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/ THE NORTHERN STAR. Jzw.mm SO. m.4 ¦ -....
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COLOSSEUM
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mii JSOKIHEliN STAB SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER, 20, 1345.
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THE SEW SCOTCH POOR LAW. Ix a former art...
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The climax of all scorn, should hang on ...
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Co £eaJjers Sc Com^po^ents *
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Tnn Cojimpnications or W. J., Belfast ; ...
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RECEIPTS OF TnE CHARTIST CO-OPEitATIYJS ...
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Irish " Conciliation*" !—Thc public has long been
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disgusted with tho intolerance, bigotry,...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
/ The Northern Star. Jzw.Mm So. M.4 ¦ -....
/ THE NORTHERN STAR . _Jzw . mm SO . m . 4 ¦ -. _"' - — _... - --.. ¦¦ ———— " - I L I ... » I . II ¦ . H J ° ~ ' - ' ———— _ .
Colosseum
COLOSSEUM
Ad00413
P 1 TKONISEI ) and risited by her Most Gracious MAJESTY aud hi- * Bojal Highness _Prinw MEET . OPEN DAILY from Ten ull Six . __ J _£° - _ounced DT the _Fre « , « _" _<» confirmed hy _everyjnwtar _^ L th / _m ost perfect triumph of Art in its various _«™ che _* Zth by l ) av and _Kijcht , ihat has ever been SS _Egual t „ 8 ix _exhibitions . _. The Glyptotheca , _Staining _nlrks of the first artists ; Mont Blanc _« _nd Mountain Torrents , Superb Conservatories , Gothic XriarT , Classic Ruins and Fountains , Panorama of _iotxdon , re-painted bj JMr . _Pairls , « fcc . _Admittance & . Children , half-price . Tlie Stalactite Caverns , the _jjpost magnificent of all the temples which nature has fciiltfor herself in the regions of night , Is . extra .
Ad00414
AMERICAN EMIGRATION OFFICE , 05 , Waterloo-road , Liverpool . THE Subscribers _continua io despatch first-class Packets to NEW YORK , BOSTON . QUEBEC , MONTREAL , PHILADELPHIA , NEW ORLEANS , and ST . JOHN ' S , N . B . They are also Agents for the New Line of New York Packets , comprising the Mowing magnificent ships : — Tons . To Sail . _KoTTixGura 1150 Gth September . Livesfool 1130 Gth October . "Who have also , For 5 eor York . St . Patrick 1150 tons , — ,, Republic 1100 „
Ad00415
ilARE ON SPINAL DISEASE . THIS day is published , price 2 s . 6 d ., CASES and OBSERVATIONS illustrative of the beneficial results which may be obtained b y close attention and perseverance in some of the most chronic and uupromising instances of spinal deformity ; wi : h eighteen engravings ou wood . By _Samcei . Haee , 3 I . U . C . S . London : John Churchill , Princes-street ; and may be had of all booksellers .
Ad00416
_EXTRAOEDISAET ECONOMY TO TEA DRINKERS . THE _JVE 3 IEE OF _ESGLASJB . _—ThePIQCAPLA _^ T , now sold at Ss . Cd . per lb ., is three tim _^ s tho strength < jf tea , and is al « o equal in flavour , moro delicate in taste , _nfiuitcly more healthy , as is proved by physicians and chemists of high standing , also by persons in great numbers with the most delicate lungs and stomachs . It is most pleasant and invigorating , aud is recommended to the debilitated for its invalnnhle qualities , to advanced age for its strengthening properties , and to the puhV . e generally ior its moderate price aud intrinsic excellence . The Test . —The proof of the efficacy and healthful effect of tiie plant in preference to tea or coffee : —let a nervous or dyspeptic patient tise two or three cups oi Strong tea upon retiring to rest , and ihe effect will be night-ware , disturbed sircp , aud other violent symptoms of indigestions , he
Ad00417
GENUINE TEAS AND COFFEES FOR THE MILLION . _5 he cheapest place in _Lon-lou for Teas and Coffees is at ihe VVr . Tel-. eusc , -24 ar . < _125 , _Uvjient Street , Westminster , near the Vauxh . - . U Dridge Itoad . THE Proprietor , E . _WAHMIXGTOX , takes- this opportunity to return thanks for the liberal supporthe has received since lie opened tlic above premises ; and to tliose who harp not yet favoured hiu _: with _theirpac-onage , JE . \ V . most _strongly solicits a trial , feelhig assured ihat thc articles sold at the _warelionse , both in price aud quality , will give universal satisfaction . Goods in any quantity sent f ree to all parts of London and the suburbs ; and persons in the country , by remitting 3 Post-office order , will find their _instiiielicns _faithfullv _fttlenJed to .
Ad00418
RICHARDSON , MANUFACTURING CUTLER , ESTABLISHED 1805 , Near the Church , Kensington . GARDENJ 3 KS' Pruning , Grafting / and Budding Knives in Sheath , Is . Gd . each ; shut ditto , 3 s . each . "These knives are made of the best materials ; I alrays use them . "—Vide the late Wm . Cobbett in his Engish Gardener . Itakes , Hoes , and Gardening Tools of every deseripfon . Best made Razors , Black Handles , 6 s . the case , or 3 s .
Ad00419
NOTICE TO EMIGRANTS . nrfilE Undersigned continue to engage Passengers for I First-Class Fast-Sailing _AMEHICAN PACKET SHU'S , which average from 1000 to 1500 Tons , for the fol-; owin * r Ports , viz . : — NEW TORK , 1 BOSTON , PHILADELPHIA , NEW ORLEANS , BALTIMORE , | BRITISH AMERICA , & c . _Emigrants in the country ca . ' engage passage by letter addressed as underneath ; in wh . _eh wise they need not be -a Liverpool until the day before the Ship is to sail ; and tkoy will thereby avoid detention and other expenses , besides securing a « hea } ier passage , and having the ; best norths allotted " to them previous to their arrival . ' For _further particulars apply , post-paid , to JAMES BSCKETT & SON . North End Prince ' s Dock , Liverpool .
