and Canadian flour have been taken for investment during the week ; at fully Tuesday ' sprices . No transactions have occurred in bonded . Tiie demand for oats and oatmeal has boon circumscribed , and prices have adownwavdtendency . The decline of duty on foreign beans to with in Cd . per qr . of the lowest point , has thrown some quantitv of Egyptian on the free market , and they arc offered at 33 s . to 33 s . Od . per ISOlbs . Peas , barley , and Indian com havo had a moderately fair sale for feeding purposes , and are without alteration in value .
Liverpool Cattle Market , Mosdat , September 8 . —The supply of cattle at market to-day has been rather smaller than last week . The greatest portion of second-rate quality—any thing good eagerly sought ; iifter , and sold at high prices . Beef 5-kI . to _& .., mutton ( id . to 7 d ., _iambCid . to Yd . per lb . Cattle imported into Liverpool from the 1 st to the Sth of September-. —cows , 3000 ; calves , 27 ; sheep , 1 D _. 32 S ; lambs , 3037 ; pigs , 4509 ; horses , 3 G . Malton Cons Market , _Sei-t . C . —We have very thin attendance at market to-day , aud only a little grain offering' of any description ; wheat was sold rather below last week ' s rates ; in oats we make no alteration ; barley nominal . Wheat , red , 52 s to 5 Ss ; white ditto , 5 Gs to Gls per quarter of forty stones ; oats , 10 _* d to lljd per stone .
Londok Corn _Lxckanoe , Mokday , _SEfT . 8 . —• Throughout the whole of last week there were vcgulas supplies of nearly all sorts of grain , consisting , however , principally of English and Foreign , with' but iittle of either Scotch or Irish . Altogether the supply of Foreign wheat was large , about a fourth of which was from Dantzic , and 11 , 000 quarters from Stettin . With flour the market continues to bo . but moderately supplied , home manufacture constituting the sole arrival . On the several market days a fair amount of business was transacted , wheat realising fully Monday ' s quotations , and other grain also making linn rates . Advices from all parts continue tospeak of the favourable progression of the harvest , and the weather having been uninterruptedly fine enabled the farmers to use all practicable diligence for securing their crops . At present no fair estimate can be formed of _widely are the favoured districts , but that the wheat docs _' como down vcrv various in
its quality , as also in heaviness , is now an ascertained fact , and which nnisttend , although perhaps at a distant period , to exercise an influence over quotations . The crops of barley and oats , particularly the former , are generally throughout tlic country abundant , and prices must rule low for these grains during the greater part of tho coming year . Beans arc not well spoken of , and peas of all sorts are but a small and unsatisfactory yield . This morning there was ii fair supply of wheat fresh up from Essex and Suffolk , but not-much from Ivent , and prices liave ranged firm at thc rates ofthis day week , and in sonic instances a trifling advance has been obtained . Barley commands a steady sale for immediate wants , at . steady rates . The oat trade is fully as good for aU sorts , and there has been a fair country demand _, lleans and pens the samo us last week . There was a . fail' arrival of mustard , but not much other seeds at market , which was taken oft' at the prices of this day week—quality various .
¦ .: CURRENT PRICES OP GRAIN , PER IMPERIAL 7 ,. QUAHTEK . —British . SB 8 _yiTieat , Essex , & Kent , new h old red 4 ( 1 5 U White 50 CO — - — _lVoi'f ' ulk and Lincoln . ... do 40 55 Ditto o (> fi 8 — Korthum . and Scotch white 40 56 Tine 50 5 T - ——Irish red old 0 0 Red 4 b 01 White 52 56 Rye Old - . 2 U 32 New 29 30 Brank 3 i 38 Barley Grinding . . 20 27 Distil . 28 30 Jlalt . 31 32 Malt .: . Brown ... . 52 54 Pale 55 59 Ware BO 62 Beans * _Ticksoldibnow 37 38 Harrow 38 40 Pigeon II 42 1 _' eas Grey 35 38 Maple 37 38 White 3 S 40 Oats Lincoliis h Yorkshire Peed 22 24 Poland 24 26 Scotch AngUB 23 25 Potato 20 28 Irish ... _j White 20 23 Black 20 23 Per 2801 b . net . s s I Per 280 lb . net . J 8 a Town-made Flour ... 51 53 j Norfolk & Stockton $ 6 36 Essex and Kent .... 38 42 I Irish 37 39
Free . Bond * Foreign , s s ¦ s s Wheat , Dnntsic , Konigsburg , ho ,,,,,, 59 03 ti 40 _-: Marks , Mecklenburg 50 58 32 36 Danish , Holstein , and Friesland red 4 S 52 28 SI Russian , Hard 48 52 Soft . . . 4 S 52 28 30 Italian , Red . . 50 52 White . . . 54 5 « 8 * 1 29 _Spanish , Hard . 50 52 Soft 52 52 34 35 Rye , Baltic , Dried , ... 28 30 Undried . . 25 30 22 34 Barley , Grinding . 24 20 Malting . . 28 SO 13 2 * Beans , Ticks .. 34 30 Egyptian . 34 So 28 24 Peas , White . . 37 39 Maple . . 36 37 28 33 Oats , Dutch , Brew and Thick 23 25 20 30 Russian feed 20 22 14 22 Danish , Friesland feed 20 22 14 16 Flour , per barrel ,,....,. 28 80 ' 21 2 T
AVERAGE PRICES Of the last six weeks , which regulate the Duties from the 4 th to thc 10 th of September .