Ad00420
COALS . PRO-TIDE FOR _THNTER . PROTIDENT FAMILIES , subscribing Is . per week to the Metropolitan Coal Company ' . ; Shilling Club , call obtain four half tons annually , without further charge , fines , he . The Company ' s price current is , Best Screened Wallsend , 9-5 _s . per full ton ; Seconds , 21 s . 22 s ., and 23 s ; ColiP , 17 s . Cd . Office . 270 , High Holborn .
Ad00421
EMIGRATION TO THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE . 17-ItEE PASSAGE ; nnder the sanction of Government . _JP The undersigned are authorised by her Majesty ' s Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners to grant a free passage to thc above eminently healthy and prosperous Colony to married Agricultural Labourers , Shepherds , Male and Female Domestic and Farm Servants , Bricklayers , Carpenters , Masons , and Smiths , of sober and industrious character . The demand for labour at the Cape is urgent , and is well remunerated in wages , provisions , clothing , and lodging . All particulars will be furnished on application , personally , or by letter , to John Marshall and Co ., 26 , Birchin-lane , Coruhill , London ; or 7 !) , High-street , Southampton .
Ad00422
TnE QUEEN ! TRIUMPH FOR TnE PICTORIAL TIMES ! rpHE FULL LENGTH 1 PORTRAIT of Her Majesty QUEEN VICTORIA in her Robes of State ( size 20 in . by 15 ) , exquisitely engraved , and equal to prints Sold at Five Guineas , will be issued on SATURDAY , SEPT . 20 th . The PicToniAL Times of that day will also contain an original History of the Illustrious House of Brunswick , with Illustrations ofthe principal events of the present reign ,
Ad00423
JUST PUBLISHED ,. In one volume , foolscap 8 vo ., neat cloth , price 7 s . Gd ., THK PURGATORY OF SUICIDES : A Prison Rhyme : in Ten Boohs ; BY THOMAS COOPER THE CHARTIST . J . How , Publisher , 132 , Fleet-street . f _^* Orders from tiie Country to be sent through the Booksellers .
Ad00424
EVERY MAN MAY HAVE A HOUSE OF HIS OWN : Second Stcbonhcalh Provident Investment Association . _HPO ADVANCE MOSEY to MEMBERS to BUILD or JL _PDltCHASE PHOPERTY upon the _S-.-eurity of tl _: e Properly _Pard'ased . tho rent of whieh will aid in re-paying the amount advuiiced .
Ad00425
. llOl ' AL ADELAIDE GALLERY . NOVEL ENTERTAINMENT . ATMOSPHERIC Railway _dRilv . » _-i . * n explanatory lecture . Thc _N- , _- , 7 _fiSalund Chief . Puhe a _lUnge , wiil give a . _cnargc of leeturte ou the Manners and Cus . t _« tiiS of New Zealand , on the evenings of Monday , _Wednesday , and Friday next . Mr . Huss-11 continues to delirer hisnniquxiied lectures on Character , on Tuesday , _Thurnday , and . Saturday evenings Lectures on Science , io .. daily , _iisehidii-g Major _Beuiowsld ' s Artificial Memory , llcai ' s Rotatory Steam Engine , _Kollman ' s Locomotive Engine for ascending inclines on Railways . Every evening a Grand Promenade Concert , supported by firstrr . te tHlc . nt _, both vocal and instrumen tal .
Mii Jsokihelin Stab Saturday, September, 20, 1345.
mii _JSOKIHEliN STAB SATURDAY , SEPTEMBER , 20 , 1345 .
The Sew Scotch Poor Law. Ix A Former Art...
THE SEW SCOTCH POOR LAW . Ix a former article wc explained and commented on the machinery for working the new amended _Scotch Poor Law : we purpose now to offer somo further ivj . nr .-r !;** on a few of the most important clauses of that law . We have before stated tliat the parochial boards lor thc administering of the new law are to be constituted in the first instance of the Kirk Session in
eaeh parish ; and no change can take place , except the said board shall resolve to raise thc relief funds by assessment : iu which case , the board is to thenceforth consist of a certain number of persons elected by the rate-payers , together with four persons appointed by thc magistrates , and four more by thc Kirk Session . What we now wish to call attention to is , the clause ( 19 ) which provides for the mode of electing those members of the board to be appointed bv tiie rate-pavers .
Iu that clause it is provided that in burghal parishes every person assessed for thc support of the poor , shall he allowed to give one or more votes for the elected members of the board , according to the following scale : —The owners of lauds and heritages * uuder the aunual value of twenty pounds , one vote ; above twenty , but under forty pounds , two votes ; forty , but under sixty pounds , three votes ; sixty , but under one hundred pounds , four votes ; one hundred pounds , but under live hundred pounds , five votes , _* and five hundred _pounds and upwards , six votes ! All pc- ? 0 Ksass _> e 5 s _* . ' d _«** the o _.-eiif _.-iHi is of hinds and heritages , ur _nsstssH _' _-l nn lHca-. _i _* . ii . d .-iubst : iuce , to have each the -ame number of v .- _-e *> aa an owner of lauds and heri-* "'' Lands and bcrit . _ures' shall extend to and include nil lands , lisiiin-r . s , fresh-waters , femes , quays , wharfs , il _. > cks , canals , radways , mines , minerals , quarries , coal-¦ _rjrk s , _lime-woriK . _iviek-w-. _ria . iivm-wurk * ., gas-works , ' :. ;•; _-. r : es . : i :: l ! iiri ,- .... ' ii ; !' : iriii _< e > tab ; isliments , hi-uses , -:. -i _:- _.: _* , shops , _v-irs . i . jHses . mil ' s , cellars , stall .-: , - ' . . v . - « , . _'jardeus , yards , aud all buildings and pertinents ' , i
The Sew Scotch Poor Law. Ix A Former Art...
tages assessed to the same amount for the support o ' the poor would have . No person can vote who has not paid all rates and assessments duo at the time of voting . Here is made plain as the sun at noon-day the grand principle of all our present legislation—the " conservation" ofthe power of the rich , and the continued subjugation of the poor ! The " plurality of votes" for the wealthy is one of the most insulting schemes of despotism ever devised . A hypocritical pretence is made of allowing the
rattpayers a voice in the management ot their own affairs : but the pretence is all . If government by . representation—parochial as well as national—is to be really what it is pretended to be , —the reflex of the popular will and the elected of the _majority , —it is essential that the represented should each have one vote , and no more : otherwise , the few with their "six votes each / * may outvote tub many who have but " one vote each . " The undisguised rule of the rich—allowing the poor no voice , no vote—would be infinitely preferable to this juggling fraud .
Of course the tools ot the rich will tell 113 that the rich man , contributing more to the poor ' s fund than the poor man , has a right to have sii votes to the poor man ' s one . This we deny . The shilling paid by the poor man is to him of far more importance than the pound can be to the rich man . On pecuniary grounds the poor man sacrifices moke than does the rich ; and therefore lias rights at least equally sacred . But we disdain to argue the question on pecuniary grounds . "Man is man ; and who is more ? " 'Tis on that ground we demand for the poor rate-payer equality of power with his richer fellow-creature .
The rich may think themselves lucky that they are not compelled , of themselves , to wholly support the impotent and destitute . If anything like justice guided the acts of our legislators , the rich would bo made to do this . It is from " the superfluous wealth " ofthe rich that thc destitute ought to be wholly provided for , without taxing the poor at all . Further , so long as social inequality is permitted to continue , to make that inequality at nil bearable , the poor should be freed from all taxes , national or local : and tlie rich should be compelled to pay all , and _contribute
too progressively , _according to the extent of their incomes _. Were this the case there would be fewer aristocrats , milloerats , bishops , and similar cattle dying worth their hundreds of thousands , and even millions of money : but there would also be fewer who would die destitute : probably none who would die in workhouses or by suicide : and although even then absolute justice wouldnot reign , —for did justice reign _, tliere would be neither rich nor poor , —still there would be less of misery ; and society would not be the torturing hell the rich by their plunder and legislation make it at the present time .
To retnrn to the new law . We should add that the qualification ( by the ownership or occupancy of lands or heritages ) of an elected member of the Parochial Board is to be fixed by the Board of Supervision ; tobe fixed in no case "? . t a higher annual value than fifty pounds . " When wo consider the aristocratic constitution of the Board of Supervision , we may be sure that the qualification will n * vcr be fixed much under fifty pounds . So that no poor man can be elected to the Parochial Board . Property , as ever , rules poverty .
_Assessments may ba imposed as follows : —the Parochial Board may resolve that one-half of the assessment shall be imposed npon the owners , and the other half upon the tenants or occupants of all lands and heritages ; or , that one-half shall be imposed upon the owners of all lands and heritages , and th 6 other half upon the whole inhabitants according to their mcan 3 and substance other than lands and heritages in Great Britain or Ireland ; or that the assessment shall be imposed as an equal per-centage upon tlio annual value of all lands and heritages within tho parish , and upon the estimated annual income of tli 8 whole inhabitants from means and sub " stance , other than lands and heritages situated in Great Britain and Ireland . ( See clause 34 . )
Whichever mode of assessment is chosen , it must be submitted to the Board of Supervision for the approval of that board . No person is to be liable to be assessed in any parish or combination of parishes on his means and substance , unless tho estimated annual value thereof in the whole shall exceed thirty pounds . ( See clause 48 . ) The whole of tho clauses relating to assessments should be well considered . Where the inhabitants of any parish are already subjected to assessments for the support of the poor by authority of any local act or established usage , it is provided by the new law that the assessment may be continued to be levied in accordance with such local act or" usage , if the Parochial Board so resolves , and the Board of Supervision approves .
In _parisheri containing more than five thousand inhabitants , poor-houses may bd erected , if approved of by the Board of Supervision . _Pitrishes may unite together for that purpose . The rules _aflil regulations for the government of poor-houses arc to be / rained by the Parochial Board , but mast be approved of by lhe Board of Supervision . —( See clauses CO , 61 , 62 , CO , _C-4 , Go , 66 . ) By clause 69 it is provided that tho Parochial
Board sliall provide medicines , medical attendance nutritious diet , cordials , and clothing for the poor , "in such manner and to such extent as may seem equitable and expedient : and it shall be lawful for the Parochial Board to make provision for the education of poor children who are themselves , or whose parents are ob j ects of parochial relief . " It will be Z . principal duty of tlio _Ihiiabitanir _•¦• .- --I ? - P avish to sec that this clausa is fully and properly executed ,
By clause 70 , destitute persons are to be relieved , although having no settlement in the parish to which they apply ; sueh relief to . be continued by the parish applied to , until such time as tho applicant is removed to his own parish . To gain a settlement in any parish , a person must have resided five years continuously in tho parish ; maintained himself during that time without having had recourse to common begging , and without having received or applied for parochial relief . Persons who , previous to the passing of this Act , have acquired a settlement by virtue of a residence of three years , are not to be affected by the alteration made by the new law .