. Wheal Barley Oats _.. Rye . Beans Peas . ... . t s . d . s . d . s . d . i s . d . s . d . s . < 3 , Week ending I | July 26 , 1815 .. 51 7 20 2 22 5131 7140 3 38 Iff Week endingl I I ! Aug . 2 , 1845 .. 53 8 29 8 22 5 34 C 40 5 41 O Week euding | Aug . 9 , 1845 .. 55 3 29 7 22 8 j 33 lo 41 0 89 O Week ending Aug . 1 ( 5 , 1843 .. 57 0 29 4 22 2 34 4 41 2 39 T Week ending I Aug . 03 , 1815 .. 57 0 29 0 22 8 33 4 41 8 38 11 Week ending I Aug . 30 , 1815 .. 56 C 30 0 22 ; 4 35 7 42 1 38 4
Aggregate aver . ¦ :. ' _-, „ age of the lasj "* * _4 six weeks .. 55 I 29 7 22 6 3310 41 1 39 3 London averages ( ending Aug . 2 ( i , 1840 ) 60 0 30 u 22 G 34 9 41 11 40 3 Duties .. .. 17 0 9 0 6 0 9 C 1 0 3 C
Imports from August 31 to September 7 , inclusivb . ENGLISH SCOTCH . 1 UIS 1 I . FOREIGN TOTAIj . Wheat .. .. 11 , 647 50 0 3 , 801 15 , 558 Barlev .. .. 70 0 1 , 025 1 , 350 3 , 051 Oats .. .. _H 0 20 , 031 ll _. Uol 31 , 973 Ryo .... 0 0 0 0 O Beans .. .. 304 0 0 0 3 ni Peas .. .. 358 0 0 58 410 Malt .. .. 5 , 349 0 ' It ) 0 3 , 553 Tares .... 0 0 0 0 O Linseed .. 0 0 50 1 , 855 1 , 305 _Ilapeseed 20 0 0 27 47 Flouv , sacks 5 , 540 0 100 0 5 _. Ditto brls . .. 0 0 0 0 O
London _Smitopiblb _Caitia-. Market , _MoJi » . » * T , Sept . S . —The imports of Continental cattle during last week have been heavy , particularly of sheep , of which the number , according to one oi the ollicial returns , exceeds 1 , 000 head . The returns m full are respectively—14 G head of oxen , Ti cows , G 31 sheep , 11 lambs , 39 calves , and two goats ; and 317 head oi oxen and cows , 1 , 107 sheep , 41 calves , and two goats . Tlic following statement of the imports ot _1-oreiga cattle for tho present year , as made up and corrected to last Saturday week , is taken from an ofhoiai
source : — Oxen Sheep and aud Cows , _Lamlis _. Loudon - - from Jan . 1 to Aug . 30 , 1845 5 , 014 2 , 814 Liverpool - from Jan . 1 to Aug . 30 , 1845 10 2 Hnll - - - from Jan . 1 to Aug . 30 , 1845 2 , 982 450 Soutlmamton from Jan . 1 to Aug . 30 , 1 S 45 23 — The tone of trade at Smithfield this niorning was much the same as that of last Monday . Business , without being particularly dull , was not what it latterly has been , and prices , though in most cases higher than at corresponding periods for several years past , not so high as they have been . The stock oi sheep is now , of course , greatly increased hy the lambs of this year ; and , consequently , less scarcity is telt lor a continued supply of mutton . This may be assigned as one reason of the decline in the rates fov sheep . The number of sheep and lambs in the market
today , though not by about 1 , 000 equal to last Monday s return , was still larger than the average supply lor some months . Of beasts there was also a plentiful number in the market , and of calves and pigs about an average number . The beef trade was , il anything , a shade lower than on this day se'nnight , as the best Scots made but is . per stone , wliich is 2 d . lower on that day . For middling and inferior qualities , however , no change occurred . The supply comprised 3 , 400 head of about an average condition , lhe number of sheep returned as toll paid was -27 , 480 ; the sale of which was much the same as last week J . nccs remained unaltered at the decline which took placo on last Mondav , and a clearance was not eflectcd _. Prime Downs made 4 s . 10 d ., and polled ewes 3 s . Sd ., which are the highest and lowest prices of the day . Yeal sold steadily at from 4 s . to 5 s . The better aua _» lity of lamb and pork made 2 d . per stone more than last Monday , but otherwise prices werejunaltercd .
By the quantities of 81 b ., sinking the offal . b . d . s . d . Inferior coarse beasts > _. 8 6 _^ 2 Second quality ¦ . _' ¦ • • _3 _? i n Prime large oxen . . . 3 6 * Prime Scots , & c . . . . . S 10 * £ Coarse inferior sheep • • « ; 42 Second quality . . . » ° 46 Prime coarse woolled ' . . 1 q 5 0 Prime Southdown . * 4 4 5 6 Lambs . . . . • a < a 4 2 Large coarse calves . . • T ¦¦ '¦? - -:- _4 s Prime small . -. . ¦• . • . _;¦¦>»' - y <* n Suckling ealves , each . . « » B _" " Large hogs . " ,.. _" . . . . .., _« , | . _,-L .. » | Neat small porkers 7- . • 1 i' * _S 7 oft 1 Quarter-old _storepigs , each : . . 10 _«' : _M » HEAD OF CATIH 5 ON SAlX . ( From the BdokB of the ( _Jlerk ofthe Market . ) Bw . sts , 3 , 271-Sheep and Lambs , 83 , 700—Calves , 140-;¦ •' ___ : _iShsa , 41 Sh \ -
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 13, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns4_13091845/page/7/
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