In a former article we commented on the alteration forthe worse made in the old laws by tho new act relative to tho right of the poor to appeal to the Court of Session , when refused relief , or when tlic relief allowed was inadequate to thc wants of the applicant . Clauses 73 , 74 , and 15 treat of this portion ofthe law . The meaning of those clauses is briefly as follows ;—A person making application for relief , if refused by the Parochial Board , may apply to the Sheriff oftlie county ; and the Sheriff , if ho is of opinion that the applicant is "legally" entitled to relief , may make an order for his relief on thc
Inspector of tho parish to which the applicant has applied . The Inspector must then furnish the Sheriff with a written statement , showing w / w the applicant was refused relief . This statement must be answered ; and tho Sheriff may appoint an agent to appearand answer on behalf of the applicant _. If necessary the Sheriff shall take further proceedings , —set forth in the act , —to prepare the matter for final adjudication . The Sheriff can command "interim relief" to be given to the applicant ; but cannot decide as to the amount of the relief . Where the relief granted is considered inadequate by the receiver , the aggrieved person
must lodge his complaint with the Board of Supervision . If that board considers the complaint wellgrounded , and if the grievance is not forthwith remedied by the parochial board , the Board of Supervision may furnish the aggrieved person with a certificate " authorising" him to bring his action against thc parish , and entitling him to the benefit ofthe poor ' s roll in the Court of Session . Further after such action has commenced , the Board o ] Supervision may award to the poor person " such interim aliment as to the said board shall seem just during the dependency of such action ; " whicli award the parochial board must obey . No court of Im can entertain my aetivn uniks the Board of
The Sew Scotch Poor Law. Ix A Former Art...
Super vision shall have previously certified tliat there u a just cause for the some . Clause 6 8 enacts , " that from and after the passing of this Act , all assessments imposed and levied for the relief of the poor , shall extend and be applicable to the relief of . occasional as well as permanent poor : provided always , that nothing jibrkis _CONTAINS SnALh BB HEW » CONFER A RIGHT TO DEMAND BELIEF ON ABLE-BODIED PERSONS OUT OF _KMW . OTM ENT . " This legal abrogation of the natural and imprescriptible right of the poor to a subsistence when without employment , is as cool a piece of
rascality as even a " Scotch lawyer" could possibly propose , or a Graham sanction ! It would havo been amusing , if it had not been disgusting , to hear the shameless plunderers , such as Dundas and Co .. vaunting "the superiority of the Scotch system of relieving the poor , " on the ground that denying all relief to the able-bodied , and g iving to the aged and the impotent the smallest possible means of keeping body and soul together , was the sure mode of preserving "independence" amongst thc working classes ! and
perpetuating tho charitable and hospitable spirit for which they were famed ! Sir Jamus _Gkaiiam " did not think it prudent to say that tho able-bodied poor should be entitled to relief . " Mr . Colquhoun , one of the psalm-singing ultra-religious gentry , considered "that in Scotland nothing could be more unwise than to introduce a system of relief for ablebodied men . He feared it might increase vice . " Mv . Dundas , however , exceeded all the rest of tho " fcelosofical" party , by his bold avowal that" the smallness of relief given under tho old laws
corstituted the beauty of the system . The poor was xxoi felt as a burden on anybody . " " The Scotch system was built on the supposition of one man relieving another ; and it was the credit , and honour , and highest glory OF THE POOR that they did relievo one another . " Mighty fine this ! but would it not be much better , if , instead of the poor keeping the poor , the rich were made to . do that work ? How _disgusting is the hypocrisy ofthis Dundas , prating of the " spirit of independence" which sets the Scottish working-man above receiving relief . The more fool the Scottish working man , if he be such an ass .
This fe'low , Dundas , spouted too tho praises of " porridge . " Be had never anything for breakfast but porridge , till he came to England . He never saw anything but porridge , till he can * here . " If porridge is so good , and such an excellent preserver of the " spirit of independence , " why the devil did he ( as does all his countrymen ) leave Ms spoon behind him ? Why does he not " sup his por . ridge" still ? , 1 s it that he finds it sweeter to give up his poiridgo and his "independence , " and , as a
party hack , exhibit his appetite for the "loaves and fishes" of expectant placo ? One thing is certain , he no longer loves porridge and " independence " h mself , though he admires it in his countrymen who cannot get to England : but if his countrymen aro not fools , tliey too will try and get something better than porridge , and grow ashamed of that degrading "independence" which leaves their poor to suffer vile and abject misery for the benefit of thc plundering , hypocritical , heartless rich .
We assert that the right of tlie able-bodied poor man , wanting employment , or if employment does not afford him adequate subsistence ; we assert that his right to relief is as sacred and undeniable as that of tho helpless infant , thetbed-ridden , the aged , the mutilated , or othcrwiso impotent . What . _^ difference is thero in the actual present condition of a miner deprived of employment by a glut in the coal market , and the condition of his brother-miner , rendered unable to work by having suffered from an explosion of fire-damp ? In tlieir future condition there may be a great difference ; because thc one may never be
able to work again , whilst the other is able to work if employment offers : but for the time being the one is as helpless as the other ; and tlio one's right to subsistence from the public fund is as good as the other's . So with the husbandman , the artizan , the mechanic , the factory-worker , the sailor , and al * others ofthe classes dependent on labour and wages for their means of living . Unfavourable seasons ; commercial gluts ; monetary panics ; political misgovernment ; social convulsions or wars , may deprive in a weok or a day , numbers of all , or nearly all , these several sections of the working class
of the means of subsistence ; and under such circumstances to refuse them the relief wluch is theirs by right , is robbery . To deny the right of the ablcd-bodicd but destitute poor to relief , is to place them without thc pale of society . When men abandon tlio savage state for a state of society , they give up certain of their individual rights in exchange for the benefits of mutual protection ; but if when protection is needed—protection against death—it is withheld by one class from another , there reverts to thc class denied the needed
protection , all their natural rights : and they have a right in that case to protect themselves as men in a state or nature would : that is , thc poor man , lacking subsistence , has n , natural right to seek it as the " savage" would , wherever he can find it : and knowing that it would be on the hind , and in the houses of the rich , that he must " seek if he would find , " Jio would , in the assertion of such natural right , _traniplc on the law of "mine and thine , " and have recourse to tlie " Good old wav , x ' . ' _.-x simple plan ,
That they should take * ffho have thc powtr _, And they should keep who cail . ' _- ' That ' s what the poor , denied relief , would be justified in doing ; and do it they would , if they had one tithe of the brigand spirit of the rich in their composition . Tho wonder is that they have not long before this in ' cu _P "' _h-mils at it , when we consider what provocation tllC * ' have had in tho cruelty with which they have been trt * u to- _** antl t ! lc damnable doctrines which have been preach _*^* justify tho usurpations and robberies of the rich . As a _specimen of the doctrines of the Scotch " feelosofers , " Dr . Alison quotes two "illustrious" professors in the University of Edinburgh : —•
One saying that he thought no greater curse eould befall a country than the establishment of a legal provision for its poor ; and the otlier , that if he could dispose oftlie charitable institutions in Scotland , he would abolish them all , except hospitals and dispensaries , and leave tlie poor , unless when _nftUcted with disease , entirely to their own resources I need ( says the Doctor ) hardl y say that nctulytU same doctrine has been zealously espoused by our present illustrious professor of divinity . " Our present illustrious Professor of Divinity " is the notorious hi { , _'h-iljiiig , _noiwntnision Dr . _Ciialmehs * , the pope ofthe Free Kirk . Wc presume it is on tho "damnable doctrines "
of these "illustrious" professors , and the "illustrious illustrissimo " Dr . Chalmers , that the heritors and Kirk Sessions justify their robbery of funds set apart by benevolent individuals forthe support of the poor . Yes , tliese "aristocratical , " " respectable , " and " God-fearing " rascals have actually embezzled monies which were the actual property of the poor . The fact is thus stated in tho return " on the population and management ofthe poor in Scotland : " —
In several parishes and towns benevolent individuals mortified certain sums of money from time to time ; and from the increase of the subjects in which the money has sometimes been invested , the value of the mortifications has increased very ma _' erially . Tbey frequently supersede any assessments for the poor in the parishes to whieh tliey belong , although in some cases it is expressly declared by tlieir founders , and in other cases _SCCVlS to be implied , that the poor should receive the amount arising annually from such sources , in addition to , and exclusive of , what they would be legally entitled to .
Thus these trustees of fuuds left for charitable purposes frequently use such funds , contrary to the express declaration of the donors , in discharging obligations attached to their own property : and thus tliose aids , which were intended to be " exclusive of what the poor wero legally entitled to , " are fraudulently applied to " supersede an assessment . " This gross breach of trust is thus tenderl y alluded to by the Commissioners of Inquiry : Iu addition to tho money supplied b y the Church collections and other sessional funds , there exists in many parishes a greater or less annual income arising from mortifications—that is , sums of money , or land given iu mortmain or perpetuity by _bonovolent individuals . They then proceed to state , that liotjonl y is the interest of such " donations or legacies" apnlied as
The Sew Scotch Poor Law. Ix A Former Art...
general funds for the relief of the poor , but that " encroachments are often made on the capital sums ly the heritors and Kirk Sessions . " Now what is this but downright fraud and robbery 1 Tho heritors and Kirk Sessions were bound , under the old laws , to provide " needful sustentation" for the poor and impotent , witliout regard to iny means of subsistence which the poor might derive from other sources , such as theso " mortifications ; " instead of
which they make these " mortifications , " with perhaps the addition of the paltry collections at Kirk doors , supply the entire means of supporting the poor , themselves contributing not a farthing for that purpose : and it lias often happened that the heritors —that ii the land-robbers—hayo refused any contribution for the relief of the poor , until the charitable funds intrusted to tlieir administration were _entirely dissipated . Well , what does the Government do with these thieves ? Does it instruct the
Lord-Advocate to prosecute them lor the recovery of the embezzled sums ? Does it pursue them to the gaol or the hulks , where poor and petty plunderers ar _» always driven ? Nothing of the sort ! On the contrary , a law is passed to reinvest with power over the property and lives of the poor , thc very men who have been guilty of these malversations ! Men of Scotland , see in this another of the results of class legislation ; the robberies committed by the rich sanctified by law ; and the unhappy poor handed over to the tender mercies of these legalised brigands .
While we are on the subject of "damnable doctrines , " we will quote another sample of Scotch " feelosof'y . " The extract given below we have from Wade ' s London Review , for November , 1844 . It was quoted into that publication as from tho Edinburgh Review , vol . 65 , p . 495 . Head : — Oue of the Commissioners of Inquiry , declared upon this evidence tbat , if any trustee of a public charity , for tiie distribution of doles , instead of distributing the substance as intended , consumed it in good cheer for himself andfriends ; and that any trustee , ofa charity for / _oiitidtiiifjs , wiio , instead of applying the substance to these purposes , kept a mistress with _it _. really produced less immorality by sueh a course of proceeding , as compared with a literal administration ofthe trust , and was , pro tanto , u benefactor to the public .
" One of thc Commissioners of Inquiry : " what Commission ?—what Inquiry ? We know not : for the commentator in Wade ' s Rcvitiv _saith not ; and the number of the Edinburgh Review , into which this atrocious doctrine was first quoted , we never saw . But though we don't know , we may guess ; and although we may be wrong , wo believe the " _Commissioners of Inquiry" were thc _Commisioners of Scottish Poor Law Inquiry . The names of tliose Commissioners , it will be remembered , were Lord Melvillb , Lord _Belhavem , Mr . Home Duummokd , Mr . Campbell , of Craigo , thc Rev . Mr . Patrick
_Macfaulane , of the West Kirk of Greenock , the Rev . Mr . James Robertson , minister of Ellon , and Edward Twislutox , Esq . This last-named person is an En glishman ; and as he protested against the report of the Commission , and set his face against the hard-hearted doctrines of the rest of the Commissioners , we may reasonably suppose him guiltless cf the above devilish declaration , If our suvmis ' _J is correct , as to the particular Commission of Inquiry , it follows , therefore , that some oue of tho _above named two Scotch lords , two Scotch heritors , and two Scotch ministers , was the author of tho above execrable avowal .
" 0 Heaven ! that such companions thoudst unfold , And place in every honest hand a whip To la * h the rascals naked through the world . " We shall not comment on the superlatively infamous doctrine of the " Commissioner . " We leave that to the reader , each one for himself . Would that we knew thc identical miscreant ! Would that we could give his name ! For hatred it should be remembered . That namei _. -i i " to every eye
The Climax Of All Scorn, Should Hang On ...
The climax of all scorn , should hang on high , Exalted o er his less abhorr'd compeers—And festering in the infamy ot' years . " We must not quit tliese expounders of "damnable doctrines" without commending to detestation that hungry Whig , lato " Plain Jons , " now Lord _Gmv-M * i , i , ; formerly persecutor of the Chartists , and now , by the grace of Whig jobbery , ono of the "Hereditary Incurables" of St . Stephen ' s . Speaking on this bill he said , " He thought that the framers of the bill had done well in not giving way to the clamours which had been excited to provido
compulsory relief for all persons , whetner able-bodied or not , who might be out of employment . It was a mistike to make a lavish provision forthe poor , and also to encourage improvident marriages . It was wrong to proclaim that a young man and woman should marry and bring as many children into the world as thciv fecundity might afford , not having the mean ? to maintain tliem . " Thi 3 infernal doctrino is propounded by a Whig cx-Olmncellor , who , being " out of employment , " an " able-bodied pauper , " ROBS the country in the shape of " _comjiulsory relief" of £ 5 , 000 annuailv ! His beastly Maithusian trash is
scarcely _wortn replying to at this time of day . The people have learned that if " a young man and a young woman" have not thc means of keeping their offspring , their lack of means arises from the fact ol tlieir having with the rest of the public to help to keep such cold-blooded , parchment-hearted vampires as this Lord Campbell and his class . Would to heaven the masses were all of our mind ! They would make this " noble" fraud-monger eat his own rags and drink his own ink , rather than that he should , fo one day longer , live an aristocratic " pauper , " plundering the people , and heaping upon them injustice and i : " : f . ult in return .
The last clause ?• ' Hi * new law wo shall notice is the 80 th , by which it i ' s . enacted that " any person who has been removed to England , Ireland , or the Isle oi' Max \ , and shall afterwards return to Scotland _ i . „« " " "f ' *» _bnnoivie chargeable by himi _iiiii appiy im _iciib-i , ui . .... _- ¦¦ , _J self or his family to the parish , shall no r 7 ' 0 S 00 U _' " as a ' vagabond ; ' and shall , upon conviction , be punishable by imprisonment , with or without _bill'll labour , for any period not exceeding two months . " The injustice of this infamous clause is plain enough . An Englishman orlrishman , —and tliere arc many of both nations in Scotland—cotton-spinners ,
ironworkers , curriers , minors , brickmakers , glass-workers , weavers , and labourers , —having employment in thc country , through slackness of trade loses his work . Reduced to want lie is compelled to seek parish relief . Tiie relief he nets is . the hfiinrr nnriad outoftha country , to find such relief as he can in " his own parish . " . In a short time , perhaps , trade improves ; and , believing he can get work from his former employer , thc poor fellow makes his wav to Scotland again . Perhaps lie does not succeed . The master has " no room" for another man ; and search is in vain elsewhere . The man is without
home and in want of food * , maltreated and punished li found begging . He applies for relief to tlie Inspector of the poor : and the consequence is , his prosecution and punishment as a " vagabond ! " With such a law , would it not be well to send Mr . Duxdas packing hack again to hia own country , there to enjoy the sweets of " porridge" and "independence ?" We remember that when Mr . Siiarman Crawford denounced this clause , as one under which ' * apoor man might actually b e treated as vagabond , and for no
cause but a second time wanting relief , " Sir Jamus Graham interrupted him by saying , " It is the law in England now . " The report goes on to represent Mr . Crawford as saying , " Then it ought to be repealed . ( A laugh . ) It made it no better to say it was the law in England or in any country . " When Mr . Crawford denounced this atrocious law tlio response was a laugh ! Yes , when the wrongs ofthe poor arc descanted on , the hyenas laugh . They may laugh the wrong side of their mouths vet !
The manner in which this law was forced through the legislature reflects lasting disgrace on its authors and supporters . Many _petitions were presented against it and not one for it . If members silently voted for it in obedience to their own selQslt interest « or the mandate of the Minister , all the argument that was employed iu thc several debates was whollv on tho _sitle of the opposition , and exhibited solely bv the opponent s measure . Those who had ' the
The Climax Of All Scorn, Should Hang On ...
least regard lor yMl < _£ , or even deccaey , joined in tha appeal for postponement , to afford an opportunity for making the law really what it professed to bean amtndmtnt of pre-existing statutes . All was in vain . At the fag _* end of the session , at _niorning - sit * tings , with houses cf ' scarcely more than forty mem . bers out of six hundred and fifty-eight , the bill was hurried through its last stages ; and after this fashion passed byithe OommonB . In the Lords pnblic decency waa , still more grossly outraged . These titled incubuses lumped together the entire eighty-eight _clauses _^ and adopted them at once with
hardly even the mockery of a . discussion . Compare this with the time bestowed on party debates , . _^ or on sueh questions as the Maynooth endowment-or cn llailway Bills , which in private committees and public discussions have occupied so much of the time of the session last closed . This , however , is not to be wondered at . Mammon is fully represented , whilst labour has but few friends . The haste , however , with which the Lords " registered" this measure may turn out to be a good . They were too hasty to act vjisely ; and the blunder they thus committed will be learned by the following : —
Blunders of tub Legislators , —Tliere is a curious clerical error in the Scotch Pocr Law Amendment Act passed last session . Tlie first meeting of the Board was fixed for Wednesday , the 20 th ult ,, " or ten days thereafter , " but the month designated by the words of the ret is " August next . " Now , the measure only rtceived tha royal assent on the 4 th of the present August , so that , by the strict interpretation of the law , tlio board cannot act for a year . If this had been a quiet way of shelving an objectionable measure , which its authors , after making so much of , would no doubt have been ashamed openly to withdraw , we should have had little to sav _regai'dini ? it . But we doubt if it is that . We are givtii to understand that the board is to act notwithstanding the blunder , and apply next year for a bill of indemnity .
Whether tliey will act as is here intimated , in ePpo sition to laiu , or wait tlieir " appointed time , " re mains to be seen .
Co £Eajjers Sc Com^Po^Ents *
Co _£ _eaJjers Sc _Com _^ po _^ _ents *
Tnn Cojimpnications Or W. J., Belfast ; ...
Tnn _Cojimpnications or W ., Belfast ; Hugh 1 U * _j . sou , _Boaooon ; Geoi . ce Casdlett , Hide ; JosErn _Habdv , Manchesteii ; and Thomas Liveset , ltocn-DALE , who hav « written to us on the Odd Fellow dispute , will be obliged to stand over till next week . The great length at which we felt ourselves _ualUd on to give tho awful revelations of the Andover _hcll-hole , ami tho priceediugs at Rochdale in opposition to tho Somerset House despots , leave us no room fora continuation of our remarks on the present condition of the Odd ¥ ell ows ' Institution . Those we shall endeavour to give at _jivetty good length next week and with those remarks such por . tions of tha communications of our correspondents jibovenamed as hare not already been given : i . c , we shall give all tiie r _. cio matter— the _nevi arguments , bearing on tbe questions at issue . Of course we cannot lie expected to give a story half-a-dozen times over . Of the communications from the correspondents named
above , wo may state that of Jir . G . _Candlctt is in defence of the Exeentive in thc-ir " suspensions ; " and lie actually quotes " luio" in justification ! The Od . l Pellow readers of tho Star shall have the benefit of the onlv defence that we have yet seen of the acts which , whether they were in accordance with " law" or not , every man , knowing anything of life and the principles that govern the ordinary transactions of busitiess , must pronuimvc to be UNENDURABLE TYRANNY ; and they ¦ . ,. ¦•• _aluo havo the benefit of an examination of the suffocant of that " defence . " Mr . Thomas Livescy _' s letter is iu corroboration oftlie statement ofthe " Old CddFdlow , " relative to the " bowling out" of Jir . C . S . Itatcliffe , on the Newton race-course , offering to tet with all around liim . Mr . Livcsey rode in the same carriage to the course with Mr . _Itatclifie _, and distinctly saw and heard him , repeatedly and oft , " offer to lei with all around him . " This letter wo sliall give next week ; and shall probably have something to say respecting the . norality of betting , and of the prudence of permitting a known gajiblek to have the handling of hundreds of thousands of pounds of other people ' s money , Mb . T 11011 . SS Liveset . Rochdale . —We thank him kiudlv
for his good opinion ofthe article he names ; and shall be happy to have from him the matters of information promised . If he can interest himself to get the particulars of the Eeeles case , we slinll be obliged . What we require , to fulfil tlio duty uc have undertaken , aro _t'ACTS . Supply us with these , and wc will fearlessl y apply tliem , regardless of whom they implicate , or wli . un they reflect credit on . The case is one that must be dealt with on the ground of facts , if justice is to be done to the hundreds of thousands that have joined the Institution , and if their hard _sauiisys are to be save . The question is a broad one ; comprehends and includes much t ttttil cannot be settled on iitdcchhuil grounds . Jacob _Taosxr . —His letter is in type , but obliged to be kept over . P . _M'Gkath . —The meeting to which his address refers is postponed . II . KiTOiiis . —Since the notice last week appeared , we have found tlie letter lie inquired after , and found also that we had confounded two other letters , ashing for information to decide sonic public-house bets , with his . A i the same time the very nature of his question was such as to preclude the ordinary attention paid to ordinary communications . Tbe matter was one that did not full
withm our proviuct . _Geuerally speaking , the department to whieh his question has reference , is not under our control : but we may mention that on tlic second announcement whieh he names bein : ; _jiclnted oat to us , and learning tliat it had been sent for a number of insertions , we tools on ourselves to " order" its discontinuauco . As to the first announcement he names , we are unconscious of anything improper in it . Perhaps Mr . Kitchin is : if so , he has the _advantage : for wa have not read the works . As for Mr . Kitchin writing to other parties , he will just suit his own inclination in that matter : but we imagine thnt the purest embodiment of "candour" and " courtesy" that Mr . K . can address himself to , will not answer an impertinent question impertinently put , unless he likes . W . " \ Ykight , of _Stocki'oht , wishes to caution the Chartist i » ublie _ngainst a man of the name of Abraham _Ik'igl ) , fi'uin Wliitworth , near Rochdale . Ills _rouson for writing is , Unit Heigh has been amongst the Chnrlists of Stockport , and left the town in disgrace , lie fears that he may try to play similar pranks at other places .
Receipts Of Tne Chartist Co-Opeitatiyjs ...
RECEIPTS OF TnE CHARTIST _CO-OPEitATIYJS _XiASD SOCfETl " . lEii sia . o ' _coNSoa . £ s . d . Cathay , Bristol , per J . Cuincs 1 . 3 Foundry House , Cullomptoti , per C . Parnell .. 10 8 0 Stockport , per T . Woodbousu .. ,. ,. ' . ' fl 0 Carlisle , por J . _Gilbcrtim .. .. .. .. 4 8 t > Rotherham , per William Kimpston .. .. ¦ 14 10 Old Ihtsford _, Notts , peril . Moore .. .. 1 'J 0 Leeds , per Win . Rroolcs .. .. .. .. 5 fl 0 _llarnslcv , per J . Ward .. .. .. .. fl 0 0 Oolnc , per II . II . Harbor , ., 5 0 0 Salby . ner J . Bryan .. .. .. .. 2 n 0
Manchester , per J . . Murray ,, .. .. Iii fl C Northampton , per IV . Muiidy .. .. ., 2 U 1 ) _Ilurtiley , per J . Gray . „ ,. „ y 0 0 Sunderland , per Wm Dobbio .. .. .. i 14 1 I fey wood , peril . Clegg .. ,. ,. .. 470 Oldham , per W . Hanier .. „ „ „ 2 H 0 Bolton Lee . Moors , per Mr . Stevenson .. .. GOO ¦ _jHiilcybri ' . _' _sfc , per J . Durham .. ., .. e 0 fl Mottram , per J . Durham .. ., .. „ 2 S 0 _llradlhrd , per 3 . Alderson „ ,, .. t ) 1 ) 0 Glasgow , par J . Smith .. ,. „ .. 8-13 . Macclesfield , per J . Warren .. .. „ _: I < _lliriniiighain , per It . Parker _,, „ „ 1 I * C N . B .-The sum acknowledged from Salford lust » . co should have beeu £ 2 Is 3 d not £ 1 Is ( Id .
rER GEKE 1 UI _SUCUKTdltl _* . INSTALMENTS . £ _s . d . £ s . il . Todmordeit 0 5 0 J . Davies .. .. oil Hanley .. * . 0 13 8 Richard Rogers „ 8 _H SUAItES . Westminster ** .. 1 10 0 Bobert _Kagle .. 2 13 4 Wliittinston & Cat 10 4 Rouen . Franco .. 8 1 7 Thomas Smith .. 580 Mr . Fidge .. .. 0 2 0 John Smith .. .. 2 11 0 Elijah Nobhs .. 020 Sinners Town .. 2 0 0 Jir . Jinttison .. 0 1 0 Hebdenbridge .. 1 12 4 Mr . Goldsmith .. 0 1 "
CAEDS ASD RULES . Mr . Cleave .. .. O 1 4 Hanley .. .. O 0 S Mottram „ ,, 008 Longton .. „ 0 010 Stnleybriilge .. 024 Manchester ' .. .. 0 1 8 * In last week ' s Star £ 5 was acknowledged from Westminster instead of £ •" . I must again call upon those _sub-secretaries , who have not sent mc the necessary returns , to forward them , xxxsAi up to the present date , as speedily as possible , Thomas AiAimif WllfcElBII , Sccrctiiry
NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION " . EXECUTIVE . PER Jill . O ' CONNOR . _Staleybridge , por J . Durham .. „ „ 0 3 0 _BIXU-K _PUSh Mr . G . Cavil ! , Sheffield 0 0 6 _TEIl _CKKEajil SECRETARY . _SL'llSCitlPTIONS . Balance of late Fins- Bradford c ° bury Locality , per _Aiouiltafll- . _prOCCCtlS Of Mr . Urowctt .. .. 2 5 Chartist _shavingn ° rby 9 G shop 6 0 Helper , A . Holmes .. 1 0 Halifax .. .. 1 ' Derby , T . Tiumiins .. 0 8 _Hewsb ' urv ' » l S Lowislmin .. .. 7 0 _Littletow-. i .. .. _<* Xcweastle-upon-T yue 3 6 Somers Town .. .. ° CARDS . _Kewcastle-npon-Tyno .. . .. ..
nis os fund . A few Chartist Boot T . Chester , Derbv .. 0 <> and Shoemakers , W . Chandler , ditto .. 0 6 West Slid .. .. 8 6 VY . Crabtreo , ditto .. A . Holmes , Helper ., 0 0 Thomas Martin Wheeler .
Irish " Conciliation*" !—Thc Public Has Long Been
Irish " Conciliation * " !—Thc public has long been
Disgusted With Tho Intolerance, Bigotry,...
disgusted with tho intolerance , bigotry , and uneharitalil ' _onesss displayed in Exeter llall ; but the displays oflate in " Conciliation Hall" ( never was term so misused ) , Dublin , exceed those at the former p lace * Mr . J . O'Connell , at the _meeting ou Monday , calle " on it to " brand every man as a traitor who should take ofiicc in thc new colleges , " and Mr . Low demanded that every m :: _n who sent his child to uc educ _itccl in those colleges should be also branded ns a traitor . Such preposterous language as this ii' _? y gratify the people in Conciliation _Jl't . l ; but it > viu create a _feeliiij ; of loathing in tiie mind of every moderate and sensible man , " be lie Catholic or _!' _. _* ' - tlHtailt , Thu _CoHojiea , however , will t >** estahli * _!' _.-- _'' _! _, an 1 , what ia more , be filled with the youth of _miinf of the bust families in Ireland . —Brighton Herald .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 20, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns4_20091845/page/4/
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